Original subtitles

The myth of Atlantis has always been with us, and we

have seen an almost endless number of stories about it.

But what is the true and original myth?

It all began with a writing by the Greek philosopher Plato, in

which he described us in a much more scrupulously exact way than the

People think, what was the origin of Atlantis?

What were their lands like?

Who were your kings?

How were their people and armies organized?

And finally, what was its ending?

Today I am going to tell you all that.

Of course, there are also a large number of later myths that have

been attached to the legend of Atlantis, as well as all kinds of

mysticisms and theories, each more fanciful and all of them very interesting.

We are also going to talk about that as curiosities, but first things first.

Now make yourself comfortable because we are going to

learn the entire history of the original myth of Atlantis.

After the titanomachy and the rise of the Greek gods,

as rulers of the universe, they divided up the world.

Zeus remained supreme ruler and the heavens became smaller.

Ades kept Gnipramund for himself and Poseidon obtained the seas and oceans.

Concisely in the Atlantic Ocean, which did not yet have a name, there

were seven small islands that were sacred to the goddess Persephone.

Three others of enormous size were consecrated on one side, another for Amon and the

largest and most glorious of them for Poseidon and it was this one that would end

ruling over all other islands in the ocean.

It was in this way that Poseidon obtained for himself the

Atlantis and he once dropped his gaze on it.

As he did so, the god then saw that the island was beautiful and that

Venor, a man born of the earth, and Leucippe his wife, lived there.

And from their union a daughter named Clito was born to them.

By the time Cleitus had grown to maturity,

his parents had already died of old age.

And at that moment was when Poseidon noticed

her more and fell completely in love.

Poseidon went to meet Cleitus and joined her.

And then he wanted to preserve it from the men of the outside world, for which he excavated

three rings of sea on the island, alternating concentrically with two other rings of sea.

earth, from smallest to largest dimension, all created at an identical distance

and that the island would make in the central corner in which it was located.

The two largest rings, both the land and

sea rings, measured three stadiums wide.

The next pair of rings were two furlongs wide each.

The last of the rings, a stadium.

And the central island that had been carved

within the island itself, five stades in diameter.

All this despite the fact that navigation did not exist at that time.

But Poseidon was able to predict that one day not too far away, men would be

praised with their ships and he went ahead to protect the island from them.

In addition to that, he also took care of turning the island into a paradise.

He made two springs of hot water and cold water emerge from the underground,

and due to his divine condition he made the earth extraordinarily fertile.

And so he continued to shape the island to make

it as prosperous and beautiful as possible.

In the end the island was made up mainly of mountains

in its northern area, and a large oblong plain in

the south, which extended for about 3,000 stadia.

Atlantis in total was larger than Libya and Asia combined.

Although it is worth mentioning that at that time the Greeks did

not commonly know how big the Asian continent was in total, so

The story probably refers to the fact that Atlantis was as big as

Libya and the Near East combined, which is already a huge exaggeration.

and more than an island, it was rather a continent of its own.

Even at that time, when very basic navigation was beginning to be developed and not

at all suitable for entering the High Seas, it was possible to access these islands,

since they were very close to the columns of

Eracles, what we know as the Strait of Gibraltar.

And all of them were very close to each other.

From the union of Poseidon with the conclete, five pairs of twins were born.

The first of them all was Atlas, and he was

named the king and supreme ruler of the island.

From him, the island got its name, Atlantis, and

the ocean was also renamed the Atlantic Ocean.

This atlas, by the way, is evidently not the same as the previous Atlas.

Well, that one was a titan, while this one was a demigod son of Poseidon.

His twin was in turn Gadiro, and he was given as a fief the

closest area of ​​Atlantis to the Strait of Gibraltar, called

by derivation of his own name, Gadídica or Gadeira.

This region would apparently be the easternmost region of Atlantis.

He called the next pair of twins anferes and the third, Neseo and Autochthonus.

He named the fourth pair of twins Elasippus and Mestor,

and the last pair of brothers Azaes and Diaprepes.

And all of them were also granted their respective fiefdoms on the island,

which had been divided into 10 domains

and each of them ruled by its own king.

But above all of them, Atlas ruled, as regent of the entire island,

whose fiefdom was the central territory, which had belonged to

his mother Cleitus before him, and where his father Poseidon

He had personally erected a palace for Atlas.

This was how the lineage of the Atlanteans began, and as we have

said, some people from Europe and Asia managed to cross to the

Atlantis and its population soon became prosperous and numerous.

The Atlanteans soon discovered that the island was rich and precious minerals,

especially in Orichalco, a legendary metal that some think would be

a natural alloy between copper and gold, while other sources deduce

that it was made of bronze and silver and others, on the other hand, believe that it was something similar to Lambar.

But in any case, it was more valuable than silver and gold.

Furthermore, the gigantic island was thick with forests and even swamps, lakes and rivers,

as well as mountains and plains.

So I insist on completely banishing the idea that Atlantis was

a conventional fantasy island, since on the contrary, it was

practically a continent, especially considering that it

was apparently as big as Libya and known Asia, combined.

Regarding the fauna of Atlantis, it was quite prosperous, although it is

not specified which animals exactly inhabited it, except for elephants,

which apparently were something quite typical.

As for the flora, everything fresh tasty and fragrant was well represented.

Roots, foliage, wood, fruits, also legumes and all kinds of drinks,

foods and oils.

Just like any sweet or medicinal extract imaginable,

everything was generated by the island in beauty and farmhouse.

The forwards built bridges between the rings of land, connecting them

to each other, and next to the bridges they dug tunnels so that the

ships could pass to the city around the mountain.

As well as docks in the rock walls of the moats and a large channel that connected

everything to the ocean and that would be 300 feet wide, 100 feet deep and 50

stadiums away from the first outer ring.

As a mouth, the ocean entrance to the channel resembled a port,

where even the largest ships could access, so by then

it was evident that the Atlanteans had already developed

in the most advanced navigation of the time.

Each passage of each bridge was guarded by gates and

towers, and a wall surrounded each ring of Atlantis.

The walls that the Atlanteans built were made of red stones,

black and white, very contrary to the typical

artistic representations in which blue tones abound.

In turn, they applied iron ornaments to the outer ring wall,

on that of the inner ring almost terite, and on the wall

that surrounded the acropolis, ornaments of orichalcum.

There were simple-walled houses throughout the island,

while others stood out for their beauty and color.

What stood out the most was the palace complex at the core of Atlantis.

In its place, and there, tributes and offerings

were sent annually from the ten regions of Atlantis.

In addition there was another more aposeidon temple, one stadium long and 300 feet wide.

The exterior of the palace complex was entirely covered in silver,

except the domes that shone with gold.

There was also an altar commensurate in grandeur and excellence with this temple.

Inside, the orichalcum coating predominated and the roof was a

kaleidoscopic multicolor spectacle, born from the union between the

ivory, gold, silver and orichalcum itself.

The entire room was filled with various

golden images, many of them offerings.

Standing out among all, the grandiose statue of Poseidon,

standing on a chariot, holding the reins of six horses

salty, surrounded by 100 nereids on dolphins.

In the same way, there were a large number of golden statues outside,

which represented both royalty and renowned

native individuals or notable foreigners.

And also, the cold and hot water from the springs was conveyed through an ingenious

and highly advanced network of canals, ditches and cisterns that distributed it

throughout the city and for every use, whether hygienic or ornamental.

And in short, the entire landscape was remarkably fresh and aquatic.

Among the virgin areas of the island, the rough and steep slope

that could be seen from the maritime perspective stood out,

too high and, therefore, dangerously impassable.

However, as soon as the view was raised above the city, an

extremely soft plain could be seen that surrounded it, limited

In turn, through various mountains they ended up dying in the sea.

Its location lent itself to facing the south wind.

It emphasizes the majesty, beauty and number of the surrounding mountains,

not having any comparison with the rest of the mountains known to the Greeks.

These housed and provided shelter to a variety of villages, as well as rich

rivers and lakes, lush meadows and forests, varied in quantity and species,

sufficiently covering all human and animal needs,

whether these were tomistic or wild.

The government of Atlantis had spread to many other islands,

as well as apart from the firm, such as the towns of

Libya and even Egypt and parts of Europe to Satyrrhenia.

In the event of war, it was established that each king would contribute

to the army one sixth of his war chariots, two legions of horsemen,

two legions of horse without chariot, one legion of infantry with shield,

a legion of charioteers, two legions of oplites, two legions of archers,

two legions of slingers, three legions of stone throwers, another three legions

of spearmen and four legions of sailors to cover the crew of 1,200 ships.

This was in the event that the capital city governed by Atilas

claimed it, however the distribution of the other nine fiefdoms or

shelves for their particular disputes, which according to

Plato would take excessive time in its story and description.

As for the city guard, it was dispersed in numerous rooms,

Their proximity to the acropolis is determined

based on the degree of their fidelity.

In this way, those who showed the most signs of virtue and

loyalty were granted the privilege of living around the kings.

The legacies of Atlantis were born from what was originally arranged by Poseidon,

collected by the first kings and captured in a large tracing column

as a fundamental constitution that was kept in the temple of Poseidon,

where the kings met every five or six years.

These kings had to judge each other to ensure the proper functioning of

Atlantis and this was preceded by the sacrifice to Poseidon of one of the kings.

many bulls that walked loose through his temple.

The 10 kings had to hunt one of these bulls and slaughter it on the column of

Orichalchus, all the members of the animal being offered and a

krater then being filled with ten blood clots, one for each king.

The column was then cleaned and the rest was thrown into the fire.

Once night came and they began to worship at the sacrificial fire, they

dressed in beautiful purple togas, then sat down next to the ascoas.

The color purple, by the way, is not something chosen at random.

At that time and for many centuries, purple dye

was extremely difficult to obtain in the West.

Therefore, garments and ornaments of this color were very expensive and very rare,

that only the richest and most powerful classes in society could afford.

Once the fire had gone out, the kings proceeded to judge each other.

The judgments were transcribed on a golden tablet at dawn, which they

used as an offering at the end of the judgments along with their clothing.

Probably the most important law of all was the one that

prohibited attacking each other and invited cooperation among all

kings against any possible foreign attack.

Furthermore, kings could not sentence any relative

to death unless it was approved by six kings or more.

This pushed the Atlanteans to direct everything towards conquest or expansion of

their wealth and dominions towards the outside world and they advanced insolently as

a great empire from the Atlantic Ocean over all of Europe and Asia.

Atlantis could not find a rival that could prevail over it and finally

reached Greece and tried to enslave the entire nation in an attack.

region as he had done before with all the previous ones.

But the city of Athens managed to resist and stop them for the first time.

The power of Athens became famous among all men for its excellence

and strength, as it surpassed everyone in bravery and in war.

At first Athens led all the other Greek cities in the fight,

but eventually she was forced to fight alone.

When the other Greek armies surrendered or collapsed.

Athens however resisted to the end and achieved a great victory over the

Atlanteans, and was even able to free all the neighboring nations from slavery.

This was the beginning of the end for Atlantis.

By then, the sacred lineage of Poseidon and Cleitus

had become too mixed with ordinary human blood.

through successive generations of kings.

And the divine virtues were diluted among human vices, until

the Atlantean society went from being glorious and full of

kindness to become tyrannical and tragedy came.

Textually, the story goes like this.

The god of gods Zeus realized that a good race was disposed in

an indigenous way and decided to apply a punishment to them to

that they would become more orderly and achieve prudence.

He gathered all the gods in his most important mansion, the one installed in the

center of the universe overlooking everything that participates in generation,

and after gathering them, he said 2 points.

In this part of the story, Plato's writing ends abruptly,

creating one of the oldest and most frustrating cliffhangers of all time.

In any case, the gods decided after this conversation to destroy the

Atlantis, approximately between the year 9,500 BC.

Atlantis collapsed after a violent earthquake and an extraordinary flood,

in a terrible day and night, and the

gigantic island disappeared into the sea.

Which also produced a large bank of clay and mud in the ocean,

which made it impassable for years.

And that's how his story ends.

Now let's talk about the sources from which everything we know in Atlantis arises.

The only primary source about Atlantis, and from which all others

arise, is the dialogue written by the Greek philosopher Plato.

In this writing by Plato, the philosophers Critias and

Timaeus tell us everything we know about Atlantis, through a

dialogue they maintain with Socrates and Hermocrates.

The entire dialogue is surely fictitious, everything indicates that

these risky psychopolitical philosophers never had these conversations.

And in fact, Timaeus is even still debated, whether he was a real

historical figure, or whether Plato just invented him completely.

The history of Atlantis comes mainly from the mouths of critias,

who says he met her through Solon, a statesman

considered one of the seven wise men of Greece.

Solon would have traveled to Egypt years ago, and when he was already 90 years

old and Critias was a child of 10, he told him what he had discovered there.

In the city of Saiys, east of the Nile Delta, Egyptian

wise men told him of an ancient story that had

survived in his records about the Greek people.

That is, the story of how ancient Athens prevailed against the invasion of

Atlantis, in addition to each and every one of the details

about this legendary civilization that I just told you.

The explanation of why this story was not preserved or remembered by the Greeks,

It would seem that it was lost during the Great Flood, because

yes, the Greeks also had a myth of the Great Flood, but somehow,

The Egyptians had managed to preserve it.

Some historians argue that Plato, in fact, freely borrowed

some of his allegories and metaphors from older traditions,

such as that of the Trojan War or various Egyptian genealogies.

Others, however, believe that he was inspired by events of his time,

such as the failed invasion of Sicily or the destruction of Elique.

In turn, the logographer Elanicus of Lesbos wrote a work prior to Plato's,

titled Atlantis, of which only a few fragments survive.

The work of Elanicus appears to have been a genealogy about the daughters of Atlas,

but some authors have suggested a possible

connection with the island that Plato described.

For example, Plato apparently writes this story in the same style as

Elanicus, and it is also suggested that he may have borrowed the title,

even if he made up the rest of the story.

In any case, what does seem to be clear is that these dialogues written by

Plato are the fundamental basis of everything we know and

have been said to have been invented or derived from Atlantis.

For many centuries in fact, this myth did not

attract as much attention as one might think.

When it really gained more popularity, it was from the

modern and contemporary age, times in which they proliferated

all kinds of theories about Atlantis.

Let's look at some of the most interesting ones.

One of the first theories that was considered about

Atlantis was that it was located on the American continents.

The ecclesiastical historian Francisco López de Gomara may have been the first

to affirm that Plato was referring to the Americas when he spoke of Atlantis.

The English theologian Tomás Mur wrote his work of fiction

utopia in the 16th century inspired by Plato's Atlantis and the

Traveler's stories about the Americas.

Mur described an imaginary utopian society set in the new world.

Theme that the English philosopher also developed

Francis Bacon in his work The New Atlantis of 1623.

In which he gave a history of Atlantis, similar to that of Plato,

but placing it freely in America.

These types of stories spread the popular idea that the Mayan and Aztec ruins

could be the remains of Atlantis and that its ancient inhabitants would have been

descendants in the Atlanteans, beginning a whole line of speculation

that started from these writings created in the 16th century.

Some historians explain that these speculations developed

easily due to European attempts to rationalize ancient cultures.

Americans within a Western mythological context.

As society advanced and more was known about pre-Columbian

peoples, these interpretations became increasingly obsolete,

but in the 19th century they resurfaced again.

One of the people who most popularized the myth of Atlantis in that

century was the American congressman Ignatius Donnelly, who wrote

in 1882 the book Atlantis, a world before the flood.

Donnelly suggested that Plato wrote about a giant island that really existed,

believed that Atlantis was the site of the first and oldest human civilization

and that in the mythology of the other cultures of the world their respective gods

in reality they had been citizens of Atlantis.

Even the Biblical age would have been located according to him on this lost continent.

It pointed to Egypt as one of the colonies of Atlantis and one of

the few remaining remnants of what its culture could have been.

So much interest was aroused in these myths that Donnelly has been popularly

called the father of the renaissance of Atlantis in the 19th century.

Many thank him for having made this interesting myth survive to this

day, while others reproach him for having been one of the greatest

promoters of an anti-scientific and anti-historical research method.

Based on the idea that myths and legends contain hidden information that

can be interpreted under free interpretation, using the ingenuity of

each one, or by people who possess some type of mystical or special vision.

Later came the fascinating world of Theosophy, a school of mysticism

founded by Yelena Blavatzkaya, which reached quite a distance.

popularity and invested heavily in the myth of Atlantis.

These were the ones who invented the most about Atlantis, since on many occasions,

without even basing themselves on what Plato wrote, they launched so many

statements as they wanted of their own invention, many of

which have survived to this day in the popular imagination.

In her book, The Secret Doctrine of Atlantis, Blavatzkaya described that

Atlantis was made up of the fourth generation of humans, which would

be succeeded by a fifth generation of humans who are modern humans.

In 1882, another theosophist, Alfred Persicinet, claimed to have learned

the answers to many of his questions about Atlantis from a teacher.

Tibetan named Mahat Makut Hume, who literally told him.

The formation of Atlantis originated in the Miocene and culminated in the

disappearance of the largest continent, which coincided with the rise of the

alps and the vestige of the small island mentioned by Plato.

Plato's Little Atlantis was the only island to

survive the disappearance of the original Atlantis.

The great event was the arrival of the descendants of the light of Poseidonis,

who lived in our chammala, another mythological kingdom

located somewhere in limalaya, 11,446 years ago.

Something curious about Sinet's contributions is that he himself seemed not to know

the original writer of Plato very well, since on several occasions he commented

that Atlantis was a rather small island, when according to the dialogue

of Timaeus and Critias it was almost as gigantic as a continent.

Theosophists generally affirmed that Atlantis existed between one million and

900,000 years ago, but would have ended up self-destructing due to excessive use.

of magical and psychic powers that the Atlanteans had acquired.

None of that had anything to do with what was written by

Plato in his day, but they began to preach it.

In his 1896 book, Atlantis, the antediluvian world, a title almost identical

to that of Ignatius Donnelly, other theologians called him William Scott.

Elliott claimed that when Atlantis collapsed, it

divided into two large islands, called Daitia and Ruda.

In addition, he also stated that it was a highly technologically

developed civilization, hundreds of thousands of years before our era.

These, along with others from the same time, would be the first explicit

statements about the popular idea that Atlantis possessed a technological

as advanced as modern or even more.

Well until then, it was only understood from what Plato wrote that the

Atlantis had the most advanced mythology of

its time, but not a futuristic mythology.

He also described that Atlantis occupied a large part of the Atlantic oceans,

from the north in present-day Iceland to the south west in the Jaleiro River.

The first cataclysm that began its destruction would have occurred about 800 years ago.

000 years.

The second 200,000 years ago, when it was divided into the two islands already mentioned.

And the third and most terrible one was 80,000 years ago, when it was finally

reduced to a supposedly small island, which is supposedly the one Plato described.

Finally, in the year 9,564 BC, the fourth and last

catastrophe occurred, which definitively unite it.

Cleavage Leo also confirmed that the capital of Atlantis, as a population of 2.

000 million people, it was called Estaborot.

And that it would have been destroyed by the second cataclysm.

I even go so far as to say that in their heyday, the Atlanteans developed aerial vehicles.

And these statements became more and more distorted until they generated that the

Atlanteans possessed jet planes and even spaceships in which the

survivors of Atlantis would have gone to take refuge not only at 30.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the clairvoyant Edgar Cage

practiced, among many other shows, what he called Life Readings.

In which, using their mystical powers, there could be what they

had been in their previous lives, the members of the public.

And on many occasions, he mentioned that these subjects had been advances in another life.

Through these visions, Clase claimed to be able to

give very precise descriptions of life in Atlantis.

He also stated that Atlantis would rise again in

1960, causing much popularity of the myth in that decade.

And there is also a hall of records under the Egyptian

esfijha that contains the historical records of Atlantis.

When the 1940s arrived, it was the Nazis' turn to feed the myth of Atlantis.

They carried out various expeditions in search of mythological locations and

various myths, often trying to connect them with their ideas about the area race,

sometimes relating it to ancient Atlantis, which they believed was

probably located in the areas of Greenland and Iceland, based on the

idea that the Adlanteans were actually Pervorians,

Nordic supermen who originated in the North Atlantic.

All these theories had already been born in the Zuleges El Chaf, an anti-Semitic logic of

Munich that preceded the German Nazi party.

The occultists Cal George Shatch and Herman Wilts were the first to speak of this

Nordic Atlantean race and the party ideologue Alfred Rosenberg, as well as the

SSG leader Heinrich Himmler, made it part of official doctrine.

Now let's talk about the many theories about the supposed location of Atlantis.

The first most important thing is to make clear that Plato never

specified the location of Atlantis, he simply hinted at the area.

around the current Strait of Gibraltar.

That's all.

But throughout the rest of his writing, various

clues have made various theories prosper.

These theories are almost endless and many of them consist of completely

arbitrary statements that relate Atlantis to anything, so I'm going

to mention only those that are minimally relevant, which are still many.

Several theories place it somewhere in the Mediterranean Sea.

Robert Craves in his 1955 book The Greek Myths argues that Atlantis

was the island of Pharos, off the western coast of the Nile Delta.

Robert Sarmast, an American architect, argued that the lost city

of Atlantis was located at the bottom of the eastern Mediterranean,

within the Cyprus basin.

Based on sonar data from the seabed in which, according

to him, structures that could have been made by

man at a depth of 1500 meters.

According to Sarmast, several characteristics of Cyprus, such as the festival of cataclysms,

support his identification of Cyprus as part of Atlantis.

His credibility, however, is quite poor, as he has often mentioned things

like that scientists know that approximately 18,000 years in the past

There was not just one Mediterranean Sea, but three.

But then he never wanted to say who those scientists were, nor did he cite any

kind of scientific literature that supported him, and in fact practically all the

geologists or ceanographers and paleontologists who have studied the bottom of the Mediterranean,

They explain that there is nothing to indicate that this could have been the case.

The Swiss historian Adalberto Giovanni argued that the sinking

of the Greek city of Elique in 373 BC in Plato's time may have

been the inspiration for the actual story of Atlantis.

Another theory is that Atlantis actually referred to the people of ancient

Sardinia, that the name Atlas actually derives from Italos through the

Middle Egyptian language, and that Plato's descriptions of the Island

apparently share several features with Sardinia and its Bronze Age culture.

Atlantis could therefore be buried beneath the islands of Corsera and

Sardinia, which would be the plateaus of Atlantis that survived the sinking.

The capital of Atlantis would have been located on a hill

near the injection of Santadi, in the province of Cagliari.

There are also other toponymic references to the myth of Atlantis, including the two

fountains of hot and cold water placed by Poseidon, which would, according to this

Theory, the cold water source of Cínigas and the hot water source

present in the toponilla of three neighborhoods near the town of Nuxis.

Similar to this is the theory that his remains are found on the Island of Malta,

although this theory has been tainted with scandals of falsified

finds that were intended to provide proof for the claim that Malta was

Atlantis, and that implicated the antiquarian

Georgio Gornet, one of its greatest defenders.

Geoarchaeologist Erberhard Zanger has hypothesized that

Atlantis was in fact the city state of Troy, whose myth

would have been disfigured in Plato's imagination.

For many centuries, Troy was thought to be pure fiction, until

it was discovered in 1871 by geoarchaeologist Heinrich Liemann.

Some then gave the question of Atlantis by Sanjada, but many

others continued to think that they were different stories.

There is also a theory that Atlantis is located in the Black Sea.

This was started by German researchers ex-Siegfried and Christian Shop.

It is based on the fact that before 5,500 BC there was a large plain in

the northeast in an ancient freshwater Laos, and that in 1,500 days BC the

Sea level rise surpassed the current Bosphorus barrier.

One of the biggest problems with this theory is locating it in waters

totally foreign to the Mediterranean or the Atlantic, in which almost

It should necessarily be located in Atlantis due to one of the

few explicit geographical references that Plato gave, its boundary

with the pillars of Hercules in the Strait of Gibraltar.

But these researchers solved it by saying that those columns of Hercules were

actually in the Bosphorus Strait, although they did not give further details.

explanation as to why this had to be so.

Nor did they give any explanation of how the merchant ships that came from

all over the world arrived at the ports of Atlantis when it was 350 feet away.

below global sea level at that time, having been located

in the Black Sea, but they still defended their hypothesis.

According to the author, Michael Habner, the central region of Atlantis is

located in the south-west of Morocco, specifically in the fullness of its land.

This fullness is surrounded by the high atlas, the antiatlas and the sea of ​​atlas,

the Atlantic Ocean.

Due to this arrangement, according to Habner, this filling was called Atlantis Nesos,

the Island of Atlantis, by the ancient Greeks before the Greek Middle Ages.

Apparently in the northwest of the landfill a large structure was discovered

caldera-like annular geomorphology.

This structure has almost the dimensions of the capital of the Atlantities

shouted by Plato, and is covered with hundreds of red historical ruins,

black and white.

Another of the suggested places for Atlantis is around

the Azores islands, this being the tops of the mountains.

of Atlantis that remained unsubmerged.

This was exposed by Ignatius Donnelly himself, of whom we have already spoken.

The same thing happened with the islands of Madera, Cape Verde and the Canary Islands,

although they do not usually base much more on the fact that they are islands

in the Atlantic and therefore could be the remains of the mountains of Atlantis.

Specifically in the case of Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, geomorphic

and geological studies of the area show that during the last million years

have been rising steadily, without significant periods of a

downturn, which makes this hypothesis practically impossible.

Another theory places Atlantis in northern Spain.

According to the author Jorge María River Meneses, Atlantis was on the underwater

plateau known internationally as Le Danoys Bank and locally as El Cachucho,

about 60 kilometers from the coast of Asturias.

He hypothesized that it was part of the continental margin that

broke up at least 12,000 years ago, as a result of natural processes.

tectonics that occurred at the end of the last ice age.

And that these created a tsunami that destroyed the entire area under

the sea, but once again all the geological studies carried out in

The area has denied that this happened like this.

The author Paul Dumbabing is one of the most fantasy and one of my favorites.

It is believed that there once existed a large island

in the Icelandic Sea and that this was Atlantis.

In their theory, this civilization was destroyed by a rise in sea

level caused by a meteorite impact that caused the joints to invert.

magnetic and changed the earth's axis around 3,100 BC.

That whole theory has been easily dismissed as

pseudo-scientific even by most believers in the Atlantis myth.

Other authors, such as William Bimond and Lewis Spence, believed that Great Bethany

would have been the location of Atlantis and claimed that ancient traditions of

Great Bethany and Ireland contain memories of her, but

they also did not contribute much to support this argument.

The Swedish geographer Ulfer Limson was perhaps the only one who managed to do something

to rescue the British-Irish theory of Atlantis, formulating the hypothesis that

The Empire of Atlantis refers to the Neolithic

megalithic tomb culture of that region.

Although his greatest defense was some geographical

similarities between the island of Ireland and Plato's Atlantis.

Statements almost identical to this one located Atlantis in the North Sea,

in Denmark, Sweden or Finland, but all of them suffered from the same

vagueness and arbitrariness and rarely managed to gain much popularity.

It has also been suggested that Antarctica could have been Atlantis.

The least weak arguments in its favor are

those of authors Colin Wilson and Rand Flemaz.

These theorized that Atlantis would be found in Lesser Antarctica,

near the coast of the Ros ice shelf.

They would base themselves on Charles Hopkins' geological

theory of the displacement of the Earth's crust.

This theory suggests that the Earth's outer crust can move over

the upper layer of the mantle very quickly, up to a distance of 3.

000 kilometers in a very few years.

Having displaced and Atlantis, from the middle

region of the Atlantic Ocean, to the South Pole.

The problem is that along with some scientific statements, they also

mixed many mere speculations and totally arbitrary assumptions without

more support than his own intuition, so it didn't make much sense either.

Parallel to this is the theory that Atlantis is in the North Pole,

who was a professor of Systematic Theology at Boston University,

William Furfield Warren developed the theory that the original center

of humanity was once found in the North Pole, where he also located the

Atlántida, the garden of LeDen, Montemero, Ávalon and Iperbórea.

Everything at once.

According to Warren, all these mythical stories were actually memories of an

ancient settlement in the far north, their cradle of humanity, which the various

peoples had been distorting their memory over the centuries.

Finally, one of the few theories that have explicit indications

from Plato's original writer is the one that places Atlantis

somewhere on the southern coast of Spain in Andalusia.

In the dialogue of criticism, Plato related that the brother

Gémeno de Atlas was in turn another of the kings of Atlantis.

Gadiro.

Who was granted as a fief the closest area of ​​Atlantis to the Strait of

Gibraltar, called by derivation of its own name, Gadírica or Vadeira.

Gadeira is the name by which the Greeks knew the small archipelago

of islands that made up what is currently the Baya de Cádiz.

The Islands of Erythea and Cotinusa formed what is today

Cádiz Capital and Antipolis or Címbis, the current San Fernando.

These cities were in the province of Cádiz, which extends to

the Strait of Gibraltar, the traditional columns of arches.

This region would apparently be the easternmost part of Atlantis,

leaving the rest of the Island completely integrated into the Atlantic.

All this information that Plato gives us makes it evident to

many historians that the philosopher was inspired by ancient

Cádiz to locate one of the areas of Atlantis.

Whether it was really located there, or that it really existed, that is another thing.

In any case, this already served as a basis for

many researchers to develop all kinds of theories.

It is no wonder that this city of Cádiz is probably the

oldest city in all of Europe, more than 3,000 years old.

being even before the founding of Rome.

Anything could have happened.

The first historical records that we have of any civilization in the

area are those of the town of Tartessos, a civilization so remote and

mysterious that some historians are not sure if they would be an independent

culture or if they would not instead be some people derived from the beginnings.

In any case, this very ancient civilization of Tartessos has

aroused a lot of curiosity and the followers of these theories

They do not hesitate to relate the often with the Atlanteans.

In 1673, the author José Peciller de Osabus Salas y Tobar would be the first

to suggest that the metropolis of Atlantis was specifically buried in the

Doñana marshes, a natural park that extends

between the provinces of Cádiz and Guelva.

The German theoretical physicist Reiner Walter Kuhn explained

the following in his article in the magazine Antiquity.

Good fiction invites facts.

Plato declared that his tale of Atlantis was a philosophical

fiction invented to describe his fictional state.

Plato used three different historical elements for this story.

The Greek tradition of the Ténas Mizenica to illustrate the ancient Ténas del Regato,

the Egyptian records about the wars of the sea peoples to enlighten the

Atlantes and the Greek moral tradition on tartezos for

the description of the city and geography of Atlantis.

Reiner Kuhn and Warner Wiggbolt carried out an investigation in this regard with

satellite images over Doñana and apparently they show two rectangular shapes

at the top of two small elevations within the marshes.

Which according to them are the temple of Poseidon and the Palace of

Atlas, or at least those from which the story was inspired.

Furthermore, in the same images, structures similar to the rings of Atlantis would

be recognized, but since it is a protected natural space, it is not possible.

They make flakes happily and there is no way to know

if they are natural formations or something man-made.

The whole theory becomes even more hidden for its researchers taking into account

that this area is relatively prone to suffer tsunamis, like the one that struck

It went to Guelva and the Bay of Cádiz in 1755 and according

to geologists it will surely end up being repeated.

Either tomorrow or in several centuries.

In 2011, another team led by Professor Richard Fron of the University

of Hartford reinvestigated the area and defended the tsunami hypothesis.

Nostante the anthropologist of the National Research Council of Spain Juan

Villarías Robles described Fron's claims as too fanciful.

Another curious fact to close this theory is that with respect to another of the kings

Atlántida Mneseo, the city of the port of Santa María in Cádiz,

was known in ancient times by the name of Menesteo and that has

further fueled the issue for some.

Now is the time to talk about the last theory that I am going

to mention about Atlantis, that of Metaphorical Atlantis.

Most historians consider that Plato's story of Atlantis was not intended

to be historical, but rather metaphorical, an allegory about rogance.

of powerful nations in which he represents the

antagonistic naval power that besieges ancient Athens.

The historical embodiment of Plato's ideal state in the Republic.

Some believe that it was a complete philosophical fiction, while others believe

that it may have been based on historical facts, such as the people of the

sea, the culture of tartezos and etc., although the

Atlantis as such will never exist.

These types of debates already occurred even in ancient Greek times.

The writer Genocrates, for example, was

convinced that Atlantis was a historical fact.

While Aristotle, a student of Plato, maintained that his

teacher had invented history to illustrate his perfect society.

In turn, the philosopher Granto, a frequent commentator on Plato, explained

that Plato's contemporaries sometimes mocked him for not being the inventor of

his Republic and having copied it instead from the Egyptian institutions.

So Plato, in response, decided to invent that the Egyptians had preserved

this story about the Athenians and the Atlanteans so that he could

say that the Athenians really once lived according to that

system, and that it had not been copied from the Egyptians.

As a narrator, I have no obligation to opt for one theory or another,

but what is a fact is that Plato wrote a specific story with a

concrete information, to which all kinds of fantasies that did

not appear anywhere in the original writing have then been added.

In addition to that, mythological speculations

cannot prevail if they are contradicted by evidence.

geological, and that must be taken into account.

So if you ask me, the real question would be whether Plato completely

invented the story or whether he was inspired by other legends or events.

historical ones that he modified to create the story of Atlantis.

Still, everyone is free to think what they like.

And finally, we will comment on two artistic curiosities that I found

especially striking among the many that there are about Atlantis.

In Brussels, the Belgian sculptor, Lukman Sum, Erición of the year 2003,

a source called the man from Atlantis, about whom he commented the following.

Because habitable land will one day be scarce, it is not

unlikely that we will return to the water in the long term.

Global warming and sea level rise are practical problems for

the world in general, and especially here in the Netherlands.

On the other hand, the Cádiz composer Manuel de Falla, one of the

greatest figures of classical music in Spain, was obsessed with

the poem The Atlantis, by the Catalan poem Jacinto Verda Guerra.

And in 1941, already in the last years of his life, he wrote a cantata about the

Atlantis inspired by these poems, which continues to be performed to this day.

The occultists Cal Yorz, from marvia, Cal Yorz, bring, bring, me gambre,

This has to be funny.

Chach, chach, now all this, that is, all this whispering is chach.

Very good.