Original subtitles

It's been over 75 years

since a United States Night Fighter Squadron

observed the so-called Foo Fighters high over

the Franco-German border during World War II.

But the fact is that it was just a prelude to the UFO phenomenon,

the start of which coincided with the most deadly perio d in human history.

The Second World War in Europe ended in May 1945,

but it was to be several months later

before the most horrific conflict in human history

reached a conclusion.

In August, the US military dropped nuclear bombs

on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima

and Nagasaki.

The Soviets tested their first atomic bomb on the steppes in what is now Kazakhstan

on August 29th, 1949,

triggering the onset of the tense 40-year nuclear standoff

between Russia and the United States...

The Cold War.

At some point, perhaps when this problem with the Soviet Union was resolved

and we got on the same page and was like, oh, okay, great,

you know, you're communists, we're capitalists, but that's fine. You...

You helped win the war. Let's work together. That didn't happen.

What happened was trillions and trillions of modern dollars

were spent on building 70,000 nuclear warheads.

Then nuclear submarines,

putting them on tracks, putting them on launchpads,

putting them underwater,

so that they could... you could be dead 12 seconds after the war began.

Could we be on the verge of another deadly conflict?

These series of nuclear tests were preceded by astonishing events.

Events that raised a completely different kind of concern

and helped precipitate the creation of many top secret projects.

Projects which have remained top secret until now.

June, 1947.

In the skies above Washington State, close to Mount Rainier,

private pilot Kenneth Arnold

reported sighting a formation of unidentified flying crafts.

Arnold's account led to the press

quickly coining the terms "flying saucer" and "flying disc"

as popular descriptions for Unidentified Flying Objects.

One month later,

the most notorious UFO sighting in history occurred.

July, 1947.

Roswell, New Mexico.

Major Jesse A. Marcel,

Air Force Intelligence Officer,

arrived home to his house in Roswell.

He walked into his ten-year-old son's bedroom and woke him up,

saying that he would probably never again see what he was about to show him,

items recovered from inside a UFO.

There was a lot of rather thick foil-like...

material, kind of a...

not a shiny aluminum,

but burnished or a slate grey type of aluminum metal.

Uh, there was a black plastic-type debris like bait light which was shattered.

It was very brittle.

Perhaps at its core,

why it has really resonated throughout the years

is that it was the first time and perhaps only time

where the United States Air Force,

and maybe it was still called Army Air Force at the time,

authorized a newspaper article that said, "We have captured a flying saucer."

In Washington, that newspaper report created turmoil.

And say that you're the President of the United States.

You're Harry Truman.

What do you do with that information?

If you tell the world that it's real,

first of all, you don't know, are they hostile or friendly.

Basically it's informally

the moment that Truman sent the authorization to Roger Ramey

down at Dallas Fort Worth,

that press release out of Roswell Air Force Ba..., army air force base,

that has got to be reversed, immediately,

because if the press get to Roswell

in time to start interviewing people all over town,

this is out, this is done.

The White House ordered a complete lockdown

of all information and personnel connected with the Roswell Incident.

Major Jesse Marcel was ordered to return to base immediately.

The information about the crash of an extraterrestrial vessel

that had been prematurely released to the public

had to be played down.

The UFO genie had to be put back in the bottle, at all costs.

The very same day they hold a late press conference,

later in the day, they get Jesse Marcel senior back there.

They get him in a room to hold up some Reynolds Wrap

that might've been wrapping Roger Ramey's fish in the freezer and say,

"Weather balloon. It was just a weather balloon."

And, the press goes, "Oh, okay, right, no problem..."

They debunked the whole thing and said,

"Oops, it was a mistake. We just saw a balloon"

and it was completely forgotten.

I think initially they might have thought it was even a Russian weapon or something

to cover... that was for the referral cover up for the...

...various stories. But later, it was determined it was not a Russian...

That left one other possibility,

that it was something from out of our atmosphere.

If the UFO, the flying saucer at the time, phenomena gets out of the bag

and people across the country are afraid, like, of a War of the Worlds scenario,

that we're going to have laser ships destroying society.

That means the Air Force has failed

in creating this sense of safety amongst the populace.

Given the circumstances of the time,

it's not surprising that an initiative emerged within the Pentagon

to establish a program to investigate the UFO phenomenon.

The foundations were laid

for the creation of the longest and most wide-spanning

government UFO monitoring program:

Project Blue Book.

Project Blue book was run by the United States Air Force

and it was the best known of

the three UFO research and investigation programs that the US government

had had in the early days.

Starting in 1947

with Project Sign

and then evolving into Project Grudge.

Project Blue book was, I think a genuine attempt

to investigate UFO sightings

and come to some sort of assessment of the phenomenon.

They really needed to get as much information as they could

from private citizens who saw the craft,

who could report if the craft had landed,

who was inside of the craft,

with people who were being taken inside of the craft

and being shown things. So all of this information they needed

and the best way for them to get it was

to have this Project Blue Book set up

so that it could act as a kind of veneer for people to report UFO sightings.

Project Sign was sort of like this high watermark of...

"Hey, there's something going on." "No, there's not."

"We got a grudge against this, there's nothing going on."

And then that was disbanded and led to the creation of Project Blue Book.

The newly formed team

is about to face a truly spectacular warmup round

with an incident directly above the nation's capital

observed by countless numbers of people.

I do believe probably the most significant case in Blue Book was 1952.

Because we have a case here, a lot of people say,

"I'm not going to believe in UFOs unless they land on the lawn in Washington, D.C."

Well, they practically did. They buzzed, they flew over.

July, 1952.

Washington, D.C.

We bring you the dramatic story

of what happened over our nation's capital just one week ago tonight.

Air traffic controller Edward Nugent

noticed seven unidentified flying objects on his radar screen

outside of authorized airspace.

He reported them to his superior.

It was also confirmed by two other controllers.

At nearby Andrews Air Force Base,

Airman William Brady

also reported sightings of objects

resembling fireballs,

whose speed and maneuverability

were unlike anything he'd ever seen.

We asked him to describe it, he said he couldn't describe it.

It was just a small white light.

So did S.C. Pierman,

a pilot waiting for takeoff clearance at Washington National.

Inexplicably,

Project Blue Book commander Edward J. Ruppelt

was only made aware of this incident much later.

The unknown object passed over the White House and the Capitol Building.

F94 Starfire jet fighters were scrambled from Andrews,

but the objects vanish.

A week later, the incident occurred again,

with the same unidentified craft appearing in the skies above the Capitol.

Project Blue Book spokesman Albert M. Chop

denied reporters' requests to photograph the radar screens.

During this second incident,

Lieutenant William Patterson locked onto one of the objects,

attempting to pursue it.

His efforts were futile. It was far too fast.

The unknown objects tracked on the radar were moving at unbelievable speeds,

ranging from 1,150 to over 7,000 miles per hour.

Project Blue Book investigators were ready

and when they started happening again, they went to the National airport,

they took over the control panel,

they took over the control tower

and they witnessed this UFO encounter themselves.

They saw the jets being scrambled,

they saw the radars, they were right there at the time

and they weren't able to determine

what it was.

It's an amazing episode of history

that a president who is very calm and controlled like Truman,

who is not prone to flights of fancy,

or, you know, panicking,

got angry enough about the situation

he called the director of Project Blue Book

and he said, "What the hell is going on?"

And he scrambled fighter jets to shoot these things down.

Was... these jet fighters were chasing,

and that were outrunning them.

A very similar incident to what we see at the... in the Nimitz,

that's making the news right now or the Roosevelt,

which was also making news.

So it's a repeat of what keeps happening where these things show up.

We chase them, they outmaneuver our best technology

and we have no idea what the heck they are.

The country was in the midst of a Cold War

and people feared global conflict.

When unknown craft flew in formation over the nation's capital,

something had to be done.

On July 29th, 1952,

an extraordinary press conference was held at the Pentagon.

The largest press conference since World War II was held at the Pentagon

and Major General John Alexander Samford

spoke to the public, along with other military officers

about the sightings.

We can say that the recent sightings are in no way connected

with any secret development by any agency of the United States.

General Samford stated that these things have been seen in the sky

dating back to biblical times,

that there are credible people who are seeing incredible things,

that you can't explain any of this except for phenomena.

However, there have been a certain percentage

of this volume of reports

that have been made by credible observers

of relatively incredible things.

It is this group of observations that we now are attempting to resolve.

This was perhaps the one and only time in history

when the military command of a global superpower

issued a public response to documented UFO sightings

and admitted that it was at a loss to explain them.

It was the first official admission

that extraterrestrial craft of superior speed and maneuverability

had been observed in the Earth's atmosphere.

And that shook them up.

Because they can't stop it.

They try to come up with a cover story. Nobody believed it.

The flights over Washington seem to announce to the world:

"We are here. You can count on our involvement."

"Nuclear weapons can endanger not only you, but the entire planet

and as yet undiscovered worlds beyond it."

To this day, UFOs are sighted near bases with nuclear arsenals,

and in at least two documented cases,

the coded activation system was inexplicably tampered with.

In 2010,

UFO expert Robert Hastings states:

"Declassified US government documents

and witness testimony from former or retired US military personnel

confirm beyond any doubt,

ongoing UFO incursions close to nuclear weapons facilities."

But information about this is kept under wraps and denied.

And so, how do you keep that under wraps?

Well, you use all of the spy craft tools and disinformation tools

and stuff that we had developed during the war.

You formalize the CIA or the OSS,

you create the NSA.

And you use your technology,

you get in touch with publishers and key papers.

You talk to the three networks

and you say, "Look, you gotta work, play ball with us." And they did.

Is there anything in the files,

either classified or unclassified that would indicate that there may be

extraterrestrial visitors over here?

First of all,

the project is completely unclassified

and there is nothing in the record that would indicate

that we have been visited by any advanced civilization.

...place where man can explore...

Despite authorities' efforts, these sightings would keep on coming,

confounding attempts to play down the whole notion of UFO phenomena.

One of the cases that really impressed me in Project Blue Book

was that in 1952,

there was this sighting of a flying saucer

in the vicinity of Desert Springs.

And this was the place where George Adamski says

that he actually had his first encounter with a extraterrestrial from Venus.

And Adamski had six people that witnessed him having this encounter.

November, 1952.

Desert Center, California.

George Adamski returns home from stargazing with friends.

He was about to experience an encounter that would change his life.

First, he recalls a cigar-shaped object appearing in the sky.

Others in the group were shocked,

but George Adamski was not so easily fazed.

He left the group and walked towards where the craft had apparently landed.

Adamski disappeared over the horizon just as the vessel appeared to land,

but from a distance, it is too hard to tell.

Adamski returned just moments later with an alarming message.

He said that he was warned by a being from Venus called Orthon

about the threat of imminent nuclear war.

He tells them the Venutian communicated with him non-verbally.

I have, more or less,

gestures of mental telepathy, as it is known, talk transfer.

He does not speak?

He didn't at the time but I have met him since

and he does speak very well English as well as any other language.

They saw the UFO,

they actually even saw a cigar-shaped craft in the vicinity.

So these witnesses,

uh, they gave their testimony to a local newspaper,

they took some soil samples to support what Adamski said,

that he had a real life meeting, and in the Project Blue Book files

there was another person,

independent of Adamski and his six witnesses

who said that they, they reported a UFO sighting

in the precise area where Adamski had his encounter.

On December 13th, 1952,

George Adamski claims to have photographed a UFO.

The image was debunked and compared to a surgical lamp.

Which of George Adamski's claims were true?

Project Blue Book commander, Edward J. Ruppelt,

and his scientific advisor, Joseph Allen Hynek,

took an interest in Adamski.

In his 1956 memoirs, Ruppelt writes:

"To look at the man and to listen to his story,

you immediately felt an urge to believe him."

Decades later it is clear, not only from Ruppelt's memoirs,

but also from the testimony of other direct participants in Project Blue Book

that the project manipulated facts,

especially in its later phase.

Some cases were filed with a blatant effort

to avoid any unexplainable or unidentified phenomena.

There was a policy instituted at that time, in 1953

and in 1954, there were two new Air Force regulations

put into effect that, essentially,

any information that was not explained by the Air Force

was to go through a different process, a different system,

and that only the information

that could be identified as conventional craft

could be told to the public and to the media.

The whole idea was to say,

"We're taking it seriously," when they weren't taking it seriously,

they just wanted information,

but they would interpret it one way for the public,

they'd interpret it another way for themselves

because they knew this was real.

You're a publisher and they come and say, "This is national security."

"We cannot have significant investigations of this."

"You can write some articles but do not challenge our position on this."

"It's for the benefit of the nation."

And what is the publisher going to do? "Ah, screw you."

Project Blue Book's most famous commander

was Captain Edward J. Ruppelt,

a decorated World War II pilot,

who, incidentally, coined the term Unidentified Flying Object.

After resigning from his post, Ruppelt wrote the book

The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects,

which to this day provides readers with a very solid picture

of what happened behind the scenes of military investigations

into the phenomenon between 1947 and 1955.

Ruppelt and his people

were very strongly looking at the extraterrestrial hypothesis.

But in later years, Blue Book was explicitly given orders

by the Air Force, by the military

to explain all of these...

unexplained cases and just to give them explanations:

weather balloon, a hoax or media or whatever.

Uh, and they got their percentage of unknowns down very, very low.

But that doesn't mean that these were legitimate investigations.

The most significant civilian figure

associated with Project Blue Book

was Joseph Allen Hynek, a scientist hired by the Pentagon

to advise on three consecutive UFO studies:

Project Sign, Project Grudge and Project Blue Book.

Hynek's observations became a case study

of how empirical findings on the UFO question

brought about radical change of opinion.

So if you put it in the... where I use the word possibility and not probability

then I would have to say I think as any scientist would have to say

it is certainly possible, yes.

So...

my father got involved with Project Blue Book and the predecessors.

Um, there are two theories.

One is that because of his classified work with the Air Force

or the army during World War II and the proximity fuse,

he had a security clearance.

And there are people and you can see websites,

where they say it was a CIA plan to get Hynek involved again.

Um...

The alternative view is that

they just needed a respectable astronomer to come in and say,

"Don't worry folks, there's nothing going on."

Among the tremendous noise or static or crud or whatever you wanna call it,

a tremendous number of unreliable reports that are easily explained,

there is this residue of most interesting cases

that intrigue me in the same way that a good mystery story intrigues me

and I'd like to get the solution.

Now, we knew Jay Allen Hynek quite well.

We were with him both privately

and at public conferences in the '70s and '80s

and he was a man who was paid, literally by the Project Blue Book,

to cover up the extraterrestrials.

But he was a man who had an inquisitive mind.

He starts looking behind the scenes

and spitting out, "There's something real going on here."

"What it is we don't know, but it's worthy of study."

Big, big cases, which they never gave to Hynek. So Hy...

That's when Hynek discovered that they were using him.

Project Blue Book was basically an attempt to put under the table

this phenomenon to discredit it.

We have not been hiding anything.

The investigations have been made public,

the explanations of those,

where there is a clear explanation have been made public,

the hearing this morning was public for just that reason.

Then later on in his life, he totally switched.

Uh, he understood that the phenomenon was both physical and psychic.

So it was both physical and paranormal.

I think what was... initially surprising for my father

was the sort of cavalier attitude that the Air Force had

to not really learn the truth.

Whether or not they need to learn the truth for a different,

you know, military point of view than my father's scientific inquiry,

but they just weren't interested in the truth.

But what the US Military couldn't control

were reports of sightings of UFOs,

coming from outside the United States.

June, 1959.

Boianai, Papua New Guinea.

The peace and quiet of the Boianai Anglican Mission

was unexpectedly disrupted.

Reverend William Booth Gill

was the first to observe intense light around unoccupied Mount Pudi.

He and his assistant thought it was an atmospheric phenomenon,

hardly realizing that they would soon witness something much more extraordinary.

On June 26th,

Father Gill along with 38 other eyewitnesses

saw a large disk in the sky emitting blue light.

He later went public with what he had seen.

What it's like to look up in the sky

and see a totally foreign looking object,

that stays there just hovering,

uh, not very far... high up, maybe two, three hundred feet up in the air.

Observers saw what appeared to be beings inside the craft.

They looked like people, but something told Father Gill

he was witnessing an encounter of an entirely different kind.

The visitation was repeated again the following night

and was observed by yet another 25 witnesses.

Figures walking about on top

and not the slightest noise whatsoever.

And so, we waved.

They waved back.

Was it possible?

Did these beings come from another world or from a parallel universe?

Rarely has such an event been witnessed by so many.

The question is no longer whether there is intelligent life in the universe,

but how many different forms might it take?

And then suddenly it did go.

And there was this amazingly,

incredible speed, that the whole craft disappeared

uh, to nothing.

Listen, I met Father Gill, he came to our house for dinner one night

for an ecumenical religious conference.

And this was not a guy who went on the UFO lecture circuit.

He did not write a book.

He was a man in his seventies who was very comfortable in his own skin, as we say,

and I saw him with my own eyes

and I'm looking at him thinking, "I don't think this guy is lying."

"I don't think this guy is crazy."

So he didn't really understand why they didn't want to just

thoroughly investigate,

even though they will do something different than he would.

So I think that was surprising to him.

In the 1950s,

at the behest of the CIA, The Robertson Panel was established.

A scientific committee that precisely shaped strategies and tactics

of dealing with the media.

Even if UFOs did not pose a direct threat to the United States,

a threat could arise

from the mismanagement of classified information

and public interest.

Therefore,

a massive disinformation plan was created and put into action,

gradually integrating their talking points into public life.

The Air Force always wanted to get rid of Project Blue book but,

they weren't really able to without a proper pretext,

a proper explanation... reason.

That's where the so-called Condon Committee investigation came in.

In the late 1960s,

the University of Colorado was contracted by the Air Force

to do a supposedly scientific study of UFOs. Well...

that was a whole rigged game as well.

Dr. Edward Condon made statements

such as, "We do not expect

extraterrestrial life from outside our solar system

to reach our planet in the next 10,000 years."

If you actually look at the Condon Project reports,

the scientific study,

you'll find that much of that information indicates that UFOs are real

and that there was a serious interest in this.

Sort of signal low points would be 1953 and 1969.

Uh, 1953 was the Robertson Panel,

which is the first of sort of two scientist-led symposiums

to discuss UFOs and write a report and come up with a conclusion.

Basically they had a report

whose conclusion said, "There's nothing to the UFO phenomena."

"Let's close the doors and go home."

The fact that the contents of the program

remained classified until 1975,

five years after Project Blue Book was terminated,

demonstrates without a doubt,

that the Robertson Panel Report wasn't just a temporary program.

It was a sustained, long-term effort to mak e the subject of UFOs

scientifically unrespectable.

Hynek saw this essentially as a smokescreen

to keep critical information about UFOs out of the public domain.

Project Blue Book was officially shut down in 1969

with the archive made available to the public in 2015.

As it turns out,

the archive is far from complete.

Following a discovery by UFO investigator Rob Mercer,

who lived close to the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio,

many previously undisclosed cases recorded by the US military

and collated by Project Blue Book came to light.

Thanks to a classified advertisement

offering official military files related to UFOs,

Mercer took possession of a cache of boxes.

These boxes were filled with documents stored in a garage

by a former military base officer.

Thanks in large part to Mercer,

a much clearer picture of the history of the project

and the sheer volume of information in its possession, came to light.

April, 1964.

Socorro, New Mexico.

It was hot at the end of April that year,

especially for patrolman, Lonnie Zamora,

at around 5:45 in the afternoon while in pursuit of a speeding driver.

He witnesses a flash of fire on the horizon,

about a half a mile away.

Suspecting that a dynamite store in the area exploded,

he decided to drop the pursuit in order to check out the scene.

I went up that little road,

for about half a mile, I guess.

Uh, came up to this little parking deal there

on the side of the road,

and I thought I'd glance out of the window.

Looked to my left to see a white object on the ground.

Thought that it might be a car that had turned over.

Crossed the river... going out there to investigate,

thought maybe somebody would be hurt.

Astonished, the object spotted by Zamora

slowly began to rise into the air.

There was no smoke,

just a blue and orange flame beneath the object.

Frightened, the policeman fled.

Stumbling, losing his glasses as he fell on the dusty ground,

he tries to take cover in anticipation of an explosion above him.

Suddenly, everything went quiet.

He looked up to see the object slowly departing,

but not through rocket propulsion,

simply floating silently away.

Jay Hynek met with Lonnie Zamora

to discuss what he had seen and evaluate his credibility.

He was favorably impressed.

My father thought he was a very credible witness,

um, who exhibited signs of trauma immediately after the event

and was very consistent in his recounting of the event after that.

And this is sort of part of a flurry or a flap

of cases in New Mexico, um, in the 40s, 50s and 60s.

So that was a very convincing case.

That was one of the cases that led my father

to finally jump in with both feet to the deep end of the UFO Pool.

Testimonies gathered over the years

refute perhaps the most important official conclusion of Project Blue Book,

which states:

"There has been no evidence submitted or discovered by the Air Force

that sightings categorized as 'unidentified'

represent technological developments

or principles beyond the range of present day scientific knowledge."

"There has been no evidence

indicating the sightings categorized a s 'unidentified'

are extraterrestrial vehicles."

You know, when you investigate cases and they're obviously extraterrestrial,

at some point you just have to say,

"This is not able to be covered up any longer."

This is why Project Blue Book was diminished,

because it did not have answers

that were sufficient, really, to other areas of science.

The largest study ever done by the US Air Force,

uh, was done in 1954, 1955,

at the prestigious Battelle Memorial Institute.

3,201 cases were categorized

by the scientists who did this study.

In the end, 21.5%

were labeled as true unknowns.

They could not identify them as anything conventional on this planet.

However, the secretary of the Air Force made a statement that it was only 3%.

When you say that it's only 3%, it can be easily dismissed.

21.5% deserves further scientific investigation.

By the time Project Blue Book was terminated in 1969,

it had accumulated a total of 12,618 UFO sightings,

categorizing the majority of the cases as natural phenomena,

anomalies or conventional aircraft.

Roughly 6% of the cases, 701 to be exact,

are labeled as "Unexplainable."

One of the most intriguing of these

was reported just three years before Blue Book was shut down.

March, 1966.

Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas.

Shortly before sunrise,

fifty-six-year-old electrician Eddie Laxson

was driving over the state line between Texas and Oklahoma,

little suspecting what he was about to encounter.

The beams of a car's headlights on this dark road?

There wasn't a living soul in sight.

And yet, a moment later,

Eddie sharply had to stomp on his brakes.

Dumbfounded, he stared ahead while the car radio suddenly died.

As did the vehicle's engine.

He got out of his car and stood transfixed

at a 75 foot long, 8 foot high and 12 foot wide craft.

It was unlike anything he had ever seen.

Here is its dimensions. It's 75 feet in length.

It has a three foot diameter porthole here.

It has a bubble canopy here.

There's four landing gear legs, and then there's a door right here.

There were figures standing alongside the vessel,

dressed in uniforms bearing unfamiliar emblems.

The ship, as he recalled,

was marked with the numbers TL 4768.

The vessel had no wings,

as you might see on a conventional man-made aircraft of that period.

There was a man shining a flashlight on the bottom of this craft

with a porthole here.

And when he saw that he was being viewed by the eyewitness,

he went up the ladder, he closed the door.

Shortly after, it rose noiselessly

and vanishes at a speed of perhaps 700 miles per hour,

faster than the speed of sound,

but without a sonic boom.

Eddie was at a complete loss to explain what he had just seen.

Were these humanoid extraterrestrials?

Time travelers?

Even with today's technologies,

human science is incapable of building such a vessel.

And as this thing was departing, truckers who are going down the same road,

they saw it too.

So we've got multiple independent confirmation

of this craft actually being seen.

Sheppard Air Force Base back in 1966.

And yet, despite the weight of evidence,

Project Blue Book filed away this compelling eyewitness testimony,

continuing its policy of suppressing any accounts of UFO sightings

or information which might contradict the official government line

on the existence of UFOs.

To explain the way of UFO sightings

as quickly as possible when they become public

and deny that UFOs really exist.

This theory that Project Blue Book was just a public relations exercise

has been given some new credibility

because, of course, we now know

that the Pentagon had at least, um,

from 2007 to 2012, but maybe still existing,

a program called ATIP,

Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program.

So the idea of having a public program

like Blue Book, but having as well a secret program,

that the people, the media and the public don't know about,

does now have more, more credibility.

The stigma was manufactured.

We as scientists were used in this divide and conquer tactic

that we were meant to come out and get people not to be talking about this

or dismiss any sort of encounter that somebody had.

What are you doing there, Moe?

Just flying saucers.

What we see today, the stigma that still exists

in the separation between the UFO community

and the scientific community is a hangover of this period.

It's a legacy of this divide and conquer strategy

that was used by military and government in the 1940s, 50s and throughout.

And that's not conspiracy theory.

When you keep encountering these objects

that are over sensitive airspace that are not supposed to be there,

you have to do something about it.

And the thing is they tried to do it as quietly as they can,

but this has never stopped being a problem for the United States military.

Although the results of many years of observation

have been downplayed and censored

with UFOs having been successfully relegated to the sphere of pop culture,

this doesn't mean that the US military has lost interest in the phenomenon

or has stopped being active in monitoring any activity

which could be associated with UFOs.

It put the United States government in a very difficult position

because for years,

they had said in response to any questions about this,

"We don't investigate UFOs anymore."

"We haven't done this since Project Blue Book."

So, of course, this story proved that they had.

So it was embarrassing.

The philosophical drive of Project Blue Book

was that UFOs did not exist.

So they're always looking for explanations like a weather balloon, the planet Saturn,

or a hoax to explain them away.

I don't think it is space people,

although I would be delighted if it turned out that way,

because as an astronomer,

I think it would make astronomy even more interesting than it is.

And as far as the Air Force is concerned, I can't speak for them of course,

but I should imagine

that if the existence of spacecraft were really established,

it would really increase the appropriations of the Air Force.

Project Blue Book was sort of the front man out there saying,

"Hey, don't worry. Nothing going on here. Don't look behind the curtain."

So they've been researching whatever they can research

about the extraterrestrial presence, particularly the technology, 24/7,

uh, month after month, year after year,

all the way back into the 50s.

And so this idea that, "Oh, they just did Blue Book and they didn't do anything."

And then they came up with the ATIP program.

Believe me, they've been studying it all this time.

The idea that we have to classify and keep things secret and safe,

and, you know, we don't have the same level

of existential threat we used to have.

We just don't.

It's time to move on and say, "Look,

I'd rather have some of these secrets get out

and have a more open world and a lot stronger understanding

than what we currently have."