Original subtitles

Holland struggled with the barbarians.

So closer the folk tone

so densely traditionally.

The Battle of the grassy green grassland

against the waterknows many episodes.

Noord-Holland was originally the spout of a elongated haft

where a laborious dike was

adept by human hands.

The monks of the great Benedictine Abbey of Egmond aan Zee

were the specialist in

The schiermonniken of East Frisia,

they were also very adept

in the unique science.

Indeed,Schiermonnikoog is now

on a land reclamation monument.

What is this sentence of

people's order unintentionally

establish itself as one of the more

recent monuments,

the origin of which has still,

not been sunk in the mists of time

Belongs to an artificial

polder island in a port thick,

the Oostereiland

located in the port of Hoorn.

That busy Zuiderzee town

that came to fruition in the 15th century

and in the 16th came

in an exemplarless bloom.

The Oostereiland

still unknown and inconsiderate

a wonderful product

for a Dutch engineer

later embodied in Leeghwater

Cruquius, but also certainly Roze

and Pieter Calands

designer the new waterway.

Hoorn a city with a

glorious past a superficial look

on the facade wall shows it directly

here reigns history,

jush decorative staircase crest and bell

facades the wall anchors

and facade stones are provided with solemn

Dutch or Latin sentences.

The old main gate entrance

to the streets of the city centre.

show high warehouses

Gothic towers of the buildings

with support bears

and surprisingly richly modified town hall.

The Oostereiland is a sixteenth

century artificial island

It was poldered

in the middle of the past so.

Turbulent Zuiderzee.

With its so characteristic

short Stuikende wave.

On which the last caravels

whimsical danced.

The port of Hoorn had to be deepened in the

early 16th century and bekaad also become.

The Merchant Navy

steadily increased annually.

And the Kogge was no longer in power to meet

all the freight requirements.

The Fluit could have an

internship up to 500 sizes.

But then the depths of

the port basins had to

be allowed in 6-metre keel

at low water

and the quay had to be flattened.

Moreover, Quay had to be reinforced so as

carry the transports of the shippers.

Furthermore, on the quay

piers, inland barges

could be placed in a row

along the sea-going.

vessels in order to expedite

the freighting and stowage

speed to guarantee.

there was a lot of mud and dredging released by the earthmoving.

The Horinezen decided that the busy by

an artificial island to lay

in the wet grasped between

gene pole dams with a reed Mat

braced via oak lattices on which the clay

slip and mud in layers collapsed

were always stopped with Willow Mats

to wear the next layer.

A goocheme private shipowner leased

first includes this mud mass

within those dams to

have the company

close to the dams with warehouses

a streetway to the mainland

to transport the perishable where fast

precarious but lucrative

in the Continued hard

Western sea breeze.

He put two houses down and a warehouse

a daring he overestimates his

financial tension and went bankrupt.

There the island lay broke and

fallow what to do with this

artificial land extraction.

The Horineze

established a storehouse of their war fleet

where the guns sailed the gunpowder stocks

the sulphurized and otherwise preserved

foods and the fill gage could be stored.

The Admiralty for the North quarters

they experience her triumphs during

English war in the 16th century.

But they showed the consequences

of the inertia that entered

when the Republic of the

seven United Provinces

successfully recorded success.

Those republic

that populated wondrous

organization of seven fractious

regions with greedy grocers

that republic, there could no longer

rely on that its opponents

England France and Spain perpetuated

larger stupiditys continued

extract than her States general

and yet she did so but the opponents

had learned the Republic not.

About the flowering and the decline

of the Horineze artificial island

this documentary is put on and

the Professor Master

Doctor Gerard Strijards

professor of international law

specialising in the classical national law

that during that period was

also created in Lower Republic.

In the second half of the 16th century

the Dutch prosperity is growing enormously.

The economy stabilises, evolves.

For example, a large trading city like

Rotterdam is developing.

This also applies to the shipping

in the East Sea

and therefore to the sea of the Zuiderzee.

Hoorn wants to benefit from that evolution

of economic development.

This can be done if the port of Hoorn

is made suitable for the

porting and re-routing,

chartering and stowage of

new type of merchant ship the Fluit

The Fluit is a very new type of

merchant vessel,

with a very separate rigging sail liner.

The ship is no longer Latin testifies

with eh oblique sails,

but with transverse sails

and a ra and blind sail to the bow,

which promotes stability tremendously

but has a whole round buikdenning

which makes a larger load

carrying a larger freight,

much larger As the cog.

And the last karveel that

was in use for that time.

But the depth is also much larger

has a heavier keel the sail no longer

on the high seas, swords

from which the stability on both

sides must promote and

it has an oversized weatherboarding

that is on one side very favorable,

because thereby it is suitable ,

especially for the sailing on Spitsbergen.

That round buikdenning

the round Keeling

the ice mass not crack

push up right.

As a result, the ship sails

the ice mass

on a very low water film,

unlike Willem Barentsz,

the ship will not be ruined

as soon as Kruiend ice around

the ship's walls.

And the Fluit can also carry many

more guns that

can fire bricks, from the

ship's wall that could

karveel at the load

and certainly not at the cog.

Why the Fluit as he is in development,

and getting bigger

and ever larger tonnages

get to above 1000 tonnes,

to do that Fluit harbors

and transports you need steep quay

walls and a large deep port,

to get them close ,

the shipowners

and the breeding of Hoorn agree

to dredge the port

together and in association.

To knead the sludge and the dredge together

to balls and to crush them into an

artificial island,

An artificial quay for this

this is then necessary,

that pine-wood poles

are struck in a row in the soil,

there are hung between wicker mats

and that behind it,

the free-coming silt, mud

and mud are geplented to

certain proportional And

And this is done at the expense

of the community in the first instance.

Behind me on the oostereiland,

where we now see the Admiralty buildings

from the 17th century adorn,

initially it is still a municipal project,

the corporation shoots,

the shipping companies make a guarantee

for the execution of the work.

Between 1650 – 1655

this gigantic work

work is carried out the first

artificial polder in the high seas.

There is a steep bekading,

where the Fluit can easily anchor

and where easy to load in flat bottoms,

which can place the mass goods inland

and deliver them to the retailers

to simply Express.

Furthermore, the flutes specialising

in sailing on Spitsbergen

can also easily anchor

here and they can also find the whales

that have been brought with them,

which means that they are

stripped of their skins,

flesh and their intestines

and this is behind the Eastern Island

tear-kokerijen are arranged.

Hoorn already had tear-kokerijens

that stood behind more

towards the center

but the problem was,

tear boiling that smokes and

it stinks enormously,

especially with the then

primitive fire techniques.

There the population suffered much

from and on the island here behind

that artificial island,

there was always a strong wind blowing.

So the people did not

suffer so much from that.

The perspective of the artificial island

was very favorable and

there was a clever shipowner

a patron,

who did very well.

Mr. Schuit,

who decided to acquire

the entire island

in 1655 but privately.

He decided to put down

two large warehouses,

three tear-kokerijens

two private houses

for him and his chief accountant

and he decided to create a street

that would connect to a bridge

that he also

had at his own expense.

So that he had a connection

to the mainland

and to the Admiralty and the coming

V. O. C buildings,

Allied East Indies Company

those offices on the mainland.

That cost a lot of money,

the expense went literally

for the benefit,

he had to make a lot of debts

this Schuit

unfortunately in 1677

his private initiative

was punished with

a final bankruptcy.

At that time one did not know so

well what to do with

that artificial polder island.

But in the meantime,

the V. O. C had developed tremendously

the commercial shipping

on the island of Maluku

Dutch East Indies,

a lot of spices were landed

that was very lucrative trade,

but the V. O. C needed

armed warships that sailed the convoy,

which secured the commercial navigation.

With names against

the Duinkerker hijackers

in the Strait of Calais

the channel.

In order to be able

to anchor the frigates now,

the oostereiland was

exceptionally suitable.

It was not very suitable

suitable to build those frigates

that did not happen here either

which happened to be excluded

in Amsterdam.

But the refinishing

and reworking

of the frigates equip it with guns

to put the rigging and the finish

of the outer walls

walls that happened here though.

Also on the oostereiland

a separate boat slope was built.

This ship's slope is found

in the walls and the slope seams,

recently in the archaeological

exploration of the soil of the oostereiland,

but how that slope looked

like and whether that slope

was also used by treadmill

with Horse Traction

caulking the ships and to hoist

that is not fixed.

The suspicion is it is because

it was also happening

in Amsterdam.

But in Amsterdam the situation

for the frigates was,

in any case, quite different

because Amsterdam was very difficult

for frigates to access

the sand island of Pampus.

That also constantly

displaced itself with ebb

and flow with single

sea miles per year.

I stand here for an artificial island,

laid out in the middle

of the 17th century in the port of Hoorn.

The port of Hoorn,

center of commercial

activities,

the middle of the golden Age.

Those century

which will make Hoorn

also as port city

and as military center, large.

A military centre

in the maritime field

because behind me,

on that artificial island,

you will see a

a light ochre building

with a timpano on it.

And that is the warehouse

of the Admiralty

of the North quarter.

The Admiralty

of the North quarter,

composed of the cities

Hoorn and Enkhuizen.

Together they formed a admiralty,

Agile Maritime naval force

that served from

1560 to 1668

to the Republic

of the 7 United Provinces.

It was a warehouse

for weapons,

ammunition,

cannons.

You have to talk about

cannons if you want to notice

that you know something

of maritime warfare

and not of guns.

And the Admiralty

managed here the Victualie, ( Provisions )

the supply for that fleet

of North Holland.

There were 5 admiralties

at that time.

There was one and that

was from the Maze,

which was formed by Vlaardingen,

Schiedam, Delfshaven,

Rotterdam and Dordrecht,

very important,

emerging buying cities.

Then you had the big port city

of Amsterdam,

the North Quarter

with Medemblik and Hoorn.

Then you had the Admiralty

of Middelburg,

which were the Zeeuwen

and then the Admiralty

of Harlingen for Friesland.

5 different Admiralties,

with 5 different organizational models,

5 different signal systems

and 5 different

cast iron gun types.

You understand,

that was very difficult

to integrate,

because all those admiralties

also mistrusted each other a bit.

They also had reason for that.

For example, Amsterdam

was already a very powerful

merchant city,

had a lot of banking capital

and was therefore,

because it had a lot of money,

the most powerful

and busy its own commercial trade

interests almost always

by the detriment of the cities

Medemblik and Hoorn.

And that they knew very well here,

so a certain basic distrust

was always there.

The crazy thing is

that all those admiralties

had their own expertise,

their own specialties.

That of the Maze,

the Admiralties had for example

very good sailors

and Marines,

naval soldiers.

The Zeeuwen had very good

naval commander.

It's not for nothing

that Michiel de Ruyter

comes from Vlissingen.

The great admiral

of the Fleet who will score

in the English naval Wars,

victory after victory.

And here in Hoorn

they had a specialisation

in certain ship types.

It was very important

in commercial trading that you

could use 2 types of ship types.

Ships that had a large draught

and were able to carry

and transport large loads.

Then you think of loads

of more than 500 tons.

The reconnaissance ships,

the yachts and the flutes,

which were very manoeuvrable,

but could therefore

carry little load.

The V.O.C. used both ships

in combination

and here in Hoorn

they could manufacture

both ships.

This was a special science

and this port was also

deepened in order to

be able to receive and harbor

both ship types.

Therefore, the oostereiland

had to have a steep bekading

for the mirror Galioten

and the mirror ships,

which returned

the return mirror ships,

a difficult word

which could be directly on the quay ports

and which could be dislocated

and to shipbrokers

to be made available.

The loads in lighter flat bottoms

that could then sail further inland.

That could be much more

difficult in Amsterdam.

Amsterdam was very difficult

to reach via the Zuiderzee,

because there was

a displaced sand bank for Pampus.

We know the expression

in the Netherlands

he is for Pampus or he is for Pampus.

(Pampus = fatigue, Counting)

Large seagoing ships

usually had to anchor

for the island of Pampus.

And then a very complicated

operation had to take place

via dry docks, sea camels,

to pull a ship that was laden,

over Pampus.

That didn't have to be here.

This is why the oostereiland

where the large

and heavy load

of caravels could

be transported and loaded.

As you will notice, we have now changed

somewhat from location.

We are still looking at

the same artificial oostereiland,

in the middle of the port of Hoorn,

but now we are at the Port estuary,

on one of the port heads.

And behind me you can see

2 large gloomy massive buildings

in the typical 19th century

brick architecture

of the Empire Buildings Service of that time.

These are the

so-called work facilities of the Empire,

of Hoorn.

In the 19th century,

there is a change of

criminal law and a different understanding

about the purposes

and the scope of the punishment

that imposes the penalty

imposed by the Government

on the occasion of offences,

criminal offences,

crimes and violations.

In the preceding centuries,

the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries,

it was the punishment,

especially for retribution,

suffering addition,

torment of who could be

proved a criminal offence.

In the 19th century,

there is something else to be said

about this and

that the punishment can have

a social positive effect.

The concept of

resocialisation is at the heart

of the revision of the Penal Code

of 1886.

Resocialization,

receptive to society,

to be intrigued as a social being,

to function again

after you have lost your crime.

And one of the institutions

intended for that purpose

was the so-called

' Rijkskrententuin ' of Hoorn.

A Working equipment,

where, after a penalty period

of up to 3 years,

one could rightly re-education

to re-admission into society.

Resocialisation

and provision was made

for a programme

of coercion in which public targets

should be carried out

for society in general,

for nothing,

and should also exploit training

and learning opportunities.

And what were that for activities.

That will not happen to you,

because the first people

who came here in the

state-of-the-work establishment

were beggars,

tramps,

and Vagabonds

and people who were

systematically in public, drunk.

The 19th century

showed a rather hard society

with closed class system.

And those who

could not provide for their

own maintenance were bad to it.

They often formed gangs,

the vagabond gangs,

beggars gangs

that exerted a downright terror

on city and countryside.

Because law enforcement

was rather primitive

and certainly not conclusive,

with which I do not want to say

that it is now.

When the government

got to grab you,

and when it came to a conviction,

and you had committed one of these facts,

systematic drunkenness,

land vagrancy,

poaching or massive begging systematically,

then you could be sent to Hoorn,

a maximum Duration of 3 years.

You had to do work as pouches,

sewing jute bags,

sulphurs of gort.

You will say what is that:

Sulphurs of Gort.

Well, the navy

ate a lot of gort on the high seas

and in order to protect that from decay,

it was waffleed here

and that was incredibly nasty work,

but you didn't have to read and write it.

Meanwhile,

there was a secondary goal

that was learned to read

and write here.

And one of the activities

that was particularly developed here

and making this institution famous

or notorious was

the currants of grapes.

Massively supplied grapes,

also from other institutions,

including Veenhuizen,

which were brought here

and the people who were convicted

and forced to stay here,

who had to select those grape bunches

of lesser quality

here on Currants.

Hence the Rijkskrententuin.

At night you had to have

a hood on it,

and stayed your cellular

on the 3 floors

you see here behind me.

For it was believed

that cellular residence,

with a total social isolation,

so that you could not speak with others

and could not communicate

by word or gesture,

which would work

beneficial on the soul.

A typical Calvinist, Protestantism thought.

You see here now perspectival

again that Admiralty building.

That Admiralty building

has been full swing in operation

as a warehouse for

the Admiralty of the North quarter

from 1665 to 1795.

In 1795,

the Republic of the

seven United Provinces

is actually abolished.

And it is about in a unitary state,

the Batavian Republic.

And then there comes

one central Admiralty,

the Ministry of Marine in Den Haag.

That gets stuck

on the Lange Voorhout number 7.

The regional admiralties

are then lifted and this building

is then used provisionally

as an State-prison establishment.

King Louis Napoleon

will also use that in

1809 as a penal prison,

for long punishments

and therefore also

to explain why here is the Rijkskrententuin

on which I spoke Zoeven,

located here.

One had already a penetrantere penal

establishment here and

a particularly modern establishment,

because this penal establishment

was great modern and

famous throughout Western Europe,

which could then fit nicely

with the kitchen facilities

and the classrooms,

Common with the

central penal prison

for long punished.

Behind me we see the Spinaas,

or the yacht the half Maen.

You see, it's a small ship,

because you can see it in the surroundings,

on the shed behind it.

And with that ship,

Henry Hudson was crossed over the

Ocean from Texel in 1609 to

find a northwestern passage

to East Indies and Japan.

At the time,

the intellectuals in Western Europe

were convinced that the world

was around

and that you could sail to the west,

without the flat pancake,

which would be the Earth,

the primitive people thought

in the Middle Ages,

you wouldn't sail away and

not in the Hell would come.

The intellectuals knew that very well,

among them was the

the reformed pastor from West Vlaardingen,

Plancius.

A famous cartographer

and he was convinced

that by the northern Arctic,

above Canada,

you could find a passage,

free from pack ice.

He had convinced Hudson

of this and also

Seigneur Dirk van Os,

a Antwerp who was a great merchant,

who had fled to Amsterdam,

after the fall

of Antwerp for the Spaniards.

Dirk van Os was willing

to finance such a civil exploration

for that Northwestern passage.

He was also a member

of the Compagnie van Verre in Amsterdam

Dirk van Os,

and he was ready to charter

Henry Hudson

an indefinite period of time.

First to find that

Northwestern passage

above Canada,

but if it does not succeed

then any other passage.

The Spinas,

or the civilian reconnaissance vessel,

did carry canons,

cast iron canons,

but it was definitely

not a warship.

It does not enter the state flag.

It was a civil merchant vessel.

And for which it was called the half Maen.

Well, in the time we are talking about

the states of Holland,

and the States General,

signed a defensive alliance

treaty with the Ottoman state,

the Kingdom of the Turks.

And the Turks then already carried

the sovereign sign,

on their arms and their flags,

the halve maen as they now do.

Today, Turkey,

the turkey of Kemala Attaturk,

where Erdogan is now swaying.

carries the halve maen as a sovereign sign.

And one of the slogans

that the Geuzen in Hoorn

raised at the time was

rather Turkish than Catholic or Paaps.

One was rather Turkish,

Moslem than that one

was Roman Catholic.

and to honour the alliance partner

the Turks,

this ship was baptized half Maen.

Hence the half moon on the mirror.

Hudson first stuck with the ship

in the pack ice,

he noticed that

the north-western passage

that Plancius had precalculated

him in his chic room on the

Amsterdam canals,

sat behind Globes and beautiful cards,

that it didn't exist at all

and that he also fixed Came to sit,

like Willem Barentz

in that massive pack ice.

He therefore turned the steven,

even though there were

mutiny threatened,

and sailed back south along Greenland

in search of a new estuary or cove,

of which he assumed that the

Northwestern passage would

be located in a arm a haf. ( Haf=cove)

He saw 3 estuaries

and took the middle,

the Middle river he calls that.

We have called that river

to him later, the Hudson.

He drained the Hudson,

200 nautical miles,

and got stuck in ice again.

In the area we now call Albany.

His sailors were still very worried

that he was busy,

from the flat pancake

that was the earth,

to sail and that he

would be heading in hell.

And they came almost to mutiny,

and again he must turn

to the Steven and return

to his journey over the arm,

for he was convinced that he was

in a arm tarried with his half-Maen,

because the water was still broke.

But as we know the Hudson is

subject to langstreking tides

and is therefore far inland broke.

Hudson returned with

his grouser and rebellious sailors

and he had to anchor at an island

in the middle of that arm,

which Hudson River.

Because he needed limes,

he needed fruit vegetables

because his sailors

are to scurvy members.

He got the limes and those fruits

provided by extremely friendly Indians

who were on the island

and said Mannahatten.

That is the island of Manhattan

and Hudson threw his anchor

on the orders of Signeur van Os,

so on behalf of the States of Holland

and he thus called it new Amsterdam

in order to be able to claim the rights

of the States of Holland

according to the then Law.

One calls that the right

of first anchoring.

The British disputed that right of course

and now is the question for us:

Why was Hudson,

why was Dirk van Os,

why were the states of Holland

so keen to find a northwestern passage

across America.

That was because the Pope of Rome,

in 1494,

in a treaty, a global treaty,

concluded with the kingdoms

of Portugal and Spain,

the whole ocean divided into had

in 2 parts:

He drew a median line

1770 nautical miles from Cape Verde,

middle over the ocean and said :

The west of this corpse belongs

to the King of Spain

and everything to the east

to the Portuguese.

As a result, the states of Holland

were not entitled to develop a monopoly

on the East Indies

via the straits that were

already Cartographed in 1494

The states of Holland

wanted to abide by the law of the Sea,

the then international law.

They also had every interest in this,

because it was only a small state

and international law

law is more on the basis of small States

and the protection of small States,

since it is also designed.

They did not want to start

their state existence as independent

of 7 United Provinces

with a blatant violation

of the international law Treaty of 1494.

That famous distribution Treaty

of the high seas by Pope Alexander VI.

Later, when the Republic

had become strong and had

had an immense war fleet,

it could no longer care about them

and tinkered all the treaties of the Pope,

the Spanish king and the Portuguese

without more, to their boot.

They did not need the half-Maen,

nor did the Turks.