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>> THIS IS YOUR BRAIN.
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THIS IS DRUGS.
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THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON DRUGS.
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>> THE GERMAN STUDY SUGGESTS
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THAT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S CLAIM
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THAT ECSTASY CAUSES DEVASTATING,
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IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE WAS A
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DRAMATIC EXAGGERATION.
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>> THAT'S PART OF THE REASON I
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WANT TO LEGALIZE IT, TOO --
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'CAUSE WE CAN FIGURE OUT, "HEY,
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LOOK, THIS IS SAFE, THIS IS THE
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RIGHT DOSAGE."
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>> NOW, THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO
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THINK IT'S A BAD IDEA.
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THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO THINK
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SMOKING AND DRINKING ARE BAD
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IDEAS.
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>> [ SPEAKING NATIVE LANGUAGE ]
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>> EXPERTS THINK THAT JUST ONE
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DOSE COULD MESS UP YOUR BRAIN
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FOR LIFE.
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>> RESEARCHERS AT A NORWEGIAN
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UNIVERSITY HAVE LOOKED BACK AT
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EARLY MEDICAL TRIALS OF LSD AND
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FOUND EVIDENCE IT COULD BE USED
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TO TREAT ALCOHOLISM.
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>> PSILOCYBIN DECREASES THE
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AMOUNT OF ACTIVITY THAT'S
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OCCURRING, THEREFORE DECREASING
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ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH
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DEPRESSION.
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>> ...A CALIFORNIA STATE LAW
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WHERE MEDICAL MARIJUANA APPEARS
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TO BE HELPING SO MANY PEOPLE
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WITH CANCER.
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>> THEY TAKE AYAHUASCA AS A
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MEDICINE.
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THEY SAY IT'S A MEDICINE FOR THE
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BODY AND THE SOUL.
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>> ...THOUSAND DEATHS RELATED TO
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DRUG VIOLENCE.
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>> WE SEE THE FAILURE OF THE
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POLICY OF PROHIBITION IN OUR
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SOCIETY.
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>> IT'S THE BEGINNING OF A VERY
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SIGNIFICANT SCIENTIFIC
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INVESTIGATION OF THE ACTIONS OF
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PSYCHEDELICS.
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>> IN THE POPULAR PRESS,
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HALLUCINOGENS HAVE BEEN
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PORTRAYED AS A RECREATION, AN
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ESCAPE, OR A DANGEROUS
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INVITATION FOR ABUSE, BUT THERE
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IS ANOTHER SIDE TO THE STORY.
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THE TRUTH IS THAT MORE PEOPLE
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DIE EACH YEAR FROM USING SIMPLE
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PAIN RELIEVERS THAN FROM ALL
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ILLEGAL DRUGS COMBINED.
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AND OF THOSE CAUSED BY ILLEGAL
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DRUGS, THE VAST MAJORITY ARE
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CAUSED BY STREET NARCOTICS, SUCH
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AS COCAINE AND HEROIN.
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ALMOST NONE ARE DUE TO
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PSYCHEDELICS.
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>> THIS IS A GLASS OF WATER.
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IT CONTAINS 100 GAMMA OF LSD-25,
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1/10 OF A MILLIGRAM.
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LET US OBSERVE THE EFFECT SOME
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THREE HOURS LATER.
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>> I CAN SEE EVERYTHING IN
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COLOR...AND THE DIMENSIONS AND
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ALL THE PRISMS AND THE RAYS...
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AND EVERYTHING COMING DOWN
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THROUGH YOU AND -- AND MOVING.
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>> WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN TO
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YOU?
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>> I'VE NEVER SEEN SUCH INFINITE
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BEAUTY IN MY LIFE.
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>> THERE WAS GREAT HOPE IN THE
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EARLY '50s THAT LSD WAS GOING TO
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REVOLUTIONIZE PSYCHIATRY.
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AND IN SOME SENSE, THAT HOPE WAS
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NOT MISPLACED.
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>> IN THE 1960s, DRUGS LIKE LSD
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HAD MOVED OUT OF MAINSTREAM
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MEDICINE INTO RECREATIONAL USE.
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I THINK THE POWERS THAT BE, TO
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SOME EXTENT, FELT THAT THINGS
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WERE GETTING OUT OF CONTROL, SO
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THAT IN THE MID-'60s, THERE WAS
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A MOVE TO TRY AND PUT THE LID
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BACK ON THE BOTTLE, TO GET THE
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GENIE BACK INTO THE BOTTLE, TO
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TRY AND RESTORE SOCIAL CONTROL
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THAT APPEARED TO BE ON THE VERGE
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OF BREAKING DOWN.
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[ OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING ]
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>> ANTIWAR DEMONSTRATORS PROTEST
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U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN THE VIETNAM
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WAR IN MASS MARCHES, RALLIES,
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AND DEMONSTRATIONS.
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>> IF WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
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PROSECUTE WARS IN THE FUTURE,
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WE CAN'T HAVE TOO MANY PEOPLE
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TAKING DRUGS LIKE LSD.
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>> WHEN THEY WOULD TAKE IT,
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THEY'D GO, "WAIT A MINUTE.
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WHY AM I SUPPOSED TO GO FIGHT IN
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VIETNAM?
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EXACTLY EXPLAIN TO ME -- WHAT AM
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I DOING OVER THERE?
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YOU'RE WANTING ME TO KILL THESE
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OTHER PEOPLE, BUT THEY'RE JUST
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LIKE ME.
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I'M KILLING A PART OF ME."
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YOU DO SEE OUT OF THE BOX WITH
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LSD.
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YOU DO SEE PAST CULTURALLY
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IMPOSED VALUES.
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>> YOU KNOW, THE WHOLE GOAL WAS
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TO SORT OF CRACK OPEN THE MIND,
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BREAK AWAY FROM THE CONSTRAINTS
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OF A CULTURE THAT WE FELT WAS
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INHIBITING THE HUMAN POTENTIAL,
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THAT WE MIGHT EMBRACE A NEW
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REALM OF POSSIBILITIES.
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>> THE UPSHOT, THOUGH, WAS QUITE
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EXTRAORDINARY, IN THAT, IN ORDER
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TO BAN A DRUG, YOU HAD TO PAINT
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IT AS HAVING EXTREME DANGERS
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LINKED TO IT.
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AND THE BIGGEST AND MOST
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CONVENIENT DANGER TO USE WAS THE
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IDEA THAT YOU WOULD GET HOOKED.
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IN ACTUAL FACT, YOU CANNOT
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BECOME PHYSICALLY DEPENDENT OR
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GET ADDICTED TO A DRUG LIKE LSD.
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>> TO TRY TO DEAL WITH SOMETHING
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LIKE THIS IN A STRAIGHTFORWARD,
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SCIENTIFIC MANNER IS REALLY
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DIFFICULT BECAUSE YOU'RE REALLY
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DEALING WITH IRRATIONAL,
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FEAR-BASED REACTIONS THAT HAVE
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NOTHING TO DO WITH WHAT THE
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DRUGS HAVE DONE IN THE PAST AND
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WHAT THEY CAN DO IN THE FUTURE.
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>> IT'S BEEN 40 YEARS, 50 YEARS,
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ESSENTIALLY, SINCE ALL CLINICAL
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WORK ON PSYCHEDELICS WAS SHUT
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DOWN.
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>> DESPITE THE RESTRICTIONS ON
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RESEARCH INTO LSD, ITS DRAMATIC
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EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN HAVE PUT
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SCIENTISTS ON THE TRAIL OF A NEW
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AND INTRIGUING NEUROTRANSMITTER
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CALLED SEROTONIN.
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>> SEROTONIN IS REFERRED TO AS A
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NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM.
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IT'S ALSO REFERRED TO AS AN
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NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEM BECAUSE
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IT MODULATES OR REGULATES NOT
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ONLY A LOT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF
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PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN, BUT IT
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ALSO REGULATES THE ACTIVITIES OF
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OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS.
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PSYCHEDELICS HAVE A SIMILAR KIND
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OF ROLE IN THE BRAIN, ALTHOUGH
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SOMETIMES WHAT THEY'RE DOING IS
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RELEASING THE CONTROL THAT
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SEROTONIN HAS OVER CERTAIN AREAS
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OF THE BRAIN.
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>> SO, EVERYTHING THAT'S COMING
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IN THROUGH YOUR SENSES, EXCEPT
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FOR SMELL, COMES IN THE BRAIN
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AND GOES THROUGH AN AREA CALLED
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THE THALAMUS, WHICH IS KIND OF
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LIKE A GATEWAY.
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THE THALAMUS DECIDES WHAT GETS
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SENT TO THE CORTEX, AND THE
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CORTEX -- THESE EXECUTIVE
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AREAS -- IS WHAT PUTS TOGETHER
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YOUR WHOLE SORT OF GESTALT, WHAT
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IS YOUR REALITY.
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>> NOW, THESE TWO PARTS OF THE
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BRAIN -- THE LOWER PART OF THE
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BRAIN THAT REGULATES THE FLOW OF
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INFORMATION AND THE MIDDLE PARTS
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OF THE BRAIN THAT PROVIDE THE
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EMOTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF THE
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INFORMATION -- ARE LINKED
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THROUGH THESE SEROTONIN
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CIRCUITS.
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AND SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT
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THESE PSYCHEDELICS DO IS THAT
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THEY STIMULATE THIS SEROTONERGIC
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CIRCUITRY THAT ENHANCES THE
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CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
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EMOTIONAL BRAIN AND THIS LOWER
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BEHAVIORAL AND INFORMATIONAL
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BRAIN.
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SO, THIS IS WHY I TALK ABOUT
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THESE PSYCHEDELICS AS REALLY
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BEING BETTER CHARACTERIZED AS
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PSYCHOINTEGRATORS.
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THEY FUNCTION MUCH LIKE
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SEROTONIN IN INTEGRATING THE
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ACTIVITIES AT THE DIFFERENT
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LEVELS OF THE BRAIN, BUT THEY DO
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SO IN A WAY THAT CHANGES THE
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SEROTONIN'S SORT OF REPRESSIVE
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CONTROL MECHANISMS, REGULATING
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US FROM HAVING TOO MUCH
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INFORMATION, TO SAYING, "YOU GET
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IT ALL."
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AND THIS IS PART OF THE
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OVERWHELMING EXPERIENCES THAT
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PEOPLE HAVE, BUT IT'S ALSO WHY
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WE GET THESE INTENSE INSIGHTS,
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THESE, YOU KNOW, INTUITIVE
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UNDERSTANDINGS, THE SENSE THAT
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EVERYTHING IS NOW ALL CONNECTED
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TOGETHER -- BECAUSE THE BRAIN
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REALLY IS BEING CONNECTED
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TOGETHER BY THE WAY THESE
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SUBSTANCES INTERFACE WITH THE
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SEROTONIN SYSTEM.
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>> WHAT REALLY GOT RESEARCHERS
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INTERESTED IN SEROTONIN AND ITS
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FUNCTIONS WAS THE FACT THAT LSD
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RESEMBLED SEROTONIN, CHEMICALLY.
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NOT ONLY THAT, BUT LSD AFFECTED
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ALL OF THESE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS
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OF SEROTONIN AND WAS REALLY USED
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AS A MOLECULAR TOOL TO
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UNDERSTAND WHAT SEROTONIN WAS
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DOING.
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>> IF YOU HAD A PSYCHIATRIC
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DISORDER -- SAY YOU WERE
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SCHIZOPHRENIC -- IN THE 1940s,
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THE GENERAL CONSENSUS THEN WAS
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OR THE BELIEF WAS THEN THAT YOU
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WERE SCHIZOPHRENIC BECAUSE YOUR
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MOTHER HAD FAILED IN SOME WAY --
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YOU HAD NOT HAD A NURTURING
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MOTHER, SHE HAD NOT BREAST-FED
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YOU.
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THERE WAS NO CONCEPT THAT WHAT
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HAPPENED IN YOUR BEHAVIOR WAS IN
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ANY WAY RELATED TO BRAIN
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NEUROCHEMISTRY.
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>> AMONG THESE DRUGS -- THE
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HALLUCINOGENS -- ARE INCLUDED
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MESCALINE, A CHEMICAL TAKEN FROM
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THE PEYOTE CACTUS...
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PSILOCYBIN, EXTRACTED FROM A
257
00:09:14,067 --> 00:09:16,433
VARIETY OF MEXICAN MUSHROOM...
258
00:09:16,433 --> 00:09:18,867
DMT, SYNTHESIZED FROM THE
259
00:09:18,867 --> 00:09:21,067
COMPOUND TRYPTAMINE...
260
00:09:21,067 --> 00:09:24,467
AND, OF COURSE, LSD-25.
261
00:09:24,467 --> 00:09:26,333
>> ALBERT HOFMANN DISCOVERED LSD
262
00:09:26,333 --> 00:09:27,000
IN 1943.
263
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:28,767
SANDOZ BEGAN TO SEND IT OUT TO
264
00:09:28,767 --> 00:09:30,667
PSYCHOLOGISTS AND PSYCHIATRISTS,
265
00:09:30,667 --> 00:09:32,433
SAYING, "HERE'S SOMETHING THAT
266
00:09:32,433 --> 00:09:34,100
PRODUCES A STATE LIKE MENTAL
267
00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:34,767
ILLNESS.
268
00:09:34,767 --> 00:09:36,200
YOU CAN USE IT TO LEARN ABOUT
269
00:09:36,200 --> 00:09:37,800
IT, POSSIBLY USE IT AS A TOOL TO
270
00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:38,933
STUDY MENTAL ILLNESS."
271
00:09:38,933 --> 00:09:41,267
SO, SEROTONIN, WHICH PRINCIPALLY
272
00:09:41,267 --> 00:09:43,533
OCCURS IN THE GUT, WAS ISOLATED
273
00:09:43,533 --> 00:09:45,667
AND IDENTIFIED IN ABOUT 1948,
274
00:09:45,667 --> 00:09:47,433
ABOUT FIVE YEARS LATER.
275
00:09:47,433 --> 00:09:49,333
>> LSD, YOU KNOW, SHOWED
276
00:09:49,333 --> 00:09:51,767
TREMENDOUS PROMISE AND CONTINUED
277
00:09:51,767 --> 00:09:53,933
TO SHOW PROMISE AS A TOOL IN
278
00:09:53,933 --> 00:09:56,067
NEUROSCIENCE, AS A TOOL FOR
279
00:09:56,067 --> 00:09:59,133
UNDERSTANDING BRAIN FUNCTIONS.
280
00:09:59,367 --> 00:10:01,433
>> WILLIAM JAMES, THE FAMOUS
281
00:10:01,433 --> 00:10:03,533
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST, MADE A
282
00:10:03,533 --> 00:10:05,300
DISTINCTION BETWEEN TWO
283
00:10:05,300 --> 00:10:07,600
DIFFERENT KINDS OF WAYS BEHAVIOR
284
00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:08,400
CHANGED.
285
00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:09,800
AND HE TALKED ABOUT THE
286
00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:11,600
EDUCATIONAL VARIETY OF BEHAVIOR
287
00:10:11,600 --> 00:10:13,133
CHANGE, WHERE THINGS OCCUR
288
00:10:13,133 --> 00:10:14,967
INCREMENTALLY, WE LEARN THINGS.
289
00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,133
AND THAT'S HOW WE NORMALLY THINK
290
00:10:17,133 --> 00:10:18,567
ABOUT BEHAVIOR CHANGE.
291
00:10:18,567 --> 00:10:20,300
AND THEN HE SAID, YOU KNOW,
292
00:10:20,300 --> 00:10:22,200
THERE'S A DIFFERENT KIND OF WAY
293
00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:23,833
HUMAN BEHAVIOR CHANGES, AND
294
00:10:23,833 --> 00:10:25,633
THAT'S AN ALL-OR-NONE TYPE OF
295
00:10:25,633 --> 00:10:26,267
CHANGE.
296
00:10:26,267 --> 00:10:28,833
PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE USED VARIOUS
297
00:10:28,833 --> 00:10:31,200
TERMS TO DESCRIBE CONVERSION
298
00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:33,833
EXPERIENCES OR QUANTUM CHANGE OR
299
00:10:33,833 --> 00:10:36,333
EPIPHANIES TO KIND OF GRAB THE
300
00:10:36,333 --> 00:10:38,900
IDEA THAT THE HUMAN ORGANISM IS
301
00:10:38,900 --> 00:10:41,267
CAPABLE OF HAVING A PROFOUND
302
00:10:41,267 --> 00:10:43,900
SHIFT OF PERCEPTIONAL AWARENESS.
303
00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:45,967
>> OFTEN IN A PSYCHEDELIC
304
00:10:45,967 --> 00:10:48,367
SESSION, THERE IS A SENSE THAT
305
00:10:48,367 --> 00:10:50,600
THERE IS A PROCESS UNFOLDING
306
00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:52,467
THAT'S JUST INCREDIBLY
307
00:10:52,467 --> 00:10:55,200
WELL-CRAFTED, INCREDIBLY WISE.
308
00:10:55,433 --> 00:10:57,567
AND IT'S NOT COMING FROM THE
309
00:10:57,567 --> 00:10:59,700
PERSON WHO HAS INGESTED THE
310
00:10:59,700 --> 00:11:01,600
SUBSTANCE OR THE GUIDE.
311
00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,633
IT'S COMING FROM THE DEPTHS OF
312
00:11:04,633 --> 00:11:07,067
THE UNCONSCIOUS ITSELF.
313
00:11:07,067 --> 00:11:09,133
>> PEOPLE RECOGNIZE VERY OFTEN
314
00:11:09,133 --> 00:11:10,967
THE PAIN THAT THEY'VE BEEN
315
00:11:10,967 --> 00:11:12,833
RUNNING AWAY FROM ALL THEIR
316
00:11:12,833 --> 00:11:14,900
LIVES, BUT THEY ALSO RECOGNIZE
317
00:11:14,900 --> 00:11:17,100
THAT CENTRAL AND INDESTRUCTIBLE
318
00:11:17,100 --> 00:11:19,300
PART OF THEMSELVES THAT THEY'VE
319
00:11:19,300 --> 00:11:21,333
NEVER SEEN BEFORE, AT LEAST,
320
00:11:21,333 --> 00:11:23,000
THAT THEY'VE LOST TOUCH WITH.
321
00:11:23,233 --> 00:11:26,100
>> AND ULTIMATELY THAT ENTAILS
322
00:11:26,100 --> 00:11:28,400
FEELING DRAWN INTO THIS
323
00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,233
TRANSCENDENTAL, MYSTICAL REALM
324
00:11:31,233 --> 00:11:33,433
OF THE SELF BEYOND THE
325
00:11:33,433 --> 00:11:36,300
INDIVIDUAL HISTORICAL LIFE AND
326
00:11:36,300 --> 00:11:38,167
BEYOND THAT, TO THE PROFOUND
327
00:11:38,167 --> 00:11:40,067
UNITIVE STATES THAT THE HINDU
328
00:11:40,067 --> 00:11:41,767
WOULD CALL SAMADHI OR THE
329
00:11:41,767 --> 00:11:43,400
CHRISTIAN MIGHT CALL THE
330
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:45,433
BEATIFIC VISION OR A SUFI WOULD
331
00:11:45,433 --> 00:11:47,867
CALL FANA, THE PROFOUND
332
00:11:47,867 --> 00:11:50,133
AWARENESS AT THE VERY CORE OF
333
00:11:50,133 --> 00:11:52,500
THE MYSTERY OF WHAT WE ARE.
334
00:11:52,500 --> 00:11:54,833
>> I'M REMINDED OF A SLOGAN OR
335
00:11:54,833 --> 00:11:57,333
TWO I SAW SOME STUDENTS CARRYING
336
00:11:57,333 --> 00:11:58,000
ONCE.
337
00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:00,233
ONE SAID, "ALL WARS ARE CIVIL
338
00:12:00,233 --> 00:12:02,200
WARS BECAUSE ALL MEN ARE
339
00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:03,200
BROTHERS."
340
00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:03,767
>> RIGHT.
341
00:12:03,767 --> 00:12:05,167
>> ANOTHER ONE SAID, "THERE IS
342
00:12:05,167 --> 00:12:05,800
NO 'THEY.'"
343
00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:07,467
>> RIGHT. EXACTLY.
344
00:12:07,467 --> 00:12:09,367
AND THAT'S ONE OF THE COMPONENTS
345
00:12:09,367 --> 00:12:11,033
OF THE LSD EXPERIENCE -- THE
346
00:12:11,033 --> 00:12:12,833
UNDERSTANDING THAT THERE IS NO
347
00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:14,367
"THEY," THERE'S NO OTHER.
348
00:12:14,367 --> 00:12:16,533
IT IS ALL ONE.
349
00:12:26,333 --> 00:12:28,333
>> THIS MEMBER OF THE MUSHROOM
350
00:12:28,333 --> 00:12:30,467
FAMILY, THIS FUNGUS, IS, FOR THE
351
00:12:30,467 --> 00:12:32,233
MOMENT, KNOWN ONLY AS "X."
352
00:12:32,233 --> 00:12:33,733
IT WAS DISCOVERED BARELY WEEKS
353
00:12:33,733 --> 00:12:35,000
AGO, GROWING IN A REMOTE
354
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:36,667
RAINFOREST.
355
00:12:40,867 --> 00:12:42,533
SCIENCE HAS NOT YET GIVEN IT A
356
00:12:42,533 --> 00:12:44,867
NAME, FOR SCIENCE KNOWS SCARCELY
357
00:12:44,867 --> 00:12:46,300
ANYTHING ABOUT IT.
358
00:12:46,300 --> 00:12:48,667
BUT IT IS FELT THAT "X" MIGHT
359
00:12:48,667 --> 00:12:51,733
HAVE ONE REMARKABLE QUALITY --
360
00:12:51,733 --> 00:12:54,133
THAT IT STIMULATES EXTRASENSORY
361
00:12:54,133 --> 00:12:57,333
PERCEPTION, ENABLING THE MIND TO
362
00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:59,533
BECOME TELEPATHIC AND
363
00:12:59,533 --> 00:13:01,600
CLAIRVOYANT.
364
00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:03,733
NOW, THAT'S A RATHER LARGE
365
00:13:03,733 --> 00:13:04,500
CLAIM.
366
00:13:04,500 --> 00:13:06,200
IS IT TRUE OR FALSE?
367
00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:08,767
THE ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION TOOK
368
00:13:08,767 --> 00:13:10,900
US ON A UNIQUE AND DISTANT
369
00:13:10,900 --> 00:13:15,367
JOURNEY.
370
00:13:15,567 --> 00:13:17,567
>> WE SUDDENLY FOUND A WAY TO
371
00:13:17,567 --> 00:13:19,467
EXPLORE A CONTINENT THAT WE
372
00:13:19,467 --> 00:13:21,633
DIDN'T KNOW EXISTED AND NOT MANY
373
00:13:21,633 --> 00:13:23,467
OTHER PEOPLE KNEW EXISTED,
374
00:13:23,467 --> 00:13:24,300
EITHER.
375
00:13:24,533 --> 00:13:25,767
JUST LIKE MARCO POLO -- YOU
376
00:13:25,767 --> 00:13:27,067
KNOW, IN THE 14th CENTURY, HE
377
00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:28,300
WENT WITH HIS UNCLE AND HIS
378
00:13:28,300 --> 00:13:29,600
FATHER TO CHINA AND THEN CAME
379
00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:30,800
BACK AND SAID STORIES ABOUT
380
00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:32,067
CHINA, AND PEOPLE SAID, "OH,
381
00:13:32,067 --> 00:13:33,067
YOU'RE HALLUCINATING.
382
00:13:33,067 --> 00:13:34,300
[ Chuckling ] YOU'RE CRAZY.
383
00:13:34,300 --> 00:13:35,333
THERE'S NO SUCH THING.
384
00:13:35,333 --> 00:13:36,900
THERE'S NO SUCH PLACE, YOU KNOW.
385
00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:37,833
YOU MADE THAT UP.
386
00:13:37,833 --> 00:13:40,167
YOU'RE FANTASIZING."
387
00:13:40,167 --> 00:13:41,967
HE SAID, "NO, YOU CAN GO FOR
388
00:13:41,967 --> 00:13:42,767
YOURSELF."
389
00:13:42,767 --> 00:13:44,067
SO, WE SUDDENLY FOUND THAT
390
00:13:44,067 --> 00:13:45,600
THERE'S A SHIP THAT CAN TAKE YOU
391
00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:47,100
TO THIS OTHER CONTINENT THAT YOU
392
00:13:47,100 --> 00:13:48,600
DIDN'T KNOW EXISTED AND THERE'S
393
00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:50,033
ALL THESE AMAZING ANIMALS AND
394
00:13:50,033 --> 00:13:51,667
PEOPLE AND TREES AND PLANTS AND
395
00:13:51,667 --> 00:13:53,267
MOUNTAINS AND SITUATIONS GOING
396
00:13:53,267 --> 00:13:54,833
ON THAT YOU NEVER HEARD ABOUT
397
00:13:54,833 --> 00:13:56,400
BEFORE AND THAT, YOU KNOW, ARE
398
00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:57,933
INCREDIBLY INTERESTING, THAT
399
00:13:57,933 --> 00:13:59,467
HAVE ALL KINDS OF FASCINATING
400
00:13:59,467 --> 00:14:02,067
RELATIONSHIPS TO OUR OWN SELVES
401
00:14:02,067 --> 00:14:04,633
AND GIVE US INSIGHTS INTO WHO WE
402
00:14:04,633 --> 00:14:07,233
ARE IN A VERY INTERESTING WAY, A
403
00:14:07,233 --> 00:14:09,767
NOVEL AND PRODUCTIVE WAY.
404
00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:17,267
SO, WE WOULD TAKE PSILOCYBIN AND
405
00:14:17,267 --> 00:14:18,867
SIT AROUND IN A GROUP AND TALK
406
00:14:18,867 --> 00:14:19,733
TO EACH OTHER.
407
00:14:19,733 --> 00:14:21,300
NOW, LATER ON -- AND NOWADAYS,
408
00:14:21,300 --> 00:14:22,400
I WOULDN'T DO THAT.
409
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:24,067
I MEAN, THAT'S NOT A GOOD WAY TO
410
00:14:24,067 --> 00:14:24,567
DO IT.
411
00:14:24,567 --> 00:14:25,933
YOU MIGHT SIT IN A GROUP AND
412
00:14:25,933 --> 00:14:27,400
TAKE PSILOCYBIN, BUT YOU'D STOP
413
00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:27,933
TALKING, YOU SEE.
414
00:14:27,933 --> 00:14:30,167
IN PSYCHEDELIC THERAPY, YOU PUT
415
00:14:30,167 --> 00:14:32,567
YOUR EYESHADES ON AND LISTEN TO
416
00:14:32,567 --> 00:14:33,867
MUSIC AND PAY ATTENTION TO
417
00:14:33,867 --> 00:14:35,133
WHAT'S COMING THROUGH FROM
418
00:14:35,133 --> 00:14:35,633
WITHIN.
419
00:14:35,633 --> 00:14:36,867
OF COURSE, THEN YOU'D DO
420
00:14:36,867 --> 00:14:38,133
EXTERNAL TALK IN ORDER TO
421
00:14:38,133 --> 00:14:39,567
INTEGRATE AND UNDERSTAND YOUR
422
00:14:39,567 --> 00:14:40,833
EXPERIENCE AND BRING BACK
423
00:14:40,833 --> 00:14:41,567
TRANSLATION.
424
00:14:41,567 --> 00:14:43,033
THAT'S LIKE YOU COME BACK FROM
425
00:14:43,033 --> 00:14:44,433
THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY AND
426
00:14:44,433 --> 00:14:45,867
THEN YOU TALK TO OTHER PEOPLE
427
00:14:45,867 --> 00:14:47,267
WHO HAVE ALSO BEEN THERE AND
428
00:14:47,267 --> 00:14:48,600
SAY, "WELL, WHAT DID YOU FIND?
429
00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:49,667
AND WHAT DID YOU FIND?"
430
00:14:49,667 --> 00:14:50,800
AND MAYBE SOME PEOPLE ARE
431
00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:52,067
SPECIALISTS IN THE PLANTS AND
432
00:14:52,067 --> 00:14:53,467
OTHERS IN THE ANIMALS AND OTHERS
433
00:14:53,467 --> 00:14:54,767
IN THE PEOPLE AND THE CULTURE
434
00:14:54,767 --> 00:14:56,100
AND THE GEOGRAPHY AND SO FORTH,
435
00:14:56,100 --> 00:14:56,933
LIKE THAT.
436
00:14:56,933 --> 00:14:58,833
AND SO IT'S LIKE AN EXPEDITION.
437
00:14:58,833 --> 00:15:00,633
>> IN THE '60s, SOME PEOPLE USED
438
00:15:00,633 --> 00:15:02,533
MUSHROOMS FOR THE HALLUCINOGENIC
439
00:15:02,533 --> 00:15:03,167
EFFECTS.
440
00:15:03,167 --> 00:15:04,867
WELL, NOW THOSE SAME SO-CALLED
441
00:15:04,867 --> 00:15:06,567
MAGIC MUSHROOMS ARE BEING USED
442
00:15:06,567 --> 00:15:08,333
TO EASE THE PAIN AND ANXIETY OF
443
00:15:08,333 --> 00:15:10,167
OF CANCER PATIENTS.
444
00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:11,833
>> YOU KNOW, I THOUGHT THAT THE
445
00:15:11,833 --> 00:15:13,167
PEOPLE THAT WOULD COME TO US
446
00:15:13,167 --> 00:15:14,633
WOULD BE BIASED, THEY WOULD HAVE
447
00:15:14,633 --> 00:15:16,067
BEEN CHILDREN OF THE '60s, THEY
448
00:15:16,067 --> 00:15:17,500
WOULD HAVE DONE HALLUCINOGENS A
449
00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:18,833
LOT IN THEIR YOUTH, AND THEY
450
00:15:18,833 --> 00:15:20,100
WOULD HAVE BEEN LIKE GROOVY
451
00:15:20,100 --> 00:15:21,533
HIPPIES OR EX-HIPPIES THAT CAME
452
00:15:21,533 --> 00:15:23,033
TO US.
453
00:15:23,267 --> 00:15:24,867
THAT HAS NOT BEEN THE CASE OF
454
00:15:24,867 --> 00:15:26,600
THE PEOPLE WE'VE TREATED SO FAR,
455
00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:28,267
JUST SORT OF BRAVE INDIVIDUALS
456
00:15:28,267 --> 00:15:29,733
WHO HAVE ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF
457
00:15:29,733 --> 00:15:31,433
DISTRESS ASSOCIATED WITH HAVING
458
00:15:31,433 --> 00:15:33,033
CANCER, WHO WEREN'T BIASED IN
459
00:15:33,033 --> 00:15:34,333
ANY WAY BY THESE DRUGS.
460
00:15:34,333 --> 00:15:35,967
THEY JUST WERE LOOKING TO GET
461
00:15:35,967 --> 00:15:37,600
OUT OF THE SUFFERING THEY WERE
462
00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:38,433
IN.
463
00:15:38,667 --> 00:15:40,433
>> WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL IS TOLD
464
00:15:40,433 --> 00:15:42,100
THAT HE OR SHE HAS A LIMITED
465
00:15:42,100 --> 00:15:44,333
LIFE EXPECTANCY, IT IS VERY
466
00:15:44,333 --> 00:15:46,767
COMMON TO HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF
467
00:15:46,767 --> 00:15:49,133
ANXIETY ABOUT THE ANTICIPATED
468
00:15:49,133 --> 00:15:51,933
PAIN THAT MIGHT OCCUR AND
469
00:15:51,933 --> 00:15:53,433
ANXIETY ABOUT THE UNKNOWN.
470
00:15:53,667 --> 00:15:56,000
WHAT DOES THE PASSAGE TO DEATH
471
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:56,867
SIGNIFY?
472
00:15:56,867 --> 00:15:58,833
THERE'S ALSO OFTEN A GREAT DEAL
473
00:15:58,833 --> 00:16:00,833
OF APPREHENSION ABOUT WHAT WILL
474
00:16:00,833 --> 00:16:02,700
HAPPEN TO SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
475
00:16:02,700 --> 00:16:05,633
THAT WILL BE LEFT BEHIND.
476
00:16:05,633 --> 00:16:07,133
>> I WAS VERY SKEPTICAL AT
477
00:16:07,133 --> 00:16:07,667
FIRST.
478
00:16:07,667 --> 00:16:09,433
I WAS VERY WORRIED ABOUT TAKING
479
00:16:09,433 --> 00:16:11,200
PEOPLE WHO WERE DYING OF CANCER
480
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:13,000
AND WHO WERE ALREADY ANXIOUS AND
481
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:14,700
ABOUT MAKING THEM MORE ANXIOUS.
482
00:16:14,700 --> 00:16:16,300
I SPENT A LOT OF TIME LOOKING
483
00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:17,933
INTO THE SAFETY LITERATURE AND
484
00:16:17,933 --> 00:16:19,333
SPEAKING TO THE GROUPS AT
485
00:16:19,333 --> 00:16:20,767
JOHNS HOPKINS AND UCLA AND
486
00:16:20,767 --> 00:16:22,000
ACTUALLY HEARING SOME
487
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:23,633
TESTIMONIES OF FORMER PATIENTS
488
00:16:23,633 --> 00:16:25,333
AND EVEN SPEAKING TO SOME FORMER
489
00:16:25,333 --> 00:16:26,000
PATIENTS.
490
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:27,567
AND I BECAME MORE AND MORE
491
00:16:27,567 --> 00:16:29,433
REASSURED THAT THIS WAS SAFE AND
492
00:16:29,433 --> 00:16:31,133
THAT IF YOU SCREENED PATIENTS
493
00:16:31,133 --> 00:16:32,533
PROPERLY, THAT THIS WAS
494
00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:34,200
POTENTIALLY VERY BENEFICIAL.
495
00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:36,267
>> WE SAW A CONSIDERABLE
496
00:16:36,267 --> 00:16:38,900
INDICATION THAT THERE WAS BOTH A
497
00:16:38,900 --> 00:16:40,400
SHORT-TERM AND A
498
00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:43,000
SUSTAINED-OVER-TIME ALLEVIATION
499
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:44,867
OF ANXIETY, AND HERE WE'RE
500
00:16:44,867 --> 00:16:46,967
TALKING SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THE
501
00:16:46,967 --> 00:16:48,833
ANXIETY -- THE EXISTENTIAL
502
00:16:48,833 --> 00:16:50,867
ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR
503
00:16:50,867 --> 00:16:52,600
LIMITED LIFE EXPECTANCY.
504
00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:53,900
>> A NEW REPORT IN THE
505
00:16:53,900 --> 00:16:55,000
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
506
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:56,600
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
507
00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:58,367
SUGGESTS THAT THE KEY INGREDIENT
508
00:16:58,367 --> 00:16:59,600
IN MAGIC MUSHROOMS --
509
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:01,467
PSILOCYBIN -- MAY BE THE PERFECT
510
00:17:01,467 --> 00:17:02,733
AID FOR CERTAIN MENTAL
511
00:17:02,733 --> 00:17:03,467
DISORDERS.
512
00:17:03,467 --> 00:17:05,200
EARLY RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT
513
00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:06,667
PSILOCYBIN IS HELPFUL FOR
514
00:17:06,667 --> 00:17:08,367
TERMINALLY ILL CANCER PATIENTS
515
00:17:08,367 --> 00:17:09,767
DEALING WITH ANXIETY AND
516
00:17:09,767 --> 00:17:11,300
POSSIBLY PEOPLE WITH SEVERE
517
00:17:11,300 --> 00:17:14,567
FORMS OF DEPRESSION.
518
00:17:14,567 --> 00:17:16,467
>> THE GOOD FRIDAY EXPERIMENT
519
00:17:16,467 --> 00:17:18,533
WAS AN ATTEMPT TO TAKE THE TOOLS
520
00:17:18,533 --> 00:17:20,233
OF SCIENCE TO LOOK AT THIS
521
00:17:20,233 --> 00:17:22,200
QUESTION, CAN PSYCHEDELICS --
522
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:23,967
IN THIS CASE, PSILOCYBIN --
523
00:17:23,967 --> 00:17:25,867
CATALYZE A RELIGIOUS MYSTICAL
524
00:17:25,867 --> 00:17:29,433
EXPERIENCE?
525
00:17:29,433 --> 00:17:30,800
BECAUSE THESE PEOPLE WERE
526
00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:32,367
DIVINITY STUDENTS AT THE TIME,
527
00:17:32,367 --> 00:17:33,800
MOST OF THEM WERE MINISTERS
528
00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:35,300
AFTER ALL THESE YEARS.
529
00:17:35,533 --> 00:17:37,933
AND MANY OF THEM REPORTED THAT
530
00:17:37,933 --> 00:17:40,367
THEY HAD HAD NON-DRUG MYSTICAL
531
00:17:40,367 --> 00:17:42,833
EXPERIENCES IN THEIR LIFE AFTER
532
00:17:42,833 --> 00:17:44,500
THE GOOD FRIDAY EXPERIMENT.
533
00:17:44,733 --> 00:17:46,667
AND THAT GAVE THEM A POINT OF
534
00:17:46,667 --> 00:17:48,600
REFERENCE TO COMPARE TO THEIR
535
00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:49,800
DRUG EXPERIENCE.
536
00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:51,900
AND THESE PEOPLE COMPARED IT IN
537
00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:54,000
A WAY THAT IT WAS, AGAIN, EITHER
538
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:55,967
IDENTICAL OR VERY SIMILAR TO,
539
00:17:55,967 --> 00:17:57,933
BUT THEY DETERMINED, IN THEIR
540
00:17:57,933 --> 00:17:59,767
VIEW, THAT THEIR PSILOCYBIN
541
00:17:59,767 --> 00:18:01,500
EXPERIENCE WAS GENUINELY
542
00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:02,300
MYSTICAL.
543
00:18:02,300 --> 00:18:04,833
>> THE EXPERIENCE THAT DAY
544
00:18:04,833 --> 00:18:07,733
DEMONSTRATED TO ME THE REALITY
545
00:18:07,733 --> 00:18:10,433
OF GOD'S PRESENCE IN ALL THE
546
00:18:10,433 --> 00:18:16,200
WORLD AND IN ALL EXPERIENCE, IF
547
00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:18,767
OUR EYES ARE OPENED AND WE ARE
548
00:18:18,767 --> 00:18:21,300
ABLE TO PERCEIVE AND TAKE THAT
549
00:18:21,300 --> 00:18:21,900
IN.
550
00:18:21,900 --> 00:18:23,933
AND BY "EYES," I MEAN OUR
551
00:18:23,933 --> 00:18:26,167
SPIRITUAL INNER AWARENESSES.
552
00:18:26,167 --> 00:18:28,700
I WOULD SAY, YEAH, IT DID CHANGE
553
00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:29,567
MY LIFE.
554
00:18:29,567 --> 00:18:31,333
>> WHEN THEY STARTED TALKING
555
00:18:31,333 --> 00:18:33,200
ABOUT WHAT THE IMPLICATIONS OF
556
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:34,967
THAT EXPERIENCE HAD BEEN FOR
557
00:18:34,967 --> 00:18:36,567
THEIR LIFE, THAT'S WHEN I
558
00:18:36,567 --> 00:18:38,533
STARTED UNDERSTANDING WHAT TO ME
559
00:18:38,533 --> 00:18:40,533
FELT LIKE ONE OF THE KEYS TO THE
560
00:18:40,533 --> 00:18:41,967
1960s, TO THE CULTURAL
561
00:18:41,967 --> 00:18:43,467
REVOLUTION OF THE '60s.
562
00:18:43,467 --> 00:18:44,900
THEY FELT THAT THEY WERE
563
00:18:44,900 --> 00:18:46,467
MOTIVATED TO BE PART OF THE
564
00:18:46,467 --> 00:18:47,967
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE
565
00:18:47,967 --> 00:18:49,633
ANTIWAR MOVEMENT, THE WOMEN'S
566
00:18:49,633 --> 00:18:50,867
RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE
567
00:18:50,867 --> 00:18:52,533
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT.
568
00:18:52,767 --> 00:18:54,067
>> THE HIPPIES IN THE '60s --
569
00:18:54,067 --> 00:18:55,400
I MEAN, WE HAD A RACIAL BIAS A
570
00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:56,767
LOT OF PLACES, BUT THE HIPPIES
571
00:18:56,767 --> 00:18:58,167
WERE BLACK AND WHITE AND YELLOW
572
00:18:58,167 --> 00:18:59,467
AND EVERY OTHER COLOR BECAUSE
573
00:18:59,467 --> 00:19:00,800
THOSE BARRIERS CAME DOWN WHEN
574
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:02,367
PEOPLE TOOK PSYCHEDELICS.
575
00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:03,767
THOSE CULTURAL BARRIERS WERE
576
00:19:03,767 --> 00:19:05,067
GONE, AND THEY COULD SEE THROUGH
577
00:19:05,067 --> 00:19:05,433
THAT.
578
00:19:05,433 --> 00:19:06,633
THERE WAS A TRANSPARENCY, AND
579
00:19:06,633 --> 00:19:07,933
THEY SAID, "WELL, HE'S JUST LIKE
580
00:19:07,933 --> 00:19:08,233
ME.
581
00:19:08,233 --> 00:19:09,333
SHE'S JUST LIKE ME.
582
00:19:09,333 --> 00:19:10,900
WE'RE ALL PART OF THIS THING."
583
00:19:10,900 --> 00:19:12,200
AND IF THEY HAD MYSTICAL
584
00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:13,733
EXPERIENCES, IT WAS EVEN MORE
585
00:19:13,733 --> 00:19:15,333
PROFOUND BECAUSE THEY REALIZED
586
00:19:15,333 --> 00:19:16,667
EVERYTHING IS ALL A PART,
587
00:19:16,667 --> 00:19:17,900
EVERYTHING IS ALL ONE.
588
00:19:17,900 --> 00:19:20,833
>> WHEN YOU HAVE THIS UNITIVE
589
00:19:20,833 --> 00:19:23,700
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE, BECAUSE
590
00:19:23,700 --> 00:19:26,833
IT'S UNITIVE, YOU IDENTIFY WITH
591
00:19:26,833 --> 00:19:28,667
PEOPLE THAT YOU MIGHT NORMALLY
592
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:30,467
NOT, SO THAT THERE'S A DEEPER
593
00:19:30,467 --> 00:19:32,333
PART OF OURSELVES, DEEPER THAN
594
00:19:32,333 --> 00:19:34,100
OUR COUNTRY, DEEPER THAN OUR
595
00:19:34,100 --> 00:19:35,867
NATIONALITY, DEEPER THAN OUR
596
00:19:35,867 --> 00:19:37,467
RELIGION, DEEPER THAN OUR
597
00:19:37,467 --> 00:19:39,233
GENDER, DEEPER THAN OUR SKIN
598
00:19:39,233 --> 00:19:41,033
COLOR, DEEPER THAN OUR SEXUAL
599
00:19:41,033 --> 00:19:42,900
ORIENTATION, THAT THERE'S THIS
600
00:19:42,900 --> 00:19:44,567
CORE ELEMENT THAT BINDS US
601
00:19:44,567 --> 00:19:45,400
TOGETHER.
602
00:19:45,633 --> 00:19:47,333
>> A HALLMARK FEATURE TO THE
603
00:19:47,333 --> 00:19:49,067
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE IS ONE IN
604
00:19:49,067 --> 00:19:50,800
WHICH THERE'S JUST A SENSE OF
605
00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:52,533
THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF ALL
606
00:19:52,533 --> 00:19:54,367
PEOPLE AND THINGS, A SENSE THAT
607
00:19:54,367 --> 00:19:55,867
ALL IS ONE.
608
00:19:56,100 --> 00:19:58,167
AND THAT EXPERIENCE IS
609
00:19:58,167 --> 00:20:00,967
ACCOMPANIED BY THIS NOETIC SENSE
610
00:20:00,967 --> 00:20:03,367
THAT THE EXPERIENCE, AT ITS
611
00:20:03,367 --> 00:20:06,167
CORE, IS MORE REAL AND MORE TRUE
612
00:20:06,167 --> 00:20:08,067
THAN EVERYDAY WAKING
613
00:20:08,067 --> 00:20:13,400
CONSCIOUSNESS.
614
00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:14,633
>> LUCID DREAMING IS, YOU'RE
615
00:20:14,633 --> 00:20:15,967
DREAMING, BUT YOU'RE CONSCIOUS
616
00:20:15,967 --> 00:20:16,967
THAT YOU ARE DREAMING.
617
00:20:16,967 --> 00:20:18,200
SO, SUDDENLY YOU'RE HAVING A
618
00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:19,600
DREAM, AND YOU GO, "I'M HAVING A
619
00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:20,867
DREAM," AND YOU'RE AWARE THAT
620
00:20:20,867 --> 00:20:22,267
YOU'RE HAVING A DREAM WITHIN THE
621
00:20:22,267 --> 00:20:22,667
DREAM.
622
00:20:22,667 --> 00:20:24,267
PSYCHEDELICS HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED
623
00:20:24,267 --> 00:20:25,800
TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT LIKE THAT,
624
00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:26,967
AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE
625
00:20:26,967 --> 00:20:28,567
ELECTRICAL STATE OF THE BRAIN IN
626
00:20:28,567 --> 00:20:30,167
A WAKING, NORMAL PERSON, YOU SEE
627
00:20:30,167 --> 00:20:31,767
A LOT OF ACTIVITY IN THE FRONTAL
628
00:20:31,767 --> 00:20:33,300
CORTEX BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE ALL
629
00:20:33,300 --> 00:20:34,867
THE INFORMATION IS COMING IN TO
630
00:20:34,867 --> 00:20:35,633
BE PROCESSED.
631
00:20:35,633 --> 00:20:36,900
SO, WHEN PEOPLE TAKE A
632
00:20:36,900 --> 00:20:38,333
PSYCHEDELIC AND HAVE THAT
633
00:20:38,333 --> 00:20:39,667
MYSTICAL, TRANSCENDENT
634
00:20:39,667 --> 00:20:41,333
EXPERIENCE, THE BRAIN IS STILL
635
00:20:41,333 --> 00:20:42,967
FUNCTIONING AND CONSCIOUS, BUT
636
00:20:42,967 --> 00:20:44,667
IT'S GETTING NO DATA FROM YOUR
637
00:20:44,667 --> 00:20:46,067
FEELING TOUCH, THE BODY.
638
00:20:46,067 --> 00:20:47,100
THE BODY'S GONE.
639
00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:48,600
SO NOW YOU JUST HAVE THIS,
640
00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:50,300
BASICALLY, PURE CONSCIOUSNESS.
641
00:20:50,300 --> 00:20:51,600
SO, WHAT HAPPENS THEN?
642
00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:52,767
YEAH, I DON'T KNOW.
643
00:20:52,767 --> 00:20:54,200
[ CHUCKLES ]
644
00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:55,600
YOU KNOW, I THINK IT'S
645
00:20:55,600 --> 00:20:57,267
INCREDIBLY INTERESTING.
646
00:20:57,500 --> 00:21:01,133
>> WE STILL DON'T KNOW.
647
00:21:01,133 --> 00:21:03,600
AND THESE DRUGS ARE THE TOOLS
648
00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:06,267
THAT WILL ENABLE US TO FIGURE IT
649
00:21:06,267 --> 00:21:07,300
OUT.
650
00:21:07,533 --> 00:21:09,400
>> WE'VE ASKED THE QUESTION,
651
00:21:09,400 --> 00:21:11,467
WHERE DOES IT WORK IN THE BRAIN
652
00:21:11,467 --> 00:21:13,033
TO PRODUCE ITS EFFECTS?
653
00:21:13,033 --> 00:21:14,733
AND HOW DO THE CHANGES IT
654
00:21:14,733 --> 00:21:16,633
PRODUCES IN THE BRAIN LEAD TO
655
00:21:16,633 --> 00:21:18,567
THESE REMARKABLE EXPERIENCES,
656
00:21:18,567 --> 00:21:20,233
BOTH OF ALTERATIONS IN
657
00:21:20,233 --> 00:21:22,467
SENSATION, BUT ALSO ALTERATIONS
658
00:21:22,467 --> 00:21:24,667
IN FEELING AND EMOTION AND THIS
659
00:21:24,667 --> 00:21:26,900
SENSE OF BEING MORE AT ONE WITH
660
00:21:26,900 --> 00:21:28,567
THE UNIVERSE?
661
00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:30,633
AND WHAT WE FOUND WAS COMPLETELY
662
00:21:30,633 --> 00:21:32,167
SURPRISING AND EXACTLY THE
663
00:21:32,167 --> 00:21:33,833
OPPOSITE OF WHAT WE PREDICTED
664
00:21:33,833 --> 00:21:35,667
BECAUSE WE FOUND THAT PSILOCYBIN
665
00:21:35,667 --> 00:21:37,533
TURNED OFF BLOOD FLOW IN KEY
666
00:21:37,533 --> 00:21:39,567
PARTS OF THE BRAIN, SUCH AS THE
667
00:21:39,567 --> 00:21:41,567
PREFRONTAL CORTEX, THE SORT OF
668
00:21:41,567 --> 00:21:43,267
POSTERIOR CORTEX, AND THE
669
00:21:43,267 --> 00:21:44,167
THALAMUS.
670
00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:46,467
AND WHEN YOU LOOK AT THOSE PARTS
671
00:21:46,467 --> 00:21:48,433
OF THE BRAIN, YOU REALIZE THAT
672
00:21:48,433 --> 00:21:50,400
THEY ACTUALLY ARE THE PARTS OF
673
00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:52,200
THE BRAIN WHICH CONTROL AND
674
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,167
INTEGRATE THE WAY IN WHICH THE
675
00:21:54,167 --> 00:21:56,033
BRAIN PROCESSES INFORMATION.
676
00:21:56,033 --> 00:21:57,867
THEY'RE THE KIND OF GATEKEEPER
677
00:21:57,867 --> 00:21:59,400
REGIONS, THE NODES WHICH
678
00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:01,400
REGULATE WHAT YOU DO AND HOW YOU
679
00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:01,933
FEEL.
680
00:22:01,933 --> 00:22:03,667
AND BY SWITCHING THOSE OFF, WE
681
00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:05,533
KIND OF LIBERATE THE REST OF THE
682
00:22:05,533 --> 00:22:07,233
BRAIN SO THAT IT CAN DO OTHER
683
00:22:07,233 --> 00:22:08,967
THINGS, AND THAT'S WHY YOU GET
684
00:22:08,967 --> 00:22:12,700
THE EXPANSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
685
00:22:12,700 --> 00:22:14,900
>> THE CORE OF WHAT WE FOUND IN
686
00:22:14,900 --> 00:22:16,567
OUR STUDIES IN HEALTHY
687
00:22:16,567 --> 00:22:18,667
VOLUNTEERS AT JOHNS HOPKINS IS
688
00:22:18,667 --> 00:22:20,567
THAT THERE IS THIS QUANTUM
689
00:22:20,567 --> 00:22:22,833
CHANGE, IF YOU WILL, IN TERMS OF
690
00:22:22,833 --> 00:22:25,033
PERCEPTION OF LIFE AND SELF AND
691
00:22:25,033 --> 00:22:26,733
ATTITUDES AND MOODS AND
692
00:22:26,733 --> 00:22:27,600
BEHAVIOR.
693
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:29,633
MOST PEOPLE ARE STILL ENDORSING
694
00:22:29,633 --> 00:22:31,567
THAT THIS EXPERIENCE IS AMONG
695
00:22:31,567 --> 00:22:33,567
THE MOST PERSONALLY MEANINGFUL
696
00:22:33,567 --> 00:22:35,400
AND SPIRITUALLY SIGNIFICANT
697
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:37,200
EXPERIENCES OF THEIR ENTIRE
698
00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:37,833
LIVES.
699
00:22:37,833 --> 00:22:40,200
>> SO, WE CAN NOW ACTUALLY STUDY
700
00:22:40,200 --> 00:22:42,400
THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE -- OR
701
00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:44,533
"TRANSCENDENT EXPERIENCE" IS
702
00:22:44,533 --> 00:22:46,567
MAYBE A BETTER TERM FOR IT,
703
00:22:46,567 --> 00:22:48,967
TRANSPERSONAL EXPERIENCE -- WITH
704
00:22:48,967 --> 00:22:51,100
PHARMACOLOGICAL TOOLS, USING
705
00:22:51,100 --> 00:22:52,500
SCIENTIFIC TOOLS.
706
00:22:52,500 --> 00:22:53,933
I THINK THAT'S A HUGE
707
00:22:53,933 --> 00:22:55,867
ACCOMPLISHMENT AND A HUGE SORT
708
00:22:55,867 --> 00:22:57,600
OF BREAK FROM THE WAY IT'S
709
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,100
ALWAYS BEEN.
710
00:22:59,333 --> 00:23:03,633
>> WE'RE JUST RELEARNING HOW TO
711
00:23:03,633 --> 00:23:06,933
LET IT BE OKAY TO CALL THESE
712
00:23:06,933 --> 00:23:08,800
THINGS REAL, TO CALL THESE
713
00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:10,333
PRACTICES REAL AGAIN.
714
00:23:10,567 --> 00:23:12,467
>> SEEING THAT THESE KINDS OF
715
00:23:12,467 --> 00:23:14,367
EXPERIENCES CAN BE OCCASIONED
716
00:23:14,367 --> 00:23:16,100
AND THAT THEY'RE PRODUCING
717
00:23:16,100 --> 00:23:17,700
REPORTS OF LONG-LASTING
718
00:23:17,700 --> 00:23:19,767
ATTRIBUTIONS OF PERSONAL MEANING
719
00:23:19,767 --> 00:23:21,833
AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE
720
00:23:21,833 --> 00:23:26,867
REALLY GOT MY ATTENTION.
721
00:23:26,867 --> 00:23:28,667
>> I WAS DIAGNOSED TO HAVE
722
00:23:28,667 --> 00:23:30,567
TERMINAL CANCER A FEW MONTHS
723
00:23:30,567 --> 00:23:32,700
AGO, AND NATURALLY THERE'S A LOT
724
00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:34,567
OF FEAR AND ANGER AND PAIN,
725
00:23:34,567 --> 00:23:36,600
EMOTIONAL PAIN, THAT SURROUNDS
726
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:38,033
SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
727
00:23:38,033 --> 00:23:40,633
IT HAS ALLOWED ME TO OPEN UP AND
728
00:23:40,633 --> 00:23:42,800
HAVE COMMUNICATION WITH MY
729
00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:45,167
FAMILY THAT I NEVER HAVE BEEN
730
00:23:45,167 --> 00:23:47,867
ABLE TO HAVE BEFORE.
731
00:23:47,867 --> 00:23:50,000
>> THIS MORNING, THE DRUG
732
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:52,400
ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION IS
733
00:23:52,400 --> 00:23:54,667
ANNOUNCING ITS INTENTION TO
734
00:23:54,667 --> 00:23:57,233
PLACE THE DRUG KNOWN AS MDMA --
735
00:23:57,233 --> 00:23:59,867
OR BY THE STREET NAME ECSTASY --
736
00:23:59,867 --> 00:24:01,600
UNDER EMERGENCY CONTROLS AND
737
00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:04,900
SCHEDULE 1.
738
00:24:05,133 --> 00:24:06,900
>> THERE WERE TRIALS WHERE A
739
00:24:06,900 --> 00:24:08,833
D.E.A. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE
740
00:24:08,833 --> 00:24:10,400
HEARD HOURS AND HOURS OF
741
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:12,333
TESTIMONY AND MADE THE DECISION
742
00:24:12,333 --> 00:24:14,167
THAT SCHEDULE 3 MADE THE MOST
743
00:24:14,167 --> 00:24:15,100
SENSE.
744
00:24:15,333 --> 00:24:16,467
IT WOULD BE A PRESCRIPTION
745
00:24:16,467 --> 00:24:17,700
MEDICINE AND THERE WOULD BE A
746
00:24:17,700 --> 00:24:18,967
LOT OF RESTRICTIONS ON IT, BUT
747
00:24:18,967 --> 00:24:20,333
IT WOULD BE MUCH, MUCH EASIER TO
748
00:24:20,333 --> 00:24:21,567
DO CLINICAL RESEARCH WITH IT.
749
00:24:21,567 --> 00:24:23,267
BUT THE D.E.A. DID NOT TAKE ITS
750
00:24:23,267 --> 00:24:24,900
OWN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE'S
751
00:24:24,900 --> 00:24:26,467
RECOMMENDATION, AND THEY WENT
752
00:24:26,467 --> 00:24:27,700
AHEAD AND PUT MDMA IN
753
00:24:27,700 --> 00:24:28,533
SCHEDULE 1.
754
00:24:28,767 --> 00:24:29,733
AND, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S
755
00:24:29,733 --> 00:24:31,000
INTERESTING IS MDMA's BEEN IN
756
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:32,367
SCHEDULE 1 FOR 25 YEARS NOW, AND
757
00:24:32,367 --> 00:24:33,700
IT'S, YOU KNOW, JUST AS EASY TO
758
00:24:33,700 --> 00:24:34,933
GET AS IT'S EVER BEEN, IF NOT
759
00:24:34,933 --> 00:24:35,300
MORE.
760
00:24:35,300 --> 00:24:36,467
I MEAN, IT'S BECOME A VERY
761
00:24:36,467 --> 00:24:37,967
POPULAR DRUG OF ABUSE.
762
00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:39,600
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE
763
00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:40,900
WORLD ARE TAKING THIS DRUG
764
00:24:40,900 --> 00:24:41,733
RECREATIONALLY.
765
00:24:41,733 --> 00:24:43,167
I MEAN, ONE THING THAT YOU SEE
766
00:24:43,167 --> 00:24:44,667
IS THAT WHEN YOU'RE TAKING SORT
767
00:24:44,667 --> 00:24:46,100
OF A KNOWN QUANTITY OF A KNOWN
768
00:24:46,100 --> 00:24:47,567
SUBSTANCE IN A MEDICAL SETTING
769
00:24:47,567 --> 00:24:49,000
OR A THERAPEUTIC SETTING, IT'S
770
00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:49,633
VERY SAFE.
771
00:24:49,633 --> 00:24:51,300
BECAUSE THIS DRUG IS ILLEGAL,
772
00:24:51,300 --> 00:24:53,100
WHEN SOMEBODY BUYS ECSTASY, THEY
773
00:24:53,100 --> 00:24:54,700
MAY BE GETTING MDMA, OR THEY
774
00:24:54,700 --> 00:24:56,400
COULD BE GETTING ANY NUMBER OF
775
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:58,100
CHEMICALS THAT ARE NOT BAD FOR
776
00:24:58,100 --> 00:24:59,700
YOU OR HORRIBLY BAD FOR YOU.
777
00:24:59,700 --> 00:25:01,500
BECAUSE OF PROHIBITION, THE
778
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:03,400
ISSUE OF DRUG SUBSTITUTION AND
779
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:05,167
COUNTERFEIT PILLS AND THINGS
780
00:25:05,167 --> 00:25:06,833
LIKE THAT IS VERY MUCH AN ISSUE.
781
00:25:07,067 --> 00:25:09,033
>> THAT'S ONE OF THE PROBLEMS
782
00:25:09,033 --> 00:25:10,633
WITH THE WAY DRUGS ARE
783
00:25:10,633 --> 00:25:12,633
APPROACHED IN THIS SOCIETY --
784
00:25:12,633 --> 00:25:14,567
KIDS DON'T LEARN ABOUT USING
785
00:25:14,567 --> 00:25:16,700
THESE THINGS IN A SAFE AND WISE
786
00:25:16,700 --> 00:25:20,733
WAY.
787
00:25:20,967 --> 00:25:22,433
>> WHEN MDMA FIRST CAME INTO
788
00:25:22,433 --> 00:25:24,100
PUBLIC AWARENESS, THE GOVERNMENT
789
00:25:24,100 --> 00:25:25,433
OFFICIALS WERE CALLING IT
790
00:25:25,433 --> 00:25:26,633
ANOTHER HALLUCINOGENIC
791
00:25:26,633 --> 00:25:27,400
AMPHETAMINE.
792
00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:29,033
AND I KNEW A LOT ABOUT WHAT THE
793
00:25:29,033 --> 00:25:30,467
STRUCTURES OF HALLUCINOGENIC
794
00:25:30,467 --> 00:25:32,067
AMPHETAMINES LOOKED LIKE, AND I
795
00:25:32,067 --> 00:25:33,500
THOUGHT, THAT DOESN'T MAKE
796
00:25:33,500 --> 00:25:34,567
SENSE THAT THAT'S A
797
00:25:34,567 --> 00:25:35,400
HALLUCINOGEN.
798
00:25:35,633 --> 00:25:37,433
MY LABORATORY ACTUALLY PUBLISHED
799
00:25:37,433 --> 00:25:39,100
THE FIRST BIOCHEMICAL WORK ON
800
00:25:39,100 --> 00:25:40,867
MDMA IN 1982, BEFORE ANYONE EVEN
801
00:25:40,867 --> 00:25:42,600
CALLED IT ECSTASY OR KNEW WHAT
802
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:43,133
IT WAS.
803
00:25:43,133 --> 00:25:44,400
WE SHOWED THAT IT RELEASED
804
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:45,033
SEROTONIN.
805
00:25:45,033 --> 00:25:46,300
AMPHETAMINES THEMSELVES --
806
00:25:46,300 --> 00:25:47,100
AMPHETAMINE OR
807
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:48,367
METHAMPHETAMINE -- RELEASE
808
00:25:48,367 --> 00:25:49,600
PRINCIPALLY A DOPAMINE, A
809
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:51,067
TRANSMITTER CALLED DOPAMINE --
810
00:25:51,067 --> 00:25:52,500
AND ALSO NOREPINEPHRINE -- BUT
811
00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:54,033
ALSO RELEASE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF
812
00:25:54,033 --> 00:25:55,367
SEROTONIN.
813
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,467
MDMA HAS MOSTLY ITS EFFECT ON
814
00:25:57,467 --> 00:25:58,267
SEROTONIN.
815
00:25:58,267 --> 00:26:00,267
IT RELEASES SEROTONIN, BUT ALSO
816
00:26:00,267 --> 00:26:02,333
RELEASES NOREPINEPHRINE AND ALSO
817
00:26:02,333 --> 00:26:03,600
RELEASES DOPAMINE.
818
00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:04,933
SO, IN SOME RESPECTS, IT'S
819
00:26:04,933 --> 00:26:06,433
WORKING LIKE METHAMPHETAMINE,
820
00:26:06,433 --> 00:26:07,833
BUT THE PROFILE IS SOMEWHAT
821
00:26:07,833 --> 00:26:08,433
REVERSED.
822
00:26:08,433 --> 00:26:10,367
>> MDMA IS NOT A HALLUCINOGEN.
823
00:26:10,367 --> 00:26:11,833
IT REALLY IS UNIQUE IN
824
00:26:11,833 --> 00:26:12,700
PSYCHIATRY.
825
00:26:12,700 --> 00:26:14,633
THERE'S NO OTHER DRUG LIKE IT.
826
00:26:14,633 --> 00:26:16,200
BECAUSE IT IS THIS MASSIVE
827
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:18,033
SEROTONIN AGONIST, IT BASICALLY
828
00:26:18,033 --> 00:26:19,900
FLOODS THE SYNAPSE OR FLOODS THE
829
00:26:19,900 --> 00:26:21,233
BRAIN WITH SEROTONIN.
830
00:26:21,233 --> 00:26:22,467
IT'S ALMOST LIKE AN
831
00:26:22,467 --> 00:26:24,333
IMMEDIATE-ACTING ANTIDEPRESSANT
832
00:26:24,333 --> 00:26:25,767
OR AN IMMEDIATE-ACTING
833
00:26:25,767 --> 00:26:27,100
ANTIANXIETY MEDICINE.
834
00:26:27,100 --> 00:26:28,200
THEY'RE CALLED ANXIOLYTICS.
835
00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:29,500
SOMETHING THAT DECREASES ANXIETY
836
00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:30,267
IS AN ANXIOLYTIC.
837
00:26:30,267 --> 00:26:31,800
AND IN PSYCHIATRY, ALL THE
838
00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:33,300
ANXIOLYTICS ARE SEDATING.
839
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:34,700
SO, THERE IS NO
840
00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:37,167
IMMEDIATE-ACTING, NON-SEDATING
841
00:26:37,167 --> 00:26:39,267
ANXIOLYTIC IN PSYCHIATRY.
842
00:26:39,267 --> 00:26:41,133
BUT MDMA IS AN IMMEDIATE-ACTING,
843
00:26:41,133 --> 00:26:45,067
NON-SEDATING ANXIOLYTIC.
844
00:26:45,067 --> 00:26:47,033
30, 45 MINUTES AFTER SOMEBODY
845
00:26:47,033 --> 00:26:49,033
TAKES MDMA, MOST PEOPLE BECOME
846
00:26:49,033 --> 00:26:50,833
VERY RELAXED AND HAPPY AND
847
00:26:50,833 --> 00:26:51,533
CONTENT.
848
00:26:51,533 --> 00:26:53,333
THEY'RE ALSO AWAKE, ALERT,
849
00:26:53,333 --> 00:26:55,400
COMPLETELY CONSCIOUS, COGNIZANT
850
00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:57,433
OF EVERYTHING THAT'S GOING ON.
851
00:26:57,433 --> 00:26:59,367
THEY HAVE ENHANCED MEMORY FOR
852
00:26:59,367 --> 00:27:01,567
THE EXPERIENCE, AND THERE'S ALSO
853
00:27:01,567 --> 00:27:03,300
ENHANCED MEMORY FOR EARLY
854
00:27:03,300 --> 00:27:04,633
REPRESSED TRAUMAS.
855
00:27:04,633 --> 00:27:06,000
SO, IT'S PARTICULARLY
856
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:07,933
WELL-SUITED TO PSYCHOTHERAPY, TO
857
00:27:07,933 --> 00:27:09,233
BEING A CATALYST FOR
858
00:27:09,233 --> 00:27:10,233
PSYCHOTHERAPY.
859
00:27:10,233 --> 00:27:11,667
>> WE SEE IT RIGHT NOW FOR
860
00:27:11,667 --> 00:27:13,333
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER,
861
00:27:13,333 --> 00:27:14,933
FOR VETERANS COMING BACK FROM
862
00:27:14,933 --> 00:27:16,133
AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ.
863
00:27:16,133 --> 00:27:17,667
THERE'S A GREAT NEED FOR
864
00:27:17,667 --> 00:27:19,367
TREATMENTS THAT THE CURRENT
865
00:27:19,367 --> 00:27:20,933
MEDICATIONS, THE CURRENT
866
00:27:20,933 --> 00:27:22,567
PSYCHOTHERAPIES, ONLY WORK
867
00:27:22,567 --> 00:27:24,233
PARTIALLY AND ONLY WORK ON
868
00:27:24,233 --> 00:27:25,367
CERTAIN SUBJECTS.
869
00:27:25,367 --> 00:27:27,867
SO, THE NEED IS GROWING FOR THE
870
00:27:27,867 --> 00:27:33,033
PSYCHEDELIC MEDICINES.
871
00:27:33,033 --> 00:27:34,900
>> ONE OF THE PROBLEMS WITH
872
00:27:34,900 --> 00:27:36,867
TREATING PTSD IS THAT PEOPLE
873
00:27:36,867 --> 00:27:38,967
EITHER HAVE TOO MUCH ANXIETY OR
874
00:27:38,967 --> 00:27:40,967
TOO MUCH EMOTIONAL NUMBING IN
875
00:27:40,967 --> 00:27:43,100
ORDER TO BE ABLE TO REVISIT THE
876
00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:45,033
TRAUMA IN A THERAPEUTIC WAY.
877
00:27:45,033 --> 00:27:47,533
AND WHAT MDMA SEEMS TO DO IS TO
878
00:27:47,533 --> 00:27:50,133
ALLOW PEOPLE TO FACE THEIR FEARS
879
00:27:50,133 --> 00:27:52,567
WITHOUT BEING OVERWHELMED, BUT
880
00:27:52,567 --> 00:27:54,400
YET HAVE AN EMOTIONAL
881
00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:59,333
CONNECTION.
882
00:27:59,333 --> 00:28:01,200
WE JUST RECENTLY COMPLETED
883
00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:02,900
WHAT'S CALLED A PHASE II
884
00:28:02,900 --> 00:28:05,033
CLINICAL TRIAL OF MDMA-ASSISTED
885
00:28:05,033 --> 00:28:06,900
THERAPY, PSYCHOTHERAPY, FOR
886
00:28:06,900 --> 00:28:08,300
TREATMENT-RESISTANT
887
00:28:08,300 --> 00:28:10,433
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER.
888
00:28:10,433 --> 00:28:12,733
WE WOULD ENCOURAGE THEM TO SPEND
889
00:28:12,733 --> 00:28:14,733
A GOOD BIT TIME OF THE TIME
890
00:28:14,733 --> 00:28:16,567
FOCUSING INWARD, WITHOUT
891
00:28:16,567 --> 00:28:17,367
TALKING.
892
00:28:17,367 --> 00:28:19,400
AND WE HAD HEADPHONES WITH A
893
00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:21,600
PROGRAM OF MUSIC AND EYESHADES.
894
00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:23,167
WE HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH
895
00:28:23,167 --> 00:28:25,067
EVERYONE THAT IF NOTHING ABOUT
896
00:28:25,067 --> 00:28:26,900
THEIR TRAUMA CAME UP, THEN WE
897
00:28:26,900 --> 00:28:28,867
COULD BRING IT UP, BUT WE NEVER
898
00:28:28,867 --> 00:28:29,933
HAD TO DO THAT.
899
00:28:29,933 --> 00:28:31,767
IT ALWAYS CAME UP SPONTANEOUSLY,
900
00:28:31,767 --> 00:28:33,533
BUT NOT NECESSARILY RIGHT AWAY.
901
00:28:33,533 --> 00:28:35,567
WE ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO BE OPEN
902
00:28:35,567 --> 00:28:37,567
TO THE IDEA THAT KIND OF THEIR
903
00:28:37,567 --> 00:28:39,700
OWN INNER HEALING, INTELLIGENCE,
904
00:28:39,700 --> 00:28:41,767
WOULD BRING WHATEVER EXPERIENCE
905
00:28:41,767 --> 00:28:42,900
NEEDED TO COME.
906
00:28:42,900 --> 00:28:45,000
IT SEEMS THAT MDMA HELPS PEOPLE
907
00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:46,667
STAY IN WHAT'S CALLED AN
908
00:28:46,667 --> 00:28:49,500
OPTIMAL AROUSAL ZONE.
909
00:28:49,500 --> 00:28:51,300
>> SO, ONE OTHER UNIQUE THING
910
00:28:51,300 --> 00:28:53,167
ABOUT MDMA IS THAT IT INDUCES,
911
00:28:53,167 --> 00:28:55,100
IN MOST PEOPLE, SORT OF A HEART
912
00:28:55,100 --> 00:28:56,533
OPENING AND A SENSE OF
913
00:28:56,533 --> 00:28:58,400
CONNECTEDNESS AND EMPATHY WITH
914
00:28:58,400 --> 00:28:59,367
OTHER PEOPLE.
915
00:28:59,367 --> 00:29:01,567
THAT MAY BE BECAUSE IT ENHANCES
916
00:29:01,567 --> 00:29:03,767
OXYTOCIN RELEASE IN THE BRAIN, A
917
00:29:03,767 --> 00:29:05,767
HORMONE THAT IS INVOLVED WITH
918
00:29:05,767 --> 00:29:06,533
BONDING.
919
00:29:06,533 --> 00:29:08,433
SO, I SUPPOSE, IN A WORLD WHERE
920
00:29:08,433 --> 00:29:10,167
MORE PEOPLE WERE UNDERGOING
921
00:29:10,167 --> 00:29:12,200
MDMA-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY, YOU
922
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:14,133
WOULD HAVE MORE PEOPLE WHO WERE
923
00:29:14,133 --> 00:29:15,833
HAPPY AND RELAXED AND MORE
924
00:29:15,833 --> 00:29:17,600
TRUSTING OF OTHER PEOPLE AND
925
00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:19,500
MORE CARING AND MORE EMPATHIC.
926
00:29:19,500 --> 00:29:22,467
>> MY TAKE ON IT IN GENERAL IS
927
00:29:22,467 --> 00:29:25,600
THAT IT SOMEHOW ALLOWS ACCESS TO
928
00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:27,967
AN EXPERIENCE THAT IS A
929
00:29:27,967 --> 00:29:30,933
FUNDAMENTAL, INHERENT CAPACITY
930
00:29:30,933 --> 00:29:32,800
THAT PEOPLE HAVE.
931
00:29:32,800 --> 00:29:35,200
PEOPLE SEEM TO HAVE MORE EMPATHY
932
00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:37,467
FOR OTHERS AND FOR THEMSELVES.
933
00:29:37,467 --> 00:29:39,600
IT SEEMS AS IF IT REMOVES THE
934
00:29:39,600 --> 00:29:41,600
OBSTACLES TO ACCESSING THAT
935
00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:43,667
SENSE OF EMPATHY.
936
00:29:43,867 --> 00:29:45,633
>> IN THE OLD TIME, YOU COULD GO
937
00:29:45,633 --> 00:29:47,367
FOR 10 YEARS FOR MEDITATION, AND
938
00:29:47,367 --> 00:29:49,067
THEN ONCE, IF YOU WERE LUCKY ON
939
00:29:49,067 --> 00:29:50,833
THE WAY, YOU WOULD REALIZE, "AH,
940
00:29:50,833 --> 00:29:52,333
THAT'S WHAT JESUS OR BUDDHA
941
00:29:52,333 --> 00:29:53,167
MEANT."
942
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:56,067
NOW YOU CAN DO IT IN SIX HOURS,
943
00:29:56,067 --> 00:29:57,267
IN ECSTASY.
944
00:29:57,267 --> 00:29:59,400
IT WILL NOT KEEP, BUT YOU GET
945
00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:00,500
THE INSIGHT.
946
00:30:00,500 --> 00:30:02,833
AND IF THEN YOU ARE SERIOUS, YOU
947
00:30:02,833 --> 00:30:04,833
CAN START TO WORK WITH THAT
948
00:30:04,833 --> 00:30:05,667
INSIGHT.
949
00:30:05,667 --> 00:30:08,367
BUT FIRST THE DOOR HAS TO OPEN.
950
00:30:08,367 --> 00:30:10,033
>> IT WOULD NOT BE THE BEST USE
951
00:30:10,033 --> 00:30:11,533
OF IT IF PEOPLE GET THE IDEA
952
00:30:11,533 --> 00:30:13,133
THAT THE ONLY WAY YOU CAN FEEL
953
00:30:13,133 --> 00:30:14,567
BETTER IS TO TAKE THE DRUG
954
00:30:14,567 --> 00:30:15,067
AGAIN.
955
00:30:15,067 --> 00:30:17,000
I THINK THAT GETS INTO A PATTERN
956
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:18,233
THAT'S NOT USEFUL.
957
00:30:18,233 --> 00:30:20,600
>> PSYCHEDELIC IS A BEAUTIFUL
958
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:23,033
HELP TO OPEN THE DOOR, AS LONG
959
00:30:23,033 --> 00:30:25,633
AS YOU ARE READY TO ACCEPT IT IS
960
00:30:25,633 --> 00:30:27,167
NOT THE SOLUTION.
961
00:30:27,167 --> 00:30:28,367
>> IT'S AN INTERESTING COMPOUND,
962
00:30:28,367 --> 00:30:29,467
AND WE NEED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT
963
00:30:29,467 --> 00:30:29,733
IT.
964
00:30:29,733 --> 00:30:30,900
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE RISKS
965
00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:32,000
AND BENEFITS, AND THE ONLY WAY
966
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:33,133
YOU'RE REALLY GONNA UNDERSTAND
967
00:30:33,133 --> 00:30:35,133
IT IS TO DO CLINICAL RESEARCH.
968
00:30:44,067 --> 00:30:45,933
>> MARIJUANA, THE DRIED LEAVES
969
00:30:45,933 --> 00:30:47,800
AND FLOWERS OF THE INDIAN HEMP
970
00:30:47,800 --> 00:30:49,767
WEED, IS USED IN THE FORM OF THE
971
00:30:49,767 --> 00:30:50,533
CIGARETTE.
972
00:30:50,533 --> 00:30:52,500
MARIJUANA SMOKING, EXPERTS POINT
973
00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:54,433
OUT, CAN MAKE A HELPLESS ADDICT
974
00:30:54,433 --> 00:30:56,133
OF ITS VICTIM WITHIN WEEKS,
975
00:30:56,133 --> 00:30:58,067
CAUSING PHYSICAL AND MORAL RUIN
976
00:30:58,067 --> 00:31:01,133
AND DEATH.
977
00:31:01,133 --> 00:31:04,367
SHOULD YOU EVER BE CONFRONTED
978
00:31:04,367 --> 00:31:06,567
WITH THE TEMPTATION OF TAKING
979
00:31:06,567 --> 00:31:08,800
THAT FIRST PUFF OF A MARIJUANA
980
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:12,600
CIGARETTE, DON'T DO IT!
981
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:14,533
>> ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE
982
00:31:14,533 --> 00:31:16,533
ASPECTS ABOUT CANNABIS IS THAT
983
00:31:16,533 --> 00:31:18,233
THE PLANT ITSELF CONTAINS
984
00:31:18,233 --> 00:31:19,900
HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS OF
985
00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:21,767
DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS, MANY OF
986
00:31:21,767 --> 00:31:23,433
WHICH ARE LIKELY TO HAVE
987
00:31:23,433 --> 00:31:24,933
THERAPEUTIC VALUE.
988
00:31:25,133 --> 00:31:27,100
NOW, MOSTLY, WE FOCUS ON THC,
989
00:31:27,100 --> 00:31:28,767
WHICH IS, OF COURSE, THE
990
00:31:28,767 --> 00:31:30,533
COMPONENT OF CANNABIS THAT
991
00:31:30,533 --> 00:31:32,200
MAKES YOU STONED.
992
00:31:32,433 --> 00:31:33,533
BUT THERE'S ANOTHER VERY
993
00:31:33,533 --> 00:31:34,700
IMPORTANT COMPONENT CALLED
994
00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:36,800
CANNABIDIOL.
995
00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:38,567
BUT CANNABIDIOL ITSELF IS ALSO A
996
00:31:38,567 --> 00:31:39,500
RELAXANT DRUG.
997
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:41,033
IT'S RECENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO
998
00:31:41,033 --> 00:31:42,000
REDUCE ANXIETY.
999
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,433
IT MAY ALSO PROMOTE SLEEP.
1000
00:31:45,433 --> 00:31:48,000
>> EARLY MAN BEGAN TO USE
1001
00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:49,500
PSYCHOACTIVE POTIONS.
1002
00:31:49,733 --> 00:31:51,567
IN THE CAVE PAINTINGS, YOU CAN
1003
00:31:51,567 --> 00:31:53,233
SEE THE SIGNS OF AN ALTERED
1004
00:31:53,233 --> 00:31:54,700
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
1005
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:56,400
>> INITIALLY, OF COURSE, ANCIENT
1006
00:31:56,400 --> 00:31:57,633
PEOPLE DIDN'T HAVE ANY
1007
00:31:57,633 --> 00:31:59,133
UNDERSTANDING OF THINGS LIKE
1008
00:31:59,133 --> 00:32:00,800
THC, CHEMICAL MOLECULES, THESE
1009
00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:02,400
TYPES OF THINGS, THEIR EFFECTS
1010
00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:03,900
ON THE BRAIN.
1011
00:32:04,133 --> 00:32:05,967
AND THE EFFECTS OF PLANTS LIKE
1012
00:32:05,967 --> 00:32:07,400
CANNABIS, OPIUM, COCA,
1013
00:32:07,400 --> 00:32:09,033
MUSHROOMS, CACTI, WERE ALL
1014
00:32:09,033 --> 00:32:10,633
GENERALLY SEEN AS MAGICAL
1015
00:32:10,633 --> 00:32:12,200
EFFECTS THAT CAME TO THEM
1016
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:13,367
THROUGH THE GODS.
1017
00:32:13,367 --> 00:32:15,333
>> SO, CANNABIS HAS A VERY BROAD
1018
00:32:15,333 --> 00:32:16,833
RANGE OF ACTIONS.
1019
00:32:17,067 --> 00:32:18,367
AND IT'S BEEN AROUND FOR 4,000
1020
00:32:18,400 --> 00:32:19,667
YEARS, SO IT'S NOT SURPRISING
1021
00:32:19,667 --> 00:32:22,200
THAT ITS UTILITY HAS BEEN WIDELY
1022
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:24,100
EXPERIENCE AND WIDELY TESTED.
1023
00:32:24,333 --> 00:32:25,900
IT WAS VERY POPULAR WITH
1024
00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:27,867
QUEEN VICTORIA IN ENGLAND IN THE
1025
00:32:27,867 --> 00:32:28,467
1800s.
1026
00:32:28,467 --> 00:32:30,200
SHE USED IT TO TREAT PERIOD
1027
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:30,800
PAINS.
1028
00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:32,733
SHE USED IT TO TREAT THE PAIN OF
1029
00:32:32,733 --> 00:32:33,600
CHILDBIRTH.
1030
00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:35,633
AND IN FACT IT WAS A LEGAL
1031
00:32:35,633 --> 00:32:38,000
MEDICINE IN BRITAIN UNTIL 1971.
1032
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:39,367
AND THEN WHEN YOUNG PEOPLE
1033
00:32:39,367 --> 00:32:40,967
STARTED USING IT, IT WAS BANNED.
1034
00:32:40,967 --> 00:32:42,933
>> I CERTAINLY THINK WE HAVE
1035
00:32:42,933 --> 00:32:44,833
MADE MISTAKES IN PENALIZING
1036
00:32:44,833 --> 00:32:46,633
PEOPLE FOR MEDICINAL USE.
1037
00:32:46,633 --> 00:32:48,533
WE SAW SOME CASES THAT WERE
1038
00:32:48,533 --> 00:32:50,500
ABSOLUTELY LUDICROUS, PEOPLE
1039
00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:52,600
RAISING IT FOR THOSE PURPOSES,
1040
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:54,633
WHO'D BEEN DIRECTED TO USE IT.
1041
00:32:54,633 --> 00:32:56,367
I THINK WE SHOULD OPEN UP THIS
1042
00:32:56,367 --> 00:32:57,533
WHOLE CAN OF WORMS.
1043
00:32:57,533 --> 00:32:59,000
AND I WOULD HOPE THAT THE
1044
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:00,700
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT COULD WORK
1045
00:33:00,700 --> 00:33:02,300
WITH THIS COMMITTEE AND WORK
1046
00:33:02,300 --> 00:33:03,900
WITH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND
1047
00:33:03,900 --> 00:33:05,533
OTHER ADVOCATES AS TO HOW BETTER
1048
00:33:05,533 --> 00:33:07,767
TO ASSESS THE USE OF MARIJUANA.
1049
00:33:07,767 --> 00:33:09,833
>> CAN THEY COME UP WITH EVEN
1050
00:33:09,833 --> 00:33:12,000
ONE POSITIVE THING AS A RESULT
1051
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,000
OF PROHIBITION OF MARIJUANA?
1052
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:15,533
AND IF THEY START SAYING, "OH,
1053
00:33:15,533 --> 00:33:17,167
IT'S TO KEEP THE DRUGS AWAY FROM
1054
00:33:17,167 --> 00:33:18,633
OUR CHILDREN," THEY'RE WRONG.
1055
00:33:18,633 --> 00:33:20,267
IT'S EASIER FOR OUR YOUNG PEOPLE
1056
00:33:20,267 --> 00:33:21,800
TO GET MARIJUANA THAN ALCOHOL.
1057
00:33:21,800 --> 00:33:23,267
IF THEY'RE GOING TO SAY, "WELL,
1058
00:33:23,267 --> 00:33:24,767
WE'RE GOING TO REDUCE VIOLENCE,
1059
00:33:24,767 --> 00:33:26,167
WE'RE GOING TO PERPETUATE THE
1060
00:33:26,167 --> 00:33:27,500
RULE OF LAW," THEY'RE WRONG.
1061
00:33:27,500 --> 00:33:28,667
IT'S DOING THE ABSOLUTE
1062
00:33:28,667 --> 00:33:29,233
OPPOSITE.
1063
00:33:29,233 --> 00:33:31,233
60% OF ALL OF THE DRUG CARTELS'
1064
00:33:31,233 --> 00:33:33,233
PROFITS IN MEXICO COME FROM THE
1065
00:33:33,233 --> 00:33:35,167
SALE OF MARIJUANA, WITH ALL OF
1066
00:33:35,167 --> 00:33:37,100
THE DRUG-RELATED VIOLENCE THAT
1067
00:33:37,100 --> 00:33:38,267
GOES DOWN THERE.
1068
00:33:38,267 --> 00:33:39,567
IT ISN'T THE DRUGS THAT ARE
1069
00:33:39,567 --> 00:33:40,433
CAUSING THE HARM.
1070
00:33:40,433 --> 00:33:41,433
IT'S THE DRUG MONEY.
1071
00:33:41,433 --> 00:33:42,933
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
1072
00:33:42,933 --> 00:33:44,233
SAY THIS ALL THE TIME, THAT
1073
00:33:44,233 --> 00:33:45,600
THERE'S NO STUDY SHOWING THAT
1074
00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:46,833
MARIJUANA IS AN EFFECTIVE
1075
00:33:46,833 --> 00:33:47,400
MEDICINE.
1076
00:33:47,400 --> 00:33:48,533
AND YOU KNOW SOMETHING?
1077
00:33:48,533 --> 00:33:49,433
THEY'RE RIGHT.
1078
00:33:49,433 --> 00:33:51,067
HOWEVER, IT'S BEYOND HYPOCRISY
1079
00:33:51,067 --> 00:33:52,500
FOR THEM BECAUSE IT'S THE
1080
00:33:52,500 --> 00:33:54,233
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT CONTROLS
1081
00:33:54,233 --> 00:33:55,133
THE MARIJUANA.
1082
00:33:55,133 --> 00:33:56,400
AND NUMBERS OF REPUTABLE
1083
00:33:56,400 --> 00:33:57,733
GROUPS -- THE CENTERS FOR
1084
00:33:57,733 --> 00:33:58,800
DISEASE CONTROL, THE
1085
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:00,367
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, AND
1086
00:34:00,367 --> 00:34:01,767
OTHERS -- HAVE REQUESTED TO
1087
00:34:01,767 --> 00:34:03,400
CONDUCT THE STUDIES, AND THEY'VE
1088
00:34:03,400 --> 00:34:04,533
BEEN DEPRIVED OF THAT
1089
00:34:04,533 --> 00:34:05,367
AUTHORIZATION.
1090
00:34:05,367 --> 00:34:06,633
>> SO, THERE'S NO RESEARCH
1091
00:34:06,633 --> 00:34:08,033
BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT HASN'T
1092
00:34:08,033 --> 00:34:09,133
ALLOWED THE RESEARCH.
1093
00:34:09,133 --> 00:34:10,600
>> THE GOVERNMENT AFFIRMATIVELY
1094
00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:12,100
DOES NOT ALLOW THIS RESEARCH TO
1095
00:34:12,100 --> 00:34:13,333
TAKE PLACE, AND THEN THEY
1096
00:34:13,333 --> 00:34:14,633
SANCTIMONIOUSLY SAY, "WELL,
1097
00:34:14,633 --> 00:34:16,067
THERE'S NO RESEARCH THAT SHOWS
1098
00:34:16,067 --> 00:34:16,433
IT."
1099
00:34:16,433 --> 00:34:17,567
IT'S BEYOND HYPOCRISY.
1100
00:34:17,567 --> 00:34:18,667
I VIEW IT AS CHUTZPAH.
1101
00:34:18,667 --> 00:34:21,200
>> CANNABIS IS LESS HARMFUL TO
1102
00:34:21,200 --> 00:34:23,433
THE HEALTH THAN ALCOHOL OR
1103
00:34:23,433 --> 00:34:24,367
TOBACCO.
1104
00:34:24,367 --> 00:34:27,900
AND THEREFORE, IT IS COMPLETELY
1105
00:34:27,900 --> 00:34:31,333
OUT OF ORDER THAT IT SHOULD BE
1106
00:34:31,333 --> 00:34:34,067
IN THIS HIGH-PROHIBITED
1107
00:34:34,067 --> 00:34:35,433
CATEGORY.
1108
00:34:35,433 --> 00:34:36,667
>> TOBACCO, TO THE BEST OF MY
1109
00:34:36,667 --> 00:34:37,967
KNOWLEDGE, IS THE ONLY SUBSTANCE
1110
00:34:37,967 --> 00:34:38,833
THAT WE SELL IN THE
1111
00:34:38,833 --> 00:34:40,167
UNITED STATES THAT, WHEN USED AS
1112
00:34:40,167 --> 00:34:41,167
DIRECTED, CAUSES DEATH.
1113
00:34:41,167 --> 00:34:42,233
>> RIGHT. ABSOLUTELY.
1114
00:34:42,233 --> 00:34:43,767
>> SHOULDN'T WE BE INCORPORATING
1115
00:34:43,767 --> 00:34:45,267
TOBACCO INTO OUR DRUG POLICIES?
1116
00:34:45,267 --> 00:34:46,733
>> WELL, CERTAINLY, CERTAINLY.
1117
00:34:46,733 --> 00:34:48,267
>> AND THAT ARGUES MORE AND MORE
1118
00:34:48,267 --> 00:34:49,600
FOR IT BEING A PUBLIC-HEALTH
1119
00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:50,967
ISSUE RATHER THAN A CRIMINAL
1120
00:34:50,967 --> 00:34:51,433
ISSUE.
1121
00:34:51,433 --> 00:34:53,400
>> I THINK THE ULTIMATE THREAT
1122
00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:55,267
OF THESE SUBSTANCES, WHEN IT
1123
00:34:55,267 --> 00:34:57,067
COMES TO MODERN SOCIETY, IS
1124
00:34:57,067 --> 00:34:59,167
THEIR ABILITY TO BREAK CONSENSUS
1125
00:34:59,167 --> 00:35:01,100
TRENDS AND THROW PEOPLE INTO
1126
00:35:01,100 --> 00:35:03,000
LOOKING AT THINGS IN A NOVEL,
1127
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:03,733
NEW WAY.
1128
00:35:03,733 --> 00:35:05,233
SOCIETY WENT THROUGH A MASSIVE
1129
00:35:05,233 --> 00:35:05,800
UPHEAVAL.
1130
00:35:05,800 --> 00:35:07,300
THERE WAS A SEXUAL REVOLUTION.
1131
00:35:07,300 --> 00:35:08,833
PEOPLE STARTED PROTESTING WARS.
1132
00:35:08,833 --> 00:35:10,533
AND THE GOVERNMENT THEMSELVES
1133
00:35:10,533 --> 00:35:12,067
DIRECTLY SOUGHT A RELATION
1134
00:35:12,067 --> 00:35:13,600
BETWEEN THIS AND DRUG USE,
1135
00:35:13,600 --> 00:35:15,433
PARTICULARLY CANNABIS USE.
1136
00:36:10,233 --> 00:36:11,867
>> WE MUST WAGE WHAT I HAVE
1137
00:36:11,867 --> 00:36:13,733
CALLED TOTAL WAR AGAINST PUBLIC
1138
00:36:13,733 --> 00:36:15,167
ENEMY NUMBER ONE IN THE
1139
00:36:15,167 --> 00:36:17,033
UNITED STATES -- THE PROBLEM OF
1140
00:36:17,033 --> 00:36:18,467
DANGEROUS DRUGS.
1141
00:36:18,467 --> 00:36:19,933
>> DRUGS ARE MENACING OUR
1142
00:36:19,933 --> 00:36:20,567
SOCIETY.
1143
00:36:20,567 --> 00:36:22,233
THEY'RE THREATENING OUR VALUES
1144
00:36:22,233 --> 00:36:23,467
AND UNDERCUTTING OUR
1145
00:36:23,467 --> 00:36:24,333
INSTITUTIONS.
1146
00:36:24,333 --> 00:36:25,533
>> RONALD REAGAN, FOR
1147
00:36:25,533 --> 00:36:26,667
INSTANCE -- HIS SON,
1148
00:36:26,667 --> 00:36:27,967
RONALD REAGAN JR., IN AN
1149
00:36:27,967 --> 00:36:29,667
INTERVIEW, WHEN QUESTIONED ABOUT
1150
00:36:29,667 --> 00:36:31,333
HIS MOTHER NANCY'S "JUST SAY NO"
1151
00:36:31,333 --> 00:36:32,700
CAMPAIGN AND HIS FATHER'S
1152
00:36:32,700 --> 00:36:34,233
SUPPORT FOR THE WAR ON DRUGS,
1153
00:36:34,233 --> 00:36:35,833
SAID IN RELATION TO MARIJUANA,
1154
00:36:35,833 --> 00:36:37,467
"IT'S NOT MARIJUANA, THE MILDLY
1155
00:36:37,467 --> 00:36:38,767
MIND-ALTERING SUBSTANCE.
1156
00:36:38,767 --> 00:36:40,367
IT'S MARIJUANA, THE ANTITHESIS
1157
00:36:40,367 --> 00:36:41,233
OF THE STATE."
1158
00:36:41,233 --> 00:36:42,700
>> AT THE TIME, I HAD NO REASON
1159
00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:43,933
TO BELIEVE THAT THERE WAS
1160
00:36:43,933 --> 00:36:45,233
ANYTHING SINISTER GOING ON.
1161
00:36:45,233 --> 00:36:47,167
>> THIS ESTATE LOOKS LIKE A
1162
00:36:47,167 --> 00:36:49,200
NICE PLACE TO RAISE A FAMILY,
1163
00:36:49,200 --> 00:36:51,300
BUT THIS SEEMINGLY SAFE SUBURB
1164
00:36:51,300 --> 00:36:53,400
WAS HIDING A DANGEROUS SECRET,
1165
00:36:53,400 --> 00:36:55,533
POLICE FINDING FIVE CANNABIS
1166
00:36:55,533 --> 00:36:57,800
GROW HOUSES ON TWO NEIGHBORING
1167
00:36:57,800 --> 00:36:58,633
STREETS.
1168
00:36:58,633 --> 00:37:00,067
>> I'M A BIT SCARED.
1169
00:37:00,067 --> 00:37:01,933
>> CHELSEA AND HER FAMILY LIVE
1170
00:37:01,933 --> 00:37:03,900
IN THE AREA, BUT ARE NOW MOVING
1171
00:37:03,900 --> 00:37:05,767
OUT SOLELY BECAUSE OF THE DRUG
1172
00:37:05,767 --> 00:37:06,300
RAID.
1173
00:37:06,300 --> 00:37:07,800
>> I'VE GOT RENTAL AGREEMENTS.
1174
00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:09,333
I'M GOING TO FIND ANOTHER PLACE
1175
00:37:09,333 --> 00:37:09,900
TO LIVE.
1176
00:37:09,900 --> 00:37:11,400
>> YEAH, CANNABIS HAS HAD A
1177
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,133
ROUGH TIME OVER THE LAST CENTURY
1178
00:37:13,133 --> 00:37:13,667
OR SO.
1179
00:37:13,667 --> 00:37:15,467
AND ONE OF THE REAL PROBLEMS I
1180
00:37:15,467 --> 00:37:17,000
THINK WE HAVE NOW IS THAT
1181
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:18,600
MEDICINAL CANNABIS IS ONLY
1182
00:37:18,600 --> 00:37:20,300
AVAILABLE IN SOME COUNTRIES,
1183
00:37:20,300 --> 00:37:21,900
STILL NOT AVAILABLE IN THE
1184
00:37:21,900 --> 00:37:23,600
UNITED KINGDOM, AND THAT'S A
1185
00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:25,433
SERIOUS LOSS AND IS A DETRIMENT
1186
00:37:25,433 --> 00:37:26,933
TO MANY OF OUR PATIENTS.
1187
00:37:26,933 --> 00:37:29,167
>> WE'VE DONE RESEARCH ON THE
1188
00:37:29,167 --> 00:37:31,133
DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS OF
1189
00:37:31,133 --> 00:37:33,500
CANNABIS -- THC, WHICH GETS YOU
1190
00:37:33,500 --> 00:37:35,767
HIGH, CBD, WHICH IS AN AMAZING
1191
00:37:35,767 --> 00:37:38,133
COMPOUND WHICH IS ANTIPSYCHOTIC,
1192
00:37:38,133 --> 00:37:40,333
ANTIANXIOLYTIC, ANTIDIABETIC.
1193
00:37:40,333 --> 00:37:41,933
IT'S A VERY GOOD COMPOUND.
1194
00:37:41,933 --> 00:37:43,833
IT'S BEEN GROWN OUT OF THE CROP
1195
00:37:43,833 --> 00:37:45,367
BECAUSE THE CROP HAS BEEN
1196
00:37:45,367 --> 00:37:47,133
MODIFIED AND GROWN SO THAT IT
1197
00:37:47,133 --> 00:37:49,433
HAS AS HIGH THC AS POSSIBLE.
1198
00:37:49,433 --> 00:37:51,400
IT'S A TRAGEDY THAT OUR YOUTH
1199
00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:53,133
CAN ONLY GET THAT TYPE OF
1200
00:37:53,133 --> 00:37:54,967
CANNABIS, MORE OR LESS.
1201
00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:57,333
>> THERE'S A LOT TO BE LEARNED
1202
00:37:57,333 --> 00:37:59,500
ABOUT THAT, AND I THINK IT CAN
1203
00:37:59,500 --> 00:38:01,833
BE A REAL PROBLEM FOR KIDS USING
1204
00:38:01,833 --> 00:38:04,333
IT IN A WAY THAT DOESN'T HAVE
1205
00:38:04,333 --> 00:38:06,333
THAT KIND OF SET AND SETTING.
1206
00:38:06,333 --> 00:38:08,300
>> THERE'S A LOT OF LEARNED
1207
00:38:08,300 --> 00:38:10,533
KNOWLEDGE WHICH CAN MORE EASILY
1208
00:38:10,533 --> 00:38:12,500
BE PASSED ON IN A REGULATED
1209
00:38:12,500 --> 00:38:13,200
SYSTEM.
1210
00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,100
>> ON ONE HAND, WE DECRY THE
1211
00:38:15,100 --> 00:38:16,667
SCOURGE OF DRUG ABUSE.
1212
00:38:16,667 --> 00:38:18,733
ON THE OTHER HAND, WE SAY THAT,
1213
00:38:18,733 --> 00:38:20,800
YOU KNOW, YOU SHOULD TAKE DRUGS
1214
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:22,667
INSTEAD OF DEALING WITH A
1215
00:38:22,667 --> 00:38:24,833
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM, INSTEAD OF
1216
00:38:24,833 --> 00:38:27,000
IMPLEMENTING NOVEL THINGS SUCH
1217
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:28,700
AS PARENTING -- KIDS ARE
1218
00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:30,933
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS, SO THEY CAN
1219
00:38:30,933 --> 00:38:33,167
BE MEDICATED SO THAT THEY'RE NO
1220
00:38:33,167 --> 00:38:34,667
LONGER A PROBLEM.
1221
00:38:34,900 --> 00:38:36,900
AS A RESULT, WE HAVE A WHOLE
1222
00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:39,100
GENERATION THAT HAS GROWN UP TO
1223
00:38:39,100 --> 00:38:40,267
RELY ON DRUGS.
1224
00:38:40,267 --> 00:38:42,367
AND SO THEN THEY FIND OUT THAT
1225
00:38:42,367 --> 00:38:44,433
THE DRUGS THAT ARE PROHIBITED
1226
00:38:44,433 --> 00:38:46,567
ACTUALLY WORK MUCH BETTER THAN
1227
00:38:46,567 --> 00:38:48,367
THE PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS.
1228
00:38:48,367 --> 00:38:50,433
THEY'RE OFTEN MORE EFFECTIVE.
1229
00:38:50,433 --> 00:38:53,833
AND SO THEY CAN SEE NO REASON
1230
00:38:53,833 --> 00:38:57,133
NOT TO USE THOSE SUBSTANCES.
1231
00:38:57,133 --> 00:38:58,600
>> WHILE AUTISM IS NOT A
1232
00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:00,300
QUALIFYING MEDICAL CONDITION
1233
00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:02,067
LIKE CANCER OR SEVERE PAIN, IN
1234
00:39:02,067 --> 00:39:03,833
ALEX'S CASE, THE SEIZURES ARE.
1235
00:39:03,833 --> 00:39:05,167
HIS PARENTS GIVE HIM A LIQUID
1236
00:39:05,167 --> 00:39:06,500
FORM OF THE DRUG, AND AFTER A
1237
00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:07,800
FEW MONTHS OF TREATMENT, THE
1238
00:39:07,800 --> 00:39:09,200
ECHOLS SAY THEY SAW A DRAMATIC
1239
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:09,867
IMPROVEMENT.
1240
00:39:09,867 --> 00:39:11,967
>> HE WENT FROM HITTING HIMSELF,
1241
00:39:11,967 --> 00:39:14,033
BLOODYING HIS FACE -- WITHIN AN
1242
00:39:14,033 --> 00:39:16,067
HOUR, HOUR AND A HALF, HE WOULD
1243
00:39:16,067 --> 00:39:18,100
BE PLAYING WITH TOYS, USING HIS
1244
00:39:18,100 --> 00:39:20,033
HANDS, SOMETHING THAT AT THAT
1245
00:39:20,033 --> 00:39:21,833
TIME WAS ALMOST UNHEARD OF.
1246
00:39:21,833 --> 00:39:23,533
>> THEY'RE NOT ADVOCATING THE
1247
00:39:23,533 --> 00:39:25,400
USE OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA FOR ALL
1248
00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:27,200
AUTISTIC CHILDREN, BUT THEY SAY
1249
00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:29,000
WALK A MILE IN THEIR SHOES, AND
1250
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:30,800
THE TREATMENT MIGHT NOT SEEM SO
1251
00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:34,600
EXTREME.
1252
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:35,867
>> SENIOR ARE THE
1253
00:39:35,867 --> 00:39:37,933
FASTEST-GROWING GROUP TAKING UP
1254
00:39:37,933 --> 00:39:38,433
POT.
1255
00:39:38,433 --> 00:39:40,400
A WARNING -- THIS REPORT DOES
1256
00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:42,067
CONTAIN DRUG REFERENCES.
1257
00:39:42,067 --> 00:39:46,700
>> I DON'T BELIEVE IN DRUGS.
1258
00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:48,200
BUT THEN I'VE ALSO NEVER BEEN
1259
00:39:48,200 --> 00:39:49,633
SOMEONE WHO'S SUFFERED FROM
1260
00:39:49,633 --> 00:39:51,467
PAIN.
1261
00:39:51,467 --> 00:39:54,400
MARIJUANA KEPT ME ALIVE.
1262
00:39:54,633 --> 00:39:56,200
>> I'VE TALKED TO SO MANY
1263
00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:58,200
PEOPLE -- ELDERS -- WHO SAID, "I
1264
00:39:58,200 --> 00:39:59,733
NEVER THOUGHT I WOULD DO
1265
00:39:59,733 --> 00:40:01,567
ANYTHING ILLEGAL IN MY ENTIRE
1266
00:40:01,567 --> 00:40:02,100
LIFE.
1267
00:40:02,100 --> 00:40:02,967
I'M A LITTLE OLD LADY WHO'S
1268
00:40:02,967 --> 00:40:03,900
FOLLOWED EVERY RULE I'VE EVER
1269
00:40:03,900 --> 00:40:05,400
HEARD OF.
1270
00:40:05,633 --> 00:40:07,400
BUT WHEN MY HUSBAND WAS
1271
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:09,600
SUFFERING FROM CHEMOTHERAPY, I
1272
00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:11,400
FOUND MYSELF HUNTING FOR
1273
00:40:11,400 --> 00:40:13,367
MARIJUANA, AND I HAD TO GO
1274
00:40:13,367 --> 00:40:15,433
ACROSS THAT LINE TO FIND IT.
1275
00:40:15,433 --> 00:40:18,600
IT MADE ME REALIZE THAT NOT ALL
1276
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:20,767
THE RULES ARE HERE TO PROTECT US
1277
00:40:20,767 --> 00:40:22,033
AND THAT SOMETIMES WE HAVE TO
1278
00:40:22,033 --> 00:40:23,767
LOOK BEYOND THOSE BOUNDARIES TO
1279
00:40:23,767 --> 00:40:25,133
FIND WHAT WE'RE ACTUALLY
1280
00:40:25,133 --> 00:40:27,467
ENTITLED TO HAVE."
1281
00:40:27,467 --> 00:40:28,567
>> AND CNN's CHIEF MEDICAL
1282
00:40:28,567 --> 00:40:29,867
CORRESPONDENT, DR. SANJAY GUPTA,
1283
00:40:29,867 --> 00:40:30,367
JOINS ME.
1284
00:40:30,367 --> 00:40:31,533
NOW, SANJAY, WELCOME TO YOU.
1285
00:40:31,533 --> 00:40:32,033
>> THANK YOU.
1286
00:40:32,033 --> 00:40:32,767
THANKS FOR HAVING ME.
1287
00:40:32,767 --> 00:40:33,333
>> SO, COME ON.
1288
00:40:33,333 --> 00:40:34,367
YOU'VE BEEN LOOKING AT THIS FOR
1289
00:40:34,367 --> 00:40:35,400
A YEAR, AND I WANT TO REMIND YOU
1290
00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:37,700
THAT IN 2009, YOU WROTE A TIME
1291
00:40:37,700 --> 00:40:40,100
MAGAZINE ARTICLE ENTITLED "WHY I
1292
00:40:40,100 --> 00:40:41,867
WOULD VOTE NO ON POT."
1293
00:40:41,867 --> 00:40:43,167
YOU'VE CHANGED YOUR MIND.
1294
00:40:43,167 --> 00:40:44,733
>> IF YOU LOOK AT ALL THE PAPERS
1295
00:40:44,733 --> 00:40:45,933
THAT ARE WRITTEN IN THE
1296
00:40:45,933 --> 00:40:47,433
UNITED STATES ABOUT MARIJUANA,
1297
00:40:47,433 --> 00:40:48,900
THE VAST MAJORITY OF THEM ARE
1298
00:40:48,900 --> 00:40:49,767
ABOUT THE HARM.
1299
00:40:49,767 --> 00:40:50,867
WE FUND STUDIES ON HARM.
1300
00:40:50,867 --> 00:40:52,300
WE DON'T FUND STUDIES ON BENEFIT
1301
00:40:52,300 --> 00:40:53,600
NEARLY AS MUCH, SO IT GIVES A
1302
00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:54,500
DISTORTED PICTURE.
1303
00:40:54,500 --> 00:40:55,900
BUT, YOU KNOW, I DIDN'T LOOK FAR
1304
00:40:55,900 --> 00:40:56,367
ENOUGH.
1305
00:40:56,367 --> 00:40:57,567
I DIDN'T LOOK DEEP ENOUGH.
1306
00:40:57,567 --> 00:40:58,900
I DIDN'T LOOK AT LABS IN OTHER
1307
00:40:58,900 --> 00:41:00,267
COUNTRIES THAT ARE DOING SOME
1308
00:41:00,267 --> 00:41:01,233
INCREDIBLE RESEARCH.
1309
00:41:01,233 --> 00:41:02,667
I DIDN'T LISTEN TO THE CHORUS OF
1310
00:41:02,667 --> 00:41:03,900
PATIENTS WHO SAID, "NOT ONLY
1311
00:41:03,900 --> 00:41:05,133
DOES MARIJUANA WORK FOR ME,
1312
00:41:05,133 --> 00:41:06,467
IT'S THE ONLY THING THAT WORKS
1313
00:41:06,467 --> 00:41:06,967
FOR ME."
1314
00:41:06,967 --> 00:41:08,600
I TOOK THE D.E.A. AT THEIR WORD
1315
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:09,800
WHEN THEY SAID IT IS A
1316
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:11,433
SCHEDULE 1 SUBSTANCE AND HAS NO
1317
00:41:11,433 --> 00:41:12,600
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.
1318
00:41:12,600 --> 00:41:14,200
THERE WAS NO SCIENTIFIC BASIS
1319
00:41:14,200 --> 00:41:15,400
FOR THEM TO SAY THAT.
1320
00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:16,567
THE SCIENCE IS THERE.
1321
00:41:16,567 --> 00:41:17,733
THIS ISN'T ANECDOTAL.
1322
00:41:17,733 --> 00:41:19,067
THIS ISN'T IN THE REALM OF
1323
00:41:19,067 --> 00:41:20,133
CONJECTURE ANYMORE.
1324
00:41:20,133 --> 00:41:21,700
I MEAN, FOR A LONG TIME, WE'VE
1325
00:41:21,700 --> 00:41:23,267
JUST IGNORED THESE PAPERS, BUT
1326
00:41:23,267 --> 00:41:24,867
THIS WAS A DRUG, YOU KNOW, THAT
1327
00:41:24,867 --> 00:41:27,000
WAS USED FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
1328
00:41:36,167 --> 00:41:38,733
>> "AYAHUASCA" AND "YAGE" ARE
1329
00:41:38,733 --> 00:41:41,233
INDIAN WORDS FOR BANISTERIA
1330
00:41:41,233 --> 00:41:43,367
CAAPI.
1331
00:41:43,367 --> 00:41:45,167
THE LITERAL MEANING OF
1332
00:41:45,167 --> 00:41:47,300
"AYAHUASCA" IS "VINE OF THE
1333
00:41:47,300 --> 00:41:48,833
SOUL."
1334
00:41:48,833 --> 00:41:51,333
THIS POWERFUL HALLUCINOGEN HAS
1335
00:41:51,333 --> 00:41:53,833
BEEN CREDITED WITH THE ABILITY
1336
00:41:53,833 --> 00:41:56,200
TO TRANSPORT HUMAN BEINGS TO
1337
00:41:56,200 --> 00:41:58,633
REALMS OF CONSCIOUSNESS WHERE
1338
00:41:58,633 --> 00:42:01,200
TELEPATHY AND CLAIRVOYANCE ARE
1339
00:42:01,200 --> 00:42:02,900
COMMONPLACE.
1340
00:42:02,900 --> 00:42:05,100
THE AYAHUASCA RITUAL IS ABOUT
1341
00:42:05,100 --> 00:42:08,467
TO BEGIN.
1342
00:42:08,467 --> 00:42:10,400
>> WHAT I WAS INTO WAS LOOKING
1343
00:42:10,400 --> 00:42:12,333
AT HOW AMAZONIAN INDIANS THINK
1344
00:42:12,333 --> 00:42:14,233
ABOUT THEIR RESOURCES AND USE
1345
00:42:14,233 --> 00:42:16,300
THEM TO BE ABLE TO ARGUE AGAINST
1346
00:42:16,300 --> 00:42:17,900
THE WORLD BANK AND OTHER
1347
00:42:17,900 --> 00:42:19,567
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
1348
00:42:19,567 --> 00:42:21,367
AGENCIES THAT WERE ENACTING
1349
00:42:21,367 --> 00:42:23,433
THESE BIG DEFORESTATION PROJECTS
1350
00:42:23,433 --> 00:42:25,367
THAT WOULD TAKE LAND AWAY FROM
1351
00:42:25,367 --> 00:42:26,200
PEOPLE.
1352
00:42:26,433 --> 00:42:27,867
THIS WAS ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS AND
1353
00:42:27,867 --> 00:42:29,100
ECOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION AND
1354
00:42:29,100 --> 00:42:30,333
TRYING TO MAKE THE WORLD A
1355
00:42:30,333 --> 00:42:31,833
BETTER PLACE.
1356
00:42:38,933 --> 00:42:40,533
SO, I HAD A VESTED INTEREST IN
1357
00:42:40,533 --> 00:42:42,100
SHOWING THAT THESE PEOPLE WERE
1358
00:42:42,100 --> 00:42:43,700
RATIONAL, BUT THE PROBLEM WAS,
1359
00:42:43,700 --> 00:42:45,367
WHEN ASKED, THEY SAID THAT THEIR
1360
00:42:45,367 --> 00:42:46,967
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PLANTS CAME
1361
00:42:46,967 --> 00:42:48,633
FROM THE HALLUCINATIONS OF THEIR
1362
00:42:48,633 --> 00:42:51,900
SHAMANS.
1363
00:42:52,133 --> 00:42:55,400
"UM, MM. HMM. WELL, UM..."
1364
00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:56,900
AFTER CIRCLING AROUND THIS
1365
00:42:56,900 --> 00:42:58,667
QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF THEIR
1366
00:42:58,667 --> 00:43:00,300
KNOWLEDGE, FINALLY, ONE GUY
1367
00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:01,967
SAID, "BROTHER JEREMY, IF YOU
1368
00:43:01,967 --> 00:43:03,733
WANT TO KNOW THE ANSWER TO THAT
1369
00:43:03,733 --> 00:43:05,300
QUESTION, YOU HAVE TO DRINK
1370
00:43:05,300 --> 00:43:06,400
AYAHUASCA."
1371
00:43:06,400 --> 00:43:08,033
HE SAID, "IT'S THE TELEVISION OF
1372
00:43:08,033 --> 00:43:09,433
THE FOREST, AND YOU CAN SEE
1373
00:43:09,433 --> 00:43:12,300
IMAGES AND LEARN THINGS."
1374
00:43:12,300 --> 00:43:15,000
SO, YOU KNOW, I DECIDED TO
1375
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:16,467
CHECK IT OUT.
1376
00:43:16,467 --> 00:43:17,933
PASTEUR TRIED IT, AND ALL THE
1377
00:43:17,933 --> 00:43:19,500
GREAT SCIENTISTS -- THEY TRY IT
1378
00:43:19,500 --> 00:43:20,300
ON THEMSELVES.
1379
00:43:20,300 --> 00:43:21,667
THAT'S ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL
1380
00:43:21,667 --> 00:43:22,800
THINGS ABOUT SCIENCE.
1381
00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:24,533
[ WOMAN SINGING IN FOREIGN
1382
00:43:24,533 --> 00:43:26,567
LANGUAGE ]
1383
00:43:32,367 --> 00:43:33,467
>> IT'S NOT SUCH A RADICAL
1384
00:43:33,467 --> 00:43:34,667
PROPOSITION TO SEE PLANTS AS
1385
00:43:34,667 --> 00:43:36,000
BEING TEACHERS.
1386
00:43:36,233 --> 00:43:37,500
IN FACT, IT'S ONLY THE
1387
00:43:37,500 --> 00:43:39,133
ALIENATION OF WESTERN SCIENCE
1388
00:43:39,133 --> 00:43:40,900
FROM OUR ROOTS THAT CREATES THAT
1389
00:43:40,900 --> 00:43:41,833
APPARENT SPLIT.
1390
00:43:41,833 --> 00:43:44,133
I MEAN, FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS,
1391
00:43:44,133 --> 00:43:45,300
AROUND THE WORLD, MEDICINE WAS
1392
00:43:45,300 --> 00:43:46,467
BASED ON PLANTS.
1393
00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:49,233
>> THESE PSYCHOACTIVE CHEMICALS
1394
00:43:49,233 --> 00:43:50,767
IN SOME WAY ARE A
1395
00:43:50,767 --> 00:43:53,333
CO-EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM, A WAY
1396
00:43:53,333 --> 00:43:55,633
THAT -- YOU KNOW, AND HERE'S
1397
00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:58,067
WHERE WE GET AWAY FROM SCIENCE
1398
00:43:58,067 --> 00:44:00,367
AND INTO SPECULATION, BUT A
1399
00:44:00,367 --> 00:44:02,700
CO-EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM BY
1400
00:44:02,700 --> 00:44:04,567
WHICH THE COMMUNITY OF
1401
00:44:04,567 --> 00:44:06,733
SPECIES -- OR AT LEAST THE
1402
00:44:06,733 --> 00:44:09,333
COMMUNITY OF SENTIENT SPECIES --
1403
00:44:09,333 --> 00:44:11,567
HAS EVOLVED TO TALK TO THIS
1404
00:44:11,567 --> 00:44:14,033
PRIMATE, IF YOU WANT TO PUT IT
1405
00:44:14,033 --> 00:44:16,333
THAT WAY, A WAY TO SHARE THE
1406
00:44:16,333 --> 00:44:19,533
GNOSIS, SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE.
1407
00:44:19,533 --> 00:44:22,233
A FAMOUS BOTANIST ONCE SAID
1408
00:44:22,233 --> 00:44:24,600
PLANTS HAVE SUBSTITUTED
1409
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:27,233
BIOSYNTHESIS FOR BEHAVIOR.
1410
00:44:27,233 --> 00:44:28,933
ANIMALS INTERACT WITH THEIR
1411
00:44:28,933 --> 00:44:30,867
ENVIRONMENT AND DEAL WITH THEIR
1412
00:44:30,867 --> 00:44:32,700
ENVIRONMENT PRIMARILY THROUGH
1413
00:44:32,700 --> 00:44:34,333
BEHAVIOR -- YOU KNOW, THE
1414
00:44:34,333 --> 00:44:36,333
FLIGHT-OR-FIGHT REACTION, ALL OF
1415
00:44:36,333 --> 00:44:37,200
THIS STUFF.
1416
00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:38,300
WE MOVE AROUND.
1417
00:44:38,300 --> 00:44:40,233
IF WE'RE THREATENED, YOU KNOW,
1418
00:44:40,233 --> 00:44:42,133
WE GET UP AND RUN AWAY.
1419
00:44:42,133 --> 00:44:43,500
PLANTS CAN'T DO THAT.
1420
00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:45,200
THEY'RE STUCK IN ONE PLACE.
1421
00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:46,633
SO, THEY MEDIATE THEIR
1422
00:44:46,633 --> 00:44:48,067
RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE
1423
00:44:48,067 --> 00:44:49,900
ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CHEMISTRY.
1424
00:44:49,900 --> 00:44:51,700
THAT'S WHY THEY'RE SUCH GREAT
1425
00:44:51,700 --> 00:44:52,533
CHEMISTS.
1426
00:44:52,767 --> 00:44:54,700
>> AND IF YOU ARE AN ANIMIST, A
1427
00:44:54,700 --> 00:44:56,533
PERSON WHO SEES THE SPIRIT OF
1428
00:44:56,533 --> 00:44:58,367
PLANTS AT WORK WITH AGENCY --
1429
00:44:58,367 --> 00:45:00,333
MEANING THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE,
1430
00:45:00,333 --> 00:45:01,900
TO INTERACT WITH ANOTHER
1431
00:45:01,900 --> 00:45:02,733
SPECIES...
1432
00:45:02,933 --> 00:45:04,067
>> SUDDENLY, THE WHOLE
1433
00:45:04,067 --> 00:45:05,500
RELATIONSHIP BECOMES MUCH MORE
1434
00:45:05,500 --> 00:45:08,500
COMPLICATED BECAUSE NOW THEY CAN
1435
00:45:08,500 --> 00:45:10,567
BE USED AS AN AGENT,
1436
00:45:10,567 --> 00:45:13,567
ESSENTIALLY, TO FORM A SYMBIOSIS
1437
00:45:13,567 --> 00:45:16,633
WITH THIS HYPERTROPHY-BRAINED
1438
00:45:16,633 --> 00:45:18,267
PRIMATE.
1439
00:45:18,267 --> 00:45:19,933
AND SO SUDDENLY THE WHOLE
1440
00:45:19,933 --> 00:45:21,900
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP, THE
1441
00:45:21,900 --> 00:45:23,800
CO-EVOLUTIONARY EQUATION, HAS
1442
00:45:23,800 --> 00:45:24,533
CHANGED.
1443
00:45:24,533 --> 00:45:26,433
THE PLANT HAS AN INCENTIVE TO
1444
00:45:26,433 --> 00:45:28,400
FORM A RELATIONSHIP WITH HUMAN
1445
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:30,967
BEINGS.
1446
00:45:30,967 --> 00:45:32,633
>> I THINK IT'S VERY SIGNIFICANT
1447
00:45:32,633 --> 00:45:34,233
THAT WE TALK ABOUT THE SHAMANS'
1448
00:45:34,233 --> 00:45:37,367
EXPERIENCES AS AN OUT-OF-BODY
1449
00:45:37,367 --> 00:45:39,300
EXPERIENCE, THAT THE
1450
00:45:39,300 --> 00:45:41,267
EXPERIENTIAL SELF -- WHAT WE MAY
1451
00:45:41,267 --> 00:45:43,100
CALL THE SOUL OR THE SPIRIT OR
1452
00:45:43,100 --> 00:45:44,800
JUST OUR COGNITIVE POINT OF
1453
00:45:44,800 --> 00:45:46,600
REFERENCE -- BECOMES DETACHED
1454
00:45:46,600 --> 00:45:48,100
FROM THE BODY.
1455
00:45:48,333 --> 00:45:49,833
AND SO NOW WE HAVE THE
1456
00:45:49,833 --> 00:45:51,833
CAPABILITY TO LOOK AT THE WORLD
1457
00:45:51,833 --> 00:45:53,867
IN A WAY THAT IS MORE THAN JUST
1458
00:45:53,867 --> 00:45:55,867
THE BODY-BASED LIMITATIONS THAT
1459
00:45:55,867 --> 00:45:57,867
WE ORIGINALLY EVOLVED TO USE TO
1460
00:45:57,867 --> 00:45:59,600
UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL WORLD.
1461
00:45:59,833 --> 00:46:01,967
>> THERE IS A SENSE IN WHICH, IN
1462
00:46:01,967 --> 00:46:03,733
YOUR MIND, YOU RISE ABOVE
1463
00:46:03,733 --> 00:46:05,867
YOURSELF OR OUTSIDE OF YOURSELF,
1464
00:46:05,867 --> 00:46:07,100
AND YOU CAN SEE.
1465
00:46:07,100 --> 00:46:09,067
YOU SEE FILMS ABOUT YOURSELF.
1466
00:46:09,067 --> 00:46:10,500
>> [ CHANTING IN NATIVE
1467
00:46:10,500 --> 00:46:11,300
LANGUAGE ]
1468
00:46:11,300 --> 00:46:13,000
>> ONCE YOU DRINK, YOU SEE, AND
1469
00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:14,567
ONCE YOU SEE, THEN YOU CAN'T
1470
00:46:14,567 --> 00:46:17,533
UN-SEE.
1471
00:46:17,533 --> 00:46:19,133
JUST LIKE THEY SAY, YOU CAN TAKE
1472
00:46:19,133 --> 00:46:20,533
THIS STUFF, AND IT SHOWS YOU
1473
00:46:20,533 --> 00:46:22,000
THESE SPECTACULAR IMAGES THAT
1474
00:46:22,000 --> 00:46:23,500
TEACH YOU THINGS.
1475
00:46:23,733 --> 00:46:25,533
>> THERE'S A WISDOM IN THE
1476
00:46:25,533 --> 00:46:27,433
PSYCHE THAT BECOMES MORE AND
1477
00:46:27,433 --> 00:46:29,400
MORE APPARENT, OF JUST WHAT A
1478
00:46:29,400 --> 00:46:31,467
PARTICULAR PERSON MOST NEEDS TO
1479
00:46:31,467 --> 00:46:35,800
EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO MATURE
1480
00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:38,467
PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND SPIRITUALLY.
1481
00:46:38,700 --> 00:46:40,300
>> IT IS OFTEN LIKE, "THAT IS
1482
00:46:40,300 --> 00:46:41,933
JUST WHAT I NEEDED TO KNOW --
1483
00:46:41,933 --> 00:46:43,500
PERHAPS NOT WHAT I WANTED TO
1484
00:46:43,500 --> 00:46:45,167
KNOW, BUT JUST WHAT I NEEDED TO
1485
00:46:45,167 --> 00:46:47,000
KNOW AT THAT MOMENT."
1486
00:47:04,133 --> 00:47:06,100
>> THOSE CULTURES WHERE
1487
00:47:06,100 --> 00:47:08,033
AYAHUASCA IS PART OF THE
1488
00:47:08,033 --> 00:47:10,000
CULTURE -- NO ONE USES IT
1489
00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:11,133
FRIVOLOUSLY.
1490
00:47:11,133 --> 00:47:13,500
THE KIDS DON'T GO OFF AND PARTY
1491
00:47:13,500 --> 00:47:14,367
WITH IT.
1492
00:47:14,367 --> 00:47:16,667
IT'S USED IN A VERY RESPECTFUL
1493
00:47:16,667 --> 00:47:18,667
WAY, WITH ELDERS, SHAMANS,
1494
00:47:18,667 --> 00:47:20,700
PEOPLE THAT KNOW HOW TO USE IT,
1495
00:47:20,700 --> 00:47:22,633
GUIDING AND HAVING A SAFE SET
1496
00:47:22,633 --> 00:47:23,633
AND SETTING.
1497
00:47:23,867 --> 00:47:25,900
THE MIND-SET OF THE SUBJECT AND
1498
00:47:25,900 --> 00:47:27,967
THE THERAPIST AND THE SETTING IN
1499
00:47:27,967 --> 00:47:29,833
WHICH IT OCCURS MAKES A HUGE
1500
00:47:29,833 --> 00:47:30,733
DIFFERENCE.
1501
00:47:30,733 --> 00:47:32,967
>> SO, I THINK THAT'S VERY
1502
00:47:32,967 --> 00:47:35,433
HOPEFUL BECAUSE YOU'RE SEEING
1503
00:47:35,433 --> 00:47:37,833
SORT OF A MIGRATION TOGETHER
1504
00:47:37,833 --> 00:47:40,300
AGAIN OF SHAMANISM, WHICH HAS
1505
00:47:40,300 --> 00:47:42,833
ALWAYS ESSENTIALLY BEEN A FORM
1506
00:47:42,833 --> 00:47:45,300
OF PSYCHOTHERAPY IN WHICH THE
1507
00:47:45,300 --> 00:47:47,767
USE OF THESE SUBSTANCES IS AN
1508
00:47:47,767 --> 00:47:49,133
INTEGRAL PART.
1509
00:47:49,133 --> 00:47:51,500
AND NOW THAT'S COMING TOGETHER
1510
00:47:51,500 --> 00:47:53,700
WITH CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY AND
1511
00:47:53,700 --> 00:47:55,533
CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE.
1512
00:47:55,533 --> 00:47:57,433
SO, I THINK THAT'S VERY
1513
00:47:57,433 --> 00:48:00,033
ENCOURAGING BECAUSE IT FORCES US
1514
00:48:00,033 --> 00:48:02,267
TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT MIND AND
1515
00:48:02,267 --> 00:48:04,700
SPIRIT AND SOUL ARE ALL PART OF
1516
00:48:04,700 --> 00:48:06,000
THIS EQUATION.
1517
00:48:06,000 --> 00:48:09,300
>> IT'S TRUE THAT AYAHUASCA HAS
1518
00:48:09,300 --> 00:48:12,533
BECOME SURPRISINGLY POPULAR IN
1519
00:48:12,533 --> 00:48:13,567
THE WESTERN WORLD.
1520
00:48:13,567 --> 00:48:15,100
WHAT'S SURPRISING ABOUT IT IS
1521
00:48:15,100 --> 00:48:16,367
IT'S NOT NECESSARILY AN
1522
00:48:16,367 --> 00:48:17,533
ENJOYABLE EXPERIENCE.
1523
00:48:17,533 --> 00:48:18,333
IT'S A PURGE.
1524
00:48:18,333 --> 00:48:20,000
IT CAN MAKE YOU VOMIT AND SO ON.
1525
00:48:20,000 --> 00:48:21,400
I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT
1526
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:23,600
EXACTLY A PARTY DRUG.
1527
00:48:23,833 --> 00:48:25,267
>> I MUST SAY, YOU WOULDN'T
1528
00:48:25,267 --> 00:48:26,867
DRINK AYAHUASCA OUT OF CEREMONY.
1529
00:48:26,867 --> 00:48:28,367
IT'S NOT ANYTHING THAT YOU DO
1530
00:48:28,367 --> 00:48:29,800
LIGHTLY, AND YOU WANT TO BE
1531
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:31,300
DOING IT WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVE
1532
00:48:31,300 --> 00:48:32,667
BEEN THERE BEFORE, WHO ARE
1533
00:48:32,667 --> 00:48:34,233
HELPING YOU, AND WHO KNOW WHAT
1534
00:48:34,233 --> 00:48:35,967
THEY'RE DOING.
1535
00:48:35,967 --> 00:48:37,467
>> BUT I REMEMBER AFTER ONE OF
1536
00:48:37,467 --> 00:48:38,633
THESE SESSIONS KIND OF
1537
00:48:38,633 --> 00:48:40,233
INNOCENTLY SAYING TO THE MEN WHO
1538
00:48:40,233 --> 00:48:41,767
I'D BEEN UP ALL NIGHT WITH -- I
1539
00:48:41,767 --> 00:48:43,200
SAID, "MY GOD, THIS STUFF IS
1540
00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:44,067
REALLY INCREDIBLE.
1541
00:48:44,067 --> 00:48:45,500
I MEAN, IT JUST SEEMS TO -- IT'S
1542
00:48:45,500 --> 00:48:46,100
TERRIFYING.
1543
00:48:46,100 --> 00:48:47,333
I MEAN, SOME OF THE VISIONS
1544
00:48:47,333 --> 00:48:48,733
JUST, YOU KNOW -- DON'T YOU GUYS
1545
00:48:48,733 --> 00:48:50,233
GET SCARED?"
1546
00:48:50,467 --> 00:48:51,900
AND THEY JUST SAID, YOU KNOW,
1547
00:48:51,900 --> 00:48:53,400
"YEAH, YOU KNOW, IT SCARES THE
1548
00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:54,300
HECK OUT OF US."
1549
00:48:54,300 --> 00:48:55,733
THE IDEA IS TO SORT OF RIP
1550
00:48:55,733 --> 00:48:57,467
THROUGH THE PLACENTA OF ORDINARY
1551
00:48:57,467 --> 00:48:59,033
CONSCIOUSNESS TO ACHIEVE SOME
1552
00:48:59,033 --> 00:49:00,800
KIND OF ILLUMINATION, BUT NOBODY
1553
00:49:00,800 --> 00:49:02,500
SAID THE JOURNEY WAS SUPPOSED TO
1554
00:49:02,500 --> 00:49:03,333
BE PLEASANT.
1555
00:49:03,333 --> 00:49:05,000
>> IT'S NOTHING I PARTICULARLY
1556
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:06,733
EITHER LOOK FORWARD TO OR ENJOY
1557
00:49:06,733 --> 00:49:09,367
VERY MUCH WHEN IT HAPPENS.
1558
00:49:09,367 --> 00:49:10,600
BUT AFTER IT HAPPENS, THERE'S A
1559
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:11,867
KIND OF CLARITY AND A LIGHTNESS
1560
00:49:11,867 --> 00:49:15,300
THAT'S POWERFUL BECAUSE WHAT'S
1561
00:49:15,300 --> 00:49:16,567
BEING PURGED, ACTUALLY, IS
1562
00:49:16,567 --> 00:49:17,933
PSYCHIC CONTENTS THAT YOU'VE
1563
00:49:17,933 --> 00:49:19,633
BEEN HOLDING ON TO.
1564
00:49:19,633 --> 00:49:21,267
YOU'RE PURGING ANGER.
1565
00:49:21,267 --> 00:49:22,533
YOU'RE PURGING PAIN.
1566
00:49:22,533 --> 00:49:25,433
YOU'RE PURGING SOME FALSE STORY
1567
00:49:25,433 --> 00:49:26,733
ABOUT THE SELF.
1568
00:49:26,733 --> 00:49:29,100
>> WHAT FASTER WAY, IF YOU'RE A
1569
00:49:29,100 --> 00:49:31,333
WESTERNER, TO SORT OF FIND AN
1570
00:49:31,333 --> 00:49:33,067
ANTIDOTE TO SHOPPING,
1571
00:49:33,067 --> 00:49:35,467
MATERIALISM, AND LACK OF MEANING
1572
00:49:35,467 --> 00:49:37,500
BY HAVING THIS EXPERIENCE?
1573
00:49:37,500 --> 00:49:39,300
[ WOMAN SINGING IN FOREIGN
1574
00:49:39,300 --> 00:49:40,167
LANGUAGE ]
1575
00:49:40,167 --> 00:49:42,000
>> WHAT WE HAVE WITNESSED HERE
1576
00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:43,833
IS THE SURVIVAL OF A TRADITION
1577
00:49:43,833 --> 00:49:46,300
ALMOST AS OLD AS MAN HIMSELF.
1578
00:50:16,367 --> 00:50:18,067
>> AND WHAT WE HAD DONE,
1579
00:50:18,067 --> 00:50:20,000
LIEUTENANT, WAS TO ESTABLISH
1580
00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:21,933
DEFINITELY AND FOR THE FIRST
1581
00:50:21,933 --> 00:50:23,467
TIME, THROUGH CAREFUL
1582
00:50:23,467 --> 00:50:25,233
EXPERIMENTS, THAT MAN, AT
1583
00:50:25,233 --> 00:50:26,933
PRESENT, IS USING ONLY A
1584
00:50:26,933 --> 00:50:29,633
FRACTION OF HIS BRAIN CAPACITY,
1585
00:50:29,633 --> 00:50:31,233
ESPECIALLY IN THE FIELD OF
1586
00:50:31,233 --> 00:50:33,733
AWARENESS, AND THAT CERTAIN
1587
00:50:33,733 --> 00:50:36,067
DRUGS ARE POWERFUL DEVICES FOR
1588
00:50:36,067 --> 00:50:38,467
EXPANDING THIS AWARENESS TOWARD
1589
00:50:38,467 --> 00:50:40,333
ITS REAL POSSIBILITIES.
1590
00:50:40,333 --> 00:50:42,933
>> * BROTHER AND SISTER
1591
00:50:42,933 --> 00:50:45,433
* TOGETHER WE'LL MAKE IT
1592
00:50:45,433 --> 00:50:48,267
THROUGH *
1593
00:50:48,267 --> 00:50:51,167
* OH, YEAH
1594
00:50:51,167 --> 00:50:54,633
* SOMEDAY OUR SPIRIT WILL TAKE
1595
00:50:54,633 --> 00:51:01,000
YOU AND GUIDE YOU THERE *
1596
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,800
* AND I'LL BE THERE JUST HELPING
1597
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:10,767
YOU OUT WHENEVER I CAN *
1598
00:51:10,767 --> 00:51:12,533
>> * EVERYBODY'S FREE
1599
00:51:12,533 --> 00:51:16,400
>> * EVERYBODY'S FREE
1600
00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:20,233
* OH, YEAH-AH-AH
1601
00:51:20,233 --> 00:51:25,733
* OH, TO FEEL GOOD
1602
00:51:25,733 --> 00:51:27,500
>> THE SUCCESSFULLY MARKETED
1603
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:29,467
SEROTONIN ANTIDEPRESSANTS WHICH
1604
00:51:29,467 --> 00:51:31,300
CAME INTO CONSUMER USE IN THE
1605
00:51:31,300 --> 00:51:33,133
1980s WERE SOLD AS MECHANICAL
1606
00:51:33,133 --> 00:51:34,233
FIX-ITS.
1607
00:51:34,233 --> 00:51:36,033
IN THE MARKETER'S DREAM, THE
1608
00:51:36,033 --> 00:51:37,733
COMPLEX SYSTEM OF SELF AND
1609
00:51:37,733 --> 00:51:39,767
ENVIRONMENT WAS DISTILLED INTO A
1610
00:51:39,767 --> 00:51:41,733
PILL TO BE CHEERFULLY SWALLOWED
1611
00:51:41,733 --> 00:51:43,633
ON A DAILY BASIS, OFFERING THE
1612
00:51:43,633 --> 00:51:45,667
PROMISE THAT YOU WOULD RETURN TO
1613
00:51:45,667 --> 00:51:47,633
THE PERSONA OF A PRODUCTIVE AND
1614
00:51:47,633 --> 00:51:49,300
CONTENTED CITIZEN.
1615
00:51:49,300 --> 00:51:51,500
>> THIS IDEA THAT WE CAN SOMEHOW
1616
00:51:51,500 --> 00:51:53,633
MEDICATE OURSELVES INTO A STATE
1617
00:51:53,633 --> 00:51:55,800
OF HAPPINESS -- THIS ENCOURAGES
1618
00:51:55,800 --> 00:51:57,467
DRUG DEPENDENCE, AND IT
1619
00:51:57,467 --> 00:51:59,700
ENCOURAGES PEOPLE TO NOT REALLY
1620
00:51:59,700 --> 00:52:01,800
EXAMINE THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE
1621
00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,967
PROBLEM THAT MADE THEM FEEL BAD
1622
00:52:03,967 --> 00:52:06,067
IN THE FIRST PLACE BECAUSE YOU
1623
00:52:06,067 --> 00:52:08,100
CAN SIMPLY MASK THE SYMPTOMS.
1624
00:52:08,100 --> 00:52:09,600
>> IT'S NOT LIKE ANY INDIVIDUAL
1625
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:10,667
IS WRONG TO DO THAT.
1626
00:52:10,667 --> 00:52:12,133
IT'S THE PICTURE THAT'S WRONG.
1627
00:52:12,133 --> 00:52:13,600
THE INDIVIDUALS ARE SUFFERING,
1628
00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:14,567
CLEARLY, YOU KNOW?
1629
00:52:14,567 --> 00:52:16,067
WE HAVE TO HAVE COMPASSION FOR
1630
00:52:16,067 --> 00:52:17,567
PEOPLE LOOKING FOR SOLUTIONS TO
1631
00:52:17,567 --> 00:52:18,867
THEIR PERSONAL PROBLEMS IN
1632
00:52:18,867 --> 00:52:20,300
WHATEVER WAY THEY CAN, BUT IT
1633
00:52:20,300 --> 00:52:22,533
DOESN'T SEEM THAT MEDICINES THAT
1634
00:52:22,533 --> 00:52:24,667
DAMPEN YOUR DESIRES AND DAMPEN
1635
00:52:24,667 --> 00:52:26,700
YOUR IDENTITY AND DAMPEN YOUR
1636
00:52:26,700 --> 00:52:28,933
CARING ABOUT THIS WORLD ARE GOOD
1637
00:52:28,933 --> 00:52:31,133
MEDICINES FOR THE INDIVIDUAL OR
1638
00:52:31,133 --> 00:52:33,133
FOR THE PLANET.
1639
00:52:33,133 --> 00:52:34,900
>> OVERBURDENED BY THEIR HMO
1640
00:52:34,900 --> 00:52:36,633
SCHEDULES, DOCTORS NO LONGER
1641
00:52:36,633 --> 00:52:38,467
HAVE THE TIME TO WORK THROUGH
1642
00:52:38,467 --> 00:52:40,067
SERIOUS ISSUES WITH THEIR
1643
00:52:40,067 --> 00:52:40,800
PATIENTS.
1644
00:52:40,800 --> 00:52:42,533
THEIR ONLY RECOURSE IS TO
1645
00:52:42,533 --> 00:52:44,300
ISSUE A QUICK PRESCRIPTION.
1646
00:52:44,300 --> 00:52:46,167
>> THAT'S ONE OF THE PROBLEMS
1647
00:52:46,167 --> 00:52:48,167
AND WHY IT'S DIFFICULT FOR DRUGS
1648
00:52:48,167 --> 00:52:49,567
LIKE LSD OR THE OTHER
1649
00:52:49,567 --> 00:52:51,433
PSYCHEDELICS TO BE INTEGRATED
1650
00:52:51,433 --> 00:52:53,333
INTO THE MEDICAL MODEL -- IT'S
1651
00:52:53,333 --> 00:52:54,367
AN EXPERIENCE.
1652
00:52:54,367 --> 00:52:55,833
A THERAPIST HAS TO ACTUALLY SIT
1653
00:52:55,833 --> 00:52:57,200
DOWN WITH THE PERSON AND TALK
1654
00:52:57,200 --> 00:52:59,600
WITH THEM.
1655
00:52:59,600 --> 00:53:02,233
>> DEPRESSION AND OTHER TYPES OF
1656
00:53:02,233 --> 00:53:04,800
MENTAL ILLNESSES ARE UNDERSTOOD
1657
00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:07,433
TO BE CHEMICAL IMBALANCES IN THE
1658
00:53:07,433 --> 00:53:08,233
BRAIN.
1659
00:53:08,233 --> 00:53:10,967
IT'S VERY RARE THAT, WHEN AN
1660
00:53:10,967 --> 00:53:13,367
SSRI IS PRESCRIBED, THAT
1661
00:53:13,367 --> 00:53:16,333
ACTUALLY MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN
1662
00:53:16,333 --> 00:53:18,967
TO ESTABLISH THAT THERE ARE
1663
00:53:18,967 --> 00:53:20,700
CHEMICAL IMBALANCES.
1664
00:53:20,700 --> 00:53:21,900
>> I DON'T THINK THAT CHEMISTRY
1665
00:53:21,900 --> 00:53:23,233
EXPLAINS DEPRESSION.
1666
00:53:23,467 --> 00:53:25,867
SO, THE IDEA THAT DEPRESSION CAN
1667
00:53:25,867 --> 00:53:27,833
BE RELATED SIMPLY TO SOME
1668
00:53:27,833 --> 00:53:30,100
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES -- I THINK
1669
00:53:30,100 --> 00:53:32,200
IT'S A VERY INADEQUATE THEORY.
1670
00:53:32,433 --> 00:53:34,700
BENEATH DEPRESSION ARE BASICALLY
1671
00:53:34,700 --> 00:53:36,367
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES.
1672
00:53:36,367 --> 00:53:38,567
FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, THAT'S A
1673
00:53:38,567 --> 00:53:40,733
SYMPTOM THAT WE HAVE SEEN MOST
1674
00:53:40,733 --> 00:53:42,233
FREQUENTLY CHANGED.
1675
00:53:42,233 --> 00:53:44,133
VERY PROFOUNDLY, WE HAVE SEEN
1676
00:53:44,133 --> 00:53:45,833
PEOPLE COMING OUT OF DEEP
1677
00:53:45,833 --> 00:53:47,567
DEPRESSION LASTING SEVERAL
1678
00:53:47,567 --> 00:53:49,300
YEARS, SOMETIMES AFTER ONE
1679
00:53:49,300 --> 00:53:50,033
SESSION.
1680
00:53:50,033 --> 00:53:51,467
>> THE COMPANIES ARE NOT
1681
00:53:51,467 --> 00:53:52,967
INTERESTED TO HEAR ABOUT A
1682
00:53:52,967 --> 00:53:54,733
TREATMENT THAT MAY NEED JUST TO
1683
00:53:54,733 --> 00:53:56,333
BE GIVEN ONCE OR TWICE, THAT
1684
00:53:56,333 --> 00:53:58,100
COULD MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO
1685
00:53:58,100 --> 00:53:58,700
PEOPLE.
1686
00:53:58,700 --> 00:54:00,800
>> AS FAR AS THE DOMINATING
1687
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:02,900
CULTURE, THE PHARMACEUTICAL,
1688
00:54:02,900 --> 00:54:05,233
INDUSTRIAL GOVERNMENT COMPLEX --
1689
00:54:05,233 --> 00:54:07,200
IT'S NOT THAT THEY DON'T WANT
1690
00:54:07,200 --> 00:54:08,567
YOU TO BE ON DRUGS.
1691
00:54:08,567 --> 00:54:10,533
THEY WANT YOU TO BE ON DRUGS.
1692
00:54:10,533 --> 00:54:12,367
THEY JUST WANT YOU TO BE ON
1693
00:54:12,367 --> 00:54:15,100
CORPORATE DRUGS.
1694
00:54:15,100 --> 00:54:16,333
>> BUT WHAT ABOUT THE
1695
00:54:16,333 --> 00:54:17,733
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES?
1696
00:54:17,733 --> 00:54:19,233
COULDN'T THEY MAKE A LOT OF
1697
00:54:19,233 --> 00:54:20,700
MONEY BY TURNING ALL THESE
1698
00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:22,333
SUBSTANCES INTO PHARMACEUTICAL
1699
00:54:22,333 --> 00:54:23,000
PRODUCTS?
1700
00:54:23,000 --> 00:54:25,033
>> ALL OF THESE DRUGS ARE OFF
1701
00:54:25,033 --> 00:54:26,200
PATENT.
1702
00:54:26,433 --> 00:54:28,633
MDMA -- PATENTED IN 1914 -- IT'S
1703
00:54:28,633 --> 00:54:30,167
IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
1704
00:54:30,167 --> 00:54:31,600
LSD -- FIRST SYNTHESIZED IN
1705
00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:32,933
'38 -- IT'S IN THE PUBLIC
1706
00:54:32,933 --> 00:54:33,467
DOMAIN.
1707
00:54:33,467 --> 00:54:35,067
PSILOCYBIN WAS FIRST SYNTHESIZED
1708
00:54:35,067 --> 00:54:35,833
IN THE '50s.
1709
00:54:35,833 --> 00:54:37,167
IT'S IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
1710
00:54:37,167 --> 00:54:38,233
MARIJUANA IS A PLANT.
1711
00:54:38,233 --> 00:54:39,700
THESE THINGS ARE IN THE PUBLIC
1712
00:54:39,700 --> 00:54:41,033
DOMAIN.
1713
00:54:41,267 --> 00:54:43,067
>> THE CORPORATE, GOVERNMENT
1714
00:54:43,067 --> 00:54:45,100
APPROACH IS, "IF WE CAN'T PATENT
1715
00:54:45,100 --> 00:54:46,633
IT, LET'S PROHIBIT IT."
1716
00:54:46,633 --> 00:54:48,467
ALL YOU DO BY BANNING THESE
1717
00:54:48,467 --> 00:54:50,233
THINGS PREEMPTIVELY IS YOU
1718
00:54:50,233 --> 00:54:51,767
CREATE A BLACK MARKET.
1719
00:54:51,767 --> 00:54:53,967
YOU CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR
1720
00:54:53,967 --> 00:54:56,133
SOMEBODY TO GET VERY RICH BY
1721
00:54:56,133 --> 00:54:58,333
DEALING IN, YOU KNOW, WHAT IS
1722
00:54:58,333 --> 00:55:00,767
NOW A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE, AND
1723
00:55:00,767 --> 00:55:02,467
YOU MOTIVATE INTREPID
1724
00:55:02,467 --> 00:55:04,733
PSYCHONAUTS TO EXPERIMENT EVEN
1725
00:55:04,733 --> 00:55:05,567
MORE.
1726
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:07,767
>> THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE
1727
00:55:07,767 --> 00:55:09,767
USING SUBSTANCES -- ALL KINDS OF
1728
00:55:09,767 --> 00:55:11,667
DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES, LEGAL AND
1729
00:55:11,667 --> 00:55:13,233
ILLEGAL -- "JUST GIVE ME
1730
00:55:13,233 --> 00:55:15,200
SOMETHING, LET'S JUST FORGET WHO
1731
00:55:15,200 --> 00:55:16,867
I AM AND WHAT'S GOING ON."
1732
00:55:17,067 --> 00:55:19,300
AND MEDICINE IS THE OPPOSITE --
1733
00:55:19,300 --> 00:55:21,300
"LET'S EXPLORE WHO I AM AND
1734
00:55:21,300 --> 00:55:22,900
LET'S UNDERSTAND IT."
1735
00:55:22,900 --> 00:55:24,633
>> PSYCHEDELICS OPEN UP THE DOOR
1736
00:55:24,633 --> 00:55:25,800
TO OUR INNER PSYCHE.
1737
00:55:25,800 --> 00:55:27,400
SO, WE HAVE HUMAN EXPERIENCES
1738
00:55:27,400 --> 00:55:28,767
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A
1739
00:55:28,767 --> 00:55:30,167
PSYCHEDELIC RATHER THAN A
1740
00:55:30,167 --> 00:55:31,767
PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE THAT'S
1741
00:55:31,767 --> 00:55:33,367
SOMEHOW OR OTHER INTRINSIC TO
1742
00:55:33,367 --> 00:55:34,033
THE DRUG.
1743
00:55:34,033 --> 00:55:36,067
>> A FLOOD OF FINDINGS WITH DRUG
1744
00:55:36,067 --> 00:55:37,867
ADDICTS AND CONVICTED FELONS
1745
00:55:37,867 --> 00:55:39,700
SHOWED THAT THESE SUBSTANCES
1746
00:55:39,700 --> 00:55:41,433
COULD RECONDITION BEHAVIOR,
1747
00:55:41,433 --> 00:55:43,367
ENABLING THEM TO MAKE DRAMATIC
1748
00:55:43,367 --> 00:55:45,833
CHANGES IN THEIR LIVES.
1749
00:55:45,833 --> 00:55:47,767
AFTER PARTICIPATING IN ONE OF
1750
00:55:47,767 --> 00:55:49,500
THESE EXPERIMENTS HIMSELF,
1751
00:55:49,500 --> 00:55:51,333
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS FOUNDER
1752
00:55:51,333 --> 00:55:53,200
BILL WILSON BECAME CONVINCED
1753
00:55:53,200 --> 00:55:55,000
THAT LSD COULD CURE CHRONIC
1754
00:55:55,000 --> 00:55:56,733
ALCOHOLISM.
1755
00:55:56,733 --> 00:55:59,233
IN A SERIES OF STUDIES CONDUCTED
1756
00:55:59,233 --> 00:56:01,000
BETWEEN 1954 AND 1960,
1757
00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:03,200
DR. HUMPHRY OSMOND PROVED HIM
1758
00:56:03,200 --> 00:56:05,633
RIGHT, TREATING 2,000 ALCOHOLICS
1759
00:56:05,633 --> 00:56:07,533
WITH LSD UNDER CAREFULLY
1760
00:56:07,533 --> 00:56:09,500
CONTROLLED CONDITIONS AND
1761
00:56:09,500 --> 00:56:11,700
ACHIEVING A SUCCESS RATE THAT
1762
00:56:11,700 --> 00:56:14,133
HAD NEVER BEEN DUPLICATED BY ANY
1763
00:56:14,133 --> 00:56:15,700
OTHER MEANS.
1764
00:56:15,700 --> 00:56:17,433
>> WE'VE TURNED THE CORNER ON
1765
00:56:17,433 --> 00:56:18,767
DRUG ADDICTION IN THE
1766
00:56:18,767 --> 00:56:19,767
UNITED STATES.
1767
00:56:19,767 --> 00:56:21,100
DRUG ADDICTION IN THE
1768
00:56:21,100 --> 00:56:22,933
UNITED STATES IS UNDER CONTROL.
1769
00:56:22,933 --> 00:56:23,967
>> FIRST OF ALL, THE WORD
1770
00:56:23,967 --> 00:56:25,100
"ADDICTION" ITSELF COMES FROM
1771
00:56:25,100 --> 00:56:26,167
THE LATIN WORD "ADDICTUS."
1772
00:56:26,167 --> 00:56:27,400
AN ADDICTUS WAS SOMEBODY WHO
1773
00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:28,700
OWED SOMEBODY MONEY, COULDN'T
1774
00:56:28,700 --> 00:56:30,100
PAY IT BACK, AND HAD TO BECOME A
1775
00:56:30,100 --> 00:56:32,000
SLAVE TO THEM.
1776
00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:33,967
SO, ADDICTION ALWAYS IMPLIES
1777
00:56:33,967 --> 00:56:34,767
SLAVERY.
1778
00:56:34,767 --> 00:56:36,867
THAT OF COURSE INCLUDES DRUGS,
1779
00:56:36,867 --> 00:56:38,800
BUT ALSO INCLUDES SHOPPING,
1780
00:56:38,800 --> 00:56:40,967
SEXOHOLISM, ADDICTION TO POWER,
1781
00:56:40,967 --> 00:56:43,067
ADDICTION TO WEALTH, ADDICTION
1782
00:56:43,067 --> 00:56:45,233
TO VIOLENCE, ADDICTION TO WORK.
1783
00:56:45,233 --> 00:56:47,367
ANYTHING THAT WE TRY AND USE TO
1784
00:56:47,367 --> 00:56:49,233
FILL THE INTERNAL VOID CAN
1785
00:56:49,233 --> 00:56:50,567
BECOME ADDICTIVE.
1786
00:56:50,567 --> 00:56:52,467
ON TOP OF THAT, OF COURSE, WE
1787
00:56:52,467 --> 00:56:54,367
LIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT VALUES
1788
00:56:54,367 --> 00:56:55,200
EXTERNALS.
1789
00:56:55,200 --> 00:56:57,033
EVERYBODY GETS THE MESSAGE THAT
1790
00:56:57,033 --> 00:56:58,700
THEY'RE NOT ADEQUATE BECAUSE
1791
00:56:58,700 --> 00:57:00,567
THOSE PERCEPTIONS OF NOT BEING
1792
00:57:00,567 --> 00:57:02,433
ADEQUATE IS WHAT DRIVE A LOT OF
1793
00:57:02,433 --> 00:57:03,300
CONSUMERISM.
1794
00:57:03,300 --> 00:57:05,133
SO, THIS SOCIETY AUTOMATICALLY
1795
00:57:05,133 --> 00:57:06,800
AND UNCONSCIOUSLY GENERATES
1796
00:57:06,800 --> 00:57:08,700
INSECURITY IN ALMOST EVERYBODY,
1797
00:57:08,700 --> 00:57:10,533
WHICH OF COURSE IS AN ALIENATION
1798
00:57:10,533 --> 00:57:12,233
FROM THE SELF, WHICH OF COURSE
1799
00:57:12,233 --> 00:57:14,067
IS A SOURCE OF INTERNAL DISTRESS
1800
00:57:14,067 --> 00:57:15,800
AND PAIN, WHICH AGAIN LEADS TO
1801
00:57:15,800 --> 00:57:18,833
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS.
1802
00:57:18,833 --> 00:57:20,033
>> THE SEROTONERGIC
1803
00:57:20,033 --> 00:57:21,800
HALLUCINOGENS IN PARTICULAR --
1804
00:57:21,800 --> 00:57:23,567
THEY'RE CLASSIFIED AS DRUGS OF
1805
00:57:23,567 --> 00:57:25,433
ADDICTION, BUT THEY DON'T INDUCE
1806
00:57:25,433 --> 00:57:27,167
ADDICTIVE SYNDROMES IN ANY WAY
1807
00:57:27,167 --> 00:57:29,033
THAT WE CAN MEASURE THEM, EITHER
1808
00:57:29,033 --> 00:57:30,700
IN ANIMAL MODELS OR IN HUMAN
1809
00:57:30,700 --> 00:57:31,300
MODELS.
1810
00:57:31,300 --> 00:57:33,233
AND IN FACT, IN A WAY, THEY'RE
1811
00:57:33,233 --> 00:57:35,100
MISCLASSIFIED AS HAVING HIGH
1812
00:57:35,100 --> 00:57:36,500
ADDICTIVE POTENTIAL.
1813
00:57:36,500 --> 00:57:38,133
AND THE REALITY IS, WHEN USED
1814
00:57:38,133 --> 00:57:39,500
UNDER THE RIGHT KIND OF
1815
00:57:39,500 --> 00:57:41,300
CONSTRUCTS, THEY CAN ACTUALLY BE
1816
00:57:41,300 --> 00:57:43,100
USED TO TREAT ADDICTIVE SPECTRUM
1817
00:57:43,100 --> 00:57:45,067
DISORDERS.
1818
00:57:45,067 --> 00:57:46,667
>> THESE DRUGS ARE ILLEGAL.
1819
00:57:46,667 --> 00:57:47,767
AND ONE REMEMBERS
1820
00:57:47,767 --> 00:57:49,067
PROFESSOR DAVID NUTT.
1821
00:57:49,067 --> 00:57:50,933
I MEAN, IT GOT SO MANY HEADLINES
1822
00:57:50,933 --> 00:57:51,767
AT THE TIME.
1823
00:57:51,767 --> 00:57:53,633
HE WAS SACKED BY THE FORMER HOME
1824
00:57:53,633 --> 00:57:55,467
SECRETARY FOR HIS ADVICE, SAYING
1825
00:57:55,467 --> 00:57:57,233
THAT ECSTASY AND LSD WERE LESS
1826
00:57:57,233 --> 00:57:58,533
HARMFUL THAN ALCOHOL.
1827
00:57:58,533 --> 00:58:00,600
SHOULD, PERHAPS, PEOPLE VIEW
1828
00:58:00,600 --> 00:58:02,700
THIS IN THE CONTEXT THAT THERE
1829
00:58:02,700 --> 00:58:04,633
IS SOMEONE PERHAPS WHO JUST
1830
00:58:04,633 --> 00:58:06,767
GENERALLY WANTS LESS REGULATION
1831
00:58:06,767 --> 00:58:08,467
OF SOME OF THESE DRUGS?
1832
00:58:08,467 --> 00:58:10,333
>> WELL, THIS IS A VERY SPECIFIC
1833
00:58:10,333 --> 00:58:11,800
APPLICATION OF THE DRUGS.
1834
00:58:11,800 --> 00:58:13,600
IT'S A MEDICAL APPLICATION, AND
1835
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:15,367
THESE ARE PRELIMINARY RESULTS.
1836
00:58:15,367 --> 00:58:17,500
AND SO WE'RE INTERESTED IN THE
1837
00:58:17,500 --> 00:58:19,133
POTENTIAL OF THE DRUG.
1838
00:58:19,133 --> 00:58:21,333
SO, REALLY, IT DOESN'T DIRECTLY
1839
00:58:21,333 --> 00:58:23,333
IMPLICATE THE POLICY ISSUES.
1840
00:58:23,333 --> 00:58:25,500
WE'RE MORE INTERESTED IN BEING
1841
00:58:25,500 --> 00:58:27,800
ABLE TO RESEARCH THESE DRUGS FOR
1842
00:58:27,800 --> 00:58:29,300
THEIR POTENTIAL BENEFITS.
1843
00:58:41,100 --> 00:58:43,833
>> NO THEORY OF NEUROSCIENCE, NO
1844
00:58:43,833 --> 00:58:46,467
THEORY OF THE BRAIN AND HOW THE
1845
00:58:46,467 --> 00:58:48,233
BRAIN IS RELATED TO
1846
00:58:48,233 --> 00:58:50,500
CONSCIOUSNESS WILL EVER BE
1847
00:58:50,500 --> 00:58:54,100
COMPLETE IF IT DOESN'T TAKE
1848
00:58:54,100 --> 00:58:57,333
THESE PHENOMENA INTO ACCOUNT.
1849
00:58:57,333 --> 00:58:58,967
>> I WENT TO LONDON A COUPLE OF
1850
00:58:58,967 --> 00:59:00,567
YEARS AGO, WHERE THERE WAS SOME
1851
00:59:00,567 --> 00:59:02,067
PSYCHIATRIST REALLY TRYING TO
1852
00:59:02,067 --> 00:59:03,500
OPEN UP JUST EVEN LOOKING AT
1853
00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:05,333
WHAT THE OLD RESEARCH WITH LSD
1854
00:59:05,333 --> 00:59:07,033
HAS SHOWN, WHAT THE OLD AND
1855
00:59:07,033 --> 00:59:08,767
CURRENT RESEARCH ON MDMA HAS
1856
00:59:08,767 --> 00:59:09,600
SHOWN.
1857
00:59:09,833 --> 00:59:11,533
AND THEY'RE JUST TRYING AT THAT
1858
00:59:11,533 --> 00:59:12,033
LEVEL.
1859
00:59:12,033 --> 00:59:13,600
NO ONE'S DOING ANY RESEARCH.
1860
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:14,833
THEY'RE JUST TRYING TO
1861
00:59:14,833 --> 00:59:16,500
REINTRODUCE THE FACT THAT THESE
1862
00:59:16,500 --> 00:59:17,967
DRUGS WERE USED, HAD GREAT
1863
00:59:17,967 --> 00:59:19,800
THERAPEUTIC RESULTS.
1864
00:59:20,033 --> 00:59:21,633
AND FOR SOME REASON, THE WHOLE
1865
00:59:21,633 --> 00:59:22,900
THING WAS SHUT DOWN AND
1866
00:59:22,900 --> 00:59:23,533
SQUASHED.
1867
00:59:23,533 --> 00:59:26,433
>> FOR VARIOUS COMPLICATED AND
1868
00:59:26,433 --> 00:59:28,867
MISPLACED REASONS, THESE
1869
00:59:28,867 --> 00:59:31,767
SUBSTANCES, WHICH HISTORICALLY
1870
00:59:31,767 --> 00:59:34,833
HAVE ALWAYS BEEN TOTALLY SACRED,
1871
00:59:34,833 --> 00:59:37,667
AT THE CENTER OF THE CULTURAL
1872
00:59:37,667 --> 00:59:40,733
EVOLUTION OF MAN -- THEY'VE BEEN
1873
00:59:40,733 --> 00:59:45,700
SHOVED IN THE BAG OF ILLEGALITY.
1874
00:59:45,700 --> 00:59:47,700
>> THE POWERS THAT BE HAVE HELD
1875
00:59:47,700 --> 00:59:49,433
THAT THESE THINGS SHOULD NOT BE
1876
00:59:49,433 --> 00:59:50,167
ALLOWED.
1877
00:59:50,167 --> 00:59:51,633
THEY'RE STILL ILLEGAL
1878
00:59:51,633 --> 00:59:53,500
GENERALLY -- NOT ALL OF THEM,
1879
00:59:53,500 --> 00:59:54,733
BUT MANY OF THEM.
1880
00:59:54,733 --> 00:59:56,133
THEY'RE HELD OUTSIDE -- NOT IN
1881
00:59:56,133 --> 00:59:57,600
OTHER COUNTRIES NECESSARILY, NOT
1882
00:59:57,600 --> 00:59:58,700
IN EVERY COUNTRY -- THE
1883
00:59:58,700 --> 01:00:00,133
COUNTRIES WHERE THEY'RE
1884
01:00:00,133 --> 01:00:01,800
TRADITIONS, NO, THAT PART OF
1885
01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:03,633
THEIR INNATE CHARACTER OF THEIR
1886
01:00:03,633 --> 01:00:05,500
PEOPLE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO
1887
01:00:05,500 --> 01:00:07,167
THE LAND COMES THROUGH THESE
1888
01:00:07,167 --> 01:00:07,933
MEDICINES.
1889
01:00:07,933 --> 01:00:09,200
WHY WOULD THEY MAKE THEM
1890
01:00:09,200 --> 01:00:09,767
ILLEGAL?
1891
01:00:09,767 --> 01:00:11,300
THEY WOULD TEAR THE PEOPLE AWAY
1892
01:00:11,300 --> 01:00:12,733
FROM THEIR OWN HISTORY, FROM
1893
01:00:12,733 --> 01:00:14,267
THEIR OWN LAND, FROM THEIR OWN
1894
01:00:14,267 --> 01:00:15,800
SENSE OF NATURE, FROM THEIR OWN
1895
01:00:15,800 --> 01:00:16,333
HEALTH.
1896
01:00:16,333 --> 01:00:17,867
>> OUR DECISIONS THAT OUR
1897
01:00:17,867 --> 01:00:19,433
GOVERNMENTS MAKE ABOUT THE
1898
01:00:19,433 --> 01:00:20,800
APPLICABILITY OF THESE
1899
01:00:20,800 --> 01:00:22,600
SUBSTANCES FOR THE TREATMENT OF
1900
01:00:22,600 --> 01:00:24,400
VERY IMPORTANT MEDICAL PROBLEMS
1901
01:00:24,400 --> 01:00:26,133
ARE NOT BASED UPON SCIENTIFIC
1902
01:00:26,133 --> 01:00:26,833
EVIDENCE.
1903
01:00:26,833 --> 01:00:28,100
THEY'RE BASED UPON A
1904
01:00:28,100 --> 01:00:29,767
PROHIBITIONIST ATTITUDE THAT
1905
01:00:29,767 --> 01:00:31,533
SAYS THESE ARE DANGEROUS DRUGS
1906
01:00:31,533 --> 01:00:33,000
WITHOUT ANY MEDICAL USES
1907
01:00:33,000 --> 01:00:34,867
WHATSOEVER, IN SPITE OF THE FACT
1908
01:00:34,867 --> 01:00:36,733
THAT WE HAVE EVIDENCE THAT THESE
1909
01:00:36,733 --> 01:00:38,467
SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN USED FOR
1910
01:00:38,467 --> 01:00:40,100
MEDICAL PURPOSES FOR TENS OF
1911
01:00:40,100 --> 01:00:41,300
THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
1912
01:00:41,300 --> 01:00:42,867
BUT BECAUSE OF GOVERNMENT
1913
01:00:42,867 --> 01:00:44,767
REGULATIONS, WE'RE DENYING MAJOR
1914
01:00:44,767 --> 01:00:46,700
ASPECTS OF OUR POPULATION ACCESS
1915
01:00:46,700 --> 01:00:48,467
TO MEDICINES THAT THEY DEARLY
1916
01:00:48,467 --> 01:00:51,333
NEED.
1917
01:00:51,333 --> 01:00:52,933
>> ONE DAY IF THESE DRUGS ARE
1918
01:00:52,933 --> 01:00:54,433
RESCHEDULED, OF COURSE THEY
1919
01:00:54,433 --> 01:00:55,800
WOULD HAVE TO BE USED IN
1920
01:00:55,800 --> 01:00:57,500
CAREFULLY CONTROLLED SETTINGS BY
1921
01:00:57,500 --> 01:00:59,200
TRAINED AND SKILLED PEOPLE WHO
1922
01:00:59,200 --> 01:01:00,600
HAD UNDERGONE, LET'S SAY,
1923
01:01:00,600 --> 01:01:02,067
PSYCHEDELIC, PSYCHOTHERAPY
1924
01:01:02,067 --> 01:01:03,133
TRAINING PROGRAMS.
1925
01:01:03,133 --> 01:01:04,600
AND THERE WOULD HAVE TO BE
1926
01:01:04,600 --> 01:01:06,000
OVERSIGHT AND REGULATION.
1927
01:01:06,000 --> 01:01:07,733
>> IF IT BECOMES APPROVED FOR
1928
01:01:07,733 --> 01:01:09,233
MEDICAL USE, THAT'S GONNA
1929
01:01:09,233 --> 01:01:11,100
INVOLVE A SOCIETAL CHANGE IN THE
1930
01:01:11,100 --> 01:01:12,967
MEDICAL PROFESSION, LEARNING HOW
1931
01:01:12,967 --> 01:01:14,333
TO USE THESE PROPERLY.
1932
01:01:14,333 --> 01:01:16,600
>> THE FUTURE OF PSYCHEDELICS ON
1933
01:01:16,600 --> 01:01:18,767
THE IMMEDIATE FRONT IS GETTING
1934
01:01:18,767 --> 01:01:21,033
THEM ACCEPTED INTO CLINICAL USE,
1935
01:01:21,033 --> 01:01:22,967
MAYBE ESTABLISHING CENTERS OR
1936
01:01:22,967 --> 01:01:25,033
TRAINING CLINICIANS WHO CAN USE
1937
01:01:25,033 --> 01:01:27,167
THEM IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AND HAVING
1938
01:01:27,167 --> 01:01:29,167
PLACES WHERE PEOPLE CAN GO AND
1939
01:01:29,167 --> 01:01:31,200
HAVE THESE EXPERIENCES, WHETHER
1940
01:01:31,200 --> 01:01:33,067
THEY HAVE SPECIFIC MENTAL OR
1941
01:01:33,067 --> 01:01:34,967
PHYSICAL PROBLEMS OR WHETHER
1942
01:01:34,967 --> 01:01:36,633
THEY JUST WANT TO GO FOR
1943
01:01:36,633 --> 01:01:38,267
SPIRITUAL EXPLORATION OF
1944
01:01:38,267 --> 01:01:39,367
CONSCIOUSNESS.
1945
01:01:39,367 --> 01:01:40,833
>> AND IT'S POSSIBLE -- AND I
1946
01:01:40,833 --> 01:01:42,000
THINK IT WOULD BE VERY
1947
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:43,500
INTERESTING -- TO USE THEM NOT
1948
01:01:43,500 --> 01:01:45,067
JUST FOR DISEASE STATES, BUT TO
1949
01:01:45,067 --> 01:01:46,600
ENHANCE HUMAN GROWTH, SPIRITUAL
1950
01:01:46,600 --> 01:01:48,167
GROWTH, AND BEING MORE EMPATHIC
1951
01:01:48,167 --> 01:01:50,800
AND CONNECTED AND PERHAPS BETTER
1952
01:01:50,800 --> 01:01:51,767
HUMAN BEINGS.
1953
01:01:51,767 --> 01:01:53,667
>> IF WE LOOK AT OUR WORLD, WE
1954
01:01:53,667 --> 01:01:54,933
ARE INTELLECTUALLY,
1955
01:01:54,933 --> 01:01:56,400
TECHNOLOGICALLY VASTLY
1956
01:01:56,400 --> 01:01:57,967
OVERDEVELOPED, WITH VERY
1957
01:01:57,967 --> 01:02:00,933
PRIMITIVE EMOTIONS.
1958
01:02:00,933 --> 01:02:02,767
AND THAT'S WHY THE WORLD IS AT
1959
01:02:02,767 --> 01:02:03,300
RISK.
1960
01:02:03,300 --> 01:02:05,133
>> AND THAT SEEMS TO BE THE
1961
01:02:05,133 --> 01:02:06,967
MESSAGE THAT ONE GETS FROM
1962
01:02:06,967 --> 01:02:08,833
PSYCHEDELICS, IS, YOU KNOW,
1963
01:02:08,833 --> 01:02:09,700
"WAKE UP."
1964
01:02:09,700 --> 01:02:11,767
WE'RE POTENTIALLY THE SALVATION
1965
01:02:11,767 --> 01:02:13,333
OF THE PLANET AND ALSO
1966
01:02:13,333 --> 01:02:15,333
POTENTIALLY THE DESTRUCTION OF
1967
01:02:15,333 --> 01:02:16,267
THE PLANET.
1968
01:02:16,267 --> 01:02:18,500
AND IT MAY BE THAT MESSENGER
1969
01:02:18,500 --> 01:02:20,800
MOLECULES ARE A WAY TO TRY TO
1970
01:02:20,800 --> 01:02:22,700
INITIATE THIS DIALOGUE.
1971
01:02:22,700 --> 01:02:23,867
>> WELL, I THINK THE PEOPLE WHO
1972
01:02:23,867 --> 01:02:25,000
WOULD BENEFIT MOST OF ALL ARE
1973
01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:26,933
PROFESSORS.
1974
01:02:26,933 --> 01:02:29,000
I THINK IT WOULD BE EXTREMELY
1975
01:02:29,000 --> 01:02:31,000
GOOD FOR ALMOST ANYBODY WITH
1976
01:02:31,000 --> 01:02:33,000
FIXED IDEAS AND WITH A GREAT
1977
01:02:33,000 --> 01:02:35,133
CERTAINTY ABOUT WHAT'S WHAT TO
1978
01:02:35,133 --> 01:02:37,367
REALIZE THAT THE WORLD HE HAS
1979
01:02:37,367 --> 01:02:39,467
CONSTRUCTED IS BY NO MEANS THE
1980
01:02:39,467 --> 01:02:41,400
ONLY WORLD, THAT THERE ARE THESE
1981
01:02:41,400 --> 01:02:43,133
EXTRAORDINARY OTHER TYPES OF
1982
01:02:43,133 --> 01:02:44,933
UNIVERSE WHICH WE MAY INHABIT
1983
01:02:44,933 --> 01:02:46,600
AND WHICH WE SHOULD BE VERY
1984
01:02:46,600 --> 01:02:48,233
GRATEFUL FOR INHABITING, I
1985
01:02:48,233 --> 01:02:50,633
THINK.
1986
01:02:50,633 --> 01:02:52,200
>> PSYCHEDELICS -- THEY HELP
1987
01:02:52,200 --> 01:02:53,667
PEOPLE BECOME AWARE OF THE
1988
01:02:53,667 --> 01:02:55,333
MULTIDIMENSIONAL NATURE OF THE
1989
01:02:55,333 --> 01:02:56,867
UNIVERSE AND OF THEMSELVES.
1990
01:02:56,867 --> 01:02:57,867
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
1991
01:02:57,867 --> 01:02:59,433
TRANSFORMATION AT EVERY LEVEL --
1992
01:02:59,433 --> 01:03:00,800
PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, MENTAL,
1993
01:03:00,800 --> 01:03:01,800
SPIRITUAL.
1994
01:03:01,800 --> 01:03:04,400
>> THIS REDISCOVERY OF THE
1995
01:03:04,400 --> 01:03:07,500
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PSYCHEDELICS
1996
01:03:07,500 --> 01:03:10,600
IS OPENING THE DOOR TO THE STUDY
1997
01:03:10,600 --> 01:03:13,200
OF MANY ASPECTS OF SPIRIT.
1998
01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:16,267
AND I THINK SCIENCE WILL BE MUCH
1999
01:03:16,267 --> 01:03:17,867
RICHER FOR IT.
2000
01:03:17,867 --> 01:03:19,867
>> IN ORDER TO USE THESE
2001
01:03:19,867 --> 01:03:22,333
MEDICINES, YOU HAVE TO BE REBEL
2002
01:03:22,333 --> 01:03:24,767
ENOUGH AGAINST A TABOO TO LOOK
2003
01:03:24,767 --> 01:03:26,000
AT THE TABOO.
2004
01:03:26,000 --> 01:03:27,433
AND THE WHOLE NATURE OF A TABOO
2005
01:03:27,433 --> 01:03:28,867
IS THAT IT'S AN AREA OF CULTURE
2006
01:03:28,867 --> 01:03:30,200
WHERE WE'RE TOLD, "DON'T LOOK
2007
01:03:30,200 --> 01:03:30,633
THERE.
2008
01:03:30,633 --> 01:03:31,867
IT'S NOT GOOD TO EVEN LOOK
2009
01:03:31,867 --> 01:03:32,700
THERE."
2010
01:03:32,933 --> 01:03:36,167
>> WE HAVE NO REAL CLEAR IDEA OF
2011
01:03:36,167 --> 01:03:37,933
ALL THE DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT
2012
01:03:37,933 --> 01:03:39,367
HAVE BEEN INFLUENCED BY
2013
01:03:39,367 --> 01:03:41,267
PSYCHEDELICS -- KARY MULLIS, WHO
2014
01:03:41,267 --> 01:03:42,800
INVENTED POLYMERASE CHAIN
2015
01:03:42,800 --> 01:03:44,633
REACTION, FOR WHICH HE WON THE
2016
01:03:44,633 --> 01:03:45,500
NOBEL PRIZE.
2017
01:03:45,500 --> 01:03:47,000
STEVE JOBS HAS WRITTEN IN HIS
2018
01:03:47,000 --> 01:03:48,533
AUTOBIOGRAPHY ABOUT HOW LSD WAS
2019
01:03:48,533 --> 01:03:49,867
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
2020
01:03:49,867 --> 01:03:51,133
EXPERIENCES OF HIS LIFE.
2021
01:03:51,133 --> 01:03:53,933
PSYCHEDELICS HAVE CATALYZED IN
2022
01:03:53,933 --> 01:03:56,767
MANY PEOPLE A CREATIVE PROCESS
2023
01:03:56,767 --> 01:03:59,500
THAT HAS LED THEM TO MAKE MAJOR,
2024
01:03:59,500 --> 01:04:02,000
PROFOUND DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE
2025
01:04:02,000 --> 01:04:04,867
CHANGED THE FACE OF THE WORLD.
2026
01:04:04,867 --> 01:04:06,400
>> THERE ONLY SEEMS TO BE ONE
2027
01:04:06,400 --> 01:04:07,800
INGREDIENT IN THE RECIPE OF
2028
01:04:07,800 --> 01:04:09,033
SOCIAL CHANGE THAT OUR
2029
01:04:09,033 --> 01:04:10,633
GENERATION HAS TRIED TO EXPUNGE
2030
01:04:10,633 --> 01:04:12,233
FROM THE RECORD, AND THAT'S THE
2031
01:04:12,233 --> 01:04:13,700
FACT THAT MILLIONS OF US LAY
2032
01:04:13,700 --> 01:04:15,233
PROSTRATE BEFORE THE GATES OF
2033
01:04:15,233 --> 01:04:16,433
AWE, HAVING TAKEN SOME
2034
01:04:16,433 --> 01:04:17,933
PSYCHEDELIC SUBSTANCE.
2035
01:04:18,167 --> 01:04:19,567
AND CRITICS WHO'D ALWAYS SAY,
2036
01:04:19,567 --> 01:04:21,067
"DON'T TAKE THESE DRUGS BECAUSE
2037
01:04:21,067 --> 01:04:22,467
THEY'RE GONNA CHANGE YOUR LIFE
2038
01:04:22,467 --> 01:04:23,833
FOREVER" -- WHAT THEY DIDN'T
2039
01:04:23,833 --> 01:04:25,133
UNDERSTAND IS THAT WAS THE
2040
01:04:25,133 --> 01:04:25,867
ENTIRE POINT.
2041
01:04:25,867 --> 01:04:27,367
>> I THINK IT'S UNWISE TO BE SO
2042
01:04:27,367 --> 01:04:28,867
SCARED OF THE POSSIBLE RISKS OF
2043
01:04:28,867 --> 01:04:30,267
THESE DRUGS, WHICH THERE ARE
2044
01:04:30,267 --> 01:04:31,100
POSSIBLE RISKS.
2045
01:04:31,100 --> 01:04:32,333
THERE'S RISKS IN ANYTHING.
2046
01:04:32,333 --> 01:04:33,833
I MEAN, THERE'S RISK IN DRIVING
2047
01:04:33,833 --> 01:04:34,300
A CAR.
2048
01:04:34,300 --> 01:04:35,600
THERE'S RISK IN CROSSING A
2049
01:04:35,600 --> 01:04:36,100
STREET.
2050
01:04:36,100 --> 01:04:37,433
BUT TO BE SO SCARED OF THEM AS
2051
01:04:37,433 --> 01:04:38,500
TO MAKE THEM ILLEGAL AND
2052
01:04:38,500 --> 01:04:39,867
INACCESSIBLE TO ANYONE AND NOT
2053
01:04:39,867 --> 01:04:41,167
EVEN WANT TO RESEARCH THEM OR
2054
01:04:41,167 --> 01:04:42,433
NOT EVEN WANT TO THINK ABOUT
2055
01:04:42,433 --> 01:04:44,000
THEM -- WHY WOULD WE DO THAT?
2056
01:04:44,000 --> 01:04:45,667
ARE WE SO SURE THAT WE CAN SOLVE
2057
01:04:45,667 --> 01:04:47,267
ALL THE PROBLEMS THAT CONFRONT
2058
01:04:47,267 --> 01:04:48,967
US, THAT WE WANT TO THROW AWAY A
2059
01:04:48,967 --> 01:04:50,500
POSSIBLE TOOL THAT CAN EXPAND
2060
01:04:50,500 --> 01:04:51,867
CONSCIOUSNESS, THAT COULD
2061
01:04:51,867 --> 01:04:53,567
POSSIBLY, YOU KNOW, GIVE US SOME
2062
01:04:53,567 --> 01:04:55,033
MORE INSIGHTS AND SOME MORE
2063
01:04:55,033 --> 01:04:56,633
POSSIBILITIES OF HOW TO RESOLVE
2064
01:04:56,633 --> 01:04:58,100
THE DIFFICULTIES THAT WE'RE
2065
01:04:58,100 --> 01:04:58,700
FACING?
2066
01:04:58,700 --> 01:05:00,733
I THINK NOT.
2067
01:05:00,733 --> 01:05:02,667
>> WE HAD THIS CONFLICT IN THE
2068
01:05:02,667 --> 01:05:04,500
'60s, WHEN PSYCHEDELICS WENT
2069
01:05:04,500 --> 01:05:05,100
WRONG.
2070
01:05:05,100 --> 01:05:06,767
WHAT, I THINK, IS EVEN DEEPER
2071
01:05:06,767 --> 01:05:08,533
IS, WHEN PSYCHEDELICS GO RIGHT,
2072
01:05:08,533 --> 01:05:10,300
NOT ONLY WOULD THESE DRUGS HAVE
2073
01:05:10,300 --> 01:05:11,967
THE POTENTIAL TO BE USEFUL IN
2074
01:05:11,967 --> 01:05:13,600
PSYCHOTHERAPY, THEY HAVE THE
2075
01:05:13,600 --> 01:05:15,267
POTENTIAL TO BE USEFUL IN THE
2076
01:05:15,267 --> 01:05:17,033
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN SPECIES,
2077
01:05:17,033 --> 01:05:18,867
AND THAT THEY COULD MAKE A MAJOR
2078
01:05:18,867 --> 01:05:20,633
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SURVIVAL OF
2079
01:05:20,633 --> 01:05:21,867
THE PLANET.
2080
01:05:32,267 --> 01:05:36,367
>> "ETERNITY IN AN HOUR."
2081
01:05:36,367 --> 01:05:37,800
IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE, OF
2082
01:05:37,800 --> 01:05:39,500
COURSE, AS ALL THE PATIENTS SAY,
2083
01:05:39,500 --> 01:05:40,400
TO DESCRIBE IT.
2084
01:05:40,400 --> 01:05:42,267
THERE ARE THE COLORS AND THE
2085
01:05:42,267 --> 01:05:44,000
BEAUTIES, THE DESIGNS, THE
2086
01:05:44,000 --> 01:05:45,700
BEAUTIFUL WAY THAT THINGS
2087
01:05:45,700 --> 01:05:46,367
APPEAR.
2088
01:05:46,367 --> 01:05:47,800
PEOPLE THEMSELVES, DULL
2089
01:05:47,800 --> 01:05:49,733
PEOPLE -- THAT I THOUGHT DULL --
2090
01:05:49,733 --> 01:05:51,633
APPEAR FASCINATING, INTERESTING,
2091
01:05:51,633 --> 01:05:54,167
MYSTERIOUS, WONDERFUL.
2092
01:05:54,400 --> 01:05:57,033
BUT THAT'S ONLY THE BEGINNING.
2093
01:05:57,033 --> 01:05:59,033
SUDDENLY YOU NOTICE THAT THERE
2094
01:05:59,033 --> 01:06:00,933
AREN'T THESE SEPARATIONS, THAT
2095
01:06:00,933 --> 01:06:02,867
WE'RE NOT ON A SEPARATE ISLAND,
2096
01:06:02,867 --> 01:06:04,833
SHOUTING ACROSS TO SOMEBODY ELSE
2097
01:06:04,833 --> 01:06:06,767
AND TRYING TO HEAR WHAT THEY'RE
2098
01:06:06,767 --> 01:06:08,500
SAYING AND MISUNDERSTANDING
2099
01:06:08,500 --> 01:06:09,033
THEM.
2100
01:06:09,033 --> 01:06:10,033
THERE'S THINGS FLOWING
2101
01:06:10,033 --> 01:06:10,633
UNDERNEATH.
2102
01:06:10,633 --> 01:06:11,700
WE'RE PARTS OF A SINGLE
2103
01:06:11,700 --> 01:06:13,433
CONTINENT.
2104
01:06:13,433 --> 01:06:16,267
IT MEETS UNDERNEATH THE WATER,
2105
01:06:16,267 --> 01:06:18,333
AND WITH THAT GOES SUCH DELIGHT,
2106
01:06:18,333 --> 01:06:20,800
THE SOBER CERTAINTY OF WAKING
2107
01:06:20,800 --> 01:06:22,767
BLISS.
2108
01:08:16,100 --> 01:08:18,367
[ AMY ARENA'S "LIQUID REALITY"
2109
01:08:18,367 --> 01:08:20,533
PLAYS ]
2110
01:08:26,633 --> 01:08:29,567
>> * I'M LIVING IN A NEW DREAM
2111
01:08:29,567 --> 01:08:32,400
* WITH A PAINTBRUSH IN MY HAND
2112
01:08:32,400 --> 01:08:35,333
* MY VISION'S KIND OF GRAINY
2113
01:08:35,333 --> 01:08:38,133
* LIKE THE PARTICLES OF SAND
2114
01:08:38,133 --> 01:08:40,533
* AND I FEEL THAT MAYBE THERE IS
2115
01:08:40,533 --> 01:08:43,800
SOMETHING MORE HERE *
2116
01:08:43,800 --> 01:08:46,300
* I FEEL THAT MAYBE THERE'S A
2117
01:08:46,300 --> 01:08:48,600
SECRET DOOR HERE *
2118
01:08:48,600 --> 01:08:50,867
* AND I'M READY TO GO THROUGH
2119
01:08:50,867 --> 01:08:54,800
THIS LIQUID REALITY *
2120
01:08:54,800 --> 01:08:57,933
* READY TO FLOW THROUGH THIS
2121
01:08:57,933 --> 01:09:00,367
LIQUID REALITY *
2122
01:09:00,367 --> 01:09:03,500
* I'M READY TO GO THROUGH THIS
2123
01:09:03,500 --> 01:09:06,500
LIQUID REALITY *
2124
01:09:11,233 --> 01:09:13,400
* TO THE NEXT DIMENSION
132204
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