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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,600 --> 00:00:04,674 Subtitles downloaded from www.OpenSubtitles.org 2 00:00:53,801 --> 00:00:55,434 People are awfully forgiving 3 00:00:56,630 --> 00:01:03,489 They just don't understand what's been done to them 4 00:01:01,108 --> 00:01:08,164 We are rats in an epochal shift, there's a point where the West 5 00:01:09,548 --> 00:01:11,956 could tip into a complacent and quite well off redundancy 6 00:01:13,123 --> 00:01:15,020 or we could play a decisive role in the future 7 00:01:17,956 --> 00:01:19,732 what the banks did was reprehensible 8 00:01:20,604 --> 00:01:22,132 that was why there was the outrage of the greed of the bankers 9 00:01:23,724 --> 00:01:28,233 when we gave them money that was supposed to help them lend to others 10 00:01:28,460 --> 00:01:33,719 but they decided to use that money to pay themselves bonuses, for what? ....For record losses? 11 00:01:35,268 --> 00:01:37,274 We are governed by corporations today 12 00:01:37,459 --> 00:01:42,939 often by corporations that don't have very much interest in the USA. 13 00:01:43,193 --> 00:01:46,404 I don't know what happened man, what happened to the the USA 14 00:01:46,558 --> 00:01:50,829 we're so far in the ditch, you know what, at what moment did it all go bad? 15 00:01:50,982 --> 00:01:54,926 Was it disco, was it Donna Summer, is that what killed America?` 16 00:02:00,581 --> 00:02:03,765 We are entering the age of consequence 17 00:02:04,905 --> 00:02:09,533 A rapacious financial system, escalating organised violence 18 00:02:10,591 --> 00:02:15,344 abject poverty for billions, and the looming environmental fallout 19 00:02:16,645 --> 00:02:22,982 are all converging at a time when governments, religion and mainstream economists have stalled 20 00:02:28,489 --> 00:02:33,837 War, conquest, famine and death 21 00:02:35,534 --> 00:02:37,885 The Four Horsemen are Coming! 22 00:03:50,435 --> 00:03:53,024 This is not a film that sees conspiracies 23 00:03:54,028 --> 00:03:56,400 It's not a film that mongers fear 24 00:03:57,293 --> 00:04:00,400 It's not a film that blames bankers or politicians 25 00:04:01,605 --> 00:04:04,427 It's a film that questions the systems we've created 26 00:04:04,707 --> 00:04:07,418 and suggests ways to reform them 27 00:04:11,023 --> 00:04:13,958 Over centuries systems have been subtly modified, 28 00:04:14,522 --> 00:04:16,659 manipulated and even corrupted. 29 00:04:17,193 --> 00:04:19,619 Often to serve the interests of the few 30 00:04:20,354 --> 00:04:22,833 We have continuously accepted these changes 31 00:04:23,023 --> 00:04:26,986 because man can adjust to live under virtually any conditions 32 00:04:27,234 --> 00:04:29,729 The trait that has enabled us to survive 33 00:04:29,909 --> 00:04:32,822 is the very trait that has suppressed us 34 00:04:35,192 --> 00:04:36,603 Most societies have an elite, 35 00:04:36,841 --> 00:04:38,178 and elite tries to stay in power 36 00:04:38,374 --> 00:04:40,561 The way they stay in power is not 37 00:04:40,762 --> 00:04:43,273 by controlling the means of the production to be Marxist, 38 00:04:43,500 --> 00:04:44,959 in effect controlling the money, 39 00:04:45,233 --> 00:04:47,522 but by controlling the cognitive map, the way we think. 40 00:04:47,818 --> 00:04:49,658 and what really matters in that respect 41 00:04:49,922 --> 00:04:51,519 is not so much what is said in public 42 00:04:51,762 --> 00:04:54,337 but what is left undebated, unsaid. 43 00:04:56,086 --> 00:04:59,818 For centuries gatekeepers have manipulated our cognitive map 44 00:05:00,589 --> 00:05:04,972 but in 1989 a computer scientist by the name of Tim Burners Lee 45 00:05:05,262 --> 00:05:08,401 implemented the first successful communication between 46 00:05:08,612 --> 00:05:13,177 an http client and a server, the www was born. 47 00:05:14,458 --> 00:05:16,647 It has since unleashed a tsunami of 48 00:05:16,822 --> 00:05:20,090 instantly accessible freely available information. 49 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,648 Just as Gutenberg's printing press wrestled for control of 50 00:05:24,683 --> 00:05:27,946 the cognitive map away from an ecclesiastical and royal elite, 51 00:05:28,236 --> 00:05:31,852 today the internet is beginning to change governments, 52 00:05:32,169 --> 00:05:33,695 finance and the media 53 00:05:34,345 --> 00:05:36,634 We are at the cusp of change 54 00:05:37,284 --> 00:05:40,466 But to enact it we must first understand the things 55 00:05:40,794 --> 00:05:42,872 that have been left unsaid for so long 56 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:47,334 to do that we need context from people who speak the truth 57 00:05:47,599 --> 00:05:49,343 in the face of collective delusion. 58 00:05:49,675 --> 00:05:53,157 because to understand something is to be liberated from it 59 00:06:28,206 --> 00:06:31,681 In the end of world war 2 we had 50% of the Worlds GDP 60 00:06:32,198 --> 00:06:35,421 we we're making 54 000 planes a year, 7000 ships etc. 61 00:06:36,483 --> 00:06:39,497 We we're the new Rome and we recognised it. 62 00:06:39,840 --> 00:06:43,624 We devised the power management scheme in the 1947 national security act 63 00:06:43,872 --> 00:06:46,150 to what we thought manage it, 64 00:06:46,525 --> 00:06:48,184 it worked fairly well during the cold war 65 00:06:48,897 --> 00:06:50,175 but we haven't done anything since, 66 00:06:50,471 --> 00:06:54,069 and I think that's another sign of our inability to grasp 67 00:06:54,401 --> 00:06:56,088 the new world if you will. 68 00:07:02,412 --> 00:07:05,180 Empires do not begin or end on a certain date 69 00:07:05,545 --> 00:07:07,325 but they do end. 70 00:07:07,748 --> 00:07:09,222 And the west has not yet come to terms 71 00:07:09,476 --> 00:07:11,108 with it's fading supremacy 72 00:07:11,848 --> 00:07:15,662 at the end of every empire, under the guise of renewal, 73 00:07:16,011 --> 00:07:18,948 tribes, armies and organisations appear 74 00:07:19,249 --> 00:07:22,202 and devour the heritage of the former superpower 75 00:07:22,905 --> 00:07:24,807 often from within 76 00:07:28,113 --> 00:07:32,311 In his essay, "the fate of empires, the soldier diplomat and traveller", 77 00:07:32,654 --> 00:07:36,869 lt.General Sir John Glubb analysed the lifecycle of empires. 78 00:07:37,238 --> 00:07:40,502 He found remarkable similarities between them all 79 00:07:42,642 --> 00:07:49,402 An Empire lasts about 250 years or 10 generations from the early pioneers 80 00:07:49,731 --> 00:07:53,641 to the final conspicuous consumers who become a burden on the state 81 00:07:57,107 --> 00:08:00,683 6 ages define the lifespan of an empire 82 00:08:01,063 --> 00:08:02,976 The age of Pioneers 83 00:08:03,229 --> 00:08:05,582 The age of Conquests 84 00:08:05,989 --> 00:08:07,700 The age of Commerce 85 00:08:08,208 --> 00:08:10,492 The age of Affluence 86 00:08:10,835 --> 00:08:13,041 The age of Intellect 87 00:08:13,527 --> 00:08:18,031 Ending with bread and circuses in the age of Decadence 88 00:08:19,257 --> 00:08:22,064 There are common features to every age of decadence 89 00:08:22,509 --> 00:08:28,028 an undisciplined overextended military 90 00:08:28,557 --> 00:08:32,033 a conspicuous display of wealth 91 00:08:35,463 --> 00:08:39,453 a massive disparity between rich and poor 92 00:08:40,429 --> 00:08:43,141 a desire to live off a bloated state 93 00:08:43,966 --> 00:08:46,650 and an obsession with sex 94 00:08:52,211 --> 00:08:54,995 But perhaps the most notorious trait of all 95 00:08:55,387 --> 00:08:57,109 is the debasement of the currency 96 00:08:57,623 --> 00:09:05,844 The US and UK both began on a gold and silver standard long since abandoned 97 00:09:06,430 --> 00:09:09,005 Rome was no different 98 00:09:10,452 --> 00:09:12,735 So it started on a principle that was very sound 99 00:09:13,089 --> 00:09:14,527 and it was on a silver standard 100 00:09:14,797 --> 00:09:17,428 but as it corrupted further and further 101 00:09:17,650 --> 00:09:22,579 the Roman Dinarius got to the point where it was basically a copper coin 102 00:09:22,828 --> 00:09:23,984 and they learned how to plate it 103 00:09:24,418 --> 00:09:25,295 It was washed in silver, 104 00:09:25,622 --> 00:09:27,007 and in circulation the plating came off 105 00:09:27,366 --> 00:09:31,831 At the end all the senators that did at one time represent the people, 106 00:09:32,070 --> 00:09:35,833 only we're interested in how much wealth they could steal off the top. 107 00:09:37,551 --> 00:09:41,425 Great Empire wealth always dazzles, but beneath the surface 108 00:09:41,737 --> 00:09:45,904 the unbridled desire for money, power and material possessions 109 00:09:46,231 --> 00:09:49,423 means that duty and public service are replaced by 110 00:09:49,651 --> 00:09:53,266 leaders and citizens who scramble for the spoils. 111 00:09:53,710 --> 00:09:57,011 Historically all the signs of the demise of 112 00:09:57,286 --> 00:09:59,177 the empire are beginning to develop, 113 00:09:59,367 --> 00:10:01,297 some more stringent than others 114 00:10:01,513 --> 00:10:03,859 this current economic and financial crisis, 115 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:08,637 always accompanies the demise of an empire 116 00:10:08,859 --> 00:10:13,207 the people of Rome are constantly being distracted by gladiatorial events, 117 00:10:13,408 --> 00:10:15,605 and the politicians knew that they did this. 118 00:10:15,806 --> 00:10:20,920 The politicians created new events, with lots and lots of gladiators 119 00:10:21,422 --> 00:10:24,454 and everyday we are doing that very same thing. 120 00:10:24,818 --> 00:10:27,216 That is a common trait of the colonial empire. 121 00:10:27,380 --> 00:10:32,400 So today in the US for example you'll find a tremendous emphasis on all kinds 122 00:10:32,553 --> 00:10:35,650 of TV-programmes that distract people from what's really going on. 123 00:10:35,925 --> 00:10:39,000 Sports is a big part of that, as it was in gladiator times. 124 00:10:39,196 --> 00:10:45,801 In essence we've been lulled into a lethargy 125 00:10:46,087 --> 00:10:48,031 and we've accepted that 126 00:10:48,317 --> 00:10:51,962 Just as our sport stars today envy our sons, 127 00:10:52,264 --> 00:10:54,637 so did roman charioteers 128 00:10:54,859 --> 00:10:56,825 in the second century one by the name of 129 00:10:57,021 --> 00:10:59,564 Gaius Appoleius Diocles amassed a fortune of 130 00:10:59,754 --> 00:11:02,440 35 Mln sesterces in prize money 131 00:11:02,604 --> 00:11:05,848 equivalent to several billion dollars today 132 00:11:06,191 --> 00:11:09,655 Strangely perhaps, there's another profession that is 133 00:11:09,819 --> 00:11:12,752 disproportionately hallowed as an empire declines 134 00:11:12,968 --> 00:11:18,961 The Romans, Ottomans and the Spanish all made celebrities of their chefs 135 00:11:19,669 --> 00:11:23,496 This again is typifying the end of an empire 136 00:11:23,807 --> 00:11:28,001 where things we're so great we have this last oomph of momentum 137 00:11:28,233 --> 00:11:30,649 that we used to be great, 138 00:11:30,908 --> 00:11:33,936 we felt great, we don't feel that anymore 139 00:11:34,186 --> 00:11:36,680 so everyone is out searching for it. 140 00:11:37,125 --> 00:11:41,091 Maybe it's in the best food or the best clothes 141 00:11:41,297 --> 00:11:46,076 or music or movies or reality TV-show or another magazine 142 00:11:46,848 --> 00:11:49,021 but you can never get enough of what you don't need 143 00:11:49,286 --> 00:11:51,919 what you need is a strong moral conviction that is 144 00:11:52,105 --> 00:11:55,504 pervasive throughout the society and integrity reigns. 145 00:11:55,752 --> 00:12:04,243 there's a vast apathy, there's a vast amoralism, even a political nature to it 146 00:12:04,523 --> 00:12:08,021 that is to say there are vast numbers of people who don't give a damn 147 00:12:08,264 --> 00:12:14,718 So, there's this natural entropy, in a living organism, 148 00:12:14,956 --> 00:12:19,814 which an empire is of course, over time dies. 149 00:12:20,094 --> 00:12:22,759 The question is how does it die? 150 00:12:22,976 --> 00:12:25,724 Does it die devoured in a cascade of events or, 151 00:12:25,914 --> 00:12:27,601 does it die over a long period of time 152 00:12:28,744 --> 00:12:32,476 The baby boomer generation we're born into this age of decadence, 153 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:37,906 perhaps unwittingly they've broken the unspoken intergenerational contract 154 00:12:39,122 --> 00:12:42,819 through unfretted consumerism, spiraling house prices, 155 00:12:43,151 --> 00:12:45,600 and the desire for eternal youth 156 00:12:46,023 --> 00:12:49,582 the baby boomers have squandered future generations inheritance 157 00:12:49,862 --> 00:12:52,585 My generation and the generation right after my generation 158 00:12:52,871 --> 00:12:56,466 I think we've forgot that little phrase in the preamble in our constitution 159 00:12:57,274 --> 00:13:03,282 which says, "and our posterity" All of a sudden it became "us", period. 160 00:13:03,820 --> 00:13:06,982 The baby boom generation which I'm part of is gone 161 00:13:07,225 --> 00:13:11,860 and the biggest misalocation of capital in the history of mankind. 162 00:13:12,119 --> 00:13:16,236 We've had cheap oil or cheap energy is a better way to rephrase it 163 00:13:16,421 --> 00:13:25,570 we've had an abundance of ideas, and we've chosen a system and perpetuated it 164 00:13:26,252 --> 00:13:31,905 That is probably one of the worst ways to use the blessings that have been 165 00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:35,425 bestowed upon us and we're going to pay a price for that 166 00:13:37,237 --> 00:13:41,439 Human beings are inconsistent and paradoxical 167 00:13:41,724 --> 00:13:44,271 we hope for peace and immortality 168 00:13:44,583 --> 00:13:47,997 but continually invent new ways to destroy each other 169 00:13:48,235 --> 00:13:51,838 we're capable of the kindest most noble acts 170 00:13:52,092 --> 00:13:55,555 and the most horrific atrocities 171 00:13:59,355 --> 00:14:01,268 Human beings are complex creatures 172 00:14:01,627 --> 00:14:08,290 We're capable for right now at this minute in acting in such a way 173 00:14:08,523 --> 00:14:12,891 as to make it likely if not certain 174 00:14:13,150 --> 00:14:18,073 that our grandchildren are going to face terrible disasters 175 00:14:18,327 --> 00:14:23,719 and we're consciously acting to accelerate that likelyhood 176 00:14:24,005 --> 00:14:26,062 even though we all love our grandchildren 177 00:14:26,284 --> 00:14:28,378 How can it be more contradictory than that 178 00:14:28,827 --> 00:14:34,426 In spite of all the economic activities of the last 50-70 years 179 00:14:34,643 --> 00:14:37,922 since the World War 2 and all the industrialisation 180 00:14:38,117 --> 00:14:44,421 we have not yet managed to solve the problem of poverty, 181 00:14:44,632 --> 00:14:47,265 depravation, hunger or malnutrition.. 182 00:14:47,493 --> 00:14:53,610 Millions of people, every night go to bed without food 183 00:14:54,107 --> 00:14:58,318 and millions of people are throwing away their food. 184 00:14:58,619 --> 00:15:03,969 Waste on one hand, and poverty and depravation and hunger on the other 185 00:15:04,512 --> 00:15:08,599 Malnutrition on one hand, and obesity on the other 186 00:15:09,106 --> 00:15:12,537 What kind of system have we created? 187 00:15:13,493 --> 00:15:15,803 Why with such brilliant knowledge on the planet 188 00:15:16,088 --> 00:15:19,174 are we still struggling to distribute wealth fairly? 189 00:15:20,786 --> 00:15:23,264 How has the human race developed a flawed system of 190 00:15:23,554 --> 00:15:27,385 government and economics that serves the few at the expense of the many? 191 00:15:27,649 --> 00:15:32,013 And with such poverty in an age of plenty, why have we not 192 00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:37,153 the will to change such a vicious structure? 193 00:15:37,491 --> 00:15:44,440 Greed is the fundamental kind of ingredience for the immoral economy 194 00:15:44,699 --> 00:15:50,426 The problem is not that there's not enough in the world 195 00:15:50,658 --> 00:15:55,047 people say that they have poverty, that we have to create more wealth 196 00:15:55,274 --> 00:15:58,750 "There's enough in the world for everybody's need" 197 00:15:58,934 --> 00:16:03,432 as Mahatma Ghandi said ..."but not for anybody's greed". 198 00:16:04,008 --> 00:16:07,321 But is it just greed, or does it go deeper than that? 199 00:16:07,701 --> 00:16:10,866 Is the problem systemic? 200 00:16:51,497 --> 00:16:55,995 As a civilization, we've obviously had a great run 201 00:16:56,232 --> 00:16:58,907 we've had the industrial revolution 202 00:16:59,108 --> 00:17:02,981 having survived that we built a lot of modern military technology 203 00:17:03,245 --> 00:17:05,776 we've survived that so far. We built a banking system, 204 00:17:06,072 --> 00:17:09,202 and we're still struggling with that part 205 00:17:09,451 --> 00:17:10,766 We've got a good run... 206 00:17:10,936 --> 00:17:13,932 It's kind of like when I was working at wall street for 7 years 207 00:17:14,154 --> 00:17:17,732 I had the experience some people would have that we're working in a 208 00:17:17,912 --> 00:17:19,122 meat processing plant... 209 00:17:19,260 --> 00:17:20,702 ...they become vegetarian 210 00:17:20,887 --> 00:17:23,100 When you work on Wall Street and you see how the banks make money, 211 00:17:23,259 --> 00:17:27,967 you see JP-Morgan... ...when you see money, it kind of makes you sick. 212 00:17:28,227 --> 00:17:32,055 I think if the people knew what the banking system is up to, 213 00:17:32,314 --> 00:17:35,322 as Henry Ford said there would be "a revolution tomorrow morning". 214 00:17:35,576 --> 00:17:41,643 The fact is most people think is, what a bank does is lend money that 215 00:17:41,812 --> 00:17:43,889 someone else has put there previously. 216 00:17:44,085 --> 00:17:50,089 But what a commercial bank actually does, is to create money from nothing 217 00:17:50,290 --> 00:17:52,822 and then lend it to you with interest. 218 00:17:53,044 --> 00:17:57,477 If I'd do that, it would be called counterfeiting 219 00:17:57,731 --> 00:18:03,255 If an accountant does it, it's called "cooking the books". 220 00:18:03,482 --> 00:18:05,891 If a bank does it, then it's perfectly legal. 221 00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:11,398 So long as you allow fraud to be legalised, 222 00:18:11,979 --> 00:18:16,444 then all kinds of problems will pop up in the economic systems, 223 00:18:16,645 --> 00:18:18,352 which you can't do anything about. 224 00:18:18,553 --> 00:18:20,756 Private banks create money out of nothing 225 00:18:21,047 --> 00:18:22,484 and lend it out at interest. 226 00:18:22,807 --> 00:18:28,994 Now that sounds absurd, but when i teach soft morals about money and banking 227 00:18:29,179 --> 00:18:33,416 they never believe it, so you have to go through it again and again... 228 00:18:33,611 --> 00:18:37,570 Yes! Banks do create money, here's how it happens 229 00:18:37,766 --> 00:18:44,619 And they're right to doubt that that could possibly be what's going on 230 00:18:44,830 --> 00:18:46,056 but it is 231 00:18:46,563 --> 00:18:49,412 Now if the banking lobby is very strong they're going to say 232 00:18:49,581 --> 00:18:52,182 "well we don't want to change the system, we're making so much money out of it, 233 00:18:52,398 --> 00:18:53,731 what we have to do is: 234 00:18:53,925 --> 00:18:56,383 A: Try convince the people that it's their fault; 235 00:18:56,541 --> 00:19:01,710 "Their wage claims are to high, that's why we have lots of inflation". 236 00:19:01,895 --> 00:19:06,267 Or: "People are speculating on housing, that's why house pricing is going up..." 237 00:19:06,457 --> 00:19:08,323 what they're not going to say is; 238 00:19:08,536 --> 00:19:10,823 "This is happening because the banks are creating money out of nothing, 239 00:19:10,993 --> 00:19:14,339 and pumping it in to the system, that's why the prices are going up". 240 00:19:15,020 --> 00:19:19,951 But how is it we've ended up with a system in which banks have the power to create money? 241 00:19:23,344 --> 00:19:29,234 Since 1971 when president Nixon took the US off what was left of the Gold standard, 242 00:19:29,477 --> 00:19:33,358 the world was operated under a system known as FIAT. 243 00:19:35,072 --> 00:19:39,139 The dollar, pound and euro are all government FIAT currencies. 244 00:19:40,234 --> 00:19:42,719 FIAT is a latin word, meaning "let it be so". 245 00:19:43,206 --> 00:19:46,046 It's the law that this government currency be money. 246 00:19:46,341 --> 00:19:50,922 Without that legal enforcement, and the fact that we must pay taxes with this money, 247 00:19:51,096 --> 00:19:54,879 that dollar bill, or that computer digit that represents the dollar, 248 00:19:55,027 --> 00:19:57,179 would be pretty much meaningless. 249 00:19:57,369 --> 00:20:00,446 Only the government has the power to issue FIAT money. 250 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:03,232 But banks can create it through lending. 251 00:20:03,448 --> 00:20:08,762 Over the last 40 years, since this system of FIAT money became the global norm, 252 00:20:08,995 --> 00:20:11,800 the supply of money has grown exponentially. 253 00:20:12,054 --> 00:20:16,178 In fact we've seen the greatest growth of money in history. 254 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:18,297 But who benefit's? 255 00:20:19,772 --> 00:20:23,070 Of course those who have the power to issue the money, 256 00:20:23,297 --> 00:20:24,501 the governments and banks. 257 00:20:24,677 --> 00:20:28,493 Then those companies and individuals that get this money early, 258 00:20:28,926 --> 00:20:32,620 can spend it before the prices of the things they want to buy, 259 00:20:32,837 --> 00:20:35,729 have risen to reflect the new money in circulation. 260 00:20:37,378 --> 00:20:41,784 In other words they get services, products or assets cheap, 261 00:20:42,096 --> 00:20:44,411 but prices soon rise. 262 00:20:44,670 --> 00:20:48,982 So, holders of assets such as houses or shares will then see gains 263 00:20:49,225 --> 00:20:51,550 without there necessarily being any improvements 264 00:20:51,756 --> 00:20:53,285 to the company or the house in question. 265 00:20:53,496 --> 00:20:56,561 Often this can lead to speculative bubbles. 266 00:20:57,043 --> 00:20:59,385 But what about those on the bottom of the pyramid? 267 00:20:59,607 --> 00:21:04,843 Those on fixed wages or incomes, those who live in remote areas or those with savings? 268 00:21:05,081 --> 00:21:08,470 By the time this newly created money has filtered down to them, 269 00:21:08,655 --> 00:21:11,314 the prices of the things they want to buy have increased. 270 00:21:11,536 --> 00:21:13,228 Their savings buy them less 271 00:21:13,868 --> 00:21:16,607 and their wages remain largely unchanged. 272 00:21:17,458 --> 00:21:21,338 In some cases they have to take on debt, just to afford things 273 00:21:21,677 --> 00:21:23,194 they previously we're able to buy. 274 00:21:23,431 --> 00:21:26,206 Which means they have to go back to the banks. 275 00:21:26,517 --> 00:21:31,683 In reality this process of creating money, only redistributes wealth 276 00:21:31,878 --> 00:21:34,242 from the bottom to the top of the pyramid. 277 00:21:34,459 --> 00:21:37,551 And that's that ever increasing gulf between the rich and poor 278 00:21:37,741 --> 00:21:41,695 gets bigger and bigger and bigger. 279 00:21:43,534 --> 00:21:46,501 When you get off the gold standard and switch to FIAT, 280 00:21:46,670 --> 00:21:49,252 combined with a fractional reserve banking system, 281 00:21:49,421 --> 00:21:52,074 you end up compounding debt faster than you can ever 282 00:21:52,249 --> 00:21:55,246 possibly produce to support that debt. 283 00:21:55,425 --> 00:21:58,380 So eventually you're going to find yourself in a debt slavery 284 00:21:58,575 --> 00:22:00,901 and that's what's happening in the US. 285 00:22:01,091 --> 00:22:07,516 For every dollar of GDP, you also create some 5 dollars and 50 cents of debt. 286 00:22:07,724 --> 00:22:13,258 This is what happens when the economy flips over and basically capsizes. 287 00:22:13,470 --> 00:22:20,815 The government solution now is to create more debt. 288 00:22:21,037 --> 00:22:23,714 You can never get enough of a currency that doesn't work. 289 00:22:23,883 --> 00:22:25,513 You can print it to kingdom comes. 290 00:22:25,735 --> 00:22:29,262 You can't print wealth, and you can't get out of debt by creating more debt. 291 00:22:29,463 --> 00:22:34,549 If you could, Zimbabwe would be the largest most prosperous country on the planet, 292 00:22:34,718 --> 00:22:36,172 we know it doesn't work. 293 00:22:37,398 --> 00:22:42,452 Of the money in the world today 97% is debt. 294 00:22:42,739 --> 00:22:49,822 Voltaire once said: "All paper money eventually returns to it's intrinsic value, 295 00:22:50,007 --> 00:22:52,664 Zero!" 296 00:22:54,419 --> 00:23:01,014 For three generations the world watched the fight between capitalism and communism, 297 00:23:01,499 --> 00:23:04,899 but in the 1980s the Russian economy started to collapse. 298 00:23:05,164 --> 00:23:10,846 The Soviet Union capitulated, and "so called" capitalism reigned supreme. 299 00:23:17,277 --> 00:23:21,142 Before 1989 we had a battle between communism and the market. 300 00:23:21,380 --> 00:23:25,343 And in that battle there was a sense of; 301 00:23:26,405 --> 00:23:30,125 "Lets not expose the flaws in the market economy". 302 00:23:30,506 --> 00:23:32,996 This is too important of a battle that; 303 00:23:33,185 --> 00:23:37,148 "you don't criticise our team when fighting their team". 304 00:23:37,756 --> 00:23:41,382 And their team; social with authoritarianism, 305 00:23:41,635 --> 00:23:46,238 their failure to deliver well being to their society... 306 00:23:46,450 --> 00:23:49,949 It was very clear that if you had to choose between these two, 307 00:23:50,148 --> 00:23:51,756 which one was better. 308 00:23:51,956 --> 00:23:53,849 Communism failed first, 309 00:23:54,203 --> 00:24:00,588 for various reasons, it was inefficient, human rights, lack of respect... 310 00:24:00,853 --> 00:24:07,764 Capitalism was continuing in a triumphant mode, 311 00:24:08,017 --> 00:24:12,944 "Our adversary has failed therefore we have done everything right" 312 00:24:13,419 --> 00:24:17,886 Both systems are trying to do something which is fundamentally impossible 313 00:24:18,161 --> 00:24:19,709 grow forever... 314 00:24:19,984 --> 00:24:22,399 And they are both going to fail, one fails first. 315 00:24:22,669 --> 00:24:28,991 Capitalism is going to fail later, or even now. 316 00:24:29,282 --> 00:24:31,222 America now is in an interesting position. 317 00:24:31,428 --> 00:24:35,201 In the past 2-300 years of it's history, 318 00:24:35,439 --> 00:24:39,552 it's a culture and country which has always existed on 319 00:24:39,769 --> 00:24:42,366 the assumption that the resources could be expanded. 320 00:24:42,555 --> 00:24:46,421 If there was a problem, you always try to do it by expanding the pie 321 00:24:46,738 --> 00:24:48,847 go west, make the pie bigger... 322 00:24:49,059 --> 00:24:51,099 ...so that everyones got a bigger piece. 323 00:24:51,311 --> 00:24:55,227 Now it's facing a world where possibly resources are being more constrained. 324 00:24:55,428 --> 00:24:59,827 It's going to have to divide all that pie and inflict pain on people. 325 00:25:00,039 --> 00:25:02,455 That's something which it's not well prepared for. 326 00:25:03,815 --> 00:25:09,190 How has the country moved so far from the intentions of it's founding fathers? 327 00:25:09,994 --> 00:25:13,303 How has the American Dream become so distorted? 328 00:25:13,509 --> 00:25:18,142 Over the last 30-40 years, capitalism has taken this extreme form 329 00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:20,782 and a lot of it goes back to the economist 330 00:25:20,988 --> 00:25:22,485 Milton Friedman from the Chicago school. 331 00:25:22,707 --> 00:25:27,153 Ronald Reagan and Margret Thatcher and others buying in to these policies 332 00:25:27,347 --> 00:25:31,910 They really encouraged people to take on huge amounts of debt 333 00:25:32,143 --> 00:25:38,758 encouraged privatisation, smaller governments, and bigger military. 334 00:25:38,943 --> 00:25:42,971 It's about deregulation; 335 00:25:43,203 --> 00:25:48,679 getting rid of rules that govern the people who run our institutions 336 00:25:48,943 --> 00:25:50,286 Especially our corporations. 337 00:25:50,460 --> 00:25:54,742 It's as though we're suddenly supposed to believe that human beings that sit 338 00:25:54,911 --> 00:25:58,694 at the top of corporations don't need to be regulated, 339 00:25:58,895 --> 00:26:01,613 that they're some sort of Gods. 340 00:26:02,554 --> 00:26:07,819 Milton Friedman; his prot?g?es, the Chicago Boys and the neoclassical ideology 341 00:26:07,994 --> 00:26:11,800 beat the classical approach to economics and became the framework 342 00:26:11,958 --> 00:26:14,380 for what we today call capitalism. 343 00:26:15,961 --> 00:26:19,497 There are 2 main competing economic approaches, which determine how 344 00:26:19,687 --> 00:26:22,306 humans manage the world and distribute the wealth. 345 00:26:23,220 --> 00:26:27,148 These are the classical and neoclassical schools. 346 00:26:27,502 --> 00:26:30,113 The classical school favours less government interference, 347 00:26:30,361 --> 00:26:33,750 more personal autonomy and recognises that humans cannot 348 00:26:33,961 --> 00:26:36,557 function without natural resources 349 00:26:36,884 --> 00:26:40,368 The neoclassical school which has a more dismissive view of natural resources 350 00:26:40,564 --> 00:26:44,253 thinks government should rule the economy, solve social problems and 351 00:26:44,454 --> 00:26:47,769 leave the free market to look after the distribution of wealth. 352 00:26:48,008 --> 00:26:51,485 The neoclassical school emerged around 100 years ago 353 00:26:51,681 --> 00:26:55,147 due to vested interests desire to protect their assets. 354 00:26:55,406 --> 00:26:59,323 This meant that neoclassical mathematical models and assumptions 355 00:26:59,524 --> 00:27:01,464 were divorced from reality. 356 00:27:02,437 --> 00:27:07,287 They're based on what ought to be, instead of the classical model which are based on what actually is. 357 00:27:07,610 --> 00:27:11,602 It's these neoclassical models which favour large corporations, 358 00:27:11,798 --> 00:27:16,345 that have been used to legitimise the financialisation of the global economy, 359 00:27:16,604 --> 00:27:23,055 Championed by Reagan and Thatcher, neoclassical economics still dominates policy making today. 360 00:27:24,457 --> 00:27:31,034 The Reagan/Thatcher Revolution, was a big change of powerstructure 361 00:27:31,309 --> 00:27:35,335 and a big transfer of opportunity and wealth. 362 00:27:35,557 --> 00:27:39,197 It's not that the poor gave to the rich, 363 00:27:39,377 --> 00:27:41,585 it was a transfer within the wealth. 364 00:27:41,770 --> 00:27:46,557 So the financial sector in the US, UK and other places 365 00:27:46,721 --> 00:27:52,237 became vastly more profitable and wages in that sector went up a lot. 366 00:27:52,411 --> 00:27:55,386 We would focus on bonuses but also base salaries went up. 367 00:27:55,581 --> 00:28:01,196 So it's a transfer from the non-financial to the financial part of the economy. 368 00:28:01,418 --> 00:28:06,364 That is unprecedented as far as we can see in any of the available data to us. 369 00:28:06,539 --> 00:28:08,733 I'm talking of all the recorded human history. 370 00:28:09,620 --> 00:28:13,403 In 1932, in the aftermath of Americas stock market crash, 371 00:28:13,704 --> 00:28:17,451 a piece of legislation was passed to protect society. 372 00:28:18,312 --> 00:28:22,859 The Glass Steagall Act was introduced to separate ordinary high street banking from 373 00:28:23,049 --> 00:28:25,025 investment banking. 374 00:28:25,971 --> 00:28:31,662 67 years later in 1999 under the influence of treasury secretary Larry Summers and 375 00:28:31,825 --> 00:28:36,594 his predecessor Robert Rubin, president Bill Clinton repealed the Glass Steagall Act, 376 00:28:37,772 --> 00:28:41,012 once again banks could take ordinary depositors money and 377 00:28:41,218 --> 00:28:44,986 speculate with it on virtually anything they liked. 378 00:28:48,055 --> 00:28:51,468 Wall street has become a very particular type of Casino... 379 00:28:51,919 --> 00:28:57,452 Unfortunately not the kind we have in Las Vegas... 380 00:28:57,695 --> 00:29:07,271 It is a Casino that has massive negative repercussions on the rest of society. 381 00:29:07,449 --> 00:29:10,852 It's not just loosing your money on a few wild nights, 382 00:29:11,058 --> 00:29:16,364 it's about the way those organisations loose their money and thus 383 00:29:16,559 --> 00:29:19,734 impacting the whole of society, leading to massive losses of jobs. 384 00:29:23,074 --> 00:29:27,317 This unfettered gambling pushed the entire global financial system to near collapse 385 00:29:27,570 --> 00:29:32,297 with balances and debt obligations larger than the GDP of entire countries. 386 00:29:32,677 --> 00:29:37,290 The banks had become to big to fail, the west was unprepared, 387 00:29:37,755 --> 00:29:41,548 and bankers met their railing and disoriented governments. 388 00:29:43,071 --> 00:29:44,541 "You have to bail us out!" 389 00:29:44,831 --> 00:29:51,026 "If you don't give us the money the whole thing goes down". 390 00:29:51,253 --> 00:29:55,116 "What are you going to do with millions and tens of millions of people 391 00:29:55,311 --> 00:29:58,111 who have lost everything in their bank accounts?" 392 00:29:58,566 --> 00:30:01,039 "You will have a revolution on your head!" 393 00:30:01,277 --> 00:30:03,161 "So fork over the money!". 394 00:30:03,425 --> 00:30:10,047 "Borrow, create it out of nothing and give it to us, 395 00:30:11,257 --> 00:30:21,290 so we can face our problems and not go under, or otherwise". 396 00:30:21,676 --> 00:30:26,883 This is what Mr. Hank Paulson did in the US congress, 397 00:30:27,169 --> 00:30:28,369 he went there one day and told them: 398 00:30:28,622 --> 00:30:30,593 "We need 700bn dollars, and we need them now!... 399 00:30:30,783 --> 00:30:32,363 Or else...." 400 00:30:32,601 --> 00:30:36,722 Is this system we call capitalism really capitalism? 401 00:30:37,097 --> 00:30:40,531 in a capitalist system government is supposed to be small 402 00:30:40,753 --> 00:30:45,309 but today the state is more bloated and evasive than it has ever been. 403 00:30:48,056 --> 00:30:51,891 Individuals and companies are supposed to operate in a free market, 404 00:30:52,166 --> 00:30:54,547 good enterprises rewarded with profit, 405 00:30:54,774 --> 00:30:56,676 and flawed enterprise with failure. 406 00:30:56,898 --> 00:31:00,136 But during the 2008 banking crisis 407 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,823 the people saw the western economic system divided in a way 408 00:31:04,024 --> 00:31:05,529 they we're told it could never happen. 409 00:31:08,632 --> 00:31:09,546 Socialism for the rich 410 00:31:09,752 --> 00:31:10,825 Capitalism for the poor 411 00:31:11,042 --> 00:31:13,848 In America for example the banks that got in trouble 412 00:31:14,012 --> 00:31:15,143 got bailed out by the government 413 00:31:15,322 --> 00:31:16,347 That's socialism. 414 00:31:16,537 --> 00:31:20,542 And people argue against socialism in America and yet they're probably 415 00:31:20,738 --> 00:31:22,154 the most socialist country in the world right now. 416 00:31:22,339 --> 00:31:26,873 We have a system which isn't even a proper capitalist system 417 00:31:27,075 --> 00:31:29,627 in which people make mistakes, are they going to be punished? 418 00:31:29,801 --> 00:31:31,920 Are poor people making mistakes and are they getting punished? 419 00:31:32,089 --> 00:31:35,212 or even worse, that they even don't make any mistake, 420 00:31:35,418 --> 00:31:36,506 and they are being forced to... 421 00:31:36,712 --> 00:31:39,048 ...people do mistakes of the rich. 422 00:31:40,495 --> 00:31:44,405 When the taxpayer is footing the bill for the misplaced speculation of the bankers 423 00:31:44,622 --> 00:31:48,259 then suddenly instead of the economy serving the human being 424 00:31:48,438 --> 00:31:53,939 the human being is now in perpetual service to amoral financial organisations 425 00:32:12,550 --> 00:32:17,920 It was the head of the Federal Reserve Bank Alan Greenspan who after 9/11 slashed 426 00:32:18,153 --> 00:32:19,945 interest rates to encourage lending 427 00:32:20,146 --> 00:32:23,797 Bankers needed new participants to keep cash flowing into 428 00:32:24,031 --> 00:32:27,139 a system that had become a global pyramid scheme 429 00:32:28,217 --> 00:32:31,362 All this newly created money entered the housing market 430 00:32:31,627 --> 00:32:33,641 and created unprecedented inflation 431 00:32:33,980 --> 00:32:35,772 house prices rose and rose 432 00:32:35,957 --> 00:32:39,807 new mothers we're forced back into the workplace to service huge homeloans 433 00:32:40,004 --> 00:32:43,695 and the Anglo-American dream became all about land speculation 434 00:32:44,239 --> 00:32:46,820 The housing market in the west isn't about ownership 435 00:32:47,031 --> 00:32:51,144 it's the only way ordinary people can get ahead 436 00:32:51,361 --> 00:32:53,709 and ordinary people can't get ahead but by wages 437 00:32:53,989 --> 00:32:57,421 What we've created is a mass bubble economics around housing 438 00:32:57,632 --> 00:33:00,482 that sucks in a huge amount of capital 439 00:33:00,768 --> 00:33:04,061 takes capital for genuine innovations in the economy 440 00:33:04,310 --> 00:33:09,116 and puts it into a speculative use that has no genuine productive outcome 441 00:33:09,327 --> 00:33:12,356 If you talk to people in Germany, they don't see any connection 442 00:33:12,536 --> 00:33:16,544 between owning a piece of property and them being inclined towards democracy 443 00:33:16,776 --> 00:33:19,552 it's lots of people who rent their housing there, and they're perfectly 444 00:33:19,754 --> 00:33:21,213 comfortable with that arrangement 445 00:33:21,397 --> 00:33:24,475 But it is true that in a somewhat different context Reagan & Thatcher pushed 446 00:33:24,851 --> 00:33:27,109 for more people to own housing 447 00:33:27,315 --> 00:33:29,250 and this is part of the problem because 448 00:33:29,452 --> 00:33:32,132 if you push people to buy housing before they are ready, 449 00:33:32,339 --> 00:33:33,830 you push dubious loans on them 450 00:33:34,037 --> 00:33:35,861 and they don't understand what they give themselves into 451 00:33:36,025 --> 00:33:38,747 You could have huge adverse repercussions. 452 00:33:38,959 --> 00:33:44,430 Exactly what led to in part, the subprimes in the US 453 00:33:44,658 --> 00:33:47,571 It has nothing to do with democracy, it's just a bad economic idea 454 00:33:47,863 --> 00:33:53,508 The break through that occurred around 2000 in the US 455 00:33:53,694 --> 00:33:56,691 was when bankers found out that the poor are honest 456 00:33:56,897 --> 00:34:05,220 and they realised if your not rich, you have a different set of values 457 00:34:05,438 --> 00:34:09,160 and you'll think that a debt is a debt, and that it has to be paid 458 00:34:09,425 --> 00:34:12,666 and that people will try to pay the debts that they're stuck with 459 00:34:12,889 --> 00:34:15,405 even if the debts aren't valid, or bigger than expected 460 00:34:15,685 --> 00:34:21,219 even if they really can't pay the debts 461 00:34:21,447 --> 00:34:24,897 When you lend in banking institutions, when they drew up contracts 462 00:34:25,147 --> 00:34:31,379 with flexible interest rates, I think they knew in the beginning that these problems 463 00:34:31,559 --> 00:34:34,346 we're going to come back later on and that folks wouldn't be able to 464 00:34:34,537 --> 00:34:37,423 afford the mortgages as the interest rates increased 465 00:34:37,608 --> 00:34:40,960 They put a lot of people in situations where they 466 00:34:41,103 --> 00:34:42,667 we're taking food out of the refrigerators, 467 00:34:42,841 --> 00:34:44,924 taking kids out of higher education 468 00:34:45,125 --> 00:34:47,097 They we're not able to afford college anymore, 469 00:34:47,324 --> 00:34:51,469 and it's making a really bad situation worse 470 00:34:51,733 --> 00:34:55,433 The banks engaged in what was a criminal conspiracy 471 00:34:55,623 --> 00:34:57,975 To charge more to the blacks and the Hispanics 472 00:34:58,134 --> 00:35:00,243 The banks got together, 473 00:35:00,423 --> 00:35:04,430 backed the Bush administration to block the state prosecutions of 474 00:35:04,604 --> 00:35:09,790 racial lending in order to charge more and to exploit the minorities 475 00:35:09,986 --> 00:35:16,113 These we're loans made by one of the major lenders in the country 476 00:35:16,356 --> 00:35:17,318 Wells Fargo. 477 00:35:17,545 --> 00:35:21,320 They targeted minority communities in the city, 478 00:35:21,521 --> 00:35:25,481 put borrowers into loans that they could not afford, 479 00:35:25,661 --> 00:35:30,815 and of the subprime variety, 480 00:35:31,011 --> 00:35:34,631 therefore more expensive and less advantageous to the borrowers 481 00:35:34,837 --> 00:35:40,680 Hiding predatory lending practices in the small print of complex financial products 482 00:35:40,918 --> 00:35:44,519 was only ever going to enrich one set of interests 483 00:35:44,783 --> 00:35:47,970 In many of the communities in which African-Americans live in, 484 00:35:48,166 --> 00:35:49,704 the city was establishing momentum. 485 00:35:49,921 --> 00:35:51,666 There was development activity that was occurring. 486 00:35:51,867 --> 00:35:55,388 We would see signs of vitality in many of these communities. 487 00:35:55,584 --> 00:35:58,639 The results of the Wells Fargo foreclosures, 488 00:35:58,839 --> 00:36:02,798 and the subprime lending practices of that lender and others, 489 00:36:03,025 --> 00:36:07,979 has significantly impaired that progress and brought it to a halt. 490 00:36:08,223 --> 00:36:11,474 They don't worry about it, they don't come in to the heart of it 491 00:36:11,660 --> 00:36:18,822 they really don't see the struggle if they stay outside of it 492 00:36:19,044 --> 00:36:19,800 That's like looking at the cover of a book, 493 00:36:19,990 --> 00:36:24,394 but if you don't go inside the book you'll never know what the book is about 494 00:36:24,590 --> 00:36:27,265 So they're not worrying about the one to whom they sell 495 00:36:27,483 --> 00:36:28,455 and it's wrong. 496 00:36:28,683 --> 00:36:30,765 If they'd see they'd be willing to help. 497 00:36:32,451 --> 00:36:36,165 What happened in Baltimore is just an example of 498 00:36:36,323 --> 00:36:38,330 what's happening all around the world. 499 00:36:38,536 --> 00:36:42,582 One way to frame this injustice is by branding it a 500 00:36:42,756 --> 00:36:45,735 race issue, but when we look really closely, 501 00:36:45,931 --> 00:36:50,060 we can see that there's something at play here that transcends race... 502 00:36:51,211 --> 00:36:52,521 Profit! 503 00:36:52,069 --> 00:36:56,689 It's not an accident for instance, that we had the regulation on the fincial 504 00:36:56,842 --> 00:36:58,885 industry that was such a disaster. 505 00:36:59,085 --> 00:37:05,378 The lobbyists of the industry amount to 5 per congress person 506 00:37:05,573 --> 00:37:13,041 They pay 5 people for every congress man to explain to them, 507 00:37:13,236 --> 00:37:17,960 persuade them that they should pass legislation that is favourable 508 00:37:18,183 --> 00:37:20,199 to the financial industry 509 00:37:22,030 --> 00:37:25,989 The poor people that are devastated don't have the money. 510 00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:29,784 They couldn't hire 5 per congress man. 511 00:37:30,022 --> 00:37:35,454 So the way our democracy works is on an unlevelled playfield 512 00:37:35,654 --> 00:37:37,851 The financial sector has acquired enormous power, 513 00:37:38,020 --> 00:37:41,446 partly through political contributions and so buying favours, 514 00:37:41,610 --> 00:37:44,403 but mostly through ideological control 515 00:37:44,567 --> 00:37:46,642 convincing people that finance is good, 516 00:37:46,790 --> 00:37:48,116 more finance is better and 517 00:37:48,269 --> 00:37:51,970 unregulated finance without limit's is best 518 00:37:52,155 --> 00:37:58,298 that's the cornerstone what we call in the US, the Wall Street Washington corridor 519 00:37:58,493 --> 00:38:01,492 I mean if people need any proof as to who is controlling Washington, 520 00:38:01,704 --> 00:38:05,611 when the bail out came after the Lehman Brothers collapse 521 00:38:05,758 --> 00:38:08,984 80% of the population was against the bail out 522 00:38:09,154 --> 00:38:14,512 Not withstanding that, the congress passed the bailout just showing in my view 523 00:38:14,665 --> 00:38:17,817 that it's under the control of banking interests 524 00:38:18,017 --> 00:38:26,783 It's not a reflection of good democracy, when a company or industry sais that 525 00:38:27,057 --> 00:38:32,567 our interest are more important than the national interests 526 00:38:32,762 --> 00:38:34,299 How can that happen? 527 00:38:34,484 --> 00:38:38,824 Very easily, that's the role of campaign contributions lobbying in 528 00:38:38,987 --> 00:38:40,730 America's political structure. 529 00:38:40,941 --> 00:38:43,689 We have a flawed democracy 530 00:38:43,926 --> 00:38:49,555 There's an advanced oligarchy in the sense that it's main mechanism of control 531 00:38:49,751 --> 00:38:56,229 is through convincing people that You really need the six biggest banks in the US 532 00:38:56,388 --> 00:39:02,032 in the form they exist today, with a very light level of regulation 533 00:39:02,180 --> 00:39:07,545 and if you don't have them if you try to change that all kinds of things will happen. 534 00:39:07,763 --> 00:39:12,405 And this is not really blackmail, they convince you it's not blackmail, 535 00:39:12,558 --> 00:39:14,772 it's just the way the world is there's nothing you can do about it. 536 00:39:14,940 --> 00:39:17,633 You just have to cooperate with them. It's very clever 537 00:39:17,855 --> 00:39:22,046 The fed is essentially the lobbyist for the commercial banking system 538 00:39:22,222 --> 00:39:26,474 When you say you want to turn over the regulation to the fed you're saying that 539 00:39:26,654 --> 00:39:29,982 the financial sector and wall street should be self regulated. 540 00:39:30,177 --> 00:39:34,963 Wall Street has veto power over who ever is going to be the 541 00:39:35,116 --> 00:39:36,780 head of the federal reserve. 542 00:39:36,949 --> 00:39:40,520 As long as you give veto power over the regulators to wall street, 543 00:39:40,737 --> 00:39:44,598 as long as you pick the bank regulators from the banking industry it'self 544 00:39:44,783 --> 00:39:48,685 you can forget any thought of calling it regulation. 545 00:39:48,881 --> 00:39:49,895 It's deregulation... 546 00:39:50,064 --> 00:39:52,721 and to call it regulation instead of deregulation is using 547 00:39:52,890 --> 00:39:54,544 Orwellian double thinking 548 00:39:56,478 --> 00:40:02,471 Democracy is government by the people, Plutocracy is government by the rich 549 00:40:02,682 --> 00:40:08,159 In a typical plutocratic state economic inequality is high, 550 00:40:08,375 --> 00:40:13,874 social mobility is low, and because of continuous exploitation of the masses 551 00:40:14,084 --> 00:40:17,838 workers find it nearly impossible to climb out of poverty. 552 00:40:19,058 --> 00:40:22,750 The equal voting rights movement in the early 20th century 553 00:40:22,929 --> 00:40:26,880 abolished a system where the rich people had more votes than the poor 554 00:40:27,033 --> 00:40:32,691 But today lobbying has put pay to that and reduced the American political 555 00:40:32,854 --> 00:40:36,758 system to a mere clearing house for the concerns of the rich. 556 00:40:42,187 --> 00:40:48,423 The Goldman Sachs machine is one of using profit's to buy influence in Washington 557 00:40:48,608 --> 00:40:52,766 to change laws to make it easier to make money on wall street to be used to buy 558 00:40:52,919 --> 00:40:54,471 influence from Washington. 559 00:40:54,714 --> 00:41:01,383 So it's a self reinforcing malfeasance machine that is continuing to grow as 560 00:41:01,552 --> 00:41:05,884 a parasite in the economy and continuing to kill the host 561 00:41:06,759 --> 00:41:12,114 Famous for claiming it did Gods work, Goldman Sachs is one the most influential 562 00:41:12,278 --> 00:41:14,347 investment banks in the world. 563 00:41:18,536 --> 00:41:23,300 It's alumni often occupy positions of great influence in governments and 564 00:41:23,496 --> 00:41:24,640 central banks 565 00:41:25,756 --> 00:41:30,025 In September 2008, barely a month before the stock market crash 566 00:41:30,268 --> 00:41:35,875 Goldman, supposedly a pillar of the free market, changed it's banking status from 567 00:41:36,028 --> 00:41:37,665 investment to commercial 568 00:41:37,861 --> 00:41:41,193 This meant it was now eligible for state protection. 569 00:41:41,362 --> 00:41:44,997 Socialism for the rich right there. 570 00:41:45,683 --> 00:41:50,331 Goldman Sachs are extremely efficient at what they do. Their task is to make money. 571 00:41:50,510 --> 00:41:58,104 They make bank robbers like Willy Sutton look like modest amateurs. 572 00:41:58,331 --> 00:42:03,671 They are huge bank robbers, but it's legal, the system is set up so they can do it 573 00:42:03,856 --> 00:42:10,137 In the recent years they've been selling securities put together from mortgages 574 00:42:10,311 --> 00:42:17,671 they knew we're worthless to unwitting consumers making a ton of money of it, 575 00:42:17,857 --> 00:42:21,844 meanwhile they're betting that they're going to fail because they know what they 576 00:42:22,003 --> 00:42:28,708 are peddling is rotten, so they place bets with credit defaults with a huge 577 00:42:28,867 --> 00:42:34,559 insurance company AIG, and that was insuring Goldman Sachs against the failure of 578 00:42:34,737 --> 00:42:37,374 the stuff they we're peddling 579 00:42:37,818 --> 00:42:42,168 During America's subprime collapse Goldman traders Michael Svenson and 580 00:42:42,358 --> 00:42:46,830 Josh Birnbaum made a 4 billion dollar profit by short selling junk mortgages, 581 00:42:47,807 --> 00:42:53,099 Backed by Dan Sparks internally Goldman Sachs called their position the big short 582 00:42:53,300 --> 00:42:55,223 and bet against their own clients. 583 00:42:55,408 --> 00:43:00,015 Senator Carl Lewin called Goldman Sachs chief executive Lloyd Blankfein to a 584 00:43:00,179 --> 00:43:02,682 senate sub committee to testify under oath. 585 00:43:02,904 --> 00:43:06,906 Much has been said about the supposedly massive short Goldman Sachs had on the US 586 00:43:07,060 --> 00:43:07,947 housing market. 587 00:43:08,159 --> 00:43:12,371 The fact is we we're not consistently or significantly net short the market 588 00:43:12,551 --> 00:43:16,947 In residential mortgage related products in 2007 - 2008 589 00:43:17,117 --> 00:43:21,479 We didn't have a massive short against the housing market and we certainly didn't 590 00:43:21,627 --> 00:43:23,191 bet against our clients. 591 00:43:23,365 --> 00:43:28,026 Riding the big short in 2007 made billions of dollars for Goldman 592 00:43:27,996 --> 00:43:33,276 And so far they've got away scot-free with this massive heist. 593 00:43:33,671 --> 00:43:37,995 So they're now back bigger than before, richer than before, biggest profit's they've 594 00:43:38,190 --> 00:43:41,948 had in history, huge bonuses, they are doing great 595 00:43:42,117 --> 00:43:49,897 A lot, if not all of what they're doing has nothing to do 596 00:43:50,039 --> 00:43:52,041 with the benefit of the economy 597 00:43:52,268 --> 00:43:57,194 Can there be any objection to genuinely talented people learning big money? 598 00:43:57,358 --> 00:44:00,576 If they bring something new and tangible to the world? 599 00:44:00,761 --> 00:44:04,553 If they take great personal risks with their own money? 600 00:44:04,749 --> 00:44:08,413 And actually bring greater prosperity for all? 601 00:44:08,614 --> 00:44:12,073 In a free market If I have a brilliant idea, that I can run an Automobile on 602 00:44:12,289 --> 00:44:14,751 grass clippings as an example 603 00:44:14,989 --> 00:44:21,090 And i produce that car, my motivation might be to make money 604 00:44:21,287 --> 00:44:26,886 But if the market says this is the greatest automobile ever invented by mankind 605 00:44:27,124 --> 00:44:30,120 and I make a billion dollars, I've not only served myself, 606 00:44:30,310 --> 00:44:33,586 but I've served everyone else that need transportation. 607 00:44:33,776 --> 00:44:36,968 That is the brilliance of the free market, there is that paradox, you can serve 608 00:44:37,152 --> 00:44:41,664 your self and simultaneously serve others and that's what it's all about. 609 00:44:43,423 --> 00:44:46,536 But how many of the general public have achieved 610 00:44:46,678 --> 00:44:48,976 greater prosperity through a bankers bonus? 611 00:44:50,323 --> 00:44:53,604 It was against the holy backdrop of st Paul's Cathedral in London 612 00:44:53,868 --> 00:44:57,591 that Goldman Sachs vice chairman and mouth piece, Lord Griffith gave insight 613 00:44:57,761 --> 00:45:00,720 into how certain bankers really think. 614 00:45:03,322 --> 00:45:06,874 The devoted christian defended extortion and bonuses. 615 00:45:25,417 --> 00:45:30,448 The fundamental christian view, and Islam as well, and certainly of Judaism 616 00:45:30,653 --> 00:45:35,360 Wealth should be shared, money has to be shared 617 00:45:35,577 --> 00:45:42,057 from that develops trust in the economy 618 00:45:42,268 --> 00:45:46,444 And we've lost that, we see people accumulating more and more 619 00:45:46,644 --> 00:45:57,422 I think that's disgusting that people have lost their homes, lost their jobs, 620 00:45:57,634 --> 00:45:58,817 they can't pay their mortagegs 621 00:45:59,028 --> 00:46:03,334 from bankers that made big mistakes and got paid enormous bonuses, 622 00:46:03,492 --> 00:46:05,320 that is simply wrong 623 00:46:05,500 --> 00:46:13,931 And I can't understand why we are not more vociferous about that 624 00:46:14,184 --> 00:46:17,434 When rich people tell you that they specifically have to be rich 625 00:46:17,576 --> 00:46:24,276 through these egregious rip off mechanisms that's just self serving propaganda 626 00:46:24,451 --> 00:46:25,861 and you should be disregarding it. 627 00:46:26,045 --> 00:46:30,831 It is true that when you organise human society some people will get ahead and 628 00:46:31,011 --> 00:46:33,815 some people struggle that is a natural mechanism. 629 00:46:33,994 --> 00:46:38,099 But to say we have to got inequality therefore Goldman Sachs must be organised 630 00:46:38,264 --> 00:46:41,216 along the following lines, that's a complete non sequitur 631 00:46:41,395 --> 00:46:47,567 At what juncture, what point does morality enter into the economic calculous 632 00:46:47,762 --> 00:46:56,802 In a way many people think that Adam Smith gave us a free pass 633 00:46:57,008 --> 00:47:04,792 A way not to think about morality, because what Adam Smith said was that 634 00:47:04,956 --> 00:47:09,595 individuals in the pursuit of self interest are led as if by an invisible hand 635 00:47:09,838 --> 00:47:12,452 to the general well being of society... 636 00:47:12,654 --> 00:47:14,899 To make it clear, Adam Smith didn't really say that 637 00:47:15,126 --> 00:47:20,531 Adam Smith was very much aware of that businesses when they got together, 638 00:47:20,737 --> 00:47:24,054 conspired against the public interest, raised prices, 639 00:47:24,244 --> 00:47:25,459 he was aware of monopoly 640 00:47:25,650 --> 00:47:28,438 he was aware of the importance of education 641 00:47:28,576 --> 00:47:30,365 that the private sector couldn't provide. 642 00:47:30,534 --> 00:47:33,143 So he him self was aware of all the limitations. 643 00:47:33,344 --> 00:47:36,764 But his latter day descendants have forgotten all those caveats. 644 00:47:39,653 --> 00:47:44,816 Adam Smith was the godfather of classical economics, but since it's publication, 645 00:47:45,044 --> 00:47:47,838 his work has been used as a political football 646 00:47:48,007 --> 00:47:50,552 financiers twisting his words to suit them 647 00:47:50,732 --> 00:47:55,983 Lord Griffith advocates ruthless individualism to push this idea that 648 00:47:56,248 --> 00:48:00,155 if bankers get rich, then we get rich too through a process 649 00:48:00,319 --> 00:48:03,361 known as trickle down economics. 650 00:48:03,562 --> 00:48:06,356 Or Horse and Sparrow theory 651 00:48:06,536 --> 00:48:09,707 If you feed the horse enough oats 652 00:48:09,856 --> 00:48:13,597 Some will pass through to the road for the sparrows 653 00:48:14,664 --> 00:48:18,625 the idea is that extreme wealth concentrated on a small minority 654 00:48:18,769 --> 00:48:21,902 would eventually trickle down to everyone else 655 00:48:22,076 --> 00:48:24,532 but it doesn't work 656 00:48:25,325 --> 00:48:27,779 because by the time the money reaches the people at 657 00:48:27,964 --> 00:48:31,357 the bottom of our money pyramid, it's lost it's purchasing power 658 00:48:37,167 --> 00:48:41,106 But the public are now confused as to why our political leaders 659 00:48:41,243 --> 00:48:45,787 have allowed this to happen, and quite naturally now ask why? 660 00:48:46,738 --> 00:48:50,853 Because our political processes are badly flawed 661 00:48:51,022 --> 00:48:54,709 Because they are depending on lobbyists and campaign contributions 662 00:48:54,867 --> 00:49:06,167 That's why a lot of people view we have to restructure our political processes 663 00:49:06,394 --> 00:49:16,424 to give more voice to the ordinary citizen and less to the interest groups, moneygroups 664 00:49:16,609 --> 00:49:23,180 Those who have taken such a large role in shaping our tax code, 665 00:49:23,370 --> 00:49:25,831 our regulatory regulations and so forth 666 00:49:30,675 --> 00:49:34,651 I stood on the front step of Colin Powell's house 667 00:49:35,011 --> 00:49:37,589 And I looked at him and said: -"Whats next boss?" 668 00:49:37,795 --> 00:49:39,103 He said: -"What do you mean?" 669 00:49:39,283 --> 00:49:42,091 -"Whats next, after you're going to write a book?" 670 00:49:42,282 --> 00:49:43,992 -"I know you're going to write your book, 671 00:49:44,156 --> 00:49:45,793 but you're not going to do that for the rest of your life" 672 00:49:45,951 --> 00:49:47,255 -"What are you going to do next?" 673 00:49:47,408 --> 00:49:51,875 He said: -"Maybe a cabinet position, but first money" 674 00:49:52,910 --> 00:49:54,505 I said: "Money?" He said: "Yeah, millions" 675 00:49:56,623 --> 00:49:59,792 -"That's the only way you can be a cabinet officer in the American government" 676 00:50:03,663 --> 00:50:07,251 The democrats and the republicans are beholdant to corporate interests 677 00:50:07,426 --> 00:50:11,963 and until they become unbeholdant to those corporate interests 678 00:50:12,185 --> 00:50:13,870 we will never have a well governed republic. 679 00:50:53,964 --> 00:50:58,493 The inherent inequity in our system of money, banking and politics 680 00:50:58,677 --> 00:51:04,552 has not just had consequences domestically but also on a massive scale globally. 681 00:51:27,164 --> 00:51:30,721 Western leaders have presented their military campaign in Iraq, 682 00:51:30,922 --> 00:51:34,278 Afghanistan and Pakistan as a moral obligation 683 00:51:34,500 --> 00:51:36,905 but are there other reasons for it? 684 00:51:38,021 --> 00:51:43,142 The first financial beneficiary of Americas foreign policy is the military 685 00:51:43,474 --> 00:51:47,685 in particular those who supply it with arms and equipment 686 00:51:47,886 --> 00:51:50,079 The military has won wars. 687 00:51:50,291 --> 00:51:54,824 But how successful has it been in it's aim to eradicate terrorism? 688 00:51:57,102 --> 00:52:03,323 The drone attacks not only failed, but they've created extra extremism 689 00:52:03,534 --> 00:52:07,884 they've helped in radicalisation of youth in the north west frontier 690 00:52:08,053 --> 00:52:10,660 and also in certain parts of Punjab and Pakistan. 691 00:52:10,840 --> 00:52:15,623 And because time after time, there's a feeling that 692 00:52:15,793 --> 00:52:20,366 America is doing it deliberately to destabilise Pakistan. 693 00:52:20,556 --> 00:52:24,251 I'm not so sure about that, but I certainly feel that those people who 694 00:52:24,410 --> 00:52:26,207 actually support this policy 695 00:52:26,402 --> 00:52:33,883 every time you kill 10 so called terrorists, you create 500 more 696 00:52:34,078 --> 00:52:38,582 because they see the drone attacks as an attack on the sovereign state of Pakistan 697 00:52:39,602 --> 00:52:45,484 If they really wanted to flush them out, there was no need for a huge military operation 698 00:52:45,674 --> 00:52:50,441 in Swah, causing an entire district to become internally displaced persons. 699 00:52:50,637 --> 00:52:56,065 The population of Swah is 1,8 million there are 2.3ml refugees in the country 700 00:52:56,255 --> 00:52:59,040 The whole district has been emptied 701 00:52:59,300 --> 00:53:04,897 This wouldn't be necessary had they carried out a surgical commando operation 702 00:53:05,082 --> 00:53:12,850 To get the militant leaders. But they allowed them to escape, all of them. 703 00:53:16,305 --> 00:53:19,434 After the military, the next financial beneficiary 704 00:53:19,645 --> 00:53:23,134 are those who win the contracts to conduct the rebuilding process. 705 00:53:23,340 --> 00:53:27,215 In the west people might even feel optimistic when they hear that 706 00:53:27,373 --> 00:53:30,783 the us is pumping in tens of billions newly created dollars into 707 00:53:30,931 --> 00:53:33,210 developing nations to build infrastructure. 708 00:53:33,443 --> 00:53:36,974 But often this too doesn't seem to achieve publicised goals. 709 00:53:37,186 --> 00:53:41,086 Is there another reason we give these countries aid? 710 00:53:41,530 --> 00:53:45,975 The Economic hitmen have created the worlds first truly global empire, 711 00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:48,962 and we've done it primarily without the military. 712 00:53:49,142 --> 00:53:53,023 We work in many different ways but perhaps the most common is 713 00:53:53,187 --> 00:53:56,614 that we'll take a third world country that has resources our 714 00:53:56,772 --> 00:54:00,787 corporations want like oil, and they arrange for huge loans to 715 00:54:00,951 --> 00:54:03,609 that country from the world bank or one of it's sister organisations. 716 00:54:03,794 --> 00:54:06,083 However that money never goes to the country. 717 00:54:06,252 --> 00:54:09,778 Instead it goes to our own corporations to build infrastructure projects like 718 00:54:10,037 --> 00:54:15,400 power plants, highways, industrial parks, things that benefit a few wealthy 719 00:54:15,574 --> 00:54:18,469 families in that country as well as our corporations. 720 00:54:18,681 --> 00:54:21,393 But it doesn't help the majority of people at all. 721 00:54:21,589 --> 00:54:25,014 They are too poor to buy electricity, or drive cars on the highway. 722 00:54:25,279 --> 00:54:27,641 They don't have the skills to get jobs in industrial parks 723 00:54:27,836 --> 00:54:29,929 but they are left holding a huge debt. 724 00:54:31,798 --> 00:54:39,294 Infrastructure which has used heavy loans from the world bank and the IMF 725 00:54:39,479 --> 00:54:47,571 and made from grounds from western countries, they've all gone into benefit the elite 726 00:54:47,767 --> 00:54:52,388 and the feudal classes. They have not benefited the people. 727 00:54:57,841 --> 00:55:02,705 A lot of money goes to these consultants and companies from the west who 728 00:55:02,880 --> 00:55:07,452 charge huge amounts of money and actually the real money on projects and 729 00:55:07,611 --> 00:55:11,063 on ordinary people is very limited 730 00:55:11,284 --> 00:55:17,726 The masses have very little already so those landlords who have the infrastructure 731 00:55:17,921 --> 00:55:22,154 and are going to make money because of the infrastructure that is built through the 732 00:55:22,307 --> 00:55:26,619 roads they will prosper, but the ones who don't have any resources 733 00:55:26,795 --> 00:55:32,276 that do not have jobs, there isn't any economic activity for them in terms 734 00:55:32,429 --> 00:55:37,205 of manufacturing goods so they can sell and they could also prosper. 735 00:55:37,369 --> 00:55:39,721 When you don't have that what do they do? 736 00:55:39,922 --> 00:55:44,162 They resort in joining the Taliban because they see the enemy coming in 737 00:55:44,337 --> 00:55:46,817 and taking away what little bit they have. 738 00:55:47,012 --> 00:55:52,269 President Obama I understand wants to invest 7,5 billion dollars in 739 00:55:52,438 --> 00:56:00,148 Pakistani infrastructure to elevate poverty and to take away all the 740 00:56:00,339 --> 00:56:05,341 divisions and all the anti-American sentiment away over here. 741 00:56:05,586 --> 00:56:09,408 Whatever his reasons are, we can do without it. 742 00:56:10,613 --> 00:56:14,141 In fact it's the worst possible thing he can do. 743 00:56:14,305 --> 00:56:20,326 This kind of help is actually a hindrance it's just going to make matters worse. 744 00:56:20,500 --> 00:56:26,142 It will bring this contrived war on terror into the guerrilla areas. 745 00:56:26,332 --> 00:56:31,796 How much of US foreign policy is genuinely altruistic? 746 00:56:31,981 --> 00:56:35,077 And how much is it influenced by the banks and corporations that 747 00:56:35,236 --> 00:56:37,825 profit so tremendously from it? 748 00:56:38,014 --> 00:56:43,334 Americas evangelism of democracy is riddled with contradictions not least 749 00:56:43,499 --> 00:56:49,074 this idea of promoting democracy at the point of a gun or opposing regimes 750 00:56:49,243 --> 00:56:51,874 which are democratic but not in a way that America wants 751 00:56:52,102 --> 00:56:55,741 So too this idea that America have been promoting free market capitalism has also 752 00:56:55,947 --> 00:56:58,098 been riddled with contradictions 753 00:56:58,252 --> 00:57:01,312 Because the reality is that American firms tend to make the most money when 754 00:57:01,476 --> 00:57:05,928 countries are at the cusp of change, certainly American financial firms. 755 00:57:06,092 --> 00:57:10,018 And in a sense they want the markets to change structurally 756 00:57:10,145 --> 00:57:13,300 but not to free and too transparent 757 00:57:13,465 --> 00:57:16,809 Because they make money when the markets are a bit opaque 758 00:57:17,824 --> 00:57:22,120 Is it any wonder developed nations are fighting in underdeveloped countries 759 00:57:22,274 --> 00:57:25,782 when so many are making so much money out of it 760 00:57:25,936 --> 00:57:28,171 Without ever really having to face up to, 761 00:57:28,323 --> 00:57:31,668 or even witness the consequences of their actions 762 00:57:32,105 --> 00:57:36,244 So what if five million kids died in Africa because of debt last year? 763 00:57:36,392 --> 00:57:40,794 I got a bonus of a million pounds, if I have that conversation.. 764 00:57:40,963 --> 00:57:46,795 I've had it with some bankers who have been in the business a long time 765 00:57:46,970 --> 00:57:51,648 they listen politely, they're very polite, very charming, 766 00:57:51,806 --> 00:57:54,886 and at the end they say well Tarek, it's lovely meeting you again, 767 00:57:55,045 --> 00:57:57,233 and then they get back to the office and do another 768 00:57:57,365 --> 00:57:59,924 loan deal with Tanzania or something. 769 00:58:00,062 --> 00:58:03,274 I've known a lot of "terrorists" I've met them, 770 00:58:03,412 --> 00:58:04,500 I've interviewed them for books, 771 00:58:04,622 --> 00:58:06,106 I've known them since I was an economic hitman, 772 00:58:06,218 --> 00:58:09,446 I've never met one who wanted to be a terrorist. 773 00:58:09,584 --> 00:58:11,767 They all want to be with their families back on their farm 774 00:58:11,894 --> 00:58:16,761 They're driven to terrorism because they've lost their farm, 775 00:58:16,883 --> 00:58:20,101 it's been in under with water from a hydro electric project or 776 00:58:20,180 --> 00:58:23,255 with oil from oil deriks 777 00:58:23,350 --> 00:58:25,375 Their farms have been destroyed, they can't make a living for their kids, 778 00:58:25,444 --> 00:58:29,875 or in the case of the Somali pirates their fishing waters have been destroyed, 779 00:58:30,007 --> 00:58:32,651 that's why they turned to this. 780 00:58:32,799 --> 00:58:35,451 It isn't because they want to be pirates or terrorist, 781 00:58:35,520 --> 00:58:39,797 now there may be a few crazy people, people with their nuts loose, 782 00:58:39,918 --> 00:58:44,841 there will always be serial killers, maybe Usama Bin Laden is one of them, 783 00:58:45,005 --> 00:58:50,329 but they do not get a following unless there is a terrible injustice going on 784 00:58:50,514 --> 00:58:52,490 and people are starving and they're deprived 785 00:58:52,643 --> 00:58:54,864 and then they will follow these crazy people 786 00:58:55,012 --> 00:58:57,009 because they seem to offer an alternative 787 00:58:57,189 --> 00:58:59,487 If we want to do away with terrorism, 788 00:58:59,640 --> 00:59:02,965 If we want to have Homeland Security, 789 00:59:03,144 --> 00:59:07,593 We have got to recognise that the hole planet is our homeland 790 00:59:08,465 --> 00:59:12,842 What does the word terrorist actually mean? 791 00:59:13,529 --> 00:59:18,213 Many terrorists would sooner describe themselves as freedom fighters 792 00:59:20,363 --> 00:59:25,799 Could it be that the charge of terrorism could just as easily be made 793 00:59:25,968 --> 00:59:29,582 against western corporations, speculators and policymakers? 794 00:59:29,757 --> 00:59:32,085 When we talk about terrorism 795 00:59:32,242 --> 00:59:35,066 it means what they do to us, not what we do to them. 796 00:59:35,225 --> 00:59:37,497 And what they do to us can be pretty ugly, 797 00:59:37,672 --> 00:59:42,186 although it's a side of a fraction of what we do to them. 798 00:59:42,359 --> 00:59:46,934 Take say 9/11 that was a serious act of terrorism, 799 00:59:47,098 --> 00:59:50,172 maybe the worst single act of terrorism in history, 800 00:59:50,357 --> 00:59:52,391 but it could have been worse 801 00:59:52,549 --> 00:59:56,281 Suppose for example that Al Qaida had bombed Washington, 802 00:59:56,459 --> 00:59:59,958 bombed the white house and killed the president 803 01:00:00,158 --> 01:00:02,979 and installed a fresh military dictatorship, 804 01:00:03,164 --> 01:00:07,300 and brought in a bunch of economists who drove the economy into 805 01:00:07,433 --> 01:00:09,922 the worst disaster in history. 806 01:00:10,059 --> 01:00:12,823 Would that have been worse than 9/11? 807 01:00:12,966 --> 01:00:14,564 I don't make it up, it happened. 808 01:00:14,701 --> 01:00:18,059 What's called the first 9/11, in south America namely in Chile. 809 01:00:19,371 --> 01:00:22,039 On the 11th of September in 1973 810 01:00:22,214 --> 01:00:25,327 the democratically elected president of Chile 811 01:00:25,491 --> 01:00:28,394 Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup, 812 01:00:28,570 --> 01:00:32,311 a dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet was established 813 01:00:32,469 --> 01:00:37,385 that ruled Chile until 1990 there was the systematic suppression of 814 01:00:37,554 --> 01:00:41,972 political dissidents, thousands we're imprisoned and murdered. 815 01:00:42,241 --> 01:00:45,385 Who was involved in that first 9/11? 816 01:00:45,559 --> 01:00:46,934 It's not hard to find them... 817 01:00:47,123 --> 01:00:50,838 Right in Washington and London and so on. 818 01:00:51,087 --> 01:00:55,143 But that's off the agenda, it doesn't count. 819 01:00:55,286 --> 01:00:57,336 There is this principal of ideology, 820 01:00:57,500 --> 01:01:00,814 that we must never look at our own crimes. 821 01:01:00,962 --> 01:01:06,067 We should on the other hand exalt in the crimes of others 822 01:01:06,247 --> 01:01:08,788 and in their own nobility in opposing them. 823 01:01:12,487 --> 01:01:15,477 The root causes of so called terrorism 824 01:01:15,662 --> 01:01:19,283 will not be solved by increasing economic inequality 825 01:01:19,457 --> 01:01:23,595 If governments really are serious about combating terrorism, 826 01:01:23,775 --> 01:01:28,261 then they must start with real structural reform back home 827 01:01:29,709 --> 01:01:33,259 As long as banking empires chase infrastructure and debt deals 828 01:01:33,407 --> 01:01:36,260 in pursuit of profit, the west will continue to 829 01:01:36,403 --> 01:01:38,876 export injustice through finance 830 01:01:39,050 --> 01:01:43,559 Millions more will be displaced, terrorism will thrive, 831 01:01:43,754 --> 01:01:46,540 and neo colonialism will continue to 832 01:01:46,788 --> 01:01:50,457 end more and more lives around the world 833 01:02:39,360 --> 01:02:44,828 What's happened is that we've moved from a relatively empty world 834 01:02:45,092 --> 01:02:46,921 to a relatively full world. 835 01:02:46,956 --> 01:02:49,564 That is, empty of us and all of our stuff, 836 01:02:49,844 --> 01:02:51,683 is now full of us and our stuff 837 01:02:52,249 --> 01:02:55,802 In my lifetime the world population has tripled, 838 01:02:55,939 --> 01:03:01,177 and the populations of other things, of cars, houses, boats, 839 01:03:01,346 --> 01:03:05,066 all these other things that have put a load on the environment 840 01:03:05,221 --> 01:03:06,721 to just like human bodies 841 01:03:06,881 --> 01:03:09,867 those have vastly more than tripled, 842 01:03:10,010 --> 01:03:14,912 so the world is very very full of what we call, man made capital. 843 01:03:15,076 --> 01:03:18,326 And it's becoming more and more empty of 844 01:03:18,458 --> 01:03:21,306 what used to be there, what we might call natural capital 845 01:03:21,481 --> 01:03:23,092 We are the first generation, 846 01:03:23,230 --> 01:03:25,554 we in the rich developed world are the first generation that 847 01:03:25,718 --> 01:03:29,317 have gone to the end of the real benefit's of the economic growth 848 01:03:29,498 --> 01:03:36,439 For hundreds of years the best way of raising the quality of human life 849 01:03:36,597 --> 01:03:39,641 has been to raise material living standards, 850 01:03:39,794 --> 01:03:43,550 and that's what's driven the huge rises in life expectancy 851 01:03:43,709 --> 01:03:47,027 and increases in happiness and other measures of well being 852 01:03:47,175 --> 01:03:51,196 but all those have now become detached from economic growth, 853 01:03:51,354 --> 01:03:55,360 although life expectancy continues to rise in the rich world 854 01:03:55,518 --> 01:03:59,727 It's no longer related to the amount of 855 01:03:59,859 --> 01:04:01,972 economic growth a country has at all, 856 01:04:02,136 --> 01:04:04,011 and the same is true of measures of happiness 857 01:04:04,165 --> 01:04:05,949 and the measures of well being 858 01:04:06,097 --> 01:04:09,218 The paradox is the more we grow the more poverty we create 859 01:04:09,403 --> 01:04:11,590 Our self interested economic system 860 01:04:11,743 --> 01:04:13,639 seems to be continually missing the trick 861 01:04:13,797 --> 01:04:16,486 So as we keep plundering the earths natural capital 862 01:04:16,649 --> 01:04:19,800 is it time rethink our western definition of progress? 863 01:04:20,719 --> 01:04:22,088 When I look at the world 864 01:04:22,209 --> 01:04:24,270 I look at it much the way royal dutch Shell looks at it, 865 01:04:24,396 --> 01:04:28,348 they have one of the best strategic entities in the world, 866 01:04:28,491 --> 01:04:29,384 private or public. 867 01:04:29,479 --> 01:04:32,300 And all that shell is posited two scenarios, 868 01:04:32,448 --> 01:04:34,769 one is called blueprint and is obviously a 869 01:04:34,900 --> 01:04:40,989 plan corporate structure where the world leaders get together 870 01:04:41,095 --> 01:04:43,921 and they think about things like energy transformation, 871 01:04:44,053 --> 01:04:48,082 planetary warming and dwindling fossile fuels and so forth 872 01:04:48,183 --> 01:04:50,804 The other is called "Scramble". 873 01:04:50,872 --> 01:04:55,838 and Scramble is pretty much what it sounds like too, it's a mess. 874 01:04:55,970 --> 01:04:58,876 interestingly enough in 2075 875 01:04:59,024 --> 01:05:01,867 the ending year for these scenarios as I recall, 876 01:05:02,026 --> 01:05:04,082 we get to about the same place. 877 01:05:04,241 --> 01:05:08,167 It's just that blueprint leaves a lot less blood on the floor 878 01:05:08,331 --> 01:05:11,031 Scramble leaves a lot of blood on the floor 879 01:05:11,196 --> 01:05:13,657 as people fight for these resources and so forth. 880 01:05:15,210 --> 01:05:18,099 The reason oil companies are drilling miles under the sea, 881 01:05:18,236 --> 01:05:20,487 is that the world's easily accessible oil 882 01:05:20,619 --> 01:05:23,066 has already been found and largely consumed 883 01:05:23,230 --> 01:05:27,473 Not only are our oil supplies dwindling 884 01:05:27,615 --> 01:05:31,257 Major new metal discoveries are becoming increasingly rare 885 01:05:32,382 --> 01:05:36,128 40% of the worlds agricultural land is seriously degraded, 886 01:05:36,297 --> 01:05:40,460 and ever more volatile yields continue to be unevenly distributed 887 01:05:41,579 --> 01:05:44,648 It may be that the looming environmental threat 888 01:05:44,776 --> 01:05:46,365 is not global warming, 889 01:05:46,529 --> 01:05:48,728 but the exhaustion of the worlds resources. 890 01:05:50,863 --> 01:05:53,733 We are going to have struggles for 891 01:05:53,886 --> 01:05:57,220 finding land sufficient to grow the agricultural products 892 01:05:57,390 --> 01:05:59,055 for what the UN says 893 01:05:59,219 --> 01:06:02,008 is going to be a 9 billion earth population. 894 01:06:02,167 --> 01:06:04,052 We are going to struggle over 895 01:06:04,179 --> 01:06:06,610 non renewable fossil fuels as they run out 896 01:06:06,790 --> 01:06:10,049 I think Shell posits about 2075 they'll be gone, 897 01:06:10,182 --> 01:06:13,304 and we're going to struggle over things like water 898 01:06:13,420 --> 01:06:15,528 and other precious resources that are necessary to 899 01:06:15,682 --> 01:06:17,330 our life and to our economy 900 01:06:17,488 --> 01:06:19,966 This could be as Shell says, 901 01:06:20,082 --> 01:06:25,882 a blueprint affair with world leaders working to share and share alike 902 01:06:26,046 --> 01:06:27,773 or it could be a real mess, 903 01:06:27,937 --> 01:06:30,012 and shell incidentally bets on the mess 904 01:06:30,192 --> 01:06:35,494 Just like the baby boomers failure to look to the next generation, 905 01:06:35,674 --> 01:06:39,853 our outdated competitive mentality for a world of depleted resources 906 01:06:40,006 --> 01:06:42,959 could have devastating consequences. 907 01:06:43,677 --> 01:06:46,530 Our economic setup encourages one up'nship competition 908 01:06:46,678 --> 01:06:48,976 and comparison, whereas 909 01:06:49,103 --> 01:06:51,300 the progress the humans have made over millenia 910 01:06:51,459 --> 01:06:54,154 has been largely based on cooperation. 911 01:06:55,280 --> 01:06:58,271 In any species, almost any animal, 912 01:06:58,451 --> 01:07:03,264 there is always the potential for huge conflict, 913 01:07:03,454 --> 01:07:05,901 because within any species 914 01:07:06,096 --> 01:07:09,573 all members of that species have the same needs 915 01:07:09,721 --> 01:07:11,976 so they might fight each other for food and shelter 916 01:07:12,108 --> 01:07:15,432 and nest sites and territory and sexual partners 917 01:07:15,569 --> 01:07:17,523 and all that kind of things. 918 01:07:18,516 --> 01:07:21,565 But human beings have always had the other possibility 919 01:07:21,723 --> 01:07:25,448 We have the possibility to be the best source of support 920 01:07:25,612 --> 01:07:28,254 and love and assistance and cooperation. 921 01:07:28,444 --> 01:07:30,700 Much more so than any other animal 922 01:07:30,885 --> 01:07:33,831 And so other people can be the best or the worst 923 01:07:34,032 --> 01:07:38,354 You can be my worst rival or my best source of support 924 01:07:38,539 --> 01:07:42,179 In a progressive society 925 01:07:42,364 --> 01:07:45,371 to meet our economic social and cultural needs 926 01:07:45,556 --> 01:07:48,868 we must move from globalisation to localisation 927 01:07:49,011 --> 01:07:52,107 The benefit's of a communal sense of fellowship, 928 01:07:52,276 --> 01:07:55,637 responsibility and purpose in a life driven by production, 929 01:07:55,790 --> 01:07:59,196 not consumption would lead to happiness and satisfaction. 930 01:07:59,371 --> 01:08:00,881 Indeed we must ask; 931 01:08:01,034 --> 01:08:04,385 Have our modern consumerism lifestyle made us happy? 932 01:08:05,404 --> 01:08:08,167 I think if one have been living in the 19th century 933 01:08:08,341 --> 01:08:10,465 and somebody told you that a 100 years later 934 01:08:10,618 --> 01:08:15,582 people we're going to be living in this extraordinary wealth and comfort 935 01:08:15,751 --> 01:08:17,542 with central heating, 936 01:08:17,711 --> 01:08:21,685 being able to throw away such a high proportion of our food as we do, 937 01:08:21,839 --> 01:08:26,554 we'd imagine that we'd be living in a state of extraordinary social harmony 938 01:08:26,703 --> 01:08:29,983 and everything would be rosy. 939 01:08:30,147 --> 01:08:32,314 It's really quite remarkable 940 01:08:32,478 --> 01:08:36,242 the contrast between if you like the material success of our societies 941 01:08:36,342 --> 01:08:38,679 and the social failure. 942 01:08:39,843 --> 01:08:43,537 The growth economy demands that we make consumption the way of life 943 01:08:43,706 --> 01:08:47,347 He who dies with the most toys became the ambition, 944 01:08:47,490 --> 01:08:50,478 and retail replaced spiritual satisfaction 945 01:08:50,647 --> 01:08:56,063 Unsurprisingly sales of antidepressants skyrocketed. 946 01:08:57,823 --> 01:09:01,792 The fact is that the world economy over the last few years, 947 01:09:01,940 --> 01:09:04,325 a good share of my life time has been built either on 948 01:09:04,441 --> 01:09:08,502 the military or on producing items that most people don't need, 949 01:09:08,666 --> 01:09:11,310 and really don't even want. 950 01:09:11,474 --> 01:09:17,766 Consumerism is driven by an extraordinarily social nature 951 01:09:17,918 --> 01:09:21,487 that we want to have the stuff 952 01:09:21,619 --> 01:09:23,812 so that we look good in other peoples eyes. 953 01:09:23,950 --> 01:09:27,073 It's because I experience myself through other peoples eyes 954 01:09:27,216 --> 01:09:29,253 the feelings of shame and embarrasment 955 01:09:29,353 --> 01:09:33,745 or pride and maybe feeling envied all those things. 956 01:09:33,820 --> 01:09:39,987 The goods is just a way of mediating the relationship 957 01:09:40,140 --> 01:09:44,500 between yourself and others in this extraordinarily alienated hierarchy 958 01:09:44,669 --> 01:09:48,246 What has really suffered is human relationships, 959 01:09:48,399 --> 01:09:50,967 family life, the things that really matter to us, 960 01:09:51,130 --> 01:09:52,082 and in the end 961 01:09:52,187 --> 01:09:54,080 the only thing that makes the human being happy isn't money 962 01:09:54,180 --> 01:09:59,470 it's very clear that passing a level you only get marginal gains from wealth 963 01:09:59,496 --> 01:10:01,610 What really makes us happy is other people, 964 01:10:01,716 --> 01:10:03,671 it's our relationship with other people that 965 01:10:03,814 --> 01:10:06,171 has really been damaged by the last 30 years 966 01:10:06,297 --> 01:10:07,343 We trust them less, 967 01:10:07,428 --> 01:10:08,772 we have less interaction with them, 968 01:10:08,930 --> 01:10:10,960 we bond less than ever before, 969 01:10:11,103 --> 01:10:15,004 we marry less and marriage is under more threat than ever before 970 01:10:15,136 --> 01:10:17,969 and all the associations that represents 971 01:10:18,138 --> 01:10:21,089 sort of permanent unconditioned human affection 972 01:10:21,242 --> 01:10:23,399 are being eroded or damaged. 973 01:10:23,542 --> 01:10:25,972 And that's the real legacy of the last 30 years 974 01:10:26,031 --> 01:10:29,372 in some sense we've got to recover and re-humanise our lives 975 01:10:29,646 --> 01:10:35,899 otherwise not only will we be nasty, brutish and shout at, but we'll be lonely 976 01:10:37,135 --> 01:10:40,501 The west is coming to the realisation 977 01:10:40,680 --> 01:10:43,745 that it's human project is failing 978 01:10:43,887 --> 01:10:46,388 the west was so convinced that 979 01:10:46,483 --> 01:10:49,506 if you push people to achieve as individuals 980 01:10:49,681 --> 01:10:53,902 the accumulated achievement over individuals 981 01:10:54,050 --> 01:10:57,198 would make for a successful society 982 01:10:57,336 --> 01:11:00,416 And what the west is now beginning to realise 983 01:11:00,549 --> 01:11:03,324 is that the individual achievement 984 01:11:03,477 --> 01:11:08,491 without incorporating the vulnerable community 985 01:11:08,660 --> 01:11:10,716 is a myth. 986 01:11:10,938 --> 01:11:13,015 The idea was, make your own life, 987 01:11:13,174 --> 01:11:15,023 be individually aspiring, 988 01:11:15,170 --> 01:11:16,902 and then you'll be individually achieving, 989 01:11:17,061 --> 01:11:18,968 and then you'll be individually prosperous, 990 01:11:19,144 --> 01:11:21,273 and then you'll be individually happy. 991 01:11:23,276 --> 01:11:26,379 You end up doing that in a glass jar 992 01:11:26,532 --> 01:11:29,090 and the glass jar has a limited height 993 01:11:29,307 --> 01:11:32,109 and it is incapsulating 994 01:11:32,252 --> 01:11:35,817 and in the end you die of lack of oxygen 995 01:11:36,951 --> 01:11:41,140 Human beings are alive because they seek attachment 996 01:11:41,293 --> 01:11:44,969 and because they are propelled by affection 997 01:11:45,122 --> 01:11:51,641 so the isolated achieving individual in the end implodes. 998 01:11:51,830 --> 01:11:55,791 In order to find a purpose in life it has to be outside yourself 999 01:11:55,960 --> 01:12:01,124 It matters not how you're constructed outside yourself 1000 01:12:01,246 --> 01:12:03,297 as long as it is a positive value 1001 01:12:03,429 --> 01:12:05,183 added to the society pursuit 1002 01:12:05,347 --> 01:12:07,726 But it has to be outside, it can't be yourself, 1003 01:12:07,853 --> 01:12:12,923 if you're pursuing yourself you're pursuing the abyss as Nietzsche said 1004 01:12:13,070 --> 01:12:16,512 You're going to wind up in the abyss. 1005 01:13:15,391 --> 01:13:18,797 One of the most powerful and cultural frameworks 1006 01:13:18,961 --> 01:13:22,156 that shapes the way we think today is the 1007 01:13:22,329 --> 01:13:23,827 Hollywood film construction 1008 01:13:23,986 --> 01:13:27,870 and it follows a particular called compassion 1009 01:13:28,024 --> 01:13:31,185 in that there's a beginning, there's a middle and there's an end 1010 01:13:31,349 --> 01:13:34,182 There is drama, tension, there's resolution, 1011 01:13:34,346 --> 01:13:35,960 there's usually a goodie and a baddie 1012 01:13:36,118 --> 01:13:38,969 and it's usually a story told for the median of human beings 1013 01:13:41,386 --> 01:13:44,672 This Hollywoodisation of the way that people communicate 1014 01:13:44,820 --> 01:13:47,595 and about the way they tell stories about themselves 1015 01:13:47,738 --> 01:13:49,080 and view their recent history 1016 01:13:49,233 --> 01:13:52,512 has very much impacted how we look at the financial crisis 1017 01:13:52,676 --> 01:13:55,509 in there to people look at the beginning 1018 01:13:55,620 --> 01:13:56,842 and the middle and the end, 1019 01:13:56,963 --> 01:13:58,745 they look at the drama around the Lehman Brothers 1020 01:13:58,889 --> 01:14:00,902 and they want to see a resolution 1021 01:14:01,045 --> 01:14:02,324 and they want it that easy 1022 01:14:02,482 --> 01:14:04,073 they want sacrificial victims as well 1023 01:14:04,258 --> 01:14:06,409 so they focus on a few individuals 1024 01:14:06,573 --> 01:14:09,957 The idea that somehow it wasn't just one or two individuals 1025 01:14:10,105 --> 01:14:11,385 who we're the root of the problem, 1026 01:14:11,511 --> 01:14:13,087 it was a systemic problem 1027 01:14:13,235 --> 01:14:16,474 that actually almost everyone who participated 1028 01:14:16,618 --> 01:14:18,062 was in some way guilty 1029 01:14:18,199 --> 01:14:20,508 either of outright negligence or 1030 01:14:20,683 --> 01:14:22,565 simply failing to ask the right questions 1031 01:14:22,707 --> 01:14:24,008 or simply failing to ask 1032 01:14:24,093 --> 01:14:25,691 why money was so cheap for so many years 1033 01:14:25,786 --> 01:14:28,324 The idea that it was a systemic flaw 1034 01:14:28,451 --> 01:14:30,392 is something which is very hard for people to grasp 1035 01:14:30,530 --> 01:14:33,215 and even harder to depict of a good story 1036 01:14:33,364 --> 01:14:36,705 Perhaps there's this feeling of helplessness 1037 01:14:36,842 --> 01:14:40,559 because we don't understand what the real problem actually is. 1038 01:14:40,681 --> 01:14:42,790 Cleansing a few bad apples 1039 01:14:42,917 --> 01:14:46,682 will not rectify the flaws at the heart of the western economic system 1040 01:14:46,819 --> 01:14:49,563 a system that should be protecting people 1041 01:14:49,684 --> 01:14:51,577 is in fact the very thing 1042 01:14:51,710 --> 01:14:55,168 that is enabling our four horsemen to ride with such vengeance 1043 01:14:55,332 --> 01:14:57,942 The modern day Four Horsemen 1044 01:14:58,122 --> 01:15:02,620 our rapacious financial system, escalating organised violence, 1045 01:15:02,762 --> 01:15:04,955 abject poverty for billions, 1046 01:15:05,119 --> 01:15:07,788 and the exhaustion of the earths resources 1047 01:15:07,932 --> 01:15:10,908 are riding rough-shored over those who can least afford it 1048 01:15:11,066 --> 01:15:12,700 They gallop unchallenged 1049 01:15:12,832 --> 01:15:15,384 because the cognitive map that has been put in place by 1050 01:15:15,495 --> 01:15:17,550 our schools and universities and our media 1051 01:15:17,714 --> 01:15:21,097 does not encourage us to question accepted norms. 1052 01:15:22,549 --> 01:15:24,948 Instead there is apathy. 1053 01:15:25,329 --> 01:15:27,903 In a sense i think we're a rather depressed society, 1054 01:15:28,030 --> 01:15:31,574 we've got used to that there's nothing that can be done, 1055 01:15:31,728 --> 01:15:33,064 there is no alternative. 1056 01:15:33,233 --> 01:15:36,408 That we're never gonna deal with these environmental problems 1057 01:15:36,524 --> 01:15:39,420 and we live in a dog eat dog society and that's it. 1058 01:15:39,536 --> 01:15:43,639 I think what we have to take away from this is a recognition 1059 01:15:43,713 --> 01:15:49,511 that most of these problems can be very substantially improved 1060 01:15:49,680 --> 01:15:52,513 by making our societies more equal, 1061 01:15:52,666 --> 01:15:53,977 reducing the income differences, 1062 01:15:54,130 --> 01:15:58,353 and that also helps us to solve the environmental problems 1063 01:15:58,544 --> 01:16:02,134 we can reach a society that is qualitatively better for all of us 1064 01:16:03,555 --> 01:16:05,732 All the apathy is sort of engineered 1065 01:16:05,891 --> 01:16:08,836 because we don't have any discussion of this in the public media 1066 01:16:08,995 --> 01:16:11,801 hardly by surprise the public media are owned by 1067 01:16:11,938 --> 01:16:14,100 the real estate and the financial interests 1068 01:16:14,248 --> 01:16:16,595 and they're not going to explain to people 1069 01:16:16,748 --> 01:16:23,148 the integration between the financial, insurance and real estate sectors the fire-sector 1070 01:16:23,312 --> 01:16:25,758 There's this disinformation going on 1071 01:16:25,949 --> 01:16:27,930 passing the buck 1072 01:16:28,131 --> 01:16:31,662 denying what the real driving factors are 1073 01:16:31,815 --> 01:16:34,215 All of these are common strategies 1074 01:16:34,385 --> 01:16:37,107 in fact even in education you can see that banks have helped to 1075 01:16:37,256 --> 01:16:39,264 set up universities, they funded them. 1076 01:16:39,418 --> 01:16:43,070 They fund think tanks, they have educational foundations, 1077 01:16:43,234 --> 01:16:44,397 they own newspapers. 1078 01:16:44,561 --> 01:16:49,508 All of this stuff is going on as a kind of propaganda excersise 1079 01:16:49,677 --> 01:16:52,716 so that the people won't actually work out what the problem is. 1080 01:16:52,869 --> 01:16:54,132 You should not assume because... 1081 01:16:54,249 --> 01:16:57,213 ...you don't have a background in economics and law, 1082 01:16:57,366 --> 01:16:59,401 that this issue is to complex to you 1083 01:16:59,544 --> 01:17:00,844 They're not complex at all, 1084 01:17:00,976 --> 01:17:01,711 it's very simple, 1085 01:17:01,971 --> 01:17:05,745 it's about power and about democracy 1086 01:17:05,925 --> 01:17:09,016 and you understand that just as well as I do. 1087 01:17:10,084 --> 01:17:12,035 One source of this disinformation 1088 01:17:12,199 --> 01:17:14,334 is the neoclassical school of economics 1089 01:17:14,503 --> 01:17:17,689 These economists and academics have been successful in 1090 01:17:17,848 --> 01:17:20,046 convincing the world that their models we're gospel 1091 01:17:20,194 --> 01:17:23,471 but just as Gutenberg's printing press was revolutionary 1092 01:17:23,599 --> 01:17:24,913 in the 16th century, 1093 01:17:25,071 --> 01:17:27,945 today we're at the dawn of Internet enlightenment which 1094 01:17:28,078 --> 01:17:32,263 will remove the cloud of ignorance upheld by academic and media gatekeepers. 1095 01:17:32,427 --> 01:17:35,577 Education can be a form of mass mind control, 1096 01:17:35,746 --> 01:17:38,959 and it's astonishing that today neo classical economics 1097 01:17:39,102 --> 01:17:42,828 continues to be taught in all ivy league universities 1098 01:17:45,000 --> 01:17:50,686 I do get letters from students in economics departments 1099 01:17:50,829 --> 01:17:52,347 from other universities 1100 01:17:52,490 --> 01:17:56,112 they're in to some graduate program or something 1101 01:17:56,255 --> 01:18:00,373 and they say; "You know I just read such and such as you wrote" 1102 01:18:00,484 --> 01:18:02,244 This is the kind of thing that interests me, 1103 01:18:02,371 --> 01:18:04,946 "I am stuck in this program here in which" 1104 01:18:05,069 --> 01:18:09,926 "I can't even talk about that, what is your advise?" 1105 01:18:10,069 --> 01:18:10,988 "What can I do?" 1106 01:18:11,126 --> 01:18:15,043 What they're teaching you is what you're going have to oppose 1107 01:18:15,218 --> 01:18:22,383 A lot of it, well some of it is useful, so go ahead and learn it. 1108 01:18:22,499 --> 01:18:24,825 and the other reason for learning the rest of it, is... 1109 01:18:24,952 --> 01:18:26,713 Know your enemy. 1110 01:18:26,898 --> 01:18:29,641 An individual might not be able to change the system 1111 01:18:29,784 --> 01:18:33,249 but they can change themselves 1112 01:18:33,413 --> 01:18:35,395 If we're not offered proper education, 1113 01:18:35,532 --> 01:18:37,181 we must begin our own 1114 01:18:37,339 --> 01:18:39,078 and a good place to start 1115 01:18:39,236 --> 01:18:41,989 is to become re-acquainted with the classical economists 1116 01:18:42,147 --> 01:18:44,863 and with something that so few question, 1117 01:18:45,011 --> 01:18:46,422 but that affects us all, 1118 01:18:46,597 --> 01:18:47,891 our system of money 1119 01:18:49,133 --> 01:18:53,261 If the monetary system of the world is not reformed 1120 01:18:53,430 --> 01:19:00,505 then we're heading to the end of industrial civilisation 1121 01:19:00,658 --> 01:19:03,523 I won't say that we're going to the end of humanity, 1122 01:19:03,676 --> 01:19:10,989 but it's just going to be an absolute collapse of our world as we have known it 1123 01:19:11,137 --> 01:19:13,860 Because it can't function on FIAT money. 1124 01:19:13,992 --> 01:19:19,300 None of those who are responsible for this 1125 01:19:19,427 --> 01:19:21,815 want to admit it, but that is the fact 1126 01:19:21,985 --> 01:19:25,801 The FIAT system of money is a man made law, 1127 01:19:25,938 --> 01:19:27,492 and it has been abused. 1128 01:19:28,623 --> 01:19:32,140 Is there a form of money whose law is not set by man? 1129 01:19:35,300 --> 01:19:37,425 When you look at natural law and gold, 1130 01:19:37,525 --> 01:19:40,796 I sort of describe gold as being a natural form of money 1131 01:19:40,944 --> 01:19:43,222 All of the gold that has been mined throughout history, 1132 01:19:43,311 --> 01:19:46,829 still exists in an above ground stock at the size of about 1133 01:19:46,982 --> 01:19:48,527 two and a half olympic size swimming pools 1134 01:19:48,727 --> 01:19:50,841 if you put all that gold together in one place 1135 01:19:50,994 --> 01:19:54,260 The key is this that this above ground stock of gold 1136 01:19:54,387 --> 01:19:57,944 grows about 1,75 percent per annum 1137 01:19:58,102 --> 01:20:00,940 which is approximately equal to new world population growth 1138 01:20:01,083 --> 01:20:03,698 and approximately equal to new wealth creation 1139 01:20:03,862 --> 01:20:06,532 So the net result of this is that 1140 01:20:06,636 --> 01:20:09,693 you have this very good consistency in 1141 01:20:09,846 --> 01:20:12,203 golds purchasing power over long periods of time 1142 01:20:12,378 --> 01:20:15,322 because the supply demand equation is very much in balance 1143 01:20:16,384 --> 01:20:19,793 To achieve human liberty you really need to have sound money 1144 01:20:19,911 --> 01:20:21,606 and gold is the only way to do that 1145 01:20:21,739 --> 01:20:24,392 because only gold is outside of the control of the politicians 1146 01:20:25,726 --> 01:20:28,522 With modern man made monetary processes 1147 01:20:28,670 --> 01:20:32,285 a chronic excess of debt is built up at every level of society 1148 01:20:32,422 --> 01:20:35,859 debt is now regarded as normal... 1149 01:20:36,033 --> 01:20:36,905 ..it isn't. 1150 01:20:37,042 --> 01:20:38,543 It's a form of slavery! 1151 01:20:38,755 --> 01:20:40,589 But how much do we question our debt? 1152 01:20:40,721 --> 01:20:42,951 and what should we now do about it? 1153 01:20:44,051 --> 01:20:47,418 The classic example, most recently of a debt cancellation 1154 01:20:47,572 --> 01:20:51,255 was the German economic miracle in 1947 1155 01:20:51,398 --> 01:20:56,891 The Allies canceled all domestic and international German debts 1156 01:20:57,033 --> 01:21:00,508 except for the debts that employers owed their employees 1157 01:21:00,630 --> 01:21:02,078 for the previous few weeks. 1158 01:21:02,221 --> 01:21:04,907 And except for a basic working balance that everybody 1159 01:21:05,039 --> 01:21:07,106 was able to keep in the bank 1160 01:21:07,249 --> 01:21:10,784 in order to buy food for the next few weeks or so. 1161 01:21:10,938 --> 01:21:15,209 Essentially you would follow the five or six pages 1162 01:21:15,340 --> 01:21:19,359 that the currency reform of 1947 did in Germany. 1163 01:21:19,507 --> 01:21:21,441 You would start with a clean slate, 1164 01:21:21,600 --> 01:21:24,915 that means that everybody would own their own property free and clear. 1165 01:21:25,073 --> 01:21:26,506 And the problem here is 1166 01:21:26,643 --> 01:21:30,027 that you would wipe off the savings that are the counterparts of that 1167 01:21:30,159 --> 01:21:32,653 That actually would not be such a bad thing 1168 01:21:32,786 --> 01:21:37,024 if you look at the fact that the wealthiest 1% of the Americans 1169 01:21:37,188 --> 01:21:41,137 have concentrated an enormous amount of wealth in their own hands, 1170 01:21:41,285 --> 01:21:44,725 more than any earlier time since statistics have been kept. 1171 01:21:44,867 --> 01:21:48,704 Our system of taxation also needs addressing 1172 01:21:48,857 --> 01:21:51,479 currently we're taxed on what we produce 1173 01:21:51,632 --> 01:21:55,195 perhaps it would be more progressive to tax on what we consume 1174 01:21:55,364 --> 01:21:58,155 How many American people realise that 1175 01:21:58,261 --> 01:21:59,878 the founding fathers never intended 1176 01:21:59,989 --> 01:22:01,945 for Americans to be taxed on their labour 1177 01:22:02,093 --> 01:22:05,032 in other words they weren't meant to pay income tax 1178 01:22:05,169 --> 01:22:07,591 The tax system that was exported from Britain, 1179 01:22:07,759 --> 01:22:10,646 a relic of colonialism, has duped the world. 1180 01:22:12,168 --> 01:22:15,914 The most important element of the tax system 1181 01:22:16,073 --> 01:22:21,396 is to do what everybody expect it to be done in the 19th century 1182 01:22:21,528 --> 01:22:25,160 and that is to base the tax system on land taxation, 1183 01:22:25,324 --> 01:22:27,650 on the free lunch of land value 1184 01:22:27,792 --> 01:22:30,207 and on what John Stewart Mill called 1185 01:22:30,313 --> 01:22:31,787 the unearned increment 1186 01:22:31,919 --> 01:22:35,847 The income that landlords made in their sleep as he put it. 1187 01:22:36,919 --> 01:22:42,658 Who made oil in the ground? Coal or iron ore? 1188 01:22:42,801 --> 01:22:46,850 These are things which are not the product of human effort 1189 01:22:46,993 --> 01:22:51,244 Of course extracting them is, but their existence is not 1190 01:22:51,402 --> 01:22:58,923 and so the rents from natural resources are a wonderful source of taxation 1191 01:22:59,109 --> 01:23:01,174 nobody made them so, 1192 01:23:01,355 --> 01:23:06,795 and when you do tax them, you cause all of us to use them more efficiently 1193 01:23:06,959 --> 01:23:10,136 so this seems like to be an excellent thing to tax 1194 01:23:10,311 --> 01:23:13,756 Rather than labour and capital 1195 01:23:14,850 --> 01:23:19,617 If the governments used this land site value that is supplied by nature, 1196 01:23:19,774 --> 01:23:21,376 not by human labour. 1197 01:23:21,529 --> 01:23:23,401 not by a personal enterprise 1198 01:23:23,575 --> 01:23:29,136 then the government would not have to tax wages in the form of income tax 1199 01:23:29,289 --> 01:23:33,686 it wouldn't have to imply sales tax that add to the price of doing bussiness 1200 01:23:33,839 --> 01:23:37,596 and it wouldn't have to add the proliferation of business taxes 1201 01:23:40,286 --> 01:23:44,397 This tax system advocated by all of the classical economists 1202 01:23:44,524 --> 01:23:46,982 would begin to address global poverty 1203 01:23:47,124 --> 01:23:49,757 as it would allow citizens in developing countries 1204 01:23:49,900 --> 01:23:52,231 to keep their resource wealth 1205 01:23:52,400 --> 01:23:54,731 In developed countries it would begin to address 1206 01:23:54,832 --> 01:23:56,275 our housing and debt crisis 1207 01:23:56,402 --> 01:24:00,998 and unleash the kind of entrepreneurship needed to re-float our economies 1208 01:24:01,173 --> 01:24:06,495 perhaps we should also resurrect another timeless principle for workers 1209 01:24:06,659 --> 01:24:09,241 that was promoted during the industrial revolution 1210 01:24:09,384 --> 01:24:13,794 The idea that people who work in a plant ought to own it 1211 01:24:13,921 --> 01:24:18,860 is just deeply built in to working class culture 1212 01:24:19,003 --> 01:24:21,994 so right around here at the early industrial revolution 1213 01:24:22,190 --> 01:24:26,483 in the late 19th century the working people simply took for granted 1214 01:24:26,647 --> 01:24:31,531 that yes of course the workers should own the mills in which they work 1215 01:24:31,696 --> 01:24:36,391 anything else is an attack on their fundamental rights as free citizens 1216 01:24:37,475 --> 01:24:42,804 They also took for granted that wage labour is hardly different from slavery 1217 01:24:42,947 --> 01:24:45,834 it's different only because it's temporary 1218 01:24:45,972 --> 01:24:47,236 then you can be free 1219 01:24:47,369 --> 01:24:50,383 one of the ways to be free is by owning your own plant 1220 01:24:50,537 --> 01:24:53,271 That was not an exotic view, that was Abraham Lincolns view 1221 01:24:53,430 --> 01:24:54,234 In fact, 1222 01:24:54,340 --> 01:24:59,462 it was a principle of the republican party in the late 19th century 1223 01:24:59,600 --> 01:25:03,015 It has taken a lot of effort to drive these ideas out of peoples heads 1224 01:25:03,162 --> 01:25:06,171 but they're still there and they are very relevant 1225 01:25:06,298 --> 01:25:10,532 It was the Greek philosopher Plato who said the ratio of earnings 1226 01:25:10,664 --> 01:25:13,762 between the highest and the lowest payed employee in any organisation 1227 01:25:13,894 --> 01:25:16,579 should be no more than 6 to 1 1228 01:25:16,727 --> 01:25:22,507 In 1923 banker J.P. Morgan declared no more than 20 to 1 was optimum 1229 01:25:22,660 --> 01:25:24,787 Yet todays salary differences between 1230 01:25:24,898 --> 01:25:27,077 the top and bottom earners in global corporations 1231 01:25:27,225 --> 01:25:31,094 can be higher than 500 or a 1000 to 1 1232 01:25:31,269 --> 01:25:35,575 When you're up in the range of 500 to 1 inequality 1233 01:25:35,727 --> 01:25:38,918 the rich and the poor almost become different species 1234 01:25:39,097 --> 01:25:42,478 no longer members of the same community 1235 01:25:42,637 --> 01:25:45,513 Commonality of interest is lost 1236 01:25:45,682 --> 01:25:49,528 and so it's difficult to form community 1237 01:25:49,702 --> 01:25:54,118 and to have good friendly relationships across 1238 01:25:54,265 --> 01:25:57,009 class differences that are that large 1239 01:25:58,622 --> 01:26:02,952 When the public do vent their outrage at inappropriate earnings 1240 01:26:03,116 --> 01:26:06,504 the common defence is to move the debate to the psychological realm 1241 01:26:06,673 --> 01:26:10,161 and quote Mercurial British economist Herbert Spencer 1242 01:26:10,315 --> 01:26:13,084 He coined the phrase "survival of the fittest". 1243 01:26:13,258 --> 01:26:15,876 And his words are now used to justify excess 1244 01:26:18,055 --> 01:26:20,441 competition in business is a good thing 1245 01:26:20,594 --> 01:26:22,692 but the playing field must be level. 1246 01:26:22,861 --> 01:26:25,541 Monopolists have to much because 1247 01:26:25,673 --> 01:26:26,926 the system they game is rigged 1248 01:26:27,069 --> 01:26:29,269 Under the current economic setup 1249 01:26:29,432 --> 01:26:32,350 the fitness of the vast majority of the worlds population 1250 01:26:32,545 --> 01:26:34,284 is irrelevant. 1251 01:26:34,993 --> 01:26:37,729 Those that are made to pay for this crisis 1252 01:26:37,892 --> 01:26:39,731 are not those that have caused it 1253 01:26:39,911 --> 01:26:43,240 But those who caused it for survival 1254 01:26:43,440 --> 01:26:47,107 will no doubt try to marginalise this film as socialist 1255 01:26:47,281 --> 01:26:49,136 or even marxist 1256 01:26:50,589 --> 01:26:53,406 I'm a capitalist, I am a businessperson 1257 01:26:53,580 --> 01:26:56,311 I believe in the basic principles 1258 01:26:56,496 --> 01:26:59,931 that's why I am completely appalled by seeing 1259 01:27:00,085 --> 01:27:03,532 these principles destroyed by monarchs, monopolists 1260 01:27:03,685 --> 01:27:08,137 who are totally destroying the system from within on Wall Street 1261 01:27:08,317 --> 01:27:11,590 And this is completely unacceptable 1262 01:27:11,759 --> 01:27:13,799 I'm a capitalist, I think capitalism can do it 1263 01:27:13,978 --> 01:27:16,446 It's not a question of getting rid of the capitalism 1264 01:27:16,609 --> 01:27:20,035 It's a question of getting rid of this terrible form of capitalism 1265 01:27:20,184 --> 01:27:25,159 Capitalism, more broadly understood as market economy 1266 01:27:25,323 --> 01:27:27,591 not only has a future 1267 01:27:27,749 --> 01:27:30,287 I can't see any other future in the world without it 1268 01:27:30,451 --> 01:27:34,044 But the question is: what kind of capitalism? 1269 01:27:34,176 --> 01:27:35,646 What kind of market economy? 1270 01:27:36,782 --> 01:27:41,016 A system of reformed capitalism, built on independent money 1271 01:27:41,185 --> 01:27:44,585 a tax system based on consumption, not income 1272 01:27:44,755 --> 01:27:46,630 and employee owned businesses 1273 01:27:46,789 --> 01:27:49,769 would begin to build an economy that's not dependent on 1274 01:27:49,917 --> 01:27:52,481 constant growth to service it's debt 1275 01:27:52,671 --> 01:27:55,943 We've endured the so called free market for centuries 1276 01:27:56,133 --> 01:28:00,316 but far from being free, it has led us to destroy nature and 1277 01:28:00,459 --> 01:28:03,218 each other in a vain attempt to progress. 1278 01:28:04,387 --> 01:28:07,067 It's absolutely ludicrous to suggest 1279 01:28:07,247 --> 01:28:11,586 that some of these scientifically defined boundaries of the market 1280 01:28:11,739 --> 01:28:13,722 that we should never change 1281 01:28:13,881 --> 01:28:16,847 and then scientists of the free market economy wants you to believe 1282 01:28:17,027 --> 01:28:20,125 Once that they convince you of that 1283 01:28:20,268 --> 01:28:24,724 and claim that they have the truth 1284 01:28:24,920 --> 01:28:28,053 because they are Ph.D's in economics, 1285 01:28:28,191 --> 01:28:31,256 then they can tell you whatever they want 1286 01:28:31,430 --> 01:28:33,264 And then you'll have to accept it 1287 01:28:33,443 --> 01:28:36,764 But that's the way that we have to take these guys on 1288 01:28:36,917 --> 01:28:40,854 Politics is about drawing the boundary of the market 1289 01:28:41,024 --> 01:28:43,397 When you think about it 1290 01:28:43,571 --> 01:28:45,558 all other things have been taken 1291 01:28:45,711 --> 01:28:48,983 out of the market over the last 2 or 3 centuries 1292 01:28:49,157 --> 01:28:52,809 2 or 3 centuries ago you could buy yourself a human being 1293 01:28:52,968 --> 01:28:54,728 child labour 1294 01:28:54,987 --> 01:28:59,209 a lot of things that you couldn't imagine to buy and sell today 1295 01:28:59,388 --> 01:29:02,326 So over time we have redrawn this boundary 1296 01:29:02,480 --> 01:29:05,419 and there's nothing wrong in redrawing the boundaries again 1297 01:29:05,577 --> 01:29:08,636 Things that were considered absolutely reasonable in the 1850's like 1298 01:29:08,801 --> 01:29:12,333 selling any chemical on the streetcorner 1299 01:29:12,481 --> 01:29:15,008 telling you it's a pharmaceutical drug and it would be good for you 1300 01:29:15,146 --> 01:29:16,784 things like that we're absolutely common place then 1301 01:29:16,926 --> 01:29:18,840 are now serious criminal offences 1302 01:29:18,977 --> 01:29:20,076 The same thing would be true of 1303 01:29:20,166 --> 01:29:22,153 active money management in a hundred years 1304 01:29:22,390 --> 01:29:25,223 The breakdown we saw in the great depression 1305 01:29:25,381 --> 01:29:28,020 and witnessed again at the beginning of the 21st century 1306 01:29:28,173 --> 01:29:30,113 occurred because, in the name of growth, 1307 01:29:30,261 --> 01:29:34,258 much was taken out of the system by those who contribute very little 1308 01:29:34,400 --> 01:29:36,166 Multinational corporates and banks 1309 01:29:36,330 --> 01:29:39,052 will always want to grow without having to compensate 1310 01:29:39,206 --> 01:29:42,335 those people who actually do the work to produce the surplus 1311 01:29:42,515 --> 01:29:45,872 In the past, every time to much was taken 1312 01:29:46,025 --> 01:29:47,769 by those who contributed little 1313 01:29:47,954 --> 01:29:49,475 People rose up to halt 1314 01:29:49,650 --> 01:29:53,107 the violent practices enacted by a tangible enemy 1315 01:29:53,292 --> 01:29:54,439 Today the question is 1316 01:29:54,602 --> 01:29:57,911 with such a formless enemy pervading every element of 1317 01:29:58,069 --> 01:30:01,988 our economic and democratic process, can it be done again? 1318 01:30:02,168 --> 01:30:03,944 Of course it can be done again, it's a cycle 1319 01:30:04,081 --> 01:30:06,491 I mean we're not debt peons 1320 01:30:06,596 --> 01:30:08,409 we're maybe rats running around in a little wheel 1321 01:30:08,546 --> 01:30:10,654 in somebody's big cage somewhere 1322 01:30:10,797 --> 01:30:15,197 Finance rises, finance becomes organised, 1323 01:30:15,341 --> 01:30:17,047 you make a lot of money in banking, 1324 01:30:17,179 --> 01:30:18,897 it's easy to go out and buy politicians 1325 01:30:19,066 --> 01:30:20,413 but the essence of democracy, 1326 01:30:20,573 --> 01:30:21,846 the essence of American democracy, 1327 01:30:21,984 --> 01:30:24,635 is this repeated confrontation 1328 01:30:24,778 --> 01:30:25,739 repeated showdown 1329 01:30:25,887 --> 01:30:28,498 and in the 1830's Andrew Jackson beat the second bank in the USA 1330 01:30:28,683 --> 01:30:33,233 in the early 1900's Teddy Roosevelt beat JP Morgan and J Rockefeller 1331 01:30:33,391 --> 01:30:38,484 In the 1930's Franklin D Roosevelt beat everyone from Wall Street 1332 01:30:38,658 --> 01:30:40,528 and now we have to do it again! 1333 01:30:40,718 --> 01:30:44,538 The one single thing that makes me optimistic 1334 01:30:44,691 --> 01:30:48,532 rather than cynical, pessimistic, are my students 1335 01:30:48,696 --> 01:30:53,224 First I do not see a desire to go to Wall Street amongst them 1336 01:30:53,388 --> 01:30:54,647 I see the opposite 1337 01:30:54,826 --> 01:31:00,813 Second I see a disdain amongst them for people who are motivated 1338 01:31:00,971 --> 01:31:03,343 not just that they do not want money 1339 01:31:03,486 --> 01:31:06,883 I see a disdain amongst them for people who do just want money 1340 01:31:07,041 --> 01:31:12,655 The crises we face today are created by humans, 1341 01:31:12,840 --> 01:31:18,727 and what is created by humans can be changed by humans 1342 01:31:18,902 --> 01:31:24,457 So we are all capable of transforming our world 1343 01:31:24,653 --> 01:31:28,615 Revolutions are philosophical, 1344 01:31:28,863 --> 01:31:31,226 getting organised in preventing the culprit's 1345 01:31:31,374 --> 01:31:33,234 camouflaging the real problem 1346 01:31:33,392 --> 01:31:36,298 means it's possible to embark on a bloodless revolution 1347 01:31:36,461 --> 01:31:39,720 against the violent organisations and barbaric leaders 1348 01:31:39,879 --> 01:31:41,586 who've thrashed the economy 1349 01:31:41,781 --> 01:31:43,261 Central banking, 1350 01:31:43,440 --> 01:31:44,634 rigged capitalism, 1351 01:31:44,818 --> 01:31:45,991 land speculation, 1352 01:31:46,218 --> 01:31:48,761 income tax and neo-classical economics 1353 01:31:48,925 --> 01:31:50,837 have corporatised democracy, 1354 01:31:51,012 --> 01:31:52,328 stomped its progress, 1355 01:31:52,502 --> 01:31:54,685 perverted the course of human destiny 1356 01:31:54,844 --> 01:31:57,105 and compromised the future of this planet 1357 01:31:57,332 --> 01:31:59,235 If these issues aren't addressed 1358 01:31:59,388 --> 01:32:02,331 then the next implosion will be on a scale unimagined 1359 01:32:04,639 --> 01:32:06,659 Whatever the propaganda 1360 01:32:06,785 --> 01:32:08,766 at the beginning of the 21'st century 1361 01:32:08,909 --> 01:32:11,889 central banks unregulated cheap money, 1362 01:32:12,037 --> 01:32:14,684 pumped up land values which created 1363 01:32:14,821 --> 01:32:17,145 an unsustainable assets bubble 1364 01:32:17,299 --> 01:32:19,560 in a world which once again operates 1365 01:32:19,676 --> 01:32:24,588 a rigged tax system that enriches entrenched priviligies 1366 01:32:26,615 --> 01:32:30,105 Neo classical economics have ruined life for the bottom billions 1367 01:32:30,258 --> 01:32:33,776 Tempted everyone into intergenerational conflicts 1368 01:32:33,929 --> 01:32:37,800 and created massive suffering that has no limit's 1369 01:32:40,609 --> 01:32:43,609 Human beings go mad in crowds 1370 01:32:43,757 --> 01:32:47,127 and come to their senses slowly and individually 1371 01:32:48,653 --> 01:32:50,613 History is littered with examples 1372 01:32:50,760 --> 01:32:53,544 of people who threw themselves off the yoke of oppression 1373 01:32:53,697 --> 01:32:57,133 to adopt radical change, only to end up with popular 1374 01:32:57,286 --> 01:33:00,166 new rulers that maintained the status quo 1375 01:33:00,313 --> 01:33:05,094 To really understand something is to be liberated from it 1376 01:33:05,263 --> 01:33:08,953 Dedicating one self to a great cause 1377 01:33:09,101 --> 01:33:11,501 taking responsibility 1378 01:33:11,712 --> 01:33:15,189 and gaining self knowledge is the essence of being human 1379 01:33:15,379 --> 01:33:18,733 A predatory capitalists truest enemy 1380 01:33:18,908 --> 01:33:21,469 and humanities greatest allie 1381 01:33:21,638 --> 01:33:23,745 is the self educated individual 1382 01:33:23,909 --> 01:33:25,535 who has read, 1383 01:33:25,694 --> 01:33:26,888 understood, 1384 01:33:27,067 --> 01:33:28,986 delays their gratification, 1385 01:33:29,144 --> 01:33:31,195 and walks around 1386 01:33:31,321 --> 01:33:36,746 with their eyes wide open. 1387 01:33:42,074 --> 01:33:45,688 Transcribed by KL & JD Spelling errors corrected by tr@ppist 1388 01:33:46,671 --> 01:33:57,640 Giving back to the community 1389 01:33:58,600 --> 01:34:01,701 Best watched using Open Subtitles MKV Player 119477

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