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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:43,360 I spent nearly a decade investigating war crimes in the former Yugoslavia, 4 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:47,160 and now I head the New York Headquarters Unit of UN´s 5 00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:49,800 Office of Internal Oversight Services. 6 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:56,480 After I published my book about my work for the Tribunal, 7 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:58,920 I lectured across Europe and the US. 8 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:02,080 This lecture was unique 9 00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:06,000 because it took place in the UN General Assembly Hall. 10 00:01:08,063 --> 00:01:09,941 I will start talking about 11 00:01:10,041 --> 00:01:13,796 the investigation of the war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. 12 00:01:14,353 --> 00:01:15,860 But before I start with that, 13 00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:18,422 it's very important that we understand one thing. 14 00:01:18,827 --> 00:01:21,628 There might be some students from the former Yugoslavia here, 15 00:01:22,353 --> 00:01:25,508 and I'll be using the specific examples. 16 00:01:27,327 --> 00:01:31,077 Please, we shall leave the demons of the war sleeping, 17 00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:34,572 because a lot of bad things happen in the former Yugoslavia 18 00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:36,528 from all sides, 19 00:01:36,799 --> 00:01:40,093 from the Serbs, from the Kurats, Bosniaks and others. 20 00:01:41,033 --> 00:01:45,686 And I'll be using an example of the crimes committed by the Serbs 21 00:01:46,246 --> 00:01:47,688 or non-Serbs in Croatia. 22 00:01:48,527 --> 00:01:52,100 It no means that the others didn't commit crimes. 23 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:55,653 I just want you to understand before I start my presentation. 24 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:02,680 I spoke to more than two thousand students from all over the world there, 25 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:07,480 and as I was leaving, some twenty Serbian students stopped and accused me 26 00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:10,200 of giving a one-sided lecture. 27 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:17,880 Although none of them had experienced the conflict, they were hostile to me. 28 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:24,120 I realized then, how painful the trauma still was for the people there. 29 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:20,480 Vukovar must fall tonight. Then we’ll move on. 30 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:38,720 In 1992, I was working for Interpol’s national bureau in Prague, 31 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:43,160 and I had almost no interest in what was happening in Yugoslavia. 32 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:47,240 Until I found out that UNPROFOR, UN’s armed forces 33 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:51,400 that operated in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 34 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:54,000 were recruiting civilians. 35 00:04:01,320 --> 00:04:03,720 The year in war changed me. 36 00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:08,360 After seeing snipers literally hunt people and kill children, 37 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:12,760 I realized I had a moral obligation as a criminal investigator 38 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:15,800 to get involved with the nascent Tribunal. 39 00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:21,480 I knew that I was part of something groundbreaking: 40 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:25,520 the search for a new mechanism of international justice. 41 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:34,600 And at the same time, I was hoping that we could help the nations 42 00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:38,720 of the former Yugoslavia coexist as neighbours again. 43 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:21,800 The hospital became the target of daily shelling 44 00:06:23,120 --> 00:06:26,520 as well as aerial bombing. 45 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:32,920 So we decided to move all the departments 46 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:35,440 to the basement of the hospital. 47 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:44,200 During the entire aggression, we kept treating all patients. 48 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:48,360 We treated Croatian defenders as well as enemy soldiers 49 00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:51,640 but especially civilians. 50 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:06,280 I sent out hundreds of appeals, 51 00:07:06,840 --> 00:07:11,680 urging Zagreb, the International Red Cross, and Geneva 52 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:15,640 to protect Vukovar and Croatia 53 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:18,400 from the unprecedented aggression. 54 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:21,840 Unfortunately, our appeals went unanswered. 55 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:31,640 Citizens! Croats! People! 56 00:07:32,120 --> 00:07:35,080 We know that you want to surrender 57 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:38,040 and that it’s your only salvation. 58 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:40,640 But you must let us know 59 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:45,240 if we should stop or start killing everyone. 60 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:05,080 There were still some 350 people in the hospital 61 00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:09,160 who kept providing care to all the injured and sick. 62 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:16,160 We were once again on our own. 63 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:18,760 To the very end. 64 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:21,400 Till the 18th of November, 65 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:26,160 when an agreement was to be made 66 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:29,120 on the evacuation of the hospital 67 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:33,320 under the oversight of observers from the International Red Cross. 68 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,080 But no one came. 69 00:09:08,680 --> 00:09:12,880 We knew from the beginning that the Yugoslav army had prevented 70 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:16,160 the Red Cross from accessing the hospital. 71 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,800 In the meantime, they brought five buses to the back 72 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:25,000 and secretly took away some 300 people to an unknown location. 73 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,120 Tell us what the problem is. 74 00:09:43,480 --> 00:09:46,880 He sees soldiers walking on the street and trucks going through. 75 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,760 But he can go through. Why doesn’t he? 76 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:54,120 - Go there. You could have gone there. - I just opened the bridge to traffic. 77 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:56,840 But it was closed until now. 78 00:09:57,640 --> 00:09:59,480 There’s war here! 79 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:05,200 We are trying to ensure your safety and peace, and you’re making trouble. 80 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:08,920 If you don’t like it, you can go wherever you do like it. 81 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:18,360 Investigating 300 missing people was a completely new experience. 82 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:24,600 Moreover, their families believed they were being secretly held in Serbia 83 00:10:25,240 --> 00:10:28,600 and trusted us to bring them home alive. 84 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:34,640 For the first ever, I saw someone cry during an interrogation. 85 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:37,560 Even grown men cried every day. 86 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:25,400 Gradually, we realized what had happened. 87 00:11:25,560 --> 00:11:30,160 The fighting in Vukovar ended on 18 November 1991, and two days later, 88 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:33,360 when the hospital was to be evacuated, 89 00:11:33,480 --> 00:11:37,840 Serbian media reported that Croats had murdered forty-one Serbian children 90 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:40,400 on the outskirts of Vukovar. 91 00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:47,360 With emotions running so high, something terrible was bound to happen. 92 00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:51,480 ITV, an independent British TV station, 93 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:57,000 reported on the massacre of 41 children at the Borovo Naselje elementary school. 94 00:11:57,160 --> 00:12:00,560 The station cited photojournalist Goran Mikić, 95 00:12:00,680 --> 00:12:05,000 who said that Croatian soldiers, while withdrawing from Vukovar, 96 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:08,760 massacred entire Serbian families in Borovo Naselje. 97 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:11,840 Goran Mikić is here with us tonight. 98 00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:16,040 You came back from Borovo Naselje last night. 99 00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:20,520 Please, tell us in brief what you saw. The school, the children... 100 00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:26,280 We simply saw body bags filled with small dead bodies. 101 00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:30,040 I managed to get within some 20 meters of them 102 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:35,440 You could clearly see that they were 5, 6, 7-year-old children, 103 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:38,240 their heads lying in pools of blood. 104 00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:42,440 It was such a horrible sight that even the soldiers cried. 105 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:44,240 And... 106 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:49,760 - at the cost of our lives, we wanted... - How many bodies were there? 107 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,560 They were pulling them out of a cellar 108 00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:57,720 and pairing heads with bodies. It was just terrible. 109 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:01,080 I believe there were around 40 of them. 110 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:06,280 - I couldn’t count them... - But you had your camera. -Yes. 111 00:13:06,440 --> 00:13:10,000 - Did you try to take pictures? - I did, I got up, 112 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:14,160 but bullets were flying everywhere. One of the soldiers cocked his gun 113 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:17,240 and told me to duck unless I wanted to get shot too. 114 00:13:45,960 --> 00:13:49,120 We couldn’t locate Goran Mikić, 115 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:53,240 but I managed to contact Italian journalist Milena Gabanelli, 116 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:55,880 who was also used by the Serbs. 117 00:13:56,440 --> 00:14:00,520 She was brought to Vukovar by Serbian paramilitary unit commander 118 00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:02,680 Željko Ražnatović Arkan. 119 00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:08,480 This is an Italian journalist, 120 00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:11,520 who just couldn’t believe it 121 00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:15,480 until she saw it with her own eyes and filmed it. 122 00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:20,688 Where is international community? Where is Amnesty International? 123 00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:23,783 Where is Vatican? Nobody is here. 124 00:14:24,177 --> 00:14:27,872 What I would like to understand, and I feel guilty for that, 125 00:14:28,938 --> 00:14:32,450 a mass of killed people I saw. 126 00:14:33,750 --> 00:14:38,051 So I can say to God that I saw this. 127 00:14:39,605 --> 00:14:53,063 I cannot say that there were 40 children because I didn't have time to see this. 128 00:14:54,020 --> 00:15:01,308 It was a situation so very dangerous, very confused, it was dark 129 00:15:01,332 --> 00:15:08,595 and people that accompanied me, that threw me out in a tank 130 00:15:09,160 --> 00:15:13,750 told me that there were 40 children. 131 00:15:14,693 --> 00:15:19,071 I interviewed a guy who was among those who were doing the killing 132 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:23,689 and he said that he heard the news about Korats killing our children, 133 00:15:24,501 --> 00:15:26,020 so they decided to kill those. 134 00:15:27,598 --> 00:15:36,558 It's enough one shot. 135 00:15:38,485 --> 00:15:39,519 It's enough one. 136 00:15:39,932 --> 00:15:45,167 Let's start the game and then people get full completely. 137 00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:53,600 Despite having doubts, Gabanelli decided to report on the child killings, 138 00:15:54,480 --> 00:15:58,760 but before she did, Reuters had spread this fake news around the world 139 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,200 and retracted it a day later. 140 00:16:01,760 --> 00:16:05,520 But the events in Vukovar had already begun unfolding. 141 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,000 Some woman in the hospital 142 00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:16,640 gave me ten or twenty thousand dinars 143 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:20,400 because we thought we were going to Zagreb. 144 00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:24,000 But we went straight to Ovčara. 145 00:16:46,680 --> 00:16:49,720 There were some two hundred and fifty of us. 146 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,040 We were terribly scared. 147 00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:02,520 Had we known they were going to kills us 148 00:17:02,680 --> 00:17:05,200 we’d have probably tried to escape. 149 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:09,680 Who would have thought they’d kill five busfuls of people. 150 00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:34,360 Zorić hit me over the head. 151 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:37,680 Tears start coming down my face. 152 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:42,080 I’m bleeding here on the head, where he hit me with the stick, 153 00:17:42,960 --> 00:17:46,400 and I still can’t believe this is really happening. 154 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,720 I knew Zorić, and I knew his two sons. 155 00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:58,240 I knew Bulidža. I used to play football with him. 156 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,880 I knew Lunčužanin. I knew Dokmanović. 157 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:08,800 He scissor-kicked one boy in the face, 158 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:11,920 and he grabbed Dado Djukić, who was kneeling, 159 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:15,760 and slammed his head against the concrete floor. 160 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:29,240 Siniša Glavašević came in after me. 161 00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:32,920 When Dokmanović and his pack saw him 162 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,240 seven of them came at him at once. 163 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:55,280 We had four main suspects in the Ovčara case. 164 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,160 Three high-ranking officers of the Yugoslav army 165 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:03,280 and Slavko Dokmanović, a civilian and the mayor of Vukovar. 166 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:08,440 He too was responsible for what happened at Ovčara. 167 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,160 He even abused the captives himself. 168 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:15,680 And he was the first one we located. 169 00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:24,360 We managed to convince his wife to give us an interview for the film. 170 00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:27,000 But I didn’t attend it. 171 00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:33,680 It happened at night, and there was no power. Even the witnesses said so. 172 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:39,240 One couldn’t recognize their own mother in such darkness, let alone him. 173 00:19:39,360 --> 00:19:41,560 He could not have got there. 174 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,960 Even if he wanted to. Even if he knew about it. 175 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:49,440 When he read about it in the newspaper he was horrified, 176 00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:53,200 and he said: “Someone’s head will roll for this” 177 00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:04,240 He was a decent, honest, and hard-working man. 178 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:10,160 A respectable, good man. 179 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,560 In the first democratic election in Croatia, 180 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:17,640 he received by far the most votes and beat all other citizen’s groups. 181 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:21,760 There were not just Serbs. Vukovar is a multinational city 182 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,200 with Muslim, Croat, Serbian, and Roma citizens. 183 00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:30,840 Since he won the election, he was appointed municipality chairman. 184 00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:35,640 His official title was Chairman of the Municipality of Vukovar. 185 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,160 While preparing for the trial, we came to the conclusion 186 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:09,040 that we needed a witness from the unit that did the killing at Ovčara. 187 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:13,360 A witness who was not a mass murderer 188 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,680 otherwise they would not be credible. 189 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:25,720 Looking back now, 190 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:30,920 I’m certain that I already knew all the prisoners would be killed, 191 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:34,440 and I couldn’t do anything about it. 192 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,680 I drove away this professor, his wife, and one boy, 193 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:56,560 we used to be neighbours in Mitnica. 194 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:01,840 and several other people I knew from Vukovar, 195 00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:04,280 and then I returned to Ovčara. 196 00:22:10,560 --> 00:22:13,880 I asked if I could take away some more people, 197 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,480 and they told me that I could take ten more. 198 00:22:18,360 --> 00:22:21,840 I took them out, where they got on a trailer. 199 00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:27,760 When they left, my commander came to me 200 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:30,160 and told me that I was doing a good job. 201 00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,240 That they followed me like sheep. 202 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:45,720 He ordered me to keep separating them into groups. That’s when I realized 203 00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:48,520 that the first group had been killed 204 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:52,800 and that everyone else would be killed too. 205 00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:19,560 Even though he saved several people at Ovčara and his testimony helped us, 206 00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:21,760 I can’t think highly of him. 207 00:23:23,120 --> 00:23:25,760 He now lives under a secret identity. 208 00:23:26,720 --> 00:23:29,160 He got off really cheap. 209 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:34,680 But I cannot forget the things he was involved in in Vukovar and at Ovčara. 210 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:41,440 How hard must it be to accept such people when you live there? 211 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:44,360 Is it possible at all? 212 00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,400 I arrived at Ovčara in August 1996, expecting that the exhumation 213 00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:09,640 would take about three weeks. 214 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:26,960 But the first layer of soil revealed that there would be hundreds of bodies. 215 00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:36,880 Heads, arms, and legs were protruding from the ground. 216 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:40,320 It was clear the exhumation would take much longer. 217 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,640 In the end, I spent seven weeks there. 218 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:17,680 I left reeking of dead bodies. 219 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,400 I managed to wash the stench away, 220 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:27,000 but you can’t rid yourself of what gets stuck in your head. 221 00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:03,080 At the time the Hague Tribunal was established, 222 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:08,160 I was the head of the Croatian Commission for Missing Persons. 223 00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:11,920 That’s when I met Vladimír. 224 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:17,320 It was in our common interest to bring Dokmanović to the Hague. 225 00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:22,560 The Tribunal had existed for four years. 226 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,160 There were judges, prosecutors, investigators, lawyers, analysts, 227 00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:29,720 but no perpetrators. 228 00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:35,360 The former Yugoslav countries did not cooperate in arresting war criminals, 229 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:39,280 and NATO claimed it had no mandate to get involved. 230 00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,560 He was in hiding. 231 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:53,520 Another country was hiding him although they knew he was a criminal. 232 00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:58,680 He was not from Serbia, he was from Croatia, and he hid in Serbia, 233 00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:03,480 which protected him and sheltered him from justice 234 00:27:03,840 --> 00:27:07,120 instead of bringing him to trial, 235 00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:11,320 as was their obligation to the International Criminal Tribunal. 236 00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:20,000 We got a permission to act on our own and try to lure Dokmanović 237 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,960 to UN-controlled territory where we could arrest him. 238 00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:31,720 He had to cross the Bogojevo Bridge between Serbia and Croatia voluntarily. 239 00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:38,040 Otherwise it would be considered kidnapping and, therefore, inadmissible. 240 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:56,440 Sometime in February, he got a call to come to Vukovar 241 00:27:56,520 --> 00:28:01,240 to discuss what would await the Serbs once the Croatian government took over. 242 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:05,880 He asked what would happen with the property Serbs left behind 243 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:08,440 since our house was there as well. 244 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,160 They promised him safety, 245 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,680 and he took the bait. 246 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:16,880 We urged him not to go, 247 00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:21,520 but he was the kind of person who always makes good their promise. 248 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,320 “I promised I would go, and I will.” 249 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:27,360 And so he went. 250 00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:41,560 We were taken from Vukovar to where the arrest was to take place. 251 00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:47,240 We hid in two white containers and then waited for ages. 252 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:52,520 The heat inside was suffocating, and our anxiety was palpable. 253 00:28:54,880 --> 00:29:00,080 After the escort left for the bridge to wait for Dokmanović to cross over, 254 00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:03,680 the atmosphere grew even tenser. 255 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,640 It was perfectly clear to us that if the arrest failed, 256 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:23,160 if any of us was injured or even killed, 257 00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:28,560 it would paralyse the Tribunal as such operation would never be approved again. 258 00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:34,880 The Tribunal would fizzle out without any impact and fade into memory. 259 00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:39,480 But then we heard the agreed signal. 260 00:30:39,480 --> 00:30:43,320 Mr. Dokmanović, my name is Vladimír Dzuro. 261 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:48,600 I work for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 262 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:53,840 The Tribunal has issued an arrest warrant in your name. 263 00:30:54,920 --> 00:31:00,040 You are charged with grave breaches of the Geneva Convention, war crimes, 264 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:06,320 and crimes against humanity for your role in the abuse and the killings at Ovčara 265 00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,840 near Vukovar on 20 November 1991. 266 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:15,160 Did you understand all I said? 267 00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:17,680 I did, but it’s not true. 268 00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:21,120 I had a sort of premonition. 269 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:25,320 The news had already started, 270 00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:29,280 but we were sitting on the terrace, and the TV wasn’t on. 271 00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:34,360 Then one of our friends who worked with him called us, 272 00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:37,200 and he said in a trembling voice: 273 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:41,320 “Danilka, BK just announced that Slavko is in Hague.” 274 00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:48,080 I was to read Dokmanović his rights, and thus become the first investigator 275 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:50,360 to do so since WW2. 276 00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:57,400 Any mistake could result in the court releasing him due to a procedural error. 277 00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:03,360 I felt it was my duty not to disappoint the families of the Ovčara victims, 278 00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:07,760 who were waiting for someone to finally answer for the crimes. 279 00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:06,440 We never said that Dokmanović was the worst Yugoslav war criminal. 280 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:12,680 There were far greater monsters, who massacred thousands of people. 281 00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:18,240 But we wanted him arrested, tried, and convicted like all the others 282 00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:22,680 to show that the hand of justice could reach all the perpetrators, 283 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:24,960 even the political elites. 284 00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:45,080 The prison was empty, and there were no Serbs. 285 00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:49,960 So they would grab anyone just to justify their existence. 286 00:33:55,480 --> 00:33:58,600 Serbia was demonised. 287 00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:01,240 I suppose that was their main goal. 288 00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:04,400 So after they brought him in, 289 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,400 they retroactively added his name to the indictment. 290 00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:23,920 I only met Toma Fila during my questioning about Dokmanović’s alibi. 291 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:30,280 Before I entered the courtroom, my colleague Clint Williamson told me: 292 00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:35,920 "Whatever happens during the cross-examination, tell the truth. 293 00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:41,640 We can deal with the truth. But if Fila catches you lying, we’re screwed." 294 00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:47,320 Fila welcomed me with a smile and said he had just a few questions, 295 00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:51,520 and in the end, I was cross-examined for three days. 296 00:34:53,080 --> 00:34:57,920 We realized that more than Dokmanović, he was defending the Serbian regime 297 00:34:58,000 --> 00:34:59,960 and President Slobodan Milošević. 298 00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:05,520 We didn’t know how else to explain that he had Dokmanović testify twice, 299 00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:08,560 given his disastrous first testimony 300 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,000 and poor mental state. 301 00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:13,480 14 December 1949 302 00:35:14,600 --> 00:35:18,080 Your Honour, the witness needs not to be instructed. 303 00:35:32,960 --> 00:35:34,560 Not guilty. 304 00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:42,760 Not guilty. 305 00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:49,920 Not guilty. 306 00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:57,440 Not guilty. 307 00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:04,680 That year was like a concentration camp for us. 308 00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:07,320 For us and for him. 309 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,440 It was awful. We would cry every day. 310 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,080 He and we. He on the telephone. 311 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:17,400 And even when we visited him, we would cry all the time. 312 00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:22,320 Even when we were with him, we didn’t know what to say. 313 00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:26,600 I can’t even describe how we felt. 314 00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:29,080 Awful. Awful. 315 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:33,480 And on Vidovdan in 1998, at half past one in the morning, 316 00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:39,040 Fila’s people called to tell me they found him dead in his cell. 317 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:53,280 He imposed a punishment on himself that the Tribunal never would. 318 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:02,320 We were back at the beginning. 319 00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:05,920 All our effort, two years of work... 320 00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,880 and justice was not served. 321 00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:11,520 It had all been for nothing. 322 00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:24,160 I went to Hague five times. 323 00:37:25,640 --> 00:37:29,360 Was it necessary each time? I don’t think so. 324 00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:32,120 Let’s say they needed me there twice. 325 00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:36,360 It was worthwhile to them to repeat it again and again. 326 00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:39,840 So all in all, I can’t really... 327 00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,440 I can’t praise them. 328 00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,720 They simply made good money. 329 00:38:25,760 --> 00:38:28,880 I think we aroused high expectations. 330 00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:35,160 When the Tribunal was established, it was stressed that it’s goals 331 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:39,720 were both to convict war criminals and reconcile the ex-Yugoslav nations, 332 00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:44,400 which gave the impression that it would solve all problems. 333 00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,800 We hoped that Yugoslavia would go the way of post-war Germany. 334 00:39:01,720 --> 00:39:04,480 But Yugoslavia was not Germany. 335 00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:51,720 The Serbian side was doing everything they could 336 00:39:51,880 --> 00:39:56,400 to justify their aggression against Vukovar and Croatia, 337 00:39:56,640 --> 00:40:00,880 arguing that it was necessary in order to protect Serbs from Croats. 338 00:40:01,840 --> 00:40:05,480 To cover up their own war crimes, 339 00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:09,960 they brought charges against Dr. Njavro and me in Serbia. 340 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:15,200 They claimed that we had not treated injured Serbs properly 341 00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:18,040 and that our inadequate treatment 342 00:40:18,160 --> 00:40:21,960 resulted in the death of one Yugoslav soldier. 343 00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:28,000 The last time I was to go to Hague to testify, 344 00:40:28,160 --> 00:40:30,840 they called me the day before to tell me 345 00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:33,760 an arrest warrant had been issued in my name. 346 00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:36,280 I told them I wouldn’t go then. 347 00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:40,040 I didn’t want to end up in a Serbian prison again. 348 00:40:40,200 --> 00:40:43,680 Later, whenever I wanted to travel somewhere, 349 00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:49,080 I would first check with the police if there was a warrant in my name. 350 00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:55,640 Many people, including myself, come to the conclusion 351 00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:58,680 that the Tribunal... 352 00:40:59,240 --> 00:41:02,920 would bring the victims no satisfaction. 353 00:41:03,320 --> 00:41:06,840 Neither justice nor the rule of law. 354 00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:12,560 And that was really very disappointing and brought disillusionment 355 00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:16,320 to all of us in Croatia. 356 00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:30,280 Many of the people who actually did the killing never stood trial. 357 00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:37,040 This inevitably causes frustration among those affected by the war. 358 00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:41,680 Justice will never be served in full, 359 00:41:42,240 --> 00:41:46,520 and since the Tribunal has become such a lightning rod for frustration, 360 00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,840 it will take people a lot of time to come to terms with the past. 361 00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:04,080 We pray to you, Lord, for all who sacrificed their lives for Vukovar. 362 00:42:04,720 --> 00:42:08,400 For those who laid down their lives for Vukovar, 363 00:42:08,640 --> 00:42:12,160 and especially those gruesomely murdered 364 00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:15,200 and buried in a mass grave at Ovčara. 365 00:42:15,360 --> 00:42:19,520 Justice should have been dispensed in the former Yugoslavia, 366 00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:24,320 in courts in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 367 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:27,120 but that was impossible at the time, 368 00:42:27,240 --> 00:42:30,600 and even now, more than 25 years after the war, 369 00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:33,320 it is still very difficult. 370 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:40,680 It’s easy to try Croats in Serbia and vice versa, 371 00:42:41,080 --> 00:42:45,680 but it’s very difficult to try Croats in Croatia and Serbs in Serbia 372 00:43:22,840 --> 00:43:26,440 Good afternoon, citizens of Sanski Most, 373 00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,400 the city for peace and unity. 374 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:33,240 We are happy to see that so many of you gathered here 375 00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:39,040 to hear our messages, with which we want to call for peace 376 00:43:39,240 --> 00:43:41,560 and for people to get along again 377 00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:44,800 in Bosnia and Herzegovina and our Yugoslavia. 378 00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:47,520 Love and peace... 379 00:43:47,640 --> 00:43:50,360 Love and peace... 380 00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:53,280 Let’s sing about love, 381 00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:56,240 let us all sing! 382 00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:58,840 Love and peace... 383 00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:01,600 Love and peace... 384 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:04,720 Let’s sing about love, 385 00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:07,240 let us all sing! 386 00:44:19,200 --> 00:44:21,440 Love and peace... 387 00:44:21,720 --> 00:44:24,480 Love and peace... 388 00:44:24,720 --> 00:44:27,640 Let’s sing about love, 389 00:44:27,800 --> 00:44:30,400 let us all sing! 390 00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:35,880 Peace is behind us, peace is in front of us, and it’s next to us. 391 00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:39,480 And where else should it be? 392 00:44:39,640 --> 00:44:43,040 In Yugoslavia, in our hearts! Do we all agree? 393 00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:45,040 Yes we do! 394 00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:47,880 It seems children come first. 395 00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:51,280 There have been happenings for peace here before, 396 00:44:51,400 --> 00:44:53,400 but never with so many people. 397 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:18,200 In 1992, when the Bosnian War started, 398 00:45:19,160 --> 00:45:23,240 many people fled from here, especially Bosnians and Croats. 399 00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:29,680 I too was waiting in the line for the papers you needed to leave, 400 00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:35,120 but they suddenly stopped it, and said: “No more departures.” 401 00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:38,120 “These people will stay here.” 402 00:45:38,360 --> 00:45:42,040 They kept us here literally by force 403 00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:45,640 to do the hardest work for them. 404 00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:51,000 We had to cut down trees and repair local roads, for example. 405 00:45:51,680 --> 00:45:56,480 Then they started sending us to the front lines. That was the worst. 406 00:45:57,680 --> 00:46:01,360 Some will praise us, and others will criticise us. 407 00:46:01,800 --> 00:46:06,240 The enemy will definitely criticise us because as you have seen or heard 408 00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:09,120 we don’t treat them with kid gloves. 409 00:46:10,280 --> 00:46:12,920 But our people will praise us. 410 00:46:14,160 --> 00:46:18,840 Especially people of this region, whom we came to help. 411 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:23,200 To save them from this pure fascism. 412 00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:29,200 Later, our team started investigating the Arkan case. 413 00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:36,600 Željko Ražnatović participated in the war from its very beginning. 414 00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:42,120 He put together his own paramilitary unit called Arkan’s Tigers. 415 00:46:43,520 --> 00:46:47,400 He was already a criminal, and his involvement in the war 416 00:46:47,520 --> 00:46:50,200 was motivated by his own interests. 417 00:46:51,320 --> 00:46:56,000 We first noted his activities in 1991 during the fighting around Vukovar. 418 00:46:57,560 --> 00:47:01,880 Our later investigation focused on the Bosnian town of Sanski Most, 419 00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:07,520 where he had a base in the Sanus Hotel, and where he initiated ethnic cleansing. 420 00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:29,120 Two years later, we stayed there too. 421 00:47:29,720 --> 00:47:33,480 Not because the place was directly connected to the crimes, 422 00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:37,520 but because it was far and wide the only open hotel. 423 00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:55,440 We came here to stop the attack of the Muslims, 424 00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:59,160 and to repel their attack 425 00:47:59,320 --> 00:48:02,960 along the entire front line. 426 00:48:03,480 --> 00:48:06,640 I would like to ask the citizens 427 00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:10,840 not to run away because we definitely won’t run away, 428 00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:16,200 and to remain in their houses until it’s safe out here. 429 00:48:16,720 --> 00:48:19,160 We’ll protect them to the last tiger. 430 00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:39,880 There was a small window above the door to the boiler room. 431 00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:41,800 Tiny, really. 432 00:48:42,320 --> 00:48:45,760 We all had to squeeze inside through that window. 433 00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:50,200 One of us was a bit stocky, 434 00:48:50,480 --> 00:48:53,560 and the poor guy got stuck in the window. 435 00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:58,720 The soldiers beat him from behind until he fell in. 436 00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:03,160 He was half dead. 437 00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:08,800 Arkan’s soldiers tortured us 438 00:49:08,880 --> 00:49:11,800 and forced us to do unspeakable things. 439 00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:15,560 They beat one young man so much 440 00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:17,880 that he shit his pants. 441 00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,240 One of the soldiers made him lick his own faeces 442 00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:24,560 until his underwear was clean. 443 00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:29,640 Two men died in the boiler room. 444 00:49:30,080 --> 00:49:33,440 Their bodies laid there with us for several days. 445 00:49:33,680 --> 00:49:36,200 They wouldn’t let us take them out. 446 00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:40,600 When the smell of the bodies spread to the courtyard, 447 00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:44,160 they finally allowed us to carry them out. 448 00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:48,400 Arkan simply 449 00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:51,480 arrested and killed 450 00:49:51,880 --> 00:49:53,520 non-Serbs. 451 00:49:54,040 --> 00:49:57,360 So they grabbed anyone who was not a Serb, 452 00:49:58,080 --> 00:50:00,800 they arrested them and killed them. 453 00:50:05,720 --> 00:50:08,000 When we arrived in Sanski Most 454 00:50:08,120 --> 00:50:11,720 on a truck loaded with ammunition and weapons, 455 00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:15,320 we stopped in front of the Sanus Hotel. Arkan came out 456 00:50:15,440 --> 00:50:18,440 and one by one asked our names. 457 00:50:19,120 --> 00:50:22,120 Then he sent us to one of the corridors 458 00:50:22,680 --> 00:50:27,080 and told us to take a rest because we would have a lot of work. 459 00:50:31,240 --> 00:50:33,680 After a while, this... 460 00:50:33,880 --> 00:50:38,320 smallish guy came in and asked me: “Are you a Turk?” 461 00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:44,200 “If you are a Turk, sit down and cross your legs like Turks do.” 462 00:50:44,680 --> 00:50:46,920 “And get your head to the floor.” 463 00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:52,080 I could never cross my legs before, but I managed to do it then out of fear. 464 00:51:04,520 --> 00:51:09,640 I saw that they were handcuffing us into pairs and loading us into a truck. 465 00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:43,800 They lifted the tarp and said: “Two of you outside.” 466 00:51:44,640 --> 00:51:48,560 Shortly after the first pair stepped out, there were two shots. 467 00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:59,400 And so it went on: “Next! Next!” We went into some garage, 468 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:04,480 and there I saw the two who went before us dead on the ground. 469 00:52:10,320 --> 00:52:14,960 I suppose I stumbled over one of the bodies there 470 00:52:15,760 --> 00:52:19,280 so the bullet that he probably fired at my heart 471 00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:23,160 hit me a little higher and went through my collar bone. 472 00:52:42,800 --> 00:52:46,640 When I realized I was alive, I pretended to be dead. 473 00:52:47,440 --> 00:52:51,440 Someone in the pile of dead bodies was still gurgling. 474 00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:57,280 One of them said: “Some are still alive. Shoot each one in the head.” 475 00:52:58,760 --> 00:53:01,800 The bullet they shot at me hit me in the chin. 476 00:53:22,160 --> 00:53:27,080 Because Arkan was still alive, the investigators from Hague asked me 477 00:53:27,160 --> 00:53:31,160 if I wanted protection since I decided to testify. 478 00:53:31,800 --> 00:53:34,560 I went there to prove the involvement 479 00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:38,720 of the Serbian army in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 480 00:53:39,080 --> 00:53:43,440 Because it was from those soldiers that I experienced... 481 00:53:43,720 --> 00:53:46,440 I basically survived an execution. 482 00:53:47,760 --> 00:53:51,800 And right now, we are where it all happened. 483 00:54:02,400 --> 00:54:07,040 I consider it an act of great courage for a secret Tribunal witness 484 00:54:07,200 --> 00:54:10,720 to connect their face and name with their testimony 485 00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:16,800 Especially in a country, where over 100,000 people were killed 486 00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:19,520 and the conflict is still smouldering. 487 00:55:19,920 --> 00:55:22,360 When Sanski Most was liberated, 488 00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:24,800 I was in Germany. 489 00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:28,000 We watched it on the news. 490 00:55:28,080 --> 00:55:31,040 Reporters kept bringing fresh news. 491 00:55:35,440 --> 00:55:38,840 During one report, I noticed something. 492 00:55:39,120 --> 00:55:42,800 I saw the dead bodies, and I called to my wife: 493 00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,680 “That’s our garage! Our house!” 494 00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:48,640 “Oh, come on!” she said. 495 00:55:48,720 --> 00:55:52,400 “It is, look!” I replied. “I can see bodies lying there.” 496 00:55:54,920 --> 00:55:57,640 It was not a house any more but a ruin. 497 00:56:02,720 --> 00:56:07,480 We were the first to return. No one else was staying in Trnova overnight. 498 00:56:10,360 --> 00:56:14,400 He went to bed in the evening, and I was standing by the window. 499 00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:19,440 Terrified, I was waiting if the shelling would start again. 500 00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:22,640 He wasn’t scared at all. He slept like a log. 501 00:56:37,000 --> 00:56:39,920 I just started going to school 502 00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:43,000 when the war broke out 503 00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:45,360 in the former Yugoslavia, 504 00:56:45,720 --> 00:56:48,960 and I have to say that in those years, 505 00:56:49,080 --> 00:56:53,320 I heard nothing about Arkan. 506 00:56:59,360 --> 00:57:02,720 But immediately after the war, 507 00:57:02,840 --> 00:57:08,280 Arkan became very popular in Serbia. 508 00:57:08,440 --> 00:57:11,480 He was then frequently invited to 509 00:57:11,640 --> 00:57:16,560 both political TV programmes and light entertainment shows. 510 00:57:17,080 --> 00:57:21,640 On those shows, he was presented as a strong man, 511 00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:26,920 a successful man and a witty and charismatic person 512 00:57:27,280 --> 00:57:31,440 who fought for Serbian values and protected us during the war. 513 00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:35,560 We knew that he had been the commander of some unit, 514 00:57:35,720 --> 00:57:39,280 but we knew nothing about what exactly he had done 515 00:57:39,440 --> 00:57:41,720 besides that he had protected us. 516 00:57:41,880 --> 00:57:44,960 Until it was made public 517 00:57:45,120 --> 00:57:48,480 that he would be indicted by the Hague Tribunal 518 00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:51,640 and what charges would be brought against him. 519 00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:03,920 Popularity brought Arkan prominence, but the focus of his activities 520 00:58:04,080 --> 00:58:06,080 was economic crime. 521 00:58:08,360 --> 00:58:12,680 Under the guise of defending Serbs, Tigers plundered wherever they went. 522 00:58:19,160 --> 00:58:24,160 He used the money he had made by looting for his political campaign in Serbia. 523 00:58:26,800 --> 00:58:29,840 He even became an MP for some time. 524 00:58:31,600 --> 00:58:34,560 The Serbian nation continues to be divided 525 00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:39,440 into communists and monarchists, Partisans and Chetniks. 526 00:58:39,960 --> 00:58:43,560 All that is history that we don’t need any more. 527 00:58:43,920 --> 00:58:47,720 We need the Serbian nation 528 00:58:47,880 --> 00:58:51,200 to become a single, united nation. 529 00:58:51,360 --> 00:58:53,680 Only then will we all be 530 00:58:54,840 --> 00:58:57,800 the strongest and invincible. 531 00:58:57,960 --> 00:59:02,080 Only then will we all be Serbs and humans. 532 00:59:02,200 --> 00:59:04,640 And that’s the most important thing! 533 00:59:16,440 --> 00:59:19,520 We went after him for two long years. 534 00:59:20,400 --> 00:59:25,160 He could only be arrested legally outside Serbia, under international law. 535 00:59:27,760 --> 00:59:32,360 In September 1998, we received intel that Arkan would go to Madrid 536 00:59:32,520 --> 00:59:35,600 to watch his football team Obilić play. 537 00:59:36,960 --> 00:59:41,000 He had spent an incredible amount of money to get the club 538 00:59:41,120 --> 00:59:43,280 into the European league. 539 00:59:44,720 --> 00:59:48,280 Perhaps Arkan got a tip-off or just gave us the slip, 540 00:59:48,400 --> 00:59:51,000 but we left Madrid empty-handed. 541 01:00:25,880 --> 01:00:29,680 I led a team that worked on locating them. 542 01:00:30,040 --> 01:00:33,960 So we located and arrested them and then sent them to the Hague. 543 01:00:39,760 --> 01:00:43,880 If it weren’t for the Tribunal, no one would have been able to stop 544 01:00:44,200 --> 01:00:47,760 those rolling Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian war machines. 545 01:00:48,000 --> 01:00:51,440 Only the Tribunal and the threat of being arrested 546 01:00:51,560 --> 01:00:55,560 somewhat brought them to their senses. No one else could. 547 01:00:55,720 --> 01:00:59,960 There was no chance that the courts in Serbia would do anything 548 01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:03,560 nor those in Croatia and Bosnia, I think. 549 01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:11,200 For several years, we tried to arrest Arkan all over Europe. 550 01:01:13,600 --> 01:01:16,840 Then, out of the blue, in April 1999, 551 01:01:16,920 --> 01:01:20,920 it was announced that Arkan would cooperate with the tribunal. 552 01:01:23,200 --> 01:01:27,400 At the time, Slobodan Milošević was on trial, and Arkan testifying 553 01:01:27,600 --> 01:01:30,480 would spell a huge problem for him. 554 01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:40,880 Shortly after, Arkan was shot dead by a Serbian police officer in Belgrade. 555 01:01:57,040 --> 01:01:58,560 It’s strange. 556 01:01:59,640 --> 01:02:03,560 The two most important cases I had ever worked on ended this way. 557 01:02:08,520 --> 01:02:12,160 Arkan would never have gone on trial in Serbia 558 01:02:12,320 --> 01:02:16,960 just like many other people who were involved in war crimes. 559 01:02:17,320 --> 01:02:21,040 Had he been tried and convicted by the Hague Tribunal, 560 01:02:21,320 --> 01:02:24,960 I think that it would have been the end 561 01:02:25,120 --> 01:02:27,680 of the Serbian mainstream narrative 562 01:02:27,800 --> 01:02:31,760 that paramilitary units simply form on their own 563 01:02:31,920 --> 01:02:36,200 when four friends get together and decide to go to war, 564 01:02:36,360 --> 01:02:39,480 and it has nothing to do with Serbia. 565 01:02:42,360 --> 01:02:44,680 I was invited to Nuremberg. 566 01:02:45,440 --> 01:02:48,280 We were in courtroom 100. 567 01:02:48,800 --> 01:02:52,960 That’s the courtroom where the leaders of the Third Reich were tried, 568 01:02:53,280 --> 01:02:57,720 and there’s a photograph there, in which you can see the dock. 569 01:02:58,400 --> 01:03:01,840 I saw Göring, and then I noticed Jodl. 570 01:03:02,160 --> 01:03:06,600 And, interestingly, all of them had very concerned looks on their faces. 571 01:03:07,600 --> 01:03:11,800 They were worried about what would happen to them. And I said 572 01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:16,400 that it was a pity that the guys from our country hadn’t seen the photo 573 01:03:16,560 --> 01:03:18,960 and how terrified they looked. 574 01:03:19,280 --> 01:03:23,360 I think that things would have gone differently here. 575 01:03:23,840 --> 01:03:28,080 Our press then confronted me, asking how I dared compare those fascists 576 01:03:28,240 --> 01:03:30,000 with our peacemakers. 577 01:03:30,520 --> 01:03:32,240 They came at me. 578 01:03:44,960 --> 01:03:47,800 I am rather critical 579 01:03:48,200 --> 01:03:51,000 of the Hague Tribunal. 580 01:03:51,400 --> 01:03:55,720 But ask yourselves what would have happened 581 01:03:56,400 --> 01:03:59,200 if it had not been established. 582 01:04:00,200 --> 01:04:03,720 In the next election, we would have likely re-elected 583 01:04:03,840 --> 01:04:06,440 Slobodan Milošević as our president, 584 01:04:06,880 --> 01:04:12,200 Arkan could have become Minister of the Interior or Defence, 585 01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:15,920 and all the people that were charged 586 01:04:16,040 --> 01:04:20,280 with very serious crimes by the Tribunal would have been free, 587 01:04:20,560 --> 01:04:26,480 and after the war, they would have probably kept their positions and power. 588 01:04:45,400 --> 01:04:48,000 We all grew up here in Bosnia. 589 01:04:48,200 --> 01:04:51,440 Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians. 590 01:04:52,840 --> 01:04:55,560 As far as I know, only the Croats, 591 01:04:55,680 --> 01:05:00,560 who had some 50 houses around here, they alone didn’t come back. 592 01:05:02,880 --> 01:05:06,560 All the young people have left for abroad. 593 01:05:07,080 --> 01:05:09,200 That’s how it is. 594 01:05:11,200 --> 01:05:15,840 Of course I would prefer if my children and grandchildren were here. 595 01:05:19,080 --> 01:05:23,160 Who will serve my son dinner when he comes home from work? 596 01:05:26,840 --> 01:05:29,240 I arrested both Karadžić and Mladić 597 01:05:29,680 --> 01:05:33,000 so I wasn’t very popular. Even today, some people say: 598 01:05:33,120 --> 01:05:36,040 “That’s the guy that arrests only Serbs.” 599 01:05:36,640 --> 01:05:40,520 But the neighbourhood I live in is quite classy. 600 01:05:40,680 --> 01:05:44,280 There’s a lot of decent people here, and I get no trouble. 601 01:05:44,360 --> 01:05:48,680 But as soon as I head to the suburbs, they call: “Look, it’s him!” 602 01:05:52,400 --> 01:05:55,840 From the moment the Tribunal was established 603 01:05:56,280 --> 01:06:00,280 I firmly believed that it was an institution 604 01:06:00,680 --> 01:06:04,400 that would help bring to justice 605 01:06:04,520 --> 01:06:07,040 perpetrators of war crimes, 606 01:06:07,200 --> 01:06:10,120 but that it would also help 607 01:06:10,840 --> 01:06:13,360 national courts 608 01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:17,640 to start trying war crimes. 609 01:06:26,640 --> 01:06:30,720 I testified at a national court 610 01:06:31,760 --> 01:06:35,520 in several cases of war crimes perpetrated by Croats. 611 01:06:39,560 --> 01:06:43,280 As a result, I was labelled as someone 612 01:06:43,800 --> 01:06:46,680 who took the enemy’s side. 613 01:06:54,160 --> 01:06:57,240 It’s not pleasant for me nor for my family. 614 01:06:57,480 --> 01:07:02,040 I was targeted by the media at one point, and it went on for a while, 615 01:07:02,120 --> 01:07:05,200 but it made me realize 616 01:07:05,280 --> 01:07:09,800 that it was probably time for me to leave my job. 617 01:07:17,640 --> 01:07:21,720 I don’t want to live in a society where my neighbour 618 01:07:21,840 --> 01:07:25,920 is someone who has killed 200 people in Croatia or Bosnia. 619 01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:30,440 I don’t want my child 620 01:07:30,520 --> 01:07:34,640 to play with such person or even say hello to them. 621 01:07:34,800 --> 01:07:38,520 I don’t want it to be acceptable that they won’t be convicted 622 01:07:38,600 --> 01:07:41,640 because twenty-five years have passed. 623 01:07:44,880 --> 01:07:50,160 In total, the Tribunal prosecuted 161 people and convicted 90 of them. 624 01:07:51,720 --> 01:07:55,400 I can’t say it’s a low number, but it’s not enough for me. 625 01:07:56,720 --> 01:08:00,480 We gradually obtained the names of the actual shooters, 626 01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:04,560 and most were out of our reach. Outside our jurisdiction. 627 01:08:29,800 --> 01:08:33,680 More justice could have been served, had the Yugoslav states 628 01:08:33,760 --> 01:08:36,240 fully cooperated with the tribunal. 629 01:08:38,320 --> 01:08:42,000 We could have solved far more for them. 630 01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:06,480 When you do this job for ten years, 631 01:09:06,640 --> 01:09:09,800 the stress and emotions inevitably get to you. 632 01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:13,960 That’s why I eventually left the tribunal. 633 01:09:14,800 --> 01:09:18,360 I got a job offer from the UN, and I thought to myself 634 01:09:18,480 --> 01:09:21,000 that ten years was enough. 635 01:09:24,080 --> 01:09:27,880 In hindsight, I think I made the wrong decision 636 01:09:28,640 --> 01:09:32,960 and that I should have continued working for the tribunal. 637 01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:52,840 We did a lot of bad shit But there’s a catch 638 01:10:52,840 --> 01:10:56,160 You burned and stole, too We’re a match 639 01:10:56,160 --> 01:10:58,520 Years went by, we only stuck with our brothers 640 01:10:58,520 --> 01:11:01,080 Never grew the balls to talk to the others 641 01:11:01,080 --> 01:11:03,920 That’s why, dear Milan, I’m writing you this letter 642 01:11:03,920 --> 01:11:07,000 We’re not the same Some are worse, some better 643 01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:09,920 They’ll raise their voice But I made my choice 644 01:11:09,920 --> 01:11:12,520 My intention is kind I have a peace of mind 645 01:11:12,520 --> 01:11:15,400 Fuck their rules I’ll never be a hater 646 01:11:15,400 --> 01:11:18,360 Time will tell If I’m a fighter or traitor 647 01:11:18,360 --> 01:11:21,280 We all suffer When will it end 648 01:11:21,280 --> 01:11:24,160 I’ll be the first to reach out my hand 649 01:11:26,800 --> 01:11:29,760 How can you show some love to the others 650 01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:32,400 Kicked by your team Spat on by their brothers 651 01:11:32,400 --> 01:11:35,320 They will use you to fight in their ring 652 01:11:35,320 --> 01:11:38,200 Look at the sky New fires are burning 653 01:11:38,200 --> 01:11:40,920 How can you show some love to the others 654 01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:43,680 Kicked by your team Spat on by their brothers 655 01:11:43,680 --> 01:11:46,600 They will use you to fight in their ring 656 01:11:46,600 --> 01:11:49,280 Look at the sky New fires are burning 657 01:11:49,280 --> 01:11:52,040 I’m afraid even when I’m writing these lines 658 01:11:52,040 --> 01:11:55,240 They’ll say I spat at our granddads’ lost lives 659 01:11:55,240 --> 01:11:58,040 I know you’re waiting for the phone to ring 660 01:11:58,040 --> 01:12:00,760 I know cause I, too, have been waiting 661 01:12:00,760 --> 01:12:03,600 We’re so alike It’s a shame 662 01:12:03,600 --> 01:12:06,360 We come to visit lying about a relative’s name 663 01:12:06,360 --> 01:12:09,240 Feeling like a swine in Teheran 664 01:12:09,240 --> 01:12:12,080 Just like me when I come to Trebinje 665 01:12:12,080 --> 01:12:14,880 How can you show some love to the others 666 01:12:14,880 --> 01:12:17,600 Kicked by your team Spat on by their brothers 667 01:12:17,600 --> 01:12:20,600 They will use you to fight in their ring 668 01:12:20,600 --> 01:12:23,360 Look at the sky New fires are burning 669 01:12:23,360 --> 01:12:26,120 How can you show some love to the others 670 01:12:26,120 --> 01:12:28,800 Kicked by your team Spat on by their brothers 671 01:12:28,800 --> 01:12:31,800 They will use you to fight in their ring 672 01:12:31,800 --> 01:12:34,600 Look at the sky New fires are burning 673 01:12:34,600 --> 01:12:37,280 I won’t be bugging you about Dodik’s lies 674 01:12:37,280 --> 01:12:40,280 the nationalism machine just to make more dough 675 01:12:40,280 --> 01:12:43,160 We’re not brothers Fuck the good old days 676 01:12:43,160 --> 01:12:45,800 Going to each other’s Bayrams and holidays 677 01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:49,000 They sold it all It fell apart 678 01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:51,760 Brothers into rivals overnight 679 01:12:51,760 --> 01:12:54,480 No more counting deaths and corpses 680 01:12:54,480 --> 01:12:57,160 Burned mosques Torn down churches 681 01:12:57,160 --> 01:12:59,760 It’s hard to stand the guilt trip, the tension 682 01:12:59,760 --> 01:13:03,320 when my people call you a genocidal nation 683 01:13:03,320 --> 01:13:05,760 You’re not like that I know it’s bullshit 684 01:13:05,760 --> 01:13:08,560 I want you to know that’s not what I think 55897

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