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1
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- [Gary Taubes] A very
good sign that you've
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00:00:38,893 --> 00:00:41,776
misunderstood the cause
of a disorder is your
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00:00:41,776 --> 00:00:45,242
inability to treat or prevent it.
4
00:00:46,130 --> 00:00:49,360
- You look at the data of
ever increasing obesity
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00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:51,699
and diabetes and you just think,
6
00:00:51,699 --> 00:00:54,010
how is it possible the whole world
7
00:00:54,010 --> 00:00:55,653
has failed to eat healthfully?
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00:00:56,860 --> 00:00:59,220
Maybe we're being told the wrong advice.
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00:00:59,220 --> 00:01:00,310
- [CBS News Anchor] Since the 1960's
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00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:01,520
the American Heart Association
11
00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:03,250
has been saying saturated fat
12
00:01:03,250 --> 00:01:04,960
is detrimental to cardiovascular health.
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00:01:04,960 --> 00:01:06,703
You need to get it out of the diet.
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00:01:06,703 --> 00:01:09,986
- It's hard to think of another policy
15
00:01:09,986 --> 00:01:14,663
that has caused so much
harm that has been so wrong.
16
00:01:16,736 --> 00:01:17,730
- You know the chief killer
17
00:01:17,730 --> 00:01:20,166
of Americans is cardiovascular disease.
18
00:01:20,166 --> 00:01:21,170
- [Dr. Sarah Hallberg]
I mean, the manipulation
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00:01:21,170 --> 00:01:24,540
of the data and the idea
and the push for low fat,
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00:01:24,540 --> 00:01:25,963
really got us in trouble.
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00:01:26,910 --> 00:01:30,440
- I think the low fat diet is genocide.
22
00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:33,130
- [TV Anchor] saturated fat
increases cardiovascular risk.
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00:01:33,130 --> 00:01:35,210
- We've been told forever
that fat's gonna kill you.
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00:01:35,210 --> 00:01:38,130
- This started because
incontrovertible evidence
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00:01:38,130 --> 00:01:40,230
that saturated fat is bad.
26
00:01:40,230 --> 00:01:41,567
- Over and over and over.
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00:01:41,567 --> 00:01:44,200
- The more animal protein,
particularly red meat you eat,
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00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:45,380
the more likely you are to get sick
29
00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:46,690
from all kinds of different things.
30
00:01:46,690 --> 00:01:48,240
- You're fat because you eat too much fat.
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00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:51,163
- So, low fat, low fat,
low fat, low fat, low fat.
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00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:54,065
- [Dr. Hyman] For 40 years,
the dietary guidelines
33
00:01:54,065 --> 00:01:55,253
have set nutrition standards
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00:01:55,253 --> 00:01:58,849
for every American for our kids in school,
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00:01:58,849 --> 00:02:02,020
for food programs for
the poor and the elderly,
36
00:02:02,020 --> 00:02:04,160
for rations for our nation's military,
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00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,510
for doctors, nutritionists and dieticians.
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00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:11,190
We've had it hammered into
our heads that fat is bad.
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00:02:11,190 --> 00:02:14,510
Especially saturated fat, the
kind found in meat, dairy,
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00:02:14,510 --> 00:02:18,200
and some tropical oils
like coconut and palm.
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00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,180
- [Woman] The base of the
pyramid, carbohydrates.
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00:02:21,180 --> 00:02:23,830
- [Dr. Hyman] The food pyramid
codified our fat phobia,
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00:02:23,830 --> 00:02:25,309
telling us to make carbohydrates
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00:02:25,309 --> 00:02:27,980
the foundation of our food choices.
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00:02:27,980 --> 00:02:30,598
- I think the food pyramid
is great if you're standing
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00:02:30,598 --> 00:02:32,760
on your head because you need
47
00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:35,290
to turn that pyramid upside down.
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00:02:35,290 --> 00:02:36,230
- You can't be serious.
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00:02:36,230 --> 00:02:37,693
That would put butter and
fat at the top of the--
50
00:02:37,693 --> 00:02:39,603
- Flip the damn food pyramid!
51
00:02:39,603 --> 00:02:42,231
(keyboard keys clacking)
(dramatic music)
52
00:02:42,231 --> 00:02:45,889
(computer beeping)
53
00:02:45,889 --> 00:02:47,238
- Nutrition is stabilizing.
54
00:02:47,238 --> 00:02:48,240
(all cheering)
55
00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:49,280
- We got the whole story wrong.
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00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:51,110
We were told to eat six
to 11 servings of bread,
57
00:02:51,110 --> 00:02:53,210
rice, cereal and pasta a day
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00:02:53,210 --> 00:02:54,650
by the government and the food pyramid,
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00:02:54,650 --> 00:02:56,369
it should be called the food tombstone!
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00:02:56,369 --> 00:02:58,952
(gentle music)
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00:03:01,770 --> 00:03:03,150
- [Dr. Hyman] I'm Dr. Mark Hyman,
62
00:03:03,150 --> 00:03:04,560
a functional medicine physician
63
00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:06,983
with a focus on food as medicine.
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00:03:09,430 --> 00:03:12,373
And I understand the
healing power of food.
65
00:03:14,620 --> 00:03:16,960
But I can tell you the low fat diet
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00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:18,683
did not make us healthy.
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00:03:19,646 --> 00:03:24,646
- I think a low fat heart
healthy diet is unproven.
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00:03:25,410 --> 00:03:28,920
It was essentially a huge experiment
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00:03:28,920 --> 00:03:33,068
on millions of people
and it failed miserably.
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00:03:33,068 --> 00:03:35,740
Wait a minute, have you not seen,
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00:03:35,740 --> 00:03:37,460
are you not practicing medicine
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00:03:37,460 --> 00:03:39,610
to see who is coming into your clinic?
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00:03:39,610 --> 00:03:43,080
To see the problems that
this idea has caused?
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00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:46,927
I mean, it's just to me, unbelievable.
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00:03:46,927 --> 00:03:49,227
- [Dr. Hyman] For years, even I believed
76
00:03:49,227 --> 00:03:52,346
that eating fat would make me fat,
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00:03:52,346 --> 00:03:54,137
and that eating saturated fat
78
00:03:54,137 --> 00:03:57,430
would cause heart disease and kill me.
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00:03:57,430 --> 00:04:00,010
But now a growing group of experts reveal
80
00:04:00,010 --> 00:04:03,483
that the science against
saturated fat was never there.
81
00:04:04,590 --> 00:04:06,130
- I was astonished to find
82
00:04:06,130 --> 00:04:08,330
that there simply was no evidence.
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00:04:08,330 --> 00:04:10,524
- It was just an idea, but
it was launched as a policy
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00:04:10,524 --> 00:04:13,783
for all Americans based
really on no evidence at all.
85
00:04:13,783 --> 00:04:15,330
- What is the evidence?
86
00:04:15,330 --> 00:04:17,820
A big, big zero.
87
00:04:17,820 --> 00:04:20,110
- Our federal dietary guidelines,
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00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:21,930
the official government advice for how
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00:04:21,930 --> 00:04:24,410
we should all eat to stay healthy tell us
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00:04:24,410 --> 00:04:27,500
to limit saturated fat to
just a couple of bites a day
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00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:31,870
and make carbohydrates more
than half our daily calories.
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00:04:31,870 --> 00:04:33,776
I'm here to tell you that advice
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00:04:33,776 --> 00:04:36,641
is upside down and backwards.
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00:04:36,641 --> 00:04:39,698
The idea that eating fat
will make you fat is wrong
95
00:04:39,698 --> 00:04:42,380
and the science that says saturated fat
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00:04:42,380 --> 00:04:45,360
causes heart disease is misleading.
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00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:47,190
And instead has led our nation down
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00:04:47,190 --> 00:04:50,047
a dangerous path toward
a widespread epidemic
99
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of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
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00:04:53,940 --> 00:04:54,773
- We screwed up.
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00:04:54,773 --> 00:04:56,770
It happens all the time in science.
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00:04:56,770 --> 00:05:00,794
Medical orthodoxy latched
onto the wrong explanation,
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00:05:00,794 --> 00:05:03,330
made a tragic mistake and now
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00:05:03,330 --> 00:05:04,793
we're living with the consequences.
105
00:05:09,473 --> 00:05:14,473
(gentle music)
(cards flipping)
106
00:05:19,610 --> 00:05:21,040
- [Charlie Gibson] The
nation got a report card
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00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:23,580
on obesity today and the country flunked.
108
00:05:23,580 --> 00:05:24,920
- [News Reporter] The
battle against obesity
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00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:26,287
has been going on for years.
110
00:05:26,287 --> 00:05:27,760
- [Michelle Obama] One in three children
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00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:30,515
in this country is overweight or obese.
112
00:05:30,515 --> 00:05:33,182
(gentle music)
113
00:05:36,814 --> 00:05:39,550
- [Dr. Oz] An estimated
$200,000,000,000 cost
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00:05:39,550 --> 00:05:41,691
to the healthcare industry
continues to rise.
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00:05:41,691 --> 00:05:42,910
- [Gayle King] The search
for weight loss and health
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00:05:42,910 --> 00:05:45,170
may be a little more
complex than you think.
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00:05:45,170 --> 00:05:46,240
- [Peter Jennings] Despite all attempts
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00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:47,280
to attack the problem,
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00:05:47,280 --> 00:05:51,300
the adult obesity rate increased
in 23 states last year.
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00:05:51,300 --> 00:05:53,883
(gentle music)
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00:05:58,414 --> 00:05:59,990
- [Cynthia McMadden]
Why is it that Americans
122
00:05:59,990 --> 00:06:03,196
keep getting fatter in spite
of government efforts ranging
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00:06:03,196 --> 00:06:06,573
from calorie posting to
new school lunch programs?
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00:06:08,290 --> 00:06:09,610
- [Gary Taubes] A lot
of things with science
125
00:06:09,610 --> 00:06:11,300
is about seeing whether things
126
00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:13,220
that make sense are really right or not.
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In this case it sounded reasonable
but happened to be wrong.
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00:06:16,970 --> 00:06:19,637
(gentle music)
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- I'm not happy about
a lot of years of bein'
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at different doctors and every time
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that I'd go in there was just
here's another injection,
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00:06:56,830 --> 00:06:58,770
here's a different kind of an injectable.
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This is the injectable that is supposed
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00:07:01,130 --> 00:07:03,180
to help you make your own insulin.
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00:07:03,180 --> 00:07:05,437
The list of side effects
were longer than your arm
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00:07:05,437 --> 00:07:09,500
and it never made you feel better.
137
00:07:09,500 --> 00:07:14,500
And certainly didn't
help at all with weight.
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- [Dr. Hyman] Judi has
been Type 2 diabetic
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00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:18,750
for most of her adult life.
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So has her dad.
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When she was a teenager he died
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from complications of the disease.
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Judi's tried for decades to get
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her blood sugar under control.
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- When I did everything
they told me to do,
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I'd still gain weight and
so then you just give up.
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- [CNBC Anchor] This health epidemic
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is weighing on Americans.
- Judi is not alone.
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- [CNBC Anchor] Reports show
the U.S. obesity epidemic
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00:07:38,970 --> 00:07:40,430
is only getting worse.
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00:07:40,430 --> 00:07:43,570
- Americans are not winning
their battle against obesity.
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00:07:43,570 --> 00:07:47,012
- Obesity among children doubled
over the past two decades.
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00:07:47,012 --> 00:07:49,350
- [Dr. Hyman] Today, 75% of the country
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00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:52,499
is overweight or obese
and one in two of us
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is either pre-diabetic or Type 2 diabetic.
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- Type 2 diabetes is
crushing us financially.
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00:08:00,510 --> 00:08:01,510
Crushing us.
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00:08:01,510 --> 00:08:03,010
- It currently costs a person
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00:08:03,010 --> 00:08:08,010
with diabetes in America
$900 a month for insulin.
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00:08:08,850 --> 00:08:11,330
- Direct cost to our healthcare system,
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00:08:11,330 --> 00:08:13,600
is about a billion dollars a day.
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00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:16,410
- There isn't enough money
in the health care system
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to be able to afford this.
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- The cost in terms of money is huge,
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the cost in terms of human suffering
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is like 10 times more than that.
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(upbeat music)
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- [Dr. Hyman] In the space
of a single generation,
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we've gone from this,
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00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:41,373
to this.
(whistle shrilling)
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00:08:42,820 --> 00:08:47,770
- Watching the footage of the
50th anniversary of Apollo 11,
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I was struck by how not fat
everyone in the crowd was.
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(audience laughs)
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We look like a completely
different race of people.
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- The heart attacks, the strokes,
the cancer, the blindness,
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the amputations, all of that,
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I think is unnecessary suffering
that we're causing people.
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00:09:06,670 --> 00:09:08,720
- [Dr. Hyman] The question
is, where did this
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00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:11,320
come from and why is it occurring?
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00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:12,470
When I was in medical school,
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00:09:12,470 --> 00:09:15,510
Type 2 diabetes happened
only in older adults.
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Now we see it in kids as
young as three years old.
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00:09:18,913 --> 00:09:22,200
And the more we try to medicate
our way out of the disease,
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the worse it seems to get.
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- Ya can't throw drugs
at a dietary disease
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and expect to make it better.
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But that's the medical teaching.
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"Hey, you have Type 2 Diabetes,
let me give you some pills."
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- The model doesn't work.
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We're not making people healthy,
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we're just treating disease.
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But if you give people good nutrition,
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they become very healthy.
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00:09:44,730 --> 00:09:46,556
- He introduced that keto diet,
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and six weeks later,
it was like a miracle.
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No diabetes.
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- And it was like magic,
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and I got off, completely off of insulin.
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- Two years later I had lost 197 pounds.
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00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:06,345
- [Dr. Hyman] Problem
is we've been confused
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00:10:06,345 --> 00:10:10,670
and downright brainwashed by
decades of nutritional dogma.
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The almost religious conviction
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that fat is bad, especially
saturated animal fats.
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00:10:16,313 --> 00:10:18,830
- You can lose weight
on these animal protein,
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00:10:18,830 --> 00:10:21,030
Atkins type diets but you're mortgaging
206
00:10:21,030 --> 00:10:22,590
your health in the process.
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00:10:22,590 --> 00:10:27,200
- We still operate under this
idea of dogmatic principles.
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00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:29,270
We've always done it that way,
209
00:10:29,270 --> 00:10:31,370
that's what we've always said,
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00:10:31,370 --> 00:10:33,350
we're gonna continue to say it.
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And unfortunately, nothing
is holding back progress
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00:10:37,510 --> 00:10:41,230
in nutrition science like dogma.
213
00:10:41,230 --> 00:10:43,320
- [Dr. Hyman] Alternative
ideas have been attacked
214
00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:44,960
and physicians labeled us quacks
215
00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:46,760
for ignoring guidelines against fats
216
00:10:46,760 --> 00:10:49,318
and telling patients to cut carbs instead.
217
00:10:49,318 --> 00:10:52,330
In South Africa, Dr.
Tim Noakes went through
218
00:10:52,330 --> 00:10:55,427
a four year ordeal that
threatened his medical license
219
00:10:55,427 --> 00:10:57,750
for recommending a low carbohydrate,
220
00:10:57,750 --> 00:10:59,890
high fat diet to a young mother.
221
00:10:59,890 --> 00:11:02,210
- The reason why the low carbohydrate diet
222
00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:03,986
has become demonized is because it works
223
00:11:03,986 --> 00:11:06,053
and it has a huge impact on
224
00:11:06,053 --> 00:11:09,584
the financial return of
the medical profession.
225
00:11:09,584 --> 00:11:12,000
- I'm an internal medicine specialist.
226
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,308
I can treat all of the
conditions that I used to treat
227
00:11:15,308 --> 00:11:19,570
with medications just
by changing the food.
228
00:11:19,570 --> 00:11:21,240
It's remarkable.
229
00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,620
- It's completely free,
there's no special equipment,
230
00:11:24,620 --> 00:11:27,900
there's no special surgeries.
231
00:11:27,900 --> 00:11:29,830
It's completely natural and it's
232
00:11:29,830 --> 00:11:32,030
been used for thousands of years.
233
00:11:32,030 --> 00:11:33,748
- I can treat not only obesity
234
00:11:33,748 --> 00:11:36,079
but I can treat Type 2 diabetes,
235
00:11:36,079 --> 00:11:37,894
high blood pressure,
236
00:11:37,894 --> 00:11:39,924
in fact I have to take away medications
237
00:11:39,924 --> 00:11:42,950
from people as they get better.
238
00:11:42,950 --> 00:11:46,300
- This is as big as the discovery
of insulin or antibiotics.
239
00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:47,670
It clearly is.
240
00:11:47,670 --> 00:11:50,878
- My interpretation is
that low-fat diets can work
241
00:11:50,878 --> 00:11:53,758
but low carb diets work better
242
00:11:53,758 --> 00:11:56,253
and that's what the science says.
243
00:11:57,138 --> 00:11:59,805
(upbeat music)
244
00:12:00,650 --> 00:12:02,490
- [Dr. Hyman] Nick Brown is
a pretty typical American
245
00:12:02,490 --> 00:12:03,950
when it comes to his diet.
246
00:12:03,950 --> 00:12:04,783
- Hey, how you doin'?
- Good.
247
00:12:04,783 --> 00:12:06,060
- [Dr. Hyman] He eats
a variety of protein,
248
00:12:06,060 --> 00:12:07,290
vegetables and grains.
249
00:12:07,290 --> 00:12:08,737
He enjoys beer now and then.
250
00:12:08,737 --> 00:12:10,340
And one of his favorite foods--
251
00:12:10,340 --> 00:12:11,173
- Thank you, Sir.
- Have a good day.
252
00:12:11,173 --> 00:12:12,460
- Have a good day.
- Appreciate it.
253
00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:13,450
- [Dr. Hyman] Is pizza.
254
00:12:13,450 --> 00:12:14,960
- Lookin' forward to pizza.
255
00:12:14,960 --> 00:12:15,793
Maybe.
256
00:12:15,793 --> 00:12:18,236
If it ruins pizza for me,
I'm gonna be pissed off.
257
00:12:18,236 --> 00:12:19,890
(group laughing)
258
00:12:19,890 --> 00:12:20,980
- [Dr. Hyman] Nick is participating
259
00:12:20,980 --> 00:12:23,770
in a unique nutrition
experiment along with Tracy.
260
00:12:23,770 --> 00:12:25,310
- [Tracy] Yeah, I've
got a plan for the week.
261
00:12:25,310 --> 00:12:26,143
- [Dr. Hyman] And Cynthia.
262
00:12:26,143 --> 00:12:27,100
- Thank you.
- You're welcome.
263
00:12:27,100 --> 00:12:28,880
- [Dr. Hyman] Three
metabolically healthy people
264
00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:32,710
who take no medications,
trying two different diets.
265
00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:35,750
Low carb versus low fat.
266
00:12:35,750 --> 00:12:37,433
- Quite a few new recipes,
267
00:12:37,433 --> 00:12:40,230
so I was curious about
using the right thing.
268
00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:41,470
- [Nurse] Up on this smaller--
269
00:12:41,470 --> 00:12:44,310
- [Dr. Hyman] Before, during and after
270
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:47,118
the experiment they each weight in,
271
00:12:47,118 --> 00:12:50,696
check their blood pressure,
blood sugar and cholesterol.
272
00:12:50,696 --> 00:12:52,318
- Here's a little bit of alcohol--
273
00:12:52,318 --> 00:12:53,550
- [Dr. Hyman] Throughout the experiment
274
00:12:53,550 --> 00:12:55,140
we'll track their blood sugar.
275
00:12:55,140 --> 00:12:55,973
- [Dr. Freshwater] Are you ready?
276
00:12:55,973 --> 00:12:56,806
- [Nick] Sure.
277
00:12:56,806 --> 00:12:57,639
- Okay, here it comes.
- Go.
278
00:12:57,639 --> 00:13:01,060
- [Dr. Hyman] Using a continuous
glucose monitor or CGM.
279
00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:01,893
- [Dr. Freshwater] It didn't bother you?
280
00:13:01,893 --> 00:13:02,726
- [Nick] No.
281
00:13:02,726 --> 00:13:03,559
- [Dr. Freshwater] Okay.
282
00:13:03,559 --> 00:13:06,470
- You just hit a check glucose.
283
00:13:06,470 --> 00:13:09,114
And it says, "Ready to scan"
and you just take it here,
284
00:13:09,114 --> 00:13:09,980
(scanner beeps)
285
00:13:09,980 --> 00:13:10,990
and there it is.
286
00:13:10,990 --> 00:13:12,800
It's 94, right now.
287
00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:13,990
- [Dr. Hyman] The first week we put them
288
00:13:13,990 --> 00:13:16,230
on a low carb ketogenic diet with less
289
00:13:16,230 --> 00:13:18,865
than 20 grams of carbohydrates per day.
290
00:13:18,865 --> 00:13:23,865
Plenty of healthy fats and a
moderate amount of protein.
291
00:13:24,390 --> 00:13:27,330
A diet designed to keep blood sugars low,
292
00:13:27,330 --> 00:13:29,579
but an eating pattern that is not allowed
293
00:13:29,579 --> 00:13:32,433
by the U.S. dietary guidelines.
294
00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:39,110
The second week, we switch them
to a USDA MyPlate meal plan.
295
00:13:39,110 --> 00:13:43,700
It's a 2,000 calorie a day
government endorsed low fat plan
296
00:13:43,700 --> 00:13:47,100
featuring whole grains, lean
meats and vegetable oils
297
00:13:47,100 --> 00:13:50,303
and more than half the day's
calories as carbohydrates.
298
00:13:51,510 --> 00:13:54,863
Week one is the low carb, high fat diet.
299
00:13:55,786 --> 00:13:56,697
- And then we'll keep this goin'.
300
00:13:56,697 --> 00:13:58,640
This is almost ready.
301
00:13:58,640 --> 00:13:59,580
I'm excited about it.
302
00:13:59,580 --> 00:14:01,929
I'm excited to try the
recipes and excited to see
303
00:14:01,929 --> 00:14:05,340
just what a full week of doing this does.
304
00:14:05,340 --> 00:14:06,770
- [Tracy] I'm grateful to be doing it.
305
00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:08,477
It's very fascinating to me.
306
00:14:08,477 --> 00:14:10,810
- [Dr. Hyman] The keto recipes are full
307
00:14:10,810 --> 00:14:13,704
of healthy natural fats
like eggs, butter, avocado,
308
00:14:13,704 --> 00:14:18,090
olive oil and nuts and seeds
and even grass fed beef.
309
00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:20,480
- [Cynthia] I love new recipes,
so this is really good.
310
00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:21,490
Interesting.
311
00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:23,060
- So, these are buttered eggs
312
00:14:23,060 --> 00:14:25,382
and that's what they're
called in the recipe.
313
00:14:25,382 --> 00:14:27,620
You actually make them with butter.
314
00:14:27,620 --> 00:14:29,870
I use the grass fed butter.
315
00:14:29,870 --> 00:14:32,120
And then, I decided to add
a little bit of avocado,
316
00:14:32,120 --> 00:14:34,790
and some tomatoes and salt
and pepper and that's it.
317
00:14:34,790 --> 00:14:37,180
Super simple, super easy.
318
00:14:37,180 --> 00:14:42,180
- I am making a keto zucchini boats.
319
00:14:42,510 --> 00:14:44,750
You take out the middle of the zucchini,
320
00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:47,250
cook it up with some onion, spinach.
321
00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:50,180
I put in some olives, olive oil,
322
00:14:50,180 --> 00:14:52,380
and then just let that
saute for a little bit.
323
00:14:52,380 --> 00:14:53,910
- I think it's working for my body.
324
00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:56,371
I'm curious to see what it
does through the whole week.
325
00:14:56,371 --> 00:14:58,954
(upbeat music)
326
00:15:00,124 --> 00:15:01,990
- These are really good.
327
00:15:01,990 --> 00:15:04,320
- [Dr. Hyman] By adding
healthy fats into every meal
328
00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:06,290
and cutting out processed carbs,
329
00:15:06,290 --> 00:15:09,720
the three experience a sense
of fullness that lasts.
330
00:15:09,720 --> 00:15:14,140
- Well, to be honest, I've
really not been famished.
331
00:15:14,140 --> 00:15:17,490
- [Tracy] So, this is day
three of the strict Keto Diet.
332
00:15:17,490 --> 00:15:19,890
I am literally down
three and a half pounds
333
00:15:19,890 --> 00:15:21,380
from when this started.
334
00:15:21,380 --> 00:15:23,010
I'm surprised by that.
335
00:15:23,010 --> 00:15:23,930
I feel great.
336
00:15:23,930 --> 00:15:25,430
I went mountain biking last night,
337
00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:29,040
and had a lot of energy
and I don't feel hungry.
338
00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:30,360
- I still feel full and that
339
00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:31,800
was after three and a half hours.
340
00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:32,967
And usually at that time, yeah,
341
00:15:32,967 --> 00:15:35,517
the two, two and a half
hours, I'm hungry, usually.
342
00:15:36,960 --> 00:15:38,200
- One way to think of carbs
343
00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:40,579
is they're like kindling on a fire.
344
00:15:40,579 --> 00:15:42,825
They burn quickly and then go out,
345
00:15:42,825 --> 00:15:46,392
dropping your blood sugar
and creating severe cravings.
346
00:15:46,392 --> 00:15:49,845
The physical signal that
your body needs more fuel.
347
00:15:49,845 --> 00:15:51,500
To keep your metabolism burning,
348
00:15:51,500 --> 00:15:54,610
you must constantly eat
more and then you crash
349
00:15:54,610 --> 00:15:56,849
and then you eat more and then you crash.
350
00:15:56,849 --> 00:15:59,890
See how carbs like bread, pasta,
351
00:15:59,890 --> 00:16:03,631
rice and yes even whole grains
effect your blood sugar.
352
00:16:03,631 --> 00:16:06,870
Protein has a much lower response.
353
00:16:06,870 --> 00:16:09,549
It will raise blood sugar
a small amount and fat,
354
00:16:09,549 --> 00:16:11,460
take a look at fat.
355
00:16:11,460 --> 00:16:14,363
Almost no rise in blood sugar at all.
356
00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:18,762
When you eat fat it's like
putting logs on the fire.
357
00:16:18,762 --> 00:16:23,563
What you get is just a
long, steady source of fuel.
358
00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:27,610
- And that's one of the reasons
that I like low carb diets
359
00:16:27,610 --> 00:16:30,013
so much because they don't
require as much willpower
360
00:16:30,013 --> 00:16:33,100
because if your hormones,
your insulin isn't going
361
00:16:33,100 --> 00:16:35,180
up to the sky every time that you eat,
362
00:16:35,180 --> 00:16:37,762
and then crashing down
making you crave a bagel
363
00:16:37,762 --> 00:16:40,230
or a donut or something from the snack.
364
00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:43,170
If that's not happening in
your physiology all the time,
365
00:16:43,170 --> 00:16:47,400
it's much easier to not overeat.
366
00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:49,470
- Day six, lunchtime.
367
00:16:49,470 --> 00:16:51,839
Leftover Italian cabbage stir fry
368
00:16:51,839 --> 00:16:55,223
with a blop of sour cream.
369
00:16:55,223 --> 00:17:00,223
I'm still not quite hungry
but it's time for lunch.
370
00:17:00,350 --> 00:17:01,740
- You know what's really great
371
00:17:01,740 --> 00:17:04,650
about this is it's so
easy to test your glucose.
372
00:17:04,650 --> 00:17:06,420
- The sensor is here.
373
00:17:06,420 --> 00:17:09,290
And then, on my phone I go on
the app that connects to it.
374
00:17:09,290 --> 00:17:13,487
- And you just put it up and it grabs it.
375
00:17:13,487 --> 00:17:17,080
- And it went doo bloop
and then you have it.
376
00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:17,913
- Pretty cool.
377
00:17:17,913 --> 00:17:19,080
- It's really cool (laughs).
378
00:17:20,380 --> 00:17:22,350
- [Dr. Hyman] All week on
the low carb, hight fat diet,
379
00:17:22,350 --> 00:17:25,046
their blood sugars are
virtual straight lines
380
00:17:25,046 --> 00:17:27,210
with no spikes or dips.
381
00:17:27,210 --> 00:17:28,190
- It's been steady.
382
00:17:28,190 --> 00:17:33,010
It's been, typically,
at the 85 to 90 range.
383
00:17:33,010 --> 00:17:34,393
And I just ate and that's 83.
384
00:17:34,393 --> 00:17:36,660
I just tried it a few minutes ago
385
00:17:36,660 --> 00:17:38,620
and it's gone down six points.
386
00:17:38,620 --> 00:17:40,140
- I kinda wanna just
keep it on all the time
387
00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:43,498
'cause it's so interesting to
see what you're doing all day.
388
00:17:43,498 --> 00:17:44,800
- [Dr. Hyman] By the end of the week
389
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:48,470
all three participants have
lost weight and feel great.
390
00:17:48,470 --> 00:17:49,303
- How'd your week go?
391
00:17:49,303 --> 00:17:50,136
- Very well.
392
00:17:50,136 --> 00:17:51,410
Thanks.
- Good.
393
00:17:51,410 --> 00:17:54,900
You have lost about two
and a half pounds of fat.
394
00:17:54,900 --> 00:17:56,530
And how were your blood sugars?
395
00:17:56,530 --> 00:17:57,363
- Very, very even.
396
00:17:57,363 --> 00:18:00,480
- And look, your lean tissue,
not only has it not gone down,
397
00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:02,300
it's actually gone up a little bit.
398
00:18:02,300 --> 00:18:04,010
Boy, you're really even.
399
00:18:04,010 --> 00:18:04,843
- Yeah.
- Wow,
400
00:18:04,843 --> 00:18:06,102
not a lot of variation at all.
401
00:18:06,102 --> 00:18:07,780
- I had always a full feeling,
402
00:18:07,780 --> 00:18:10,270
so I'm wondering if I ate too much maybe.
403
00:18:10,270 --> 00:18:11,103
I don't know.
404
00:18:11,103 --> 00:18:12,390
- Well, you'll feel a lot more full
405
00:18:12,390 --> 00:18:13,979
with fat and protein,
- Yeah.
406
00:18:13,979 --> 00:18:16,480
- and less carbohydrate, for sure.
407
00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,930
- [Dr. Hyman] Next week,
we'll flip from low carb
408
00:18:18,930 --> 00:18:22,287
to low fat and follow the
U.S. dietary guidelines.
409
00:18:22,287 --> 00:18:23,180
- [Dr. Freshwater] I'm really curious
410
00:18:23,180 --> 00:18:24,670
to see what happens (laughs).
- Yeah, me too.
411
00:18:24,670 --> 00:18:26,627
- I'm a little scared
about what's gonna happen.
412
00:18:26,627 --> 00:18:29,320
(upbeat music)
413
00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:30,950
- So how is it possible that we got
414
00:18:30,950 --> 00:18:33,102
the story so wrong about fats?
415
00:18:33,102 --> 00:18:35,445
There were religious
objections to eating meat
416
00:18:35,445 --> 00:18:39,030
as early as the 1800's that
influenced American opinions
417
00:18:39,030 --> 00:18:42,340
but a major turning point was in 1955
418
00:18:42,340 --> 00:18:44,880
when a presidential health
scare shocked the nation.
419
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,010
- [News Anchor] News of
President Eisenhower's
420
00:18:47,010 --> 00:18:48,990
sudden illness described by his doctors
421
00:18:48,990 --> 00:18:52,910
as coronary thrombosis came
as a severe shock to us all.
422
00:18:52,910 --> 00:18:55,690
- President Eisenhower in
1955 had a heart attack.
423
00:18:55,690 --> 00:18:58,650
He was out of the oval
office for 10 whole days,
424
00:18:58,650 --> 00:19:00,810
and that really focused the attention
425
00:19:00,810 --> 00:19:02,930
of the nation on this
problem of heart disease.
426
00:19:02,930 --> 00:19:04,940
- [News Anchor] Cardiovascular
ailments continue
427
00:19:04,940 --> 00:19:08,150
to take an increasingly
heavy toll of American lives,
428
00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:09,230
a million this year.
429
00:19:09,230 --> 00:19:10,640
- The nation was really in shock
430
00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:14,060
and there was a desperate
need for explanations.
431
00:19:14,060 --> 00:19:14,893
- And people were like,
432
00:19:14,893 --> 00:19:16,980
"Whoa, what's causing
all the heart disease?"
433
00:19:16,980 --> 00:19:18,607
- [Man] Here are vital statistics,
434
00:19:18,607 --> 00:19:20,620
they show that the problem here
435
00:19:20,620 --> 00:19:22,540
in America is the worst in the world.
436
00:19:22,540 --> 00:19:24,240
- [Woman] There were a
number of ideas about it.
437
00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:25,596
One was that it was vitamin deficiency,
438
00:19:25,596 --> 00:19:28,840
another was that it was the
rising tide of auto exhaust,
439
00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:30,260
more cars on the road.
440
00:19:30,260 --> 00:19:33,743
- Of 10 men, we can expect five to get it.
441
00:19:37,720 --> 00:19:42,110
But we can't say who or when or why.
442
00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:43,617
- Now, you can look back now and say,
443
00:19:43,617 --> 00:19:45,617
"Well, that's pretty easy to understand.
444
00:19:47,117 --> 00:19:49,270
"Everybody was smoking."
445
00:19:49,270 --> 00:19:50,260
- Raleigh?
446
00:19:50,260 --> 00:19:51,573
- Oh, no thanks!
447
00:19:52,450 --> 00:19:53,920
I have a pack.
448
00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:55,640
- [TV Announcer] More doctors smoke Camels
449
00:19:55,640 --> 00:19:57,690
than any other cigarette.
450
00:19:57,690 --> 00:20:00,485
- [Dr. Hyman] In the 1950s
and 60s, cigarettes were in.
451
00:20:00,485 --> 00:20:03,514
♪ Spud cigarettes are cooler than cool ♪
452
00:20:03,514 --> 00:20:04,791
♪ Smoke Spud cigarettes ♪
453
00:20:04,791 --> 00:20:06,497
♪ That's the mouth's happy rule ♪
454
00:20:06,497 --> 00:20:08,350
- Here, have a Viceroy.
455
00:20:08,350 --> 00:20:11,842
- [Dr. Hyman] Eisenhower
himself smoked four packs a day.
456
00:20:11,842 --> 00:20:13,350
- What do you think?
457
00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:15,261
- This is what I was really looking for.
458
00:20:15,261 --> 00:20:16,780
- [Dr. Hyman] If you look at the trends
459
00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:18,140
for cigarette smoking against
460
00:20:18,140 --> 00:20:21,183
the increases in heart
disease, they track together.
461
00:20:21,183 --> 00:20:23,480
But at the same time the consumption
462
00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:26,530
of saturated fat was falling dramatically.
463
00:20:26,530 --> 00:20:27,700
- Everybody was smoking.
464
00:20:27,700 --> 00:20:29,930
Now we know smoking causes heart disease,
465
00:20:29,930 --> 00:20:31,610
or contributes to heart disease,
466
00:20:31,610 --> 00:20:33,140
but at the time, of course,
467
00:20:33,140 --> 00:20:35,397
the tobacco companies were like,
468
00:20:35,397 --> 00:20:37,637
"No, no, no, no, no, no (laughs).
469
00:20:37,637 --> 00:20:40,370
"Tobacco smoking, it doesn't
cause heart disease."
470
00:20:40,370 --> 00:20:41,617
So, all the scientists were like,
471
00:20:41,617 --> 00:20:44,460
"Hey, I wonder why we're
getting so much heart disease?"
472
00:20:44,460 --> 00:20:46,040
- There was one theory that was proposed
473
00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,110
by Ancel Benjamin Keys
who was a pathologist
474
00:20:49,110 --> 00:20:50,240
at the University of Minnesota.
475
00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:51,930
And he said that it was saturated fat
476
00:20:51,930 --> 00:20:53,780
and dietary cholesterol
that caused heart disease.
477
00:20:53,780 --> 00:20:57,150
- It's like, okay, but
how do people eat butter
478
00:20:57,150 --> 00:20:59,880
for the last sort of two millennia,
479
00:20:59,880 --> 00:21:03,123
and ever since 1970, it
causes heart disease?
480
00:21:03,123 --> 00:21:05,232
It's like it didn't cause
heart disease before.
481
00:21:05,232 --> 00:21:07,770
- [Dr. Hyman] At the same
time consumption of sugar,
482
00:21:07,770 --> 00:21:09,740
refined oils and refined grains
483
00:21:09,740 --> 00:21:13,008
were on the rise in America
but Ancel Keys focused on fat
484
00:21:13,008 --> 00:21:15,330
as the cause of heart disease.
485
00:21:15,330 --> 00:21:17,408
- And he thought that total cholesterol
486
00:21:17,408 --> 00:21:19,949
in your arteries would build up
487
00:21:19,949 --> 00:21:23,160
and clog your arteries and
give you a heart attack,
488
00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:25,975
like hot oil down a cold stove pipe.
489
00:21:25,975 --> 00:21:28,464
So that was his idea.
490
00:21:28,464 --> 00:21:30,188
It was just a simple idea.
491
00:21:30,188 --> 00:21:34,533
- To blame a sort of ancient
food for a modern disease
492
00:21:34,533 --> 00:21:38,810
was completely illogical,
it didn't make any sense,
493
00:21:38,810 --> 00:21:40,580
but you repeat things enough,
494
00:21:40,580 --> 00:21:42,797
and you get it out there
enough, people believe you.
495
00:21:42,797 --> 00:21:45,537
- As American author
H.L. Mencken once said,
496
00:21:45,537 --> 00:21:48,300
"For every complex problem,
there is a solution
497
00:21:48,300 --> 00:21:51,130
"that is simple and clear and wrong."
498
00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:54,280
- It's the biggest scam ever perpetrated
499
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:55,200
on the American people.
500
00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:56,850
This whole notion of cholesterol.
501
00:21:59,536 --> 00:22:00,820
- If you have high cholesterol,
502
00:22:00,820 --> 00:22:03,462
you may be at increased risk
of heart attack and stroke.
503
00:22:03,462 --> 00:22:04,667
Don't kid yourself.
504
00:22:04,667 --> 00:22:05,850
- [Announcer] talk to your doctor
505
00:22:05,850 --> 00:22:07,553
about your risk and about Lipitor.
506
00:22:08,410 --> 00:22:10,587
- It's eye-wateringly lucrative
507
00:22:10,587 --> 00:22:14,430
to keep this idea going that
we need to lower cholesterol.
508
00:22:14,430 --> 00:22:15,967
- Cholesterol has definitely become
509
00:22:15,967 --> 00:22:19,570
the boogeyman of cardiology
and here's what's
510
00:22:19,570 --> 00:22:22,380
so interesting about
cholesterol is we need it.
511
00:22:22,380 --> 00:22:25,327
Our bodies cannot exist
without cholesterol.
512
00:22:25,327 --> 00:22:27,790
Yet once again, in simplistic thinking,
513
00:22:27,790 --> 00:22:29,170
we try and lump cholesterol
514
00:22:29,170 --> 00:22:31,477
in good cholesterol and bad cholesterol.
515
00:22:31,477 --> 00:22:33,500
And we wanna lower the bad cholesterol,
516
00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:36,760
the LDL and raise the
good cholesterol and HDL.
517
00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:38,690
That is incredibly simplistic.
518
00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:42,147
- It turns out that raising
your LDL cholesterol
519
00:22:42,147 --> 00:22:46,963
in diet does not translate
into heart attacks and death.
520
00:22:47,970 --> 00:22:49,070
It just doesn't.
521
00:22:49,070 --> 00:22:51,348
- When you take cholesterol
out of the equation,
522
00:22:51,348 --> 00:22:53,020
you go, let's just see if people
523
00:22:53,020 --> 00:22:55,870
who eat more saturated
fat actually die more?
524
00:22:55,870 --> 00:22:57,600
Do they actually get more heart disease?
525
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:58,890
That's what we care about.
526
00:22:58,890 --> 00:23:00,260
Forget that it raises cholesterol.
527
00:23:00,260 --> 00:23:01,246
We know it raises cholesterol,
528
00:23:01,246 --> 00:23:03,080
so let's take that out of the equation
529
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:04,980
and see what the end result is
530
00:23:04,980 --> 00:23:08,465
which is what we care about
and every time they do that,
531
00:23:08,465 --> 00:23:10,670
the relationship dissolves.
532
00:23:10,670 --> 00:23:12,422
There is no relationship
between the amount
533
00:23:12,422 --> 00:23:15,893
of fat you eat in your diet
and getting heart disease.
534
00:23:17,300 --> 00:23:20,240
- [Dr. Hyman] We now know the
chronic inflammation caused
535
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:22,890
by a diet high in sugar, refined grains,
536
00:23:22,890 --> 00:23:24,480
and refined vegetable oils
537
00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:26,410
is far more dangerous to our health.
538
00:23:26,410 --> 00:23:28,750
- Atherosclerosis is an
inflammatory disease.
539
00:23:28,750 --> 00:23:31,410
It's not a buildup of fat in the artery,
540
00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:34,170
it's actually an inflammation
that's causing the problem.
541
00:23:34,170 --> 00:23:36,020
- And the cholesterol then
will go to that damage
542
00:23:36,020 --> 00:23:38,870
to try to repair it but it
didn't cause the damage.
543
00:23:38,870 --> 00:23:41,100
The damage has to come first.
544
00:23:41,100 --> 00:23:43,510
It's like saying that firefighters caused
545
00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:46,570
the fire when they just
turned up to put the fire out.
546
00:23:46,570 --> 00:23:48,060
It was there by association,
547
00:23:48,060 --> 00:23:51,120
but it was there to
repair, not to cause harm.
548
00:23:51,120 --> 00:23:54,742
- Inflammation is probably
the number one promoter
549
00:23:54,742 --> 00:23:57,150
of every disease we don't wanna have.
550
00:23:57,150 --> 00:24:00,470
And the number one inflammatory substance
551
00:24:00,470 --> 00:24:02,278
in the American diet is sugar.
552
00:24:02,278 --> 00:24:03,930
That's it.
553
00:24:03,930 --> 00:24:06,210
I mean, put those two things together.
554
00:24:06,210 --> 00:24:10,000
Inflammation makes everything
worse and sugar is the number
555
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,454
one inflammatory
substance that we consume.
556
00:24:12,454 --> 00:24:14,730
End of argument.
557
00:24:14,730 --> 00:24:17,397
(upbeat music)
558
00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:21,140
- [Woman] In 1951, Ancel and Margaret took
559
00:24:21,140 --> 00:24:25,000
the two oldest children to
Oxford for a year's sabbatical.
560
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:27,000
The couple continued their travels,
561
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,020
measuring cholesterol's
and conducting diet surveys
562
00:24:30,020 --> 00:24:32,950
in several European and African countries.
563
00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:35,119
- There was a study that he presented
564
00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:38,177
at the Mt. Sinai Hospital in 1953
565
00:24:38,177 --> 00:24:40,803
and it was the Six Countries Graph.
566
00:24:40,803 --> 00:24:42,670
- [Dr. Mente] He specifically looked
567
00:24:42,670 --> 00:24:44,910
at six countries around the world.
568
00:24:44,910 --> 00:24:47,530
And on the x-axis he plotted fat intake,
569
00:24:47,530 --> 00:24:50,260
and on the y-axis coronary
heart disease rates,
570
00:24:50,260 --> 00:24:52,660
and he found a straight line relationship.
571
00:24:52,660 --> 00:24:54,710
- And he offered that as proof that there
572
00:24:54,710 --> 00:24:56,980
was a linear relationship between
573
00:24:56,980 --> 00:24:58,831
how much saturated fat people consumed
574
00:24:58,831 --> 00:25:01,010
and how much heart disease they had.
575
00:25:01,010 --> 00:25:02,530
- But he chose six countries
576
00:25:02,530 --> 00:25:05,510
for that perfect
correlation and at the time
577
00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:08,880
there was data available for 22 countries.
578
00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:09,713
- [Zoe Harcombe] And when you put in all
579
00:25:09,713 --> 00:25:11,970
of those countries It just
looked like a scatter plot.
580
00:25:11,970 --> 00:25:14,480
- The trendline is
nowhere near as clear-cut.
581
00:25:14,480 --> 00:25:16,050
- There was no clear relationship.
582
00:25:16,050 --> 00:25:18,302
- No correlation between
fat and heart disease.
583
00:25:18,302 --> 00:25:21,590
He was criticized at the time
by a statisticians who said,
584
00:25:21,590 --> 00:25:23,870
"Well you're obviously
cherry picking your data."
585
00:25:23,870 --> 00:25:25,521
- He knows it's a hypothesis,
586
00:25:25,521 --> 00:25:27,900
he knows he doesn't have the evidence
587
00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:30,200
and he immediately starts
recommending the country
588
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:32,596
go on a low fat diet which is fascinating
589
00:25:32,596 --> 00:25:36,730
because there is no concern
that you're gonna do harm.
590
00:25:36,730 --> 00:25:41,016
There's no, the Hippocratic
Oath, first do no harm.
591
00:25:41,016 --> 00:25:43,690
- [Dr. Hyman] Despite his
critics, Keys was determined
592
00:25:43,690 --> 00:25:45,500
to prove himself right.
593
00:25:45,500 --> 00:25:48,050
He followed up with his
famous seven country study,
594
00:25:48,050 --> 00:25:50,560
where he traveled to the
countries cherry picked
595
00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:52,970
from his graph and studied eating habits
596
00:25:52,970 --> 00:25:55,480
and heart disease among the people there.
597
00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:58,700
- For his Seven Country Study
he repeated the same mistake,
598
00:25:58,700 --> 00:26:00,930
I mean, he cherry-picked his countries.
599
00:26:00,930 --> 00:26:02,740
- I think he did cherry-pick countries
600
00:26:02,740 --> 00:26:03,880
for the Seven Countries Study.
601
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:05,442
He knew from the Six Countries Graph
602
00:26:05,442 --> 00:26:08,560
the countries that would
be on that straight line,
603
00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:09,961
so he knew, for example, that Italy would
604
00:26:09,961 --> 00:26:12,950
be a sure thing and America
would be a sure thing.
605
00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:14,206
They would quite nicely anchor
606
00:26:14,206 --> 00:26:16,400
some of the ends of the graph.
607
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:17,521
- But he did not go to countries
608
00:26:17,521 --> 00:26:21,590
like Switzerland, France,
Germany who ate a lot
609
00:26:21,590 --> 00:26:23,390
of saturated fats and also
610
00:26:23,390 --> 00:26:25,153
had very low rates of heart disease.
611
00:26:25,153 --> 00:26:27,150
(Parisian music)
612
00:26:27,150 --> 00:26:31,163
- The French were eating
all kinds of saturated fat,
613
00:26:31,163 --> 00:26:35,020
butter, cream, and they
weren't gaining weight,
614
00:26:35,020 --> 00:26:36,476
which was a paradox at the time
615
00:26:36,476 --> 00:26:38,073
and they weren't getting heart disease.
616
00:26:38,073 --> 00:26:39,590
They had like half the rate
617
00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:41,646
of heart disease compared to Americans.
618
00:26:41,646 --> 00:26:44,620
And everybody said, "Well, what
a paradox, what a paradox."
619
00:26:44,620 --> 00:26:45,535
There was no paradox.
620
00:26:45,535 --> 00:26:48,947
The dietary fat simply
wasn't causing obesity,
621
00:26:48,947 --> 00:26:50,640
and it didn't cause heart disease.
622
00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:52,484
- So he's a very respected physiologist
623
00:26:52,484 --> 00:26:54,360
and it's worth mentioning, by the way,
624
00:26:54,360 --> 00:26:57,505
that Eisenhower followed
the Ancel Keys advice
625
00:26:57,505 --> 00:27:00,424
and cut out all saturated
fat and all cholesterol
626
00:27:00,424 --> 00:27:04,000
up until the day he died
in 1969 of heart disease.
627
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:05,810
Just worth mentioning.
628
00:27:05,810 --> 00:27:08,030
- Ancel Keys diet heart hypothesis remains
629
00:27:08,030 --> 00:27:09,744
the single most influential theory
630
00:27:09,744 --> 00:27:12,193
in the history of nutrition science.
631
00:27:12,193 --> 00:27:14,740
And here's an interesting point.
632
00:27:14,740 --> 00:27:16,900
Over the past 50 years tax payers
633
00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:19,880
have funded several billion
dollars of research trying
634
00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:24,800
to prove saturated fat causes
heart disease but guess what?
635
00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:26,870
It's never been proven.
636
00:27:26,870 --> 00:27:31,870
To this day the diet heart
hypothesis remains a hypothesis.
637
00:27:31,990 --> 00:27:34,770
- [Zoe Harcombe] There is no
evidence against saturated fat.
638
00:27:34,770 --> 00:27:36,603
There just isn't.
639
00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:41,948
- [Dr. Hyman] Dr. Zoe Harcombe
is an obesity researcher
640
00:27:41,948 --> 00:27:44,360
who wrote her thesis on the lack
641
00:27:44,360 --> 00:27:47,140
of evidence behind the dietary guidelines.
642
00:27:47,140 --> 00:27:49,140
- My thesis was born out of trying
643
00:27:49,140 --> 00:27:51,950
to understand why we
have an obesity epidemic.
644
00:27:51,950 --> 00:27:53,920
- [Dr. Hyman] Zoe
collected all the raw data
645
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:55,936
from randomized control clinical trials,
646
00:27:55,936 --> 00:28:00,280
conducted prior to the release
of the dietary guidelines.
647
00:28:00,280 --> 00:28:02,184
She then reanalyzed all the results
648
00:28:02,184 --> 00:28:05,320
in a process called a meta analysis.
649
00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:09,060
- It was looking at the absolute
totality of the evidence.
650
00:28:09,060 --> 00:28:12,610
No cherry-picking whatsoever,
no study left out.
651
00:28:12,610 --> 00:28:14,172
So there's the Rose Corn Oil Trial.
652
00:28:14,172 --> 00:28:16,499
There's the Research
Committee Low-Fat Diet.
653
00:28:16,499 --> 00:28:18,480
There's the MRC Soybean Study.
654
00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:20,650
There's the LA Veterans Dayton Study.
655
00:28:20,650 --> 00:28:22,816
There's Leren Oslo Study.
656
00:28:22,816 --> 00:28:24,230
- [Dr. Hyman] When she
examines the results
657
00:28:24,230 --> 00:28:26,980
to see which groups suffered more deaths,
658
00:28:26,980 --> 00:28:28,710
there was no difference at all.
659
00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:32,340
There was no health benefit
for the groups assigned
660
00:28:32,340 --> 00:28:34,070
to eat a low fat diet.
661
00:28:34,070 --> 00:28:35,580
- I was astonished to find
662
00:28:35,580 --> 00:28:38,010
that there simply was no evidence.
663
00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:40,560
- Real food fats are not dangerous.
664
00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:42,010
They are not the enemy.
665
00:28:42,010 --> 00:28:44,180
It's too simplistic and reductionist
666
00:28:44,180 --> 00:28:47,260
to say saturated fat is
dangerous and needs to be avoided
667
00:28:47,260 --> 00:28:49,289
and the evidence does not support that.
668
00:28:49,289 --> 00:28:51,590
- So how then without the heart science
669
00:28:51,590 --> 00:28:53,950
to back it up did the
diet heart hypothesis
670
00:28:53,950 --> 00:28:57,497
become the foundation of our
nation's dietary guidelines?
671
00:28:57,497 --> 00:29:00,036
Well, it had one big thing going for it.
672
00:29:00,036 --> 00:29:02,340
Ancel Benjamin Keys.
673
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:05,417
- He had just a very
out sized personality.
674
00:29:05,417 --> 00:29:07,470
Colleagues of his told me he could
675
00:29:07,470 --> 00:29:09,340
just argue anyone to the death.
676
00:29:09,340 --> 00:29:11,480
And he was able to get into
677
00:29:11,480 --> 00:29:14,643
the American Heart Association
on their Nutrition Committee.
678
00:29:14,643 --> 00:29:18,130
And in 1961, the Heart
Association comes out
679
00:29:18,130 --> 00:29:19,680
with the first advice anywhere
680
00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:21,142
in the world telling people to cut back
681
00:29:21,142 --> 00:29:23,210
on saturated fat and cholesterol
682
00:29:23,210 --> 00:29:24,993
in order to prevent a heart attack.
683
00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:28,730
- [Dr. Hyman] Up until the 1960s,
684
00:29:28,730 --> 00:29:30,128
Americans consumed almost half
685
00:29:30,128 --> 00:29:32,750
of their daily calories as fat.
686
00:29:32,750 --> 00:29:35,190
We ate butter without
guilt, bacon and eggs
687
00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:37,430
for breakfast and roast for dinner.
688
00:29:37,430 --> 00:29:40,860
Exercise gyms were barely
a thought and still,
689
00:29:40,860 --> 00:29:42,660
we were relatively slim.
690
00:29:42,660 --> 00:29:44,830
- Conventional wisdom until the 1960s
691
00:29:44,830 --> 00:29:46,600
was carbohydrates were fattening.
692
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:48,300
That's the weird thing about it.
693
00:29:48,300 --> 00:29:50,921
You talk about bread,
pasta, potatoes, rice,
694
00:29:50,921 --> 00:29:53,690
sweets going directly to your hips.
695
00:29:53,690 --> 00:29:58,167
It was what my mother's
generation believed growing up.
696
00:29:58,167 --> 00:29:59,553
- [Reporter] The diet used in this study
697
00:29:59,553 --> 00:30:01,656
is satisfying to the appetite
698
00:30:01,656 --> 00:30:04,500
because of the use of
more protein and fat.
699
00:30:04,500 --> 00:30:06,900
- And then in the 1960s, we
come along with this idea
700
00:30:06,900 --> 00:30:09,163
that dietary fat causes heart disease.
701
00:30:09,163 --> 00:30:14,060
In 20 years, from the
1960s to the mid 1980s,
702
00:30:14,060 --> 00:30:16,575
the carbohydrate went from fattening
703
00:30:16,575 --> 00:30:19,350
to a heart healthy diet food.
704
00:30:19,350 --> 00:30:21,422
- [Dr. Hyman] The low fat
diet fad had taken hold
705
00:30:21,422 --> 00:30:24,250
and Keys rose to prominence within
706
00:30:24,250 --> 00:30:25,657
the American Heart Association
707
00:30:25,657 --> 00:30:28,410
and at the National Institutes of Health.
708
00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:30,150
- If you only lived in America,
709
00:30:30,150 --> 00:30:33,290
you'd think this controversy
was pretty settled.
710
00:30:33,290 --> 00:30:36,240
That obviously saturated
fat causes heart disease,
711
00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:37,330
'cause it raises cholesterol
712
00:30:37,330 --> 00:30:39,250
and we all know cholesterol
clogs the arteries.
713
00:30:39,250 --> 00:30:42,890
But there was a alternative hypothesis
714
00:30:42,890 --> 00:30:46,910
going on across the pond in England.
715
00:30:46,910 --> 00:30:48,630
- There was always this competing theory
716
00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:50,920
that it was sugar and not fat
717
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:52,320
that might cause heart disease,
718
00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:55,269
and the leading proponent
of that was John Yudkin
719
00:30:55,269 --> 00:30:57,129
and he published about that.
720
00:30:57,129 --> 00:31:01,440
And I think this is an
extraordinary example
721
00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:05,790
of how nutrition science
did or did not really work
722
00:31:05,790 --> 00:31:07,887
in America because rather than say,
723
00:31:07,887 --> 00:31:09,417
"Oh this is an interesting
competing theory,
724
00:31:09,417 --> 00:31:10,717
"let's explore that.
725
00:31:10,717 --> 00:31:12,457
"Maybe they're right, maybe we're wrong."
726
00:31:12,457 --> 00:31:16,470
Their reaction instead
was to just bully him,
727
00:31:16,470 --> 00:31:18,510
really bully him out of the field.
728
00:31:18,510 --> 00:31:21,740
- And Ancel Keys literally
destroyed his reputation.
729
00:31:21,740 --> 00:31:22,800
He went after him.
730
00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:26,248
He did everything but
call his mother names.
731
00:31:26,248 --> 00:31:27,770
- And I think Ancel Keys knew
732
00:31:27,770 --> 00:31:30,160
that this hypothesis
competed with his own,
733
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:33,068
and he did not want that to succeed.
734
00:31:33,068 --> 00:31:35,609
He wanted his hypothesis to be successful.
735
00:31:35,609 --> 00:31:39,580
- Not surprisingly the sugar
industry also preferred
736
00:31:39,580 --> 00:31:42,055
to point the finger at saturated fat.
737
00:31:42,055 --> 00:31:43,979
Recently discovered documents reveal
738
00:31:43,979 --> 00:31:46,780
that in 1965 the sugar industry paid
739
00:31:46,780 --> 00:31:50,430
prominent Harvard
researchers to do just that.
740
00:31:50,430 --> 00:31:52,090
- And they were very specifically
741
00:31:52,090 --> 00:31:55,810
paid $50,000 in today's dollars,
742
00:31:55,810 --> 00:31:59,339
to produce two articles
that exonerated sugar
743
00:31:59,339 --> 00:32:01,355
and fingered saturated fat
744
00:32:01,355 --> 00:32:05,161
as the cause of cardiovascular disease.
745
00:32:05,161 --> 00:32:08,340
We know that because we
have the paper trail.
746
00:32:08,340 --> 00:32:11,745
We have their names on the documents.
747
00:32:11,745 --> 00:32:14,710
This is unconscionable.
748
00:32:14,710 --> 00:32:16,740
- The sugar industry's job was to get
749
00:32:16,740 --> 00:32:20,520
the nutrition community to say publicly
750
00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:22,000
what they believed to be true,
751
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:24,730
which was dietary fat was
the problem, not sugar
752
00:32:24,730 --> 00:32:26,597
and they paid researchers to do that
753
00:32:26,597 --> 00:32:28,200
and they were very successful
754
00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:30,110
with getting that message across.
755
00:32:30,110 --> 00:32:32,730
- [Dr. Hyman] In the 1977
a senate select committee
756
00:32:32,730 --> 00:32:37,700
headed up by Senator George
McGovern helped seal fats fate.
757
00:32:37,700 --> 00:32:40,840
Over the objection of scientists
who pleaded against it,
758
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:43,180
and with no hard evidence to back it up,
759
00:32:43,180 --> 00:32:47,060
the committee recommended the
low fat diet to the nation.
760
00:32:47,060 --> 00:32:48,560
- I have pleaded in my report
761
00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:50,082
and I will plead again orally here
762
00:32:50,082 --> 00:32:52,210
for more research on the problem
763
00:32:52,210 --> 00:32:54,610
before we make announcements
to the American public.
764
00:32:54,610 --> 00:32:57,930
- Well, I would only argue
that Senators don't have
765
00:32:57,930 --> 00:33:00,440
the luxury that a research scientist does
766
00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:04,970
of waiting until every last
shred of evidence is in.
767
00:33:04,970 --> 00:33:07,513
- McGovern just wanted to make
the statement and he said,
768
00:33:07,513 --> 00:33:10,360
"We haven't got time to
wait for the evidence."
769
00:33:10,360 --> 00:33:12,300
- They recognized the
science is unsettled.
770
00:33:12,300 --> 00:33:13,800
And then the counterargument is,
771
00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:16,050
but we cannot afford to wait.
772
00:33:16,050 --> 00:33:18,476
- And so they went without any evidence.
773
00:33:18,476 --> 00:33:20,704
And despite the fact that
many people had warned
774
00:33:20,704 --> 00:33:24,145
that this is gonna cause an
obesity diabetes epidemic.
775
00:33:24,145 --> 00:33:26,970
They were warned but they ignored it.
776
00:33:26,970 --> 00:33:29,720
- [Dr. Hyman] In 1980, the
U.S. government triggered
777
00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:31,945
a radical shift in the diet of Americans
778
00:33:31,945 --> 00:33:36,945
when the campaign against fat
became official food policy.
779
00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:38,720
- [Nina Teicholz] The
first dietary guidelines
780
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:40,321
recommended seven to 11 servings
781
00:33:40,321 --> 00:33:43,686
of bread basically every day.
782
00:33:43,686 --> 00:33:46,050
50 to 55% of your calories
783
00:33:46,050 --> 00:33:49,227
are supposed to come from
carbohydrates, mostly grains.
784
00:33:49,227 --> 00:33:51,700
- For the first time
anywhere in the world,
785
00:33:51,700 --> 00:33:54,428
our government endorsed a massive increase
786
00:33:54,428 --> 00:33:57,524
in carbohydrates and slashed
saturated fat consumption
787
00:33:57,524 --> 00:34:01,200
to less than 10% of daily calories.
788
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:05,051
- The American Guideline
started with a very high carb,
789
00:34:05,051 --> 00:34:08,401
low fat approach which was disastrous
790
00:34:08,401 --> 00:34:12,089
for putting that out
into an entire population
791
00:34:12,089 --> 00:34:15,760
without evidence saying
that it was healthy.
792
00:34:15,760 --> 00:34:18,450
- Obesity in America
had been slowly creeping
793
00:34:18,450 --> 00:34:23,272
up from the mid 1900s on
794
00:34:23,272 --> 00:34:28,272
but 1980 you see it go
sharply, turn sharply upwards.
795
00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:30,600
- And then it just takes
off like an airplane.
796
00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:33,940
So, you just want to ask well,
what happened around then?
797
00:34:33,940 --> 00:34:37,816
- What happened in 1980 is
that the U.S. government told
798
00:34:37,816 --> 00:34:40,374
all Americans cut back on fat
799
00:34:40,374 --> 00:34:43,100
and increase your carbohydrates.
800
00:34:43,100 --> 00:34:45,337
- It could be complete coincidence,
801
00:34:45,337 --> 00:34:47,771
that that just happened to coincide
802
00:34:47,771 --> 00:34:50,330
but it sure as anything needs looking
803
00:34:50,330 --> 00:34:53,262
at to see if it is just coincidence.
804
00:34:53,262 --> 00:34:58,262
- When we took the fat out
of the food, what did we do?
805
00:34:59,130 --> 00:35:03,126
We put something in which was way worse.
806
00:35:03,126 --> 00:35:04,058
Sugar.
807
00:35:04,058 --> 00:35:05,630
- [Man] One, two and twist.
808
00:35:05,630 --> 00:35:06,770
- [TV Announcer] Reduced-fat, Oreo.
809
00:35:06,770 --> 00:35:08,480
Less Fat, loads of taste.
810
00:35:08,480 --> 00:35:09,910
- [TV Announcer] New,
reduced fat browning muffin
811
00:35:09,910 --> 00:35:11,250
and cake mixes from Pillsbury.
812
00:35:11,250 --> 00:35:12,700
Try the new frosting, too.
813
00:35:12,700 --> 00:35:15,510
- [TV Announcer] Hershey's
Syrup is virtually fat free.
814
00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:16,343
- Terrific.
815
00:35:16,343 --> 00:35:19,230
- I mean let's face it, fat tastes good.
816
00:35:19,230 --> 00:35:21,151
We know that, and if you're gonna remove
817
00:35:21,151 --> 00:35:23,929
the fat from a food, you're gonna have
818
00:35:23,929 --> 00:35:26,270
to replace it with something else
819
00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:27,784
that gives people pleasure.
820
00:35:27,784 --> 00:35:29,160
- [TV Announcer] As new Simple Pleasures
821
00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:32,730
is made with all natural
Simpless, instead of fat.
822
00:35:32,730 --> 00:35:34,280
- And what did they put in?
823
00:35:34,280 --> 00:35:37,014
Refined carbohydrates, increased sugar,
824
00:35:37,014 --> 00:35:41,830
and boom we've got an
explosion of processed foods.
825
00:35:41,830 --> 00:35:43,060
- [TV Announcer] So irresistible,
826
00:35:43,060 --> 00:35:46,120
people are sinking to a new
low to get their hands on one.
827
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:46,953
- Okay.
828
00:35:46,953 --> 00:35:48,620
- [TV Announcer] Continental
Yogurt is non-fat,
829
00:35:48,620 --> 00:35:50,560
not low-fat, non-Fat.
830
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:51,393
- Zero fat?
831
00:35:51,393 --> 00:35:52,226
How'd they do that?
832
00:35:52,226 --> 00:35:54,400
- Ultimately, sugar was a bigger problem
833
00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:57,400
than saturated fat ever was.
834
00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:00,270
- The industry learned that
if they took fat out the diet,
835
00:36:00,270 --> 00:36:01,740
they had to replace it with sugar.
836
00:36:01,740 --> 00:36:03,883
They then learned that
sugar was addictive.
837
00:36:03,883 --> 00:36:04,716
- Wow!
838
00:36:04,716 --> 00:36:05,549
- These are really good.
839
00:36:05,549 --> 00:36:06,382
- These are great.
840
00:36:06,382 --> 00:36:07,280
- Bring 'em on.
841
00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:08,113
- [Man and Woman] Oh yes!
842
00:36:08,113 --> 00:36:10,010
- And that's the drive
of the obesity epidemic.
843
00:36:10,010 --> 00:36:12,054
- [Nina Teicholz] Low fat
yogurt higher in sugar.
844
00:36:12,054 --> 00:36:12,887
- Whoa!
845
00:36:12,887 --> 00:36:14,010
- [Nina Teicholz] Low fat peanut butter.
846
00:36:14,010 --> 00:36:14,843
- This is special.
847
00:36:14,843 --> 00:36:16,272
- [Nina Teicholz] Low fat salad dressing.
848
00:36:16,272 --> 00:36:17,105
- This is great.
849
00:36:17,105 --> 00:36:18,630
- [Nina Teicholz] All
higher in sugar or carbs.
850
00:36:18,630 --> 00:36:19,970
- Are you sure this fat free?
851
00:36:19,970 --> 00:36:22,840
- All low fat foods turned
out to be higher in carbs.
852
00:36:22,840 --> 00:36:25,370
- I don't think this
was anyone's intention.
853
00:36:25,370 --> 00:36:28,570
But it's what naturally
happens when you remove fat,
854
00:36:28,570 --> 00:36:31,010
which is natural for humans to be eating,
855
00:36:31,010 --> 00:36:34,790
from their dietary
choices and you put them
856
00:36:34,790 --> 00:36:37,040
on things instead of
tasting like cardboard,
857
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:39,377
they can at least taste
like sweet cardboard.
858
00:36:39,377 --> 00:36:42,368
- [Man] SnackWells,
Chocolate Sandwich Cookies.
859
00:36:42,368 --> 00:36:44,210
- These taste unbelievable.
860
00:36:44,210 --> 00:36:45,480
What if I can't bake enough of them?
861
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:47,230
Those women will be after me again.
862
00:36:48,335 --> 00:36:51,240
- Hello, Cookie-Man, what's in the box?
863
00:36:51,240 --> 00:36:52,073
- We have the SnackWell phenomenon,
864
00:36:52,073 --> 00:36:54,200
it was like the epitome of what happened
865
00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:56,620
with the low fat food industry,
866
00:36:56,620 --> 00:36:57,610
where people thought they could
867
00:36:57,610 --> 00:37:00,342
just eat massive amounts
of these cookies--
868
00:37:00,342 --> 00:37:02,890
- Don't you think you got
a little carried away?
869
00:37:02,890 --> 00:37:03,723
- [Nina Teicholz] That were very high
870
00:37:03,723 --> 00:37:05,880
in sugar and white flour.
871
00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:08,677
- Cookie-Man, you'd better
make some more (laughs).
872
00:37:10,261 --> 00:37:12,350
- [Dr. Hyman] The
American Heart Association
873
00:37:12,350 --> 00:37:14,216
cashed in on the low fat craze.
874
00:37:14,216 --> 00:37:17,214
Food companies paid hundreds
of thousands of dollars
875
00:37:17,214 --> 00:37:21,150
to feature this heart healthy
check off symbol on a product.
876
00:37:21,150 --> 00:37:22,820
- So this resulted in crazy things
877
00:37:22,820 --> 00:37:24,651
like heart checkoff on Cocoa Krispies,
878
00:37:24,651 --> 00:37:27,951
or on Honey Nut Cheerios
or on all these foods
879
00:37:27,951 --> 00:37:29,819
that were super high in sugar,
880
00:37:29,819 --> 00:37:31,720
but as long as they were low
881
00:37:31,720 --> 00:37:33,304
in fat then it was considered healthy.
882
00:37:33,304 --> 00:37:34,990
- [TV Announcer] Kellogg's
Fruit Loops Cereal,
883
00:37:34,990 --> 00:37:36,640
part of this nutritious breakfast.
884
00:37:36,640 --> 00:37:37,840
(seal barking)
885
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:38,720
(TV Announcer laughs)
886
00:37:38,720 --> 00:37:40,624
Now that's the seal of approval.
887
00:37:40,624 --> 00:37:43,374
- [Dr. Hyman] Heart healthy
low fat Fruit Loops anyone?
888
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:47,190
- [Nina Teicholz] There's a
kind of conventional explanation
889
00:37:47,190 --> 00:37:49,530
that it's really the fault of Americans
890
00:37:49,530 --> 00:37:50,660
for not following the guidelines,
891
00:37:50,660 --> 00:37:52,270
there's nothing wrong with our guidelines,
892
00:37:52,270 --> 00:37:54,370
it's just that Americans
fail to follow them.
893
00:37:54,370 --> 00:37:55,770
- [Dr. Hyman] But
government consumption data
894
00:37:55,770 --> 00:37:58,330
confirms Americans did as they were told
895
00:37:58,330 --> 00:38:00,630
and dutifully cut back
on natural fats found
896
00:38:00,630 --> 00:38:04,270
in red meat, whole milk,
eggs, animal fats and butter.
897
00:38:04,270 --> 00:38:06,517
But we still gained weight.
898
00:38:06,517 --> 00:38:08,280
- One of the analogies that I like to use
899
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:10,960
is imagine you had a baseball team
900
00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:15,627
that lost every single game
for the last 50, 60 years.
901
00:38:15,627 --> 00:38:17,735
- [Sports Announcer]
Strike three, strike three!
902
00:38:17,735 --> 00:38:18,597
- And you're like, "Well those players,
903
00:38:18,597 --> 00:38:19,867
"they just don't know how to play.
904
00:38:19,867 --> 00:38:21,140
"None of my players know how to play."
905
00:38:21,140 --> 00:38:22,353
Well at some point you'd have to say,
906
00:38:22,353 --> 00:38:25,363
maybe we should take a look
at our coaching strategy.
907
00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:30,630
It can't be the fault of all
of those players for decades.
908
00:38:30,630 --> 00:38:33,307
But that's basically our
explanation for why Americans
909
00:38:33,307 --> 00:38:36,320
are getting fatter and
sicker, it's their fault.
910
00:38:36,320 --> 00:38:37,830
They just can't do it right.
911
00:38:37,830 --> 00:38:39,350
- I think the dietary guidelines have been
912
00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:41,611
a tremendous failed experiment.
913
00:38:41,611 --> 00:38:43,823
It's a good question of
whether they just need
914
00:38:43,823 --> 00:38:45,820
to be changed or whether they
915
00:38:45,820 --> 00:38:48,680
just need to be scrapped and start over.
916
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:50,640
- I genuinely believe that people now
917
00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:52,291
are hanging onto the saturated fat myth
918
00:38:52,291 --> 00:38:55,240
because they don't want to
admit that they were wrong.
919
00:38:55,240 --> 00:38:56,121
- I don't think the governments
920
00:38:56,121 --> 00:38:58,675
will ever admit they were
wrong about saturated fat.
921
00:38:58,675 --> 00:39:00,729
- And we are paying a hell of a price
922
00:39:00,729 --> 00:39:03,379
for a few public health people wanting
923
00:39:03,379 --> 00:39:07,710
to protect their own reputation,
not wanting to look silly.
924
00:39:07,710 --> 00:39:09,560
- I used to fantasize about
925
00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:12,947
the American Heart Association
press release that would say,
926
00:39:12,947 --> 00:39:17,947
"Okay yes we know for
the past almost 60 years
927
00:39:18,477 --> 00:39:20,197
"we've been giving you the wrong advice
928
00:39:20,197 --> 00:39:22,291
"and we apologize if we killed
929
00:39:22,291 --> 00:39:27,076
"any of your loved ones
prematurely and we apologize
930
00:39:27,076 --> 00:39:28,447
"if we gave you heart disease
931
00:39:28,447 --> 00:39:30,086
"with the advice we did give you.
932
00:39:30,086 --> 00:39:33,307
"We were just telling you
what we thought was true then
933
00:39:33,307 --> 00:39:37,080
"and we were best of intentioned
and now we know better."
934
00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:39,206
- That apology may never come
935
00:39:39,206 --> 00:39:41,422
and the largest health
organizations dedicated
936
00:39:41,422 --> 00:39:44,846
to preventing obesity and
Type 2 Diabetes continue
937
00:39:44,846 --> 00:39:47,831
to spread advice that makes it worse.
938
00:39:47,831 --> 00:39:50,498
(gentle music)
939
00:39:55,340 --> 00:39:58,260
- Type 2 diabetes we were
always taught is a chronic
940
00:39:58,260 --> 00:40:02,240
and irreversible disease,
inevitably progressive.
941
00:40:02,240 --> 00:40:03,873
I flatly rejected that.
942
00:40:03,873 --> 00:40:05,240
I flatly reject it.
943
00:40:05,240 --> 00:40:07,320
So it is chronic, irreversible,
944
00:40:07,320 --> 00:40:10,252
and inevitably progressive if you take
945
00:40:10,252 --> 00:40:13,870
the guidelines currently in place
946
00:40:13,870 --> 00:40:16,694
and utilize them as your treatment plan.
947
00:40:16,694 --> 00:40:18,530
(keyboard keys clacking)
(gentle music)
948
00:40:18,530 --> 00:40:21,090
- [Dr. Hyman] For years the
American Diabetes Association
949
00:40:21,090 --> 00:40:22,821
has promoted low fat diets.
950
00:40:22,821 --> 00:40:25,525
They use this handy
graphic illustration called
951
00:40:25,525 --> 00:40:28,770
the Diabetic Plate which
features limited amounts
952
00:40:28,770 --> 00:40:31,387
of lean meat, non fat dairy products,
953
00:40:31,387 --> 00:40:35,960
and 50% or more of daily
calories as carbohydrates.
954
00:40:35,960 --> 00:40:38,960
- I think the Diabetic
Plate is a prescription
955
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:40,640
for worsening of the disease.
956
00:40:40,640 --> 00:40:42,530
If you really look at the Diabetic Plate,
957
00:40:42,530 --> 00:40:47,530
it is three-fourths carbohydrates,
which makes no sense.
958
00:40:47,980 --> 00:40:50,810
It also is lean protein,
959
00:40:50,810 --> 00:40:53,030
so when we look at the
diabetic plate as a whole,
960
00:40:53,030 --> 00:40:55,023
there's almost no fats.
961
00:40:57,065 --> 00:41:01,889
- This is a way to make
people sicker and fatter.
962
00:41:01,889 --> 00:41:04,040
This is the advice I was giving,
963
00:41:04,040 --> 00:41:05,580
this is the advice that doesn't work.
964
00:41:05,580 --> 00:41:08,225
this is the advice that
prescribes more medications,
965
00:41:08,225 --> 00:41:11,010
this is the advice that increases insulin.
966
00:41:11,010 --> 00:41:12,570
But really it's a metabolic shift
967
00:41:12,570 --> 00:41:15,350
when you burn fat
instead of burning sugar.
968
00:41:15,350 --> 00:41:17,860
- [Dr. Hyman] Alyssa
Gallager is Judi's dietician.
969
00:41:17,860 --> 00:41:21,550
She was initially trained
in a low fat paradigm.
970
00:41:21,550 --> 00:41:25,580
- When I first started exploring
the low-carb approach--
971
00:41:25,580 --> 00:41:27,150
- [Judi] That's really low carb.
972
00:41:27,150 --> 00:41:28,700
I can use that.
973
00:41:28,700 --> 00:41:31,360
- I helped people genuinely,
974
00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:33,220
for the first time in my career.
975
00:41:33,220 --> 00:41:34,810
- I'm going for real food now,
976
00:41:34,810 --> 00:41:36,710
so I can get rid of all of this.
977
00:41:36,710 --> 00:41:39,950
- In the old days, I was
frustrated that the advice
978
00:41:39,950 --> 00:41:42,900
I was giving wasn't working for people.
979
00:41:42,900 --> 00:41:47,900
- Oh, chips and crackers,
where's that garbage can?
980
00:41:48,570 --> 00:41:51,640
- I was taught, essentially what
981
00:41:51,640 --> 00:41:56,640
the American Diabetes Association
teaches is carbohydrates,
982
00:41:57,070 --> 00:42:00,221
consistent carbohydrates,
more whole grain.
983
00:42:00,221 --> 00:42:01,730
- No oatmeal.
984
00:42:01,730 --> 00:42:05,330
They used to tell us
that was good for you.
985
00:42:05,330 --> 00:42:07,530
- I was taught saturated
fat is bad for you.
986
00:42:08,500 --> 00:42:10,010
Saturated fat is something
987
00:42:10,010 --> 00:42:14,500
to be avoided and limited at all costs.
988
00:42:14,500 --> 00:42:16,410
- [Dr. Hyman] The problem is when
989
00:42:16,410 --> 00:42:18,266
you remove fat from a diet you have
990
00:42:18,266 --> 00:42:21,250
to eat something else instead.
991
00:42:21,250 --> 00:42:26,183
And that something else
is often carbohydrates.
992
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:29,720
- At first I didn't
understand why the advice
993
00:42:29,720 --> 00:42:30,790
I was giving wasn't working.
994
00:42:30,790 --> 00:42:33,440
It's what I learned in school.
995
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:35,450
I'm the nutrition expert, right?
996
00:42:35,450 --> 00:42:36,800
It should be working.
997
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:39,614
And then eventually it started
not making sense to me.
998
00:42:39,614 --> 00:42:41,911
Why am I telling somebody with diabetes
999
00:42:41,911 --> 00:42:44,793
that they must eat carbohydrates?
1000
00:42:45,808 --> 00:42:47,060
It didn't make any sense.
1001
00:42:47,060 --> 00:42:48,616
Carbohydrates raise blood sugar,
1002
00:42:48,616 --> 00:42:50,270
when you have higher blood sugars,
1003
00:42:50,270 --> 00:42:52,080
we need to give you more medication.
1004
00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:55,038
When we give you more
medication, you gain weight.
1005
00:42:55,038 --> 00:42:57,330
When you gain weight,
you need more medication,
1006
00:42:57,330 --> 00:42:58,340
you want to eat more carbs.
1007
00:42:58,340 --> 00:43:00,200
It became a vicious cycle.
1008
00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:02,512
- Okay, I think I'm done
cleanin' out my pantry.
1009
00:43:02,512 --> 00:43:05,520
- And insulin resistance is essentially
1010
00:43:05,520 --> 00:43:08,300
a state of carbohydrate intolerance.
1011
00:43:08,300 --> 00:43:10,869
So why oh why do we want to continue
1012
00:43:10,869 --> 00:43:13,965
to recommend to people to eat them?
1013
00:43:13,965 --> 00:43:17,230
- [Dr. Hyman] Sarah Hallberg
is a physician leading arguably
1014
00:43:17,230 --> 00:43:18,586
the most promising trial
1015
00:43:18,586 --> 00:43:21,530
ever conducted for Type 2 diabetics.
1016
00:43:21,530 --> 00:43:23,610
She's helped hundreds of patients safely
1017
00:43:23,610 --> 00:43:26,910
and sustainably reverse
their diabetes diagnosis,
1018
00:43:26,910 --> 00:43:28,782
often getting off all medications
1019
00:43:28,782 --> 00:43:33,049
by cutting carbs and increasing
their fat intake a lot
1020
00:43:33,049 --> 00:43:38,049
to as much as 70 to 80% of daily calories.
1021
00:43:38,050 --> 00:43:40,210
- The solution to the diabetes epidemic
1022
00:43:40,210 --> 00:43:43,520
in my clinic is exceedingly clear.
1023
00:43:43,520 --> 00:43:48,300
Stop using medicine to treat food.
1024
00:43:48,300 --> 00:43:50,885
- [Dr. Hyman] Her TED Talk on
this unconventional approach
1025
00:43:50,885 --> 00:43:53,790
has nearly 5,000,000 views.
1026
00:43:53,790 --> 00:43:54,697
The title?
1027
00:43:54,697 --> 00:43:56,627
"Reversing Type 2 Diabetes Starts
1028
00:43:56,627 --> 00:43:59,382
"with Ignoring the Guidelines."
1029
00:43:59,382 --> 00:44:04,382
- Fat is central to any
science-based nutrition
1030
00:44:04,630 --> 00:44:06,710
recommendation for anyone
1031
00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:09,000
who struggles with Type 2 diabetes.
1032
00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:13,400
Carbohydrates cause our
insulin and glucose to go up.
1033
00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:17,430
Proteins much less and with fat,
1034
00:44:17,430 --> 00:44:21,030
there's no glucose or insulin reaction.
1035
00:44:21,030 --> 00:44:23,685
And given the fact that Type 2 diabetes
1036
00:44:23,685 --> 00:44:28,685
is a problem with elevated
glucose, wait a minute,
1037
00:44:28,740 --> 00:44:32,230
we can't be recommending
the macro nutrient
1038
00:44:32,230 --> 00:44:35,410
that's gonna cause glucose
and insulin to go up.
1039
00:44:35,410 --> 00:44:40,300
But that's exactly what MyPlate
and the ADA guidelines do.
1040
00:44:40,300 --> 00:44:41,939
They recommend us to eat
1041
00:44:41,939 --> 00:44:45,940
the macro nutrient that's
causing the problem.
1042
00:44:45,940 --> 00:44:49,280
- [Dr. Hyman] In here clinical
trial of nearly 500 patients,
1043
00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:51,769
60% of the intervention group reversed
1044
00:44:51,769 --> 00:44:54,290
their diagnosis of diabetes.
1045
00:44:54,290 --> 00:44:55,912
That's more than half the patients
1046
00:44:55,912 --> 00:44:58,830
whose blood sugars normalized.
1047
00:44:58,830 --> 00:45:01,820
94% have their insulin doses decreased
1048
00:45:01,820 --> 00:45:04,580
or totally eliminated with no increase
1049
00:45:04,580 --> 00:45:07,360
in their LDL or lousy cholesterol.
1050
00:45:07,360 --> 00:45:10,470
By comparison, the American
Diabetes Association
1051
00:45:10,470 --> 00:45:13,160
reports a less than 1% success rate
1052
00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:15,440
at reversing diabetes when following
1053
00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,380
their own low fat advice.
1054
00:45:18,380 --> 00:45:22,310
- So if we want people to really get help,
1055
00:45:22,310 --> 00:45:27,310
we have to start giving them
advice that actually works.
1056
00:45:27,311 --> 00:45:31,646
- It's hard when you have, let
alone been hearing something
1057
00:45:31,646 --> 00:45:35,010
for decades but been saying
something for decades.
1058
00:45:35,010 --> 00:45:37,049
It's difficult to turn that ship around.
1059
00:45:37,049 --> 00:45:41,010
Because to turn that ship around
you have to be vulnerable.
1060
00:45:41,010 --> 00:45:43,563
You have to say, I was wrong.
1061
00:45:44,470 --> 00:45:47,200
And this involves a lot of organizations,
1062
00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:52,200
a lot of people saying I was
wrong and I think that's hard.
1063
00:45:52,270 --> 00:45:53,570
I think that's a big deal.
1064
00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:56,010
- [Dr. Hyman] After years of following
1065
00:45:56,010 --> 00:45:57,754
the guidelines and getting nowhere,
1066
00:45:57,754 --> 00:46:01,470
Judi has decided to
ignore the ADA's advice
1067
00:46:01,470 --> 00:46:03,423
and try to reverse her Type 2 diabetes
1068
00:46:03,423 --> 00:46:07,330
with a low carb, high fat nutrition plan.
1069
00:46:07,330 --> 00:46:09,040
- The health professionals
that were givin'
1070
00:46:09,040 --> 00:46:10,671
us all that advice through the years
1071
00:46:10,671 --> 00:46:13,580
just kinda bounced us back and forth
1072
00:46:13,580 --> 00:46:15,790
and we never really had any answers.
1073
00:46:15,790 --> 00:46:17,614
- I really like just
unsweetened coconut chips--
1074
00:46:17,614 --> 00:46:22,614
- I feel like what I'm learning
now is a way toward health
1075
00:46:23,123 --> 00:46:27,337
and a way toward a better
size that I'll feel good about
1076
00:46:27,337 --> 00:46:30,773
which to me is hand in
hand with my health.
1077
00:46:33,077 --> 00:46:35,794
- The U.S. military is
now facing a new threat.
1078
00:46:35,794 --> 00:46:39,020
It's not North Korea, it
is actually the U.S. diet.
1079
00:46:39,020 --> 00:46:42,113
- The single biggest
disqualifier is obesity.
1080
00:46:42,950 --> 00:46:43,783
- [Woman] Wait?
1081
00:46:43,783 --> 00:46:45,640
We're talkin' about young people?
1082
00:46:45,640 --> 00:46:46,678
- [Man] Right, youth obesity.
1083
00:46:46,678 --> 00:46:49,680
- [News Anchor] 25% of
all potential recruits
1084
00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:51,943
are turned away because of their weight.
1085
00:46:54,500 --> 00:46:58,351
- At this point in time,
we can't field an army,
1086
00:46:58,351 --> 00:47:02,630
because they are quote,
"Too fat to fight."
1087
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:05,973
That's not my words, that's
the U.S. Army's words.
1088
00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:10,034
- A few months ago, the Army
missed its recruitment goals
1089
00:47:10,034 --> 00:47:12,633
for the first time in 13 years.
1090
00:47:14,490 --> 00:47:15,737
We've gotten to a point where
1091
00:47:15,737 --> 00:47:18,215
we're too fat to defend ourselves.
1092
00:47:18,215 --> 00:47:20,632
(drum music)
1093
00:47:25,411 --> 00:47:26,500
- [Dr. Hyman] Captain Brian Gaudette
1094
00:47:26,500 --> 00:47:28,550
is an Apache helicopter pilot,
1095
00:47:28,550 --> 00:47:30,254
an entrepreneur and a living example
1096
00:47:30,254 --> 00:47:33,840
of why the U.S. dietary guidelines matter.
1097
00:47:33,840 --> 00:47:37,000
- [Brian] Flying Apache
helicopters is probably one
1098
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:39,170
of the most fun things on the planet,
1099
00:47:39,170 --> 00:47:42,380
but it's also very high stakes.
1100
00:47:42,380 --> 00:47:46,530
You need all of your
faculties to stay safe.
1101
00:47:46,530 --> 00:47:48,320
- [Dr. Hyman] On high
stakes missions often
1102
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:49,570
on the other side of the world,
1103
00:47:49,570 --> 00:47:51,760
Brian was confined to Army food.
1104
00:47:51,760 --> 00:47:56,230
A diet dictated by the dietary guidelines.
1105
00:47:56,230 --> 00:47:58,883
- I always had sandwiches for lunch,
1106
00:47:58,883 --> 00:48:03,883
lots of noodle-based dishes,
lots of rice-based dishes.
1107
00:48:04,114 --> 00:48:06,640
I was running about three
or four times a week,
1108
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:08,144
between three and five miles,
1109
00:48:08,144 --> 00:48:10,763
but the weight was still coming on.
1110
00:48:12,074 --> 00:48:16,576
One day I was in the cockpit,
and I put my head down,
1111
00:48:16,576 --> 00:48:19,463
and it felt like the world was moving,
1112
00:48:19,463 --> 00:48:20,770
like the aircraft was moving.
1113
00:48:20,770 --> 00:48:24,440
I looked up really quick and
then I put my head down again.
1114
00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:25,360
I felt it again.
1115
00:48:25,360 --> 00:48:29,437
And so I kinda had to
raise my hand and say,
1116
00:48:29,437 --> 00:48:31,610
"Hey, we have a problem here."
1117
00:48:31,610 --> 00:48:34,278
- [Dr. Hyman] Brian knew he was
sick but he didn't know why.
1118
00:48:34,278 --> 00:48:36,810
He was grounded from flying.
1119
00:48:36,810 --> 00:48:40,840
- For the next eight months
I went to every specialist.
1120
00:48:40,840 --> 00:48:42,342
- Do you have a brain tumor?
1121
00:48:42,342 --> 00:48:44,080
Is it an inner ear thing?
1122
00:48:44,080 --> 00:48:45,190
Is there a cardiac issue?
1123
00:48:45,190 --> 00:48:46,730
Is there a neurological issue?
1124
00:48:46,730 --> 00:48:49,567
- And they said, "You know,
Brian, sometimes stress does
1125
00:48:49,567 --> 00:48:50,860
"weird stuff to the body,"
1126
00:48:50,860 --> 00:48:54,000
and handed me a card for mental health.
1127
00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:55,630
- [Dr. Hyman] Not one medical specialist
1128
00:48:55,630 --> 00:48:58,477
asked Brian about his nutrition.
1129
00:48:58,477 --> 00:49:00,270
- And they were just like, "Sorry."
1130
00:49:00,270 --> 00:49:01,607
You know?
1131
00:49:01,607 --> 00:49:03,520
"That's about all we can do for you."
1132
00:49:03,520 --> 00:49:05,847
So, there was a turning point
where I was like, "Okay.
1133
00:49:05,847 --> 00:49:08,247
"Well, we've got to figure
this out on our own."
1134
00:49:09,296 --> 00:49:11,879
(upbeat music)
1135
00:49:16,380 --> 00:49:18,567
- [Dr. Hyman] Brian decided
to try an elimination diet
1136
00:49:18,567 --> 00:49:21,580
and he cut out all grains and sugar.
1137
00:49:21,580 --> 00:49:23,830
- For really, just
efficiency and for taste,
1138
00:49:23,830 --> 00:49:28,166
I made these giant batches
of bone broth, vegetable,
1139
00:49:28,166 --> 00:49:33,166
and meat soups and I just ate
them pretty much every day.
1140
00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:34,280
And that's where sort
1141
00:49:34,280 --> 00:49:36,700
of the nickname Captain Soup came from.
1142
00:49:36,700 --> 00:49:40,010
In about six weeks, I got my brain back.
1143
00:49:40,010 --> 00:49:41,750
I got my energy back.
1144
00:49:41,750 --> 00:49:44,600
I lost about 25 pounds.
1145
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:46,430
- I started to see my husband come back.
1146
00:49:46,430 --> 00:49:49,997
I started to see my
children's father come back.
1147
00:49:49,997 --> 00:49:53,633
It's miraculous to me
what just food can do.
1148
00:49:54,490 --> 00:49:56,330
- [Dr. Hyman] Just by
changing what he ate,
1149
00:49:56,330 --> 00:49:58,400
Brian's health problems resolved.
1150
00:49:58,400 --> 00:50:00,124
He no longer takes any medication,
1151
00:50:00,124 --> 00:50:01,150
he's back to
- Nice, throw dude.
1152
00:50:01,150 --> 00:50:02,310
- his high school weight,
- Ready?
1153
00:50:02,310 --> 00:50:03,143
- and the Army
- Whoa!
1154
00:50:03,143 --> 00:50:05,557
- [Dr. Hyman] has reinstated
his flight status.
1155
00:50:05,557 --> 00:50:09,340
And now he's sharing his recipe
for health with the world.
1156
00:50:09,340 --> 00:50:12,610
- [Brian] Now we make just
super clean keto soups,
1157
00:50:12,610 --> 00:50:15,740
and we ship 'em frozen
all over the country.
1158
00:50:15,740 --> 00:50:17,050
- [Dr. Hyman] These days when Brian goes
1159
00:50:17,050 --> 00:50:19,860
on deployment he ships
ahead cases of soup.
1160
00:50:19,860 --> 00:50:24,370
He no longer relies on the Army
food that made him so sick.
1161
00:50:24,370 --> 00:50:26,658
- When my son was born, I was really sick.
1162
00:50:26,658 --> 00:50:30,390
And I look back at photos from that time,
1163
00:50:30,390 --> 00:50:34,093
and I barely remember
anything about that year,
1164
00:50:34,093 --> 00:50:37,520
because I was so out of it.
1165
00:50:37,520 --> 00:50:38,936
Sorry.
1166
00:50:38,936 --> 00:50:40,957
And when you don't have energy
1167
00:50:40,957 --> 00:50:42,460
and you don't have your health,
1168
00:50:42,460 --> 00:50:45,033
like you don't really have anything.
1169
00:50:46,182 --> 00:50:49,140
I have my brain back,
I have my energy back,
1170
00:50:49,140 --> 00:50:51,800
and I can show up and be there
1171
00:50:51,800 --> 00:50:54,353
for my kids and for my
wife like I wanna be.
1172
00:50:58,070 --> 00:50:59,982
- Today, less than 20% of medical schools
1173
00:50:59,982 --> 00:51:02,510
require nutrition training for physicians.
1174
00:51:02,510 --> 00:51:04,840
That's slowly changing
but a widespread lack
1175
00:51:04,840 --> 00:51:08,140
of nutrition knowledge means
many physicians misunderstand
1176
00:51:08,140 --> 00:51:10,913
the root causes of chronic
and metabolic diseases
1177
00:51:10,913 --> 00:51:13,113
which are often driven by diet.
1178
00:51:16,180 --> 00:51:18,567
- When a physician preaches low-fat
1179
00:51:18,567 --> 00:51:21,473
and a physician preaches reducing calories
1180
00:51:21,473 --> 00:51:25,040
and they try that themselves,
it doesn't take long
1181
00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:28,087
for some of them to realize,
"This isn't working for me,
1182
00:51:28,087 --> 00:51:30,537
"maybe it's not working
for my patients, either."
1183
00:51:31,376 --> 00:51:32,209
- Ali!
- Hi.
1184
00:51:32,209 --> 00:51:33,627
- How are you doin'?
1185
00:51:33,627 --> 00:51:34,510
- Good, it's nice to see you.
1186
00:51:34,510 --> 00:51:36,950
- [Dr. Hyman] Physicians
are not immune to obesity.
1187
00:51:36,950 --> 00:51:39,547
Plenty of them struggle with
their own health challenges.
1188
00:51:39,547 --> 00:51:40,420
- It's been gettin' a lot better.
1189
00:51:40,420 --> 00:51:42,115
- Until two years ago, I was tryin'
1190
00:51:42,115 --> 00:51:45,410
to do the American
Diabetes Association diet,
1191
00:51:45,410 --> 00:51:46,670
the American Heart Association,
1192
00:51:46,670 --> 00:51:49,020
trying to eat a low fat diet,
1193
00:51:49,020 --> 00:51:50,070
eating small meals throughout
1194
00:51:50,070 --> 00:51:51,773
the day and I'm gaining weight.
1195
00:51:51,773 --> 00:51:52,606
- Up, two!
1196
00:51:53,720 --> 00:51:54,710
Up, three!
1197
00:51:54,710 --> 00:51:56,010
- I was working out six days a week
1198
00:51:56,010 --> 00:51:57,225
because I would say I gotta work out
1199
00:51:57,225 --> 00:51:58,490
if I want to lose weight,
1200
00:51:58,490 --> 00:52:00,370
I want to be an example to my patients.
1201
00:52:00,370 --> 00:52:02,980
You're exercising but like they say,
1202
00:52:02,980 --> 00:52:04,120
you can't outrun your fork.
1203
00:52:04,120 --> 00:52:05,720
- So, I had a huge--
1204
00:52:05,720 --> 00:52:07,580
- [Dr. Hyman] Like many
docs, Brian Lenzkes
1205
00:52:07,580 --> 00:52:09,630
was trained in the low fat paradigm
1206
00:52:09,630 --> 00:52:12,691
and that's what he practiced
with his patients for decades.
1207
00:52:12,691 --> 00:52:14,870
But the struggle with his own weight
1208
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:17,100
was getting out of control.
1209
00:52:17,100 --> 00:52:20,000
- Yeah at that point I
was around 260 pounds.
1210
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:22,610
And at that time I was also pre diabetic.
1211
00:52:22,610 --> 00:52:24,440
Clearly what I was doing wasn't working.
1212
00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:26,460
I was following the government guidelines
1213
00:52:26,460 --> 00:52:28,280
and I was getting sicker and sicker.
1214
00:52:28,280 --> 00:52:30,320
And it's not working for me.
1215
00:52:30,320 --> 00:52:32,500
Well, were my patients not listening to me
1216
00:52:32,500 --> 00:52:34,670
or was I giving them bad advice?
1217
00:52:34,670 --> 00:52:36,768
And it turns out we
were giving bad advice.
1218
00:52:36,768 --> 00:52:39,681
- Honey, I got a mixture of chicken,
1219
00:52:39,681 --> 00:52:44,590
Italian seasoned sausage and a spicy pork.
1220
00:52:44,590 --> 00:52:46,930
- So when I cut carbohydrates
the interesting thing for me,
1221
00:52:46,930 --> 00:52:48,696
if I had eggs for breakfast for instance,
1222
00:52:48,696 --> 00:52:51,050
my 10 o'clock snack that I was gonna have,
1223
00:52:51,050 --> 00:52:52,760
I wasn't hungry and I would
skip right through it.
1224
00:52:52,760 --> 00:52:54,740
- I got grease on my fingers.
- Super good.
1225
00:52:54,740 --> 00:52:56,450
Within the first six months I was down
1226
00:52:56,450 --> 00:52:58,373
about 28 pounds, 30 pounds.
1227
00:52:58,373 --> 00:53:01,050
I was putting on muscle mass
and I was feeling really good.
1228
00:53:01,050 --> 00:53:05,540
My energy, my mental clarity,
my focus, my fatigue levels,
1229
00:53:05,540 --> 00:53:06,373
all those things got better.
1230
00:53:06,373 --> 00:53:07,620
I was like, wow.
1231
00:53:07,620 --> 00:53:08,950
Pretty interesting.
1232
00:53:08,950 --> 00:53:10,450
How many of you guys have lost 10 pounds
1233
00:53:10,450 --> 00:53:11,750
or more doing low carb or Keto?
1234
00:53:11,750 --> 00:53:14,070
- And he's been a fantastic ambassador
1235
00:53:14,070 --> 00:53:16,600
for low-carb lifestyle because
he's seen it personally
1236
00:53:16,600 --> 00:53:19,150
and now he's seen it with
hundreds of his patients.
1237
00:53:19,150 --> 00:53:21,196
- Hey, how ya doin'?
- Fine, thanks.
1238
00:53:21,196 --> 00:53:23,083
- So good to see ya.
- Thank you.
1239
00:53:23,083 --> 00:53:24,050
- How's things?
1240
00:53:24,050 --> 00:53:25,694
In all my years of practice,
I never saw anyone cured
1241
00:53:25,694 --> 00:53:28,000
of diabetes by going on a low fat diet.
1242
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:29,160
Never, not one time.
1243
00:53:29,160 --> 00:53:30,650
No one came off of insulin.
1244
00:53:30,650 --> 00:53:32,000
- [Dr. Hyman] Since switching his practice
1245
00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:34,573
to a low carb ketogenic
approach nearly a dozen
1246
00:53:34,573 --> 00:53:36,481
of Brian's patients have reversed
1247
00:53:36,481 --> 00:53:40,320
their Type 2 diabetes and
come off insulin all together.
1248
00:53:40,320 --> 00:53:41,950
- Man, I was just lookin' at your numbers
1249
00:53:41,950 --> 00:53:45,320
and it's like, I think
of anyone I've ever seen,
1250
00:53:45,320 --> 00:53:47,318
you have come off insulin
faster than anyone.
1251
00:53:47,318 --> 00:53:51,763
- I feel brand new, brand new, brand new.
1252
00:53:52,620 --> 00:53:55,090
So I'm stickin' with the diet.
1253
00:53:55,090 --> 00:53:57,988
- At three months, I went
from insulin five times a day
1254
00:53:57,988 --> 00:54:02,988
to no insulin and was able to
maintain normal blood sugars.
1255
00:54:03,369 --> 00:54:08,369
- I don't remember if Dr.
Lenzkes suggested keto
1256
00:54:08,932 --> 00:54:11,500
specifically for the weight loss
1257
00:54:11,500 --> 00:54:14,110
or if it wasn't for the
other issues that I had.
1258
00:54:14,110 --> 00:54:16,940
I started it, and I do love butter,
1259
00:54:16,940 --> 00:54:19,531
and I do love cream and I do love bacon.
1260
00:54:19,531 --> 00:54:22,771
So, it sounded really pretty good to me.
1261
00:54:22,771 --> 00:54:27,771
I ate less, and what
I ate, I enjoyed more.
1262
00:54:28,070 --> 00:54:32,373
- Since last March, a year ago,
1263
00:54:33,680 --> 00:54:36,630
I've lost between 50 and 60 pounds,
1264
00:54:36,630 --> 00:54:38,150
but I've gained a lot of strength,
1265
00:54:38,150 --> 00:54:40,430
I've gained a lot of muscle as well.
1266
00:54:40,430 --> 00:54:42,729
- So, I've lost over 200 pounds.
1267
00:54:42,729 --> 00:54:44,950
- It's just mind boggling.
1268
00:54:44,950 --> 00:54:48,280
He hadn't taken any
patients off insulin ever
1269
00:54:48,280 --> 00:54:51,240
in his entire career and in five months,
1270
00:54:51,240 --> 00:54:54,124
he got 11 patients off insulin completely.
1271
00:54:54,124 --> 00:54:57,040
How can you not acknowledge that?
1272
00:54:57,040 --> 00:54:58,100
- You've done incredible things.
1273
00:54:58,100 --> 00:54:59,280
I mean, just two years ago you were
1274
00:54:59,280 --> 00:55:01,977
on insulin five times a day,
huge doses and you asked me
1275
00:55:01,977 --> 00:55:03,610
can I come off this insulin?
1276
00:55:03,610 --> 00:55:05,890
I'm gaining weight, I'm tired,
I'm fatigued all the time,
1277
00:55:05,890 --> 00:55:07,963
and now seeing you, where you're at now,
1278
00:55:07,963 --> 00:55:09,960
it's pretty remarkable
what you've accomplished
1279
00:55:09,960 --> 00:55:12,430
just by making some lifestyle changes.
1280
00:55:12,430 --> 00:55:14,890
They're empowered now to
get themselves off insulin.
1281
00:55:14,890 --> 00:55:17,390
So, now they're seeing it.
1282
00:55:17,390 --> 00:55:19,156
Now my patients are telling their patients
1283
00:55:19,156 --> 00:55:20,667
and they're going to them to saying,
1284
00:55:20,667 --> 00:55:22,097
"Hey, how come this
person came off insulin?
1285
00:55:22,097 --> 00:55:23,020
"I thought it couldn't happen."
1286
00:55:23,020 --> 00:55:24,080
It can happen.
1287
00:55:24,080 --> 00:55:25,290
It does happen, right?
1288
00:55:25,290 --> 00:55:26,533
And we're excited about that.
1289
00:55:26,533 --> 00:55:27,930
I don't know anyone else who
1290
00:55:27,930 --> 00:55:29,440
has lost as much weight as you have,
1291
00:55:29,440 --> 00:55:31,985
even with gastric bypass
surgery I've never seen it.
1292
00:55:31,985 --> 00:55:33,192
The fact that you are coming down off
1293
00:55:33,192 --> 00:55:36,760
your diabetes medications,
you're off them all now,
1294
00:55:36,760 --> 00:55:38,250
your blood pressure came down.
1295
00:55:38,250 --> 00:55:39,292
All these things are getting better
1296
00:55:39,292 --> 00:55:41,750
and we're just slowly getting
you off the medications.
1297
00:55:41,750 --> 00:55:44,390
You are making progress and
you're making a ton of progress,
1298
00:55:44,390 --> 00:55:46,368
more than anyone that I've ever seen.
1299
00:55:46,368 --> 00:55:49,280
- That shift that he saw in his patients,
1300
00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:51,859
being able to actually remove medications
1301
00:55:51,859 --> 00:55:53,610
and make them healthier
1302
00:55:53,610 --> 00:55:55,820
at the same time was just tremendous.
1303
00:55:55,820 --> 00:55:58,363
And it all started with
his own personal journey.
1304
00:56:00,680 --> 00:56:02,030
- [Kate] Maybe, eventually,
1305
00:56:02,030 --> 00:56:04,940
the government will come around (laughs).
1306
00:56:04,940 --> 00:56:06,720
- Maybe, possibly so.
1307
00:56:06,720 --> 00:56:08,742
If not, it's your health, right?
1308
00:56:08,742 --> 00:56:10,190
- Absolutely, absolutely.
- We can do it as individuals
1309
00:56:10,190 --> 00:56:12,270
and when people are seeing
people have benefits,
1310
00:56:12,270 --> 00:56:13,960
they're gonna wanna go
into that lifestyle,
1311
00:56:13,960 --> 00:56:16,350
and what you're doing and what
we're seeing day after day
1312
00:56:16,350 --> 00:56:17,315
is super exciting.
- Yeah.
1313
00:56:17,315 --> 00:56:18,700
- Yeah, so thank you.
- Thank you so much.
1314
00:56:18,700 --> 00:56:19,751
- Thank you
1315
00:56:19,751 --> 00:56:20,584
for encouraging me too!
- Thank you.
1316
00:56:20,584 --> 00:56:21,445
Oh no.
1317
00:56:21,445 --> 00:56:24,184
You're wonderful, you
are absolutely the best.
1318
00:56:24,184 --> 00:56:25,650
- You're awesome, thank you.
1319
00:56:25,650 --> 00:56:27,300
- So the three main macronutrients
1320
00:56:27,300 --> 00:56:30,230
in food are carbohydrate, protein and fat,
1321
00:56:30,230 --> 00:56:31,710
and here's an important point.
1322
00:56:31,710 --> 00:56:34,744
There are essential fats
and essential proteins,
1323
00:56:34,744 --> 00:56:37,833
but there are no essential carbohydrates.
1324
00:56:38,920 --> 00:56:40,270
Essential means the nutrients
1325
00:56:40,270 --> 00:56:42,970
are required to sustain human life.
1326
00:56:42,970 --> 00:56:45,031
We must eat these to survive.
1327
00:56:45,031 --> 00:56:48,142
But there is no physical
or biological need
1328
00:56:48,142 --> 00:56:52,428
for us to consume any
carbohydrates at all.
1329
00:56:52,428 --> 00:56:55,011
(gentle music)
1330
00:57:00,350 --> 00:57:03,485
- [Doug] I was an ultra distance runner.
1331
00:57:03,485 --> 00:57:08,260
Not an elite athlete, but I
was pretty good and finished
1332
00:57:08,260 --> 00:57:11,683
in the top 100 out of a
field of about 14, 15,000.
1333
00:57:13,030 --> 00:57:14,810
- [Dr. Hyman] By the
time he was 30 years old,
1334
00:57:14,810 --> 00:57:16,630
Doug Reynolds had run over almost
1335
00:57:16,630 --> 00:57:18,613
100 marathons and ultra marathons.
1336
00:57:19,888 --> 00:57:21,870
He was in the best shape of his life
1337
00:57:21,870 --> 00:57:24,040
but something wasn't right.
1338
00:57:24,040 --> 00:57:25,672
- And I would be incredibly fit,
1339
00:57:25,672 --> 00:57:28,740
and yet on the day of the race,
1340
00:57:28,740 --> 00:57:30,056
I would be standing there thinking,
1341
00:57:30,056 --> 00:57:33,927
"I've got to run up that
mountain for 55 miles.
1342
00:57:33,927 --> 00:57:35,280
"I can't even get to the corner."
1343
00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:36,803
I felt terrible.
1344
00:57:36,803 --> 00:57:38,977
I used to think it was just nerves.
1345
00:57:38,977 --> 00:57:41,470
- [Dr. Hyman] Like many
people, Doug thought athletes
1346
00:57:41,470 --> 00:57:43,940
couldn't function without carbohydrates.
1347
00:57:43,940 --> 00:57:46,940
He would binge on carbs in the
days leading up to the race.
1348
00:57:46,940 --> 00:57:48,030
- But it wasn't the nerves.
1349
00:57:48,030 --> 00:57:49,585
It was the fact that three days before,
1350
00:57:49,585 --> 00:57:53,910
I'd just gorge myself on all these pastas
1351
00:57:53,910 --> 00:57:58,280
and potatoes and all these
carbohydrates and it was toxic.
1352
00:57:58,280 --> 00:58:00,332
- [Dr. Hyman] It's a familiar
story to Dr. Tim Noakes,
1353
00:58:00,332 --> 00:58:03,700
the man who wrote the
book on carb loading.
1354
00:58:03,700 --> 00:58:05,570
- So the first four chapters are all
1355
00:58:05,570 --> 00:58:07,520
on high carbohydrate diets and how
1356
00:58:07,520 --> 00:58:09,880
the most important
determinant of your success
1357
00:58:09,880 --> 00:58:12,961
in running is how much
carbohydrates you're eating.
1358
00:58:12,961 --> 00:58:17,020
So I promoted this and all
the time while I was writing
1359
00:58:17,020 --> 00:58:20,070
this I was getting fatter,
less healthy and my running
1360
00:58:20,070 --> 00:58:22,640
was getting slower and slower and slower,
1361
00:58:22,640 --> 00:58:25,670
to the point where I was
really hating running.
1362
00:58:25,670 --> 00:58:27,170
- [Dr. Hyman] Even though
they were exercising
1363
00:58:27,170 --> 00:58:28,980
a lot more than most people,
1364
00:58:28,980 --> 00:58:32,750
both men suffered from their
low fat, high carb diets.
1365
00:58:32,750 --> 00:58:34,192
- I started to put on
a little bit of weight
1366
00:58:34,192 --> 00:58:36,040
and I never used to weigh myself
1367
00:58:36,040 --> 00:58:38,344
because I was always a runner, I was fine.
1368
00:58:38,344 --> 00:58:40,130
And I got on the scale
1369
00:58:40,130 --> 00:58:42,010
and I was like thirty-five
pounds overweight?
1370
00:58:42,010 --> 00:58:43,240
I thought the scale was broken!
1371
00:58:43,240 --> 00:58:46,000
- And then, much more interestingly,
1372
00:58:46,000 --> 00:58:48,320
I discovered I had Type 2 diabetes,
1373
00:58:48,320 --> 00:58:49,980
which was predictable because my dad
1374
00:58:49,980 --> 00:58:52,240
had died from the disease
and my dad took 10 years
1375
00:58:52,240 --> 00:58:53,900
to die and I figured I've
1376
00:58:53,900 --> 00:58:55,827
got 10 years to sort this problem out.
1377
00:58:55,827 --> 00:58:57,850
- [Dr. Hyman] Both Tim and Doug decided
1378
00:58:57,850 --> 00:59:01,210
to break the convention
and try a low carb diet.
1379
00:59:01,210 --> 00:59:03,960
They cut carbs to less
than 20 grams a day,
1380
00:59:03,960 --> 00:59:06,478
ate moderate amounts of
protein and began eating 70
1381
00:59:06,478 --> 00:59:10,040
to 80% of daily calories as fat.
1382
00:59:10,040 --> 00:59:12,329
Nutrition is actually pretty simple.
1383
00:59:12,329 --> 00:59:15,770
Your body needs protein
and protein comes first.
1384
00:59:15,770 --> 00:59:16,850
That's essential.
1385
00:59:16,850 --> 00:59:18,070
But then you can choose to run
1386
00:59:18,070 --> 00:59:20,640
your body on carbohydrates
including sugars
1387
00:59:20,640 --> 00:59:22,784
and starches or fats and it's your choice.
1388
00:59:22,784 --> 00:59:26,440
If you quit eating carbs,
sugars and starches,
1389
00:59:26,440 --> 00:59:30,043
your body is forced to use an
alternative fuel source, fat.
1390
00:59:30,043 --> 00:59:33,760
Burning fat produces
substance called ketones
1391
00:59:33,760 --> 00:59:35,550
that provide all the energy you need
1392
00:59:35,550 --> 00:59:37,601
to fuel your body and your brain.
1393
00:59:37,601 --> 00:59:39,790
That's why the low carb high fat diet
1394
00:59:39,790 --> 00:59:42,116
has been given the name Keto.
1395
00:59:42,116 --> 00:59:44,370
For most of human history there's been
1396
00:59:44,370 --> 00:59:46,810
very little sugar or starches in the diet.
1397
00:59:46,810 --> 00:59:49,417
In fact if you put all of
human history into one year,
1398
00:59:49,417 --> 00:59:51,680
it's only in the last day that people
1399
00:59:51,680 --> 00:59:53,308
started eating grains
or bread and it's only
1400
00:59:53,308 --> 00:59:57,530
in the last hour that people
have been eating sugar.
1401
00:59:57,530 --> 01:00:00,724
- In fact we know that
keeping people in ketosis,
1402
01:00:00,724 --> 01:00:03,127
keeping the carbs very low may actually
1403
01:00:03,127 --> 01:00:07,170
be the preferred way for people to be.
1404
01:00:07,170 --> 01:00:09,423
- Eventually, I dropped
right down 44 pounds
1405
01:00:09,423 --> 01:00:10,979
and I went back to my weight
1406
01:00:10,979 --> 01:00:13,800
that I had when I was running in 1972.
1407
01:00:15,600 --> 01:00:17,430
And I'm glad to say, after seven years,
1408
01:00:17,430 --> 01:00:19,351
my blood glucose control is as good
1409
01:00:19,351 --> 01:00:23,290
as it could be expected for
someone of my age of 69.
1410
01:00:23,290 --> 01:00:28,290
I'm not completely normal,
but I'm 99% normal.
1411
01:00:28,320 --> 01:00:29,580
- [Dr. Hyman] Tim famously tore out
1412
01:00:29,580 --> 01:00:32,810
the pages on carb loading from
his "Lore of Running" book
1413
01:00:32,810 --> 01:00:35,103
that promotes ketogenic
diets for athletes.
1414
01:00:36,410 --> 01:00:38,790
- [Doug] Two, three weeks after
I started on this keto diet,
1415
01:00:38,790 --> 01:00:40,060
I was jumping out of bed and going
1416
01:00:40,060 --> 01:00:41,732
for a run in the morning and enjoying it.
1417
01:00:41,732 --> 01:00:46,383
It's just been the most amazing
transformation in my life.
1418
01:00:47,540 --> 01:00:50,347
- [Dr. Hyman] Doug started
a company called LowCarb USA
1419
01:00:50,347 --> 01:00:53,490
dedicated to education
and nutrition support.
1420
01:00:53,490 --> 01:00:54,540
His logo?
1421
01:00:54,540 --> 01:00:57,865
Our nation's food pyramid
turned upside down.
1422
01:00:57,865 --> 01:00:59,556
- Well, yeah, I mean the whole idea
1423
01:00:59,556 --> 01:01:02,208
was that the reason we're in
1424
01:01:02,208 --> 01:01:05,206
this terrible metabolic dilemma
1425
01:01:05,206 --> 01:01:07,556
in this country is because
of the food pyramid.
1426
01:01:07,556 --> 01:01:12,032
What we are advocating is
pretty much 180 degrees opposite
1427
01:01:12,032 --> 01:01:14,693
to what the food pyramid tries to teach.
1428
01:01:16,090 --> 01:01:18,103
- We now understand that our bodies,
1429
01:01:18,103 --> 01:01:20,800
even the bodies of elite athletes
1430
01:01:20,800 --> 01:01:23,370
don't eat carbohydrates to survive.
1431
01:01:23,370 --> 01:01:26,360
We can convert fat into ketones for fuel,
1432
01:01:26,360 --> 01:01:27,900
but early nutritional scientists
1433
01:01:27,900 --> 01:01:30,474
did not understand nutritional ketosis.
1434
01:01:30,474 --> 01:01:32,623
Scientists simply thought that since fat
1435
01:01:32,623 --> 01:01:35,070
has nine calories per gram while protein
1436
01:01:35,070 --> 01:01:37,016
and carbs have only
four calories per gram,
1437
01:01:37,016 --> 01:01:40,300
we should just cut back on fat to lower
1438
01:01:40,300 --> 01:01:42,670
our calories consumption and lose weight.
1439
01:01:42,670 --> 01:01:46,396
- I met with people who helped
with the initial guidelines
1440
01:01:46,396 --> 01:01:48,415
and they were well-intentioned.
1441
01:01:48,415 --> 01:01:53,415
They reasoned that because
calories lead to obesity,
1442
01:01:53,770 --> 01:01:57,921
reduce the food that has the
most calories which is fat.
1443
01:01:57,921 --> 01:02:00,678
- We've been counting calories ever since
1444
01:02:00,678 --> 01:02:03,755
in every way imaginable on food labels,
1445
01:02:03,755 --> 01:02:08,755
in menus, online and in apps
and lately even on our bodies.
1446
01:02:09,850 --> 01:02:12,305
For years we've been told
it's a simple equation.
1447
01:02:12,305 --> 01:02:14,740
If we could just balance
the number of calories
1448
01:02:15,632 --> 01:02:17,730
we consume against the
number of calories we burn,
1449
01:02:17,730 --> 01:02:19,920
the calories in versus calories out,
1450
01:02:19,920 --> 01:02:21,990
our weight will stay in balance.
1451
01:02:21,990 --> 01:02:23,537
Everything on the level, right?
1452
01:02:23,537 --> 01:02:26,295
Actually, not so right.
1453
01:02:26,295 --> 01:02:28,650
- The calories in, calories out model
1454
01:02:28,650 --> 01:02:32,760
is fundamentally flawed because the body
1455
01:02:32,760 --> 01:02:37,700
doesn't account for the fat that way.
1456
01:02:37,700 --> 01:02:39,386
That's not how we gain fat.
1457
01:02:39,386 --> 01:02:41,133
- It's not a physics problem.
1458
01:02:41,133 --> 01:02:42,720
It's a biology problem.
1459
01:02:42,720 --> 01:02:44,930
It's a physiology problem.
1460
01:02:44,930 --> 01:02:46,900
- The alternative theory is called
1461
01:02:46,900 --> 01:02:49,937
the carbohydrate insulin
hypothesis of weight gain.
1462
01:02:49,937 --> 01:02:51,390
Remember how carbohydrates
1463
01:02:51,390 --> 01:02:53,599
raise blood sugar but fat doesn't?
1464
01:02:53,599 --> 01:02:57,140
That's the key to the insulin
carbohydrate hypothesis.
1465
01:02:57,140 --> 01:02:58,267
- It's really not that hard to understand.
1466
01:02:58,267 --> 01:03:02,260
So if you take 100 calories of brownies
1467
01:03:02,260 --> 01:03:04,674
and 100 calories of salmon,
1468
01:03:04,674 --> 01:03:09,674
and you eat the two, all
the insulin hypothesis says
1469
01:03:10,011 --> 01:03:14,410
is that one food is going
to raise insulin a lot,
1470
01:03:14,410 --> 01:03:15,560
the other food is not.
1471
01:03:15,560 --> 01:03:17,060
So we know that as soon as you put
1472
01:03:17,060 --> 01:03:19,258
those foods in your mouth,
1473
01:03:19,258 --> 01:03:21,531
the hormonal effect of those foods
1474
01:03:21,531 --> 01:03:25,480
is completely and utterly different.
1475
01:03:25,480 --> 01:03:27,690
- So we really need to pay attention
1476
01:03:27,690 --> 01:03:31,230
to hormones at least as much
if not more than calories.
1477
01:03:31,230 --> 01:03:33,270
So, what raises insulin?
1478
01:03:33,270 --> 01:03:35,636
Well, carbohydrates
number one with a bullet.
1479
01:03:35,636 --> 01:03:38,719
It's like in real estate,
location, location, location,
1480
01:03:38,719 --> 01:03:41,800
with insulin it's carbohydrate,
carbohydrate, carbohydrate.
1481
01:03:41,800 --> 01:03:44,050
Protein is a distant second,
1482
01:03:44,050 --> 01:03:45,630
so protein can raise insulin as well.
1483
01:03:45,630 --> 01:03:47,950
You know what doesn't raise it at all?
1484
01:03:47,950 --> 01:03:48,783
Fat.
1485
01:03:48,783 --> 01:03:49,616
Zero.
1486
01:03:49,616 --> 01:03:50,449
Not a drop.
1487
01:03:50,449 --> 01:03:51,282
Doesn't move the needle.
1488
01:03:51,282 --> 01:03:53,756
So, what is the irony of us telling people
1489
01:03:53,756 --> 01:03:57,900
to eat a diet that is absent
of the one macro nutrient
1490
01:03:57,900 --> 01:04:01,030
that has no effect on
the fat storage hormone?
1491
01:04:01,030 --> 01:04:03,654
It's total sheer madness.
1492
01:04:03,654 --> 01:04:07,179
- Insulin essentially acts as a lock
1493
01:04:07,179 --> 01:04:10,776
that gets clamped down
on all of our fat stores
1494
01:04:10,776 --> 01:04:15,776
and prevents us from using
our stored fat as energy.
1495
01:04:17,010 --> 01:04:19,630
But, when we restrict carbohydrates
1496
01:04:19,630 --> 01:04:22,550
and we can therefore bring
the insulin levels down,
1497
01:04:22,550 --> 01:04:25,978
the locks come off and all
of sudden we have access
1498
01:04:25,978 --> 01:04:30,535
to all of our fat stores for energy.
1499
01:04:30,535 --> 01:04:31,450
- [Dr. Hyman] That's right.
1500
01:04:31,450 --> 01:04:34,072
Insulin is a fat storage hormone.
1501
01:04:34,072 --> 01:04:36,603
Lower insulin by cutting
out sugar and carbs
1502
01:04:36,603 --> 01:04:39,430
and the weight comes off or never
1503
01:04:39,430 --> 01:04:41,190
comes on in the first place.
1504
01:04:41,190 --> 01:04:42,611
- We tell patients to think of their body
1505
01:04:42,611 --> 01:04:45,110
as a bowl of sugar, right?
1506
01:04:45,110 --> 01:04:47,450
So over time, that bowl fills up.
1507
01:04:47,450 --> 01:04:50,040
If you're eating a lot of processed foods
1508
01:04:50,040 --> 01:04:53,320
and sugar and so on, that bowl fills up,
1509
01:04:53,320 --> 01:04:55,930
and eventually that sugar,
as you add more sugar in,
1510
01:04:55,930 --> 01:04:58,770
spills out, and that's
what Type 2 diabetes is.
1511
01:04:58,770 --> 01:05:00,740
- Your cells can't hold anymore sugar,
1512
01:05:00,740 --> 01:05:02,398
it simply spills out into the blood.
1513
01:05:02,398 --> 01:05:04,764
The wrong thing to do
is to take the insulin
1514
01:05:04,764 --> 01:05:08,520
and keep cramming that
sugar back into the body,
1515
01:05:08,520 --> 01:05:12,340
the body takes it, takes
it, takes it until it rots.
1516
01:05:12,340 --> 01:05:13,173
Right?
1517
01:05:13,173 --> 01:05:15,957
It would be much smarter to simply say,
1518
01:05:15,957 --> 01:05:18,187
"Hey, I have too much sugar.
1519
01:05:18,187 --> 01:05:21,467
"Let me just burn it all
off by intermittent fasting,
1520
01:05:21,467 --> 01:05:23,200
"or not putting anymore sugar in."
1521
01:05:23,200 --> 01:05:25,600
A low-carbohydrate diet, and guess what?
1522
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:29,730
It works exactly as you
would expect it to work.
1523
01:05:29,730 --> 01:05:33,310
- I've been using the keto
diet for about 13 years
1524
01:05:33,310 --> 01:05:36,920
in a university clinical
practice and the results
1525
01:05:36,920 --> 01:05:40,495
in treating diabetes are quite remarkable.
1526
01:05:40,495 --> 01:05:45,495
I've had some people get off
insulin within just a few days
1527
01:05:45,980 --> 01:05:47,812
of changing from eating carbohydrates
1528
01:05:47,812 --> 01:05:50,500
to not eating carbohydrates.
1529
01:05:50,500 --> 01:05:52,620
I think my record that I can recall
1530
01:05:52,620 --> 01:05:55,317
is I took someone off 180 units
1531
01:05:55,317 --> 01:05:58,203
of insulin a day in just two days.
1532
01:06:01,510 --> 01:06:02,597
- Come on in and take a seat.
1533
01:06:02,597 --> 01:06:03,760
- Sure.
1534
01:06:03,760 --> 01:06:07,390
- If Judi were to have walked
into my Office 10 years ago
1535
01:06:07,390 --> 01:06:10,089
when I started, I would have
thought, I can help you.
1536
01:06:10,089 --> 01:06:11,851
You just need to eat less.
1537
01:06:11,851 --> 01:06:14,110
You need to exercise more.
1538
01:06:14,110 --> 01:06:15,650
We need to start measuring your food.
1539
01:06:15,650 --> 01:06:18,050
You can do this, I believe in you.
1540
01:06:18,050 --> 01:06:18,950
And I thought that to be true.
1541
01:06:18,950 --> 01:06:20,140
Why don't you go ahead and get
1542
01:06:20,140 --> 01:06:21,892
your blood sugar meter out for me too.
1543
01:06:21,892 --> 01:06:23,015
- Okay.
1544
01:06:23,015 --> 01:06:24,850
- Take a look at that.
1545
01:06:24,850 --> 01:06:27,387
Over the course of the
following five years,
1546
01:06:27,387 --> 01:06:29,072
I realized it wasn't working
1547
01:06:29,072 --> 01:06:34,072
and either no one was following my advice
1548
01:06:35,280 --> 01:06:37,040
or I was giving terrible advice.
1549
01:06:37,040 --> 01:06:38,830
- I've been writing down each day--
1550
01:06:38,830 --> 01:06:41,100
- Thankfully Judi didn't come
into my office 10 years ago.
1551
01:06:41,100 --> 01:06:43,041
She came into my office this year.
1552
01:06:43,041 --> 01:06:46,250
And I was able to offer hope.
1553
01:06:46,250 --> 01:06:48,700
I was able to offer an opportunity.
1554
01:06:48,700 --> 01:06:50,414
I knew that she could be successful
1555
01:06:50,414 --> 01:06:53,070
and success wasn't just
measured on a scale,
1556
01:06:53,070 --> 01:06:56,100
it was measured with
blood sugar reduction,
1557
01:06:56,100 --> 01:06:59,350
insulin reduction,
anti-inflammatory markers,
1558
01:06:59,350 --> 01:07:02,850
blood pressure as well as insulin.
1559
01:07:02,850 --> 01:07:03,683
- Yeah.
1560
01:07:03,683 --> 01:07:04,516
- [Dr. Gallager] Looks like
you did an awesome job.
1561
01:07:04,516 --> 01:07:06,937
- Yeah.
- And you are down 12 pounds.
1562
01:07:06,937 --> 01:07:07,770
- [Judi] Wow.
1563
01:07:07,770 --> 01:07:09,300
- Since our last visit, yeah.
1564
01:07:09,300 --> 01:07:11,780
- I can report that
this is the second week
1565
01:07:11,780 --> 01:07:16,200
and I have normal blood
sugars now in the morning.
1566
01:07:16,200 --> 01:07:21,200
I'm still doing my injectables,
but it's gotten leveled.
1567
01:07:21,280 --> 01:07:24,730
It's leveled and I know
that I'm in ketosis.
1568
01:07:24,730 --> 01:07:27,160
And the weight is starting to drop off.
1569
01:07:27,160 --> 01:07:28,740
- What was the dose you were taking
1570
01:07:28,740 --> 01:07:29,573
when you walked out of the door?
1571
01:07:29,573 --> 01:07:31,460
- It was 120 units.
- Okay.
1572
01:07:31,460 --> 01:07:33,598
- And now I'm doing 100.
1573
01:07:33,598 --> 01:07:36,740
- [Dr. Hyman] In just two
weeks on a ketogenic diet,
1574
01:07:36,740 --> 01:07:41,708
Judi has cut her blood sugar
in half and lost 12 pounds.
1575
01:07:41,708 --> 01:07:43,750
Changing her nutrition has done more
1576
01:07:43,750 --> 01:07:47,210
to improve her health than
any medication ever did.
1577
01:07:47,210 --> 01:07:48,850
- The difference is more fat,
1578
01:07:48,850 --> 01:07:51,430
and that gives a lot more energy.
1579
01:07:51,430 --> 01:07:52,500
- It's amazing.
1580
01:07:52,500 --> 01:07:53,960
I'm happy I come to work again,
1581
01:07:53,960 --> 01:07:56,520
and there was really a time
when I thought, I have to quit.
1582
01:07:56,520 --> 01:07:58,440
I can't do this, this is miserable.
1583
01:07:58,440 --> 01:07:59,370
It's hopeless.
1584
01:07:59,370 --> 01:08:01,304
Diabetes is a hopeless disease.
1585
01:08:01,304 --> 01:08:02,600
And I felt that way.
1586
01:08:02,600 --> 01:08:04,830
I really, truly felt that way and I knew
1587
01:08:04,830 --> 01:08:06,360
that there had to be another answer,
1588
01:08:06,360 --> 01:08:07,754
and I don't feel that way anymore.
1589
01:08:07,754 --> 01:08:10,940
- In results from more than
50 controlled clinical trials
1590
01:08:10,940 --> 01:08:13,517
comparing high fat and low
fat diets for weight loss,
1591
01:08:13,517 --> 01:08:16,670
the high fat diets won every time.
1592
01:08:16,670 --> 01:08:19,084
The higher the fat the
higher the weight loss.
1593
01:08:19,084 --> 01:08:21,230
That's because eating fat speeds up
1594
01:08:21,230 --> 01:08:24,029
your metabolism and
helps you burn body fat,
1595
01:08:24,029 --> 01:08:27,563
carbs slow down your metabolism
and cause weight gain.
1596
01:08:30,830 --> 01:08:33,790
It's week two of our nutrition experiment.
1597
01:08:33,790 --> 01:08:36,790
This time it's the low fat diet.
1598
01:08:36,790 --> 01:08:39,830
- So today's breakfast was oatmeal
1599
01:08:40,870 --> 01:08:44,968
with raisins and brown sugar.
1600
01:08:44,968 --> 01:08:48,820
- [Dr. Hyman] We're following
a USDA MyPlate 2,000 calorie
1601
01:08:48,820 --> 01:08:52,474
a day meal plan downloaded
from the USDA website.
1602
01:08:52,474 --> 01:08:54,242
- Do you have a leaner ham?
1603
01:08:54,242 --> 01:08:57,674
- [Dr. Hyman] It calls for
low fat meats, non fat dairy,
1604
01:08:57,674 --> 01:09:01,010
including non fat sugar
sweetened chocolate milk
1605
01:09:01,010 --> 01:09:04,140
and plenty of carbohydrates,
things like lasagna,
1606
01:09:04,140 --> 01:09:06,115
bread and even pizza.
1607
01:09:06,115 --> 01:09:07,083
- This looks like stuff you would take
1608
01:09:07,083 --> 01:09:10,517
to a college dorm, right (laughs)?
1609
01:09:11,719 --> 01:09:13,480
- [Dr. Hyman] This is what
1610
01:09:13,480 --> 01:09:16,000
our government says we should eat.
1611
01:09:16,000 --> 01:09:18,450
- We have some shredded wheat here.
1612
01:09:18,450 --> 01:09:22,373
And then I'm adding a whole
half cup of sliced banana.
1613
01:09:23,453 --> 01:09:27,090
And half a cup of fat free milk.
1614
01:09:27,090 --> 01:09:28,833
Oh, then toast.
1615
01:09:30,165 --> 01:09:34,250
And one cup of chocolate milk, fat free.
1616
01:09:34,250 --> 01:09:36,988
- [Dr. Hyman] This breakfast
alone contains 150 grams
1617
01:09:36,988 --> 01:09:40,850
of carbohydrates and 50 grams of sugar.
1618
01:09:40,850 --> 01:09:44,720
- [Cynthia] Two teaspoons of jelly.
1619
01:09:44,720 --> 01:09:47,140
- Instead of eating bacon
and eggs in the morning,
1620
01:09:47,140 --> 01:09:50,840
which keeps you full until
well past lunch for example,
1621
01:09:50,840 --> 01:09:54,450
now you're eating a couple
of slices of bread and jam,
1622
01:09:54,450 --> 01:09:57,003
and of course by the
time you metabolize it,
1623
01:09:57,003 --> 01:10:00,160
the sugar goes way up and
then it goes way down,
1624
01:10:00,160 --> 01:10:02,820
at 10:30 you're looking
for a low-fat muffin.
1625
01:10:02,820 --> 01:10:05,964
- Day one of the new diet has begun
1626
01:10:05,964 --> 01:10:08,723
and I have to admit, I'm not likin' it.
1627
01:10:10,800 --> 01:10:11,910
Hungry all day.
1628
01:10:11,910 --> 01:10:14,520
- So instead of eating
sorta three meals a day,
1629
01:10:14,520 --> 01:10:18,761
which is a standard since in
the '60s, '50s, '60s, '70s,
1630
01:10:18,761 --> 01:10:21,170
now all of a sudden,
people are getting hungry,
1631
01:10:21,170 --> 01:10:24,617
like ravenous at 10:30 and they're saying,
1632
01:10:24,617 --> 01:10:26,560
"Oh, yeah, I need to eat six times a day."
1633
01:10:26,560 --> 01:10:29,270
- Today I was hungry again
so I needed the snack,
1634
01:10:29,270 --> 01:10:31,687
and I also got really
tired after the meal.
1635
01:10:31,687 --> 01:10:33,516
- So not only are you eating foods
1636
01:10:33,516 --> 01:10:35,870
that stimulate a lot of insulin,
1637
01:10:35,870 --> 01:10:37,230
you're doing it constantly,
1638
01:10:37,230 --> 01:10:39,787
six times a day versus three times a day,
1639
01:10:39,787 --> 01:10:41,610
and it's like, well, what's gonna happen?
1640
01:10:41,610 --> 01:10:45,310
- Lunch was a ham sandwich with some mayo,
1641
01:10:45,310 --> 01:10:47,206
some grapes and the milk.
1642
01:10:47,206 --> 01:10:52,206
And I went off the chart, I went over 200.
1643
01:10:52,264 --> 01:10:54,330
And it just kept going up and up
1644
01:10:54,330 --> 01:10:57,860
and up and up and up and up and
up and then it hit over 200,
1645
01:10:57,860 --> 01:10:59,770
206, I think was it?
1646
01:10:59,770 --> 01:11:01,139
Then it started coming down.
1647
01:11:01,139 --> 01:11:03,609
That was crazy to me and it
was almost a little scary.
1648
01:11:03,609 --> 01:11:05,690
- It's a recipe for diabetes.
1649
01:11:05,690 --> 01:11:07,739
How long is it gonna be before everybody
1650
01:11:07,739 --> 01:11:11,856
becomes diabetic because that's
the outcome of that advice?
1651
01:11:11,856 --> 01:11:15,440
- I never even got that
close to that last week,
1652
01:11:15,440 --> 01:11:16,340
not even close.
1653
01:11:16,340 --> 01:11:18,405
So it's gonna be an interesting week
1654
01:11:18,405 --> 01:11:23,405
and gosh I hope I last
all week, I'm not kidding!
1655
01:11:25,760 --> 01:11:29,640
- Hi this is Cynthia, fifth
day on the low-fat diet.
1656
01:11:29,640 --> 01:11:34,640
It is barely 12 but I'm hungry
so I'm digging in my lunch.
1657
01:11:35,130 --> 01:11:40,110
I'm hungry again so I will
dig into my daily snack.
1658
01:11:40,110 --> 01:11:42,260
Last week I was barely hungry at two
1659
01:11:42,260 --> 01:11:45,590
and now I'm very hungry so I will eat.
1660
01:11:45,590 --> 01:11:47,673
- I was hungry the entire time.
1661
01:11:47,673 --> 01:11:51,170
I would eat, that would
feel good for about 30,
1662
01:11:51,170 --> 01:11:56,040
40 minutes and then I would
start just feelin' hungry.
1663
01:11:56,040 --> 01:11:57,219
- [Cynthia] I definitely liked last week--
1664
01:11:57,219 --> 01:11:58,429
- [Dr. Hyman] When you compare the flat
1665
01:11:58,429 --> 01:12:00,898
and steady blood sugars
from the high fat week
1666
01:12:00,898 --> 01:12:04,060
to the roller coaster readings
from this low fat week,
1667
01:12:04,060 --> 01:12:04,893
it's hard to believe that
1668
01:12:04,893 --> 01:12:07,147
our government thinks this is good for us.
1669
01:12:07,147 --> 01:12:10,108
- The USDA put together a guideline
1670
01:12:10,108 --> 01:12:12,534
that seems to me was really to market
1671
01:12:12,534 --> 01:12:14,758
the food that America makes.
1672
01:12:14,758 --> 01:12:16,600
It wasn't based on health.
1673
01:12:16,600 --> 01:12:19,360
- The dietary guidelines
are not guidelines.
1674
01:12:19,360 --> 01:12:21,973
The dietary guidelines are guidance.
1675
01:12:22,830 --> 01:12:24,154
They're guidance for the food industry
1676
01:12:24,154 --> 01:12:26,436
to be able to sell food.
1677
01:12:26,436 --> 01:12:28,470
They have nothing to do with health.
1678
01:12:28,470 --> 01:12:30,778
And the fact that the USDA is
1679
01:12:30,778 --> 01:12:33,790
in charge of our health
is already a problem.
1680
01:12:33,790 --> 01:12:36,830
- The USDA when it was
founded had two mandates.
1681
01:12:36,830 --> 01:12:37,861
Not one, two.
1682
01:12:37,861 --> 01:12:41,980
Mandate number one was
to provide information
1683
01:12:41,980 --> 01:12:44,781
to the American public
about healthy eating.
1684
01:12:44,781 --> 01:12:47,870
Mandate number two was to support,
1685
01:12:47,870 --> 01:12:52,120
encourage and grow the
American agricultural industry.
1686
01:12:52,120 --> 01:12:56,610
Those two mandates are
not always congruent
1687
01:12:56,610 --> 01:12:59,370
with one another because if
you were really being honest
1688
01:12:59,370 --> 01:13:00,803
with the American people you would say,
1689
01:13:00,803 --> 01:13:04,896
"Wheat, corn, sugar and
soy are not health foods."
1690
01:13:04,896 --> 01:13:08,670
And if you're congregant
with the other mandate
1691
01:13:08,670 --> 01:13:10,907
of the USDA which is to
support and encourage
1692
01:13:10,907 --> 01:13:12,554
and grow American agriculture
1693
01:13:12,554 --> 01:13:14,960
you ain't telling people to not eat four
1694
01:13:14,960 --> 01:13:17,780
of the five biggest crops
that are made in America.
1695
01:13:17,780 --> 01:13:18,640
Trouble.
1696
01:13:18,640 --> 01:13:20,580
That's the contradiction and that's
1697
01:13:20,580 --> 01:13:21,650
why I don't think you're gonna
1698
01:13:21,650 --> 01:13:25,853
see much change in
dietary recommendations.
1699
01:13:26,750 --> 01:13:28,193
- So Nick, tell me about your experiences
1700
01:13:28,193 --> 01:13:29,910
these past two weeks.
1701
01:13:29,910 --> 01:13:31,580
- So it's been really, really interesting.
1702
01:13:31,580 --> 01:13:32,413
- Yeah, so it was interesting.
1703
01:13:32,413 --> 01:13:34,620
- Well, it was really interesting.
1704
01:13:34,620 --> 01:13:38,163
- The low carb, high fat,
1705
01:13:38,163 --> 01:13:40,458
I had a really good experience with.
1706
01:13:40,458 --> 01:13:45,130
- I loved all the food,
and I found it very easy.
1707
01:13:45,130 --> 01:13:47,570
- I liked the high fat a little better
1708
01:13:47,570 --> 01:13:49,150
because I felt more energetic.
1709
01:13:49,150 --> 01:13:52,940
- The following week on the low fat,
1710
01:13:52,940 --> 01:13:55,300
high carb, I was bonkin'.
1711
01:13:55,300 --> 01:13:56,831
I'd just be tired and maybe hangry
1712
01:13:56,831 --> 01:13:58,810
is probably the best word.
1713
01:13:58,810 --> 01:14:00,610
- Insulin is a big driver
1714
01:14:00,610 --> 01:14:03,370
of carbohydrate craving and hunger.
1715
01:14:03,370 --> 01:14:06,100
That hangry feeling that you mentioned
1716
01:14:06,100 --> 01:14:08,260
is often when someone's insulin levels
1717
01:14:08,260 --> 01:14:10,201
are high but their blood sugar is low.
1718
01:14:10,201 --> 01:14:12,700
It's that insulin rollercoaster we talked
1719
01:14:12,700 --> 01:14:15,360
about when you eat carbs and
your insulin levels go up.
1720
01:14:15,360 --> 01:14:18,985
- And I got foggy during
the high carb week.
1721
01:14:18,985 --> 01:14:20,810
- A little groggy.
1722
01:14:20,810 --> 01:14:23,020
- I was even just sayin' things backwards
1723
01:14:23,020 --> 01:14:25,934
and I noticed that I
wasn't, there wasn't the,
1724
01:14:25,934 --> 01:14:28,960
I wasn't clicking like I normally do.
1725
01:14:28,960 --> 01:14:29,793
- [Dr. Freshwater] I'd love to see
1726
01:14:29,793 --> 01:14:30,651
your graphs at some time, too.
1727
01:14:30,651 --> 01:14:31,484
Like kind of see
- Oh, okay.
1728
01:14:31,484 --> 01:14:32,625
- [Dr. Freshwater] the
whole progression of them.
1729
01:14:32,625 --> 01:14:33,458
Do you have them with you?
1730
01:14:33,458 --> 01:14:34,291
- Yeah, sure.
1731
01:14:34,291 --> 01:14:35,920
Let me see here.
1732
01:14:35,920 --> 01:14:36,983
- [Dr. Hyman] Just look at the difference
1733
01:14:36,983 --> 01:14:38,447
between the two diets.
1734
01:14:38,447 --> 01:14:41,316
Everyone of our participants
experienced similar reactions
1735
01:14:41,316 --> 01:14:43,843
to the low carb versus low fat diets.
1736
01:14:43,843 --> 01:14:44,850
- Wow, what a difference
1737
01:14:44,850 --> 01:14:45,995
between the two weeks.
- Yeah, it's huge.
1738
01:14:45,995 --> 01:14:46,828
- Yeah.
1739
01:14:46,828 --> 01:14:49,540
- From the first week I
was almost a flat line.
1740
01:14:49,540 --> 01:14:51,273
- Yeah.
- I was averaging 84.
1741
01:14:51,273 --> 01:14:52,230
- [Dr. Freshwater] Much more stable.
1742
01:14:52,230 --> 01:14:53,530
- [Nick] It was fascinating.
1743
01:14:53,530 --> 01:14:54,960
- Yeah, it's interesting.
- It was really interesting
1744
01:14:54,960 --> 01:14:55,793
being a part of this.
1745
01:14:55,793 --> 01:14:57,060
- I'm really excited about
1746
01:14:57,060 --> 01:14:58,800
this changing my life.
- Yeah.
1747
01:14:58,800 --> 01:15:00,143
It's cool to see.
1748
01:15:01,390 --> 01:15:04,523
- For many people, fat is a super food.
1749
01:15:04,523 --> 01:15:07,144
Not only does it help you
feel full and lose weight,
1750
01:15:07,144 --> 01:15:09,800
your body uses it as the building blocks
1751
01:15:09,800 --> 01:15:11,817
for cellular membranes and fat makes
1752
01:15:11,817 --> 01:15:13,745
up the myelin sheath that forms around
1753
01:15:13,745 --> 01:15:16,330
your nerves and allows electrical impulses
1754
01:15:16,330 --> 01:15:18,333
to transmit quickly and efficiently.
1755
01:15:18,333 --> 01:15:21,060
Fat makes up more than
half our brain tissue.
1756
01:15:21,060 --> 01:15:23,950
Human breast milk is more than half fat,
1757
01:15:23,950 --> 01:15:26,076
much of which is saturated fat.
1758
01:15:26,076 --> 01:15:30,160
We need healthy fats to be healthy humans.
1759
01:15:30,160 --> 01:15:32,230
Unfortunately what we've been told
1760
01:15:32,230 --> 01:15:33,970
about which fats are good for us
1761
01:15:33,970 --> 01:15:37,550
and which fats are bad is dead wrong.
1762
01:15:37,550 --> 01:15:38,650
- Everybody just thinks,
1763
01:15:38,650 --> 01:15:40,526
oh, don't eat fat, don't eat fat,
1764
01:15:40,526 --> 01:15:42,860
and it's actually more tragic than that.
1765
01:15:42,860 --> 01:15:44,930
The story is actually much worse.
1766
01:15:44,930 --> 01:15:47,990
As people turned away from saturated fats,
1767
01:15:47,990 --> 01:15:51,162
like butter and animal fats,
we were told to eat margarine.
1768
01:15:51,162 --> 01:15:53,692
♪ Yes I am the muffin man ♪
1769
01:15:53,692 --> 01:15:56,651
♪ Now I am the butter man ♪
1770
01:15:56,651 --> 01:15:58,440
(horn trumpeting)
1771
01:15:58,440 --> 01:15:59,273
- [TV Announcer] Imperial.
1772
01:15:59,273 --> 01:16:01,480
Only our taste deserves the crown.
1773
01:16:01,480 --> 01:16:04,016
- It turns out, and this is
what's so tragic about it,
1774
01:16:04,016 --> 01:16:06,960
it was deadly advice.
1775
01:16:06,960 --> 01:16:09,740
- Many doctors have recommended
corn oil margarine's
1776
01:16:09,740 --> 01:16:13,360
to help lower the saturated
fat in a reduced fat diet.
1777
01:16:13,360 --> 01:16:16,946
- So if you remember
margarine is vegetable oils,
1778
01:16:16,946 --> 01:16:19,418
and then they partially hydrogenate them
1779
01:16:19,418 --> 01:16:22,313
to make them solid, so
they look like butter.
1780
01:16:22,313 --> 01:16:27,150
Partially hydrogenated fats
are actually trans-fats.
1781
01:16:27,150 --> 01:16:30,280
- It's best to replace spreads
high in saturated fats.
1782
01:16:30,280 --> 01:16:32,648
- So we went from eating natural foods
1783
01:16:32,648 --> 01:16:37,648
and butter to trans-fats
which we now know was super,
1784
01:16:38,823 --> 01:16:42,217
super, super deadly for heart attacks.
1785
01:16:42,217 --> 01:16:43,430
- For the family you love,
1786
01:16:43,430 --> 01:16:46,470
serve delicious, new Mazola Margarine.
1787
01:16:46,470 --> 01:16:49,320
And love it's light
delicate flavor everyday.
1788
01:16:49,320 --> 01:16:52,817
- That is mind-blowing that we told people
1789
01:16:52,817 --> 01:16:57,248
to stop eating butter and
eat this poison instead,
1790
01:16:57,248 --> 01:17:00,463
and it would be good for
you and we all did it.
1791
01:17:00,463 --> 01:17:02,998
- This is Mazola 100% corn oil margarine
1792
01:17:02,998 --> 01:17:05,770
made from 100% corn oil goodness.
1793
01:17:05,770 --> 01:17:07,310
- Well there's really no doubt
1794
01:17:07,310 --> 01:17:09,320
that the American Heart
Association endorsement
1795
01:17:09,320 --> 01:17:12,503
of vegetable oils was a great
thing for that industry.
1796
01:17:13,860 --> 01:17:14,693
- [Ralph] This is Ralph Edwards
1797
01:17:14,693 --> 01:17:15,566
of "Truth or Consequences"
and congratulations
1798
01:17:15,566 --> 01:17:16,510
on your fine entry statement
1799
01:17:16,510 --> 01:17:18,684
of why we should all support
the American Heart Association.
1800
01:17:18,684 --> 01:17:20,827
- [Dr. Hyman] The American
Heart Association started
1801
01:17:20,827 --> 01:17:23,479
in the 1920s as a sleepy
little organization
1802
01:17:23,479 --> 01:17:25,704
that could barely keep its doors open,
1803
01:17:25,704 --> 01:17:28,075
but in 1948 Proctor and Gamble,
1804
01:17:28,075 --> 01:17:30,737
maker of Crisco or shortening staged
1805
01:17:30,737 --> 01:17:35,550
a nationwide fundraiser and
the AHA hit the jackpot.
1806
01:17:35,550 --> 01:17:36,410
- [Ralph] Thanks to Jack Benny,
1807
01:17:36,410 --> 01:17:37,396
the American Heart Association has
1808
01:17:37,396 --> 01:17:39,300
a million and a half dollars there.
1809
01:17:39,300 --> 01:17:41,710
Alright, this is Ralph Edwards
saying goodnight, everybody!
1810
01:17:41,710 --> 01:17:46,710
- Overnight millions of dollars
flowed into their coffers.
1811
01:17:46,780 --> 01:17:48,038
I mean literally from one week to the next
1812
01:17:48,038 --> 01:17:50,496
they started opening up
chapters all over the country,
1813
01:17:50,496 --> 01:17:52,839
all thanks to Proctor and Gamble.
1814
01:17:52,839 --> 01:17:55,020
- [TV Announcer] New Crisco
Oil stays blended longer,
1815
01:17:55,020 --> 01:17:56,980
makes salads taste great.
1816
01:17:56,980 --> 01:17:59,317
New Crisco Oil blends
better than other oils.
1817
01:17:59,317 --> 01:18:00,390
- [Dr. Hyman] The
American Heart Association
1818
01:18:00,390 --> 01:18:02,996
has endorsed special oils ever since.
1819
01:18:02,996 --> 01:18:06,557
- It's not nice to fool Mother Nature.
1820
01:18:06,557 --> 01:18:08,430
(elephant trumpeting)
1821
01:18:08,430 --> 01:18:12,120
- They then were able to
publish advertisements saying,
1822
01:18:12,120 --> 01:18:12,990
lowers cholesterol.
1823
01:18:12,990 --> 01:18:14,610
Take this ad to your doctor and get them
1824
01:18:14,610 --> 01:18:18,467
to prescribe to you vegetable
oils for your health.
1825
01:18:18,467 --> 01:18:20,561
- Vegetable oils are a fascinating topic
1826
01:18:20,561 --> 01:18:23,984
because they've become
labeled as heart healthy
1827
01:18:23,984 --> 01:18:26,700
which drives me a little crazy
1828
01:18:26,700 --> 01:18:29,082
because the label was granted
1829
01:18:29,082 --> 01:18:32,600
to them simply by
lowering LDL cholesterol.
1830
01:18:32,600 --> 01:18:35,621
But, the broader question
is, what else are they doing?
1831
01:18:35,621 --> 01:18:38,370
These are not real food products.
1832
01:18:38,370 --> 01:18:40,460
These are products made in factories.
1833
01:18:40,460 --> 01:18:43,290
These are products that
require heat and chemicals
1834
01:18:43,290 --> 01:18:45,935
and high pressure to extract
what little oil there is.
1835
01:18:45,935 --> 01:18:48,480
- [Dr. Hyman] The heat and chemicals used
1836
01:18:48,480 --> 01:18:49,879
in the manufacturing process oxidizes
1837
01:18:49,879 --> 01:18:52,600
these delicate seed oils.
1838
01:18:52,600 --> 01:18:55,330
When you eat oxidized
vegetable oils like soy,
1839
01:18:55,330 --> 01:18:57,732
canola, corn and seed flower or sunflower,
1840
01:18:57,732 --> 01:18:59,850
they create free radicals throughout
1841
01:18:59,850 --> 01:19:01,505
your body that are highly inflammatory
1842
01:19:01,505 --> 01:19:04,575
and known to cause heart
disease and cancer.
1843
01:19:04,575 --> 01:19:07,250
Why are we always trying
to eat more antioxidants?
1844
01:19:07,250 --> 01:19:09,451
To combat free radicals
like the ones found
1845
01:19:09,451 --> 01:19:11,860
in refined vegetable oils.
1846
01:19:11,860 --> 01:19:13,375
- And then they're used by restaurants
1847
01:19:13,375 --> 01:19:16,550
in the most carcinogenic way possible.
1848
01:19:16,550 --> 01:19:18,479
They heat them, reheat
them, cool them off,
1849
01:19:18,479 --> 01:19:21,160
heat them again and use 'em for a week.
1850
01:19:21,160 --> 01:19:23,970
So, switching to vegetable oils,
1851
01:19:23,970 --> 01:19:25,670
the seed oils was probably
1852
01:19:25,670 --> 01:19:27,212
a terrible idea in the first place.
1853
01:19:27,212 --> 01:19:29,161
- [Dr. Hyman] One researcher
from the University
1854
01:19:29,161 --> 01:19:32,190
of Minnesota went to a variety
of fast food restaurants
1855
01:19:32,190 --> 01:19:34,289
in her neighborhood and
purchased french fries
1856
01:19:34,289 --> 01:19:37,268
and then took them back
to her lab for testing.
1857
01:19:37,268 --> 01:19:38,831
She found numerous compounds
1858
01:19:38,831 --> 01:19:41,529
of toxic aldehydes in the fries.
1859
01:19:41,529 --> 01:19:44,089
Aldehydes are known to
cause gene mutation,
1860
01:19:44,089 --> 01:19:48,480
alter RNA and DNA and
trigger massive inflammation
1861
01:19:48,480 --> 01:19:49,400
in the body.
1862
01:19:49,400 --> 01:19:50,742
- Vegetable oil is highly toxic
1863
01:19:50,742 --> 01:19:52,840
and anyone who advises people
1864
01:19:52,840 --> 01:19:57,010
to eat vegetable oils is
also giving misinformation.
1865
01:19:57,010 --> 01:19:57,945
- I tell my clients to avoid
1866
01:19:57,945 --> 01:20:01,373
the industrial seed oils
as much as possible.
1867
01:20:02,360 --> 01:20:04,599
- [Dr. Hyman] Vegetable oils
belong in the engines of cars,
1868
01:20:04,599 --> 01:20:06,663
not in your food.
1869
01:20:08,950 --> 01:20:10,889
Refined vegetable oils are one more reason
1870
01:20:10,889 --> 01:20:14,150
you should avoid fast
food and processed food.
1871
01:20:14,150 --> 01:20:16,010
If it comes in a bottle or a box
1872
01:20:16,010 --> 01:20:18,750
it probably contains vegetable oils.
1873
01:20:18,750 --> 01:20:21,761
From crackers to cookies,
mayonnaise to salad dressings,
1874
01:20:21,761 --> 01:20:25,490
baby food and even baby formula.
1875
01:20:25,490 --> 01:20:26,540
- They're not natural.
1876
01:20:26,540 --> 01:20:28,177
They've been shown to be pro-inflammatory
1877
01:20:28,177 --> 01:20:31,750
and in some studies like the
Minnesota Coronary Experiment,
1878
01:20:31,750 --> 01:20:33,471
the Sydney Diet Heart Study,
1879
01:20:33,471 --> 01:20:35,940
they've shown that, yes, they lower LDL
1880
01:20:35,940 --> 01:20:37,400
but they actually do nothing
1881
01:20:37,400 --> 01:20:39,926
or they worsen all-cause mortality.
1882
01:20:39,926 --> 01:20:43,058
(pensive music)
1883
01:20:43,058 --> 01:20:48,058
♪ Minneapolis, there's
so many things to be ♪
1884
01:20:50,594 --> 01:20:53,712
- The Minnesota Coronary
Survey which took place
1885
01:20:53,712 --> 01:20:56,078
in the 1960s was the biggest
1886
01:20:56,078 --> 01:20:59,690
ever test of Ancel Keys' hypothesis.
1887
01:20:59,690 --> 01:21:00,825
- The Minnesota Coronary Experiment
1888
01:21:00,825 --> 01:21:04,484
is a fascinating study both
from a science standpoint
1889
01:21:04,484 --> 01:21:06,502
and sort of a detective standpoint.
1890
01:21:06,502 --> 01:21:10,518
- So it took place in five
Minnesota mental hospitals
1891
01:21:10,518 --> 01:21:12,170
which is a kind of experiment
1892
01:21:12,170 --> 01:21:14,410
you can't do anymore because
it's considered unethical.
1893
01:21:14,410 --> 01:21:18,518
But back then it has the benefit
of being highly controlled,
1894
01:21:18,518 --> 01:21:21,170
which means that you're
feeding people all their food,
1895
01:21:21,170 --> 01:21:22,820
so you know what they're eating,
1896
01:21:22,820 --> 01:21:24,901
and they can't get outside
food so they can't cheat.
1897
01:21:24,901 --> 01:21:27,123
- In the diet, they replaced saturated fat
1898
01:21:27,123 --> 01:21:30,550
with polyunsaturated
fat, in the intervention.
1899
01:21:30,550 --> 01:21:31,719
And the diet was similar in all
1900
01:21:31,719 --> 01:21:34,975
the other nutrients that
they deemed to be important.
1901
01:21:34,975 --> 01:21:37,418
And what they found was
that with the intervention,
1902
01:21:37,418 --> 01:21:38,956
cholesterol levels went down,
1903
01:21:38,956 --> 01:21:40,766
which is what you would expect,
1904
01:21:40,766 --> 01:21:44,030
but mortality actually trended up.
1905
01:21:44,030 --> 01:21:46,010
- It turned out that people who were
1906
01:21:46,010 --> 01:21:48,299
on the cholesterol lowering
diet had more heart disease
1907
01:21:48,299 --> 01:21:51,512
and more deaths than the people
eating the controlled diet,
1908
01:21:51,512 --> 01:21:53,790
which was the exact opposite
of what they wanted.
1909
01:21:53,790 --> 01:21:56,747
- So it did not support
the diet-heart hypothesis.
1910
01:21:56,747 --> 01:21:58,908
- But they never published the results.
1911
01:21:58,908 --> 01:22:01,890
- If you do a very long study going into
1912
01:22:01,890 --> 01:22:05,370
that study thinking that you
know what the end in mind
1913
01:22:05,370 --> 01:22:08,600
is going to be and then
it isn't the end in mind,
1914
01:22:08,600 --> 01:22:10,900
I can understand that you don't
wanna publish the results,
1915
01:22:10,900 --> 01:22:12,660
but it is scientific fraud.
1916
01:22:12,660 --> 01:22:14,777
- Yeah, that is totally unacceptable
1917
01:22:14,777 --> 01:22:17,000
to not publish your data like that.
1918
01:22:17,000 --> 01:22:18,789
- It wasn't published until decades later
1919
01:22:18,789 --> 01:22:23,789
that a relative of the author
went digging for the results
1920
01:22:25,220 --> 01:22:27,960
and this is the detective
part that's kind of crazy,
1921
01:22:27,960 --> 01:22:29,614
that he had to go looking
through the basements
1922
01:22:29,614 --> 01:22:32,311
to find these data and re-crunch the data
1923
01:22:32,311 --> 01:22:36,017
and reanalyze it and then bring
it out to publish it to say,
1924
01:22:36,017 --> 01:22:40,161
"Hey, look, this diet higher
in omega-6 oils, lowered LDL,
1925
01:22:40,161 --> 01:22:42,517
"but it increased cardiovascular risk
1926
01:22:42,517 --> 01:22:44,088
"and it increased mortality."
1927
01:22:44,088 --> 01:22:45,751
- When you are making recommendations
1928
01:22:45,751 --> 01:22:49,030
that are not evidence-based,
1929
01:22:49,030 --> 01:22:51,663
and evidence comes out that's contrary
1930
01:22:51,663 --> 01:22:54,475
to those recommendations, wait a minute,
1931
01:22:54,475 --> 01:22:56,629
that's a problem, right?
1932
01:22:56,629 --> 01:23:00,490
And so what has been the standard approach
1933
01:23:00,490 --> 01:23:02,160
to dealing with that situation,
1934
01:23:02,160 --> 01:23:05,137
which has come up a number of times?
1935
01:23:05,137 --> 01:23:07,488
Bury the new evidence.
1936
01:23:07,488 --> 01:23:09,640
And that's exactly what's happened,
1937
01:23:09,640 --> 01:23:11,410
and the Minnesota Coronary study
1938
01:23:11,410 --> 01:23:13,245
is a perfect example of this.
1939
01:23:13,245 --> 01:23:15,307
- The Heart Foundation
didn't come out and say,
1940
01:23:15,307 --> 01:23:16,331
"Sorry, we're wrong."
1941
01:23:16,331 --> 01:23:18,137
They just ignored it
as if it didn't happen
1942
01:23:18,137 --> 01:23:20,409
and they continued to
promote vegetable oils
1943
01:23:20,409 --> 01:23:22,650
and poly-unsaturated fats.
1944
01:23:22,650 --> 01:23:23,604
- If that had been published,
1945
01:23:23,604 --> 01:23:26,973
almost certainly what we eat
today would be different.
1946
01:23:26,973 --> 01:23:28,455
- This is a reason for everyone
1947
01:23:28,455 --> 01:23:31,703
to be outraged beyond concern.
1948
01:23:33,109 --> 01:23:34,618
- Controlled clinical trials like
1949
01:23:34,618 --> 01:23:36,967
the Minnesota Coronary
Survey are considered
1950
01:23:36,967 --> 01:23:38,850
the gold standard of research.
1951
01:23:38,850 --> 01:23:40,989
The type of experiment
where you can control
1952
01:23:40,989 --> 01:23:44,420
every bite of food and
change just one thing,
1953
01:23:44,420 --> 01:23:45,844
like swapping butter for margarine
1954
01:23:45,844 --> 01:23:49,577
to find out if it has
an effect on our health.
1955
01:23:49,577 --> 01:23:52,125
But trials like these are expensive,
1956
01:23:52,125 --> 01:23:55,082
and some even considered unethical.
1957
01:23:55,082 --> 01:23:58,830
Cheaper observational
trials are far more common.
1958
01:23:58,830 --> 01:23:59,663
- [Interviewer] How many times have
1959
01:23:59,663 --> 01:24:01,120
you had oatmeal in the last year?
1960
01:24:02,620 --> 01:24:04,460
- I have no clue.
1961
01:24:04,460 --> 01:24:05,773
- Oh my gosh.
1962
01:24:08,041 --> 01:24:09,191
(interviewee laughs)
1963
01:24:09,191 --> 01:24:11,631
- [Dr. Hyman] Observational
trials often rely
1964
01:24:11,631 --> 01:24:13,436
on food frequency questionnaires
1965
01:24:13,436 --> 01:24:16,590
that rely on people's memories.
1966
01:24:16,590 --> 01:24:19,940
And people's memories aren't that great.
1967
01:24:19,940 --> 01:24:20,773
- [Interviewer] How many times have
1968
01:24:20,773 --> 01:24:22,233
you had orange juice in the last year?
1969
01:24:23,840 --> 01:24:25,210
- I wouldn't know a number.
1970
01:24:25,210 --> 01:24:26,213
- Last year?
1971
01:24:29,190 --> 01:24:30,370
- I'm gonna say...
1972
01:24:31,373 --> 01:24:36,373
- If I was to put a number
on it, upwards of 20?
1973
01:24:37,720 --> 01:24:39,260
- [Interviewer] In the
last year, 20 times?
1974
01:24:39,260 --> 01:24:40,720
- Oh yeah, yes.
- Okay.
1975
01:24:40,720 --> 01:24:43,640
So you think you've had it
only about two times a month?
1976
01:24:43,640 --> 01:24:45,600
- Oh, oh darn, yeah, you're right.
1977
01:24:45,600 --> 01:24:47,312
- I have no idea how many ounces...
1978
01:24:47,312 --> 01:24:49,790
- Well, if I had to break
it up into ounces...
1979
01:24:49,790 --> 01:24:51,154
- Probably about the same as you.
1980
01:24:51,154 --> 01:24:53,740
I don't know how many ounces.
1981
01:24:53,740 --> 01:24:54,900
- See what I mean?
1982
01:24:54,900 --> 01:24:57,137
Observational trials
generate unreliable data
1983
01:24:57,137 --> 01:24:58,850
and are the reason
1984
01:24:58,850 --> 01:25:03,055
why nutritional recommendations
constantly flip and flop.
1985
01:25:03,055 --> 01:25:05,440
Setting nutritional food policy based
1986
01:25:05,440 --> 01:25:07,950
on unreliable data is largely what got
1987
01:25:07,950 --> 01:25:11,240
us into this big fat mess.
1988
01:25:11,240 --> 01:25:12,073
- [Interviewer] How hard do you think
1989
01:25:12,073 --> 01:25:14,283
it is to remember what you ate?
1990
01:25:15,220 --> 01:25:19,287
- Impossible, unless you
have some ridiculous ability
1991
01:25:19,287 --> 01:25:22,610
to remember everything which nobody does.
1992
01:25:22,610 --> 01:25:24,593
Nobody remembers things accurately.
1993
01:25:29,640 --> 01:25:30,962
- [Dr. Hyman] No one person may represent
1994
01:25:30,962 --> 01:25:35,913
the antithesis of the low fat
diet better than Dave Asprey.
1995
01:25:37,360 --> 01:25:38,991
His company, Bulletproof has made
1996
01:25:38,991 --> 01:25:43,991
a morning ritual out of adding
spoonfuls of fat to coffee.
1997
01:25:44,470 --> 01:25:45,680
- [Dave] You take anywhere from a teaspoon
1998
01:25:45,680 --> 01:25:49,180
to a tablespoon of grass-fed butter.
1999
01:25:49,180 --> 01:25:50,862
- [Dr. Hyman] Add to
that a few more teaspoons
2000
01:25:50,862 --> 01:25:53,107
of purified coconut oil.
2001
01:25:53,107 --> 01:25:56,206
- And then add your brewed black coffee,
2002
01:25:56,206 --> 01:26:01,206
(coffee splashing)
(upbeat music)
2003
01:26:01,824 --> 01:26:02,755
and you blend it.
2004
01:26:02,755 --> 01:26:05,672
(blender whirring)
2005
01:26:09,720 --> 01:26:12,700
You can see, it looks an
awful lot like a latte.
2006
01:26:12,700 --> 01:26:15,270
You drink this you're just not
hungry for hours and hours,
2007
01:26:15,270 --> 01:26:16,330
and you're energized in a way
2008
01:26:16,330 --> 01:26:19,170
that you'll never get
from a piece of toast.
2009
01:26:19,170 --> 01:26:20,870
- [Dr. Hyman] It was
through his own discovery
2010
01:26:20,870 --> 01:26:23,958
of a high fat, low carb
diet that Dave Asprey lost
2011
01:26:23,958 --> 01:26:28,958
more than 100 pounds and he's
kept it off for 10 years.
2012
01:26:29,040 --> 01:26:32,060
- In 2004, after I lost
a bunch of the weight
2013
01:26:32,060 --> 01:26:34,440
I wanted to lose, I decided to go to Tibet
2014
01:26:34,440 --> 01:26:36,111
to learn meditation from the masters.
2015
01:26:36,111 --> 01:26:38,683
And I'm at 18,000 feet elevation
2016
01:26:38,683 --> 01:26:41,370
in a very remote part of Tibet.
2017
01:26:41,370 --> 01:26:44,250
10 degrees below zero,
30 mile an hour winds,
2018
01:26:44,250 --> 01:26:45,590
and I'm feeling kind of wrecked
2019
01:26:45,590 --> 01:26:47,210
'cause there's no air and it's cold.
2020
01:26:47,210 --> 01:26:49,490
And this little Tibetan
woman gave me a bowl
2021
01:26:49,490 --> 01:26:52,490
of yak butter tea, which is
yak butter, mixed with tea,
2022
01:26:52,490 --> 01:26:53,453
and a pinch of salt.
2023
01:26:53,453 --> 01:26:55,050
All right, fine, I'm hungry.
2024
01:26:55,050 --> 01:26:55,883
I drank it.
2025
01:26:55,883 --> 01:26:57,770
It didn't taste great,
it didn't taste bad.
2026
01:26:57,770 --> 01:27:01,217
But a minute later I'm
like, "I feel really good.
2027
01:27:01,217 --> 01:27:03,487
"In fact, I haven't
felt this good in days.
2028
01:27:03,487 --> 01:27:04,580
"What is happening?"
2029
01:27:04,580 --> 01:27:06,337
And I wrote a little note in
my journal, how could this be?
2030
01:27:06,337 --> 01:27:08,140
And that day, I had another 20 cups of it,
2031
01:27:08,140 --> 01:27:10,069
and I just felt like I got my life back.
2032
01:27:10,069 --> 01:27:11,367
- [Dr. Hyman] Dave came back to the States
2033
01:27:11,367 --> 01:27:15,890
and adapted his yak butter
tea experience to coffee.
2034
01:27:15,890 --> 01:27:18,180
Bulletproof is now a multi
million dollar company
2035
01:27:18,180 --> 01:27:20,180
which Dave operates alongside his small,
2036
01:27:20,180 --> 01:27:24,400
organic farm where he grows
grass-fed sheep and pigs.
2037
01:27:24,400 --> 01:27:26,113
- Hey guys, hey Riley.
2038
01:27:27,200 --> 01:27:28,307
- [Dr. Hyman] Dave believes the quality
2039
01:27:28,307 --> 01:27:31,150
of the fats we consume is critical.
2040
01:27:31,150 --> 01:27:32,500
- If you're not sure whether fats
2041
01:27:32,500 --> 01:27:33,940
are good or bad, it's okay.
2042
01:27:33,940 --> 01:27:35,660
Some fats are bad, and some fats are good.
2043
01:27:35,660 --> 01:27:36,901
No wonder it's confusing.
2044
01:27:36,901 --> 01:27:40,378
Short version, grass-fed
butter, egg yolks,
2045
01:27:40,378 --> 01:27:45,310
coconut oil, avocados, olive oil.
2046
01:27:45,310 --> 01:27:46,940
Those are the good fats.
2047
01:27:46,940 --> 01:27:48,004
- [Dr. Hyman] While
there is much debate over
2048
01:27:48,004 --> 01:27:51,090
the role played by animal
agriculture in climate change,
2049
01:27:51,090 --> 01:27:53,732
raising grass-fed animals
on organic pastures
2050
01:27:53,732 --> 01:27:56,940
like Dave's actually helps capture carbon
2051
01:27:56,940 --> 01:28:00,474
and can be a sustainable piece
of the climate's solution.
2052
01:28:00,474 --> 01:28:03,000
- And the meat you eat
must be higher quality.
2053
01:28:03,000 --> 01:28:04,920
And guess what high quality animals make?
2054
01:28:04,920 --> 01:28:06,180
High quality poop.
2055
01:28:06,180 --> 01:28:07,370
Guess what high quality poop makes?
2056
01:28:07,370 --> 01:28:08,407
High quality vegetables.
2057
01:28:08,407 --> 01:28:10,650
The vegetables you're
eating that don't come
2058
01:28:10,650 --> 01:28:13,586
from farms like this are
vegetables devoid of nutrients
2059
01:28:13,586 --> 01:28:16,702
and if we allow that to continue,
there will be no topsoil.
2060
01:28:16,702 --> 01:28:19,620
This is how you make topsoil.
2061
01:28:19,620 --> 01:28:21,170
And the Tibetans figured
out a long time ago,
2062
01:28:21,170 --> 01:28:23,160
saturated fat helps your brain.
2063
01:28:23,160 --> 01:28:24,490
They were using it for meditation,
2064
01:28:24,490 --> 01:28:26,770
they were using it to
help their metabolism work
2065
01:28:26,770 --> 01:28:29,101
in very harsh conditions
that are high stress.
2066
01:28:29,101 --> 01:28:31,500
So it's time to throw away the seed oils.
2067
01:28:31,500 --> 01:28:33,356
They are not fit for human consumption.
2068
01:28:33,356 --> 01:28:36,820
If you're eating bad fats,
it's going to kill you.
2069
01:28:36,820 --> 01:28:38,278
And this is where The
American Heart Association,
2070
01:28:38,278 --> 01:28:41,340
and the American Diabetes
Association just got it wrong.
2071
01:28:41,340 --> 01:28:42,741
They told you to eat bad fats because
2072
01:28:42,741 --> 01:28:46,740
of industrial interests and
it's time that we change that.
2073
01:28:46,740 --> 01:28:48,763
The science is very, very clear.
2074
01:28:49,650 --> 01:28:50,483
- Yeah, it's--
2075
01:28:50,483 --> 01:28:52,328
- So how much weight have you lost total?
2076
01:28:52,328 --> 01:28:53,750
- I, 30 pounds.
2077
01:28:53,750 --> 01:28:54,583
- That's great.
- Yeah.
2078
01:28:54,583 --> 01:28:57,930
And my goal was 50, so I
think it's very doable.
2079
01:28:57,930 --> 01:29:00,250
- [Dr. Gallager] And you're
down another five pounds.
2080
01:29:00,250 --> 01:29:01,083
- I am?
2081
01:29:01,083 --> 01:29:01,916
- Yeah.
2082
01:29:01,916 --> 01:29:02,910
- Yay!
- Yeah.
2083
01:29:02,910 --> 01:29:04,525
- [Dr. Hyman] In two
months Judi has lost weight
2084
01:29:04,525 --> 01:29:08,330
and cut her insulin medications by 60%.
2085
01:29:08,330 --> 01:29:10,703
- I think you have to look inside yourself
2086
01:29:10,703 --> 01:29:15,190
and just determine that nobody
2087
01:29:15,190 --> 01:29:17,593
is gonna take care of
you the way that you can.
2088
01:29:17,593 --> 01:29:20,535
I don't feel like anyone could
2089
01:29:20,535 --> 01:29:23,175
go wrong with making an attempt at this
2090
01:29:23,175 --> 01:29:25,553
but you can't attempt it for a week.
2091
01:29:25,553 --> 01:29:28,790
You have to set your mind and set yourself
2092
01:29:28,790 --> 01:29:32,592
to it for a period of time.
2093
01:29:32,592 --> 01:29:34,698
- [Dr. Hyman] Judi is
inspired by thousands
2094
01:29:34,698 --> 01:29:37,651
of other patients who
reversed their Type 2 diabetes
2095
01:29:37,651 --> 01:29:40,708
getting off all medications
with a high fat,
2096
01:29:40,708 --> 01:29:42,770
low carb nutrition plan.
2097
01:29:42,770 --> 01:29:46,784
- We reversed my Type 2
Diabetes, after one month.
2098
01:29:46,784 --> 01:29:48,210
I couldn't be prouder.
2099
01:29:48,210 --> 01:29:49,835
No more insulin injections for me,
2100
01:29:49,835 --> 01:29:52,560
and no more metformin, and even statins.
2101
01:29:52,560 --> 01:29:54,396
- I completely reversed
2102
01:29:54,396 --> 01:29:57,802
my Type 2 Diabetes in just three months.
2103
01:29:57,802 --> 01:30:02,730
Before I changed my diet,
I weighed 212 pounds.
2104
01:30:02,730 --> 01:30:07,151
Now I weigh 165 pounds and
I take zero medications.
2105
01:30:07,151 --> 01:30:11,147
- Before I started, I
weighed about 265 pounds,
2106
01:30:11,147 --> 01:30:13,600
I now weigh 130 pounds.
2107
01:30:13,600 --> 01:30:15,790
Now I can enjoy my family,
2108
01:30:15,790 --> 01:30:20,070
I can do everything that you
should do to live a life.
2109
01:30:20,070 --> 01:30:22,037
It's just been a total change.
2110
01:30:22,037 --> 01:30:27,037
- I have seen so many individual
transformative patients,
2111
01:30:28,776 --> 01:30:32,947
what an honor that is to share
that journey with a patient.
2112
01:30:32,947 --> 01:30:37,888
- I feel like if a
person just is determined
2113
01:30:37,888 --> 01:30:42,380
and sets their goals that there
isn't anything you can't do.
2114
01:30:42,380 --> 01:30:44,450
You just have to decide that feeling good
2115
01:30:44,450 --> 01:30:46,012
and being healthy is more important than
2116
01:30:46,012 --> 01:30:48,470
the things you used to like to eat.
2117
01:30:48,470 --> 01:30:50,050
It isn't very long before
2118
01:30:50,050 --> 01:30:52,702
your tastes change and you really like it.
2119
01:30:52,702 --> 01:30:56,140
(food sizzling)
2120
01:30:56,140 --> 01:30:58,230
- When I first started exploring low-carb,
2121
01:30:58,230 --> 01:30:59,301
I tried to keep it very quiet
2122
01:30:59,301 --> 01:31:01,870
because it had been and maybe still is
2123
01:31:01,870 --> 01:31:04,700
a very controversial subject.
2124
01:31:04,700 --> 01:31:06,161
In other countries dietitians were losing
2125
01:31:06,161 --> 01:31:09,160
their licensure over practicing low-carb,
2126
01:31:09,160 --> 01:31:10,601
let alone medical doctors as well.
2127
01:31:10,601 --> 01:31:14,600
- Professor Noakes, on a charge
of unprofessional conduct,
2128
01:31:14,600 --> 01:31:17,929
the majority of this
committee find you not guilty.
2129
01:31:17,929 --> 01:31:20,780
(court applauding)
2130
01:31:20,780 --> 01:31:22,081
- [Dr. Hyman] The
controversy over low carb
2131
01:31:22,081 --> 01:31:24,895
may be slowly, quietly changing.
2132
01:31:24,895 --> 01:31:28,240
In the long drawn out
case of Dr. Tim Noakes,
2133
01:31:28,240 --> 01:31:30,970
the final ruling found in his favor.
2134
01:31:30,970 --> 01:31:32,270
- So as far as we're concerned,
2135
01:31:32,270 --> 01:31:34,735
we made the point that this diet is safe.
2136
01:31:34,735 --> 01:31:37,059
That's all we really set out to do.
2137
01:31:37,059 --> 01:31:41,460
- The low carb, ketogenic diet
is a low inflammation diet.
2138
01:31:41,460 --> 01:31:42,663
- [Dr. Hyman] More and
more brave practitioners
2139
01:31:42,663 --> 01:31:45,000
are going against the dietary guidelines
2140
01:31:45,000 --> 01:31:47,273
to help their patients find better health.
2141
01:31:47,273 --> 01:31:50,620
Like Brian Lenzkes, who also
teaches low carb nutrition
2142
01:31:50,620 --> 01:31:52,202
classes at his church.
2143
01:31:52,202 --> 01:31:53,984
So far, Brian's congregation
2144
01:31:53,984 --> 01:31:56,987
has lost more than 2,000 pounds.
2145
01:31:56,987 --> 01:32:00,180
- Our results are in purple here.
2146
01:32:00,180 --> 01:32:01,050
Low carb.
2147
01:32:01,050 --> 01:32:02,130
- [Dr. Hyman] The two year findings
2148
01:32:02,130 --> 01:32:04,109
from Sarah Hallberg's clinical trial show
2149
01:32:04,109 --> 01:32:06,950
that a low carb, high fat diet is equally
2150
01:32:06,950 --> 01:32:08,368
as effective as bariatric surgery
2151
01:32:08,368 --> 01:32:11,410
in reversing Type 2 diabetes.
2152
01:32:11,410 --> 01:32:13,618
- So your assessment of the vilification
2153
01:32:13,618 --> 01:32:16,993
of saturated fat after your
experience in this trial?
2154
01:32:16,993 --> 01:32:19,252
- Well, I'll tell you, what we say is that
2155
01:32:19,252 --> 01:32:22,549
we do not restrict saturated
fat in these patients,
2156
01:32:22,549 --> 01:32:26,459
and yet they're having
these remarkable results.
2157
01:32:26,459 --> 01:32:28,580
- [Dr. Hyman] In April of 2019,
2158
01:32:28,580 --> 01:32:30,087
the American Diabetes Association
2159
01:32:30,087 --> 01:32:32,969
issued an update to its
long standing position
2160
01:32:32,969 --> 01:32:37,969
that diets lower than 130 grams
of carbs a day are unsafe.
2161
01:32:38,560 --> 01:32:41,888
- I was thrilled, it felt
like Christmas morning to me.
2162
01:32:41,888 --> 01:32:44,192
It was the very first time in writing
2163
01:32:44,192 --> 01:32:46,052
from a huge organization that said
2164
01:32:46,052 --> 01:32:47,669
what I was doing was okay.
2165
01:32:47,669 --> 01:32:49,953
What I was doing was an approach
2166
01:32:49,953 --> 01:32:52,761
that was helping my patients.
2167
01:32:52,761 --> 01:32:56,050
And while it was something
that I have known for years,
2168
01:32:56,050 --> 01:32:58,040
it was the first time I felt safe.
2169
01:32:58,040 --> 01:32:59,800
It was the first time I felt safe
2170
01:32:59,800 --> 01:33:02,220
to give these recommendations.
2171
01:33:02,220 --> 01:33:05,100
- [Dr. Hyman] In 2015
after more than 50 years
2172
01:33:05,100 --> 01:33:08,026
of condemning foods like
eggs, lobster and shrimp,
2173
01:33:08,026 --> 01:33:11,014
the American Heart
Association quietly dropped
2174
01:33:11,014 --> 01:33:12,603
their long standing recommendation
2175
01:33:12,603 --> 01:33:14,858
against dietary cholesterol saying
2176
01:33:14,858 --> 01:33:18,633
it's no longer a nutrient of concern.
2177
01:33:18,633 --> 01:33:22,120
That same year, the U.S.
Dietary Guidelines Committee
2178
01:33:22,120 --> 01:33:25,164
removed the cap on
dietary fat consumption,
2179
01:33:25,164 --> 01:33:27,250
admitting there's no evidence
2180
01:33:27,250 --> 01:33:29,757
that eating fat is bad for health.
2181
01:33:29,757 --> 01:33:33,320
But the cap on saturated fat remains.
2182
01:33:33,320 --> 01:33:35,117
- The hypothesis that saturated fats
2183
01:33:35,117 --> 01:33:38,224
are bad for health has been
the most tested hypothesis
2184
01:33:38,224 --> 01:33:40,840
in the history of nutrition science.
2185
01:33:40,840 --> 01:33:43,340
There has been no hypothesis
that has been more tested.
2186
01:33:43,340 --> 01:33:47,500
Some 75,000 people, 65,000
somewhere in that range,
2187
01:33:47,500 --> 01:33:48,688
depending on which studies you include,
2188
01:33:48,688 --> 01:33:51,890
and none of them could
show that saturated fats
2189
01:33:51,890 --> 01:33:55,623
had any effect on total or
cardiovascular mortality.
2190
01:33:57,041 --> 01:33:58,561
There's no evidence for it.
2191
01:33:58,561 --> 01:34:01,471
- [Dr. Hyman] Even so the
American Heart Association
2192
01:34:01,471 --> 01:34:04,100
who takes much of its
funding from big food
2193
01:34:04,100 --> 01:34:06,286
and big pharma continues to stand behind
2194
01:34:06,286 --> 01:34:09,209
its long held position that saturated fats
2195
01:34:09,209 --> 01:34:10,777
are the cause of heart disease
2196
01:34:10,777 --> 01:34:14,600
and that refined vegetable
oils are heart healthy.
2197
01:34:14,600 --> 01:34:18,460
- But there is so much
politics and so much money,
2198
01:34:18,460 --> 01:34:21,860
and big pharma and the sugar industry
2199
01:34:23,700 --> 01:34:26,810
behind trying to keep those guidelines
2200
01:34:26,810 --> 01:34:27,942
as they are right now.
2201
01:34:27,942 --> 01:34:31,993
I feel like eventually
they will change, but when?
2202
01:34:31,993 --> 01:34:33,910
It could be 50 years.
2203
01:34:33,910 --> 01:34:35,052
- We can't wait 50 years.
2204
01:34:35,052 --> 01:34:40,052
Millions of people have died
already because of this mess.
2205
01:34:41,170 --> 01:34:43,240
- [Dr. Hyman] Doug Reynolds
isn't waiting any longer.
2206
01:34:43,240 --> 01:34:45,790
His company, LowCarb USA is partnering
2207
01:34:45,790 --> 01:34:47,810
with dozens of physicians, nutritionists
2208
01:34:47,810 --> 01:34:49,780
and dieticians to create a set of global,
2209
01:34:49,780 --> 01:34:52,470
clinical guidelines that
teach medical professionals
2210
01:34:52,470 --> 01:34:56,071
how to safely and effectively
practice low carb nutrition.
2211
01:34:56,071 --> 01:34:57,720
- Now It gives a lot of them confidence
2212
01:34:57,720 --> 01:35:01,590
to maybe start implementing
it in their practice,
2213
01:35:01,590 --> 01:35:04,639
where before, they weren't
quite sure how to do it
2214
01:35:04,639 --> 01:35:08,630
or they were afraid that other
doctors weren't doing it.
2215
01:35:08,630 --> 01:35:09,501
Now, they're actually following
2216
01:35:09,501 --> 01:35:12,120
some kind of set of guidelines.
2217
01:35:12,120 --> 01:35:12,953
- [Dr. Hyman] And what about
2218
01:35:12,953 --> 01:35:15,049
the official dietary
guidelines for Americans?
2219
01:35:15,049 --> 01:35:17,132
The three main eating patterns recommended
2220
01:35:17,132 --> 01:35:20,305
by the USDA all feature more than 50%
2221
01:35:20,305 --> 01:35:23,464
of daily calories as carbohydrates.
2222
01:35:23,464 --> 01:35:25,224
According to the dietary guidelines,
2223
01:35:25,224 --> 01:35:29,816
low carbohydrate, high fat
diets are still not an option.
2224
01:35:29,816 --> 01:35:32,100
- It smells so good.
2225
01:35:32,100 --> 01:35:35,189
- In 2017, the National Academy
of Sciences and Medicine
2226
01:35:35,189 --> 01:35:37,942
perform the first ever
outside scientific review
2227
01:35:37,942 --> 01:35:39,935
of the U.S. dietary guidelines
2228
01:35:39,935 --> 01:35:42,922
and found that the process
lacked transparency
2229
01:35:42,922 --> 01:35:44,694
and scientific rigor.
2230
01:35:44,694 --> 01:35:47,562
Recommending a signal dietary pattern
2231
01:35:47,562 --> 01:35:51,127
to an entire population
was a huge mistake.
2232
01:35:51,127 --> 01:35:54,045
Not only did the low fat diet not work,
2233
01:35:54,045 --> 01:35:59,045
it did us harm and resulted in
greater obesity and disease.
2234
01:35:59,585 --> 01:36:02,169
The lesson of the low fat diet may be
2235
01:36:02,169 --> 01:36:05,463
that nutrition science is deeply flawed
2236
01:36:05,463 --> 01:36:07,920
and our nation's dietary guidelines
2237
01:36:07,920 --> 01:36:10,184
have been heavily influenced
by the food industry
2238
01:36:10,184 --> 01:36:13,410
and the enormous amount of money at stake.
2239
01:36:13,410 --> 01:36:14,860
- What we are living now is just
2240
01:36:14,860 --> 01:36:16,323
so completely unsustainable.
2241
01:36:16,323 --> 01:36:18,453
These unsustainable rates of obesity
2242
01:36:18,453 --> 01:36:20,545
and diabetes were bankrupting our nation,
2243
01:36:20,545 --> 01:36:22,925
it's destroying people's lives,
2244
01:36:22,925 --> 01:36:27,660
it's destroying our
country, and it has to stop.
2245
01:36:27,660 --> 01:36:29,270
- We are not treating the disease,
2246
01:36:29,270 --> 01:36:31,371
we're treating the
symptoms of the disease.
2247
01:36:31,371 --> 01:36:33,344
And so it should be of no surprise
2248
01:36:33,344 --> 01:36:35,502
to anyone that we're not getting better.
2249
01:36:35,502 --> 01:36:37,962
And we're not going to get better
2250
01:36:37,962 --> 01:36:41,322
until we recognize what
the real problem is.
2251
01:36:41,322 --> 01:36:45,300
If we changed the food, we
could solve this problem.
2252
01:36:45,300 --> 01:36:48,170
- [Tracy] We get so many mixed
messages about diet and--
2253
01:36:48,170 --> 01:36:49,579
- Does the government have a role
2254
01:36:49,579 --> 01:36:51,490
in telling people how to eat?
2255
01:36:51,490 --> 01:36:53,249
- We kind of have to find
what really works for us
2256
01:36:53,249 --> 01:36:56,054
but we still need to know the truth.
2257
01:36:56,054 --> 01:36:57,520
- It's a fascinating question
2258
01:36:57,520 --> 01:36:59,062
that has a lot of different opinions.
2259
01:36:59,062 --> 01:37:02,004
And certainly, the past 30, 40 years
2260
01:37:02,004 --> 01:37:04,139
of experience would say, no,
2261
01:37:04,139 --> 01:37:06,410
they probably shouldn't be in that role.
2262
01:37:06,410 --> 01:37:08,222
- The people at the top
are not going to change,
2263
01:37:08,222 --> 01:37:11,103
so we have to get this going
as a bottom up revolution
2264
01:37:11,103 --> 01:37:14,393
and get more and more people
on board until they're shamed
2265
01:37:14,393 --> 01:37:16,200
into changing the guidelines
2266
01:37:16,200 --> 01:37:20,276
because the swell of the
population is just ignoring them.
2267
01:37:20,276 --> 01:37:22,817
- The change is coming from the people,
2268
01:37:22,817 --> 01:37:24,682
because they've changed.
2269
01:37:24,682 --> 01:37:28,321
They're forcing the doctors
to change if we can change
2270
01:37:28,321 --> 01:37:31,569
the medical profession, I
think we'll do something.
2271
01:37:31,569 --> 01:37:34,552
- If you're pre diabetic
or Type 2 diabetic,
2272
01:37:34,552 --> 01:37:37,834
there is a way out, a
path forward to health
2273
01:37:37,834 --> 01:37:41,436
and vitality to fewer
drugs and more energy.
2274
01:37:41,436 --> 01:37:43,190
You can get your life back
2275
01:37:43,190 --> 01:37:46,760
and all you have to do is eat real food.
2276
01:37:46,760 --> 01:37:48,257
- If somebody has Type 2 diabetes,
2277
01:37:48,257 --> 01:37:50,663
they can go online right now,
2278
01:37:50,663 --> 01:37:52,750
they can watch your movie,
2279
01:37:52,750 --> 01:37:54,360
they can read up on something,
2280
01:37:54,360 --> 01:37:59,360
they can buy a book and start
reversing their disease today.
2281
01:38:00,712 --> 01:38:03,440
- What I see on a day-to-day basis
2282
01:38:03,440 --> 01:38:05,670
with my individual patients as well
2283
01:38:05,670 --> 01:38:08,300
as my own family and my own friends,
2284
01:38:08,300 --> 01:38:11,778
I think it's missed in
some of this research,
2285
01:38:11,778 --> 01:38:14,323
and what that is is freedom.
2286
01:38:16,770 --> 01:38:19,173
It's freedom from being hangry.
2287
01:38:20,510 --> 01:38:22,790
It's freedom from cravings.
2288
01:38:22,790 --> 01:38:25,085
It's freedom from headaches.
2289
01:38:25,085 --> 01:38:25,940
- Whoa!
2290
01:38:25,940 --> 01:38:28,450
- [Dr. Gallager] It's freedom
from reactive hypoglycemia.
2291
01:38:28,450 --> 01:38:29,947
It's freedom from mood swings.
2292
01:38:29,947 --> 01:38:32,643
It's better quality of sleep.
2293
01:38:34,310 --> 01:38:36,073
It's better quality of life.
2294
01:38:37,550 --> 01:38:38,517
- I feel great.
2295
01:38:38,517 --> 01:38:40,110
(bicycle bell dings)
2296
01:38:40,110 --> 01:38:41,380
I feel really good.
2297
01:38:41,380 --> 01:38:42,213
Hi girls.
2298
01:38:42,213 --> 01:38:47,128
(upbeat music)
(birds chirping)
2299
01:38:51,621 --> 01:38:54,204
(gentle music)
2300
01:39:25,080 --> 01:39:27,830
(dramatic music)
2301
01:41:02,542 --> 01:41:05,125
(gentle music)
173412
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