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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:18,667 [narrator] Deep below the ocean surface... 2 00:00:18,834 --> 00:00:19,901 OK. Do it. 3 00:00:20,067 --> 00:00:21,901 ...lies the remnants of a forgotten past. 4 00:00:23,067 --> 00:00:24,601 It's like going in a time machine. 5 00:00:24,767 --> 00:00:26,801 This is a marine biologist's dream. 6 00:00:26,968 --> 00:00:28,267 Before the age of dinosaurs... 7 00:00:28,434 --> 00:00:29,701 [Gavin] What is that? 8 00:00:29,868 --> 00:00:33,267 ...the seas were ruled by monster prehistoric sharks. 9 00:00:33,434 --> 00:00:34,868 This is truly nightmare fuel. 10 00:00:36,167 --> 00:00:38,767 Super predators with terrifying adaptations. 11 00:00:38,934 --> 00:00:40,801 [Ron] Structures off their head that look like anvils, 12 00:00:40,968 --> 00:00:43,167 head spines, scissoring jaws. 13 00:00:43,334 --> 00:00:45,601 These sharks were like nothing seen today. 14 00:00:45,767 --> 00:00:48,100 Formidable predator that you did not want to 15 00:00:48,267 --> 00:00:49,501 get in front of. 16 00:00:49,501 --> 00:00:52,000 Now teams of scientists from around the world... 17 00:00:52,167 --> 00:00:54,167 -I have something! -What you got? 18 00:00:54,334 --> 00:00:56,400 ...will scour the darkest depths... 19 00:00:56,567 --> 00:00:59,367 This thing is a monster. It's huge. 20 00:00:59,534 --> 00:01:02,367 ...digging for evidence in the unlikeliest places... 21 00:01:02,534 --> 00:01:03,667 That's from a 50-foot shark. 22 00:01:03,834 --> 00:01:05,868 Things really are bigger in Texas. 23 00:01:06,033 --> 00:01:08,701 ...to resurrect the strangest, biggest... 24 00:01:08,868 --> 00:01:10,100 Oh! 25 00:01:10,267 --> 00:01:11,567 ...and most fearsome... 26 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:16,267 "Jurassic Sharks." 27 00:01:24,300 --> 00:01:26,868 Sharks are among the oldest living marine species 28 00:01:27,033 --> 00:01:28,067 on the planet. 29 00:01:28,234 --> 00:01:29,868 Sharks are older than trees themselves. 30 00:01:30,033 --> 00:01:31,100 They've been ruling the oceans 31 00:01:31,267 --> 00:01:33,601 for hundreds of millions of years. 32 00:01:33,767 --> 00:01:36,367 Before dinosaurs controlled the land and air, 33 00:01:36,534 --> 00:01:38,601 the oceans were full of prehistoric, 34 00:01:38,767 --> 00:01:40,100 predatorial nightmares. 35 00:01:41,267 --> 00:01:43,467 We're talking about sharks that were larger 36 00:01:43,634 --> 00:01:45,000 than white sharks. 37 00:01:45,167 --> 00:01:48,167 Massive, hyper predatory sharks with a lot of 38 00:01:48,334 --> 00:01:49,601 weird body styles. 39 00:01:49,767 --> 00:01:51,701 [Austin] But not all of these sharks survived for long. 40 00:01:51,868 --> 00:01:54,667 Deadlier predators or mass extinctions mean that these 41 00:01:54,834 --> 00:01:57,200 predators only reigned for a small era 42 00:01:57,367 --> 00:01:58,667 before the next one came along. 43 00:02:00,667 --> 00:02:03,000 In the shadow of Mount Fuji, Japan, 44 00:02:03,167 --> 00:02:05,100 marine biologist Austin Gallagher is 45 00:02:05,267 --> 00:02:07,701 spearheading an expedition to an ancient canyon 46 00:02:07,868 --> 00:02:10,667 thousands of feet below the surface. 47 00:02:10,834 --> 00:02:14,167 Suruga Bay is the deepest bay in Japan, and it is the perfect 48 00:02:14,334 --> 00:02:16,701 location to study ancient sharks. 49 00:02:16,868 --> 00:02:18,968 It's like going in a time machine. 50 00:02:19,133 --> 00:02:22,067 Once an ancient marine battleground, Suruga Bay is 51 00:02:22,234 --> 00:02:24,767 filled with bizarre creatures and survivors 52 00:02:24,934 --> 00:02:26,067 of that forgotten era. 53 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:29,367 It's home to species like the frilled shark, 54 00:02:30,367 --> 00:02:32,367 ghost shark, and the goblin shark, 55 00:02:32,534 --> 00:02:34,367 species that used to swim alongside 56 00:02:34,534 --> 00:02:35,868 these Jurassic sharks. 57 00:02:36,033 --> 00:02:38,801 These living fossil sharks are the last links between 58 00:02:38,968 --> 00:02:41,467 the present and the past. 59 00:02:41,634 --> 00:02:44,801 Living fossil is a species that exists today that shows 60 00:02:44,968 --> 00:02:48,067 traits of a much more ancient early design, traits that were 61 00:02:48,234 --> 00:02:49,601 common millions of years ago. 62 00:02:50,868 --> 00:02:53,601 Finding these living fossil sharks will help us better 63 00:02:53,767 --> 00:02:56,367 understand what this ancient battleground could look like, 64 00:02:56,534 --> 00:02:59,367 allowing us to bring these extinct Jurassic sharks through 65 00:02:59,534 --> 00:03:01,100 animation like never before. 66 00:03:03,467 --> 00:03:05,767 I think that this bay was home to some of the most 67 00:03:05,934 --> 00:03:09,467 insane-looking super predators that ever lived in the oceans, 68 00:03:09,634 --> 00:03:12,701 like the scissor-tooth and the buzzsaw shark. 69 00:03:12,868 --> 00:03:14,801 Two absolute killing machines, 70 00:03:14,968 --> 00:03:17,400 the scissor-tooth and buzzsaw sharks, 71 00:03:17,567 --> 00:03:20,968 were 25-foot monsters with nightmarish jaw 72 00:03:21,133 --> 00:03:25,200 adaptations that have baffled scientists for generations. 73 00:03:25,367 --> 00:03:27,567 [Ron] Nothing like that exists today. 74 00:03:27,734 --> 00:03:30,000 Completely bizarre and unfamiliar to us 75 00:03:30,167 --> 00:03:31,501 in the modern world. 76 00:03:31,501 --> 00:03:33,868 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks. 77 00:03:34,033 --> 00:03:36,000 So we're looking for living shark species that would have 78 00:03:36,167 --> 00:03:38,400 swam alongside them that can prove they were here 79 00:03:38,567 --> 00:03:39,701 and tell us more about them. 80 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:43,968 Austin is setting out with his research partner 81 00:03:44,133 --> 00:03:46,300 and deep sea expert, Yuuki Watanabe. 82 00:03:56,100 --> 00:03:57,133 [Austin] Oh, we got a shark. 83 00:03:59,367 --> 00:04:01,901 The team has pulled up a four-foot shark, 84 00:04:02,067 --> 00:04:03,567 a survivor of the ancient past. 85 00:04:03,734 --> 00:04:05,067 [Austin] Really cool. 86 00:04:05,067 --> 00:04:08,601 Kitefin sharks are a deepwater shark species that have adapted 87 00:04:08,767 --> 00:04:10,901 to living at depth, but I've never seen 88 00:04:11,067 --> 00:04:13,100 a live specimen up close. 89 00:04:13,267 --> 00:04:14,901 So this is just an amazing shark. 90 00:04:23,767 --> 00:04:27,067 Many of the prehistoric sharks that we see today show 91 00:04:27,234 --> 00:04:30,501 a very elongated, almost snake-like body. 92 00:04:30,667 --> 00:04:33,467 And as sharks continue to evolve, the tail started to 93 00:04:33,634 --> 00:04:36,467 change, and it started to make more of a shape of 94 00:04:36,634 --> 00:04:38,567 the classic fin that we see today. 95 00:04:38,734 --> 00:04:42,167 The kitefin shark is a perfect example of an ancient shark 96 00:04:42,334 --> 00:04:43,567 that is in the middle of evolution. 97 00:04:43,734 --> 00:04:45,567 It's in the middle of this change. 98 00:04:45,734 --> 00:04:47,033 Wow, look at the teeth. They're really sharp, yeah. 99 00:04:48,467 --> 00:04:52,100 So definitely capable of biting and taking big chunks of flesh 100 00:04:52,267 --> 00:04:53,901 out of species. 101 00:04:59,567 --> 00:05:01,100 Adaptations are key for 102 00:05:01,267 --> 00:05:03,267 the long-term survival of any species. 103 00:05:03,434 --> 00:05:06,601 Their eyes has a different ratio of rods and cones that 104 00:05:06,767 --> 00:05:09,601 gives them the advantage of seeing in pitch black. 105 00:05:09,767 --> 00:05:13,467 The kitefin's eyes aren't their only deep-sea adaptation. 106 00:05:13,634 --> 00:05:15,300 It is also the largest known shark to 107 00:05:15,467 --> 00:05:18,467 exhibit bioluminescence, which researchers believe 108 00:05:18,634 --> 00:05:20,467 it uses to see on the seafloor, 109 00:05:20,634 --> 00:05:22,767 while hunting, as a way to blend 110 00:05:22,934 --> 00:05:24,067 into the ocean from below. 111 00:05:24,067 --> 00:05:25,868 [Austin] All right, let's get it back in the water. 112 00:05:27,501 --> 00:05:30,167 As we explore deeper waters, I'm really hoping we see sharks 113 00:05:30,334 --> 00:05:34,000 with even stranger adaptations, which will teach us so much 114 00:05:34,167 --> 00:05:36,367 more about these Jurassic sharks 115 00:05:36,534 --> 00:05:37,767 and help us bring them back to life. 116 00:05:43,501 --> 00:05:46,801 Halfway around the world, marine biologist Kesley Banks 117 00:05:46,968 --> 00:05:48,968 is searching for extinct super predators in 118 00:05:49,133 --> 00:05:50,200 an unexpected location. 119 00:05:50,367 --> 00:05:53,000 [twangy music plays] 120 00:05:53,167 --> 00:05:55,667 [Kesley] We're in the middle of Texas, about 600 miles 121 00:05:55,834 --> 00:05:56,968 from the Gulf. 122 00:05:57,133 --> 00:05:59,267 When people think of Central Texas, this is what 123 00:05:59,434 --> 00:06:00,801 they think about. 124 00:06:00,968 --> 00:06:03,801 But what they don't think about is this was actually the bottom 125 00:06:03,968 --> 00:06:05,801 of the ocean at one point. 126 00:06:05,968 --> 00:06:09,167 The land now known as Texas has dramatically changed over 127 00:06:09,334 --> 00:06:10,567 hundreds of millions of years. 128 00:06:12,567 --> 00:06:16,100 Once the western interior seaway, a body of water that 129 00:06:16,267 --> 00:06:20,300 divided the continental US, Texas has seen multiple eras 130 00:06:20,467 --> 00:06:22,701 of oceanic super predators, 131 00:06:22,868 --> 00:06:24,868 some of which left evidence of their existence. 132 00:06:26,267 --> 00:06:28,868 -Hey, Ron. How are you? -I'm well! 133 00:06:29,033 --> 00:06:30,501 [Kesley] I'm here to meet with my friend Ron. 134 00:06:30,667 --> 00:06:32,267 He's a paleontologist. 135 00:06:32,434 --> 00:06:34,100 So, if anyone has the answer to what ruled 136 00:06:34,267 --> 00:06:36,567 the prehistoric sea, it's him. 137 00:06:36,734 --> 00:06:38,100 [Ron] Welcome to the Texas Permian. 138 00:06:38,267 --> 00:06:40,767 What we call Texas today, and pretty much all of Earth's 139 00:06:40,934 --> 00:06:43,667 land masses have been slowly shifting around ever since 140 00:06:43,834 --> 00:06:45,968 they first formed over four billion years ago. 141 00:06:47,701 --> 00:06:49,868 All of this sedimentary rock here would have once been 142 00:06:50,033 --> 00:06:53,200 an ancient seafloor that was teeming with prehistoric life. 143 00:06:53,367 --> 00:06:55,868 This land is brimming with reminders of the ocean 144 00:06:56,033 --> 00:06:57,300 that once was, 145 00:06:57,467 --> 00:06:59,667 and all of the amazing creatures that lived in it. 146 00:06:59,834 --> 00:07:03,267 So the water's gone, but the sharks are still here. 147 00:07:03,434 --> 00:07:05,601 The sharks are still here, if you know where to look for them. 148 00:07:05,767 --> 00:07:08,667 Over the past few years, fossilized teeth from over 149 00:07:08,834 --> 00:07:11,767 20 different ancient shark species have been discovered 150 00:07:11,934 --> 00:07:13,467 in central Texas. 151 00:07:13,634 --> 00:07:16,801 A lot of these specimens are anywhere from 300 million to, 152 00:07:16,968 --> 00:07:18,901 say, 270 million years in age. 153 00:07:19,067 --> 00:07:21,367 This was a golden age of sharks. 154 00:07:21,534 --> 00:07:24,100 This was a time when sharks reached their maximum 155 00:07:24,267 --> 00:07:25,667 diversity and abundance. 156 00:07:25,834 --> 00:07:27,467 They started adapting to all sorts 157 00:07:27,634 --> 00:07:28,934 of different opportunities 158 00:07:29,100 --> 00:07:31,667 and evolving different body structures, new kinds of teeth, 159 00:07:31,834 --> 00:07:34,100 new kinds of swimming, new kinds of tails, 160 00:07:34,267 --> 00:07:37,000 and the most successful designs make it through 161 00:07:37,167 --> 00:07:38,667 and the rest would go extinct. 162 00:07:40,367 --> 00:07:43,200 [Kesley] Using these fossilized teeth, I'm here trying to find 163 00:07:43,367 --> 00:07:45,868 the largest and the baddest shark that ruled 164 00:07:46,033 --> 00:07:48,868 the waters of Texas 300 million years ago. 165 00:07:49,033 --> 00:07:52,968 At its time, the largest predatory animal on 166 00:07:53,133 --> 00:07:55,400 the planet would be the Texas Super Shark. 167 00:07:55,567 --> 00:07:58,100 You're talking about sharks that would be larger than the truck that 168 00:07:58,267 --> 00:08:00,701 you drove in here on. -[Kesley] Oh, my gosh. 169 00:08:00,868 --> 00:08:04,267 Reaching up to 30 feet long, the Texas Super Shark was 170 00:08:04,434 --> 00:08:06,667 larger than modern-day white sharks. 171 00:08:06,834 --> 00:08:09,467 It was a savage killing machine that ruled the oceans 172 00:08:09,634 --> 00:08:12,167 300 million years ago. 173 00:08:12,334 --> 00:08:15,300 Discovered in 2015, it dramatically changed 174 00:08:15,467 --> 00:08:19,000 our understanding of ancient predators of the area. 175 00:08:19,167 --> 00:08:22,167 [Kesley] No one thought sharks were that large that long ago. 176 00:08:22,334 --> 00:08:24,567 [Ron] That's roughly a 300-million-year-old fossil, there. 177 00:08:24,734 --> 00:08:26,501 -[Kesley] Oh, my gosh. -[Ron] Teeth are very distinctive. 178 00:08:26,667 --> 00:08:29,300 Early shark teeth usually had multiple cusps. 179 00:08:29,467 --> 00:08:32,267 Each one would have been a batch of points to slam down 180 00:08:32,434 --> 00:08:34,534 on and hold slippery prey. 181 00:08:36,968 --> 00:08:40,367 Even with defense mechanisms, smaller sharks were no match 182 00:08:40,534 --> 00:08:41,801 for the Super Shark. 183 00:08:41,801 --> 00:08:44,968 That thing had a mouth full of needles, great for piercing 184 00:08:45,133 --> 00:08:47,467 prey, holding it, ripping it to shreds back in the day. 185 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:52,601 With its four dorsal fins and streamlined body, 186 00:08:52,767 --> 00:08:55,000 the Texas Super Shark could easily outmaneuver 187 00:08:55,167 --> 00:08:56,534 smaller sharks in the shallows, 188 00:08:58,767 --> 00:09:02,200 and with a set of massive jaws, it could cut through its prey 189 00:09:02,367 --> 00:09:03,267 in a single bite. 190 00:09:06,868 --> 00:09:09,100 The Texas Super Shark is believed to have battled 191 00:09:09,267 --> 00:09:11,767 the scissor-tooth for prey during its reign, 192 00:09:11,934 --> 00:09:14,467 controlling the shallow feeding grounds. 193 00:09:14,634 --> 00:09:16,267 Predators like the scissor-tooth would have 194 00:09:16,434 --> 00:09:18,701 used deeper waters to avoid large predators like 195 00:09:18,868 --> 00:09:21,267 the Texas Super Shark, thriving in 196 00:09:21,434 --> 00:09:23,100 deep-sea canyons like Suruga Bay. 197 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:25,868 All right, [indistinct], I'm gonna just turn it on. 198 00:09:27,467 --> 00:09:29,567 -So this will be A. -A. 199 00:09:29,734 --> 00:09:31,701 Austin is preparing to explore the bay with 200 00:09:31,868 --> 00:09:33,667 a deep-sea camera system. 201 00:09:33,834 --> 00:09:36,300 This is a pressurized housing that allows the camera inside 202 00:09:36,467 --> 00:09:39,300 to be protected while we film at depth. 203 00:09:39,467 --> 00:09:42,000 The amazing thing about Suruga Bay is that a lot of 204 00:09:42,167 --> 00:09:46,100 what's down there is a mystery. We could really see anything. 205 00:09:46,267 --> 00:09:49,000 This setup is completely untethered, so when we put it 206 00:09:49,167 --> 00:09:51,567 over the side of the boat, that's it. 207 00:09:51,734 --> 00:09:53,467 It will sink to the bottom of the seafloor, 208 00:09:53,634 --> 00:09:55,467 and it allows us to access areas 209 00:09:55,634 --> 00:09:57,100 that, otherwise, we wouldn't be able to. 210 00:09:57,267 --> 00:09:59,467 And that's gonna be huge for this investigation. 211 00:09:59,634 --> 00:10:02,601 The team is targeting an area in the bay over 2,000 feet 212 00:10:02,767 --> 00:10:05,501 deep, dead center in what researchers call 213 00:10:05,667 --> 00:10:06,767 the Twilight Zone. 214 00:10:06,934 --> 00:10:08,200 [Austin] It's good to go. 215 00:10:08,367 --> 00:10:12,000 Twilight Zone is a part of the ocean that goes from 600 to 216 00:10:12,167 --> 00:10:14,968 3,000 feet deep that is completely dark. 217 00:10:15,133 --> 00:10:18,067 This is the zone at which light disappears. 218 00:10:18,234 --> 00:10:21,467 And it's also the area that is a hotspot for shark activity. 219 00:10:21,634 --> 00:10:24,501 It's wildly unexplored, but teeming with life. 220 00:10:24,667 --> 00:10:26,567 OK, good, good, good, good, good -- nice, easy. 221 00:10:26,734 --> 00:10:28,267 I'm ready to get this camera wet, let's go. 222 00:10:28,434 --> 00:10:30,167 OK, do it. 223 00:10:30,334 --> 00:10:31,300 One, two, three. 224 00:10:33,167 --> 00:10:35,167 -All right. -[clapping] 225 00:10:35,334 --> 00:10:36,767 All right, let's go, let's go. 226 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:40,000 All right, so we've got the live feed in the water. 227 00:10:40,167 --> 00:10:41,701 I'm really excited to see. 228 00:10:43,467 --> 00:10:45,667 Despite its depth, the camera is able to 229 00:10:45,834 --> 00:10:48,200 wirelessly connect to the monitor on the boat, 230 00:10:48,367 --> 00:10:50,767 giving Austin a front row view of the ocean floor. 231 00:10:50,934 --> 00:10:52,400 All right. 232 00:10:54,868 --> 00:10:58,200 Now almost half a mile deep, Austin is looking for any 233 00:10:58,367 --> 00:11:01,868 indications of the bay's ancient sea life. 234 00:11:02,033 --> 00:11:04,801 It's pitch black, not seeing much right now, but it does 235 00:11:04,968 --> 00:11:06,567 seem like we have good connectivity. 236 00:11:13,067 --> 00:11:14,968 OK, OK. 237 00:11:15,133 --> 00:11:16,100 Got something coming in here. 238 00:11:18,567 --> 00:11:20,467 That looks like some sort of dogfish. 239 00:11:21,667 --> 00:11:23,200 Beautiful specimen. 240 00:11:23,367 --> 00:11:26,167 Dogfish are a relatively smaller group of sharks 241 00:11:26,334 --> 00:11:28,300 that have been around for about 100 million years. 242 00:11:28,467 --> 00:11:30,767 Dogfish are preyed on by larger sharks, 243 00:11:30,934 --> 00:11:32,501 so seeing one on the camera this early 244 00:11:32,667 --> 00:11:33,601 is a really good sign. 245 00:11:38,367 --> 00:11:41,767 The seafloor here is just loaded with life. 246 00:11:43,100 --> 00:11:44,901 I'm starting to get, you know, a little bit of 247 00:11:45,067 --> 00:11:46,200 an understanding here. 248 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:48,868 There seems like there's a decent prey base down at 249 00:11:49,033 --> 00:11:50,767 the bottom here, which is really great. 250 00:11:50,934 --> 00:11:51,868 Oh, what's this? 251 00:11:53,267 --> 00:11:54,467 I think we have something -- 252 00:11:54,634 --> 00:11:57,567 it's huge here -- it's a huge fish. 253 00:11:57,734 --> 00:12:01,968 Whoa, this is crazy. Yuuki, come check this out. 254 00:12:02,133 --> 00:12:03,567 I need your help. 255 00:12:03,734 --> 00:12:05,000 I've got something big on the camera. 256 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:08,000 Holy. 257 00:12:09,067 --> 00:12:10,400 [Yuuki & Austin] Wow. 258 00:12:12,868 --> 00:12:14,667 [Austin] Yuuki, I've got something big on the camera. 259 00:12:14,834 --> 00:12:17,701 In Suruga Bay, Dr. Austin Gallagher is 260 00:12:17,868 --> 00:12:20,267 scanning the seafloor in search of any evidence 261 00:12:20,434 --> 00:12:23,167 of the ancient sharks that still patrol these waters. 262 00:12:27,567 --> 00:12:29,868 [Austin] The Yokozuna slickhead has probably been around for 263 00:12:30,033 --> 00:12:32,200 millions of years, but only discovered 264 00:12:32,367 --> 00:12:33,901 a few years ago. 265 00:12:34,067 --> 00:12:37,467 It is so wild to me that we're still discovering all these 266 00:12:37,634 --> 00:12:39,901 large predators today. 267 00:12:40,067 --> 00:12:42,467 Named for the highest rank a Japanese sumo wrestler 268 00:12:42,634 --> 00:12:45,367 can achieve, the Yokozuna slickhead is 269 00:12:45,534 --> 00:12:47,667 10 feet long with large blue eyes 270 00:12:47,834 --> 00:12:50,701 that allow it to hunt at depth in low light. 271 00:12:50,868 --> 00:12:52,467 [both] Wow. 272 00:12:55,801 --> 00:12:56,868 That's awesome. 273 00:12:57,033 --> 00:12:58,100 Yeah. 274 00:12:58,267 --> 00:12:59,567 They know it's a predator. 275 00:12:59,734 --> 00:13:02,667 But its most striking feature is its heavily ossified 276 00:13:02,834 --> 00:13:06,667 reinforced skull, making it almost impenetrable. 277 00:13:06,834 --> 00:13:08,000 Wow. It looks very ancient. 278 00:13:08,167 --> 00:13:10,801 It almost looks like... like a dinosaur. 279 00:13:10,968 --> 00:13:12,100 Yeah. 280 00:13:12,100 --> 00:13:14,167 [Austin] Looking at the body plan of this species, 281 00:13:14,334 --> 00:13:15,667 it is ancient. 282 00:13:15,834 --> 00:13:19,200 And it reminds me of prehistoric monster fish. 283 00:13:19,367 --> 00:13:22,367 The beast is similar to the ocean's first apex predator, 284 00:13:22,534 --> 00:13:25,200 swimming 400 million years ago, 285 00:13:25,367 --> 00:13:27,968 the Dunkleosteus, also known as the Dunk, 286 00:13:28,133 --> 00:13:30,000 was the stuff of nightmares. 287 00:13:30,167 --> 00:13:31,467 It was the top predator. 288 00:13:31,634 --> 00:13:34,667 These things were 30 feet in length that are notable for 289 00:13:34,834 --> 00:13:37,601 having armor plates over the head and parts of the body. 290 00:13:37,767 --> 00:13:40,701 Besides its armored head, the Dunk had sharp plates for 291 00:13:40,868 --> 00:13:43,701 teeth that could easily crunch through bone. 292 00:13:43,868 --> 00:13:46,801 Instead of true teeth, their jaws actually formed 293 00:13:46,968 --> 00:13:51,367 large, shearing, scissoring blades to 294 00:13:51,534 --> 00:13:54,000 slice and dice their prey. 295 00:13:54,167 --> 00:13:55,300 Everything was on the menu. 296 00:13:56,767 --> 00:13:58,801 Doing this type of research when Dunkleosteus was in 297 00:13:58,968 --> 00:14:00,767 the water would have been a very different situation. 298 00:14:02,868 --> 00:14:05,167 Fishermen certainly would have had a different experience. 299 00:14:12,167 --> 00:14:15,267 If alive today, the Dunk's teeth would easily 300 00:14:15,434 --> 00:14:16,767 be able to snap through metal. 301 00:14:18,901 --> 00:14:20,667 And with its immense size and strength, 302 00:14:21,868 --> 00:14:24,300 it would have the power to take down ships. 303 00:14:29,167 --> 00:14:32,467 After the Dunk's extinction, the Texas Super Shark became 304 00:14:32,634 --> 00:14:33,868 the ocean's top predator. 305 00:14:35,067 --> 00:14:36,767 And once this behemoth went extinct, 306 00:14:36,934 --> 00:14:38,701 its disappearance allowed for 307 00:14:38,868 --> 00:14:40,667 a new breed of super sharks to evolve. 308 00:14:44,467 --> 00:14:48,467 Back in Texas, marine biologist Kesley Banks and paleontologist 309 00:14:48,634 --> 00:14:52,467 Ron Tykoski are searching the dig site for remains of another 310 00:14:52,634 --> 00:14:56,000 prehistoric predator that could have been even more ferocious. 311 00:14:56,167 --> 00:14:58,167 -[Ron] Hey, Chris, how's it going? -Hey, guys. 312 00:14:58,334 --> 00:14:59,667 -[Kesley] How are you? -How are you? 313 00:14:59,834 --> 00:15:00,834 Good to have you guys. 314 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:02,167 Glad you could come see our bone bed. 315 00:15:02,334 --> 00:15:03,501 -Thanks for having us, yeah. -Absolutely. 316 00:15:03,667 --> 00:15:05,267 -It's amazing. -So, you guys are standing in one of 317 00:15:05,434 --> 00:15:07,367 the best bone beds in the entire world. 318 00:15:07,534 --> 00:15:09,400 We've got a site that's full of sharks. 319 00:15:09,567 --> 00:15:12,901 This fossil bed may hold tooth remains of a predator that rose 320 00:15:13,067 --> 00:15:16,100 to dominance after the Texas Super Shark. 321 00:15:16,267 --> 00:15:19,667 One of the most exciting things about this fossil bed is 322 00:15:19,834 --> 00:15:22,400 the ecosystem is so well preserved that we actually do 323 00:15:22,567 --> 00:15:25,667 see lots of bits and pieces of sharks. 324 00:15:25,834 --> 00:15:29,167 And so we see things like the Orthacanthus teeth 325 00:15:29,334 --> 00:15:32,767 and the head spines, so the venomous spines. 326 00:15:32,934 --> 00:15:36,100 A small eel-like shark, the Orthacanthus, swam through 327 00:15:36,267 --> 00:15:39,601 both fresh and salt water, feeding on crustaceans with 328 00:15:39,767 --> 00:15:42,968 its barbed teeth while using its poisonous head spine to 329 00:15:43,133 --> 00:15:44,467 fend off predators. 330 00:15:44,634 --> 00:15:47,367 If you were a bigger shark and you came and bit down on 331 00:15:47,534 --> 00:15:49,701 this one's head, you got a spine in the roof of 332 00:15:49,868 --> 00:15:51,767 the mouth that probably hurt... -[crunching] 333 00:15:51,934 --> 00:15:53,267 ...a lot. 334 00:15:53,434 --> 00:15:54,801 -[Ron] Look at the barbs on that thing. -[indistinct] 335 00:15:54,968 --> 00:15:57,100 So, for this species, this head spine would get up to 336 00:15:57,267 --> 00:15:58,467 about 12 inches. 337 00:15:58,467 --> 00:15:59,901 And I'm sure if you look around, you're going to start 338 00:16:00,133 --> 00:16:02,167 seeing more and more of these things all over the place. 339 00:16:02,334 --> 00:16:05,267 So, here's some brushes for you guys and a pick. 340 00:16:05,434 --> 00:16:06,901 And we're gonna walk up the hill here. 341 00:16:07,067 --> 00:16:08,167 [Kesley] All right. 342 00:16:08,167 --> 00:16:10,167 [Chris] We're gonna look at the dead shark zone 343 00:16:10,334 --> 00:16:11,968 because that's where the sharks are gonna be getting 344 00:16:12,133 --> 00:16:13,434 bigger and bigger. 345 00:16:13,434 --> 00:16:16,667 [Kesley] This area is home to so many ancient shark species. 346 00:16:16,834 --> 00:16:19,467 I'm hoping to find evidence of these giant super predators to 347 00:16:19,634 --> 00:16:22,167 find out who really ruled the prehistoric seas. 348 00:16:22,334 --> 00:16:24,467 [Ron] This is how high-tech fossil prospecting is. 349 00:16:24,634 --> 00:16:27,000 You keep your eye to the ground, nothing terribly 350 00:16:27,167 --> 00:16:31,067 high-tech, looking for bits and pieces of bone and things 351 00:16:31,234 --> 00:16:32,400 that are eroding out like that. 352 00:16:33,901 --> 00:16:37,000 And you just keep your eyes open for things that 353 00:16:37,167 --> 00:16:38,601 Mother Nature has already exposed. 354 00:16:41,067 --> 00:16:43,968 Right now, we're just looking to see if something has started 355 00:16:44,133 --> 00:16:46,868 to kind of poke through this top layer of sediment. 356 00:16:52,901 --> 00:16:54,901 -[Kesley] Hey, Ron, Chris! -[Chris] Yep! 357 00:16:55,067 --> 00:16:56,968 Might have something! 358 00:16:57,133 --> 00:16:58,868 -What you got? -I'm not sure. 359 00:17:00,300 --> 00:17:03,467 But it doesn't look like the rocks that are around it. 360 00:17:04,667 --> 00:17:06,367 Something's eroding out there. Start digging it up. 361 00:17:10,868 --> 00:17:13,467 -[Chris] That's a big tooth. -[Ron] That is a big whopping tooth. 362 00:17:13,634 --> 00:17:14,634 [Chris] Wow! 363 00:17:16,267 --> 00:17:17,767 [Kesley] So it's definitely a shark tooth. 364 00:17:17,934 --> 00:17:20,000 -[Ron] That is a huge shark. -[Kesley] Like, how big are we talking? 365 00:17:20,167 --> 00:17:21,300 [Chris] That's a monster tooth. 366 00:17:21,467 --> 00:17:23,667 That's from a 30-to-50-foot shark. 367 00:17:23,834 --> 00:17:26,067 That looks like distant relatives in a modern-day 368 00:17:26,234 --> 00:17:27,868 great white. -[Kesley] Oh, my gosh! 369 00:17:28,033 --> 00:17:30,367 80- to 90-million-year-old Cretoxyrhina. 370 00:17:30,534 --> 00:17:33,567 -A Ginsu shark. -[Kesley] That's awesome! 371 00:17:33,734 --> 00:17:37,367 100 million years ago, the Ginsu shark, 372 00:17:37,534 --> 00:17:39,968 nicknamed for its knife-like teeth, 373 00:17:40,133 --> 00:17:41,767 was one of the most formidable predators 374 00:17:41,934 --> 00:17:43,467 to ever swim the oceans. 375 00:17:43,634 --> 00:17:46,400 Cretoxyrhina lived in the age of big marine lizards 376 00:17:46,567 --> 00:17:47,767 called Mosasaurs. 377 00:17:47,934 --> 00:17:50,267 The Mosasaur -- a prehistoric reptile 378 00:17:50,434 --> 00:17:51,801 with the body of a crocodile... 379 00:17:51,968 --> 00:17:53,000 [crunching] 380 00:17:53,167 --> 00:17:54,501 ...who clashed for prey with the Ginsu. 381 00:17:54,667 --> 00:17:57,467 We actually do have specimens of Mosasaurs with 382 00:17:57,634 --> 00:17:59,801 bite marks on them left behind by Cretoxyrhina. 383 00:18:04,467 --> 00:18:06,467 It's absolutely incredible to find 384 00:18:06,634 --> 00:18:08,367 an 80-to 90-million-year-old shark 385 00:18:08,534 --> 00:18:10,400 this far away from the ocean. 386 00:18:11,601 --> 00:18:13,100 If this shark was alive today, 387 00:18:13,267 --> 00:18:14,601 it would decimate the Gulf Coast. 388 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,868 Imagine something that big hunting in shallow water. 389 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:23,667 Although it was enormous, the Ginsu predominantly 390 00:18:23,834 --> 00:18:24,901 hunted in the shallow coast. 391 00:18:25,067 --> 00:18:26,067 [lifeguard whistle trills] 392 00:18:26,234 --> 00:18:27,467 [crowd shouting] 393 00:18:27,634 --> 00:18:30,267 [whistle continues trilling] 394 00:18:30,434 --> 00:18:33,701 Using both its size and speed, it preyed on smaller sharks... 395 00:18:33,868 --> 00:18:35,167 [whistle trilling] 396 00:18:36,567 --> 00:18:38,100 ...devouring them in a single bite. 397 00:18:39,567 --> 00:18:41,167 [crowd shouting] 398 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,167 As the seaway over Texas shrank, the Ginsu struggled to 399 00:18:46,334 --> 00:18:48,067 survive in a new environment. 400 00:18:48,234 --> 00:18:51,601 But one of its prey, the sixgill shark survived by 401 00:18:51,767 --> 00:18:54,601 taking refuge deep in the newly formed Caribbean Sea. 402 00:18:54,767 --> 00:18:57,467 -Safety check! -Safety check! 403 00:18:57,634 --> 00:19:00,667 Recently, a team of marine biologists launched 404 00:19:00,834 --> 00:19:03,901 an investigation there in a 2,000-foot abyss dubbed 405 00:19:04,067 --> 00:19:06,167 the Tongue of the Ocean, 406 00:19:06,334 --> 00:19:09,267 the favorite hunting ground of these living fossils. 407 00:19:09,434 --> 00:19:12,667 The sixgill sharks are huge predators in the deep ocean, 408 00:19:12,834 --> 00:19:15,667 getting sizes up to 14, 15 feet long. 409 00:19:15,834 --> 00:19:18,868 [Dean] We've got just rows of these saw blades, and they actually 410 00:19:19,033 --> 00:19:20,901 carve out chunks of flesh. 411 00:19:23,367 --> 00:19:25,567 It's like seeing a dinosaur, because they swam around at 412 00:19:25,734 --> 00:19:27,601 the same time and they haven't changed much 413 00:19:27,767 --> 00:19:30,367 in a few hundred million years. 414 00:19:30,534 --> 00:19:33,167 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks 415 00:19:33,334 --> 00:19:35,167 because they live so deep in the ocean. 416 00:19:36,901 --> 00:19:38,000 Let's go. 417 00:19:38,167 --> 00:19:39,467 [Dean] Most people, when we told them we were gonna 418 00:19:39,634 --> 00:19:41,167 try to tag a shark from a submarine, 419 00:19:41,334 --> 00:19:42,868 they thought we were completely nuts. 420 00:19:43,033 --> 00:19:44,234 [indistinct radio chatter] 421 00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:47,067 No one has ever tagged a sixgill or any other shark 422 00:19:47,234 --> 00:19:48,601 at this depth. 423 00:19:48,601 --> 00:19:51,801 Doing so could dramatically change shark research and allow 424 00:19:51,968 --> 00:19:55,167 scientists to see how these prehistoric predators thrived 425 00:19:55,334 --> 00:19:57,400 and staved off extinction through migration. 426 00:19:57,567 --> 00:19:59,467 [indistinct radio chatter] 427 00:20:01,067 --> 00:20:02,100 Roger that. 428 00:20:11,167 --> 00:20:13,200 With Dr. Gavin Naylor at the helm, 429 00:20:13,367 --> 00:20:15,100 the crew is heading into the depths. 430 00:20:17,567 --> 00:20:19,567 -[equipment buzzing] -[indistinct radio chatter] 431 00:20:26,567 --> 00:20:28,000 [Gavin] Oh, this is pretty magical. 432 00:20:29,067 --> 00:20:32,467 Control, on bottom, 524 meters. 433 00:20:32,634 --> 00:20:35,000 That looks like a steep cliff, like a ridge. 434 00:20:35,167 --> 00:20:36,267 It is a ridge. 435 00:20:36,434 --> 00:20:38,801 1,700 feet beneath the surface, 436 00:20:38,968 --> 00:20:41,267 they reach the edge of an ancient abyss. 437 00:20:41,434 --> 00:20:43,200 -How about here? -[Gavin] I think that looks perfect. 438 00:20:45,601 --> 00:20:46,601 [crew] All right. 439 00:20:47,667 --> 00:20:48,767 -Lights out? -Yep. 440 00:20:50,167 --> 00:20:53,167 Now in position, the team turns off the lights, 441 00:20:53,334 --> 00:20:55,968 trying to remain hidden from the prehistoric predators that 442 00:20:56,133 --> 00:20:58,000 patrol the ledge. 443 00:20:58,167 --> 00:21:01,167 [Gavin] So it'd be pretty funny if we get a sixgill 444 00:21:01,334 --> 00:21:02,501 and it pushes us off the cliff. 445 00:21:06,868 --> 00:21:10,767 I think something's down here. What is that? 446 00:21:10,934 --> 00:21:12,400 [crew] Oh, here we go. Shark, go. 447 00:21:16,868 --> 00:21:19,100 -[Gavin] Oh, and there's a grouper. -Oh. 448 00:21:19,267 --> 00:21:20,534 [crew] Should I try turning on some other lights? 449 00:21:20,701 --> 00:21:23,267 -[Gavin] Yeah, yeah. -[crew] Whoa, that's a big grouper. 450 00:21:23,434 --> 00:21:26,968 Goliath groupers can weigh in at up to 800 pounds with 451 00:21:27,133 --> 00:21:30,167 a lineage that dates back millions of years. 452 00:21:30,334 --> 00:21:31,267 Oh. 453 00:21:31,434 --> 00:21:32,701 [laughing] 454 00:21:41,100 --> 00:21:42,100 -Oh. -[Gavin] What was that? 455 00:21:44,167 --> 00:21:45,801 Oh, he's right here. He's right here. 456 00:21:45,968 --> 00:21:47,901 He's right here. We should be able to see him. 457 00:21:48,067 --> 00:21:50,167 -We should be able to -- OK. -[indistinct] 458 00:21:50,334 --> 00:21:52,801 -[indistinct] -- wow. -OK. 459 00:21:52,968 --> 00:21:54,000 -Oh, here's the sixgill. -Whoa. 460 00:21:54,167 --> 00:21:56,367 -OK. OK. OK. -Whoa! 461 00:21:56,534 --> 00:21:57,467 [Gavin speaks indistinctly] 462 00:21:58,667 --> 00:22:00,767 OK. [bleep]. 463 00:22:03,267 --> 00:22:05,000 This thing is a monster. 464 00:22:05,167 --> 00:22:06,133 Oh! 465 00:22:08,601 --> 00:22:10,667 [Gavin] That looks like a steep cliff. 466 00:22:10,834 --> 00:22:14,267 Almost 2,000 feet beneath the ocean surface, a team of 467 00:22:14,434 --> 00:22:16,834 scientists is attempting a world's first. 468 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:18,067 OK. Oh. 469 00:22:18,067 --> 00:22:21,133 Tagging a sixgill shark from a submarine. 470 00:22:21,300 --> 00:22:22,467 -[Gavin] Oh, here's the sixgill. -Whoa. 471 00:22:22,634 --> 00:22:24,000 -OK. OK, OK. -Whoa! 472 00:22:24,167 --> 00:22:26,000 -[crew] Want some white light? -[Gavin] Yes, white light now. 473 00:22:26,167 --> 00:22:27,067 [bleep]! 474 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:30,667 -Oh! -Wow! 475 00:22:30,834 --> 00:22:33,934 -[crew] Wow, look at that. -[Gavin] I'm not gonna shoot yet. 476 00:22:34,100 --> 00:22:35,467 Shall I -- no, no, no. No, it's a gill. 477 00:22:35,634 --> 00:22:37,100 It's a gill shot. 478 00:22:37,267 --> 00:22:39,467 Belly shot. Look at the size of that thing! 479 00:22:39,634 --> 00:22:41,567 -Oh-ho-ho-ho! -Wow. 480 00:22:41,734 --> 00:22:44,033 -Gosh. -[Gavin] It's huge. 481 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:45,868 This thing is a monster. 482 00:22:46,033 --> 00:22:48,100 Reaching up to 18 feet in length 483 00:22:48,267 --> 00:22:50,400 and 1,300 pounds... 484 00:22:50,567 --> 00:22:52,000 Wow! 485 00:22:52,167 --> 00:22:54,567 ...the sixgill is a massive voracious predator. 486 00:22:54,734 --> 00:22:56,033 Whoa. 487 00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:58,501 Feeding on just about anything it comes across. 488 00:22:58,667 --> 00:23:00,667 -Whoa! -Oh, my goodness. 489 00:23:00,834 --> 00:23:03,467 -[laughing] -[Gavin] It doesn't have any claspers at the base. 490 00:23:03,634 --> 00:23:05,667 It's a female! 491 00:23:05,834 --> 00:23:07,267 She's coming back at us. 492 00:23:07,434 --> 00:23:09,467 She's interested in the sub. 493 00:23:09,634 --> 00:23:10,567 Oh. 494 00:23:11,567 --> 00:23:13,367 -Bumping the sub. -[crew] Whoa. 495 00:23:13,534 --> 00:23:14,934 [Gavin] Look at the eye! 496 00:23:16,367 --> 00:23:17,300 -[indistinct] -[Gavin] She's pushing the sub. 497 00:23:24,868 --> 00:23:26,400 [crew] Where did she go? 498 00:23:26,567 --> 00:23:28,767 Oh, look, there she is, there she is. 499 00:23:30,267 --> 00:23:31,567 -[crew] Whoa. -[thwack] 500 00:23:31,734 --> 00:23:32,934 -[Gavin] She's pushing the sub. -[crew] The whole sub. 501 00:23:33,100 --> 00:23:34,868 She's gonna knock us off the damn cliff. 502 00:23:37,100 --> 00:23:38,467 Look at it! 503 00:23:40,367 --> 00:23:41,667 The head is three feet wide. 504 00:23:41,834 --> 00:23:43,567 That is an enormous animal! 505 00:23:44,601 --> 00:23:46,667 Look at the width of that thing. 506 00:23:46,834 --> 00:23:48,367 That's bigger than most white sharks. 507 00:23:49,367 --> 00:23:50,567 It's bigger than the sub! 508 00:23:57,868 --> 00:23:58,868 Whoa. 509 00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:04,033 Oh, look, look, look, look. 510 00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:05,300 Oh my goodness. 511 00:24:05,467 --> 00:24:06,400 [indistinct] 512 00:24:08,467 --> 00:24:09,667 This is not the same one. 513 00:24:09,834 --> 00:24:12,400 [crew] I think that light might be scaring it away. 514 00:24:12,567 --> 00:24:13,567 -Turn it off? -[Gavin] Yeah, yeah. 515 00:24:15,767 --> 00:24:17,267 -[crew] OK. -[Gavin] Are we armed? 516 00:24:17,434 --> 00:24:19,133 -[crew] We're still armed. You are armed. -[Gavin] OK, great -- OK. 517 00:24:19,300 --> 00:24:22,767 A second, smaller sixgill is slowly approaching the sub. 518 00:24:22,934 --> 00:24:25,767 [Gavin] I'm not gonna take a shot until I'm absolutely sure. 519 00:24:25,934 --> 00:24:27,968 -Let me get some light on. -[crew] Lasers. 520 00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:30,567 -[Gavin] OK, perfect. -[crew] Down light first. 521 00:24:30,734 --> 00:24:31,767 [Gavin] OK, nice. 522 00:24:33,767 --> 00:24:35,300 [crew] Do you want the main lights? 523 00:24:35,467 --> 00:24:36,868 No, no, it's good, it's good. 524 00:24:37,033 --> 00:24:38,000 It's good. 525 00:24:38,167 --> 00:24:39,100 [crew] Whoa. 526 00:24:42,467 --> 00:24:44,667 [Gavin] OK, not yet, not yet. 527 00:24:44,834 --> 00:24:46,367 That's OK, I'll do that. 528 00:24:47,734 --> 00:24:50,501 This is male. 529 00:24:50,667 --> 00:24:51,567 Come on. 530 00:24:53,100 --> 00:24:54,100 OK... 531 00:24:56,067 --> 00:24:57,400 Ooh! 532 00:24:57,567 --> 00:24:59,167 [water thrashing] 533 00:24:59,334 --> 00:25:00,367 [crew] You got it! 534 00:25:00,534 --> 00:25:01,734 Damn. 535 00:25:02,767 --> 00:25:04,367 Damn is just right. 536 00:25:04,534 --> 00:25:05,567 [laughing] 537 00:25:06,868 --> 00:25:07,868 Good call. 538 00:25:08,033 --> 00:25:12,000 Tag went into a large male. 539 00:25:12,167 --> 00:25:13,934 [cheering] 540 00:25:16,367 --> 00:25:19,033 [Gavin] He's obviously got the hell out of here, because that was not 541 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:20,767 what he was expecting. 542 00:25:20,934 --> 00:25:23,167 [crew] Nice job not hesitating there, Gavin. 543 00:25:23,334 --> 00:25:25,868 -Thanks. -That was a nice shot, yeah. 544 00:25:26,033 --> 00:25:28,467 [Austin] Being able to tag a sixgill shark at depth 545 00:25:28,634 --> 00:25:30,868 is a really big achievement for science. 546 00:25:31,033 --> 00:25:33,467 It gives us the chance to study them without disturbing them. 547 00:25:33,634 --> 00:25:34,868 [Gavin] Look at the size of that thing! 548 00:25:35,033 --> 00:25:36,400 [Austin] Tagging helps us understand 549 00:25:36,567 --> 00:25:38,200 the behavior and the ecology of 550 00:25:38,367 --> 00:25:41,667 shark species, where they go, what depths they prefer, 551 00:25:41,834 --> 00:25:44,000 and what their migrations look like during the year. 552 00:25:44,167 --> 00:25:47,200 This gives us insights into how prehistoric sharks may have 553 00:25:47,367 --> 00:25:49,267 survived while others did not. 554 00:25:49,434 --> 00:25:50,868 While the sixgills' migration 555 00:25:51,033 --> 00:25:53,367 away from the ancient Texas Sea helped it survive, 556 00:25:54,868 --> 00:25:57,501 the surviving prehistoric sharks of Suruga Bay 557 00:25:57,667 --> 00:26:01,367 relied on the deep sea trenches to stave off extinction. 558 00:26:01,534 --> 00:26:03,167 I believe that here in Suruga Bay, 559 00:26:03,334 --> 00:26:05,501 there are more prehistoric sharks to uncover that can 560 00:26:05,667 --> 00:26:08,167 teach us about apex predators that once lived here. 561 00:26:09,667 --> 00:26:11,501 Austin and his team are searching for the living 562 00:26:11,667 --> 00:26:13,767 fossil sharks that can help paint a picture 563 00:26:13,934 --> 00:26:17,167 of the extinct super predators that once swam here. 564 00:26:17,334 --> 00:26:19,033 -Ready? -[Austin] That's good. 565 00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:20,601 First drop, we learned a lot. 566 00:26:20,767 --> 00:26:23,868 We had a great view of the Yokozuna slickhead, one of 567 00:26:24,033 --> 00:26:26,467 the rarest and oldest fish in the bay. 568 00:26:26,634 --> 00:26:27,868 [both] Wow. 569 00:26:27,868 --> 00:26:30,067 Now we're going deeper to try and find some of the bay's 570 00:26:30,234 --> 00:26:32,467 weirdest and craziest sharks. 571 00:26:32,634 --> 00:26:35,968 Sharks that were prey to some of the biggest Jurassic sharks. 572 00:26:36,133 --> 00:26:38,868 Just like the scissor-tooth and the buzzsaw shark, 573 00:26:39,033 --> 00:26:42,467 two of the wildest and deadliest sharks to ever live, 574 00:26:42,634 --> 00:26:45,267 both of which Austin believes prowled Suruga Bay. 575 00:26:47,033 --> 00:26:49,734 If we can find evidence of these living fossils, 576 00:26:49,901 --> 00:26:51,868 we know that they hunted in the area. 577 00:26:52,033 --> 00:26:54,200 We are rigged up for this second location. 578 00:26:56,267 --> 00:26:58,868 Put a lot of bait on there, ready to go explore this 579 00:26:59,033 --> 00:27:00,300 new environment. 580 00:27:00,300 --> 00:27:02,400 We're gonna go a little bit deeper, around 3,000 feet. 581 00:27:03,734 --> 00:27:06,767 The second drop is gonna be an area where particles 582 00:27:06,934 --> 00:27:10,367 and dead organic material sink, and that creates more habitat 583 00:27:10,534 --> 00:27:12,267 for consumers, scavengers, 584 00:27:12,434 --> 00:27:14,267 and, of course, big sharks. 585 00:27:14,434 --> 00:27:17,367 Layered with organic debris, the deeper drop location is 586 00:27:17,534 --> 00:27:20,133 a deep sea graveyard, home to the remains of 587 00:27:20,300 --> 00:27:23,200 ancient sharks, long extinct. 588 00:27:23,367 --> 00:27:25,868 But the decomposed material creates a feeding ground for 589 00:27:26,033 --> 00:27:27,868 some of the largest and strangest sharks in 590 00:27:28,033 --> 00:27:29,267 the area that have survived. 591 00:27:35,868 --> 00:27:36,934 Yeah. Yes. 592 00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:39,400 So let's get this loaded and let's put it in. 593 00:27:44,167 --> 00:27:45,767 -All right, go, go. -Good, good. 594 00:27:47,067 --> 00:27:48,567 [together] One, two, three. 595 00:27:48,734 --> 00:27:49,667 Ooh. 596 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:55,367 [Austin] All right, guys. Good job, everybody. 597 00:27:55,534 --> 00:27:57,167 That was great. Thank you, guys. Thank you. 598 00:28:09,133 --> 00:28:11,267 All right, feed is still working. 599 00:28:11,434 --> 00:28:13,868 That's good, because we are considerably deeper here. 600 00:28:15,467 --> 00:28:17,734 Perfect view of the sea floor here. 601 00:28:17,901 --> 00:28:20,200 It's pitch black, not seeing much right now. 602 00:28:22,667 --> 00:28:25,133 Hold on a second, is that what I think it is? 603 00:28:27,601 --> 00:28:29,567 Wow, I've never seen one of these before. 604 00:28:30,734 --> 00:28:34,667 This is a Chimaera, also known as a ghost shark. 605 00:28:34,834 --> 00:28:38,100 The ghost shark is actually the most ancient vertebrate 606 00:28:38,267 --> 00:28:40,200 that exists today on the planet. 607 00:28:40,367 --> 00:28:43,067 Living deep beneath the surface, the ghost shark 608 00:28:43,234 --> 00:28:46,033 evolved 400 million years ago. 609 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:49,200 Nothing else like it exists in the waters today. 610 00:28:49,367 --> 00:28:51,968 With more of a shark-like front, but a tail resembling 611 00:28:52,133 --> 00:28:54,734 a fish's, it provides a snapshot into 612 00:28:54,901 --> 00:28:56,200 prehistoric evolution. 613 00:28:56,367 --> 00:28:59,067 One of the most ancient creatures to ever exist, 614 00:28:59,234 --> 00:29:01,601 3,000 feet below us right now. 615 00:29:01,767 --> 00:29:05,033 Somehow, these animals have continued to persist. 616 00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:06,467 It's just so cool. 617 00:29:06,634 --> 00:29:07,667 When you see the ghost shark, 618 00:29:07,834 --> 00:29:10,100 you wonder, how did this thing survive? 619 00:29:10,267 --> 00:29:13,467 It's relatively small, and it can fit into a lot of 620 00:29:13,634 --> 00:29:16,501 different crevices and canyons in the deep ocean and hide from 621 00:29:16,667 --> 00:29:18,000 larger predators. 622 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,067 But when that species emerges, you get this incredible view of 623 00:29:21,234 --> 00:29:23,601 what life looked like hundreds of millions of years ago. 624 00:29:23,767 --> 00:29:26,968 And it was swimming with some of the wildest Jurassic sharks. 625 00:29:27,133 --> 00:29:28,601 Sharks like the scissor-tooth shark. 626 00:29:30,767 --> 00:29:34,067 The scissor-tooth shark had a conveyor belt with two rows 627 00:29:34,234 --> 00:29:36,767 of teeth that it would use to hunt prey at high speeds. 628 00:29:43,968 --> 00:29:45,467 But there's still more to uncover in 629 00:29:45,634 --> 00:29:48,133 the mysterious abyss, as a large shadow 630 00:29:48,300 --> 00:29:49,601 emerges from the depths. 631 00:29:51,067 --> 00:29:52,868 Oh, what's that? That's huge! 632 00:29:53,033 --> 00:29:54,033 That's really big! 633 00:29:56,100 --> 00:29:57,734 [thwack] 634 00:29:57,901 --> 00:29:58,834 [both] Oh! 635 00:30:00,767 --> 00:30:03,367 Oh, my God! Wow, that is insane! 636 00:30:06,467 --> 00:30:08,968 [both] Wow! 637 00:30:09,133 --> 00:30:10,868 [Austin] Oh, this is crazy. 638 00:30:11,033 --> 00:30:11,968 Whoa! 639 00:30:16,734 --> 00:30:18,267 Oh, what's that? That's huge. 640 00:30:18,434 --> 00:30:19,367 That's really big. 641 00:30:20,567 --> 00:30:23,000 -[thwack] -[both] Oh! 642 00:30:23,167 --> 00:30:27,167 While conducting research 3,000 feet deep in Suruga Bay, 643 00:30:27,334 --> 00:30:30,067 Austin and Yuuki have come across a giant shark that's 644 00:30:30,234 --> 00:30:31,267 fascinated by their camera. 645 00:30:31,434 --> 00:30:32,734 Look at that mouth. That's awesome. 646 00:30:33,934 --> 00:30:35,267 Yeah. 647 00:30:38,267 --> 00:30:39,267 [Austin] Yeah. 648 00:30:40,501 --> 00:30:41,868 Yep, Pacific sleeper shark. 649 00:30:44,868 --> 00:30:47,133 Huge, monster shark. 650 00:30:47,300 --> 00:30:51,167 Look at those teeth. Sleeper sharks are unreal. 651 00:30:51,334 --> 00:30:54,767 They are one of the largest predators in the deep ocean. 652 00:30:54,934 --> 00:30:56,734 They are voracious predators, 653 00:30:56,901 --> 00:30:58,400 and they're known to eat pretty much anything. 654 00:30:59,868 --> 00:31:01,000 Wow. 655 00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:03,234 It has this massive wound right on the belly. 656 00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,100 -[Yuuki] Some shark? -[Austin] Something really big. 657 00:31:05,267 --> 00:31:06,567 That bite is huge. 658 00:31:06,734 --> 00:31:09,467 Probably came from another shark, maybe another sleeper. 659 00:31:09,634 --> 00:31:12,667 You can see on the wound the shape of the jaw. 660 00:31:12,834 --> 00:31:16,367 Another species clearly attempted to eat and kill this 661 00:31:16,534 --> 00:31:18,501 sleeper shark, and it was unsuccessful. 662 00:31:18,667 --> 00:31:22,667 This one clearly came out on top, or just got away. 663 00:31:22,834 --> 00:31:25,834 But Austin is still hoping to uncover some of the strangest 664 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:27,300 sharks of the bay. 665 00:31:27,467 --> 00:31:28,734 [Austin] So the feed is still running. 666 00:31:28,901 --> 00:31:31,167 I see the bait. It's a little bit murky. 667 00:31:32,133 --> 00:31:33,300 I see some shadows in the back. 668 00:31:35,367 --> 00:31:36,934 OK, I see a big shape moving by. 669 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:40,767 OK, OK, we've got something coming in here. 670 00:31:40,934 --> 00:31:42,567 What is this? Come on. 671 00:31:43,667 --> 00:31:44,667 What is that? 672 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:48,167 Oh, my God, that's amazing. 673 00:31:48,334 --> 00:31:53,033 This is a frilled shark, and that is as close to 674 00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:56,267 a Jurassic-type shark that we're going to get. 675 00:31:56,434 --> 00:31:59,501 A true alien shark of the deep, the frilled shark has 676 00:31:59,667 --> 00:32:02,868 a six-foot-long, eel-like body and gets its name from 677 00:32:03,033 --> 00:32:04,734 its ruffled gill slits. 678 00:32:04,901 --> 00:32:08,167 And because it lives so deep in the ocean, it's very rarely 679 00:32:08,334 --> 00:32:09,667 seen by humans. 680 00:32:09,834 --> 00:32:12,601 Seeing a frilled shark is the highlight of this expedition. 681 00:32:12,767 --> 00:32:15,467 There's probably less than 100 people on the planet that have 682 00:32:15,634 --> 00:32:17,601 seen a frilled shark, so this is a huge find. 683 00:32:17,767 --> 00:32:18,968 Wow. 684 00:32:19,133 --> 00:32:22,133 The mouth is just unbelievable. 685 00:32:22,300 --> 00:32:25,467 The frilled shark has rows of trident-shaped teeth, 686 00:32:25,634 --> 00:32:29,567 not inside the mouth, but on the outside of its jaw, 687 00:32:29,734 --> 00:32:31,834 a trait it shares with the scissor-tooth 688 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:35,467 and its distant cousin, the buzzsaw shark. 689 00:32:35,634 --> 00:32:39,834 Perhaps the weirdest shark in the ocean, ever. 690 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:42,467 The buzzsaw had a bizarre jaw adaptation. 691 00:32:46,067 --> 00:32:49,100 [Ron] Its lower jaw was a circular tooth whorl. 692 00:32:49,267 --> 00:32:52,400 So when it would open its jaws, it would bite something, 693 00:32:52,567 --> 00:32:54,467 pull it into its mouth, and slice and dice it. 694 00:32:56,067 --> 00:32:57,767 Talk about nightmare fuel. 695 00:33:00,267 --> 00:33:02,567 But when facing off against the scissor-tooth, 696 00:33:02,734 --> 00:33:04,567 only one could come out on top. 697 00:33:04,734 --> 00:33:07,067 [Austin] The buzzsaw shark and the scissor-tooth were both 698 00:33:07,234 --> 00:33:09,567 swimming together when evolution was trying to figure 699 00:33:09,734 --> 00:33:12,100 out which adaptations would be needed to make 700 00:33:12,267 --> 00:33:14,033 a true super shark. 701 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,000 [snarling] 702 00:33:16,167 --> 00:33:18,868 Two 25-foot apex predators. 703 00:33:19,033 --> 00:33:21,667 The buzzsaw's tooth whorl could cause serious damage. 704 00:33:23,467 --> 00:33:25,868 But it wouldn't come close to the two rows of teeth 705 00:33:26,033 --> 00:33:28,601 the scissor-tooth used to eviscerate its prey. 706 00:33:33,033 --> 00:33:35,467 So, this looks like an animal that shouldn't exist 707 00:33:35,634 --> 00:33:37,267 on planet Earth today. 708 00:33:37,434 --> 00:33:40,667 But here in the deep waters of Suruga Bay, we have them. 709 00:33:40,834 --> 00:33:44,467 This proves that Suruga Bay was an ancient battleground for 710 00:33:44,634 --> 00:33:46,400 these large Jurassic sharks, 711 00:33:46,567 --> 00:33:47,868 dominated by the scissor-tooth. 712 00:33:49,267 --> 00:33:52,467 But even the apex predators of Suruga Bay would have been 713 00:33:52,634 --> 00:33:55,467 no match for the largest super shark to ever live. 714 00:34:00,300 --> 00:34:04,167 Back in Texas, Kesley is headed from land to the seas to hunt 715 00:34:04,334 --> 00:34:06,167 for evidence of the Megalodon. 716 00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:10,300 Finding ancient sharks in the middle of Texas where 717 00:34:10,467 --> 00:34:13,501 there's no modern-day ocean was so incredible. 718 00:34:13,667 --> 00:34:15,834 But I've heard evidence of Megalodon remains 719 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:16,934 here in the Gulf. 720 00:34:17,100 --> 00:34:18,100 And I'm here to see 721 00:34:18,100 --> 00:34:20,234 if they actually terrorized these waters. 722 00:34:22,501 --> 00:34:25,868 The most famous monster prehistoric shark, the Meg, 723 00:34:26,033 --> 00:34:28,501 was a coastal predator who terrorized the Gulf 724 00:34:28,667 --> 00:34:31,000 20 million years ago. 725 00:34:31,167 --> 00:34:34,033 Bigger than a school bus, its jaw span was wide enough to 726 00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:35,267 swallow a car whole. 727 00:34:36,934 --> 00:34:38,734 And its bite force was unheard of. 728 00:34:40,100 --> 00:34:42,968 Eight times stronger than a modern Great White's, 729 00:34:43,133 --> 00:34:44,901 making it a killing machine. 730 00:34:47,367 --> 00:34:50,834 So we're diving at this rig called Jurassic Park. 731 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:54,367 Dubbed Jurassic Park by local fishermen, this abandoned rig 732 00:34:54,534 --> 00:34:57,367 is known to be a treasure trove of fossils. 733 00:34:57,534 --> 00:35:00,133 That's because the oil beneath the ocean is formed by 734 00:35:00,300 --> 00:35:01,868 the remains of ancient marine life. 735 00:35:03,267 --> 00:35:05,934 [Kesley] So this will be prime habitat to find these ancient 736 00:35:06,100 --> 00:35:08,400 shark teeth while also potentially 737 00:35:08,567 --> 00:35:09,901 encountering modern-day sharks. 738 00:35:11,267 --> 00:35:14,567 Kesley will dive over 60 feet to the bottom of the rig to 739 00:35:14,734 --> 00:35:18,167 search for evidence that Megalodons swam here. 740 00:35:18,334 --> 00:35:21,100 If I'm gonna find evidence of a Megalodon, it might just 741 00:35:21,267 --> 00:35:22,267 be in these waters here. 742 00:35:22,434 --> 00:35:24,467 [adventurous music plays] 743 00:36:59,300 --> 00:37:01,267 [suspenseful tones play] 744 00:37:17,234 --> 00:37:20,434 50 miles off the coast of Texas, Dr. Kesley Banks is 745 00:37:20,601 --> 00:37:23,734 diving in a deep sea oil rig known as Jurassic Park... 746 00:37:28,567 --> 00:37:31,133 ...in search of evidence that the Megalodon swam here. 747 00:38:01,467 --> 00:38:04,033 We found a Megalodon tooth. 748 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:06,501 Down beneath the rig, Kesley uncovered what 749 00:38:06,667 --> 00:38:09,467 she believes to be the tip of a tooth belonging to 750 00:38:09,634 --> 00:38:11,767 the largest shark known to man. 751 00:38:11,934 --> 00:38:14,033 I could only have hoped to find a Meg tooth. 752 00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:18,267 The fact that I actually found one on this dive is incredible. 753 00:38:18,434 --> 00:38:21,667 The Megalodon had teeth that were seven inches long, 754 00:38:21,834 --> 00:38:24,267 much larger than any of the other fossilized 755 00:38:24,434 --> 00:38:26,734 shark teeth we've seen on this expedition. 756 00:38:26,901 --> 00:38:30,767 You compare Megalodon to the other super-sized sharks, 757 00:38:30,934 --> 00:38:32,133 there's no comparison. 758 00:38:32,300 --> 00:38:33,767 There simply hasn't been anything bigger. 759 00:38:33,934 --> 00:38:37,434 You're talking about a massive, big-toothed, 760 00:38:37,601 --> 00:38:40,767 hyper-predatory shark that can bite through a whale. 761 00:38:42,100 --> 00:38:43,868 No comparison. 762 00:38:44,033 --> 00:38:46,667 If the Meg were around today, working on this rig would have 763 00:38:46,834 --> 00:38:48,601 been even more dangerous than it is. 764 00:38:50,167 --> 00:38:52,968 If Megalodons swam in our oceans today, 765 00:38:53,133 --> 00:38:55,067 engineering a rig to withstand it would have been 766 00:38:55,234 --> 00:38:56,501 a losing battle. 767 00:38:57,667 --> 00:39:00,567 Even the strongest steel would be no match for its bite. 768 00:39:02,934 --> 00:39:04,467 [alarm blaring] 769 00:39:10,234 --> 00:39:12,167 [suspenseful music playing] 770 00:39:17,868 --> 00:39:19,734 -[alarm blaring] -Get to the bridge! 771 00:39:28,167 --> 00:39:29,367 [thud] 772 00:39:29,534 --> 00:39:30,567 [water roaring] 773 00:39:30,734 --> 00:39:32,467 [alarm blaring] 774 00:39:34,934 --> 00:39:36,467 [heavy cracking, rumbling] 775 00:39:41,267 --> 00:39:42,767 [fire crackling] 776 00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:46,968 [Austin] Everyone knows about the Meg, but there were so many exciting 777 00:39:47,133 --> 00:39:48,834 species that existed before it. 778 00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,667 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks, 779 00:39:51,834 --> 00:39:53,367 so it's up to us, as researchers, 780 00:39:53,534 --> 00:39:55,133 to try and piece those parts together. 781 00:39:55,300 --> 00:39:56,868 Might have something! 782 00:39:57,033 --> 00:39:59,167 [Austin] With these missions, we are able to uncover 783 00:39:59,334 --> 00:40:01,467 the apex predators of these ancient oceans. 784 00:40:03,167 --> 00:40:04,167 We got a shark. 785 00:40:04,334 --> 00:40:06,467 In Japan, we uncovered a living fossil. 786 00:40:06,634 --> 00:40:07,834 [both] Wow! 787 00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,267 Helped us better understand the scissor-tooth shark 788 00:40:10,434 --> 00:40:12,367 fed on prey in these canyons. 789 00:40:17,567 --> 00:40:18,834 We're here in Texas. 790 00:40:18,834 --> 00:40:22,434 We saw how the Ginsu's teeth evolved to be super lethal. 791 00:40:26,133 --> 00:40:28,467 There's hundreds of millions of years of shark history 792 00:40:28,634 --> 00:40:29,801 on the planet. 793 00:40:29,801 --> 00:40:32,767 What is clear is as time went on, each geologic era 794 00:40:32,934 --> 00:40:34,000 had their super shark. 795 00:40:34,167 --> 00:40:36,501 The first was the Texas Super Shark. 796 00:40:39,834 --> 00:40:41,567 [squelching, snarling] 797 00:40:42,868 --> 00:40:44,267 The Ginsu shark came next. 798 00:40:46,234 --> 00:40:47,934 And with its sharp, pointed teeth, 799 00:40:48,100 --> 00:40:50,033 it was an even bigger killing machine. 800 00:40:51,467 --> 00:40:52,868 But at the end of the day, 801 00:40:53,033 --> 00:40:54,567 nothing compared to the size of a Meg. 802 00:41:03,267 --> 00:41:06,701 Megalodon was the true ruler of the Jurassic sharks. 803 00:41:09,167 --> 00:41:12,367 Scientists are discovering new species all the time. 804 00:41:12,534 --> 00:41:14,267 Sharks larger than the truck you drove in here, right? 805 00:41:14,434 --> 00:41:15,567 [Kesley] Oh, my gosh. 806 00:41:15,567 --> 00:41:17,167 [Austin] Things you couldn't even imagine existed. 807 00:41:17,334 --> 00:41:18,767 This is 3,000 feet below us. 808 00:41:18,934 --> 00:41:20,868 And as technology continues to advance, 809 00:41:21,033 --> 00:41:23,000 we're getting this incredible view of these 810 00:41:23,167 --> 00:41:24,234 ancient sea beds. 811 00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:26,167 [Gavin] Wow! 812 00:41:26,334 --> 00:41:27,667 That's really big. 813 00:41:27,834 --> 00:41:30,000 [Yuuki speaking] 814 00:41:30,167 --> 00:41:32,067 -[thud] -[both] Oh! 815 00:41:32,234 --> 00:41:35,100 It's amazing to think about how many other insane 816 00:41:35,267 --> 00:41:37,501 prehistoric Jurassic sharks are still out there 817 00:41:37,667 --> 00:41:39,000 yet to be discovered. 67124

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