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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:18,485 --> 00:00:20,520 These are the high Tatra mountains, 2 00:00:22,756 --> 00:00:26,526 the highest peaks of the Carpathian mountain range. 3 00:00:26,559 --> 00:00:28,561 They stretch for almost a thousand miles 4 00:00:28,595 --> 00:00:30,563 through central Europe 5 00:00:30,597 --> 00:00:33,433 and reach their highest elevations here 6 00:00:33,466 --> 00:00:36,503 in The Slovak Republic. 7 00:00:36,536 --> 00:00:37,804 These rugged peaks are part 8 00:00:37,837 --> 00:00:39,939 of the Tatra National Park, 9 00:00:39,973 --> 00:00:43,943 one of the many treasures of Slovakia, 10 00:00:43,977 --> 00:00:47,447 a country that sits in the geographic center of Europe, 11 00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:50,583 but is still largely unknown to the world. 12 00:00:50,617 --> 00:00:54,020 rich with history and culture, 13 00:00:54,054 --> 00:00:57,157 Slovakia may be the most overlooked, unknown, 14 00:00:57,190 --> 00:00:59,192 and untraveled country in Europe. 15 00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:05,799 My name is Pat Uskert. 16 00:01:05,832 --> 00:01:07,534 I'm a world traveler, 17 00:01:07,567 --> 00:01:09,569 with an interest in unknown destinations, 18 00:01:09,602 --> 00:01:12,572 and I'm here to explore the heart of Europe. 19 00:01:12,605 --> 00:01:14,874 With me is my friend, Mila. 20 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:17,544 A Slovak native, she will make sure 21 00:01:17,577 --> 00:01:19,579 we get to all the right places. 22 00:01:23,917 --> 00:01:25,885 Together, we are traveling across 23 00:01:25,919 --> 00:01:27,053 The Little Big Country. 24 00:01:29,923 --> 00:01:33,526 From its capital city on the Danube, 25 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:37,530 into its breathtaking landscape. 26 00:01:37,564 --> 00:01:41,201 It is a land of world heritage treasures, 27 00:01:41,234 --> 00:01:44,204 medieval towns, 28 00:01:44,237 --> 00:01:48,208 castles, 29 00:01:48,241 --> 00:01:50,210 lush forests 30 00:01:50,243 --> 00:01:54,247 and a people, culture, and history all its own. 31 00:02:00,954 --> 00:02:02,956 This is a journey for travelers, 32 00:02:02,989 --> 00:02:04,991 and anyone who likes a good adventure. 33 00:02:08,294 --> 00:02:10,295 A journey into the heart of Europe 34 00:02:14,934 --> 00:02:17,270 into a land of music, dance, 35 00:02:19,639 --> 00:02:22,242 castles and mountains. 36 00:02:22,275 --> 00:02:25,612 So pack your bags and get ready for adventure. 37 00:02:25,645 --> 00:02:27,947 It's time to explore the Little Big Country. 38 00:02:27,981 --> 00:02:30,984 This is Slovakia. 39 00:02:45,498 --> 00:02:48,401 Bratislava is one hour from Vienna by train, 40 00:02:48,434 --> 00:02:50,603 with easy connections to Prague, Hamburg, 41 00:02:50,637 --> 00:02:52,605 and Budapest. 42 00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:54,941 This is Bratislava's main station. 43 00:02:54,974 --> 00:02:57,343 From here, the city is not too far. 44 00:02:57,377 --> 00:03:03,082 You can hop on a bus, or walk. 45 00:03:09,989 --> 00:03:12,859 On the Danube river, in a passage between the Alps 46 00:03:12,892 --> 00:03:14,794 and the Carpathians, 47 00:03:14,827 --> 00:03:17,897 Bratislava lies on a historic trade route. 48 00:03:17,931 --> 00:03:19,966 Throughout history, this was the gateway 49 00:03:19,999 --> 00:03:22,969 to central Europe. 50 00:03:23,002 --> 00:03:25,704 In ancient times, Celts and later Romans 51 00:03:25,738 --> 00:03:27,774 had settlements here. 52 00:03:27,807 --> 00:03:30,610 In the 6th century, migrating Slavic tribes 53 00:03:30,643 --> 00:03:34,447 would settle and establish a fortress. 54 00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:36,916 A Slavic stronghold would become a city. 55 00:03:39,652 --> 00:03:41,621 It would later become the capital 56 00:03:41,654 --> 00:03:43,923 of the Kingdom of Hungary. 57 00:03:43,957 --> 00:03:45,458 With Vienna and Budapest, 58 00:03:45,491 --> 00:03:48,928 it formed a triangle of Austro-Hungarian power. 59 00:03:48,962 --> 00:03:51,030 This was a coronation city 60 00:03:51,064 --> 00:03:54,801 where kings and emperors were crowned. 61 00:03:54,834 --> 00:03:58,171 In German it was called Pressburg. 62 00:03:58,204 --> 00:04:02,742 Mozart played his first concert here. 63 00:04:02,775 --> 00:04:04,944 Today it is Slovakia's largest city 64 00:04:04,978 --> 00:04:07,113 with a population of about half a million. 65 00:04:09,182 --> 00:04:12,285 Historically, this is where three worlds came together, 66 00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:14,687 Slav, Hungarian and Austrian. 67 00:04:17,223 --> 00:04:19,826 With its rich history and complex flavor, 68 00:04:19,858 --> 00:04:22,528 it's time to discover Bratislava for ourselves. 69 00:04:25,565 --> 00:04:27,800 We are heading to Bratislava Castle. 70 00:04:27,834 --> 00:04:31,371 Visible from almost everywhere in the city. 71 00:04:31,404 --> 00:04:35,241 Its walls and ramparts are massive. 72 00:04:35,275 --> 00:04:37,409 First mentioned in the year 907, 73 00:04:37,443 --> 00:04:40,013 it has over a thousand years of stories to tell. 74 00:04:54,727 --> 00:04:56,896 Today it is guarded by Svatopluk, 75 00:04:56,929 --> 00:05:02,001 last of the old Slav kings. 76 00:05:02,035 --> 00:05:05,438 This is one of the best views of the city. 77 00:05:05,471 --> 00:05:08,074 The castle restaurant is a great place to take it all in. 78 00:05:14,781 --> 00:05:19,285 Massive walls protected the city in medieval times. 79 00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:21,287 When the Ottoman Turks invaded Hungary 80 00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:22,689 and took Budapest, 81 00:05:22,722 --> 00:05:25,325 this became the new capital of the Kingdom. 82 00:05:25,358 --> 00:05:27,460 And remained so for some 200 years. 83 00:05:37,637 --> 00:05:39,439 This was the coronation church 84 00:05:39,472 --> 00:05:42,408 St. Martin's Cathedral. 85 00:05:42,442 --> 00:05:46,179 And it still wears the symbolic crown of St. Stephen, 86 00:05:46,212 --> 00:05:50,183 made with 18 pounds of real gold. 87 00:05:50,216 --> 00:05:52,752 Rulers of the empire were crowned here. 88 00:05:52,784 --> 00:05:54,787 Nineteen sovereigns in all. 89 00:05:57,223 --> 00:06:00,626 Beethoven's entire Missa Solemnis was premiered here. 90 00:06:03,663 --> 00:06:06,566 Inside, a soldier cuts his cloak in two, 91 00:06:06,599 --> 00:06:09,936 sharing half with a beggar, 92 00:06:09,969 --> 00:06:12,004 the legendary compassion of St. Martin. 93 00:06:38,931 --> 00:06:41,701 The old walled city had four gates. 94 00:06:41,734 --> 00:06:44,570 This tower is the last remaining gate 95 00:06:44,604 --> 00:06:45,805 St. Michael's gate. 96 00:06:45,838 --> 00:06:49,207 It is the main entrance to the Old Town. 97 00:06:50,243 --> 00:06:51,811 On this first day of Spring, 98 00:06:51,844 --> 00:06:55,047 we catch a bit of ceremony and costume. 99 00:06:55,081 --> 00:06:57,517 Giving us a glimpse of the city's colorful past 100 00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:01,721 and taking us back to when this was the city of kings. 101 00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:16,335 In a very Catholic kingdom, 102 00:07:16,369 --> 00:07:20,239 the archbishop had a fairly nice residence. 103 00:07:20,273 --> 00:07:21,574 This is the Primate's Palace. 104 00:07:21,607 --> 00:07:24,043 It is also where Napoleon signed 105 00:07:24,076 --> 00:07:25,144 the Treaty of Pressburg 106 00:07:25,178 --> 00:07:27,447 ending the Holy Roman Empire. 107 00:07:29,482 --> 00:07:32,852 Next to the palace is the Old Town Hall, 108 00:07:32,885 --> 00:07:35,054 used since the 15th century, 109 00:07:35,087 --> 00:07:39,425 it is one of the oldest stone buildings in Bratislava. 110 00:07:39,459 --> 00:07:42,562 The Slovak National Theater is a symbol for the arts. 111 00:07:42,595 --> 00:07:45,598 Here you can catch an opera or the national ballet. 112 00:07:48,367 --> 00:07:50,336 Hviezdoslav Square is named after 113 00:07:50,369 --> 00:07:52,672 Slovakia's greatest poet, 114 00:07:52,705 --> 00:07:54,674 a nice place for outdoor restaurants 115 00:07:54,707 --> 00:07:56,476 and people watching. 116 00:08:03,182 --> 00:08:06,886 This is a good time to brush up on your Slovak. 117 00:08:06,919 --> 00:08:09,322 Hello is dobry den. 118 00:08:09,355 --> 00:08:11,724 Thank you is dakujem. 119 00:08:11,757 --> 00:08:19,757 And beer is pivo, essential vocabulary. 120 00:08:21,434 --> 00:08:25,238 Bratislava's Old Town is a special place. 121 00:08:25,271 --> 00:08:27,540 Not as large Vienna or Prague, 122 00:08:27,573 --> 00:08:30,176 Its smaller streets have their own, cozy charm. 123 00:08:30,209 --> 00:08:34,580 And it's easier to see on foot. 124 00:08:34,614 --> 00:08:36,582 This is a great place to wander around 125 00:08:36,616 --> 00:08:37,783 for a day or two. 126 00:08:37,817 --> 00:08:40,653 Whether you like history, food, 127 00:08:40,686 --> 00:08:43,222 or just riding around in these city tour wagons. 128 00:08:45,391 --> 00:08:48,294 Grassalkovich Palace is where the president resides, 129 00:08:48,327 --> 00:08:50,496 Slovakia's White House. 130 00:08:50,530 --> 00:08:53,566 This was also the center of Baroque musical life, 131 00:08:53,599 --> 00:08:56,068 where Joseph Haydn premiered many of his works. 132 00:08:58,971 --> 00:09:03,276 But Old Town is only a small part of Bratislava. 133 00:09:03,309 --> 00:09:06,746 There is also a much younger city here. 134 00:09:06,779 --> 00:09:10,182 The Corso on the Danube is modern and pretty hip. 135 00:09:10,216 --> 00:09:13,519 Complete with bars, cafes, and giant cushions. 136 00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:16,255 A good place for taking it easy, 137 00:09:16,289 --> 00:09:21,260 and watching the ships go by. 138 00:09:21,294 --> 00:09:23,963 It's difficult to ignore the the New Bridge, 139 00:09:23,996 --> 00:09:26,399 also known as "The UFO Bridge." 140 00:09:26,432 --> 00:09:31,771 The UFO is actually a groovy restaurant and cafe bar. 141 00:09:31,804 --> 00:09:33,439 Here you can beam yourself up 142 00:09:33,472 --> 00:09:34,740 and abduct some lunch. 143 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:44,083 A few days should be enough to see Bratislava. 144 00:09:44,116 --> 00:09:46,786 If you're a history buff or a hopeless romantic, 145 00:09:46,819 --> 00:09:47,954 you might need a bit longer. 146 00:09:56,629 --> 00:09:58,297 But when you've had your fill, 147 00:09:58,331 --> 00:10:00,333 Slovakia has much more to show you. 148 00:10:02,702 --> 00:10:06,672 It's time to move on with our adventure. 149 00:10:09,508 --> 00:10:11,711 Just upstream from Bratislava, 150 00:10:11,744 --> 00:10:13,713 you can walk the paths along the river, 151 00:10:13,746 --> 00:10:16,148 and eventually you will arrive at one of the 152 00:10:16,182 --> 00:10:18,718 greatest cultural monuments of Slovakia 153 00:10:18,751 --> 00:10:19,819 and Slavic history. 154 00:10:19,852 --> 00:10:22,855 A fortress of the early Slavs 155 00:10:22,888 --> 00:10:25,725 dating back to the 9th century, Devin Castle. 156 00:10:25,758 --> 00:10:29,562 It was a major seat of Great Moravia, 157 00:10:29,595 --> 00:10:31,731 one of history's first Slavic kingdoms. 158 00:10:31,764 --> 00:10:36,035 This is where the Morava River meets the Danube, 159 00:10:36,068 --> 00:10:38,037 a position that allowed the control 160 00:10:38,070 --> 00:10:39,338 of two major trade routes, 161 00:10:39,372 --> 00:10:42,108 the Danube River, and the Amber Road, 162 00:10:42,141 --> 00:10:44,110 a trade route that connected the Baltic 163 00:10:44,143 --> 00:10:45,945 and Black Seas. 164 00:10:45,978 --> 00:10:48,147 This was also a gateway of Christianity. 165 00:10:48,180 --> 00:10:50,750 With Byzantine missionaries arriving here 166 00:10:50,783 --> 00:10:52,418 in the 9th century. 167 00:10:52,451 --> 00:10:57,356 Bringing Christianity and literacy to eastern Europe. 168 00:10:57,390 --> 00:10:59,358 If the castle looks a bit rough, 169 00:10:59,392 --> 00:11:01,360 it was Napoleon who ordered it ruined 170 00:11:01,394 --> 00:11:03,863 during his military campaign in the region. 171 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:09,802 Enduring for over a thousand years, 172 00:11:09,835 --> 00:11:12,638 Devin stands like a rugged time capsule, 173 00:11:12,672 --> 00:11:16,108 a proud symbol of Slovakia's history. 174 00:11:16,142 --> 00:11:18,110 From here we travel down the Danube. 175 00:11:33,192 --> 00:11:35,294 The Danube River has played a central role 176 00:11:35,327 --> 00:11:37,129 throughout history. 177 00:11:37,163 --> 00:11:41,033 As a major trade corridor, and a natural border. 178 00:11:41,067 --> 00:11:43,302 It was the frontier of the Roman Empire, 179 00:11:43,335 --> 00:11:46,539 and gave rise to empires that followed it. 180 00:11:46,572 --> 00:11:49,675 Today it is the most international river in the world, 181 00:11:49,709 --> 00:11:54,046 running through 18 countries for about 2,000 miles 182 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:55,581 from Germany to the Black Sea. 183 00:11:55,614 --> 00:12:01,620 It runs along the border of Slovakia. 184 00:12:01,654 --> 00:12:03,789 Although an international waterway, 185 00:12:03,823 --> 00:12:06,025 the Danube is also a river to be enjoyed. 186 00:12:10,663 --> 00:12:13,399 Whether cruising on it, playing in it, 187 00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:16,368 or just soaking up the sun. 188 00:12:16,402 --> 00:12:19,071 The Danube is a source of pleasure, and beauty. 189 00:12:19,105 --> 00:12:22,007 And for some people, it's a destination all by itself. 190 00:12:26,345 --> 00:12:28,380 The town of Sturovo is the last port 191 00:12:28,414 --> 00:12:31,083 before the Danube flows into Hungary. 192 00:12:31,117 --> 00:12:33,085 If you're arriving from Budapest, 193 00:12:33,119 --> 00:12:35,354 you can enter Slovakia here. 194 00:12:35,387 --> 00:12:37,790 Most people visit the Basilica of St. Stephen 195 00:12:37,823 --> 00:12:40,259 across the river in Hungary. 196 00:12:40,292 --> 00:12:42,294 Sturovo is a small town and a popular 197 00:12:42,328 --> 00:12:46,732 summer getaway known for its thermal spas. 198 00:12:46,766 --> 00:12:48,634 Hungarian is spoken here, 199 00:12:48,667 --> 00:12:50,669 which you'll find in many towns in the south. 200 00:12:54,273 --> 00:12:56,408 The two countries share centuries of history, 201 00:12:56,442 --> 00:12:58,177 and in some places, 202 00:12:58,210 --> 00:13:01,680 it seems they've never separated. 203 00:13:01,714 --> 00:13:04,150 Sturovo Station is on a major rail line, 204 00:13:04,183 --> 00:13:06,285 with trains to Berlin and Bucharest 205 00:13:06,318 --> 00:13:08,988 but we are going deeper into Slovakia. 206 00:13:13,259 --> 00:13:17,963 A quick word about getting around in Slovakia. 207 00:13:17,997 --> 00:13:19,965 No matter what season you travel, 208 00:13:19,999 --> 00:13:22,501 the trains and buses are safe, on time, 209 00:13:22,535 --> 00:13:24,527 and will take you to almost anywhere in the country. 210 00:13:24,537 --> 00:13:28,407 From big city to tiny village. 211 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:30,409 If you have time, this is a great way 212 00:13:30,442 --> 00:13:31,544 to see the country. 213 00:13:31,577 --> 00:13:35,147 The train from Bratislava to the Tatra Mountains 214 00:13:35,181 --> 00:13:36,715 takes about 5 hours. 215 00:13:36,749 --> 00:13:39,418 And the price is reasonable. 216 00:13:39,451 --> 00:13:40,691 If you are on a tight schedule, 217 00:13:40,719 --> 00:13:46,125 you can of course look into private tour companies. 218 00:13:46,158 --> 00:13:49,261 You can also rent a car, Slovakia is relatively small, 219 00:13:49,295 --> 00:13:52,598 and you can drive across it in a day. 220 00:13:52,631 --> 00:13:53,699 In the warmer months, 221 00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:55,768 the country roads are perfect for motorcycling. 222 00:13:55,801 --> 00:14:00,539 A great way to experience the magical countryside. 223 00:14:00,573 --> 00:14:02,074 As for places to stay, 224 00:14:02,107 --> 00:14:04,143 there are lodgings for every taste and budget. 225 00:14:04,176 --> 00:14:08,314 From five star resorts, to charming inns. 226 00:14:08,347 --> 00:14:10,683 Bed and breakfasts are called penzions, 227 00:14:10,716 --> 00:14:13,919 and motels are called "motor rests." 228 00:14:13,953 --> 00:14:15,421 No matter how you do it, 229 00:14:15,454 --> 00:14:17,423 you will be traveling into a landscape 230 00:14:17,456 --> 00:14:18,824 stunning and unspoiled. 231 00:14:31,303 --> 00:14:33,305 It has been described as a fairyland. 232 00:14:36,008 --> 00:14:38,010 With its forests and mountains, 233 00:14:38,043 --> 00:14:44,049 and villages tucked into rolling hills. 234 00:14:46,252 --> 00:14:48,020 It is here in its landscape 235 00:14:48,053 --> 00:14:51,690 that Slovakia works its magic. 236 00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:53,893 With a population of around 5 million, 237 00:14:53,926 --> 00:14:55,928 much of the country is country. 238 00:15:02,735 --> 00:15:04,403 And then there are the castles. 239 00:15:04,436 --> 00:15:06,272 Lots of castles. 240 00:15:06,305 --> 00:15:08,874 All together, it is a visual feast. 241 00:15:35,668 --> 00:15:37,436 I'm riding north of Sturovo, 242 00:15:37,469 --> 00:15:38,771 where the Pannonian Plain meets 243 00:15:38,804 --> 00:15:41,140 the Carpathian Foothills. 244 00:15:41,173 --> 00:15:45,344 The region is lush and fertile, and full of history. 245 00:15:45,377 --> 00:15:46,545 Around the 6th century, 246 00:15:46,578 --> 00:15:49,348 Slavic tribes began their great migration 247 00:15:49,381 --> 00:15:52,885 and settled the entire eastern half of Europe. 248 00:15:52,918 --> 00:15:55,054 Some of the tribes settled here, 249 00:15:55,087 --> 00:15:57,056 and eventually formed one of history's 250 00:15:57,089 --> 00:16:00,960 first Slavic kingdoms, "Great Moravia." 251 00:16:00,993 --> 00:16:03,329 It would leave a legacy that is still with us today. 252 00:16:05,364 --> 00:16:06,699 Over a thousand years ago, 253 00:16:06,732 --> 00:16:09,735 the city of Nitra was one of its main centers. 254 00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:16,976 Today, Nitra is a modern town, 255 00:16:17,009 --> 00:16:21,613 known for its universities and its natural setting. 256 00:16:21,647 --> 00:16:24,516 But it is mostly known for its historical significance. 257 00:16:26,685 --> 00:16:28,854 Nitra is Slovakia's oldest city. 258 00:16:28,887 --> 00:16:32,658 Its castle is a blend of centuries 259 00:16:32,691 --> 00:16:34,660 of Slovak and Hungarian history. 260 00:16:34,693 --> 00:16:38,030 And it stands on much earlier fortresses. 261 00:16:38,063 --> 00:16:41,000 Harking back to a time when much of Europe 262 00:16:41,033 --> 00:16:45,270 was still pagan, and without a written language. 263 00:16:45,304 --> 00:16:47,506 Nitra would come to play an important role 264 00:16:47,539 --> 00:16:49,540 as a "Cradle of Christianity." 265 00:16:52,878 --> 00:16:54,847 Its first know known ruler was a pagan 266 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:55,981 named Pribina. 267 00:16:56,015 --> 00:16:59,985 Who allowed construction of the first known Church 268 00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:04,390 among the East and West Slavs 269 00:17:04,423 --> 00:17:06,358 opening the doors to Christianity. 270 00:17:06,392 --> 00:17:08,359 Two Byzantine missionaries would later 271 00:17:08,394 --> 00:17:11,430 make the journey from Greece to Great Moravia, 272 00:17:11,463 --> 00:17:15,634 at the request of Moravian Prince Rastislav. 273 00:17:15,666 --> 00:17:17,636 These teachers brought enlightenment 274 00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:18,904 and Christianity. 275 00:17:18,936 --> 00:17:21,373 Today, Greek brothers Cyril and Methodius 276 00:17:21,406 --> 00:17:23,742 are honored as "Patron Saints of Europe." 277 00:17:25,978 --> 00:17:27,980 The museum houses their legacy. 278 00:17:30,115 --> 00:17:32,985 Cyril created the first Slavic writing system 279 00:17:33,018 --> 00:17:35,454 based on the Greek alphabet. 280 00:17:35,487 --> 00:17:36,922 Called the Glagolitic, 281 00:17:36,955 --> 00:17:40,125 it was a precursor to modern day Cyrillic. 282 00:17:40,159 --> 00:17:41,326 Working with Methodius, 283 00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:44,530 they then translated the bible. 284 00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:46,532 Methodius became the first archbishop 285 00:17:46,565 --> 00:17:49,334 of Great Moravia, with its main seat in Nitra. 286 00:17:52,104 --> 00:17:54,573 Their disciples would travel to other kingdoms, 287 00:17:54,606 --> 00:17:56,508 spreading the new knowledge 288 00:17:56,542 --> 00:17:58,577 setting the foundations for a Christian 289 00:17:58,610 --> 00:18:01,547 eastern Europe. 290 00:18:01,580 --> 00:18:05,551 Today they are celebrated in all Slavic countries 291 00:18:05,584 --> 00:18:07,586 as "The apostles of the Slavs." 292 00:18:11,924 --> 00:18:14,726 This is the legacy of Great Moravia. 293 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,062 The young empire eventually became weak 294 00:18:17,096 --> 00:18:20,666 and fell to the Hungarians invading from the south. 295 00:18:20,699 --> 00:18:23,102 Nitra, became one of the most important cities 296 00:18:23,135 --> 00:18:25,104 of the New Kingdom of Hungary. 297 00:18:25,137 --> 00:18:28,207 The history of Slavs and Hungarians would intertwine 298 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:29,708 over the next thousand years. 299 00:18:48,327 --> 00:18:49,928 In the summer heat, 300 00:18:49,962 --> 00:18:52,498 you can find cool shade in the woods. 301 00:18:52,531 --> 00:18:55,234 But even deep in the forest, history can be found. 302 00:19:04,643 --> 00:19:06,645 This tower was built in the 13th century 303 00:19:06,678 --> 00:19:09,815 to protect local gold trade. 304 00:19:09,848 --> 00:19:11,817 We are in the Tribec mountain range, 305 00:19:11,850 --> 00:19:13,719 not far from Nitra. 306 00:19:13,752 --> 00:19:16,421 Hiking among the ruins of a kingdom long past. 307 00:19:25,631 --> 00:19:28,300 These ruins were part of a guardian castle system 308 00:19:28,333 --> 00:19:30,669 that stretches throughout the region, 309 00:19:30,702 --> 00:19:32,671 built in response to the Mongol invasions 310 00:19:32,704 --> 00:19:33,672 in the 13th century, 311 00:19:33,705 --> 00:19:39,178 they protected the young Kingdom of Hungary. 312 00:19:51,857 --> 00:19:53,825 Slovakia has the highest number 313 00:19:53,859 --> 00:19:55,827 of castles per capita in the world. 314 00:19:55,861 --> 00:19:58,597 Making a kind of paradise for both hikers 315 00:19:58,630 --> 00:20:00,632 and history lovers. 316 00:20:49,348 --> 00:20:50,515 If you could design a castle 317 00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:52,184 from dreams and bedtime stories, 318 00:20:52,217 --> 00:20:54,386 it might look something like this. 319 00:20:54,419 --> 00:20:57,756 Bojnice is the castle of fairy tales 320 00:20:57,789 --> 00:21:02,728 one of the most visited castles in central Europe. 321 00:21:02,761 --> 00:21:04,730 This was the home of the wealthy Thurzo 322 00:21:04,763 --> 00:21:06,365 and later Palfi families. 323 00:21:06,398 --> 00:21:09,167 It was Count Palfi who rebuilt his castle 324 00:21:09,201 --> 00:21:10,335 in the romantic style. 325 00:21:10,369 --> 00:21:14,706 Blending elements of the French and Tyrolean Gothic, 326 00:21:14,740 --> 00:21:16,975 with architecture from the Italian renaissance. 327 00:21:21,780 --> 00:21:25,183 Palfi designed and supervised it all himself. 328 00:21:25,217 --> 00:21:27,185 Unfortunately he didn't live to see 329 00:21:27,219 --> 00:21:29,888 his work completed, dying a bachelor in Vienna, 330 00:21:29,921 --> 00:21:31,923 with no heirs. 331 00:21:33,692 --> 00:21:35,661 As expected from a fairytale castle, 332 00:21:35,694 --> 00:21:37,663 it is rich with lore and legends. 333 00:21:49,107 --> 00:21:51,076 The Linden Tree out front 334 00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:53,211 is over 700 years old. Providing shade 335 00:21:53,245 --> 00:21:56,114 for many a lord and lady 336 00:21:56,148 --> 00:21:58,150 The interior is no less spectacular, 337 00:21:58,183 --> 00:22:01,153 the Palffy home is now a museum 338 00:22:01,186 --> 00:22:04,222 with an astonishing display of his personal treasures, 339 00:22:04,256 --> 00:22:06,758 its halls filled with art and exotic luxuries. 340 00:22:17,536 --> 00:22:23,075 Tours of the castle last around 75 minutes. 341 00:22:23,108 --> 00:22:24,800 The tour ends in dripstone caves beneath the castle. 342 00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:27,245 Like any good storybook castle, 343 00:22:27,279 --> 00:22:30,215 it must have dark caverns and secret passageways. 344 00:22:30,248 --> 00:22:33,485 This is the perfect place to think about 345 00:22:33,518 --> 00:22:35,387 the castle's ghost stories 346 00:22:35,420 --> 00:22:37,622 such as the Legend of the Black Lady 347 00:22:37,656 --> 00:22:41,326 who is sometimes seen on castle grounds. 348 00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:44,463 If you consider yourself to be a bit of a ghost hunter, 349 00:22:44,496 --> 00:22:46,164 every May the castle hosts 350 00:22:46,198 --> 00:22:54,198 "The International Festival of Ghosts and Spirits." 351 00:22:57,376 --> 00:22:59,745 With the power dynasties up in their castles, 352 00:22:59,778 --> 00:23:02,547 village folks went on about their business. 353 00:23:02,581 --> 00:23:04,716 It is in the villages that traditions were passed 354 00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:07,152 from generation to generation. 355 00:23:07,185 --> 00:23:09,154 Yeah, that's good. 356 00:23:10,188 --> 00:23:12,457 Great. 357 00:23:12,491 --> 00:23:16,094 We are in in the village of Cicmany. 358 00:23:16,128 --> 00:23:17,829 Nestled among forest and hills, 359 00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:21,900 it's as quiet and simple as a village can get. 360 00:23:21,933 --> 00:23:24,269 Visitors come here for its local charm, 361 00:23:24,302 --> 00:23:26,304 and to get a taste of the simple life. 362 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,409 Cicmany is known for the unique, 363 00:23:30,442 --> 00:23:32,411 ornamental painting of its homes. 364 00:23:32,444 --> 00:23:35,881 The designs reflect motifs seen in traditional tapestry 365 00:23:35,914 --> 00:23:38,350 and needlework. 366 00:23:38,383 --> 00:23:43,355 Each house is a work of art. 367 00:23:43,388 --> 00:23:45,357 Although they look like gingerbread houses, 368 00:23:45,390 --> 00:23:46,358 Cicmany is a real village. 369 00:23:46,391 --> 00:23:48,360 A few penzions in town offer simple, 370 00:23:48,393 --> 00:23:53,632 cheap accommodation, and of course food. 371 00:23:53,665 --> 00:23:57,135 Quiet and peaceful, you can stay here if you like, 372 00:23:57,169 --> 00:24:02,541 and experience the relaxed pace of village life. 373 00:24:12,050 --> 00:24:14,219 We've been invited into the workshop 374 00:24:14,252 --> 00:24:17,823 of Drahos Dalos a musician, and master craftsman, 375 00:24:17,856 --> 00:24:19,424 who will show us the art of making 376 00:24:19,458 --> 00:24:21,460 a traditional Slovak flute, the fujara. 377 00:24:33,705 --> 00:24:35,674 Originating in the high meadows 378 00:24:35,707 --> 00:24:36,675 of the central regions, 379 00:24:36,708 --> 00:24:38,677 the fujara was played by shepherds. 380 00:24:38,710 --> 00:24:41,179 And its music reflects the sounds of nature 381 00:24:41,213 --> 00:24:42,447 that surrounded them. 382 00:24:49,955 --> 00:24:53,091 Drahos points out that this is not only an instrument, 383 00:24:53,124 --> 00:24:54,559 but a way to talk with nature. 384 00:25:00,899 --> 00:25:03,335 According to Drahos, it has a unique resonance, 385 00:25:03,368 --> 00:25:05,637 that benefits the mind and soothes the soul. 386 00:25:07,706 --> 00:25:09,674 The fujara has been added to the 387 00:25:09,708 --> 00:25:11,676 United Nations World Heritage list 388 00:25:11,710 --> 00:25:14,846 of humanity's masterpieces. 389 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:19,818 From shepherds in the highlands, a gift to the world. 390 00:25:34,199 --> 00:25:36,167 In the center of Europe, 391 00:25:36,201 --> 00:25:38,169 many sounds and have come together 392 00:25:38,203 --> 00:25:40,338 to create a wealth of music, song, and dance. 393 00:25:40,372 --> 00:25:42,340 And this is a country that loves to dance 394 00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:44,910 and drink. 395 00:25:44,943 --> 00:25:47,245 Festivals throughout the summer are a good place 396 00:25:47,279 --> 00:25:48,279 to have a listen. 397 00:25:56,288 --> 00:25:56,955 This is in the village of Hrusov. 398 00:25:56,988 --> 00:25:59,491 Once a year, this sleepy hamlet 399 00:25:59,524 --> 00:26:02,894 becomes a celebration of music, food, and life itself. 400 00:26:08,934 --> 00:26:12,737 This is music from the heart of Europe. 401 00:27:56,374 --> 00:27:58,343 While traveling across the country, 402 00:27:58,376 --> 00:28:00,879 we made sure to catch a few castle festivals, 403 00:28:00,912 --> 00:28:03,048 with each castle celebrating its own place 404 00:28:03,081 --> 00:28:05,517 in Slovak history and culture. 405 00:28:05,550 --> 00:28:09,220 At Orava Castle, we enjoyed a ghoulish night tour. 406 00:28:19,731 --> 00:28:20,732 This by the way, 407 00:28:20,765 --> 00:28:23,568 is the where the first vampire movie was made. 408 00:28:25,937 --> 00:28:30,141 Nosferatu, in 1922. 409 00:28:30,175 --> 00:28:32,877 The castle is said to be quite haunted. 410 00:28:32,911 --> 00:28:37,048 And its most famous ghost is called "The White Lady." 411 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:44,823 The day ends with a night market. 412 00:28:44,856 --> 00:28:46,224 and a dazzling fireshow 413 00:29:03,708 --> 00:29:05,844 Some of the festivals last for days. 414 00:29:05,877 --> 00:29:07,679 Like this one in Trencin. 415 00:29:07,712 --> 00:29:11,683 Celebrating its stunning fortress, and colorful past. 416 00:29:21,326 --> 00:29:26,865 From Roman legions fighting barbarians. 417 00:29:26,898 --> 00:29:28,633 And Ottoman Turks at its gates. 418 00:29:42,147 --> 00:29:47,786 And the tournament was amazing. 419 00:30:02,433 --> 00:30:04,702 I am walking along the Dunajec river, 420 00:30:04,736 --> 00:30:07,705 on a path that has been used for thousands of years. 421 00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:08,706 In ancient times, 422 00:30:08,740 --> 00:30:11,676 boats were the main form of transportation 423 00:30:11,709 --> 00:30:13,912 and Greeks and Romans used these rivers 424 00:30:13,945 --> 00:30:17,115 particularly in the trade of amber. 425 00:30:17,148 --> 00:30:19,751 This route was part of the Amber Road. 426 00:30:19,784 --> 00:30:21,920 A long trade route from northern seas 427 00:30:21,953 --> 00:30:24,255 to the Mediterranean. 428 00:30:24,289 --> 00:30:26,457 Rafting continued as a form of transportation 429 00:30:26,491 --> 00:30:28,259 throughout the centuries 430 00:30:28,293 --> 00:30:30,361 and much like truckers of today, 431 00:30:30,395 --> 00:30:32,030 rafters hauled a lot of goods 432 00:30:32,063 --> 00:30:37,335 from lumber and iron, to cheese and medicinal herbs. 433 00:30:37,368 --> 00:30:39,404 Today, you can join rafters in their 434 00:30:39,437 --> 00:30:41,306 ancient and proud traditions. 435 00:30:41,339 --> 00:30:44,142 Like the seashells worn on their hats. 436 00:30:44,175 --> 00:30:46,144 Each seashell meant a successful journey 437 00:30:46,177 --> 00:30:47,812 to the sea and back. 438 00:30:47,846 --> 00:30:50,648 And a rafter with many seashells 439 00:30:50,682 --> 00:30:54,819 was a seasoned veteran. 440 00:31:39,030 --> 00:31:40,999 Eventually this river flows 441 00:31:41,032 --> 00:31:43,134 into Poland, and then to the Baltic Sea, 442 00:31:43,167 --> 00:31:45,169 but we are getting off at the border. 443 00:31:55,013 --> 00:31:57,015 After rafting, we stop for lunch at the 444 00:31:57,048 --> 00:31:59,951 old monastery on the river. 445 00:31:59,984 --> 00:32:03,621 This is Cerveny Klastor, the red monastery. 446 00:32:03,655 --> 00:32:06,357 This was a real medieval monastery. 447 00:32:06,391 --> 00:32:08,660 Here you can sit near a crackling fire, 448 00:32:08,693 --> 00:32:11,763 enjoy a frothy ale and a hearty meal. 449 00:32:11,796 --> 00:32:17,802 In Slovak, bon appetit is "dobru chut." 450 00:32:20,571 --> 00:32:24,409 We are making are our way into Eastern Slovakia. 451 00:32:24,442 --> 00:32:26,811 In a region called SubCarpathian Ruthenia, 452 00:32:26,844 --> 00:32:30,248 home of Slovakia's Rusyn population. 453 00:32:30,281 --> 00:32:33,251 Their roots go back to Kievan Russia. 454 00:32:33,284 --> 00:32:36,321 The region is famous for its wooden churches 455 00:32:36,354 --> 00:32:39,557 most built around the 17th century. 456 00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:42,760 Each church is a masterpiece of Rusyn architecture. 457 00:32:52,603 --> 00:32:54,472 Each is unique. 458 00:32:54,505 --> 00:32:57,642 They are fitted together without the use of nails. 459 00:32:57,675 --> 00:32:59,644 And many using woods that contain 460 00:32:59,677 --> 00:33:02,046 natural termite repellants. 461 00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:04,549 The builders were masters of woodwork. 462 00:33:04,582 --> 00:33:06,985 Hundreds of years old, these churches of wood 463 00:33:07,018 --> 00:33:09,020 were designed to endure for centuries. 464 00:33:16,761 --> 00:33:18,129 In this part of Europe, 465 00:33:18,162 --> 00:33:20,732 eastern and western Christianity meet. 466 00:33:20,765 --> 00:33:22,734 With catholic churches just down the road 467 00:33:22,767 --> 00:33:25,169 from Eastern Orthodox. 468 00:33:25,203 --> 00:33:28,940 Inside we find biblical scenes painted long ago. 469 00:33:28,973 --> 00:33:30,942 The walls are rich with religious imagery. 470 00:33:30,975 --> 00:33:36,981 With local artists creating their own Sistine chapel. 471 00:33:45,890 --> 00:33:48,059 The creativity of Rusyns doesn't stop 472 00:33:48,092 --> 00:33:49,160 with wooden churches. 473 00:33:57,235 --> 00:33:59,203 Here in the town of Medzilaborce 474 00:33:59,237 --> 00:34:01,205 you can visit the Andy Warhol Museum. 475 00:34:01,239 --> 00:34:04,409 It is the second largest collection of his work 476 00:34:04,442 --> 00:34:07,645 outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 477 00:34:07,678 --> 00:34:09,880 Andy Warhol was born Andrej Varhola 478 00:34:09,914 --> 00:34:12,216 to Carpatho-Rusyn parents who emigrated 479 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:15,053 to the United States from here. 480 00:34:15,085 --> 00:34:17,989 Andy Warhol's pop art set off a chain reaction 481 00:34:18,022 --> 00:34:21,592 that completely changed the world of art and music, 482 00:34:21,626 --> 00:34:25,263 influencing generations of artists around the world. 483 00:34:25,295 --> 00:34:27,398 He may be the most well known artist 484 00:34:27,431 --> 00:34:30,134 of the twentieth century. 485 00:34:30,168 --> 00:34:32,870 Today, the region celebrates his legacy. 486 00:34:32,904 --> 00:34:34,806 For die-hard fans of his work, 487 00:34:34,839 --> 00:34:36,741 this is a necessary pilgrimage. 488 00:34:44,382 --> 00:34:46,484 Bardejov, is an almost perfectly preserved 489 00:34:46,516 --> 00:34:48,052 medieval town. 490 00:34:48,085 --> 00:34:50,888 Its walls, and burger houses are all as they were 491 00:34:50,922 --> 00:34:51,922 centuries ago. 492 00:35:04,202 --> 00:35:06,170 Most people know Bardejov from its 493 00:35:06,204 --> 00:35:08,239 picturesque old town square, 494 00:35:08,272 --> 00:35:10,374 long ago one of the biggest marketplaces 495 00:35:10,408 --> 00:35:12,810 of central Europe. 496 00:35:12,844 --> 00:35:14,812 With Bardejov located on the road between 497 00:35:14,846 --> 00:35:16,514 the Baltic and Black Seas, 498 00:35:16,547 --> 00:35:18,816 it was a major center of trade in the middle ages. 499 00:35:18,850 --> 00:35:22,954 It enjoyed the privileges of a royal city, 500 00:35:22,987 --> 00:35:24,956 with its merchants free to travel 501 00:35:24,989 --> 00:35:26,457 throughout the kingdom. 502 00:35:26,491 --> 00:35:29,360 Today we can only imagine its medieval market, 503 00:35:29,393 --> 00:35:33,631 bustling with merchants and goods from far away. 504 00:35:33,664 --> 00:35:36,834 Its production of linens and cloth was unsurpassed, 505 00:35:36,868 --> 00:35:39,003 and it had more than 50 guilds 506 00:35:39,036 --> 00:35:43,374 from blacksmiths, locksmiths, cobblers, furriers, 507 00:35:43,407 --> 00:35:46,477 all doing brisk business. 508 00:35:46,511 --> 00:35:51,215 Bardejov feels frozen in time. 509 00:36:07,265 --> 00:36:08,933 If you've come this far, 510 00:36:08,966 --> 00:36:10,968 make sure to climb the bell tower. 511 00:36:13,271 --> 00:36:17,408 The climb pays off with a view fitting of a postcard. 512 00:36:17,441 --> 00:36:20,845 Actually this view is on every Bardejov postcard, 513 00:36:20,878 --> 00:36:22,880 but much better to see it in person. 514 00:36:28,519 --> 00:36:30,488 The Gothic cathedral of St. Aegidius 515 00:36:30,521 --> 00:36:33,391 dominates the square. 516 00:36:33,424 --> 00:36:36,761 Built in the 13th century, it houses some of the finest 517 00:36:36,794 --> 00:36:38,763 wood-work in the country. 518 00:37:29,814 --> 00:37:31,148 If you like walking into history, 519 00:37:31,182 --> 00:37:33,618 but don't have a time machine, 520 00:37:33,651 --> 00:37:39,290 visiting Bardejov might be the next best thing. 521 00:37:47,398 --> 00:37:48,933 On its rocky perch, 522 00:37:48,966 --> 00:37:50,935 overlooking the surrounding countryside, 523 00:37:50,968 --> 00:37:54,272 is one of the largest and most astonishing castles 524 00:37:54,305 --> 00:37:56,741 in central Europe, Spis Castle. 525 00:37:59,677 --> 00:38:01,646 It is a precious cultural monument 526 00:38:01,679 --> 00:38:04,115 of the Spis region and a world heritage treasure. 527 00:38:07,818 --> 00:38:10,955 Spis castle attracts over 100,000 visitors a year. 528 00:38:16,494 --> 00:38:18,863 With construction started in the 12th century, 529 00:38:18,896 --> 00:38:21,165 it became the major center of power in the region. 530 00:38:23,668 --> 00:38:25,636 It was one of the few castles to resist 531 00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:29,006 the Mongol attacks of 1241. 532 00:38:29,040 --> 00:38:31,042 With its steep approach, multiple gates 533 00:38:31,075 --> 00:38:32,143 and numerous walls, 534 00:38:32,176 --> 00:38:36,147 its defenses were almost unbeatable. 535 00:38:36,180 --> 00:38:38,416 Outside the castle, stone columns were part 536 00:38:38,449 --> 00:38:40,451 of the first defense line. 537 00:38:44,055 --> 00:38:46,023 Invaders breaching the first wall, 538 00:38:46,057 --> 00:38:49,560 would find more walls on the other side. 539 00:38:49,593 --> 00:38:52,163 If anyone managed to break through the first gate, 540 00:38:52,196 --> 00:38:55,866 there was a second gate, and then a third. 541 00:38:55,900 --> 00:38:58,069 Defenders could always fall back 542 00:38:58,102 --> 00:39:02,006 having the advantage of the high ground. 543 00:39:02,039 --> 00:39:04,008 Attackers would find themselves trapped 544 00:39:04,041 --> 00:39:08,079 in the courtyard where they were easy targets. 545 00:39:08,112 --> 00:39:10,481 A brilliant design. 546 00:39:17,521 --> 00:39:19,523 The kitchen is nicely restored. 547 00:39:22,893 --> 00:39:23,973 The prison and torture room 548 00:39:23,994 --> 00:39:26,030 has a few interesting items. 549 00:39:26,063 --> 00:39:29,166 From the hanging cage, to the rack, 550 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:31,202 and other various instruments. 551 00:39:35,906 --> 00:39:38,342 If you happen to be wearing your battle armor, 552 00:39:38,376 --> 00:39:40,344 you may find it difficult to climb 553 00:39:40,378 --> 00:39:42,346 the narrow passages of the tower. 554 00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:44,915 Of course, that was precisely the idea of the design. 555 00:39:44,949 --> 00:39:47,284 A group of attackers would be forced 556 00:39:47,318 --> 00:39:49,120 into a single file line, 557 00:39:49,153 --> 00:39:51,555 making them much easier to handle 558 00:39:51,589 --> 00:39:52,556 one at a time. 559 00:39:52,590 --> 00:39:55,326 From the top of the tower, 560 00:39:55,359 --> 00:39:58,963 we can see all the way to the Tatra mountains. 561 00:39:58,996 --> 00:40:00,965 I found this to be one of those unforgettable 562 00:40:00,998 --> 00:40:02,032 travel moments. 563 00:40:02,066 --> 00:40:04,435 The view, and the feeling of being at the top 564 00:40:04,468 --> 00:40:08,739 of this medieval fortress, it is breathtaking. 565 00:40:08,773 --> 00:40:10,341 Villages spread before you, 566 00:40:10,374 --> 00:40:12,209 and the wind is in your hair. 567 00:40:12,243 --> 00:40:14,211 And for a moment, you have a glimpse 568 00:40:14,245 --> 00:40:16,247 of what it was like to be the king. 569 00:40:22,119 --> 00:40:25,156 Much of the country is covered in wild forestland 570 00:40:25,189 --> 00:40:28,926 making it a great escape for outdoor lovers. 571 00:40:28,959 --> 00:40:30,928 Mila and I are on our way to the 572 00:40:30,961 --> 00:40:33,597 Slovensky Raj National Park. 573 00:40:33,631 --> 00:40:35,733 At the entrance booth, you can actually buy 574 00:40:35,766 --> 00:40:38,002 two tickets to paradise. 575 00:40:38,035 --> 00:40:41,705 Slovenky Raj means Slovak Paradise. 576 00:40:41,739 --> 00:40:43,707 Here you'll find and scenery that is fitting 577 00:40:43,741 --> 00:40:44,775 of its name. 578 00:40:44,809 --> 00:40:48,379 A great escape into nature if you need a break 579 00:40:48,412 --> 00:40:49,380 from sight-seeing. 580 00:40:49,413 --> 00:40:54,018 We are on one of the more popular trails 581 00:40:54,051 --> 00:40:58,956 known for its ladders and waterfalls. 582 00:40:58,989 --> 00:41:01,392 It's important to start early, 583 00:41:01,425 --> 00:41:05,229 because it's a challenging trail, and will take some time. 584 00:41:05,262 --> 00:41:08,699 This is a long day of ladders, iron chains, and steps 585 00:41:08,732 --> 00:41:14,738 as we work our way through gorges and waterfalls. 586 00:41:58,516 --> 00:42:00,284 If you're serious about hiking and trekking 587 00:42:00,317 --> 00:42:03,254 the country has an extensive trail network 588 00:42:03,287 --> 00:42:06,490 making it possible to travel across the entire country 589 00:42:06,524 --> 00:42:08,526 by foot. 590 00:42:15,566 --> 00:42:19,069 At the halfway point, there is a restaurant and lodge. 591 00:42:19,103 --> 00:42:21,705 If it's too late in the day, you can spend the night. 592 00:42:36,086 --> 00:42:39,056 If you are a big fan of subterranean adventures, 593 00:42:39,089 --> 00:42:42,960 Slovakia is somewhat of a caver's dream come true. 594 00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:44,962 With a remarkable number of caves 595 00:42:44,995 --> 00:42:46,797 for a country of its size. 596 00:42:46,830 --> 00:42:48,132 Beneath its rugged landscape 597 00:42:48,165 --> 00:42:50,034 are several thousand caves. 598 00:42:50,067 --> 00:42:52,469 With new caves still being discovered, 599 00:42:52,503 --> 00:42:54,505 and many not fully explored. 600 00:42:59,543 --> 00:43:02,713 Some of the cave systems go on for miles. 601 00:43:02,746 --> 00:43:05,316 Forty-four caves are national treasures 602 00:43:05,349 --> 00:43:07,918 and 12 are open to the public. 603 00:43:07,952 --> 00:43:10,254 Each cave offers a different experience, 604 00:43:18,162 --> 00:43:20,130 If you have a thing for aragonite, 605 00:43:20,164 --> 00:43:22,132 there are only three known aragonite caves 606 00:43:22,166 --> 00:43:24,535 in the world, and one of them is here. 607 00:43:24,568 --> 00:43:27,871 In the Ochtinska Aragonite Cave, you can marvel 608 00:43:27,905 --> 00:43:31,675 at this rare mineral and its starlike formations. 609 00:43:31,709 --> 00:43:33,410 In the cave's Milky Way Hall, 610 00:43:33,444 --> 00:43:35,946 aragonite clusters in the ceiling shine like stars 611 00:43:35,980 --> 00:43:38,616 across the sky. 612 00:43:38,649 --> 00:43:41,752 Each cave is a precious one-of-a-kind diamond, 613 00:43:41,785 --> 00:43:43,754 the result of just the right conditions. 614 00:43:43,787 --> 00:43:45,789 and eons of time. 615 00:43:48,892 --> 00:43:50,995 But caves are not the only underground adventure 616 00:43:51,028 --> 00:43:57,001 to be had. 617 00:43:57,034 --> 00:43:59,503 In the hills of a collapsed volcano, 618 00:43:59,536 --> 00:44:02,306 in a region rich with gold and silver, 619 00:44:02,339 --> 00:44:05,476 we are in the mining town of Banska Stiavnica. 620 00:44:05,509 --> 00:44:08,212 Centuries ago, this was the most important 621 00:44:08,245 --> 00:44:11,181 mining town of the Habsburg Empire. 622 00:44:11,215 --> 00:44:19,215 It was the world center of mining innovation. 623 00:44:21,492 --> 00:44:22,960 The mines are now museums. 624 00:44:22,993 --> 00:44:25,663 Here you can gear up, and take a guided tour 625 00:44:25,696 --> 00:44:27,698 and descend into mining history. 626 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,537 We are going into the mines, very exciting. 627 00:44:45,516 --> 00:44:47,484 These mines were the main source 628 00:44:47,518 --> 00:44:49,486 of gold and silver in the Kingdom of Hungary. 629 00:44:49,520 --> 00:44:54,224 At one time producing 40% of Europe's gold. 630 00:44:54,258 --> 00:44:55,726 Digging deeper each century 631 00:44:55,759 --> 00:44:59,063 called for new technology. 632 00:44:59,096 --> 00:45:02,800 Flooded mines gave rise to the first piston pumps. 633 00:45:02,833 --> 00:45:06,370 In 1627, gunpowder blasting was used here 634 00:45:06,403 --> 00:45:08,405 for the first time in the world. 635 00:45:11,375 --> 00:45:13,277 Mining became a science 636 00:45:13,310 --> 00:45:15,746 and the first Mining Academy was created, 637 00:45:15,779 --> 00:45:17,781 the first technical school in the world. 638 00:45:21,585 --> 00:45:24,621 Outside, a new system of artificial lakes was designed 639 00:45:24,655 --> 00:45:27,725 to create power for machinery. 640 00:45:27,758 --> 00:45:29,159 The new techniques would spread 641 00:45:29,193 --> 00:45:31,328 throughout the world. 642 00:45:31,361 --> 00:45:33,931 Although its mining days are in the past, 643 00:45:33,964 --> 00:45:36,233 Banska Stiavnica is today one of Europe's 644 00:45:36,266 --> 00:45:38,202 great treasures. 645 00:45:38,235 --> 00:45:40,604 A United Nations world heritage site, 646 00:45:40,637 --> 00:45:48,512 it is an important stop on our Slovakia adventure. 647 00:45:53,784 --> 00:45:55,953 Slovakia is a land of four seasons, 648 00:45:55,986 --> 00:46:01,992 each with its own beauty and color. 649 00:46:05,195 --> 00:46:07,164 But there are certain pleasures that only 650 00:46:07,197 --> 00:46:08,398 winter can bring, 651 00:46:08,432 --> 00:46:11,201 like fairy-tale landscapes and snowcapped mountains, 652 00:46:11,235 --> 00:46:13,971 and skiing of course, 653 00:46:14,004 --> 00:46:17,007 and a few more I'd like to mention, 654 00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:21,011 like ice hockey. 655 00:46:21,044 --> 00:46:22,780 For a country of its size, 656 00:46:22,813 --> 00:46:27,017 it is a formidable player on the world stage. 657 00:46:27,050 --> 00:46:30,454 Some of the biggest names in the NHL are Slovak. 658 00:46:30,487 --> 00:46:36,059 Like Hall of Famers Stan Mikita and Peter Stastny. 659 00:46:47,738 --> 00:46:51,375 Soaking in thermal spas is a normal part of life here. 660 00:46:51,408 --> 00:46:53,977 The spas or kupalisko are fed by 661 00:46:54,011 --> 00:46:56,814 natural thermal springs. 662 00:46:56,847 --> 00:46:59,449 Rich in salts and minerals they are good therapy 663 00:46:59,483 --> 00:47:04,755 for just about any ailment you can think of. 664 00:47:15,032 --> 00:47:17,000 There's something about a frosty evening 665 00:47:17,034 --> 00:47:19,236 in an old European town that just appeals 666 00:47:19,269 --> 00:47:21,738 to my sense of romance. 667 00:47:21,772 --> 00:47:24,107 Kosice is Slovakia's second largest city, 668 00:47:24,141 --> 00:47:26,210 it has the feel of a little Vienna. 669 00:47:26,243 --> 00:47:31,181 It is a treasure of architecture and history. 670 00:47:31,215 --> 00:47:33,183 Its cathedral is the easternmost 671 00:47:33,217 --> 00:47:35,085 Gothic cathedral in Europe. 672 00:47:35,118 --> 00:47:37,087 This was one of the first towns in Europe 673 00:47:37,120 --> 00:47:38,755 to have its own coat of arms, 674 00:47:38,789 --> 00:47:40,424 granted in the 14th century. 675 00:47:54,605 --> 00:47:56,974 A village in winter can also be an experience. 676 00:47:57,007 --> 00:48:03,814 Especially if you catch some winter festivities. 677 00:48:03,847 --> 00:48:05,439 These noisy people coming down the street 678 00:48:05,449 --> 00:48:09,820 are celebrating the coming of Lent. 679 00:48:09,853 --> 00:48:12,022 This is a last chance to drink and feast 680 00:48:12,055 --> 00:48:14,358 before the fasting begins. 681 00:48:14,391 --> 00:48:16,727 And these revelers are making sure to have their fill. 682 00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:20,130 Much like Halloween in the USA, 683 00:48:20,163 --> 00:48:22,132 people go door to door with their 684 00:48:22,165 --> 00:48:23,400 masks and costumes. 685 00:48:33,911 --> 00:48:37,180 But instead of candy, here you get wine and shots 686 00:48:37,214 --> 00:48:38,515 of hard spirits. 687 00:48:38,548 --> 00:48:40,517 Kind of like Trick or Treat for adults. 688 00:49:08,378 --> 00:49:10,047 Inside the local town hall, 689 00:49:10,080 --> 00:49:12,049 celebrations go on into the night. 690 00:49:22,125 --> 00:49:25,329 We can't leave the village without a traditional meal. 691 00:49:25,362 --> 00:49:27,464 Mila has invited me to dinner to sample 692 00:49:27,497 --> 00:49:29,099 a traditional dish. 693 00:49:29,132 --> 00:49:33,837 Yes, so, now we are going to make 694 00:49:33,870 --> 00:49:36,206 bryndzove halusky. 695 00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:39,176 Bryndzove Halusky about as Slovak 696 00:49:39,209 --> 00:49:42,145 as you can get. 697 00:49:42,179 --> 00:49:43,246 So, 698 00:49:43,280 --> 00:49:48,085 the secret is to make your own homemade pasta. 699 00:49:48,118 --> 00:49:52,222 A little bit of bacon. 700 00:49:52,255 --> 00:49:56,093 Halusky is a type of pasta, like gnocchi. 701 00:49:56,126 --> 00:49:59,830 And bryndza is a zesty sheep cheese. 702 00:49:59,863 --> 00:50:01,999 Usually topped with a type of bacon, 703 00:50:02,032 --> 00:50:04,034 it is a simple farmers meal, 704 00:50:04,067 --> 00:50:06,036 that will give you enough power to climb 705 00:50:06,069 --> 00:50:12,075 the high Tatras, exactly where we are going next. 706 00:50:20,117 --> 00:50:23,887 Our next destination, the city of Poprad, 707 00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:25,889 the gateway to the Tatra Mountains. 708 00:50:25,922 --> 00:50:28,925 It is the largest city of the Spis Region, 709 00:50:28,959 --> 00:50:31,962 and a bustling holiday resort town. 710 00:50:31,995 --> 00:50:34,464 The town center has Polish and German influences, 711 00:50:34,498 --> 00:50:36,700 and boasts a church and bell tower 712 00:50:36,733 --> 00:50:41,505 from the 13th century. 713 00:50:55,886 --> 00:50:58,488 The original center of Poprad was a German Colony 714 00:50:58,522 --> 00:51:02,059 called Deutschendorf, or German town. 715 00:51:02,092 --> 00:51:03,960 Today it is a romantic getaway, 716 00:51:03,994 --> 00:51:09,666 the old burger houses are now inns and taverns. 717 00:51:09,699 --> 00:51:11,091 And spectacular views of the mountains 718 00:51:11,101 --> 00:51:13,937 are never far off. 719 00:51:13,970 --> 00:51:15,939 Although beautiful from a distance, 720 00:51:15,972 --> 00:51:18,442 we want to see them up close. 721 00:51:18,475 --> 00:51:20,544 Getting to the mountains is easy enough 722 00:51:20,577 --> 00:51:23,046 with the Tatra mountain railroad. 723 00:51:23,080 --> 00:51:25,549 This light rail takes you to the mountain villages 724 00:51:25,582 --> 00:51:28,085 and ski resorts. 725 00:51:28,118 --> 00:51:30,153 The Tatra Mountains are one of central Europe's 726 00:51:30,187 --> 00:51:32,189 premiere winter playgrounds. 727 00:51:33,857 --> 00:51:35,058 Yeah, we're getting off. 728 00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:38,361 Getting closer to the mountains. 729 00:52:17,467 --> 00:52:19,436 Back in town, Mila and I are looking 730 00:52:19,469 --> 00:52:20,470 for lunch. 731 00:52:20,504 --> 00:52:22,472 When this outspoken restaurant owner 732 00:52:22,506 --> 00:52:23,506 gets our attention. 733 00:52:31,515 --> 00:52:32,482 Our new friend cooks up a 734 00:52:32,516 --> 00:52:35,852 heavenly Segendinsky Gulas, 735 00:52:35,886 --> 00:52:38,688 stewed pork with sauerkraut in a tangy sauce, 736 00:52:38,722 --> 00:52:42,425 served with steamed dumplings on the side. 737 00:52:42,459 --> 00:52:46,763 And a hot bowl of kapustnica, a hardy cabbage soup. 738 00:52:46,796 --> 00:52:51,201 In this winter cold, it hits the spot. 739 00:52:51,234 --> 00:52:54,171 Properly fed, Mila and I head into the hills 740 00:52:54,204 --> 00:52:55,472 to enjoy some trails. 741 00:53:08,785 --> 00:53:10,754 I want to see as much of the Tatra Mountains 742 00:53:10,787 --> 00:53:12,989 as possible. 743 00:53:13,023 --> 00:53:16,293 We are trekking in an area called Popradske Pleso, 744 00:53:16,326 --> 00:53:19,095 surrounded by mountains and a peaceful quietness. 745 00:53:19,129 --> 00:53:23,667 The Tatra Mountains are not only a playground, 746 00:53:23,700 --> 00:53:25,702 but the spiritual center of this nation. 747 00:53:28,171 --> 00:53:30,140 They are mentioned in legends and songs, 748 00:53:30,173 --> 00:53:33,643 and even in the country's national anthem. 749 00:53:33,677 --> 00:53:36,279 With its long history of turbulence and invasions, 750 00:53:36,313 --> 00:53:38,748 the mountainous landscape of Slovakia 751 00:53:38,782 --> 00:53:41,618 provided natural borders and pockets of refuge 752 00:53:41,651 --> 00:53:44,521 throughout its history. 753 00:53:44,554 --> 00:53:48,058 They are an integral part of the country's identity. 754 00:53:48,091 --> 00:53:49,693 In this symbolic cemetery, 755 00:53:49,726 --> 00:53:52,062 the crosses are symbolic gravestones 756 00:53:52,095 --> 00:53:54,831 of those that have lost their lives in the mountains, 757 00:53:54,864 --> 00:53:59,336 skiers, mountaineers, or simply those whose hearts 758 00:53:59,369 --> 00:54:00,369 will always be here. 759 00:54:17,621 --> 00:54:20,390 There is a gondola that will take you to the top, 760 00:54:20,423 --> 00:54:22,392 which is exactly where we want to go. 761 00:54:22,425 --> 00:54:25,929 It's not a trip for the faint of heart, however, 762 00:54:25,962 --> 00:54:28,498 or for those who simply don't like being in a box 763 00:54:28,531 --> 00:54:31,001 hanging from a cable. 764 00:54:31,034 --> 00:54:33,903 We're on our way to the top of Lomnitsky Stit, 765 00:54:33,937 --> 00:54:36,606 the second highest peak in the High Tatras. 766 00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:37,797 The highest peak we can reach 767 00:54:37,807 --> 00:54:41,111 without having to climb. 768 00:54:55,558 --> 00:54:57,627 The Tatras are not as high as the alps, 769 00:54:57,661 --> 00:54:59,296 nor the Himalaya, 770 00:54:59,329 --> 00:55:01,298 but they have their own rugged beauty, 771 00:55:01,331 --> 00:55:03,166 unique to them. 772 00:55:03,199 --> 00:55:05,168 Whether you climb, or take the elevator, 773 00:55:05,201 --> 00:55:08,672 the view at the top is worth the trip. 774 00:55:17,814 --> 00:55:19,783 Here you can stand above the clouds, 775 00:55:19,816 --> 00:55:22,752 among alpine peaks, at the very top of a mountain. 776 00:55:40,203 --> 00:55:42,939 I would say this place at the top of Slovakia 777 00:55:42,972 --> 00:55:45,275 is a good place to pause and reflect 778 00:55:45,308 --> 00:55:47,310 on our Slovak adventure. 779 00:55:55,318 --> 00:55:57,187 It is a little country, 780 00:55:57,220 --> 00:55:58,888 but it's also a big country. 781 00:55:58,922 --> 00:56:02,525 I hope you've enjoyed exploring Slovakia with us, 782 00:56:02,559 --> 00:56:05,395 and that the place that was once so unknown, 783 00:56:05,428 --> 00:56:08,998 now feels a little more familiar. 784 00:56:09,032 --> 00:56:11,000 From the High Tatras in Slovakia, 785 00:56:11,034 --> 00:56:12,736 in the heart of Europe, 786 00:56:12,769 --> 00:56:15,205 we say thank you, and see you again. 787 00:56:15,238 --> 00:56:19,242 Dakujem a dovidenia. 59951

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