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Normandy, France.
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One month after D-Day.
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A Canadian regiment confronts
a notorious SS Panzer unit.
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Accused of horrific war crimes.
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The Canadians and the 12th
SS Hitler Youth had clashed,
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since the 7th of June.
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So, the Canadians and the 12th SS
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have a very vicious personal war.
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For the Germans,
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this leaves no room for compromise.
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It's only victory or death.
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On June 6th, 1944,
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allied forces finally
land troops in Normandy
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to open the Western Front.
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But Nazi fanatics and diehards
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continue to fight ruthlessly
for survival.
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D-Day was a battle.
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The Allies still need
to win the war.
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July 8th, 1944.
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Outskirts of Caen, France.
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The Canadian Regina Rifles
prepare to do their part
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to liberate the French city.
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They scout the approach to their
objective in the Northwest sector.
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And what they saw they didn't like.
It was extremely flat.
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There was very little cover.
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Lieutenant Colonel Foster Matheson
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has brought along
his company commanders:
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Acting Major Gordon Brown,
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Major Eric Syme,
and Major Stuart Tubb,
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to find the best way forward.
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And they're driving around
in universal carriers
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and at one point they get lost.
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The driver takes a wrong turn.
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And they find themselves
in the midst of fighting.
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The Regina Rifles
quickly come under attack.
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One of the drivers
is shot and killed.
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The passengers dive for cover.
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As the battle rages around them,
the vehicles try to reverse course.
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In the confusion,
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the carriers start to pull away
leaving the officers behind.
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It proves to be yet another setback
in the quest to take Caen.
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Only 12 miles from the coast,
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allied forces had planned
to take the city on D-Day.
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But more than a month later,
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the goal has proved
stubbornly elusive.
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Both sides understood
that the capture of Caen
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was crucial to going through
the rest of the country,
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that if you could capture Caen,
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you could enter the rest of France.
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860,000 allied troops
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are bottled up
at the Normandy beachhead.
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The Allies need their forces
to break out into France,
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then east for Paris.
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Caen is a critical road
and rail hub.
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The Germans understood,
if you can defend Caen,
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you can block the Allies' advance.
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These are armored divisions
that had hundreds of tanks.
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They needed good roads
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and so they were going
to be passing through Caen
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to strike at the Allies
who were on the beaches
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and who of course
were very vulnerable.
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The Regina Rifles
have landed in a battle
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between the German
12th SS Panzer Division
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and other Canadian forces.
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This is not the first time
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the Rifles have encountered
the 12th SS.
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A month earlier, on D-Day plus one,
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the Reginas had seized the town
of Bretteville, not far away.
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The Reginas withstood
four counterattacks
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from the 12th SS Panzer Division,
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inflicting 152 German casualties
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and destroying six tanks
to hold the town,
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and earned battle honors
for their unit.
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At a distinct disadvantage here,
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the trucks make a desperate escape.
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The officers of the Regina Rifles
are in danger of being left behind.
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Go, Go!
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They haul themselves
onto the back of a vehicle,
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loaded to their surprise
with crates of explosives.
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They duck for cover as enemy
fire riddles the vehicle,
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and can only hope
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that a bullet doesn't ignite
a fatal explosion.
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After finally clearing
the battle scene,
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the officers take up
their reconnaissance position
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in the nearby village of Authie.
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Earlier that day,
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General Bernard Montgomery
launched Operation Charnwood,
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the British second army's
latest attempt to seize Caen.
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To support the operation,
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the Regina Rifles must
take the Abbaye d'Ardenne,
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which guards
the northwest approach.
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A high stone wall surrounds
the 12th century church
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and its adjoining buildings.
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It was a stone fortress.
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It had a large tower.
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And from the heights of that tower,
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they could see
the entire countryside.
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And so,
it's a really critical position,
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a strong point
that the Germans will use
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both to observe the Allies
coming off the beaches
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and from where they will launch
their counterattacks.
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Flat grain fields surround
the Abbaye on all sides,
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providing clear lines of sight
for German snipers.
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The Germans occupy the only cover:
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a dirt mound
that once held anti-aircraft guns,
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partway across the field.
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Matheson plans
for Major Syme's B Company
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to advance 400 yards
from the village of Authie
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and take the mound.
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Brown's D Company on the left,
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along with Tubb's C Company
on the right,
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are to pass the mound
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and advance the remaining
700 yards to the Abbaye.
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At 1700 hours,
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allied artillery begins to shell
the Abbaye d'Ardenne,
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in preparation for the assault.
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The barrage is meant
to soften up German defenses
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and keep German heads down
as the Canadians approach.
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The artillery will last
for 30 minutes,
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after which the Regina Rifles
will launch their attack.
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The Abbaye d'Ardenne
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is the headquarters
of the 12th Panzer Division
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they had encountered earlier.
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Their commanding officer
is Standartenfuhrer Kurt Meyer.
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The 33-year old colonel
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is one of Germany's youngest
divisional commanders.
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Kurt Meyer
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is an extremely
courageous and brave officer.
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But at the same time,
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he's also extremely ruthless.
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He's very much determined
to the cause of Nazism
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and is also determined
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to instill this ideology
into his men.
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Meyer's Panzer Division
is made up of former Hitlerjugend.
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The infamous
"Hitler Youth" movement
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raised a generation
of German children
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to believe
in their Aryan superiority.
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For the SS leadership,
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12th SS Panzer Division
Hitler Youth
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is a kind of symbol
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for the next generation of Nazism.
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Meyer withstands the barrage
inside the Abbaye complex.
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The main building, as such,
would be too much exposed
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to Allied artillery fire
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or Allied air bombardment.
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So, he situates his headquarters
in a secondary building,
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in the cellar,
so that he's protected.
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As the allied shelling
of the Abbaye continues,
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Brown and the rest
of the Regina Rifles
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try to move into the field
from which they are to attack.
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But it proves difficult.
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Well the Regina Rifles
are pinned down
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because the village of Authie
is not cleared.
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This means that the Germans
are also able to bring fire
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to bear down on the Rifles.
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German counter battery fire
also opens up.
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Several allied tanks
position themselves nearby.
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But as their jump-off time
approaches,
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a hidden German 88
begins to launch shells.
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The 88 millimeter gun
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is the most effective
artillery piece in the Nazi arsenal,
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and feared by allied tankers
everywhere.
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In ground combat,
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it has a maximum range
of over 16,000 yards.
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And a well-trained crew
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can fire a round
every three seconds.
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The 88 quickly destroys
three Sherman tanks.
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As their crews escape,
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they draw German machine gun fire
from the nearby mound.
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Unwilling to stay exposed
to the German artillery,
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the remaining tanks retreat.
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The fighting in Normandy
is often envisioned
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as a slashing tank assaults,
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and almost blitzkrieg like attacks
on the enemy.
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But this was combined
arms warfare
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and if the tanks got too far
in front of the infantry,
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they were easily knocked out
by anti-tank guns
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that are very effective
at this point in the war.
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With their tank support gone,
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all three Regina Rifle companies
are trapped in the open.
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The German barrage continues.
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The Canadians risk being wiped out
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before they can even
leave their lines.
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July 8th, 1944.
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German artillery targets
the Regina Rifles' position
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as they prepare to attack
the Abbaye d'Ardenne,
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which blocks access
to the French city of Caen.
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The Regina Rifles
are dubbed "Farmer Johns"
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by other Canadian units
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because they come
from a rural part of Canada.
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Obviously, Farmer John's
is meant as a bit of a put down.
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But the John's,
they seem to have shortened it,
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they got rid of the farmer part
and they proudly, they embraced it.
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Pinned down due to enemy fire,
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the John's miss the jump-off time
for their attack against the Abbaye.
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In the chaos and the confusion,
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units are late arriving to the front
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and in fact most of the three
attacking Regina companies
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get there
after the barrage has gone off.
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And so, with communications
broken down,
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there's really
a dire situation here.
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The Reginas are looking
at attacking this fortress
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with almost no artillery support.
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The Reginas can only take cover
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and wait for the German barrage
to ease.
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When it finally does,
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Acting Major Gordon Brown
and his fellow officers
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hurry to organize their men.
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At 1800 hours,
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30 minutes
after their jump off time,
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the Reginas commence their assault,
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with Major Eric Syme's
B Company in the lead.
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00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:10,160
The Germans have put the time
to good use.
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During this pause,
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00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:14,440
the German defenders
are able to regroup
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00:14:14,720 --> 00:14:18,000
and sight their machine guns,
sight their anti-tank guns.
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00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:22,120
And this is the worst-case
scenario for any army.
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00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:25,280
As the three Regina companies
start out,
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Baker company is to advance
400 yards from the village
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and take the mound,
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the only cover in the field.
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German forces open fire on them
from all directions.
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00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:54,520
Caen is considered so critical,
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General Feldmarschall
Erwin Rommel
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has assigned elite units
to defend it.
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00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:01,640
Overseeing the defense
of Normandy,
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00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:04,560
Rommel had invested heavily
in the Atlantic wall.
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00:15:05,320 --> 00:15:08,720
It is a series of bunkers,
block houses, casements,
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00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:11,880
fortified positions along
the French, Belgian,
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Dutch, Danish and Norwegian coast.
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00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:19,720
It is supposed to ward off
an Allied invasion.
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00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:23,880
Based on Rommel's experience
with the Allies in North Africa,
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00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:26,640
he knew German tanks
were vulnerable
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00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:28,480
to allied air superiority.
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00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:33,680
Rommel believed the Allies
had to be defeated on the beaches
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00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:35,760
in the earliest hours
of the invasion.
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00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:40,640
The German failure
to do so on D-Day,
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makes the fighting more desperate.
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00:15:42,920 --> 00:15:45,120
Germans are still determined
to fight,
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00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:48,080
because they think
if the Allies win the war,
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00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:51,520
this would mean the annihilation
of the German people.
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This was especially true
of German military leadership,
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like Kurt Meyer,
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00:15:57,200 --> 00:15:59,520
who commands
the 12th SS Panzer Division,
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which holds the Abbaye.
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00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:06,200
How they understand war
is that it must be fought
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00:16:06,320 --> 00:16:08,320
in the most ruthless way
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00:16:08,520 --> 00:16:11,200
because it is a struggle
for survival.
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00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:15,200
Meyer has encountered
Canadian units before.
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00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:19,120
The Canadians and the 12th
SS Hitler Youth had clashed,
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00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:21,200
since the 7th of June.
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00:16:21,280 --> 00:16:23,320
So, really,
the second day of the fighting.
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00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,160
And there had been fierce battles
all over the front.
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00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:36,640
On June 7th and 8th,
255
00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:40,520
Meyer's unit executed
18 Canadian prisoners of war
256
00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:42,160
at the Abbaye d'Ardenne,
257
00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:45,120
in flagrant violation
of the Geneva convention.
258
00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:49,800
For people like Meyer
or for SS officers,
259
00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:51,960
it's all or nothing.
260
00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,840
And there is no way of compromising
with the enemy,
261
00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:58,160
so it's only victory or death.
262
00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:09,400
Now, the 12th SS Hitlerjugend
263
00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:12,400
believed that if they are captured
or surrender to the Canadians,
264
00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:15,080
they will be executed
in retaliation.
265
00:17:17,960 --> 00:17:19,960
And so, the Canadians
and the 12th SS
266
00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:22,760
have a very vicious, personal war.
267
00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:32,920
Regina Rifles B Company
still leads the advance
268
00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,480
towards the German occupied
mound partway across the field.
269
00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:40,720
Faced with heavy gunfire,
270
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:43,760
B Company must run or crawl,
in short bursts,
271
00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:45,240
to avoid being hit.
272
00:17:46,960 --> 00:17:49,760
The Germans open up
with mortar fire, machine gun fire,
273
00:17:49,880 --> 00:17:50,960
sniper fire.
274
00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:53,760
And the Regina Rifles
are being picked off one by one.
275
00:18:12,560 --> 00:18:14,400
As they inch their way forward,
276
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:16,600
the company suffers
heavy casualties.
277
00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,480
There's no easy way
to take out machine guns.
278
00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:22,360
Machine guns firing
500 bullets a minute,
279
00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:24,160
firing on an arc.
280
00:18:25,120 --> 00:18:28,720
You have to sacrifice soldiers
to take that out.
281
00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:35,120
They have no choice
but to keep moving.
282
00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:41,440
Three companies
of the Regina Rifles
283
00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:44,000
commence an assault
against the Abbaye d'Ardenne.
284
00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:49,480
Across more than 1100 yards
of open field,
285
00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:51,320
without tank support,
286
00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,480
and one half hour
after their artillery barrage lifts.
287
00:18:58,080 --> 00:18:59,880
B Company leads the way.
288
00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:03,040
Baker Company advances slowly
289
00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:05,160
and using whatever cover
is available.
290
00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:06,640
But there's not a lot of cover.
291
00:19:06,720 --> 00:19:09,720
So, this means you got to stay low.
You got to stay in the grass.
292
00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:13,560
You got to try to stay out of sight
of any sort of German sniper,
293
00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:16,080
German artillery,
or German machine gun.
294
00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:19,800
So, it is a very slow process
and it causes significant casualties
295
00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:22,480
because every time they pop up,
they get shot.
296
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:24,760
As the casualties mount,
297
00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:27,320
weeks of strain
also take their toll.
298
00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:31,800
The Regina Rifles
were very weak at this point.
299
00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:33,600
They had lost a lot of soldiers
300
00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:35,760
in the fighting
in the first month of Normandy.
301
00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:48,000
As frontline troops
at the sharp end,
302
00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:51,840
they get very little sleep
and endure unimaginable stress.
303
00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:55,520
There's no question
that the lack of sleep
304
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:57,800
and the continual engagement
with the enemy
305
00:19:57,920 --> 00:20:00,080
that just combined
will wear anyone down.
306
00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:04,000
It has been four weeks
of constant combat.
307
00:20:05,360 --> 00:20:07,840
So as these soldiers are engaged
with the German enemy,
308
00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:09,320
as they're approaching the Abbey,
309
00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:11,040
there are soldiers
that are breaking down,
310
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:12,440
there are soldiers that are crying,
311
00:20:12,560 --> 00:20:14,920
there are soldiers that are
catatonic and can't even move.
312
00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:17,840
This now includes Baker
Company's commander,
313
00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:19,360
Major Syme,
314
00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:22,480
who succumbs to what is called
battle exhaustion.
315
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:27,640
Major! Major!
316
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,400
I need a medic!
317
00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:33,640
Though the Canadian division
318
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:36,600
had undertaken psychiatric
screening prior to deployment,
319
00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:41,600
conditions like battle exhaustion
or battle fatigue
320
00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:44,200
prove unpredictable
and claim many soldiers.
321
00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:50,360
By late July 1944,
322
00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:53,320
battle fatigue makes up 25 percent
323
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,320
of all non-fatal casualties
to the Allies.
324
00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:03,120
After D-Day, the British
and Canadian army group
325
00:21:03,240 --> 00:21:06,440
established front-line centers
to treat battle exhaustion.
326
00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:11,680
Therapy is simple:
sedation and sleep.
327
00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:15,560
You want to treat them quickly,
you want to treat them effectively
328
00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:17,200
and then you want them back
in the front line.
329
00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:27,920
As Major Syme
is carried from the field,
330
00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:31,800
the remainder of B Company
continues to press to the mound.
331
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:36,560
As they are making those hard yards,
332
00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:38,760
riflemen would lay down fire,
333
00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:42,160
Bren machine gunners
would lay down heavier fire.
334
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,360
The way they knocked out
those machine guns
335
00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:53,440
was to use grenades
for the most part.
336
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:55,440
And those grenades explode
337
00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:57,080
and they send shrapnel, of course,
338
00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,080
and that's how, ultimately,
they knock out the mound.
339
00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:18,800
The Germans are forced to retreat
back towards the Abbaye.
340
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:36,160
To achieve the objective,
Baker Company is gutted.
341
00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:39,720
61 out of 100 men
become casualties.
342
00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:53,320
With the mound
finally in Canadian hands,
343
00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:57,160
C Company and D Company
now continue the advance
344
00:22:57,360 --> 00:22:59,520
and pass through the remains
of B Company.
345
00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:00,960
From that position,
346
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:02,720
Baker Company
can then provide covering fire
347
00:23:02,840 --> 00:23:04,040
for the other two companies.
348
00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:06,400
You have Dog Company on the left,
Charlie Company on the right.
349
00:23:06,560 --> 00:23:09,440
And Baker Company will provide
very important covering fire,
350
00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:12,120
which will allow the other troops
to move up slowly.
351
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,160
So, the idea simply here is
what we call fire and movement.
352
00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:17,920
Someone's shooting.
Someone's moving.
353
00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,360
To prevent his men
from meeting B Company's fate,
354
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:30,200
Major Stu Tubb,
the commander of C Company,
355
00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:33,800
orders high explosive mortars
against the Abbaye complex.
356
00:23:36,760 --> 00:23:38,160
He hopes the distraction
357
00:23:38,280 --> 00:23:40,440
will provide his men
much needed coverage.
358
00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:43,840
But Tubb receives word
359
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:47,000
that the Reginas have no high
explosive mortars available,
360
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:49,080
and he is offered smoke instead.
361
00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:57,360
This works for a while,
until the wind comes up.
362
00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:00,240
They're now wide open
363
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:02,480
and exposed completely
to German fire.
364
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:04,080
All hell breaks loose.
365
00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,080
Facing heavy enemy fire,
366
00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:25,240
C and D companies
of the Canadian Regina Rifles
367
00:24:25,360 --> 00:24:27,320
must attack the Abbaye d'Ardenne
368
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,160
across 700 yards of open field.
369
00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:31,800
They have just learned
370
00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:34,040
that they've run out
of high explosive mortars
371
00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:36,000
to subdue the German counter fire.
372
00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:40,520
Such shortages have proved
a problem across the allied front.
373
00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:47,480
Just three weeks before,
374
00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:49,840
a major storm
struck the Normandy coast.
375
00:24:51,160 --> 00:24:53,600
Eight hundred ships and vessels
were stranded,
376
00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:55,920
damaged or destroyed
on June 19th,
377
00:24:56,120 --> 00:24:58,120
to further cripple allied
supply lines,
378
00:24:58,200 --> 00:25:00,760
already hindered
by a lack of a deep-water port.
379
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,680
All units were having to make do.
380
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:10,840
Advancing in the open
would be suicidal.
381
00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,080
So, the Reginas fire smoke
to cover their advance.
382
00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:16,880
Once more,
383
00:25:17,120 --> 00:25:19,040
Acting Major Gordon Brown
and D Company
384
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:20,960
press forward on the left flank.
385
00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:28,080
But with the men still 500 yards
short of the Abbaye,
386
00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:30,320
wind clears the smoke.
387
00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:34,680
With the companies now exposed...
388
00:25:36,560 --> 00:25:38,320
...the Germans have clear shots.
389
00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:53,680
In the chaos,
390
00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:57,080
C Company's 13th platoon
stumbles into a minefield.
391
00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:08,840
You don't know where to step,
392
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:10,880
and they are set up
for a number of reasons.
393
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:12,760
One is to cause casualties,
of course.
394
00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:14,880
But secondly to slow an advance.
395
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:19,440
The minefield creates
a shooting gallery.
396
00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:22,320
Riflemen and snipers
and machine gunners
397
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:25,440
will turn upon
those isolated soldiers
398
00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:28,880
who are stuck in the middle,
unsure of where is safe.
399
00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:34,080
As their losses mount,
400
00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,480
Major Stu Tubb enters the minefield
to help extract his men.
401
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:43,640
Tubb falls to German
machine gun fire.
402
00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:48,800
His second-in-command
moves forward to help,
403
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:50,960
and is killed.
404
00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:56,760
C Company's third in command
is wounded moments later.
405
00:26:58,040 --> 00:26:59,840
Wiping out the enemy's leadership
406
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,040
is a time honored military strategy.
407
00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:05,600
And that is a technique that
the Allies and the Germans use,
408
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:07,920
that snipers would aim
for those NCOs
409
00:27:08,120 --> 00:27:10,520
or those lieutenants
or those captains
410
00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:14,680
to try to, in effect,
decapitate the unit.
411
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,760
Without leadership,
C Company retreats to the mound.
412
00:27:30,120 --> 00:27:33,120
They have lost 85 out of 106 men.
413
00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,360
General Bernard Montgomery's
stated goal at Caen
414
00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:41,360
was to draw in German troops
to kill, wound or capture
415
00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:43,000
as many as possible.
416
00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:44,640
A war of attrition.
417
00:27:45,360 --> 00:27:49,360
But the campaign to capture Caen
proves costly to everyone involved.
418
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:54,920
Allied aerial bombing
to support Operation Charnwood
419
00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:57,680
began the night before, on July 7th.
420
00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:03,160
More than 460 aircraft
421
00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:05,440
dropped 6000 bombs on the city.
422
00:28:08,840 --> 00:28:11,720
While the bombing improved
the morale of allied soldiers...
423
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:16,920
...the strategic impact
on German troops was minimal.
424
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:20,360
The rubble created hinders
the allied advance
425
00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:22,520
and retreat by German forces.
426
00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:27,520
It also has got an impact
on French civilian population,
427
00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:30,320
because French civilians perished
428
00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:33,040
and this had a negative influence
429
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,040
on the attitude of the French
population towards the Allies.
430
00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,240
Now, to the northwest of the city,
431
00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:46,360
the remaining 15 able-bodied
members of C Company
432
00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:47,960
retreat to Authie
433
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:50,360
to bring back stretchers
for their wounded.
434
00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:01,360
Almost three hours
after commencing their attack
435
00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:02,840
on the Abbaye d'Ardenne,
436
00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:05,400
Gordon Brown's D Company
437
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:08,080
remain the only Regina Rifles
left in the fight.
438
00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:16,360
Still hundreds of yards
from their objective,
439
00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:20,680
the covering smoke has also
just cleared on their position
440
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:23,600
and leaves them dangerously
exposed to enemy fire.
441
00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:30,280
The 12th SS quickly pin down
Brown and his men again.
442
00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:39,120
Several of the Reginas are hit.
443
00:29:47,520 --> 00:29:49,360
To limit the company's casualties,
444
00:29:49,480 --> 00:29:52,080
Brown and his men push
forward in short bursts,
445
00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:54,720
often gaining
just a few feet at a time.
446
00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:03,840
German troops at the Abbaye
have the ideal weapon
447
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:06,280
to prevent Brown
from achieving his objective.
448
00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:10,440
The MG-42
449
00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:13,200
is arguably the best machine gun
of World War II.
450
00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:16,880
At 1200 rounds per minute,
451
00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:20,840
its rate of fire outpaces
comparable allied machine guns.
452
00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,240
Light, reliable and easy to deploy,
453
00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:29,320
the MG-42 has a range
of nearly 1,100 yards.
454
00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:40,000
To avoid the German machine guns,
455
00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:42,280
D Company's number 16 platoon
456
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:44,760
makes a flanking move
to the left of the Abbaye.
457
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:53,000
The remaining Regina Rifles
continue their frontal assault.
458
00:30:57,920 --> 00:30:59,560
But at 2100 hours,
459
00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:02,560
his runner reports
to Acting Major Gordon Brown
460
00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:05,840
that number 16 platoon
has vanished.
461
00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:12,680
July 8th, 1944.
462
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:15,080
As darkness falls,
463
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:18,520
the Regina Rifles continue their
assault on the Abbaye d'Ardenne.
464
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:23,160
A fortified position that controls
access to the French city of Caen.
465
00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,000
With reports that some
of his men are missing
466
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:29,720
and knowing he needs them all
to seize the Abbaye,
467
00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:36,520
Acting Major Gordon Brown
goes in search of his 16th platoon.
468
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,560
Searching the battlefield,
he makes a disturbing discovery.
469
00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:47,080
And he stumbles
into a small ditch area,
470
00:31:47,160 --> 00:31:48,960
which is a scene of a nightmare.
471
00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:53,160
There are wounded soldiers
bleeding, dying, crying out,
472
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:56,000
and he thinks
that's his lost platoon. It's not.
473
00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:57,800
It's a group of the Can Scots,
474
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,680
who have stumbled
into the battle somehow,
475
00:32:00,840 --> 00:32:03,320
and there are many wounded there.
476
00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:06,920
Brown tries to help.
477
00:32:07,160 --> 00:32:09,560
He bandages some
of the more seriously wounded.
478
00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:12,080
And he's not sure what to do,
479
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:14,680
of course human instinct
is to care for them,
480
00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:17,600
but that's not the role
of a company commander.
481
00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:20,760
And so, he rightly gives them
his water.
482
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:24,280
He must have been parched.
483
00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:28,120
Unable to do any more for them...
484
00:32:29,960 --> 00:32:32,640
...Brown turns back to rejoin
the rest of his company.
485
00:32:34,840 --> 00:32:36,920
He did the right thing.
He did what he had to do.
486
00:32:37,040 --> 00:32:38,440
He did what a soldier had to do,
487
00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:41,240
was to keep pushing
on to the final objective.
488
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:46,680
When he returns,
489
00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:49,680
Brown finds D Company
in the thick of battle.
490
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:55,120
D Company is spread out
over the battlefield.
491
00:32:55,320 --> 00:32:57,200
They're facing a stone fortress,
492
00:32:57,280 --> 00:32:59,920
the Germans
are firing at them non-stop.
493
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:04,080
I'm amazed at how they could
have pushed their way forward.
494
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:08,520
They make a daring charge
for the Abbaye walls.
495
00:33:13,840 --> 00:33:17,080
They do call in some smoke,
and the smoke is quite effective.
496
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:21,080
It obscures the front
for precious minutes.
497
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:28,200
The men shoot
and throw grenades on the run.
498
00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:46,720
Their bold initiative pays off.
499
00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:50,600
At 2200 hours,
500
00:33:50,720 --> 00:33:53,200
D Company reaches
the Abbaye walls.
501
00:33:57,520 --> 00:33:59,560
With the Regina Rifles closing in,
502
00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:03,280
Colonel Kurt Meyer has made plans
to protect his fighting strength
503
00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:05,440
and asks for permission to retreat.
504
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,680
He gets the answer, no.
There is no way to retreat.
505
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:13,720
The reason for that,
506
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:16,760
in the mindset
of the German leadership,
507
00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,240
is where does our retreat end?
508
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:23,600
But Meyer withdraws anyway.
509
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:27,320
He would later claim that he
knew Caen could not be held.
510
00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:30,880
Hitler's order to hold the city
to the last bullet
511
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,360
would mean the needless
and futile sacrifice of his men.
512
00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:37,560
Thus, the desperate
fighting on July 8th
513
00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,040
was to bide time for the evacuation
of Meyer's wounded soldiers
514
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:42,920
under the cover of darkness.
515
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:46,200
They devise a plan to delay
the capture of the Abbaye,
516
00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:49,160
and make it as costly
as possible for the Canadians.
517
00:34:58,240 --> 00:35:00,320
The Regina Rifles
encounter the German soldiers
518
00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:02,040
left to cover the withdrawal.
519
00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:10,720
They launch one final assault
520
00:35:10,840 --> 00:35:14,280
and they find a way through
and around those walls
521
00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:16,080
and drive the Germans out.
522
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:24,640
Some of the Canadians begin
to push into the Abbaye courtyard.
523
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:27,760
Captain Brown
calls the soldiers back
524
00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:30,040
and he tells them to dig in
outside of the walls.
525
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:33,000
Having fought the Germans
for a month now,
526
00:35:33,160 --> 00:35:35,080
Brown knows they are not safe yet.
527
00:35:36,040 --> 00:35:38,600
The Germans will have
pre-ranged their guns.
528
00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:42,280
One of the nice things
about occupying a position
529
00:35:42,440 --> 00:35:43,560
when you're on the defense
530
00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:45,480
is you have it perfectly placed
on your map,
531
00:35:45,640 --> 00:35:48,240
which means your artillery
knows exactly where to hit it.
532
00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:54,080
Learning that allied troops
have reached the walls,
533
00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:57,600
Meyer orders an artillery barrage
against the Abbaye.
534
00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:06,200
Brown's shrewd orders prevent
further casualties amongst his men.
535
00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:13,400
But they have yet to completely
achieve their objective:
536
00:36:13,520 --> 00:36:15,640
to occupy the Abbaye itself.
537
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,280
Heavy German shelling prevents
acting Major Gordon Brown
538
00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:30,640
and the rest of the Regina Rifles'
D Company
539
00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:33,000
from fully capturing
the Abbaye d'Ardenne.
540
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:43,880
As the men endure the barrage,
541
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:46,160
their lost platoon
finally reappears.
542
00:36:51,080 --> 00:36:54,400
During their absence,
16th platoon has been busy.
543
00:36:56,640 --> 00:36:59,880
16th Platoon is able to achieve
something pretty remarkable.
544
00:37:08,560 --> 00:37:11,240
They have knocked out
a battery of German 88 guns.
545
00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:15,440
This means that any Sherman
tanks coming up behind them
546
00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:18,040
are now free to move
in the open countryside.
547
00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:24,000
The platoon's reappearance
548
00:37:24,240 --> 00:37:26,480
brings the company's strength
to 70 soldiers.
549
00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:29,360
But Brown knows
he needs more men,
550
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:32,160
if he's going to take
and hold the Abbaye.
551
00:37:32,680 --> 00:37:35,440
They've fought
for five and a half hours.
552
00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:39,080
They've lost about 200 soldiers
killed and wounded.
553
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:42,080
Many of them left strewn
over the battlefield.
554
00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:45,360
And now in the dark,
crying out for help.
555
00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:48,360
But there's no communication
from front to rear.
556
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:51,680
There's no wireless.
There's no telephones.
557
00:37:52,760 --> 00:37:54,560
Brown and a lieutenant
558
00:37:54,680 --> 00:37:56,640
return to the village of Authie
on foot
559
00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:58,360
to request reinforcements
560
00:37:58,520 --> 00:38:00,520
and inform headquarters
of their progress.
561
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:11,520
But on their way,
562
00:38:11,720 --> 00:38:13,960
the two men are caught
in a sustained mortar attack.
563
00:38:23,560 --> 00:38:25,720
They endure the 80-round
bombardment.
564
00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:30,800
The shelling is another phase
of Colonel Kurt Meyer's plan
565
00:38:30,960 --> 00:38:34,000
to cover the German retreat
of the 12th SS from Caen.
566
00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:38,080
Meyer's withdrawal proves sensible
567
00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:40,040
to protect the unit's
fighting strength.
568
00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:44,720
By the second week of July,
569
00:38:44,920 --> 00:38:47,040
German battle casualties
in Western Europe
570
00:38:47,200 --> 00:38:49,440
totaled more than 100,000 men.
571
00:38:50,800 --> 00:38:52,680
Yet German command
had managed to replace
572
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:55,360
only nine percent
of their manpower losses.
573
00:38:58,480 --> 00:38:59,840
Late into the night,
574
00:39:00,040 --> 00:39:02,880
Brown returns to the Abbaye
walls with reinforcements,
575
00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:05,360
the Regina Rifle's A Company,
576
00:39:05,480 --> 00:39:07,240
which had been held in reserve.
577
00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:23,080
In the early morning hours
of July 9th,
578
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:25,240
the German shelling stops.
579
00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:31,080
It's an eerie calm.
580
00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:33,800
I couldn't imagine what
it'd be like to look around
581
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:36,440
and not hear bullets
whizzing by your face
582
00:39:36,640 --> 00:39:38,960
and not hear artillery rounds
exploding around you.
583
00:39:39,240 --> 00:39:41,240
And suddenly realize
that for a brief period,
584
00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:43,640
there's some calm.
You've done it.
585
00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:54,680
At first light,
586
00:39:54,840 --> 00:39:56,960
the Regina Rifles A and D
Companies
587
00:39:57,200 --> 00:39:59,400
advance cautiously
into the courtyard.
588
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:05,360
So, when Meyer retreats,
589
00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:09,280
he tries to delay the enemy's
advance by leaving snipers.
590
00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:11,960
This gives his own troops time
591
00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:14,120
to withdraw in good order.
592
00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:17,360
With snipers and booby traps,
593
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:20,680
the enemy doesn't feel secure.
594
00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:23,120
He doesn't know where the enemy is,
where he's coming from,
595
00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:25,720
so he must be very cautious
when he advances.
596
00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:30,600
It takes them until mid-afternoon
597
00:40:30,720 --> 00:40:32,800
to clear the Abbaye
of German snipers.
598
00:40:49,240 --> 00:40:52,880
Inside the Abbaye, they discover
the headquarters in the cellar.
599
00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:17,360
Brown, who himself
is beyond exhaustion,
600
00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:21,480
he later talks about almost
being delirious, hallucinating.
601
00:41:32,520 --> 00:41:35,000
An exhausted Gordon Brown
pours a drink...
602
00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:39,160
...climbs into the bed...
603
00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:42,280
...and falls asleep.
604
00:41:56,880 --> 00:41:59,200
The western half of Caen
to the Orne River
605
00:41:59,760 --> 00:42:02,400
would fall to the Allies
by the end of July 9th.
606
00:42:06,120 --> 00:42:08,080
During Operation Charnwood,
607
00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:11,600
the Regina Rifles
suffer 216 casualties,
608
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:14,280
including 36 men killed.
609
00:42:15,640 --> 00:42:17,760
In terms of the casualties
on that day,
610
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:20,000
something like 50 percent
611
00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:23,560
of the combat soldiers were killed,
wounded or taken prisoner.
612
00:42:23,880 --> 00:42:25,440
The casualties were so severe
613
00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:27,680
for Charlie company
and Baker company
614
00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:30,400
that after this combat
on the 8th and 9th of July,
615
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:31,920
they were non-operational.
616
00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:36,640
French civilians
are also deeply affected.
617
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:40,440
Up to 75 percent of Caen
lay in ruins
618
00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:42,200
and hundreds were killed.
619
00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:50,240
After the war,
620
00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:53,040
Colonel Kurt Meyer
faces trial for war crimes
621
00:42:53,240 --> 00:42:56,280
for his part in the execution
of Canadian prisoners of war
622
00:42:56,360 --> 00:42:57,920
at the Abbaye d'Ardenne.
623
00:42:59,880 --> 00:43:03,880
Meyer would be sentenced to death,
later commuted to life imprisonment.
624
00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:08,680
He serves nine years
before being released.
625
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:12,520
The two Canadian
company commanders,
626
00:43:12,680 --> 00:43:14,520
Majors Stuart Tubb and Eric Symes,
627
00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:16,360
recover and survive the war.
628
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:21,000
Major Tubb is later awarded
the distinguished service order
629
00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:24,000
for his leadership and coolness
in the face of enemy fire.
630
00:43:25,560 --> 00:43:28,440
Gordon Brown continues
to serve throughout the war,
631
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:31,640
and would earn
the distinguished service order
632
00:43:31,760 --> 00:43:34,400
for personal valor
and devotion to duty.
633
00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:38,040
While ultimately successful,
634
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:39,720
the capture of Caen
635
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:41,360
confirms that allied gains
could be slow
636
00:43:41,560 --> 00:43:43,640
and sometimes measured
only in yards.
637
00:43:44,360 --> 00:43:46,160
It is clear to the Allies
638
00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:49,280
the road to Berlin
is not a simple walkover.
639
00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:52,400
It will be a costly
and bloody campaign.
640
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:55,680
And the war in Europe
641
00:43:55,800 --> 00:43:58,520
would continue
for another ten months.
51311
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