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I spent nearly a decade investigating
war crimes in the former Yugoslavia,
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00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:47,160
and now I head
the New York Headquarters Unit of UN´s
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00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:49,800
Office of Internal Oversight Services.
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00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:56,480
After I published my book
about my work for the Tribunal,
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00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:58,920
I lectured across Europe and the US.
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This lecture was unique
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because it took place
in the UN General Assembly Hall.
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00:01:08,063 --> 00:01:09,941
I will start talking about
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the investigation of the war crimes
in the former Yugoslavia.
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00:01:14,353 --> 00:01:15,860
But before I start with that,
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00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:18,422
it's very important
that we understand one thing.
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There might be some students
from the former Yugoslavia here,
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and I'll be using the specific examples.
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00:01:27,327 --> 00:01:31,077
Please, we shall leave
the demons of the war sleeping,
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00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:34,572
because a lot of bad things happen
in the former Yugoslavia
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00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:36,528
from all sides,
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00:01:36,799 --> 00:01:40,093
from the Serbs, from the Kurats,
Bosniaks and others.
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00:01:41,033 --> 00:01:45,686
And I'll be using an example
of the crimes committed by the Serbs
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or non-Serbs in Croatia.
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It no means
that the others didn't commit crimes.
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I just want you to understand
before I start my presentation.
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I spoke to more than two thousand
students from all over the world there,
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00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:07,480
and as I was leaving, some twenty
Serbian students stopped and accused me
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of giving a one-sided lecture.
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Although none of them had experienced
the conflict, they were hostile to me.
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I realized then, how painful the trauma
still was for the people there.
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Vukovar must fall tonight.
Then we’ll move on.
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00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:38,720
In 1992, I was working for Interpol’s
national bureau in Prague,
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and I had almost no interest
in what was happening in Yugoslavia.
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00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:47,240
Until I found out that UNPROFOR,
UN’s armed forces
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that operated in Croatia
and in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
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were recruiting civilians.
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00:04:01,320 --> 00:04:03,720
The year in war changed me.
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00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:08,360
After seeing snipers literally
hunt people and kill children,
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00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:12,760
I realized I had a moral obligation
as a criminal investigator
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00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:15,800
to get involved
with the nascent Tribunal.
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00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:21,480
I knew that I was part
of something groundbreaking:
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00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:25,520
the search for a new mechanism
of international justice.
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00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:34,600
And at the same time, I was hoping
that we could help the nations
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of the former Yugoslavia
coexist as neighbours again.
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The hospital became
the target of daily shelling
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as well as aerial bombing.
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00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:32,920
So we decided
to move all the departments
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to the basement of the hospital.
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00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:44,200
During the entire aggression,
we kept treating all patients.
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We treated Croatian defenders
as well as enemy soldiers
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00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:51,640
but especially civilians.
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00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:06,280
I sent out hundreds of appeals,
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urging Zagreb,
the International Red Cross, and Geneva
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to protect Vukovar and Croatia
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from the unprecedented aggression.
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Unfortunately,
our appeals went unanswered.
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Citizens! Croats! People!
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We know that you want to surrender
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and that it’s your only salvation.
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But you must let us know
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if we should stop
or start killing everyone.
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There were still some 350 people
in the hospital
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who kept providing care
to all the injured and sick.
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We were once again on our own.
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To the very end.
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Till the 18th of November,
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when an agreement was to be made
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on the evacuation of the hospital
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under the oversight of observers
from the International Red Cross.
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00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,080
But no one came.
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00:09:08,680 --> 00:09:12,880
We knew from the beginning
that the Yugoslav army had prevented
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the Red Cross
from accessing the hospital.
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00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,800
In the meantime,
they brought five buses to the back
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and secretly took away some 300 people
to an unknown location.
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Tell us what the problem is.
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00:09:43,480 --> 00:09:46,880
He sees soldiers walking
on the street and trucks going through.
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But he can go through. Why doesn’t he?
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- Go there. You could have gone there.
- I just opened the bridge to traffic.
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But it was closed until now.
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There’s war here!
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We are trying to ensure your safety
and peace, and you’re making trouble.
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If you don’t like it,
you can go wherever you do like it.
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Investigating 300 missing people
was a completely new experience.
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Moreover, their families believed
they were being secretly held in Serbia
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and trusted us to bring them home alive.
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00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:34,640
For the first ever, I saw
someone cry during an interrogation.
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Even grown men cried every day.
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00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:25,400
Gradually, we realized
what had happened.
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The fighting in Vukovar ended on
18 November 1991, and two days later,
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when the hospital was to be evacuated,
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00:11:33,480 --> 00:11:37,840
Serbian media reported that Croats
had murdered forty-one Serbian children
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on the outskirts of Vukovar.
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00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:47,360
With emotions running so high,
something terrible was bound to happen.
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ITV, an independent British TV station,
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reported on the massacre of 41 children
at the Borovo Naselje elementary school.
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The station cited
photojournalist Goran Mikić,
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who said that Croatian soldiers,
while withdrawing from Vukovar,
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massacred entire Serbian families
in Borovo Naselje.
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Goran Mikić is here with us tonight.
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00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:16,040
You came back from
Borovo Naselje last night.
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00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:20,520
Please, tell us in brief what you saw.
The school, the children...
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We simply saw body bags
filled with small dead bodies.
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I managed to get
within some 20 meters of them
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You could clearly see that
they were 5, 6, 7-year-old children,
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their heads lying in pools of blood.
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00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:42,440
It was such a horrible sight
that even the soldiers cried.
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And...
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- at the cost of our lives, we wanted...
- How many bodies were there?
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00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,560
They were pulling them out of a cellar
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and pairing heads with bodies.
It was just terrible.
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I believe there were around 40 of them.
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- I couldn’t count them...
- But you had your camera. -Yes.
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- Did you try to take pictures?
- I did, I got up,
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but bullets were flying everywhere.
One of the soldiers cocked his gun
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and told me to duck
unless I wanted to get shot too.
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00:13:45,960 --> 00:13:49,120
We couldn’t locate Goran Mikić,
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00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:53,240
but I managed to contact
Italian journalist Milena Gabanelli,
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00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:55,880
who was also used by the Serbs.
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00:13:56,440 --> 00:14:00,520
She was brought to Vukovar
by Serbian paramilitary unit commander
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00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:02,680
Željko Ražnatović Arkan.
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00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:08,480
This is an Italian journalist,
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00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:11,520
who just couldn’t believe it
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00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:15,480
until she saw it
with her own eyes and filmed it.
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00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:20,688
Where is international community?
Where is Amnesty International?
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00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:23,783
Where is Vatican? Nobody is here.
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00:14:24,177 --> 00:14:27,872
What I would like to understand,
and I feel guilty for that,
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a mass of killed people I saw.
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00:14:33,750 --> 00:14:38,051
So I can say to God that I saw this.
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00:14:39,605 --> 00:14:53,063
I cannot say that there were 40 children
because I didn't have time to see this.
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00:14:54,020 --> 00:15:01,308
It was a situation so very
dangerous, very confused, it was dark
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00:15:01,332 --> 00:15:08,595
and people that accompanied
me, that threw me out in a tank
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told me that there were 40 children.
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00:15:14,693 --> 00:15:19,071
I interviewed a guy who was among
those who were doing the killing
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00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:23,689
and he said that he heard the
news about Korats killing our children,
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00:15:24,501 --> 00:15:26,020
so they decided to kill those.
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00:15:27,598 --> 00:15:36,558
It's enough one shot.
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00:15:38,485 --> 00:15:39,519
It's enough one.
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00:15:39,932 --> 00:15:45,167
Let's start the game
and then people get full completely.
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00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:53,600
Despite having doubts, Gabanelli
decided to report on the child killings,
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00:15:54,480 --> 00:15:58,760
but before she did, Reuters had spread
this fake news around the world
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and retracted it a day later.
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00:16:01,760 --> 00:16:05,520
But the events in Vukovar
had already begun unfolding.
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00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,000
Some woman in the hospital
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00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:16,640
gave me ten or twenty thousand dinars
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00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:20,400
because we thought
we were going to Zagreb.
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00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:24,000
But we went straight to OvÄŤara.
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There were some
two hundred and fifty of us.
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We were terribly scared.
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00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:02,520
Had we known they were going to kills us
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we’d have probably tried to escape.
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Who would have thought
they’d kill five busfuls of people.
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00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:34,360
Zorić hit me over the head.
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00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:37,680
Tears start coming down my face.
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00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:42,080
I’m bleeding here on the head,
where he hit me with the stick,
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00:17:42,960 --> 00:17:46,400
and I still can’t believe
this is really happening.
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00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,720
I knew Zorić,
and I knew his two sons.
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00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:58,240
I knew BulidĹľa.
I used to play football with him.
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00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,880
I knew LunÄŤuĹľanin.
I knew Dokmanović.
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00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:08,800
He scissor-kicked
one boy in the face,
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00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:11,920
and he grabbed Dado Djukić,
who was kneeling,
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00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:15,760
and slammed his head
against the concrete floor.
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00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:29,240
Siniša Glavašević came in after me.
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00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:32,920
When Dokmanović and his pack saw him
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seven of them came at him at once.
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We had four main suspects
in the OvÄŤara case.
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00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,160
Three high-ranking officers
of the Yugoslav army
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and Slavko Dokmanović,
a civilian and the mayor of Vukovar.
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00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:08,440
He too was responsible
for what happened at OvÄŤara.
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00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,160
He even abused the captives himself.
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00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:15,680
And he was the first one we located.
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00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:24,360
We managed to convince his wife
to give us an interview for the film.
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00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:27,000
But I didn’t attend it.
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00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:33,680
It happened at night, and there was
no power. Even the witnesses said so.
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00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:39,240
One couldn’t recognize their own
mother in such darkness, let alone him.
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He could not have got there.
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00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,960
Even if he wanted to.
Even if he knew about it.
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00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:49,440
When he read about it in the newspaper
he was horrified,
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00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:53,200
and he said:
“Someone’s head will roll for this”
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00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:04,240
He was a decent, honest,
and hard-working man.
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00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:10,160
A respectable, good man.
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00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,560
In the first
democratic election in Croatia,
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00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:17,640
he received by far the most votes
and beat all other citizen’s groups.
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00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:21,760
There were not just Serbs.
Vukovar is a multinational city
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00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,200
with Muslim, Croat,
Serbian, and Roma citizens.
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00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:30,840
Since he won the election,
he was appointed municipality chairman.
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00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:35,640
His official title was
Chairman of the Municipality of Vukovar.
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00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,160
While preparing for the trial,
we came to the conclusion
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00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:09,040
that we needed a witness from the unit
that did the killing at OvÄŤara.
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00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:13,360
A witness who was not a mass murderer
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00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,680
otherwise they would not be credible.
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00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:25,720
Looking back now,
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I’m certain that I already knew
all the prisoners would be killed,
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00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:34,440
and I couldn’t do anything about it.
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00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,680
I drove away this professor,
his wife, and one boy,
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00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:56,560
we used to be neighbours in Mitnica.
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00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:01,840
and several other people
I knew from Vukovar,
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00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:04,280
and then I returned to OvÄŤara.
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00:22:10,560 --> 00:22:13,880
I asked if I could take away
some more people,
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00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,480
and they told me
that I could take ten more.
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00:22:18,360 --> 00:22:21,840
I took them out,
where they got on a trailer.
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00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:27,760
When they left,
my commander came to me
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00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:30,160
and told me
that I was doing a good job.
201
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,240
That they followed me like sheep.
202
00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:45,720
He ordered me to keep separating them
into groups. That’s when I realized
203
00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:48,520
that the first group had been killed
204
00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:52,800
and that everyone else
would be killed too.
205
00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:19,560
Even though he saved several people
at OvÄŤara and his testimony helped us,
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00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:21,760
I can’t think highly of him.
207
00:23:23,120 --> 00:23:25,760
He now lives under a secret identity.
208
00:23:26,720 --> 00:23:29,160
He got off really cheap.
209
00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:34,680
But I cannot forget the things he was
involved in in Vukovar and at OvÄŤara.
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00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:41,440
How hard must it be to accept
such people when you live there?
211
00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:44,360
Is it possible at all?
212
00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,400
I arrived at OvÄŤara in August 1996,
expecting that the exhumation
213
00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:09,640
would take about three weeks.
214
00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:26,960
But the first layer of soil revealed
that there would be hundreds of bodies.
215
00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:36,880
Heads, arms, and legs
were protruding from the ground.
216
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:40,320
It was clear the exhumation
would take much longer.
217
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,640
In the end, I spent seven weeks there.
218
00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:17,680
I left reeking of dead bodies.
219
00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,400
I managed to wash the stench away,
220
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:27,000
but you can’t rid yourself
of what gets stuck in your head.
221
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:03,080
At the time
the Hague Tribunal was established,
222
00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:08,160
I was the head of the Croatian
Commission for Missing Persons.
223
00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:11,920
That’s when I met VladimĂr.
224
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:17,320
It was in our common interest
to bring Dokmanović to the Hague.
225
00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:22,560
The Tribunal had existed for four years.
226
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,160
There were judges, prosecutors,
investigators, lawyers, analysts,
227
00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:29,720
but no perpetrators.
228
00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:35,360
The former Yugoslav countries did not
cooperate in arresting war criminals,
229
00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:39,280
and NATO claimed
it had no mandate to get involved.
230
00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,560
He was in hiding.
231
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:53,520
Another country was hiding him
although they knew he was a criminal.
232
00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:58,680
He was not from Serbia, he was
from Croatia, and he hid in Serbia,
233
00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:03,480
which protected him
and sheltered him from justice
234
00:27:03,840 --> 00:27:07,120
instead of bringing him to trial,
235
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:11,320
as was their obligation
to the International Criminal Tribunal.
236
00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:20,000
We got a permission to act on our own
and try to lure Dokmanović
237
00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,960
to UN-controlled territory
where we could arrest him.
238
00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:31,720
He had to cross the Bogojevo Bridge
between Serbia and Croatia voluntarily.
239
00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:38,040
Otherwise it would be considered
kidnapping and, therefore, inadmissible.
240
00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:56,440
Sometime in February,
he got a call to come to Vukovar
241
00:27:56,520 --> 00:28:01,240
to discuss what would await the Serbs
once the Croatian government took over.
242
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:05,880
He asked what would happen with
the property Serbs left behind
243
00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:08,440
since our house was there as well.
244
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,160
They promised him safety,
245
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,680
and he took the bait.
246
00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:16,880
We urged him not to go,
247
00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:21,520
but he was the kind of person
who always makes good their promise.
248
00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,320
“I promised I would go, and I will.”
249
00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:27,360
And so he went.
250
00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:41,560
We were taken from Vukovar
to where the arrest was to take place.
251
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:47,240
We hid in two white containers
and then waited for ages.
252
00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:52,520
The heat inside was suffocating,
and our anxiety was palpable.
253
00:28:54,880 --> 00:29:00,080
After the escort left for the bridge
to wait for Dokmanović to cross over,
254
00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:03,680
the atmosphere grew even tenser.
255
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,640
It was perfectly clear to us
that if the arrest failed,
256
00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:23,160
if any of us was injured or even killed,
257
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:28,560
it would paralyse the Tribunal as such
operation would never be approved again.
258
00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:34,880
The Tribunal would fizzle out
without any impact and fade into memory.
259
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:39,480
But then we heard the agreed signal.
260
00:30:39,480 --> 00:30:43,320
Mr. Dokmanović,
my name is VladimĂr Dzuro.
261
00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:48,600
I work for the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
262
00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:53,840
The Tribunal has issued
an arrest warrant in your name.
263
00:30:54,920 --> 00:31:00,040
You are charged with grave breaches
of the Geneva Convention, war crimes,
264
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:06,320
and crimes against humanity for your role
in the abuse and the killings at OvÄŤara
265
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,840
near Vukovar on 20 November 1991.
266
00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:15,160
Did you understand all I said?
267
00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:17,680
I did, but it’s not true.
268
00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:21,120
I had a sort of premonition.
269
00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:25,320
The news had already started,
270
00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:29,280
but we were sitting on the terrace,
and the TV wasn’t on.
271
00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:34,360
Then one of our friends
who worked with him called us,
272
00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:37,200
and he said in a trembling voice:
273
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:41,320
“Danilka, BK just announced
that Slavko is in Hague.”
274
00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:48,080
I was to read Dokmanović his rights,
and thus become the first investigator
275
00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:50,360
to do so since WW2.
276
00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:57,400
Any mistake could result in the court
releasing him due to a procedural error.
277
00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:03,360
I felt it was my duty not to disappoint
the families of the OvÄŤara victims,
278
00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:07,760
who were waiting for someone
to finally answer for the crimes.
279
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:06,440
We never said that Dokmanović
was the worst Yugoslav war criminal.
280
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:12,680
There were far greater monsters,
who massacred thousands of people.
281
00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:18,240
But we wanted him arrested, tried,
and convicted like all the others
282
00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:22,680
to show that the hand of justice
could reach all the perpetrators,
283
00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:24,960
even the political elites.
284
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:45,080
The prison was empty,
and there were no Serbs.
285
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:49,960
So they would grab anyone
just to justify their existence.
286
00:33:55,480 --> 00:33:58,600
Serbia was demonised.
287
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:01,240
I suppose that was their main goal.
288
00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:04,400
So after they brought him in,
289
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,400
they retroactively added
his name to the indictment.
290
00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:23,920
I only met Toma Fila during my
questioning about Dokmanović’s alibi.
291
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:30,280
Before I entered the courtroom,
my colleague Clint Williamson told me:
292
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:35,920
"Whatever happens during
the cross-examination, tell the truth.
293
00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:41,640
We can deal with the truth. But if Fila
catches you lying, we’re screwed."
294
00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:47,320
Fila welcomed me with a smile
and said he had just a few questions,
295
00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:51,520
and in the end,
I was cross-examined for three days.
296
00:34:53,080 --> 00:34:57,920
We realized that more than Dokmanović,
he was defending the Serbian regime
297
00:34:58,000 --> 00:34:59,960
and President Slobodan Milošević.
298
00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:05,520
We didn’t know how else to explain
that he had Dokmanović testify twice,
299
00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:08,560
given his disastrous first testimony
300
00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,000
and poor mental state.
301
00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:13,480
14 December 1949
302
00:35:14,600 --> 00:35:18,080
Your Honour, the witness
needs not to be instructed.
303
00:35:32,960 --> 00:35:34,560
Not guilty.
304
00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:42,760
Not guilty.
305
00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:49,920
Not guilty.
306
00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:57,440
Not guilty.
307
00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:04,680
That year was
like a concentration camp for us.
308
00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:07,320
For us and for him.
309
00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,440
It was awful.
We would cry every day.
310
00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,080
He and we. He on the telephone.
311
00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:17,400
And even when we visited him,
we would cry all the time.
312
00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:22,320
Even when we were with him,
we didn’t know what to say.
313
00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:26,600
I can’t even describe how we felt.
314
00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:29,080
Awful. Awful.
315
00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:33,480
And on Vidovdan in 1998,
at half past one in the morning,
316
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:39,040
Fila’s people called to tell me
they found him dead in his cell.
317
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:53,280
He imposed a punishment on himself
that the Tribunal never would.
318
00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:02,320
We were back at the beginning.
319
00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:05,920
All our effort,
two years of work...
320
00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,880
and justice was not served.
321
00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:11,520
It had all been for nothing.
322
00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:24,160
I went to Hague five times.
323
00:37:25,640 --> 00:37:29,360
Was it necessary each time?
I don’t think so.
324
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:32,120
Let’s say they needed me there twice.
325
00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:36,360
It was worthwhile to them
to repeat it again and again.
326
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:39,840
So all in all, I can’t really...
327
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,440
I can’t praise them.
328
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,720
They simply made good money.
329
00:38:25,760 --> 00:38:28,880
I think we aroused high expectations.
330
00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:35,160
When the Tribunal was established,
it was stressed that it’s goals
331
00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:39,720
were both to convict war criminals
and reconcile the ex-Yugoslav nations,
332
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:44,400
which gave the impression
that it would solve all problems.
333
00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,800
We hoped that Yugoslavia
would go the way of post-war Germany.
334
00:39:01,720 --> 00:39:04,480
But Yugoslavia was not Germany.
335
00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:51,720
The Serbian side was doing
everything they could
336
00:39:51,880 --> 00:39:56,400
to justify their aggression against
Vukovar and Croatia,
337
00:39:56,640 --> 00:40:00,880
arguing that it was necessary
in order to protect Serbs from Croats.
338
00:40:01,840 --> 00:40:05,480
To cover up their own war crimes,
339
00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:09,960
they brought charges against
Dr. Njavro and me in Serbia.
340
00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:15,200
They claimed that we had not treated
injured Serbs properly
341
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:18,040
and that our inadequate treatment
342
00:40:18,160 --> 00:40:21,960
resulted in the death
of one Yugoslav soldier.
343
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:28,000
The last time I was to go
to Hague to testify,
344
00:40:28,160 --> 00:40:30,840
they called me the day before to tell me
345
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:33,760
an arrest warrant
had been issued in my name.
346
00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:36,280
I told them I wouldn’t go then.
347
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:40,040
I didn’t want to end up
in a Serbian prison again.
348
00:40:40,200 --> 00:40:43,680
Later, whenever
I wanted to travel somewhere,
349
00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:49,080
I would first check with the police
if there was a warrant in my name.
350
00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:55,640
Many people, including myself,
come to the conclusion
351
00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:58,680
that the Tribunal...
352
00:40:59,240 --> 00:41:02,920
would bring
the victims no satisfaction.
353
00:41:03,320 --> 00:41:06,840
Neither justice nor the rule of law.
354
00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:12,560
And that was really very disappointing
and brought disillusionment
355
00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:16,320
to all of us in Croatia.
356
00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:30,280
Many of the people who actually
did the killing never stood trial.
357
00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:37,040
This inevitably causes frustration
among those affected by the war.
358
00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:41,680
Justice will never be served in full,
359
00:41:42,240 --> 00:41:46,520
and since the Tribunal has become
such a lightning rod for frustration,
360
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,840
it will take people a lot of time
to come to terms with the past.
361
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:04,080
We pray to you, Lord, for all
who sacrificed their lives for Vukovar.
362
00:42:04,720 --> 00:42:08,400
For those who laid down
their lives for Vukovar,
363
00:42:08,640 --> 00:42:12,160
and especially those gruesomely murdered
364
00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:15,200
and buried in a mass grave at OvÄŤara.
365
00:42:15,360 --> 00:42:19,520
Justice should have been dispensed
in the former Yugoslavia,
366
00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:24,320
in courts in Croatia,
Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
367
00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:27,120
but that was impossible at the time,
368
00:42:27,240 --> 00:42:30,600
and even now,
more than 25 years after the war,
369
00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:33,320
it is still very difficult.
370
00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:40,680
It’s easy to try Croats in Serbia
and vice versa,
371
00:42:41,080 --> 00:42:45,680
but it’s very difficult to try
Croats in Croatia and Serbs in Serbia
372
00:43:22,840 --> 00:43:26,440
Good afternoon, citizens of Sanski Most,
373
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,400
the city for peace and unity.
374
00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:33,240
We are happy to see
that so many of you gathered here
375
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:39,040
to hear our messages,
with which we want to call for peace
376
00:43:39,240 --> 00:43:41,560
and for people to get along again
377
00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:44,800
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
and our Yugoslavia.
378
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:47,520
Love and peace...
379
00:43:47,640 --> 00:43:50,360
Love and peace...
380
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:53,280
Let’s sing about love,
381
00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:56,240
let us all sing!
382
00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:58,840
Love and peace...
383
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:01,600
Love and peace...
384
00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:04,720
Let’s sing about love,
385
00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:07,240
let us all sing!
386
00:44:19,200 --> 00:44:21,440
Love and peace...
387
00:44:21,720 --> 00:44:24,480
Love and peace...
388
00:44:24,720 --> 00:44:27,640
Let’s sing about love,
389
00:44:27,800 --> 00:44:30,400
let us all sing!
390
00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:35,880
Peace is behind us, peace is
in front of us, and it’s next to us.
391
00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:39,480
And where else should it be?
392
00:44:39,640 --> 00:44:43,040
In Yugoslavia, in our hearts!
Do we all agree?
393
00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:45,040
Yes we do!
394
00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:47,880
It seems children come first.
395
00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:51,280
There have been
happenings for peace here before,
396
00:44:51,400 --> 00:44:53,400
but never with so many people.
397
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:18,200
In 1992, when the Bosnian War started,
398
00:45:19,160 --> 00:45:23,240
many people fled from here,
especially Bosnians and Croats.
399
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:29,680
I too was waiting in the line
for the papers you needed to leave,
400
00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:35,120
but they suddenly stopped it,
and said: “No more departures.”
401
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:38,120
“These people will stay here.”
402
00:45:38,360 --> 00:45:42,040
They kept us here literally by force
403
00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:45,640
to do the hardest work for them.
404
00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:51,000
We had to cut down trees
and repair local roads, for example.
405
00:45:51,680 --> 00:45:56,480
Then they started sending us
to the front lines. That was the worst.
406
00:45:57,680 --> 00:46:01,360
Some will praise us,
and others will criticise us.
407
00:46:01,800 --> 00:46:06,240
The enemy will definitely criticise us
because as you have seen or heard
408
00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:09,120
we don’t treat them with kid gloves.
409
00:46:10,280 --> 00:46:12,920
But our people will praise us.
410
00:46:14,160 --> 00:46:18,840
Especially people of this region,
whom we came to help.
411
00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:23,200
To save them from this pure fascism.
412
00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:29,200
Later, our team
started investigating the Arkan case.
413
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:36,600
Željko Ražnatović participated
in the war from its very beginning.
414
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:42,120
He put together his own
paramilitary unit called Arkan’s Tigers.
415
00:46:43,520 --> 00:46:47,400
He was already a criminal,
and his involvement in the war
416
00:46:47,520 --> 00:46:50,200
was motivated by his own interests.
417
00:46:51,320 --> 00:46:56,000
We first noted his activities in 1991
during the fighting around Vukovar.
418
00:46:57,560 --> 00:47:01,880
Our later investigation focused
on the Bosnian town of Sanski Most,
419
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:07,520
where he had a base in the Sanus Hotel,
and where he initiated ethnic cleansing.
420
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:29,120
Two years later, we stayed there too.
421
00:47:29,720 --> 00:47:33,480
Not because the place
was directly connected to the crimes,
422
00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:37,520
but because it was far and wide
the only open hotel.
423
00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:55,440
We came here to stop
the attack of the Muslims,
424
00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:59,160
and to repel their attack
425
00:47:59,320 --> 00:48:02,960
along the entire front line.
426
00:48:03,480 --> 00:48:06,640
I would like to ask the citizens
427
00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:10,840
not to run away
because we definitely won’t run away,
428
00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:16,200
and to remain in their houses
until it’s safe out here.
429
00:48:16,720 --> 00:48:19,160
We’ll protect them to the last tiger.
430
00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:39,880
There was a small window
above the door to the boiler room.
431
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:41,800
Tiny, really.
432
00:48:42,320 --> 00:48:45,760
We all had to squeeze
inside through that window.
433
00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:50,200
One of us was a bit stocky,
434
00:48:50,480 --> 00:48:53,560
and the poor guy
got stuck in the window.
435
00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:58,720
The soldiers beat him
from behind until he fell in.
436
00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:03,160
He was half dead.
437
00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:08,800
Arkan’s soldiers tortured us
438
00:49:08,880 --> 00:49:11,800
and forced us to do unspeakable things.
439
00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:15,560
They beat one young man so much
440
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:17,880
that he shit his pants.
441
00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,240
One of the soldiers
made him lick his own faeces
442
00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:24,560
until his underwear was clean.
443
00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:29,640
Two men died in the boiler room.
444
00:49:30,080 --> 00:49:33,440
Their bodies laid there
with us for several days.
445
00:49:33,680 --> 00:49:36,200
They wouldn’t let us take them out.
446
00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:40,600
When the smell of the bodies
spread to the courtyard,
447
00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:44,160
they finally allowed us
to carry them out.
448
00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:48,400
Arkan simply
449
00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:51,480
arrested and killed
450
00:49:51,880 --> 00:49:53,520
non-Serbs.
451
00:49:54,040 --> 00:49:57,360
So they grabbed anyone
who was not a Serb,
452
00:49:58,080 --> 00:50:00,800
they arrested them and killed them.
453
00:50:05,720 --> 00:50:08,000
When we arrived in Sanski Most
454
00:50:08,120 --> 00:50:11,720
on a truck loaded
with ammunition and weapons,
455
00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:15,320
we stopped in front of the Sanus Hotel.
Arkan came out
456
00:50:15,440 --> 00:50:18,440
and one by one asked our names.
457
00:50:19,120 --> 00:50:22,120
Then he sent us to one of the corridors
458
00:50:22,680 --> 00:50:27,080
and told us to take a rest
because we would have a lot of work.
459
00:50:31,240 --> 00:50:33,680
After a while, this...
460
00:50:33,880 --> 00:50:38,320
smallish guy came in and asked me:
“Are you a Turk?”
461
00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:44,200
“If you are a Turk, sit down
and cross your legs like Turks do.”
462
00:50:44,680 --> 00:50:46,920
“And get your head to the floor.”
463
00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:52,080
I could never cross my legs before,
but I managed to do it then out of fear.
464
00:51:04,520 --> 00:51:09,640
I saw that they were handcuffing us
into pairs and loading us into a truck.
465
00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:43,800
They lifted the tarp and said:
“Two of you outside.”
466
00:51:44,640 --> 00:51:48,560
Shortly after the first pair
stepped out, there were two shots.
467
00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:59,400
And so it went on: “Next! Next!”
We went into some garage,
468
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:04,480
and there I saw the two who went
before us dead on the ground.
469
00:52:10,320 --> 00:52:14,960
I suppose I stumbled
over one of the bodies there
470
00:52:15,760 --> 00:52:19,280
so the bullet
that he probably fired at my heart
471
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:23,160
hit me a little higher
and went through my collar bone.
472
00:52:42,800 --> 00:52:46,640
When I realized I was alive,
I pretended to be dead.
473
00:52:47,440 --> 00:52:51,440
Someone in the pile of dead bodies
was still gurgling.
474
00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:57,280
One of them said: “Some are still alive.
Shoot each one in the head.”
475
00:52:58,760 --> 00:53:01,800
The bullet they shot at me
hit me in the chin.
476
00:53:22,160 --> 00:53:27,080
Because Arkan was still alive,
the investigators from Hague asked me
477
00:53:27,160 --> 00:53:31,160
if I wanted protection
since I decided to testify.
478
00:53:31,800 --> 00:53:34,560
I went there to prove the involvement
479
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:38,720
of the Serbian army
in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
480
00:53:39,080 --> 00:53:43,440
Because it was from
those soldiers that I experienced...
481
00:53:43,720 --> 00:53:46,440
I basically survived an execution.
482
00:53:47,760 --> 00:53:51,800
And right now, we are
where it all happened.
483
00:54:02,400 --> 00:54:07,040
I consider it an act of great courage
for a secret Tribunal witness
484
00:54:07,200 --> 00:54:10,720
to connect their face and name
with their testimony
485
00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:16,800
Especially in a country,
where over 100,000 people were killed
486
00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:19,520
and the conflict is still smouldering.
487
00:55:19,920 --> 00:55:22,360
When Sanski Most was liberated,
488
00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:24,800
I was in Germany.
489
00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:28,000
We watched it on the news.
490
00:55:28,080 --> 00:55:31,040
Reporters kept bringing fresh news.
491
00:55:35,440 --> 00:55:38,840
During one report,
I noticed something.
492
00:55:39,120 --> 00:55:42,800
I saw the dead bodies,
and I called to my wife:
493
00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,680
“That’s our garage! Our house!”
494
00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:48,640
“Oh, come on!” she said.
495
00:55:48,720 --> 00:55:52,400
“It is, look!” I replied.
“I can see bodies lying there.”
496
00:55:54,920 --> 00:55:57,640
It was not a house any more but a ruin.
497
00:56:02,720 --> 00:56:07,480
We were the first to return. No one else
was staying in Trnova overnight.
498
00:56:10,360 --> 00:56:14,400
He went to bed in the evening,
and I was standing by the window.
499
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:19,440
Terrified, I was waiting
if the shelling would start again.
500
00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:22,640
He wasn’t scared at all.
He slept like a log.
501
00:56:37,000 --> 00:56:39,920
I just started going to school
502
00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:43,000
when the war broke out
503
00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:45,360
in the former Yugoslavia,
504
00:56:45,720 --> 00:56:48,960
and I have to say
that in those years,
505
00:56:49,080 --> 00:56:53,320
I heard nothing about Arkan.
506
00:56:59,360 --> 00:57:02,720
But immediately after the war,
507
00:57:02,840 --> 00:57:08,280
Arkan became very popular in Serbia.
508
00:57:08,440 --> 00:57:11,480
He was then frequently invited to
509
00:57:11,640 --> 00:57:16,560
both political TV programmes
and light entertainment shows.
510
00:57:17,080 --> 00:57:21,640
On those shows,
he was presented as a strong man,
511
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:26,920
a successful man
and a witty and charismatic person
512
00:57:27,280 --> 00:57:31,440
who fought for Serbian values
and protected us during the war.
513
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:35,560
We knew that he had been
the commander of some unit,
514
00:57:35,720 --> 00:57:39,280
but we knew nothing
about what exactly he had done
515
00:57:39,440 --> 00:57:41,720
besides that he had protected us.
516
00:57:41,880 --> 00:57:44,960
Until it was made public
517
00:57:45,120 --> 00:57:48,480
that he would be indicted
by the Hague Tribunal
518
00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:51,640
and what charges
would be brought against him.
519
00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:03,920
Popularity brought Arkan prominence,
but the focus of his activities
520
00:58:04,080 --> 00:58:06,080
was economic crime.
521
00:58:08,360 --> 00:58:12,680
Under the guise of defending Serbs,
Tigers plundered wherever they went.
522
00:58:19,160 --> 00:58:24,160
He used the money he had made by looting
for his political campaign in Serbia.
523
00:58:26,800 --> 00:58:29,840
He even became an MP for some time.
524
00:58:31,600 --> 00:58:34,560
The Serbian nation
continues to be divided
525
00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:39,440
into communists and monarchists,
Partisans and Chetniks.
526
00:58:39,960 --> 00:58:43,560
All that is history
that we don’t need any more.
527
00:58:43,920 --> 00:58:47,720
We need the Serbian nation
528
00:58:47,880 --> 00:58:51,200
to become a single, united nation.
529
00:58:51,360 --> 00:58:53,680
Only then will we all be
530
00:58:54,840 --> 00:58:57,800
the strongest and invincible.
531
00:58:57,960 --> 00:59:02,080
Only then will we all be
Serbs and humans.
532
00:59:02,200 --> 00:59:04,640
And that’s the most important thing!
533
00:59:16,440 --> 00:59:19,520
We went after him for two long years.
534
00:59:20,400 --> 00:59:25,160
He could only be arrested legally
outside Serbia, under international law.
535
00:59:27,760 --> 00:59:32,360
In September 1998, we received intel
that Arkan would go to Madrid
536
00:59:32,520 --> 00:59:35,600
to watch his football team Obilić play.
537
00:59:36,960 --> 00:59:41,000
He had spent an incredible amount
of money to get the club
538
00:59:41,120 --> 00:59:43,280
into the European league.
539
00:59:44,720 --> 00:59:48,280
Perhaps Arkan got a tip-off
or just gave us the slip,
540
00:59:48,400 --> 00:59:51,000
but we left Madrid empty-handed.
541
01:00:25,880 --> 01:00:29,680
I led a team
that worked on locating them.
542
01:00:30,040 --> 01:00:33,960
So we located and arrested them
and then sent them to the Hague.
543
01:00:39,760 --> 01:00:43,880
If it weren’t for the Tribunal,
no one would have been able to stop
544
01:00:44,200 --> 01:00:47,760
those rolling Croatian,
Bosnian, and Serbian war machines.
545
01:00:48,000 --> 01:00:51,440
Only the Tribunal
and the threat of being arrested
546
01:00:51,560 --> 01:00:55,560
somewhat brought them
to their senses. No one else could.
547
01:00:55,720 --> 01:00:59,960
There was no chance that the courts
in Serbia would do anything
548
01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:03,560
nor those in Croatia and Bosnia, I think.
549
01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:11,200
For several years, we tried to arrest
Arkan all over Europe.
550
01:01:13,600 --> 01:01:16,840
Then, out of the blue, in April 1999,
551
01:01:16,920 --> 01:01:20,920
it was announced that Arkan
would cooperate with the tribunal.
552
01:01:23,200 --> 01:01:27,400
At the time, Slobodan Milošević
was on trial, and Arkan testifying
553
01:01:27,600 --> 01:01:30,480
would spell a huge problem for him.
554
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:40,880
Shortly after, Arkan was shot dead
by a Serbian police officer in Belgrade.
555
01:01:57,040 --> 01:01:58,560
It’s strange.
556
01:01:59,640 --> 01:02:03,560
The two most important cases
I had ever worked on ended this way.
557
01:02:08,520 --> 01:02:12,160
Arkan would never
have gone on trial in Serbia
558
01:02:12,320 --> 01:02:16,960
just like many other people
who were involved in war crimes.
559
01:02:17,320 --> 01:02:21,040
Had he been tried
and convicted by the Hague Tribunal,
560
01:02:21,320 --> 01:02:24,960
I think that it would have been the end
561
01:02:25,120 --> 01:02:27,680
of the Serbian mainstream narrative
562
01:02:27,800 --> 01:02:31,760
that paramilitary units
simply form on their own
563
01:02:31,920 --> 01:02:36,200
when four friends get together
and decide to go to war,
564
01:02:36,360 --> 01:02:39,480
and it has nothing to do with Serbia.
565
01:02:42,360 --> 01:02:44,680
I was invited to Nuremberg.
566
01:02:45,440 --> 01:02:48,280
We were in courtroom 100.
567
01:02:48,800 --> 01:02:52,960
That’s the courtroom where the leaders
of the Third Reich were tried,
568
01:02:53,280 --> 01:02:57,720
and there’s a photograph there,
in which you can see the dock.
569
01:02:58,400 --> 01:03:01,840
I saw Göring,
and then I noticed Jodl.
570
01:03:02,160 --> 01:03:06,600
And, interestingly, all of them
had very concerned looks on their faces.
571
01:03:07,600 --> 01:03:11,800
They were worried about
what would happen to them. And I said
572
01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:16,400
that it was a pity that the guys
from our country hadn’t seen the photo
573
01:03:16,560 --> 01:03:18,960
and how terrified they looked.
574
01:03:19,280 --> 01:03:23,360
I think that things
would have gone differently here.
575
01:03:23,840 --> 01:03:28,080
Our press then confronted me, asking
how I dared compare those fascists
576
01:03:28,240 --> 01:03:30,000
with our peacemakers.
577
01:03:30,520 --> 01:03:32,240
They came at me.
578
01:03:44,960 --> 01:03:47,800
I am rather critical
579
01:03:48,200 --> 01:03:51,000
of the Hague Tribunal.
580
01:03:51,400 --> 01:03:55,720
But ask yourselves
what would have happened
581
01:03:56,400 --> 01:03:59,200
if it had not been established.
582
01:04:00,200 --> 01:04:03,720
In the next election,
we would have likely re-elected
583
01:04:03,840 --> 01:04:06,440
Slobodan Milošević as our president,
584
01:04:06,880 --> 01:04:12,200
Arkan could have become
Minister of the Interior or Defence,
585
01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:15,920
and all the people
that were charged
586
01:04:16,040 --> 01:04:20,280
with very serious crimes
by the Tribunal would have been free,
587
01:04:20,560 --> 01:04:26,480
and after the war, they would have
probably kept their positions and power.
588
01:04:45,400 --> 01:04:48,000
We all grew up here in Bosnia.
589
01:04:48,200 --> 01:04:51,440
Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians.
590
01:04:52,840 --> 01:04:55,560
As far as I know, only the Croats,
591
01:04:55,680 --> 01:05:00,560
who had some 50 houses around here,
they alone didn’t come back.
592
01:05:02,880 --> 01:05:06,560
All the young people
have left for abroad.
593
01:05:07,080 --> 01:05:09,200
That’s how it is.
594
01:05:11,200 --> 01:05:15,840
Of course I would prefer if my
children and grandchildren were here.
595
01:05:19,080 --> 01:05:23,160
Who will serve my son dinner
when he comes home from work?
596
01:05:26,840 --> 01:05:29,240
I arrested both
Karadžić and Mladić
597
01:05:29,680 --> 01:05:33,000
so I wasn’t very popular.
Even today, some people say:
598
01:05:33,120 --> 01:05:36,040
“That’s the guy that arrests only Serbs.”
599
01:05:36,640 --> 01:05:40,520
But the neighbourhood
I live in is quite classy.
600
01:05:40,680 --> 01:05:44,280
There’s a lot of decent people here,
and I get no trouble.
601
01:05:44,360 --> 01:05:48,680
But as soon as I head to the suburbs,
they call: “Look, it’s him!”
602
01:05:52,400 --> 01:05:55,840
From the moment
the Tribunal was established
603
01:05:56,280 --> 01:06:00,280
I firmly believed
that it was an institution
604
01:06:00,680 --> 01:06:04,400
that would help bring to justice
605
01:06:04,520 --> 01:06:07,040
perpetrators of war crimes,
606
01:06:07,200 --> 01:06:10,120
but that it would also help
607
01:06:10,840 --> 01:06:13,360
national courts
608
01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:17,640
to start trying war crimes.
609
01:06:26,640 --> 01:06:30,720
I testified at a national court
610
01:06:31,760 --> 01:06:35,520
in several cases of war crimes
perpetrated by Croats.
611
01:06:39,560 --> 01:06:43,280
As a result, I was labelled as someone
612
01:06:43,800 --> 01:06:46,680
who took the enemy’s side.
613
01:06:54,160 --> 01:06:57,240
It’s not pleasant for me
nor for my family.
614
01:06:57,480 --> 01:07:02,040
I was targeted by the media
at one point, and it went on for a while,
615
01:07:02,120 --> 01:07:05,200
but it made me realize
616
01:07:05,280 --> 01:07:09,800
that it was probably time
for me to leave my job.
617
01:07:17,640 --> 01:07:21,720
I don’t want to live in a society
where my neighbour
618
01:07:21,840 --> 01:07:25,920
is someone who has killed
200 people in Croatia or Bosnia.
619
01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:30,440
I don’t want my child
620
01:07:30,520 --> 01:07:34,640
to play with such person
or even say hello to them.
621
01:07:34,800 --> 01:07:38,520
I don’t want it to be acceptable
that they won’t be convicted
622
01:07:38,600 --> 01:07:41,640
because twenty-five years have passed.
623
01:07:44,880 --> 01:07:50,160
In total, the Tribunal prosecuted
161 people and convicted 90 of them.
624
01:07:51,720 --> 01:07:55,400
I can’t say it’s a low number,
but it’s not enough for me.
625
01:07:56,720 --> 01:08:00,480
We gradually obtained
the names of the actual shooters,
626
01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:04,560
and most were out of our reach.
Outside our jurisdiction.
627
01:08:29,800 --> 01:08:33,680
More justice could have been served,
had the Yugoslav states
628
01:08:33,760 --> 01:08:36,240
fully cooperated with the tribunal.
629
01:08:38,320 --> 01:08:42,000
We could have solved
far more for them.
630
01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:06,480
When you do this job for ten years,
631
01:09:06,640 --> 01:09:09,800
the stress and emotions
inevitably get to you.
632
01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:13,960
That’s why
I eventually left the tribunal.
633
01:09:14,800 --> 01:09:18,360
I got a job offer from the UN,
and I thought to myself
634
01:09:18,480 --> 01:09:21,000
that ten years was enough.
635
01:09:24,080 --> 01:09:27,880
In hindsight,
I think I made the wrong decision
636
01:09:28,640 --> 01:09:32,960
and that I should have continued
working for the tribunal.
637
01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:52,840
We did a lot of bad shit
But there’s a catch
638
01:10:52,840 --> 01:10:56,160
You burned and stole, too
We’re a match
639
01:10:56,160 --> 01:10:58,520
Years went by, we only
stuck with our brothers
640
01:10:58,520 --> 01:11:01,080
Never grew the balls
to talk to the others
641
01:11:01,080 --> 01:11:03,920
That’s why, dear Milan,
I’m writing you this letter
642
01:11:03,920 --> 01:11:07,000
We’re not the same
Some are worse, some better
643
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:09,920
They’ll raise their voice
But I made my choice
644
01:11:09,920 --> 01:11:12,520
My intention is kind
I have a peace of mind
645
01:11:12,520 --> 01:11:15,400
Fuck their rules
I’ll never be a hater
646
01:11:15,400 --> 01:11:18,360
Time will tell
If I’m a fighter or traitor
647
01:11:18,360 --> 01:11:21,280
We all suffer
When will it end
648
01:11:21,280 --> 01:11:24,160
I’ll be the first
to reach out my hand
649
01:11:26,800 --> 01:11:29,760
How can you show
some love to the others
650
01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:32,400
Kicked by your team
Spat on by their brothers
651
01:11:32,400 --> 01:11:35,320
They will use you
to fight in their ring
652
01:11:35,320 --> 01:11:38,200
Look at the sky
New fires are burning
653
01:11:38,200 --> 01:11:40,920
How can you show
some love to the others
654
01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:43,680
Kicked by your team
Spat on by their brothers
655
01:11:43,680 --> 01:11:46,600
They will use you
to fight in their ring
656
01:11:46,600 --> 01:11:49,280
Look at the sky
New fires are burning
657
01:11:49,280 --> 01:11:52,040
I’m afraid even
when I’m writing these lines
658
01:11:52,040 --> 01:11:55,240
They’ll say I spat at
our granddads’ lost lives
659
01:11:55,240 --> 01:11:58,040
I know you’re waiting
for the phone to ring
660
01:11:58,040 --> 01:12:00,760
I know cause I, too,
have been waiting
661
01:12:00,760 --> 01:12:03,600
We’re so alike
It’s a shame
662
01:12:03,600 --> 01:12:06,360
We come to visit
lying about a relative’s name
663
01:12:06,360 --> 01:12:09,240
Feeling like a swine
in Teheran
664
01:12:09,240 --> 01:12:12,080
Just like me
when I come to Trebinje
665
01:12:12,080 --> 01:12:14,880
How can you show
some love to the others
666
01:12:14,880 --> 01:12:17,600
Kicked by your team
Spat on by their brothers
667
01:12:17,600 --> 01:12:20,600
They will use you
to fight in their ring
668
01:12:20,600 --> 01:12:23,360
Look at the sky
New fires are burning
669
01:12:23,360 --> 01:12:26,120
How can you show
some love to the others
670
01:12:26,120 --> 01:12:28,800
Kicked by your team
Spat on by their brothers
671
01:12:28,800 --> 01:12:31,800
They will use you
to fight in their ring
672
01:12:31,800 --> 01:12:34,600
Look at the sky
New fires are burning
673
01:12:34,600 --> 01:12:37,280
I won’t be bugging you
about Dodik’s lies
674
01:12:37,280 --> 01:12:40,280
the nationalism machine
just to make more dough
675
01:12:40,280 --> 01:12:43,160
We’re not brothers
Fuck the good old days
676
01:12:43,160 --> 01:12:45,800
Going to each other’s
Bayrams and holidays
677
01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:49,000
They sold it all
It fell apart
678
01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:51,760
Brothers into rivals
overnight
679
01:12:51,760 --> 01:12:54,480
No more counting
deaths and corpses
680
01:12:54,480 --> 01:12:57,160
Burned mosques
Torn down churches
681
01:12:57,160 --> 01:12:59,760
It’s hard to stand
the guilt trip, the tension
682
01:12:59,760 --> 01:13:03,320
when my people call you
a genocidal nation
683
01:13:03,320 --> 01:13:05,760
You’re not like that
I know it’s bullshit
684
01:13:05,760 --> 01:13:08,560
I want you to know
that’s not what I think
55897
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