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(speaking in German)
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NARRATOR: Hitler's
darkest secrets...
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And most terrifying weapons...
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Lost below the
waves, until now.
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Imagine if we
could empty the oceans,
letting the water drain away
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to reveal the secrets
of the sea floor.
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Now we can.
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Using the latest underwater
scanning technology...
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Piercing the deep oceans...
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And turning accurate
data into 3D images.
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This time...
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was Australia's most
prized warship destroyed
by a Nazi secret weapon?
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What made this killer
U-boat invisible?
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And how close did Hitler come
to building an atomic bomb?
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(theme music plays)
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Hitler's ambition was global.
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As the waters of Northern
Europe drain away they reveal
evidence of the Nazis most
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terrifying weapon of all.
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Norway, Lake Tinn.
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How did a secret
operation here destroy
a Nazi nuclear dream?
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RUNAR: At the bottom,
there's this Nazi secret.
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No one can be sure
about what's down there.
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NARRATOR: During World War II,
Nazi scientists begin the race
to harness atomic power.
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-Hitler's dream
was to develop this
bomb that could really
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devastate and destroy London...
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turning the war in
the blink of a second.
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That was his dream.
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NARRATOR: But the Nazis
need a crucial ingredient
to make an atomic bomb.
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It's called heavy water.
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ERIC: Heavy water was a vital
component of the attempt
of the Germans to get their
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nuclear reactor to work.
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It's chemically hydrogen
but it's heavier,
it's twice the weight.
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NARRATOR: The world's largest
producer of heavy water
is near Lake Tinn in Norway.
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Vemork Power Plant,
once the world's largest
hydro-electric power station.
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It is this energy that
powers the creation of
the precious heavy water.
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April the 9th, 1940.
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Germany invades Norway.
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-The Nazis were eager to
get control of the heavy
water at the Vemork plant,
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due to the reason that they
wanted to use it as a cooling
aid in their nuclear reactor.
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In 1942 at the peak of the
production here at Vemork,
they produced as much as
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1,000 kilos of heavy water.
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NARRATOR: Over a ton is a
big step towards building
Hitler's first nuclear reactor.
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-It looked as if Germany
might well get a nuclear bomb
quickly and the Allies were
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obviously very
concerned about that.
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Churchill wanted the heavy
water plant to be destroyed.
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NARRATOR: Vemork Power Plant
becomes a priority target for
Allied air raids and sabotage.
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Damage like this eventually
forces the Nazis to safeguard
their stockpile of the
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precious commodity.
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February 20th, 1944.
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The Nazis plan to move almost
a year's output of heavy
water by train from Vemork.
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The carriages will cross
Lake Tinn by ferry.
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From here the cargo will
travel to Germany, to the
site of a nuclear reactor.
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Soldiers load around
40 barrels on to
railway carriages.
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The hydro ferry departs...
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But it never reaches
its destination.
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At 10:45 in the morning
it sinks, the cargo
tumbles into the water.
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27 people are rescued,
26 go down with the ferry,
mostly innocent civilians.
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For decades the
hydro ferry and her
secret wartime cargo lie
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hidden in the dark waters...
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until now.
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Fredrik Soreide is a
maritime archaeologist.
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He has studied this area
for over 20 years.
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FREDRIK: I'm standing on
the shores of Lake Tinn.
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It's a very dramatic
lake in Norway.
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It's got high mountains up
to 1,000 meters around it and
the lake is very deep so it
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actually goes down
to 460 meters.
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For decades this lake had a
big secret and to be able to
uncover that secret the whole
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lake had to be explored.
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NARRATOR: 1500 feet is too
deep for divers so Fredrik
works with an expert in
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remotely operated
vehicles, Thor-Olav Sperre.
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FREDRIK: So today we
have the remotely
operated vehicle.
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It is used to go down to
the shipwreck so that we
can film it and also make
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a lot of other interesting
documentation.
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NARRATOR: They're equipping
the ROV with the latest
multi-beam sonar technology,
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allowing them to probe
the darkest depths.
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THOR-OLAV: Take it up and
then we can load a new
profile and then start
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doing the other tests.
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-Yeah.
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NARRATOR: Multi-beam
sonar fires sound waves
to the lake floor.
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The return signal displays
the shape and depth
of the features beneath.
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-It becomes then a very
detailed image and that's
what we're looking at,
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that's what we want.
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NARRATOR: And Thor-Olav
knows where to look.
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He's been fascinated
by the story of the lost
ferry for years and he was
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one of the first
to find the wreck.
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Now, he's back,
with powerful new
scanning equipment and
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cameras that will finally give
him the most detailed record
of what's down there.
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Eventually a ghostly
shape looms into view.
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The icy depths of the
freshwater lake have preserved
the decades old secret.
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-Ah, there we go,
oh there it is.
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-I see the frame.
-Where are we now?
-On the starboard.
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-Very nice.
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-The super structure is
still standing there and
we can see a lot of things
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on board still.
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-Yeah. We're only 3 and
a half meters above it.
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-Ah look, that's a, is
that a railway carriage?
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-Yes it is, upside down.
-It's upside down.
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Oh it's been thrown over.
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Yeah, that's the wheels.
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NARRATOR: The cargo on
these carriages was once
destined for Nazi Germany.
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Instead it lies deep in the
darkness of a Norwegian lake.
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But why is the ferry here?
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For the very first time the
waters of Lake Tinn drain away
to reveal the true picture.
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Using multi-beam sonar
data combined with cutting
edge computer graphics,
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the lake's astonishing
underwater landscape
comes clearly into view.
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The first clue lies in the
shape of the valley itself.
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There are steep banks
which descend 1500 feet
down, to the bottom of the
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one of the deepest
lakes in Europe.
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As the waters of the
lake drain fully away...
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the drowned ferry
is brought back into
the light of day for the
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first time in
over 70 years.
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First the stern of the
170-foot-long vessel,
tilting downwards.
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Then the wreckage of
the railway carriages...
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and the
captain's wheelhouse.
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The spread of the
wreckage is firm evidence of
a catastrophic, sudden sinking.
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FREDRIK: Here we can clearly
see the wreck and we can see
the wheelhouse up here and we
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can see there's something
behind here. Maybe....
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THOR-OLAV:
Ah the bow is probably
down in the mud.
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NARRATOR: So what
wrecked the ferry?
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The answer is one
of the most daring sabotage
operations of World War II.
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Norwegian resistance
fighters learn about the
Nazi heavy water shipment.
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They are ordered by London
to stop it at all costs.
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The night before
the ferry departs,
under cover of darkness,
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the saboteurs board
the vessel and place a
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time bomb set to
detonate at a precise moment,
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then leave the
ship to its fate.
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-The saboteurs knew the
stakes couldn't be higher.
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They had to stop the
transportation to Germany.
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(ticking)
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(explosion)
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NARRATOR: Draining Lake Tinn
reveals that the ferry is
precisely targeted to sink in
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the deepest part of the lake.
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No Nazi diver can ever
retrieve the barrels of heavy
water from these depths but is
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the ferry carrying enough
heavy water to give
Hitler an atomic bomb?
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NARRATOR: Draining Lake
Tinn in Norway reveals an
infamous Nazi nuclear secret
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strewn across the lake bed.
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Was there enough heavy
water on board to make
the Nazis nuclear bomb
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program go critical?
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00:13:06,186 --> 00:13:10,790
-After the ferry went down
there was a lot of speculation
that the heavy water on board
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the hydro had been replaced
by normal water because
it was so lightly guarded.
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So we wanted to go down
and take up a barrel to
prove that this was in fact
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the heavy water that was
being shipped to Germany.
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NARRATOR: The team have
already examined three
barrels from the depths.
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-Aye aye, yes.
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NARRATOR: Testing samples
taken from inside the barrels
proves that they do contain
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heavy water but was
the ferry's cargo large
enough to help Hitler build
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an atomic bomb?
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The only way to find out
is to probe the darkness
of Lake Tinn and see how
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many barrels are left.
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Draining the waters
of this Norwegian lake
unlocks the answers.
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Amazingly, still intact
after more than 70 years.
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First, one barrel
on the deck then 2 more
spilled over the side...
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then 2 others, 60 feet
from the wreck site.
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That's 5 barrels visible
around the wreck.
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FREDRIK: Well you
can still see numbers
on the barrels, yeah?
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We believe that maybe
10 barrels floated
because they were not full,
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and we have picked
up 3 barrels.
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NARRATOR: With at
least 18 barrels accounted
for and using the scan data
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as a guide, the
survey team can
calculate where the others are.
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-We believe that most of the
other barrels are actually
on board the ferry, still,
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underneath turned
over carriages.
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00:15:09,342 --> 00:15:14,081
NARRATOR: That's about
half a ton of heavy water,
enough to be a vital missing
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component for the
Nazis nuclear reactor.
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00:15:21,321 --> 00:15:25,192
-After the war those
involved in the German
nuclear program said
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that the loss of
the heavy water was
absolutely decisive.
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It stopped their reactor
program in its tracks.
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00:15:36,469 --> 00:15:40,407
(speaking in German)
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NARRATOR: Nazi secret
weapons are deployed
right across the globe,
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including the Indian Ocean.
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Draining the waters here,
off the coast of Western
Australia reveals
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two shattered wrecks...
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What appears to be a German
merchant ship and HMAS Sydney.
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This mighty Australian warship
disappears in November 1941.
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00:16:15,942 --> 00:16:20,880
Will draining HMAS
Sydney uncover the
mystery of what happened in
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00:16:20,913 --> 00:16:23,483
the national disaster?
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00:16:24,051 --> 00:16:28,621
JANN: For the Australians,
the loss of the Sydney
almost became something
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00:16:28,921 --> 00:16:30,957
like a national trauma.
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It was the pride of
the Australian Navy.
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00:16:35,695 --> 00:16:41,434
Not knowing about her final
resting place and the fate
of her crew puzzled
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00:16:42,302 --> 00:16:45,672
the Australians for decades.
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00:16:46,906 --> 00:16:50,377
NARRATOR: After the
war, a German captain,
Theodore Detmers,
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00:16:50,410 --> 00:16:53,480
claims to have defeated
the Sydney in battle.
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00:16:55,915 --> 00:16:59,419
Few Australians trust the
German captain's account.
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00:17:00,087 --> 00:17:01,888
He had abandoned his ship,
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00:17:01,921 --> 00:17:05,392
the Kormoran, which
was reportedly nothing
more than a cargo vessel,
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00:17:07,660 --> 00:17:11,464
and there was
no evidence of a battle.
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The only way to know for
sure is to find both ships.
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The vessel
Geosounder begins a
remarkable search off the
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00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:26,546
coast of Western Australia.
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00:17:27,614 --> 00:17:31,651
Equipped with new scanning
technology and supported by
the Australian government
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00:17:32,485 --> 00:17:37,424
the expedition is led by one
of the world's top wreck
hunters, David Mearns.
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00:17:39,592 --> 00:17:42,195
DAVID: The atmosphere was
very tense and very pressured.
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00:17:42,895 --> 00:17:46,032
I had to locate not just
one ship, but 2 ships.
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00:17:47,634 --> 00:17:51,904
NARRATOR: The search area
is huge but amazingly
the captain of the Kormoran
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00:17:52,705 --> 00:17:56,709
left an account containing
vital clues to where his
ship went down.
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00:18:00,213 --> 00:18:04,151
Mearns homes in on an area
125 miles off the coast.
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00:18:09,422 --> 00:18:12,892
-Oh yes.
-Oh yes.
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00:18:13,193 --> 00:18:15,061
-This is exactly what
you're looking for.
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00:18:15,094 --> 00:18:18,064
NARRATOR: After 12
days at sea, a sign.
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00:18:19,466 --> 00:18:21,468
-Here we go.
-Here's the rest.
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00:18:21,868 --> 00:18:23,770
There's the shadow, that's it.
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00:18:23,803 --> 00:18:26,806
-That's it!
-That's it.
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00:18:29,342 --> 00:18:32,812
NARRATOR: Just as
Mearns hoped, by using the
captain's account as a guide
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00:18:33,513 --> 00:18:36,048
he's found the Kormoran.
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00:18:39,186 --> 00:18:42,289
Is he close to finding
the Sydney too?
206
00:18:42,989 --> 00:18:45,192
-Everything all right there.
207
00:18:45,892 --> 00:18:49,629
NARRATOR: Just
4 days later the missing
warship comes into view.
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00:18:51,464 --> 00:18:55,668
-It came up on the
screen suddenly and we
knew immediately that
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00:18:55,702 --> 00:18:58,671
was the Sydney.
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00:18:59,105 --> 00:19:02,709
It was just total elation
that we had found it.
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00:19:04,110 --> 00:19:07,947
We got it.
Uh-uh, that's it.
That's HMAS Sydney.
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00:19:14,287 --> 00:19:18,057
NARRATOR: At a depth
of 1 and a half miles
it's too deep to dive,
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00:19:18,658 --> 00:19:21,628
so an ROV explores
the wreck site.
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00:19:23,663 --> 00:19:25,398
-There's something.
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00:19:25,432 --> 00:19:28,134
We're on it, it's
a gun, it's hit.
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00:19:28,435 --> 00:19:30,270
-That's the one?
Oh stop, stop right there.
217
00:19:30,303 --> 00:19:33,506
-That's it.
-Wow. Oh look at that.
218
00:19:35,208 --> 00:19:39,111
NARRATOR: Among the
ruins of a savage fight to the
death are chilling reminders
219
00:19:40,012 --> 00:19:43,350
of this ship as a war
grave for 645 men.
220
00:19:50,089 --> 00:19:54,494
But the underwater
ROV camera only gives us
glimpses of the sunken ships.
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00:19:58,465 --> 00:20:02,201
Now, by combining the
scan data with computer
generated imagery...
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00:20:04,637 --> 00:20:08,107
it's possible to drain
the Indian Ocean.
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00:20:10,910 --> 00:20:17,517
This is the HMAS Sydney,
the pride of a nation,
visible for the first time
224
00:20:18,718 --> 00:20:21,721
in over 70 years.
225
00:20:23,656 --> 00:20:28,661
The warship is pockmarked
by battle damage, clear
evidence of an epic
226
00:20:28,695 --> 00:20:31,264
close- quarters firefight.
227
00:20:34,133 --> 00:20:39,806
Now using evidence from
the seabed, it's possible
to reconstruct a remarkable
228
00:20:39,839 --> 00:20:44,911
struggle between the two
lost ships and show a Nazi
secret weapon in action.
229
00:20:56,689 --> 00:21:01,093
NARRATOR: Draining the
Indian Ocean reveals the
lost Australian warship,
230
00:21:01,828 --> 00:21:08,701
HMAS Sydney but how did such
a powerful vessel fall victim
to an ordinary merchant ship?
231
00:21:13,873 --> 00:21:17,410
The Kormoran Captain's
account offers some clues.
232
00:21:20,313 --> 00:21:24,016
DETMERS: It was
November 19th, 1941.
233
00:21:24,584 --> 00:21:26,986
A beautiful day
with warm sunshine.
234
00:21:27,019 --> 00:21:30,623
As so often
in the Indian ocean the
visibility was perfect.
235
00:21:34,293 --> 00:21:39,298
NARRATOR: Suddenly,
at 4:00pm, the two ships eye
each other on the horizon,
236
00:21:40,333 --> 00:21:42,869
16 miles apart.
237
00:21:44,003 --> 00:21:49,976
The Kormoran signals that it
is an innocent Dutch freighter
but as the Sydney moves
238
00:21:50,009 --> 00:21:56,048
in for a closer inspection
the Kormoran prepares to
unleash its deadly secrets.
239
00:21:58,284 --> 00:22:02,422
The Nazi captain knows
his only chance is to
lure the warship
240
00:22:02,455 --> 00:22:05,091
into a close-quarters fight.
241
00:22:08,461 --> 00:22:12,031
-I let her come closer still.
242
00:22:12,499 --> 00:22:15,001
Slowly, slowly.
243
00:22:19,271 --> 00:22:22,442
NARRATOR: Then the
Kormoran plays its trick.
244
00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:29,516
It appears to be an unarmed
merchant vessel but in reality
the Nazi ship is packed with
245
00:22:30,417 --> 00:22:34,754
the kind of deadly
technology that Q might
have created for James Bond.
246
00:22:37,524 --> 00:22:41,528
JANN: The Kormoran's mission
in the Indian Ocean was
to prey on Allied shipping.
247
00:22:42,829 --> 00:22:46,933
It was very much
hit-and-run tactics.
248
00:22:47,233 --> 00:22:51,871
NARRATOR: Unaware of the
Kormoran's true identity,
the Sydney moves in closer.
249
00:22:54,474 --> 00:22:58,478
DAVID: The two ships were
about a 1,000 meters apart,
well that's basically
250
00:22:58,511 --> 00:23:00,913
point-blank range.
251
00:23:04,116 --> 00:23:07,854
DETMERS: The enemy cruiser
was now coming within the
range that I considered
252
00:23:07,887 --> 00:23:10,490
suitable for my guns.
253
00:23:10,723 --> 00:23:13,593
I gave the order,
"decamouflage!"
254
00:23:15,595 --> 00:23:18,998
The Dutch flag
was hauled down and the
German war flag ran up.
255
00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:25,037
NARRATOR: According to
the rules of war, concealed
weapons are perfectly legal
256
00:23:25,071 --> 00:23:29,876
but only if the ship reveals
its true colors before firing.
257
00:23:35,682 --> 00:23:38,918
With the wreck of HMAS Sydney
now drained of sea water,
258
00:23:40,620 --> 00:23:45,357
the first shocking
evidence caused by Kormoran's
hidden weapons can be seen
259
00:23:45,391 --> 00:23:47,994
in the clear light of day.
260
00:23:49,328 --> 00:23:51,564
The top of the
captain's bridge,
261
00:23:51,598 --> 00:23:55,502
the command center of the
ship is missing, but why?
262
00:24:00,006 --> 00:24:01,641
On the Kormoran,
263
00:24:01,674 --> 00:24:06,212
hidden from view
a repurposed army
antitank gun emerges
264
00:24:08,715 --> 00:24:12,251
and fires shattering the
Australian captain's bridge.
265
00:24:15,522 --> 00:24:19,492
-The command structure
of the Sydney would have
been wiped out in the first
266
00:24:19,526 --> 00:24:22,428
opening shot of the battle.
267
00:24:23,996 --> 00:24:27,800
NARRATOR: Rapid-fire
antiaircraft guns now rise
up on hydraulic ramps,
268
00:24:29,101 --> 00:24:31,538
cutting down the
Sydney's crew.
269
00:24:35,875 --> 00:24:41,548
On the Sydney's main
forward gun turrets the
tops have been blown off
270
00:24:44,416 --> 00:24:48,387
and there's a blast hole in
the middle of one of the guns.
271
00:24:50,790 --> 00:24:53,660
What causes this?
272
00:24:54,727 --> 00:24:58,865
Despite its innocent
appearance the Kormoran
carries very heavy weapons,
273
00:24:59,666 --> 00:25:02,034
perfect for close
range combat.
274
00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:08,340
At the push of a button,
counterweighted panels lift up
to reveal these powerful guns.
275
00:25:11,711 --> 00:25:16,515
At virtually point-blank
range, their overwhelming
firepower knocks out
276
00:25:17,149 --> 00:25:20,086
Sydney's forward gun turrets.
277
00:25:20,787 --> 00:25:24,924
-Well it's probable that
those guns were taken out
in the first 10 seconds,
278
00:25:25,224 --> 00:25:28,294
15 seconds of the action.
279
00:25:28,795 --> 00:25:33,432
NARRATOR: Although caught
by surprise, the Sydney is
still able to return fire and
280
00:25:33,465 --> 00:25:36,903
hits the Kormoran's engine
room, setting it ablaze.
281
00:25:40,239 --> 00:25:43,109
The Nazi ship now prepares
its sledgehammer blow.
282
00:25:46,312 --> 00:25:49,916
Underneath the waterline
lie 2 concealed torpedo tubes,
283
00:25:51,083 --> 00:25:54,320
and there are 4
more above the water,
284
00:25:54,587 --> 00:25:57,323
each hidden by a steel flap.
285
00:26:00,660 --> 00:26:06,265
It takes the Kormoran's
crew just 32 seconds to
prepare and fire a torpedo.
286
00:26:11,303 --> 00:26:14,540
-They inflicted a great
deal of damage very quickly
on the Australian cruiser.
287
00:26:16,743 --> 00:26:18,577
Guns firing, shells exploding.
288
00:26:18,611 --> 00:26:21,814
I mean it's absolute
mayhem, hell on earth.
289
00:26:23,816 --> 00:26:25,652
-They were just
being wiped out.
290
00:26:25,685 --> 00:26:28,688
It would have been
absolute carnage.
291
00:26:30,690 --> 00:26:33,459
NARRATOR: 6:25 pm.
292
00:26:33,693 --> 00:26:38,030
Confident that the Sydney
is fatally wounded and most
of the crew already dead,
293
00:26:39,098 --> 00:26:41,901
the Nazi captain ceases fire.
294
00:26:43,703 --> 00:26:45,738
Victory.
295
00:26:48,107 --> 00:26:52,544
DETMERS: Never before in naval
history had an armed merchant
vessel defeated a cruiser in
296
00:26:53,545 --> 00:26:55,682
open battle.
297
00:26:58,284 --> 00:27:03,055
NARRATOR: Draining the water
away from HMAS Sydney, means
crucial evidence of what
298
00:27:03,089 --> 00:27:05,792
caused its final death
blow can now be seen.
299
00:27:08,294 --> 00:27:11,330
A 90-foot section of
its hull is missing.
300
00:27:12,298 --> 00:27:16,302
The Kormoran's torpedoes
cause critical damage
and a huge explosion.
301
00:27:18,537 --> 00:27:24,510
The Sydney's entire bow breaks
off, causing the whole ship to
plunge 1 and a half miles down
302
00:27:26,713 --> 00:27:30,683
with 645 men on board.
303
00:27:32,618 --> 00:27:35,688
ERIC: Sydney
disappears entirely.
304
00:27:35,922 --> 00:27:38,524
There are no survivors.
305
00:27:39,391 --> 00:27:42,862
It's the most serious loss in
the Australian navy's history.
306
00:27:44,263 --> 00:27:48,835
Now we've found the wreck, we
know what happened and now we
have an accurate idea of what
307
00:27:48,868 --> 00:27:52,104
happened to the ship.
308
00:27:52,504 --> 00:27:56,876
NARRATOR: But if the Sydney
was defeated why is the German
raider also at the bottom of
309
00:27:56,909 --> 00:27:59,912
the Indian Ocean?
310
00:28:01,147 --> 00:28:04,717
There's a clue in the original
scans of the sea floor.
311
00:28:07,186 --> 00:28:11,090
Near the wreck is evidence
of a debris field,
caused by a massive blast.
312
00:28:13,492 --> 00:28:16,628
What happened to
sink the Kormoran?
313
00:28:18,230 --> 00:28:22,401
The Nazi ship sails
away victorious but
it has been mortally
314
00:28:22,434 --> 00:28:25,004
wounded in the battle.
315
00:28:25,471 --> 00:28:30,609
JANN: With the Kormoran's
engines broken down, a huge
fire on board and a number of
316
00:28:30,642 --> 00:28:36,415
mines in the hold, which were
highly explosive, Commander
Detmers had no choice
317
00:28:37,683 --> 00:28:40,486
whatsoever but
to abandon ship.
318
00:28:44,056 --> 00:28:47,927
NARRATOR: Hitler has
similar merchant raiders,
just like the Kormoran.
319
00:28:49,028 --> 00:28:53,665
To stop the ship's many
secrets from being discovered
the crew then blow up
320
00:28:53,699 --> 00:28:56,235
their own vessel.
321
00:29:00,072 --> 00:29:05,711
Today, the two ships
still lie just 13 miles
apart on the seabed.
322
00:29:10,649 --> 00:29:14,520
(speaking in German)
323
00:29:14,787 --> 00:29:19,058
The world's
oceans hide Nazi secrets
deep underwater.
324
00:29:22,261 --> 00:29:24,463
The Baltic Sea.
325
00:29:25,097 --> 00:29:29,301
Draining the icy waters
here reveals a forgotten
German aircraft carrier
326
00:29:30,269 --> 00:29:34,273
that never saw
battle, Graf Zeppelin.
327
00:29:35,942 --> 00:29:39,445
It disappeared more
than 70 years ago.
328
00:29:40,312 --> 00:29:44,917
Why is Hitler's
only aircraft carrier
lying heavily damaged
329
00:29:45,617 --> 00:29:47,920
at the bottom
of the Baltic Sea?
330
00:29:54,793 --> 00:29:58,831
NARRATOR: For decades, the
ultimate fate of the Nazis'
only aircraft carrier is a
331
00:29:59,631 --> 00:30:05,537
mystery but then an
oil survey vessel begins
scanning the Baltic Sea.
332
00:30:07,539 --> 00:30:11,710
ANDRZEJ: First of all
we came across something
that piqued our interest.
333
00:30:14,713 --> 00:30:16,916
We found it using
a multi-beam sonar.
334
00:30:17,917 --> 00:30:21,320
After post processing
the first measurements
indicated that it's about
335
00:30:21,687 --> 00:30:24,056
260 meters long.
336
00:30:25,992 --> 00:30:29,428
NARRATOR: It's the
largest wreck ever
found in the Baltic.
337
00:30:30,897 --> 00:30:35,634
-Wow!
It was a really big find.
338
00:30:37,870 --> 00:30:40,306
It was really spectacular.
339
00:30:46,913 --> 00:30:51,550
NARRATOR: Now diver and
historian, Stephen Burke is in
the Baltic to investigate the
340
00:30:51,583 --> 00:30:55,087
monster of the deep,
the Graf Zeppelin.
341
00:30:56,923 --> 00:30:59,758
STEPHEN: When I first learned
about the Graf Zeppelin
nothing was known as to what
342
00:30:59,791 --> 00:31:02,161
had happened to it at
the end of the War.
343
00:31:02,194 --> 00:31:05,464
What happened after that
was a complete mystery.
344
00:31:05,497 --> 00:31:10,702
I made it my mission to
go out and find what the
fate of the ship had been.
345
00:31:14,306 --> 00:31:16,108
NARRATOR: In the darkness,
346
00:31:16,142 --> 00:31:20,879
nearly 290 feet
down there are only
glimpses of the lost giant.
347
00:31:23,015 --> 00:31:27,319
Timber decking on the
flight deck, massive chains
from one of the anchors.
348
00:31:32,891 --> 00:31:38,998
At 850 feet long, could
its massive size be the very
reason why this mighty vessel
349
00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:44,103
never played a full
part in the war?
350
00:31:46,638 --> 00:31:50,309
December, 1938.
Kiel, Germany.
351
00:31:52,278 --> 00:31:55,747
-Hitler loved launching
large warships, he took
great pleasure in it,
352
00:31:56,248 --> 00:31:58,517
he saw them as great
national symbols.
353
00:31:59,118 --> 00:32:02,688
NARRATOR: Herman Goering,
the Head of the Luftwaffe,
is master of ceremonies.
354
00:32:12,431 --> 00:32:16,702
NARRATOR: The Nazis had huge
ambitions for the vessel.
355
00:32:18,137 --> 00:32:22,641
More than 40 fighters,
bombers and torpedo aircraft
would have made it a
356
00:32:22,674 --> 00:32:25,077
mighty war machine.
357
00:32:25,311 --> 00:32:29,115
Elevators would carry
aircraft from the lower
deck up to the flight deck,
358
00:32:30,682 --> 00:32:33,419
planes would
launch by catapult.
359
00:32:37,289 --> 00:32:40,026
ERIC: The thought of
Stukas taking off from
an aircraft carrier,
360
00:32:40,726 --> 00:32:43,662
carrying out
torpedo and dive-bombing
attacks on allied ships,
361
00:32:43,695 --> 00:32:46,465
it would have
greatly strengthened
their naval position.
362
00:32:52,238 --> 00:32:55,607
NARRATOR: Winston Churchill
sees the Nazi aircraft
carrier as a priority target.
363
00:32:58,877 --> 00:33:01,313
-The British were
very concerned that
the Germans would complete
364
00:33:01,347 --> 00:33:03,315
the Graf Zeppelin.
365
00:33:03,349 --> 00:33:06,018
There was a
significant threat.
366
00:33:07,419 --> 00:33:10,122
NARRATOR: But the
Nazis are slow to finish
this vast warship.
367
00:33:13,425 --> 00:33:17,996
Though launched and
sea-worthy, final work is
delayed time and time again
368
00:33:19,665 --> 00:33:22,601
because it needs huge amounts
of construction material.
369
00:33:24,870 --> 00:33:27,906
-Contrary to
appearances Germany was
very short of resources.
370
00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:31,310
She was very short of steel.
371
00:33:31,343 --> 00:33:36,782
Because it was thought the
War would be short then it was
thought that the Graf Zeppelin
372
00:33:36,815 --> 00:33:41,287
might not be complete
in time to take part
in the war so they had to
373
00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:43,889
stop building large warships.
374
00:33:48,260 --> 00:33:51,263
NARRATOR: February, 1945.
375
00:33:51,297 --> 00:33:54,533
The Nazis face defeat.
376
00:33:55,834 --> 00:34:00,672
-In early 1945 Admiral Doenitz
issued a scorched earth policy
which was that they were to
377
00:34:00,706 --> 00:34:03,509
destroy certain key assets
to prevent them falling
into Russian hands,
378
00:34:04,310 --> 00:34:06,712
and one of those assets
was the Graf Zeppelin.
379
00:34:09,315 --> 00:34:13,852
NARRATOR: The Graf Zeppelin is
scuttled by a German wrecking
crew never to see battle,
380
00:34:19,057 --> 00:34:21,893
but that isn't the
end of the story.
381
00:34:23,129 --> 00:34:28,800
It was abandoned on
the River Oder but now it
rests 200 miles away in the
382
00:34:28,834 --> 00:34:31,837
middle of the Baltic.
383
00:34:33,672 --> 00:34:36,942
Why is the Graf Zeppelin here?
384
00:34:40,346 --> 00:34:43,915
After the war, the
Russians seize the
vast vessel as booty.
385
00:34:47,419 --> 00:34:51,390
-The Russians raised it so
they sealed the holes, they
pumped the water out and
386
00:34:51,423 --> 00:34:53,725
floated the ship.
387
00:34:55,093 --> 00:34:59,198
NARRATOR: Then they decided
to use the Graf Zeppelin for
a unique cold war experiment.
388
00:35:02,301 --> 00:35:06,305
Stephen Burke visits the
Polish naval academy in
Gdynia to investigate.
389
00:35:09,508 --> 00:35:13,111
He's working with
former Polish naval
officer Adam Olejnik.
390
00:35:14,112 --> 00:35:18,217
ADAM: We have a have a
picture, a lot of damage from
different military materials.
391
00:35:21,453 --> 00:35:24,823
NARRATOR: Stephen's looking
for clues to explain
the ship's final moments.
392
00:35:26,024 --> 00:35:28,260
-There's less damage?
-Less damage.
-Less damage on the port side?
393
00:35:28,294 --> 00:35:30,296
-Less damage, yes.
-Okay.
394
00:35:30,329 --> 00:35:34,400
NARRATOR: Adam is part
of a Polish Navy team
which positively identified
395
00:35:34,433 --> 00:35:36,902
the Graf Zeppelin.
396
00:35:39,338 --> 00:35:41,940
-The enormity of this
vessel was a surprise.
397
00:35:44,310 --> 00:35:48,480
It's hard to imagine if
you haven't seen it before.
398
00:35:49,114 --> 00:35:52,150
NARRATOR: They used the mapping
technology to scan the wreck.
399
00:35:57,122 --> 00:36:02,994
By using the detailed sonar
scans now, for the first
time in over 70 years,
400
00:36:04,696 --> 00:36:08,300
evidence of the Graf
Zeppelin's final
moments can be seen.
401
00:36:11,036 --> 00:36:14,906
Emptying the Baltic
Sea of water reveals
an incredible sight,
402
00:36:17,343 --> 00:36:21,112
the 850-foot-long
drowned leviathan.
403
00:36:23,014 --> 00:36:26,918
The wreck clearly
shows extensive damage
caused by explosives,
404
00:36:29,054 --> 00:36:33,091
including a large
100-foot hole in the deck.
405
00:36:35,394 --> 00:36:37,629
-It looked like the
result of bombing.
406
00:36:39,097 --> 00:36:42,601
NARRATOR: The hole wasn't
there when the Germans
abandoned the ship,
407
00:36:43,302 --> 00:36:45,737
so what caused it?
408
00:36:47,673 --> 00:36:52,678
In August 1947, the Russians
want to see how much
punishment the Graf Zeppelin
409
00:36:53,312 --> 00:36:56,482
could take before it sinks.
410
00:36:56,748 --> 00:37:01,086
STEPHEN: So they
planted a series of bombs
inside the wreck, 2,000 kilo
411
00:37:01,119 --> 00:37:03,221
bombs that are
detonated on the flight deck.
412
00:37:05,824 --> 00:37:08,994
They then sent in a series
of waves of aircraft to
attack the ship with bombs,
413
00:37:10,429 --> 00:37:13,299
of over 90 dropped
only 5 or 6 hit.
414
00:37:15,334 --> 00:37:19,505
NARRATOR: The Soviets
have no aircraft carrier
of their own, so by bombing
415
00:37:19,538 --> 00:37:23,809
the Graf Zeppelin they
learned a lot about
their potential new enemies,
416
00:37:25,143 --> 00:37:28,013
the British and the Americans.
417
00:37:29,214 --> 00:37:33,652
-Sinking the Graf Zeppelin
showed the Russians that
aircraft carriers were not
418
00:37:33,685 --> 00:37:36,722
necessarily as easy to sink
as they might have thought.
419
00:37:39,591 --> 00:37:42,093
They wanted to find out how
you sank them, and they did.
420
00:37:46,432 --> 00:37:52,304
(speaking in German)
421
00:37:54,540 --> 00:37:59,478
NARRATOR: Nazi secret
technology reached around the
world and draining the oceans
422
00:37:59,511 --> 00:38:03,081
reveals evidence of it in
the most surprising places.
423
00:38:05,517 --> 00:38:08,053
The English Channel.
424
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:13,058
The grave of a remarkable
vessel equipped with a
secret technology that
425
00:38:13,091 --> 00:38:15,694
could have changed
the course of the war.
426
00:38:16,595 --> 00:38:21,900
Draining the oceans here
reveals the mystery of
the Nazi U-boat U-480.
427
00:38:24,102 --> 00:38:27,906
JANN: U-480, you could
call it the first stealth
submarine in history.
428
00:38:29,908 --> 00:38:35,146
NARRATOR: This vessel
vanished in 1945, carrying
a lethal secret technology.
429
00:38:36,448 --> 00:38:39,951
What made this killer
Nazi sub invisible?
430
00:38:48,494 --> 00:38:51,697
NARRATOR: August, 1944.
431
00:38:52,197 --> 00:38:55,901
The D-day landings
in France have put
Nazi Germany in peril.
432
00:38:58,937 --> 00:39:02,941
JANN: In August 1944
the situation for the German
U-boats in the British Channel
433
00:39:04,042 --> 00:39:10,482
was rather grim because it was
one of the best defended areas
around the British Isles.
434
00:39:15,621 --> 00:39:18,624
NARRATOR: The Allies
have a highly effective
method for hunting the
435
00:39:18,657 --> 00:39:22,260
submarine raiders: sonar.
436
00:39:25,230 --> 00:39:29,267
Earlier in the war,
the Nazi U-boats savaged
Allied shipping in the
437
00:39:29,300 --> 00:39:31,937
Battle of the Atlantic...
438
00:39:33,472 --> 00:39:38,544
largely by hunting in
packs on the surface where
sonar is of limited use.
439
00:39:41,713 --> 00:39:47,285
But by 1944, heavy surface
patrols force the U-boats to
operate completely underwater
440
00:39:50,055 --> 00:39:53,859
making them much more
vulnerable to Allied sonar.
441
00:39:55,193 --> 00:39:58,464
-This isn't wolf pack
warfare against convoys,
it's individual submarines
442
00:39:58,497 --> 00:40:00,666
stalking individual ships.
443
00:40:03,902 --> 00:40:07,205
INNES: Operations in a
submarine in the English
Channel at that time were
444
00:40:07,238 --> 00:40:09,941
extremely dangerous.
445
00:40:10,275 --> 00:40:14,112
Your chances of survival
if you're the commander of
a U-boat are about 50/50.
446
00:40:14,913 --> 00:40:18,116
NARRATOR: The Nazis want to
counter the threat of sonar.
447
00:40:19,284 --> 00:40:25,524
-The German answer to sonar
detection was developing some
kind of cloak of invisibility.
448
00:40:29,294 --> 00:40:34,199
NARRATOR: By August
the 21st, 1944, Hitler's
designers have achieved their
449
00:40:34,232 --> 00:40:37,202
dream of stealth technology.
450
00:40:38,103 --> 00:40:42,307
U-boat Captain Hans
Joachim Foerster and
his crew lie in wait,
451
00:40:43,108 --> 00:40:47,713
deep in the English
Channel and the Allies
never realize he is there.
452
00:40:52,684 --> 00:40:57,589
-It's unprecedented, he gets
into the English Channel and
in 5 days he sinks 4 ships,
453
00:41:00,091 --> 00:41:03,061
and he gets out.
454
00:41:03,094 --> 00:41:06,865
It's the most devastating
patrol carried out in the
Channel up to that time.
455
00:41:08,099 --> 00:41:10,702
It's quite remarkable.
456
00:41:11,002 --> 00:41:15,440
NARRATOR: Will draining the
waters of the English Channel
help explain this Nazi secret?
457
00:41:19,678 --> 00:41:24,850
Underwater archaeologist
Innes McCartney investigates
reports of a U-boat wreck
458
00:41:25,483 --> 00:41:30,722
about 20 miles off the
coast of Southern England,
hidden 200 feet down.
459
00:41:35,026 --> 00:41:38,096
-When you hit the water and
you put your hand on the down
line and you're swimming down
460
00:41:38,129 --> 00:41:41,499
to the wreck you know the
sense of anticipation is,
is just truly incredible.
461
00:41:47,505 --> 00:41:52,678
Your first interaction
with this completely unseen
object is can you work out
462
00:41:52,711 --> 00:41:55,113
what it is?
463
00:41:57,549 --> 00:42:02,554
NARRATOR: Now, for the
first time, the waters in the
English Channel drain away and
464
00:42:05,090 --> 00:42:09,728
bring U-480 into the
clear light of day.
465
00:42:11,429 --> 00:42:15,801
The secret of the stealth
submarine is revealed:
466
00:42:16,835 --> 00:42:21,306
the entire surface
of the U boat is
covered with rubber panels.
467
00:42:24,509 --> 00:42:29,915
Each panel has a series
of tiny regular holes,
instead of reflecting sonar
468
00:42:30,616 --> 00:42:33,151
signals back to
an Allied warship,
469
00:42:33,184 --> 00:42:36,554
these rubber
panels absorb them,
470
00:42:36,588 --> 00:42:40,091
making it
effectively invisible.
471
00:42:41,526 --> 00:42:45,797
-I put my hand on a, a
black rubber panel and I
was like, I don't believe
472
00:42:45,831 --> 00:42:48,199
what I've just seen!
473
00:42:50,235 --> 00:42:53,772
ERIC: Diminishing the
effectiveness of the other
side's sonar could well make
474
00:42:53,805 --> 00:42:55,907
the difference between
life and death.
475
00:42:58,009 --> 00:43:03,114
NARRATOR: Today, in
Kiel, Germany, one of U480's
sister boats still survives.
476
00:43:06,084 --> 00:43:11,589
-U480 wasn't a particularly
new design, it was the basic
477
00:43:12,691 --> 00:43:17,996
Type 7 U-boat
only covered with this
special cloaking device.
478
00:43:20,666 --> 00:43:26,504
NARRATOR: But draining
U480 raises another
critical question: if it was
479
00:43:27,038 --> 00:43:31,242
undetectable, why is
U480 at the bottom of
the English Channel?
480
00:43:34,145 --> 00:43:39,550
Removing all the water means
that clues to the damage done
to U480 can now be revealed.
481
00:43:42,487 --> 00:43:45,523
It has sustained
a critical blow.
482
00:43:46,091 --> 00:43:51,196
The stern section is
broken off and there's a
hole in the pressure hull.
483
00:43:53,064 --> 00:43:56,935
What caused such
devastating damage?
484
00:43:59,871 --> 00:44:02,674
Faced with a
modern hi-tech threat,
485
00:44:02,708 --> 00:44:06,111
the Allies resort to a
very old-fashioned
response:
486
00:44:09,447 --> 00:44:11,783
mines.
487
00:44:11,817 --> 00:44:17,188
-The trap that U480
fell victim to was
a secret minefield.
488
00:44:20,058 --> 00:44:23,061
NARRATOR: February, 1945.
489
00:44:23,394 --> 00:44:29,067
Shipping lanes crisscross the
channel but all Allied vessels
are secretly warned not to
490
00:44:30,501 --> 00:44:36,307
travel in a specific
shipping lane area and
unknown to the U-boat crew,
491
00:44:36,708 --> 00:44:42,080
the British lay what's called
a 'deep trap' minefield
far below the surface...
492
00:44:44,115 --> 00:44:46,584
Then wait.
493
00:44:46,617 --> 00:44:49,855
-U480 returned to what had
been its old hunting grounds,
494
00:44:49,888 --> 00:44:51,990
expecting to find
some more targets.
495
00:44:52,023 --> 00:44:54,926
The navigational buoys were
there so it seemed as if the
route was still being used.
496
00:44:56,327 --> 00:44:58,897
In fact it wasn't.
497
00:44:58,930 --> 00:45:03,034
The British were laying
minefields and these came
as a very nasty surprise.
498
00:45:05,904 --> 00:45:08,706
-It was laid at
the exact point they
knew U480 was going.
499
00:45:09,707 --> 00:45:12,878
Targeted killing,
based on intelligence.
500
00:45:12,911 --> 00:45:16,414
That's why you keep it secret.
501
00:45:17,916 --> 00:45:20,585
You're blind...
502
00:45:20,618 --> 00:45:23,088
Terrifying.
503
00:45:33,631 --> 00:45:36,101
(explosion)
504
00:45:41,706 --> 00:45:46,111
NARRATOR: 320 pounds
of explosive bursts a
hole in the submarine,
505
00:45:47,512 --> 00:45:51,482
letting in tons of
water per second.
506
00:45:52,383 --> 00:45:56,287
There is no chance of escape.
507
00:45:57,288 --> 00:46:01,259
The secret
stealth technology was
years ahead of its time,
508
00:46:03,428 --> 00:46:07,665
but in the end
even its special
cloak of invisibility
509
00:46:07,698 --> 00:46:11,636
could not save U480
from the victorious Allies.
510
00:46:17,909 --> 00:46:20,812
The Nazis lost World War II.
511
00:46:22,347 --> 00:46:26,151
But the deadly secrets
they left behind under
the world's oceans...
512
00:46:27,185 --> 00:46:31,622
Are a reminder of the
extraordinary courage
of the men and women who
513
00:46:31,656 --> 00:46:34,192
brought the Nazis down.
514
00:46:41,432 --> 00:46:42,901
Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.
47700
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