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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,515 --> 00:00:04,848 (gentle wind whooshing) 2 00:00:06,644 --> 00:00:10,227 (rousing orchestral music) 3 00:00:34,853 --> 00:00:38,186 (dramatic upbeat music) 4 00:01:06,453 --> 00:01:07,650 (gentle music) 5 00:01:07,650 --> 00:01:09,830 - We start our journey in Mantua, 6 00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:12,443 one of the great renaissance cities of Italy. 7 00:01:14,800 --> 00:01:17,390 Moving south and across the river Po 8 00:01:17,390 --> 00:01:19,330 we come to the town of Parma, 9 00:01:19,330 --> 00:01:21,933 also known as the golden city. 10 00:01:24,460 --> 00:01:27,760 At Maranello, we'll visit Ferrari's famous factory 11 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:30,520 and test track before heading to Bologna 12 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:33,253 and it's fascinating medieval skyscrapers. 13 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:38,640 Making our way to the Adriatic Coast, 14 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:41,543 we stop at the ancient port town of Ravenna. 15 00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:45,570 It's then on to one of the biggest 16 00:01:45,570 --> 00:01:48,683 and best known beach resorts in Europe, Rimini. 17 00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:52,420 We turn inland once more 18 00:01:52,420 --> 00:01:55,230 towards one of the smallest countries in the world, 19 00:01:55,230 --> 00:01:56,253 San Marino. 20 00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:00,737 Before ending our journey at the formidable hilltop fortress 21 00:02:00,737 --> 00:02:02,353 of San Leo. 22 00:02:05,964 --> 00:02:08,964 (gentle vocalizing) 23 00:02:10,070 --> 00:02:12,680 Surrounded by these grand artificial lakes, 24 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:15,640 Mantua's considered a true gem 25 00:02:15,640 --> 00:02:16,990 of the Italian Renaissance. 26 00:02:20,820 --> 00:02:23,360 In it's day, the city was a major hub 27 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:26,053 of arts and culture in Northern Italy. 28 00:02:29,530 --> 00:02:31,170 Dominating the skyline 29 00:02:31,170 --> 00:02:33,863 is the imposing dome of San Andreas. 30 00:02:37,410 --> 00:02:39,380 It's significance as a major work 31 00:02:39,380 --> 00:02:41,290 of 15th century architecture though 32 00:02:41,290 --> 00:02:44,863 is shadowed by the church's religious importance. 33 00:02:46,670 --> 00:02:49,329 Because directly under the dome is a crypt 34 00:02:49,329 --> 00:02:53,000 containing a relic that's believed to have been soaked 35 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:54,453 with the blood of Christ. 36 00:02:56,730 --> 00:03:00,169 Each year on Good Friday, it's brought out on the streets 37 00:03:00,169 --> 00:03:01,833 in holy procession. 38 00:03:09,220 --> 00:03:12,050 The shear passion and romance of Mantua 39 00:03:12,050 --> 00:03:14,070 seems irrepressible. 40 00:03:14,070 --> 00:03:16,780 It is, after all, to this very city 41 00:03:16,780 --> 00:03:19,340 that Shakespeare's Romeo was banished 42 00:03:19,340 --> 00:03:22,233 and where he later heard of the death of Juliet. 43 00:03:23,890 --> 00:03:27,480 Mantua's golden days began in the 14th century 44 00:03:27,480 --> 00:03:31,100 when it came under the control of the Gonzaga family, 45 00:03:31,100 --> 00:03:34,037 one of Italy's great renaissance dynasties. 46 00:03:38,450 --> 00:03:41,404 One fine example of the architecture they commissioned 47 00:03:41,404 --> 00:03:43,627 is the Palazzo del Te. 48 00:03:43,627 --> 00:03:46,210 (somber music) 49 00:03:50,120 --> 00:03:51,660 Nestled in the suburbs, 50 00:03:51,660 --> 00:03:54,970 it was constructed for the Marquess Federico Gonzaga 51 00:03:54,970 --> 00:03:57,163 in the early 16th century. 52 00:03:58,420 --> 00:04:02,513 It took 10 years, and many hundreds of laborers, to build. 53 00:04:03,610 --> 00:04:06,110 At the time of the Palazzo's completion, 54 00:04:06,110 --> 00:04:08,510 it sat outside the city walls 55 00:04:08,510 --> 00:04:11,843 to be used by the Gonzaga family as a pleasure palace. 56 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:16,264 The architecture is in the manura style, 57 00:04:16,264 --> 00:04:18,700 encompassing the various ideals 58 00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:21,543 of harmony and imaginative rhythms. 59 00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:24,790 This approach, 60 00:04:24,790 --> 00:04:28,090 which was trumpeted by artists such as Michelangelo, 61 00:04:28,090 --> 00:04:30,399 sought to represent illusionary effects 62 00:04:30,399 --> 00:04:32,713 through disproportionate shapes. 63 00:04:34,345 --> 00:04:35,178 Although various walls since then 64 00:04:35,178 --> 00:04:40,178 have bore damage, neglect to the Palazzo del Te, 65 00:04:40,470 --> 00:04:44,030 it remains a fine example of Mantura's strong, 66 00:04:44,030 --> 00:04:45,313 artistic legacy. 67 00:04:47,613 --> 00:04:49,200 (uplifting music) 68 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:50,800 The city's three lakes 69 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:53,833 were designed to function as a massive defensive moat. 70 00:04:54,810 --> 00:04:57,410 And if that wasn't enough to deter an enemy attack, 71 00:04:57,410 --> 00:04:59,103 there was yet more protection. 72 00:05:00,293 --> 00:05:03,760 Resting near the shore of the Lago di Mezzo, 73 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:07,413 or middle lake, is the San Giorgio Castle. 74 00:05:08,690 --> 00:05:11,170 Another commission from the Gonzaga family, 75 00:05:11,170 --> 00:05:13,540 the fortress was built in the 14th century 76 00:05:13,540 --> 00:05:16,680 to defend the city and establish military dominance 77 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:17,673 in the area. 78 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:22,831 It's austere but elegant, featuring four corner towers, 79 00:05:22,831 --> 00:05:26,283 a drawbridge, and yet another moat. 80 00:05:28,339 --> 00:05:32,390 Such heavy defenses secured it as a place of refuge 81 00:05:32,390 --> 00:05:34,333 during an attack or siege. 82 00:05:35,870 --> 00:05:38,850 The castle eventually became part of the Ducal Palace 83 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:41,093 and a treasure house of artwork. 84 00:05:42,700 --> 00:05:45,563 For centuries it had held back invaders, 85 00:05:45,563 --> 00:05:50,563 but it was an earthquake in 2012 that caused most damage 86 00:05:50,631 --> 00:05:53,903 leading to closure of parts of the building. 87 00:05:56,310 --> 00:05:58,960 A network or corridors and galleries 88 00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:02,040 connect the larger complex of Ducal Palace, 89 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:04,630 where the Gonzaga family took up residence 90 00:06:04,630 --> 00:06:07,636 between the 14th and 17th centuries. 91 00:06:07,636 --> 00:06:09,720 (enchanted guitar music) 92 00:06:09,720 --> 00:06:13,570 It's a magnificent display of wealth and power, 93 00:06:13,570 --> 00:06:18,570 with over 500 rooms covering 34,000 square meters. 94 00:06:22,740 --> 00:06:24,600 These arches and columns 95 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:27,040 were typical of the more grandiose buildings 96 00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:28,413 of the high renaissance. 97 00:06:34,962 --> 00:06:36,800 A movement born in Italy 98 00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:39,300 where art and architecture were created 99 00:06:39,300 --> 00:06:42,220 to appeal to both emotion and reason, 100 00:06:42,220 --> 00:06:45,823 and were lavishly supported by nobility and the rich. 101 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:52,270 Simplicity of vision and clarity 102 00:06:52,270 --> 00:06:53,780 were the classical ideals 103 00:06:53,780 --> 00:06:56,600 that underpinned many areas of life, 104 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:59,563 and lead to the creation of places like the Palazzo. 105 00:07:06,280 --> 00:07:09,686 More than a royal residence, it was a work of art, 106 00:07:09,686 --> 00:07:13,023 full of high concepts and deep meanings. 107 00:07:17,170 --> 00:07:19,960 Heading south, we cross the river Po, 108 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:24,200 whose banks have been inhabited since neolithic times. 109 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:26,902 It leads us to the town of Parma, 110 00:07:26,902 --> 00:07:29,790 (melancholy orchestral music) 111 00:07:29,790 --> 00:07:32,930 a settlement founded by a group of 2,000 Romans 112 00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:37,253 as part of a colonization project in 183 BC. 113 00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:41,603 For many centuries, it enjoyed wealth and riches. 114 00:07:43,310 --> 00:07:45,128 And during those prosperous times, 115 00:07:45,128 --> 00:07:49,143 was known as Chrisopoulos, or the golden city. 116 00:07:51,228 --> 00:07:54,680 While it's unclear whether this was due to it's location 117 00:07:54,680 --> 00:07:56,780 in the rich, fertile area, 118 00:07:56,780 --> 00:07:59,485 or to it's treasury filled with gold, 119 00:07:59,485 --> 00:08:02,960 it was unequivocally a thriving center 120 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:05,590 of trade and innovation. 121 00:08:05,590 --> 00:08:09,360 In 1561, British diplomat, William Thomas, 122 00:08:09,360 --> 00:08:13,170 described the place as a remarkable city 123 00:08:13,170 --> 00:08:17,030 located between the hills of the Apennines and the river Po, 124 00:08:17,030 --> 00:08:19,720 with pastures so tasty and sweet 125 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:23,040 that the name of Parma is known everywhere. 126 00:08:23,040 --> 00:08:26,503 The streets look as though they've been dipped in honey. 127 00:08:29,270 --> 00:08:32,923 Overlooking the heart of the city is Parma Cathedral. 128 00:08:34,010 --> 00:08:35,732 A Basilica has stood on this site 129 00:08:35,732 --> 00:08:38,207 from as early as the sixth century 130 00:08:38,207 --> 00:08:42,540 with a fortified church erected three centuries later. 131 00:08:42,540 --> 00:08:45,790 A devastating earthquake, in 1117, 132 00:08:45,790 --> 00:08:48,690 almost completely destroyed the building, 133 00:08:48,690 --> 00:08:50,439 but it was painstakingly restored 134 00:08:50,439 --> 00:08:53,020 to it's original splendor. 135 00:08:53,020 --> 00:08:55,060 Then, in the late 13th century, 136 00:08:55,060 --> 00:08:58,883 the 63 meter high Gothic belfry was raised. 137 00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:06,000 Along side stands the cathedral's distinctive octagonal 138 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:09,693 baptistry, commissioned toward the end of the 12th century. 139 00:09:11,250 --> 00:09:13,400 Though little is known about it's architect, 140 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:17,100 Benedetto Antelami, the elegance of this structure 141 00:09:17,100 --> 00:09:20,393 speaks volumes about his mastery over design. 142 00:09:21,310 --> 00:09:24,150 But sadly, he wouldn't have been around long enough 143 00:09:24,150 --> 00:09:25,990 to see it's completion. 144 00:09:25,990 --> 00:09:30,990 Clad in striking pink marble, it took 130 years to complete, 145 00:09:31,410 --> 00:09:35,460 not least, because of the city's long dispute with Verona, 146 00:09:35,460 --> 00:09:37,813 the suppliers of the prized marble. 147 00:09:39,830 --> 00:09:42,390 Today it stands as one of the most important 148 00:09:42,390 --> 00:09:44,440 medieval monuments in Europe, 149 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:46,704 since it marks the architecture transition 150 00:09:46,704 --> 00:09:49,383 from Romanesque to Gothic. 151 00:09:53,390 --> 00:09:56,280 Just east of Parma, it's back to the present, 152 00:09:56,280 --> 00:09:59,123 and cutting edge automotive engineering. 153 00:10:01,980 --> 00:10:05,246 This factory at Maranello has been home to Ferrari 154 00:10:05,246 --> 00:10:09,217 and it's iconic sports cars since the 1940's. 155 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:15,710 Covering 23,000 square meters, 156 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:18,866 the buildings house over 3,000 workers, 157 00:10:18,866 --> 00:10:23,360 all striving to perpetuate Enzo Ferrari's dream, 158 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:26,740 to build the ultimate car that combines performance 159 00:10:26,740 --> 00:10:28,363 with elegance. 160 00:10:29,290 --> 00:10:31,550 It seems he succeeded. 161 00:10:31,550 --> 00:10:34,780 Today, these super cars are the definitive statement 162 00:10:34,780 --> 00:10:38,373 of status, wealth, and of course, prowess. 163 00:10:39,830 --> 00:10:42,620 It's a far cry from the World War II years 164 00:10:42,620 --> 00:10:44,207 when the Ferrari company survived 165 00:10:44,207 --> 00:10:46,863 producing machine tools for the military. 166 00:10:48,585 --> 00:10:50,480 But not long after the war, 167 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:53,640 cars started to churn out at a rapid pace 168 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:56,363 winning a string of international races. 169 00:10:58,792 --> 00:10:59,625 (upbeat rock music) 170 00:10:59,625 --> 00:11:01,403 Many of Ferrari's racing legends 171 00:11:01,403 --> 00:11:03,810 would have tested their metal here 172 00:11:03,810 --> 00:11:08,343 on the factory's private track, the famous Fiorano Circuit. 173 00:11:11,230 --> 00:11:13,640 Since it was built in 1972, 174 00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:15,472 it's undergone a number of changes 175 00:11:15,472 --> 00:11:19,653 to best simulate the most demanding of Grand Prix circuits. 176 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,760 First and foremost, it's a test track 177 00:11:28,760 --> 00:11:31,010 for their production cars. 178 00:11:31,010 --> 00:11:33,440 High tech scanners line the length 179 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:35,230 and breadth of the circuit. 180 00:11:35,230 --> 00:11:38,700 A large skid pan tests tires and handling 181 00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:39,960 with advanced sprinklers 182 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,443 that can soak the tarmac in minutes. 183 00:11:46,370 --> 00:11:49,864 As well as guided tours around the factory, lucky customers, 184 00:11:49,864 --> 00:11:54,680 who may have spent over $400,000 for the latest top model, 185 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:57,663 get to drive their new cars around the track. 186 00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:00,850 But it's unlikely 187 00:12:00,850 --> 00:12:03,316 they'll match Michael Schumacher's record lap time 188 00:12:03,316 --> 00:12:08,316 of 55.999 seconds set in 2004. 189 00:12:14,860 --> 00:12:18,070 A little further southeast we come to this extraordinary 190 00:12:18,070 --> 00:12:22,010 structure that is one of the longest roofed arcades 191 00:12:22,010 --> 00:12:23,075 in the world. 192 00:12:23,075 --> 00:12:25,970 (somber music) 193 00:12:25,970 --> 00:12:30,293 666 arches stretching 3 1/2 kilometers 194 00:12:30,293 --> 00:12:33,560 lead up the side of the hill to the sanctuary 195 00:12:33,560 --> 00:12:35,290 of the Madonna of San Luca. 196 00:12:39,350 --> 00:12:42,651 The basilica church perches 300 meters 197 00:12:42,651 --> 00:12:45,353 over the regional capital Bologna. 198 00:12:48,330 --> 00:12:49,950 The sanctuary was originally built 199 00:12:49,950 --> 00:12:52,370 to house the icon of the Madonna 200 00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:54,200 while the purpose of the arcade 201 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:56,840 was to shelter the relic on it's long journey 202 00:12:56,840 --> 00:12:57,673 up the hill. 203 00:13:01,510 --> 00:13:03,920 It demonstrates what the devout locals 204 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:05,522 were willing to spend on a structure 205 00:13:05,522 --> 00:13:07,793 to house their patron saint. 206 00:13:11,420 --> 00:13:13,780 The lavish Baroque style basilica 207 00:13:13,780 --> 00:13:15,451 was begun in the 17th century, 208 00:13:15,451 --> 00:13:17,728 funded by various popes 209 00:13:17,728 --> 00:13:21,593 until it was finally completed in 1950. 210 00:13:26,210 --> 00:13:28,127 The peaceful tranquility of this place 211 00:13:28,127 --> 00:13:31,420 is momentarily interrupted by the roar 212 00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:34,506 of the jet powered motor of this Squirrel helicopter. 213 00:13:34,506 --> 00:13:37,120 (helicopter blades whirring) 214 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:39,130 It's headed for Bologna, 215 00:13:39,130 --> 00:13:41,820 one of the wealthiest cities in Italy, 216 00:13:41,820 --> 00:13:44,477 and it's also our next stop. 217 00:13:44,477 --> 00:13:47,970 (melancholy music) 218 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:50,060 The stand out feature of Bologna 219 00:13:50,060 --> 00:13:52,583 is the shear number of covered walkways. 220 00:13:53,520 --> 00:13:56,760 Known as porticos, they provide shelter from the rain 221 00:13:56,760 --> 00:14:00,100 or snow as well as a feeling of being encapsulated 222 00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:00,963 in history. 223 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:07,982 Even the great English writer, Charles Dickens, 224 00:14:07,982 --> 00:14:11,920 noted the cool charm of the arcades. 225 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:14,280 In his book, "Pictures from Italy," 226 00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:18,960 he writes, well thanks to God, it's very cheerful. 227 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:20,300 How green it is. 228 00:14:20,300 --> 00:14:21,780 How cool it is. 229 00:14:21,780 --> 00:14:23,073 It's quite a meadow. 230 00:14:27,590 --> 00:14:29,929 Another unique feature of Bologna's cityscape 231 00:14:29,929 --> 00:14:31,730 are the huge towers 232 00:14:31,730 --> 00:14:34,423 that rise up through the buildings and arcades. 233 00:14:35,420 --> 00:14:37,600 Once numbering 180, 234 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:40,534 it's thought that these curious medieval skyscrapers 235 00:14:40,534 --> 00:14:45,233 were built by wealthy families simply as status symbols. 236 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:51,840 Later they served as prison, shops and even residences. 237 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:54,750 (lighthearted music) 238 00:14:54,750 --> 00:14:58,580 The most famous of these are known as the two towers. 239 00:14:58,580 --> 00:15:01,700 The taller one is called the Asinelli, 240 00:15:01,700 --> 00:15:04,470 while the smaller, less upright tower 241 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:05,813 is named the Garisenda. 242 00:15:07,130 --> 00:15:08,910 Great wooden poles 243 00:15:08,910 --> 00:15:10,960 that had been hammered into the ground 244 00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:12,600 provide the foundations, 245 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:16,270 and have somehow kept them safely aloft for centuries. 246 00:15:16,270 --> 00:15:18,763 Though only just, it seems. 247 00:15:23,260 --> 00:15:25,243 As the stone walls climb upwards 248 00:15:25,243 --> 00:15:28,620 the blocks become thinner and lighter. 249 00:15:28,620 --> 00:15:30,540 It may have taken up to 10 years 250 00:15:30,540 --> 00:15:34,263 to build a typical tower to a height of 60 meters. 251 00:15:37,930 --> 00:15:40,196 Over the years the towers have been used 252 00:15:40,196 --> 00:15:42,990 for various scientific experiments, 253 00:15:42,990 --> 00:15:46,373 on the motion of falling and the earth's rotation. 254 00:15:47,970 --> 00:15:51,120 They were also described in Dante's "Divine Comedy" 255 00:15:51,120 --> 00:15:53,783 as bending and leaning through the clouds. 256 00:15:57,180 --> 00:15:59,675 It's strange to imagine a Bologna skyline 257 00:15:59,675 --> 00:16:03,800 was once covered in these tall, square monoliths 258 00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:07,323 with the inhabitants peering down to the streets below. 259 00:16:10,428 --> 00:16:12,850 (brooding music) 260 00:16:12,850 --> 00:16:14,300 We now head southwards 261 00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:17,093 to the famous San Marina Grand Prix circuit. 262 00:16:19,860 --> 00:16:23,150 Originally constructed in 1950 for car manufacturers 263 00:16:23,150 --> 00:16:24,960 to test their prototypes, 264 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:29,373 the track went on to host Formula 1 for 20 years. 265 00:16:30,670 --> 00:16:34,590 It's also known for a tragic event in racing 266 00:16:34,590 --> 00:16:38,970 as it was here, in 1994, that Brazilian racer, 267 00:16:38,970 --> 00:16:43,053 Ayrton Senna, lost his life in a freak accident. 268 00:16:44,110 --> 00:16:47,091 Regarded as one of the greatest drivers of all time, 269 00:16:47,091 --> 00:16:50,560 the triple world champion lost control of his vehicle 270 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:52,913 and crashed into a retaining wall. 271 00:16:54,090 --> 00:16:56,100 Chances are he would have survived 272 00:16:56,100 --> 00:16:59,960 were it not for a piece of metal penetrating his helmet. 273 00:16:59,960 --> 00:17:01,698 He died from a critical head injury 274 00:17:01,698 --> 00:17:05,163 at a hospital in Bologna only hours later. 275 00:17:06,418 --> 00:17:10,133 The track is no longer used for Formula 1. 276 00:17:15,520 --> 00:17:19,520 Nearby is Ravenna, a city connected to the Adriatic Sea 277 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:22,070 by the Candiano Canal. 278 00:17:22,070 --> 00:17:25,330 It's rise to power came in the first century BC 279 00:17:25,330 --> 00:17:27,140 under the Emperor Augustus, 280 00:17:27,140 --> 00:17:29,563 who built a port a naval base here. 281 00:17:32,120 --> 00:17:34,650 As the capital of the Western Roman Empire, 282 00:17:34,650 --> 00:17:37,783 it continued to thrive for several hundred years. 283 00:17:37,783 --> 00:17:39,440 (dramatic music) 284 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:41,480 It later served as both the capital 285 00:17:41,480 --> 00:17:43,410 of the Ostrogorth Empire 286 00:17:43,410 --> 00:17:46,023 and the seat of Byzantine government in Italy. 287 00:17:49,230 --> 00:17:51,330 Many of the buildings still evoke 288 00:17:51,330 --> 00:17:53,283 the town's Eastern heritage. 289 00:17:54,770 --> 00:17:58,880 Even Oscar Wilde, the famous 19th century writer and wit, 290 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:01,491 was taken by it's ancient charm, writing, 291 00:18:01,491 --> 00:18:05,460 I saw that holy city, rising clear, 292 00:18:05,460 --> 00:18:07,833 crowned with her crown of towers. 293 00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:11,970 These unique architectural features 294 00:18:11,970 --> 00:18:14,000 and the mosaics that adorn them 295 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,020 have earned Ravennna the status 296 00:18:16,020 --> 00:18:18,693 of the UNESCO World Heritage site. 297 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,360 The Candiano Canal connects the town center 298 00:18:25,360 --> 00:18:27,943 to the sea 12 kilometers away. 299 00:18:29,570 --> 00:18:31,357 With shipyards, cargo ports 300 00:18:31,357 --> 00:18:34,510 and a major petro chemical plant, 301 00:18:34,510 --> 00:18:37,063 this waterway is as important now 302 00:18:37,063 --> 00:18:38,863 as ever it was. 303 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:43,400 2,000 years ago, a massive Roman fleet 304 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:47,410 was stationed here, instrumental in maintaining control 305 00:18:47,410 --> 00:18:51,053 of the Mediterranean basin as well as surrounding cities. 306 00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:57,530 Today the traffic is more for commerce and leisure. 307 00:18:57,530 --> 00:18:59,610 A passenger terminal offers cruises 308 00:18:59,610 --> 00:19:03,043 to other Italian destinations as well as Croatia. 309 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:08,910 Out towards the sea, we come to the wetlands 310 00:19:08,910 --> 00:19:12,113 and lagoons that characterize Ravenna's shores. 311 00:19:13,170 --> 00:19:16,560 These wild, unspoiled beaches mark the southern end 312 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:20,950 of the vast, natural reserve that is the Po Delta Park. 313 00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:22,873 It's a UNESCO World Heritage site 314 00:19:22,873 --> 00:19:25,933 as well as a paradise for bird watchers. 315 00:19:28,830 --> 00:19:30,620 But, all that changes 316 00:19:30,620 --> 00:19:33,530 as we approach Italy's Adriatic Riviera. 317 00:19:33,530 --> 00:19:37,030 (playful accordion music) 318 00:19:42,530 --> 00:19:45,720 A seemingly endless line of breakwaters 319 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:47,562 protect beaches from erosion 320 00:19:47,562 --> 00:19:51,730 as well as the interests of the regions biggest industry, 321 00:19:51,730 --> 00:19:53,210 tourism. 322 00:19:53,210 --> 00:19:57,253 And seaside towns don't come much bigger than Rimini. 323 00:19:58,470 --> 00:20:01,023 It is one of the best known resorts in Italy. 324 00:20:02,550 --> 00:20:04,660 We've arrived off season. 325 00:20:04,660 --> 00:20:07,260 During the peak months of July and August, 326 00:20:07,260 --> 00:20:11,083 these golden beaches heave with holiday makers. 327 00:20:15,570 --> 00:20:20,570 It's success today belies a history of ups and downs. 328 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:23,580 The town was devastated during World War II 329 00:20:23,580 --> 00:20:27,150 but rapid rebuilding saw visitors from all over Europe 330 00:20:27,150 --> 00:20:28,943 returning in their droves. 331 00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:33,150 In the 1970's, it fought of fierce competition 332 00:20:33,150 --> 00:20:36,254 from other major resorts by remodeling itself 333 00:20:36,254 --> 00:20:39,620 as an entertainment capital with theme parks, 334 00:20:39,620 --> 00:20:41,513 arcades and clubs. 335 00:20:43,010 --> 00:20:46,428 It was a formula that proved a hit with Italians themselves 336 00:20:46,428 --> 00:20:51,090 who now make up over 80% of those choosing Rimini 337 00:20:51,090 --> 00:20:52,863 as their holiday destination. 338 00:20:56,604 --> 00:20:57,680 (enchanted orchestral music) 339 00:20:57,680 --> 00:21:00,860 Just inland, but worlds away from the bustle 340 00:21:00,860 --> 00:21:02,560 of the coastal towns, 341 00:21:02,560 --> 00:21:05,133 lies one of the smallest countries in the world. 342 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,950 An enclave of only 60 square kilometers, 343 00:21:09,950 --> 00:21:12,743 this is the Republic of San Marino. 344 00:21:15,260 --> 00:21:18,684 It's reputed to be one of the world's wealthiest places 345 00:21:18,684 --> 00:21:22,488 when comparing it's small population of just over 30,000 346 00:21:22,488 --> 00:21:25,203 to it's rich and stable economy. 347 00:21:26,210 --> 00:21:29,330 The capital city, also called San Marino, 348 00:21:29,330 --> 00:21:30,930 has it's ancient center 349 00:21:30,930 --> 00:21:34,443 sitting atop this 700 meter cliff edge. 350 00:21:37,990 --> 00:21:39,670 Throughout the walled town 351 00:21:39,670 --> 00:21:42,380 along winding cobblestone streets, 352 00:21:42,380 --> 00:21:44,943 many of which prohibit motor vehicles, 353 00:21:46,170 --> 00:21:49,970 it's population of only 4,000 is vastly outnumbered 354 00:21:49,970 --> 00:21:51,610 during the holiday seasons 355 00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:54,170 by visitors coming to enjoy the sights, 356 00:21:54,170 --> 00:21:55,853 as well as tax free shopping. 357 00:21:59,750 --> 00:22:02,560 On it's northeastern edge lies the basilica 358 00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:06,193 dedicated to the founder of the city, Saint Marinus. 359 00:22:07,070 --> 00:22:09,160 As a Christian, he's believed 360 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:11,630 to have fled from Roman persecution 361 00:22:11,630 --> 00:22:15,150 finding refuge here on Mount Titano 362 00:22:15,150 --> 00:22:18,003 in the year 301 AD. 363 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:21,660 The story continues 364 00:22:21,660 --> 00:22:23,812 that the Christian community he founded here 365 00:22:23,812 --> 00:22:26,967 was bequeathed the land by a sympathetic owner 366 00:22:26,967 --> 00:22:31,420 on condition that they always remain united. 367 00:22:31,420 --> 00:22:33,120 Apparently they did. 368 00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:34,150 The city flourished 369 00:22:34,150 --> 00:22:38,260 until it was granted full independence in 1296. 370 00:22:38,260 --> 00:22:41,760 This makes San Marino one of the oldest surviving 371 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:43,513 republics in the world. 372 00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:50,830 And no trip to the city is complete 373 00:22:50,830 --> 00:22:53,990 without visiting it's most popular tourist attraction, 374 00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:55,513 Guaita Fortress. 375 00:22:56,807 --> 00:23:00,530 For a thousand years this striking castle 376 00:23:00,530 --> 00:23:04,413 has stood on the rock's edge guarding all it surveys. 377 00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:11,170 Guaita is the oldest and tallest 378 00:23:11,170 --> 00:23:14,120 of three such towers surrounding the city 379 00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:16,523 and are depicted on the national flag. 380 00:23:18,650 --> 00:23:21,030 A fitting symbol for the pride and heritage 381 00:23:21,030 --> 00:23:22,480 of the place and it's people. 382 00:23:28,190 --> 00:23:31,330 In 2008, both country and capital 383 00:23:31,330 --> 00:23:34,220 were declared a UNESCO World Heritage site 384 00:23:34,220 --> 00:23:38,340 as a testimony to the continuity of a free republic 385 00:23:38,340 --> 00:23:39,913 since the Middle Ages. 386 00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:46,930 (haunting dramatic music) 387 00:23:46,930 --> 00:23:49,810 We complete our journey just across the boarder 388 00:23:49,810 --> 00:23:54,313 and back on Italian soil at the ancient town of San Leo. 389 00:23:57,180 --> 00:23:59,500 Located on this enormous spur 390 00:23:59,500 --> 00:24:02,400 would have made accessing the settlement quite a task 391 00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:03,873 for early invaders. 392 00:24:06,870 --> 00:24:08,840 But rather than deterring enemies, 393 00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:10,713 it made it even more tempting. 394 00:24:12,170 --> 00:24:14,977 The cliff edge fortress that watches over the town 395 00:24:14,977 --> 00:24:18,931 was constantly fought over until the mid 15th century 396 00:24:18,931 --> 00:24:23,343 when it was finally conquered by Federico da Montefeltro. 397 00:24:25,410 --> 00:24:27,600 When the papers he took control of San Leo 398 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,358 in the 17th century, the fortress was used, 399 00:24:30,358 --> 00:24:32,630 not so much to keep people out, 400 00:24:32,630 --> 00:24:35,020 as to keep them in. 401 00:24:35,020 --> 00:24:37,735 It served as a harsh, forbidding prison 402 00:24:37,735 --> 00:24:41,133 right up until 1906. 403 00:24:43,090 --> 00:24:45,570 Later, it was to become a museum, 404 00:24:45,570 --> 00:24:50,250 housing an extensive collection of armor and weaponry. 405 00:24:50,250 --> 00:24:53,957 Today both fortress and town hold frequent community events 406 00:24:53,957 --> 00:24:56,480 and celebrations. 407 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,430 At the end of June, San Leo hosts a festival 408 00:24:59,430 --> 00:25:03,600 of street artist and markets in remembrance of Saint Francis 409 00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:06,283 who visited the town in 1213. 410 00:25:09,100 --> 00:25:12,600 There's also the curious festival of alchemy. 411 00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:14,605 With lively street parties and fireworks 412 00:25:14,605 --> 00:25:18,283 it celebrates both science and sorcery. 413 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:21,380 But it's certainly hard to imagine 414 00:25:21,380 --> 00:25:24,674 anything that can make San Leo more magical 415 00:25:24,674 --> 00:25:26,563 than it already is. 416 00:25:28,392 --> 00:25:30,953 A perfect place to end this journey. 417 00:25:34,265 --> 00:25:38,015 (energetic orchestral music) 32501

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