All language subtitles for BBC.Parenthood.4of5.Freshwater.1080p.x265.AAC.MVGroup.org.mkv_1080p.en

(bright music)

(bright music continues)

(shell cracking)

(hatchlings squeaking)

(gentle music)

- [David] Deep underground
Amazon turtle hatchlings

are waiting for rain.

(thunder rumbling)

They need just the right amount

to soften the sand to dig
themselves free.

(gentle music)

Their mothers are waiting
nearby in the river.

(thunder rumbling)

Too little rain, and they will
be trapped.

Too much, and they will drown.

(bright music)

(water splashing)

Life cannot exist without water,

but too much or too
little can be disastrous

and it can change in an instant,

if they are to succeed.

In spite of fresh
water's constant changes,

parents everywhere must adapt.

(birds squawking)

In the Amazon's dry season,
huge sandbanks appear.

In three months time, the
annual rains will return

and submerge the banks once
more.

(water gurgling)

Now, is the giant Amazon river
turtle's

opportunity to lay eggs,

but she must get the timing
right.

Other turtle mothers are
gathering,

waiting to lay their eggs.

(bright music)

This is the biggest gathering

of fresh water turtles on the
planet.

(sand rustling)

The exposed banks remind the
females

that now is the right time to
nest.

When one finds a place that
suits her,

she lays nearly 100 eggs a
metre beneath the surface.

(sand rustling)
(bright music)

She has made her best guess

as to the right time to nest
this year.

(water splashing)

Now, she needs the rain
to match her predictions.

(insects chirping)

Six weeks pass, the sun has
baked the sand

above the eggs into a protective
crust,

but the rain clouds arrive
early.

(ominous music)

(birds chirping)

In two of the past five years,

early rain drowned most of the
hatchlings.

(water splashing)
(thunder roaring)

This is not good.

(suspenseful music)

As the rain falls, the
river starts to rise.

(water splashing)

The babies have hatched,

but they can't yet dig
themselves free.

First, they must wait,

while they absorb part of their
yolk sack.

(thunder rumbling)

The river continues to rise,

and before the eggs have all
hatched,

some nests start to flood.

(water splashing)

The sand is getting more
and more waterlogged.

(water splashing)
(suspenseful music)

They can't wait any longer.

(hatchlings squeaking)

(sand rustling)

(gentle music)

Three days after hatching,

the baby turtles see
sunlight for the first time,

but their mother's job is not
done yet.

Waiting offshore, they call.

It seems as if the mother's song

guides the hatchlings to
safety amongst the adults.

(sand rustling)
(uplifting music)

(birds chirping)

(uplifting music continues)

This year, many mothers
got their timing right,

and over 2 million hatchlings
emerge.

(uplifting music continues)

(uplifting music continues)

(sand rustling)

(hatchlings squeaking)

As the hatchlings join
their mothers in the water,

they add their voices to the
chorus.

(hatchlings squeaking)

When fresh water flows are
reliable,

parents are able to give their
young

an excellent start in life.

But even when water levels are
stable,

they may still be dangers
for young animals.

(birds chirping)

(suspenseful music)

(water splashing)

In a steaming swamp in South
Carolina,

hungry mouths gather
around the perfect home

for a family of swamp canaries.

(birds chirping)

These parents have
chosen an excellent site,

a slim tree surrounded by water.

(gentle music)

Nests like these are difficult
to reach

from land, water, or air for
anything, but a small bird.

Useful to protect baby chicks.

(birds chirping)
(wings fluttering)

Up to seven of them in a nest.

(pensive music)

As well as feeding their young,

the parents keep their nests
clean

by removing the chicks
droppings in poo bags.

(pensive music)

(birds chirping)

Caring for as many chicks
as this is a two-bird job.

(suspenseful music)

(chicks chirping)

(wings fluttering)

(suspenseful music continues)

A small nest may be safe,

but chicks can quickly
grow too big for it.

Leaving their tower will require
them

to take their first flight,

but the moat around their
castle is now a major obstacle.

Predators lurk waiting for an
easy meal.

(ominous music)

It is at least 10 metres
from the nearest tree.

Ready or not, time to leave the
nest.

(wings fluttering)
(birds chirping)

The first hatched are the
strongest, and they lead the
way.

Later hatched chicks
are smaller and weaker.

(ominous music)

(wings fluttering)

(water splashing)

The water is no place for a
chick,

but there's nothing his parents
can do.

(water splashing)

Although he's made it to the
tree, he's still in danger.

But now, his parents can help,

using rewards.

(suspenseful music)

Bit by bit they coax him higher.

(wings fluttering)

Just a few more steps.

(wings fluttering)

There now, he's out of immediate
danger.

His parents coax the rest of the
chicks

to safe hiding places all over
the swamp.

They will continue to feed their
chicks for five more weeks.

Large expanses of fresh
water can be dangerous.

Small pools like this one away
from the main Amazon River

are safer for young animals.

The centre is open and clear,

and the edges provide
plenty of hiding places.

Excellent for a family of
cichlids,

provided that the parents
can work together.

(suspenseful music)

A carefully chosen rock
in the centre of the pool

camouflages the eggs.

They are starting to hatch.

Wriggling tails however
could attract attention,

(playful music)

but the mother gently picks them
up

and puts them out of sight under
a leaf.

Father does his best to help,

but he's getting in her way.

While mother is collecting more
eggs,

she turns around to find that
her partner is at it again.

Caught in the act.

She clearly wants to
finish the job herself.

(gentle upbeat music)

Working alone, mother gets

every last wriggler tucked away
safely,

but she will need father's help

when their wrigglers become
swimmers.

Now, both parents must
guide their offspring

to the edge of the pool
where there's more cover.

First step, navigate through
a shoal of curimbata.

It's a job that requires two
adults.

(suspenseful music)

So, now it's father's chance to
help.

(suspenseful music)

They've made it, all fry
accounted for,

but they've hit yet another
roadblock.

Cichlids are very territorial

and this family has drifted
into someone else's patch.

Their neighbour has turned dark

showing that he really wants
them gone.

(ominous music)

Worse, he might also be hungry

and regard the fry as a welcome
snack.

(suspenseful music)

By coordinating their
attack, they win the fight.

Finally united, they can
continue to their new home.

It's exactly what they need.

The fry can practise swimming
in the springs bubbles,

and there are plenty of hiding
places.

(gentle upbeat music)

Together, the cichlids have made
the most

of all this pool has to
offer their young family.

(birds chirping)

In the jungle, there are
fresh water pools everywhere,

in leaves, fonts, and holes in
trees.

(bright music)

But pools can have problems.

Big ones are likely to attract
predators,

and small ones are likely to dry
out.

Parents must find the
pools that are just right.

Meet tinctorius, a poison dart
frog carrying his tadpole.

He needs a pool for it, and
quickly.

This palm leaf may be
convenient,

but it's shallow, and exposed,

and could dry out before
a tadpole could develop.

(gentle music)

So, although he leaves one here,

he continues his search for
accommodation

for his remaining three.

They are waiting in a leaf,

which will dry out if
left here much longer.

No time to waste.

One climbs immediately
onto its father's back.

To spread his bets, he
needs a different pool.

A hop, skip, and jump,

and he's found somewhere
deeper, but without much food.

He can still do better.

(water splashing)

Night falls and he still
needs to find two more pools.

(milk frog calling)

A call echoes through the
jungle.

(water gurgling)

A milk frog with his tadpoles.

His loud calls are invitations
to milk frog females

to lay their eggs in his pool.

Scientists believe that
when a male tinctorius

hears the calls of milk frog
fathers,

he may decide that the milk
frog's pool

would suit one of his tadpoles.

The next morning he sets out
again

with another tadpole on his
back.

(birds chirping)

There's only one problem.

(suspenseful music)

The milk frog's pool is 20
metres up.

Getting there with a tadpole on
his back

will be a long climb.

(suspenseful music continues)

(playful music)

Undeterred, he starts off again.

(suspenseful music)

It's a huge effort for the
sake of just one tadpole.

(dramatic music)

Made it, and he's not
bothered by the milk frog.

Not only will his offspring be
safe here,

it'll also have plenty to eat,

because milk frog tadpoles

are good food for tinctorius
tadpoles,

but he can't rest just yet.

He still has one last
tadpole, which needs a pool.

(suspenseful music)

(leaves rustling)

This dad will go to extreme
heights

to find the best pools for his
tadpoles.

(ominous music)

The Namibian desert,

here there is very little
water for miles around

except in the breast feathers
of this Namaqua sandgrouse.

They are specially adapted

to absorb up to 25 millilitres
of water,

and that enables his family

to nest in remote corners of the
desert.

But the chicks must drink

at least once every day to
survive.

So, father must fetch some for
them.

(gentle music)

Almost 20 miles from their nest,

a thin strip of green
indicates standing water.

The male sandgrouse flies to
this water hole every day.

(sandgrouse chirping)

Here he joins a flock of
other thirsty sandgrouse,

but they all know better than
to head straight to the water.

(wings fluttering)

First, they settle at a safe
distance.

(ominous music)

Hidden among the rocks,

the flocks' many eyes
scan for lurking threats,

because when fresh water is
rare,

it can be used by some as a
trap.

A lanner falcon, a booted
eagle, and an African hawk eagle

have all taken up positions
around the water hole.

(ominous music)

(sandgrouse chirping)

Despite the threats, some
sandgrouse

decide to take their chance.

Parents are vulnerable at the
water.

They need at least five minutes
in a pond

to saturate their feathers.

The more cautious birds wait to
see

what happens to the first group.

(ominous music)

(sandgrouse chirping)

The lanner picks a target.

(suspenseful music)

He misses.

The booted eagle sees her
chance.

(wings fluttering)
(sandgrouse chirping)

Together, they keep the flock in
the air,

a spectacle visible from all
around.

Especially, to a male
judging when it's safe

to collect water for his chicks.

(suspenseful music)
(sandgrouse chirping)

Birds of prey seldom stop,

(wings fluttering)

until they make a catch.

(sandgrouse chirping)

Even now going alone could be
fatal.

He must stick with the group.

(ominous music)

There's no one left in the air.

If the predators are
concentrating on eating,

now could be the sandgrouse's
opportunity,

(wings fluttering)

but they have overlooked
someone,

the hawk eagle.

To soak their feathers,

parents must wade deeper into
the pool.

(suspenseful music)

In their desperation for water,

no one notices the eagle's
approach.

(ominous music)
(wings fluttering)

(sandgrouse chirping)

The father must hold his nerve.

He has not yet collected enough
water.

(ominous music)

(water splashing)

Missed.

(uplifting music)
(wings fluttering)

This father wings his way home,

breast feathers fully loaded
with water.

He will have to repeat
this journey every day

for the next eight weeks

until his chicks are ready

to visit the water hole for
themselves.

(chicks chirping)

For now, they can enjoy a good
long drink.

The water's presence here

has enabled these parents to
succeed.

However, when fresh water isn't
reliable,

the journey to parenthood
itself can be laborious.

(waves rumbling)

In the Caribbean, five miles
upstream

lies a near perfect nursery
pool.

(water splashing)

Food here is plentiful

and the water tumbling
from the falls above

keeps it clear and oxygenated.

After five months at sea,

a tri tri goby has climbed 300
metres

to reach this pool and start a
family.

His partner is ready to lay her
eggs.

(playful music)

Pebbles arranged at the right
way

will alter the flow of the
current,

creating good conditions for
eggs.

(gravel shuffling)

His activities attract
attention.

(playful music)

Rival males are eager
to take over his nest.

He will have to fight, if
he's to become a father.

Good riddance,

but one thing he can't
fight is the weather.

(thunder rumbling)

A once in a lifetime storm is
brewing.

(water splashing)

(wind rustling)

(water splashing)

(waterfall rumbling)

Below the fall, the increase in
water

has turned the gentle
flow into a whirlpool.

(river rumbling)

The torrent has flushed
him miles back downstream,

but he still has a chance
to become a father,

if he can manage to climb once
again to his nursery pool.

He hasn't done anything like
this since he was a young fish,

and it shows.

(gentle music)

He's a lot bulkier than
when he was younger.

Climbing 300 metres again

won't be easy in his current
condition.

Juveniles with boundless
energy dart past him.

Other adults try and fail.

He pushes on, but the
closer he gets to his pool,

the stronger the current.

(waterfall rumbling)

(ominous music)

With one final push, he makes
it,

(playful music)

(gravel rustling)

but the pool is unrecognisable.

The storm has scattered all
his carefully selected pebbles.

So, he starts work to
create another nursery.

(gravel rustling)

If he is to become a parent
however, he will need stability.

When fresh water is not stable,
parents must quickly adapt

to ensure a future for their
young.

Thailand, these still waters
should offer

a secure foundation for the
family of a lily trotter.

(birds chirping)

Long toes spread his
weight across the lily pads

as he searches for insects
amongst the greenery,

but he also has a special and
urgent job.

(upbeat music)

He's building a floating nest.

A messy pile of pond
leaves will have to do.

He must hurry back to his egg.

He misguidedly built his first
nest

in the busiest part of the lake.

Boats come so close that
his egg risks being crushed.

He has decided to move to
a quieter neighbourhood.

(upbeat music)

Building a new nest was easy.

Moving an egg without hands,
was significantly harder.

Other lily trotters carried
their eggs with their beaks.

This one has adopted a different
method.

One, that takes a lot longer.

(upbeat music continues)

At last.

Now, he must settle his egg
into this perfect new home

in his perfect new
neighbourhood.

But in trying to avoid one
threat

he hasn't noticed another.

(wings fluttering)

Caterpillars have invaded
the lake almost overnight.

(sombre music)

They don't have any predators
here.

His precious chick has
hatched into devastation.

(sombre music)

The insects that live amongst
the lilies

are harder to find, let alone
catch,

and the caterpillars
are completely inedible.

His chick needs food.

Once again, he will have
to find somewhere better.

Lily trotters aren't built for
this,

but walking is their only
option.

The chick can't yet fly.

(sombre music)

(insects chirping)

These are the last remaining
lilies in the lake.

(sombre music)

It's not perfect,

but there are plenty of
insects for his chick.

Here it can thrive,

(water splashing)

(gentle music)

Lily trotters are not the only
parents

who must settle for less than
perfect in our changing world.

(wind rustling)

In East Africa, as the climate
heats,

rainfall is becoming less
predictable.

(elephant rumbling)

This elephant matriarch
has kept her family alive

throughout two years of drought.

(birds chirping)

She's leading them to the last
flowing water she knows of,

the Ewaso Nyiro River.

This is the only place for miles
around,

which still has any water
or food for grazing animals.

Until rain and good
grazing return elsewhere,

this is an oasis for the whole
family.

(elephants rumbling)

(water splashing)

(elephants trumpeting)

They haven't drunk for days.

This is a chance for a mother

to demonstrate good trunk
technique.

(water splashing)

Her calf certainly needs the
tutorial.

Step one, get water into your
trunk.

Step two, get water from
your trunk to your mouth.

(gentle music)

Sometimes it's easier to
take a more direct route.

These days spent in the cool
calm river,

are much needed relief for
the whole elephant family.

(elephants trumpeting)

(elephant rumbling)

But the elephants are not the
only travellers seeking refuge.

(sombre music)

(cattle bellowing)

(sombre music continues)

The elephant matriarch decides

that it's not safe enough for
trunk lessons to continue.

Wild elephants and human beings
usually avoid one another.

Each is too dangerous to the
other.

In this drought, however,
they have no choice,

but to share the river and
the grass until rain returns.

(bells ringing)
(cattle bellowing)

Weeks pass, herders and
elephants crisscross the river

in search of any grazing that
remains.

So many mouths to feed
takes a toll on the land

stripping it bare.

(sand rustling)

At last, the elephant matriarch

senses something familiar on the
horizon.

Rain is falling on the distant
mountains

that feed the river.

(elephant rumbling)

This should be a good sign,

but the hotter the air, the
more moisture it stores.

(thunder rumbling)

So, when after a long hot
drought rain finally comes,

there is much more of it.

The distant deluge runs
off the parched earth

and becomes a flash flood.

(river rumbling)

(cattle bellowing)

The herds have been caught out

split apart by the sudden flood.

(cattle bellowing)

The herders have no choice,

but to cross and keep
their livestock together.

The elephant family has
also been caught out

trapped on the wrong side of the
river.

(ominous music)

To follow the rain to fresh
grazing,

the matriarch must find a way to
cross,

while keeping the youngest safe.

(river rumbling)

She tests the current with her
trunk,

assessing whether or not

the youngest can manage the
crossing.

(elephant snorting)

The flow seems gently enough on
this side,

but the current run swifter
near the opposite bank.

(water splashing)

(elephant rumbling)

As the current gets faster,

the adults use their bodies
to shield the calves.

(suspenseful music)

As the family enters the
swiftest part of the river,

a calf loses its footing.

(calf snorting)

So far, the matriarch has
kept her family together,

but now, she has a decision to
make.

Press on towards fresh grazing

or turn back to keep her calves
safe.

(elephants rumbling)

She has decided the risks of
crossing

have become greater than
the pangs of hunger.

(gentle music)

The matriarch has protected
her youngest from this flood,

but as the world gets hotter,

droughts and floods are
becoming more intense.

(elephant trumpeting)

Destabilising life for parents
everywhere.

Already we are adapting to
changing fresh water patterns,

(cattle bellowing)

but we can choose to give

the next generation a better
future,

a world with more reliable fresh
water.

What a gift.

(river rumbling)

As the climate heats,

rainfall is becoming
less reliable everywhere.

There is often too much or too
little and at the wrong time.

A significant challenge
for the "Parenthood" crews,

while filming the series.

- We've got all kinds of
flooding

going on here in Paradise
Valley.

Unprecedented flooding, like 100
years

since we've had water
and levels this high.

- There's been a drought
here from since December

and we're now in April.

- And that's unusually different

than any as year I have seen.

Sounds like the water levels

are rising quicker than anyone
expected.

- Every day it's incrementally
getting hotter and hotter.

We haven't had rain in
the park for about a week

and there's no sign of it on the
horizon,

and we are actually, in the
middle of our rainy season.

- Yeah, this is a lot of rain.

Even for Amazonian standards,

it's beyond anything I've
seen this time of the year.

- [Speaker] It's a bit worrying
really.

The monsoon isn't actually,

meant to start for another
month.

- [David] In Northern Kenya,

the rain was especially hard to
predict.

The crew were hoping to film
elephants

in the height of the wet season,

but when they arrived, the
rains had not yet come.

(insects chirping)

East Africa was in the
grip of a historic drought

and the consequences for both
wildlife

and people became clear.

- Right. So, we've just been
filming a group of elephants

that were approaching their
river

and they just ran into
a big herd of cattle.

And quite literally, the cows
were blocking the elephants

from even crossing the river.

So, the elephants have
all just turned back.

- The reality now of filming is
one of

watching thousands of cattle

coming through an area
where elephants should be.

How do you deal with 10,000
cattle as an elephant?

It's a whole level of parenting
skills

that they're not equipped to
deal with.

- This herders, this pastoral
people,

although they're not
allowed to be in the park,

they just have no choice.

They're all competing
for that little resource.

It's a very difficult time.

- Everybody is looking
forward for green grass

and good food for the animal and
water.

So, everybody here is trying

maybe to look for a ways of
survival.

(birds chirping)

- [David] The lack of
fresh water and grass

has put both people and
elephants under immense
pressure.

- In the past, you know,
there was a big threat,

which was elephants being
killed for their ivory,

but today, we see things
shifting

into the composition
of space and resources

being the biggest challenge.

It's a conflict that results
into elephants being wounded

or elephants wounding people
or even killing people.

And hence, you know, that
also causing a lot of tension

between the two species.

- So, we got a dead elephant
here.

We don't know the cause of death
yet.

He was fine literally an hour
ago,

and then he's just collapsed.

Very, very sad to see an
elephant go like this.

Especially, a bull
who's not even that old.

He's just coming into his prime.

That's very sad.

- [David] Elephants are
astonishingly social.

A death in the community
can have a big impact.

- They just seems to be trying
to scent

and see what happened yesterday.

They're trying to
understand the situation.

(sombre music)

- [David] The elephants
returned day after day

to visit the body until
it was time to move on.

Drought and conflict are now

leaving many young
elephants without families.

Families who would normally
provide them

with protection and important
lessons.

So, in their absence,

the community is stepping into
parent orphaned elephants,

- A lot of babies that
have fallen into wells,

because of searching for
that precious resource,

you know, the water.

(elephant rumbling)

- But this baby here, she's
called Megus

and she came here as a result
of falling into a well.

When it is dry season,

sometimes they don't come
back for their babies.

So, her mother didn't come back,

and that's why we got
this little baby here.

When baby elephants are in the
bush,

they learn so many things
from their mothers,

from their family.

So, as keepers, we are also
teaching them some things.

(gentle music)

- [David] They teach them
which leaves are good to eat,

make sure they get enough to
drink,

and help them to have a good old
dust bath

just as their mothers would've
done.

- They move into our family.

What I like most is staying
with babies who are stressed,

because I know how to calm them
down.

Baby elephants like singing.

They like music, more so
they like pop music so much.

(keepers singing)

Reteti has started 2016 August.

Since the beginning, we have
released

10 baby elephants back to the
world.

The staffs that we have
here, it's 91 of them,

and all of them are from
the local community around.

(keepers speaking in foreign
language)

- Elephants have changed
the life of my community

through employment, through
education,

through women empowerment.

As they grow with your
friendship,
they never forget that.

Even when they're big, when they
hear you,

when they see you, they
give you some nice kisses.

Holding you like their own
family.

(gentle upbeat music)

I'm very privileged to
say I love elephants

and I wish to support them.

- [David] Reteti Elephant
Sanctuary

has demonstrated what great
benefits

can come from protecting
wildlife.

(elephant snorting)

While the climate changes
and resources dwindle,

every community can find ways
to support the natural world.

(birds chirping)

(uplifting music)

(uplifting music continues)