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1931...

Japanese troops leave for the conquest of Manchuria.

Japan, the first of this war's aggressor nations,

starting out a full 14 years ago

on a career of international conquest and pillage.

Japan seized a whole new empire,

grew even more self-confident and aggressive

as she fed on other people's suffering.

Germany and Italy, who would plunge Europe into war,

became fully...

A date which will live in infamy.

No matter how long it may take us

to overcome this premeditated invasion...

the American people, in their righteous might,

will win through to absolute victory.

We are now prepared to destroy

more rapidly and completely,

every productive enterprise

the Japanese have in any city.

Let there be no mistake.

We shall completely destroy Japan's power to make war.

Let's go!

Hey!

Thank you!

1945,

the, uh, first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

I was 13 years old.

I was a normal, ordinary girl, I think.

To me, orphaned under two,

if I didn't get the bomb,

what kind of life I had.

Often I thought about it.

Completely different, of course.

Maybe I...

just ordinary.

Met man and get married,

have a housewife, and mother and things.

My fantasy goes, uh, different directions.

Amen.

Ah!

Domo konichiwa.

To the 70 million people of Japan,

Hirohito, their emperor, is a god,

through direct descent from the great sun goddess,

Amaterasu.

They believe that he personally owns Japan,

its land, its resources,

and even themselves.

And they believe that it is the right

and destiny of Japan's emperors

to rule the whole world.

To bring about the fulfillment of this destiny

and to destroy all nations and peoples

which stand in the way of its fulfillment

is the sacred duty of Japan's army and navy.

The army of Japan is a well-trained,

sternly disciplined force of fanatics,

steeled to reckless courage

by a primitive moral code,

which assures to every man who dies in battle,

an immortal life among the Shinto gods.

The Japanese are not easy to know.

I have lived among them for 10 years.

And I can testify

that they are as different from ourselves

as any people on this planet.

The real difference is in their minds.

You cannot measure Japanese sense of logic

by any Western yardstick.

Their weapons are modern,

their thinking is 2,000 years out of date.

When the men go to the war,

we have little flags,

and singing the song.

Oh, what was it?

What was it? I forgot.

Banzai!

-Banzai!

We are going to destroy Japan's armies,

Japan's navy,

Japan's air forces,

Japan's war factories,

Japan's whole power to wage war.

In 1945, at the time,

I had just turned 23.

On the sixth of August,

I had a role to play,

um, as the Weapon Test Officer on the Enola Gay

mission to Hiroshima, Japan.

So, I was a civilian employee

of the University of California,

which was the manager for Los Alamos.

And the job that I ended up doing there

was developing the detonators

that made the Fat Man bomb viable.

People say, "What'd you do in those early days?"

And my answer is always,

"Whatever I was told to do."

And I guess, uh,

I wasn't learned enough

or sophisticated enough to appreciate what it meant,

in the long run, for the future of the world.

Theodore "Dutch" Van Kirk: When Paul called me, you know, about the project,

and he got a hold of me one night and said,

"Dutch, I'm forming a new group.

He says, "I'd like to have you for my group navigator."

He says, "I can't tell you what it is,

but," he says, "if it works,

we are gonna either significantly shorten or end the war."

We had been waiting for the results

of the test in New Mexico,

which we learned had been successful.

Captain Parsons gave a briefing.

He had witnessed the Trinity test,

and he had brought movies to show us.

The projector failed,

so he told about the test.

And he said, truly, it was a gigantic explosion,

maybe in the 10 to 20, uh,

kiloton range.

And that certainly--

those numbers certainly had impact with all of us.

We knew it was going to be a big weapon.

The Little Boy bomb was a situation

in which you have uranium-235,

which is almost ready to explode.

And you shoot a slug of uranium

into a hollow cylinder of uranium,

and each of those was almost ready to go off all by itself.

But when you combine the two of them, suddenly,

the chain reaction goes ahead and it explodes.

I guess it was the fifth of August,

we were assembled, and it was explained to us

that we were gonna leave early the next morning.

There was a big ceremony there.

Had lights set up, and TV cameras,

and Admiral Parsons,

and Tibbets and the crews were all standing around.

We had our picture taken, too.

And then, finally, they just said, "Okay."

And we got on-- got on our airplane.

Of course we were very nervous.

There were three planes.

First of all, the Enola Gay,

the one that had the bomb.

Then our-- our plane,

the Great Artiste,

carrying our instruments for measuring the energy.

And finally, there was a plane with observers

that were going to take movies

and stuff like that.

Climbed very slowly on the way.

Navy Captain Parsons,

he and Morris Jeppson went back in the bomb bay

and armed the bomb, in flight, at low altitude.

I had the job of going in the bomb bay,

switching those plugs from testing mode

to arming mode.

And I have the--

I guess the, uh,

maybe I was the last one to touch the bomb.

The weather was perfect.

I could see the coast of Japan from a good 100 miles away.

I could see the city of Hiroshima from 50 miles away.

And by this time, you know,

the bomb site is flying the airplane,

on the automatic pilot, that's the way it works.

And so, we went in,

and finally, the bomb left the airplane.

I knew that it had 43 seconds of drop time

before it would detonate above the ground,

so I started counting.

Everybody on that airplane was counting.

1,001, 1,000...

I think all concluded, almost, that the bomb was a dud.

At 43 seconds, nothing happened,

and I only had a second or two

to have that kind of worry,

because then, the bomb did detonate.

The whole inside of the airplane just was a big white flash.

It just lit up.

And then,

the airplane had quite a shock.

We flew around for a bit

as the mushroom cloud, uh, grew,

and we-- we could see down on the ground

a curtain of dust was spreading out.

You could see the destruction on the ground,

and you knew that meant,

uh, where people lived,

where people, uh, died.

The reaction was one of, almost, disbelief.

We really didn't think the bomb could be that powerful.

And no one spoke with glee.

That sort of expression was not used.

I was busy doing my things,

but also, I did not feel the urge

to pray for anybody at that time.

You-- I probably should have.

Why not? But, uh, I didn't.

In my notebook, all I wrote was,

"It went off. It really did. It really did."

We dropped the bomb, we dropped it on time, on target,

and that's what we were trained to do,

and what we wanted to do.

And finally, as we got to talking about it a little bit more,

there was a feeling that this war was over.

A short time ago,

an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima

and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy.

That bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of TNT.

The Japanese began the war from the air at Pearl Harbor.

They have been repaid manyfold,

and the end is not yet.

With this bomb, we have now added a new

and revolutionary increase in destruction

to supplement the growing power

of our armed forces.

In their present form,

these bombs are now in production,

and even more powerful forms are in development.

It is an atomic bomb.

It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe.

Then I heard the airplane.

I was pointing up at the airplane.

I look up, myself,

at the same time,

I saw that something, a white thing, drop.

Mushroom cloud.

When I looked around,

it was pitch black.

Then no sound.

Then pretty soon,

the blackness going away,

like a fog go away.

Then, see sort of a gray and moving people.

I have received this afternoon,

a message from the Japanese government,

in reply to the message forwarded to that government

by the Secretary of State on August 11th.

"I deem this reply a full acceptance

"of the Potsdam Declaration,

which specifies the unconditional surrender of Japan."

Newsmen rush the president's report to a waiting world,

and through the early evening, Tuesday, August 14th,

the fateful news is flashed.

In New York City, as throughout a rejoicing nation and world,

vast throngs of grateful, happy people

celebrate the end of fighting,

the dawn of peace.

Two million New Yorkers jammed Times Square.

It's official. It's all over.

It's total victory.

Our endeavor in using these bombs was to win the war.

End the war as soon as possible, win the war.

No...

No sympathy.

No, uh, regrets.

Nope. Never had a nightmare.

Never had a dream about this particular subject.

Never had a nightmare, period.

It had worked as designed,

but it had done what war does.

It, uh, it-- it destroys people.

My face was all like a black bowl.

Then, um...

the first thing my father did was...

scissors and cut off my hair,

because all burned and kinky.

So, he cut all the hair.

Then he cut the face,

all the scissors and side,

then peeled off.

Because all black.

At Mitchel Field, New York, 25 Japanese girls,

victims of the first atomic bomb,

which was dropped on Hiroshima,

arrive by special invitation of various American groups.

They're in the US for free plastic surgery

to correct disfiguring scars caused by that explosion.

1955, we came to America

and first time, see all the American people.

Very, very feel...

in a way, exciting,

in a way, curious,

in a way, surprised.

Many, many...

I get sort of a mixed feeling.

Our wonderful sponsor, Hazel Bishop,

as asked that we omit our commercial at this time,

so we'll not interrupt our story,

and we're very grateful to our-- our wonderful sponsor

for this thoughtful gesture.

Now back to This is Your Life, Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto

in Hiroshima, August 6, 1945.

Time is standing still

as our Earth shakes to an explosion

never before equaled.

In a daze, you pull yourself from your position

between the two garden rocks.

That was Mr. Tanimoto's,

uh, This is My Life.

And, uh, he was so--

everything, he was surprised.

And looking down from thousands of feet over Hiroshima,

all I could think of was,

"My God. What have we done?"

Now, you've never met him, have never seen him,

but he's here tonight to clasp your hand in friendship.

Captain Robert Lewis, United States Air Force,

who, along with Paul Tibbets,

piloted the plane from which the first atomic power

was dropped over Hiroshima.

Captain Lewis, come in here close,

and would you tell us, sir,

of your experience on August 6, 1945.

As I said before, Mr. Edwards,

I wrote down later...

"My God, what have we done?"

I saw that.

I-- I cried, too.

Because...

he feels, um...

I know how much he feel bad about it.

And so, Reverend Tanimoto, you on the ground,

and you on your military mission, Captain Lewis,

in the air,

both appeal to a power greater than your own.

Thank you, Captain Robert Lewis.

Now personnel manager of Henry Heidi, Incorporated, in New York City.

Now, ladies and gentlemen, Monday, May 9th,

25 girls from Hiroshima arrived in New York City

via US Army transport.

They're being treated surgically at Mount Sinai Hospital

at absolutely no cost.

Tonight, we would like you to meet two of these girls,

both have lived through the terror of an atomic bombing.

To avoid causing them any embarrassment,

we'll not show you their faces.

May I present Miss Tokoya Uminowa and Miss Tadaka Imori.

There are many, many more people

in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

who were children back in 1945

and who are reaching maturity now

and who will never know a normal, happy life

without immediate medical, and, uh, surgical help.

Now we're sure that there are many among our viewers tonight

who will want to share in Reverend Tanimoto's, uh, dedicated life.

And you can do so by sending your contributions right now,

large or small.

Mr. Edwards, on behalf of the entire crew

that participated in that mission,

my company, and my lovely family,

I'd like to make the first contribution.

Thank you, Captain Lewis, very much.

Everybody, American people, so nice to us.

I remember one thing very clearly.

Japanese custom that people see and bows, like this.

Now, American custom is the hugs.

So, I bowed,

they hugged nothing!

Because I bowed.

They did a skin graft

to open my neck,

little bit by little bit, and then hand, too.

My hand was-- my finger was sort of--

I couldn't move my fingers.

They tried to straight-- straighten out, but they couldn't.

I had, uh, 30 operations,

uh, plastic surgery operations,

maybe more.

I don't remember exactly, but a lot.

The last of the Hiroshima Maidens

depart for home after a year and a half

of plastic surgery in this country,

which diminished, but could not remove the scars

they bore from the Hiroshima atom bomb.

Living reminders of the horror wrought

by the atom bomb in its first use against civilians,

they say now that their sacrifice was worth it,

if only the atom is never again used in war.

We have opened Pandora's Box.

And, uh, the genie has come out,

and he can't be stuffed back in the bottle.

Uh, from now on,

the world will live with the possibility of nuclear exchanges

and nuclear war.

Once it's possible,

and people have the expertise and the money,

they'll do it.

It's quite clear that any nation

that wants to have nuclear weapons

will have nuclear weapons.

It can happen extremely fast.

I see the risk of, uh, radioactive wars

or nuclear wars being quite,

a quite real possibility.

You always have...

these oddballs in the group, and somebody'll say,

"Ah, we should drop a nuke over in Iraq."

The stupid jerk doesn't even know what a nuke is.

And this sort of thing.

If he knew, he wouldn't say that.