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Tom and it's my pleasure to inform
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you we're in the capable hands of Captain Walker
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and he is assisted by First Officer Hawkins.
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Captain Walker has informed me
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our flight time today will be five hours.
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Your beverages will be complimentary.
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For a complete listing of the beverages we do offer,
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you can refer to the back, to Hemispheres magazine.
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♪ Break on through to the other side ♪
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Novels used to be the content of movies. When a new medium
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arrives, the old medium is the content and it is highly
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observable, highly also, but the real revving up
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and massaging is done by the...
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I was walking through Central Park one day
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playing my banjo and along comes Jonas Mekas,
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with his little eight millimeter camera.
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He starts filming me.
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We started to talk and within a day, I was the new director
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of the Film-Maker's Cinematheque.
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And I quit my job and he said he wanted to put together
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a festival based on cinema but incorporating other arts
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and that was the mandate, he made some suggestions,
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we thought about it, talked about it, it was up to me
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to put it together.
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And so I called it the Expanded Cinema Festival.
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And I went to Rauschenberg, Oldenburg, Nam June Paik,
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the USCO Group, Carolee Schneemann, dancers, artists, poets,
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audio visual people and the only requirement was
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cinema somehow was incorporated into the piece.
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Just a total rearranging of the senses.
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You didn't know what you were looking at.
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And all these people were experimenting with media.
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They were dealing with technological stuff.
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Nobody was talking about cybernetics at the time but
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they were all reading McLuhan.
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Rauschenberg told me about McLuhan.
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Suggested I read it, then Cage handed me a copy
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of "Cybernetics" by Norbert Wiener and said,
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"This is something for you."
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I was extremely interested in notions of feedback
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and nonlinearity.
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I got a call from A.K. Solomon who was head of Biophysics
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at Harvard and he had read about the Expanded Cinema
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Festival, said, "We have all these scientists up here
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"at Harvard and MIT and who of us would like to invite
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"a group of artists to spend a couple of days
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"in a seminar to talk about mutual interests."
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So I was invited to put this together which I did.
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And then they took us to see the computer.
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There was a room and everybody there was wearing white coats
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and they were cold and we were cold watching the computer
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with all these cards and file cards.
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I just stood there like a kid with my nose against
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the window and it was so exciting.
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And I had no idea why.
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JZ Young, an Oxford biologist, in "Doubt and Certainty
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in Science " said, " We create tools and then we mold ourself
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"through our use of them."
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And I read that in 1964 and something went off
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and I suddenly realized that reality isn't this thing
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in front of us on a proscenium stage, it's a mobile piece.
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We are creating technologies, then we are the technologies.
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It's not your heart is like a pump, your heart is a pump.
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It's not your brain is like a computer,
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your brain is a computer
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until the next thing comes along.
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Now you're a neural net or now you're an information system.
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The circles widened so it was Heinz von Foerster who was the
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dean of the world's cyberneticist. It was Gregory Bateson,
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Stewart Brand, almost all these people were authors
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as I was, I read all their books, and no one in New York
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had a clue that there was something happening.
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That there was a consciousness or mindset that had evolved
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and you could connect all these people.
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You can connect this and this.
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There are ways to put it together and to see a cohesive
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whole and they were bestselling authors
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and they were getting screwed by the publishing industry.
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So I was dragooned into becoming an agent because I had
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a business background and they said, "Why don't you just
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"go back and look after our interests?
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"It'll take you an hour a day" and I thought it would
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be a nice way to pick up some money while I wrote books
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and I found out very quickly that I was sitting
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on an oil well I couldn't control
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and that was 30 years ago.
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In 1993, someone attacked your network.
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We talked about your network and David Gelernter,
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one of your fabulous writers, received a letter
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from the Unabomber.
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Right.
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Why do you think he was a target?
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Well, I know he was a target, this madman, criminal madman
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would read the New York Times and a lot of the people he
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picked as targets were people that John Markoff
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had profiled, so Gelernter was the subject
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of one of the biggest profiles ever in the Times in 1991.
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And I'm sure that had something to do with it.
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But the Unabomber, he studied in Harvard
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and he was a mathematician.
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Yeah, and he's a sick criminal.
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I wouldn't have a serious discussion about this guy.
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You know, he doesn't rise to the level.
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I think he's a guy that wrote this manifesto that he
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couldn't possibly get published because it's written so
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badly and it's so flawed, so in order to get it published
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he killed people.
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End of story.
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People can have arguments about environment and science
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but you don't need to kill people to make your point.
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And I wouldn't dignify him by discussing him any further.
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Let's change the subject.
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Call a car.
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♪ When I go to sleep at night, that's the only thing ♪
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♪ I'm dreaming of ♪
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This historic endeavor,
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thanks to a personal invitation extended to me by...
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In 1960 and '61, I was a lieutenant in the U.S. Army
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based in Fort Dix, New Jersey.
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And on weekends when I could get away, I went to the
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Lower East Side of New York and hung out with artists
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because by then I was hanging out with artists
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in San Francisco in 1959 and '60.
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John Brockman was part of that, a fella named Steve Durkee,
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a poet named Gerd Stern, a group of artists and engineers
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called USCO was taking shape about then, standing for
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Us Company.
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The mechanism of meeting Ken Kesey was very straightforward.
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It was through Indians.
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By chance, I was a photo journalist then and I got
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a job through a friend photographing Indians in Oregon
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at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.
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So I photographed these guys and I thought this is
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a real interesting, different America
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that I didn't know about, that is fundamental and profound.
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Then Kesey's book came out,
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"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" which had a character
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in it named Chief Broom.
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Chief Broom was portrayed as an Indian from the reservation
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where I'd been working, so I was moved by that and it
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sort of gave me the rest of the permission to think
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what I was thinking, that Indians were important.
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And so I sent Kesey photographs, through a mutual friend
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I knew his address that I'd taken and he basically
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sent back a note, "Come on down."
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And was welcomed right in and blended in and became
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part of it.
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We're on our way to LA. - We'll have to...
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We're on our way to LA. - We'll all get together.
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On one plan of attack. - How we coming in?
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Everywhere, everywhere.
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Everywhere, production at the moment
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is the acid test.
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Okay, once again, the train is in.
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Being on the bus going from acid test to acid test
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basically which was Kesey's form of performance art,
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our band was a group called the Warlocks which
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later became the Grateful Dead.
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A number of people around the group were ex-army,
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like I was, a number of them were artists.
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And it was intensely improvisational.
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Oh yeah, come on now.
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Get some power up here on the stage.
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Our best technicians are now on the problem,
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alright turn up the microphone.
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Sounds, pick that up.
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Was it a moving laboratory? Yes.
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In Kesey's mind, it was a moving laboratory.
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He said, "You know, these scientists talk about doing
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"research and that's really all they're doing is research.
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"We're doing research and if we don't boil rocks
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"and drink the water, how do we know it won't
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"make us drunk." And what we do is boil rocks and we just
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try any damn thing.
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And some of them were pretty interesting experiments.
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One for example would be, take a whole bunch of garden,
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people sitting around basically stoned.
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About 15 people.
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Take a bunch of garden hose, cut it up into eight or ten
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foot lengths, tie it all together in a knot, grab two
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pieces, talk in one and listen to the other. And everybody's
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doing this, and so you know who you're hearing but you don't
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know who you're talking to and this is happening in a group
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of 15 people just to see what happens.
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That was a search.
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The Whole Earth Catalog project
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certainly hit all of that frame of reference, but it
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specifically came out of an LSD afternoon where I was
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on a rooftop with probably 200 micrograms of LSD in me,
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you know, nothing better to do.
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And thinking about, or in context of lectures I had
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recently heard by Buckminster Fuller and Fuller like McLuhan
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was one of the people we were paying attention to then
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and Wiener was in there, Cage was a little bit in there.
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The initial audience in my mind was communes.
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People who were trying to reinvent civilization
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and I was just trying to provide the tools for which
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to reinvent civilization. And turned out, a lot of people
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were interested in that.
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The communes that try to quote, "go back to basics"
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and just farm made a real good try at doing that.
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And some of them even learned a fair amount
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of serious farming.
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A book that we purveyed in Whole Earth Catalog
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called "Goat Husbandry" was a very popular book.
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It was a good book.
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You get the book, get a goat, and you can do it,
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milk and everything.
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But it didn't play out very far.
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It was basically a different kind of dead end
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from what drugs were.
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Whereas some of the technology, some of the alternative
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energy technology showed real promise.
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Solar energy basically took off gradually,
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and takes off to this day.
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Computer technology obviously.
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And because the counterculture hippie frame of reference
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was there for outlaws of all kinds, it basically swept
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right through the outlaw computer people, hackers,
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and became their frame of reference and a kind of a gift
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economy, optimistic approach became then the basis
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for personal computers, personal computer software.
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Then the internet and the web went on and on. And that's
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the main legacy from the '60s as far as I'm concerned
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is the open system approach to everything
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having to do with computers.
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You offered two lines in the catalog.
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How to use a computer and how to build a cabin in the woods
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like Thoreau, one of the American icons.
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On one side, you offered technology and on the other side
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anti-technology in one book.
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Mmhm, I agree. - Was there
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a discussion about that among the users of the catalog
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or was it a conflict?
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What was your position in this time?
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We came down on one side of the conflict between
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technology and anti-technology. We came down
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on the side of technology.
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Basically on the theory of the way to make a technology
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work for you is to just grab it and run with it,
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go do whatever you want to do with that technology.
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And if that happens and everybody does that,
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these technologies basically get democratized.
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Then they will work out okay.
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If you fail to do that and say, "They're very, very evil
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"and I will never touch them," then they have complete
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freedom to be as evil as they want.
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You know who wound up in Thoreau's cabin was the Unabomber,
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was Ted Kaczynski.
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Saying, "This is evil, evil, evil, and I'll prove it
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00:27:13,377 --> 00:27:16,177
"by killing some of the people who do it."
254
00:27:19,130 --> 00:27:24,130
And then that line then leads to Bill Joy saying you know,
255
00:27:24,137 --> 00:27:25,996
"Ted Kaczynski is right about a few things.
256
00:27:25,997 --> 00:27:28,656
"You read his stuff and there's some sensible critique
257
00:27:28,657 --> 00:27:32,456
"in there that we need to take seriously because what if
258
00:27:32,457 --> 00:27:36,036
"we democratize weapons of mass destruction,
259
00:27:36,037 --> 00:27:37,892
"is that a good thing?
260
00:27:37,893 --> 00:27:40,266
"It's okay to democratize personal computers
261
00:27:40,267 --> 00:27:42,066
"and the internet but what about
262
00:27:42,067 --> 00:27:43,269
"weapons of mass destruction?"
263
00:27:43,270 --> 00:27:44,559
It's a fair question.
264
00:27:44,560 --> 00:27:46,299
And that's one that we're now dealing with
265
00:27:46,300 --> 00:27:48,023
in the early 21st century.
266
00:27:49,620 --> 00:27:54,620
I think it will eventually sort out but it's
267
00:27:54,910 --> 00:27:55,910
a real question.
268
00:27:57,190 --> 00:28:01,029
He was saying, "The culture is going a whole direction here
269
00:28:01,030 --> 00:28:03,839
"and I think it's a dangerous direction and I will
270
00:28:03,840 --> 00:28:05,853
"personally prevent it from going there."
271
00:28:07,670 --> 00:28:12,670
And he got heard by vile means, but he got heard.
272
00:28:39,106 --> 00:28:42,066
So I can mail books out? - Awesome.
273
00:28:57,850 --> 00:29:01,767
Eat, consume, be silent, and die!
274
00:29:03,070 --> 00:29:07,737
Or choose to protest the very nature of your birthright!
275
00:29:10,590 --> 00:29:11,590
No more!
276
00:29:29,419 --> 00:29:32,876
♪ I am a time bomb ♪
277
00:29:32,877 --> 00:29:36,210
Shut it down, shut the down!
278
00:29:36,211 --> 00:29:41,211
♪ I am a time bomb, ticking, ticking, ticking time bomb ♪
279
00:29:46,738 --> 00:29:51,738
♪ Everybody look what's going down, stop now ♪
280
00:30:04,590 --> 00:30:09,590
♪ Time bomb, ticking, ticking, ticking time bomb ♪
281
00:30:40,722 --> 00:30:45,722
♪ What's that sound, everybody look what's going down ♪
282
00:30:46,064 --> 00:30:49,584
♪ Stop now, what's that sound ♪
283
00:32:58,045 --> 00:33:00,231
US Marines operating in Afghanistan launched
284
00:33:00,232 --> 00:33:02,114
their first ground offensive killing
285
00:33:02,115 --> 00:33:03,815
seven fighters who struck three vehicles.
286
00:33:03,816 --> 00:33:05,609
It all happened overnight when a Taliban convoy ran
287
00:33:05,610 --> 00:33:08,519
a roadblock Marines set up in southern Afghanistan,
288
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:10,437
no Marine was injured.
289
00:33:11,773 --> 00:33:14,812
And today, Cobra helicopters were watching, based on a
290
00:33:14,813 --> 00:33:17,099
report, that another convoy has been spotted.
291
00:33:17,100 --> 00:33:20,594
The Choppers, however, weren't able to fly back to it.
292
00:33:20,595 --> 00:33:23,511
And Israel ended a two day halt in bombing this morning
293
00:33:23,512 --> 00:33:24,675
when F-16s...
294
00:34:00,257 --> 00:34:02,598
Sort of being like,.
295
00:40:06,850 --> 00:40:08,399
The defense minister, a visitor of
296
00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:12,059
government in Afghanistan, claims his sources have told
297
00:40:12,060 --> 00:40:15,793
him that Osama Bin Laden is definitely in Tora Bora.
298
00:42:10,384 --> 00:42:11,383
With the Cold War,
299
00:42:11,384 --> 00:42:13,119
with World War II over now, us turning or attentions
300
00:42:13,120 --> 00:42:18,120
to the Russians, we needed various ways to one, literally
301
00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:23,190
protect our skies and two, to give the people of the US
302
00:42:24,860 --> 00:42:27,929
sort of a feeling of security and that's where
303
00:42:27,930 --> 00:42:29,449
SAGE came in.
304
00:42:29,450 --> 00:42:32,879
SAGE is the largest computer ever made and this is only
305
00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:36,080
one portion, and all of this I another portion
306
00:42:37,090 --> 00:42:40,193
and we have less than 10% of one SAGE machine.
307
00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:44,499
First wide scale use of modems was on this machine.
308
00:42:44,500 --> 00:42:47,419
And how it worked was you'd actually see a blip on
309
00:42:47,420 --> 00:42:51,139
the screen that was moving and you would access that blip
310
00:42:51,140 --> 00:42:55,239
with a light gun by actually clicking on it.
311
00:42:55,240 --> 00:42:57,569
And if there was any information in air traffic control
312
00:42:57,570 --> 00:43:00,079
it would show up in one area. But if not the intercept
313
00:43:00,080 --> 00:43:04,299
technician would have to have it shot down. And you can
314
00:43:04,300 --> 00:43:09,300
see the large screen here. And first wide scale use
315
00:43:09,550 --> 00:43:13,739
of modems was a decentralized network. So if a bomb
316
00:43:13,740 --> 00:43:16,728
was to take out one of them, it could still control
317
00:43:16,729 --> 00:43:21,239
the output and the input from another station.
318
00:43:21,240 --> 00:43:23,209
So it was very influential in the early days
319
00:43:23,210 --> 00:43:26,529
of the ARPANET with a lot of the whole concept of
320
00:43:26,530 --> 00:43:28,579
being able to keep the network running if you lose
321
00:43:28,580 --> 00:43:29,613
one of the nodes.
322
00:43:43,320 --> 00:43:48,320
Indicate what was coming and then you could scramble jets
323
00:43:48,510 --> 00:43:50,803
or even launch missiles from the ground.
324
00:43:54,960 --> 00:43:59,770
Also see that you have ability to dial up
325
00:44:00,720 --> 00:44:04,009
other sectors and control their air space also.
326
00:44:04,010 --> 00:44:05,989
And if you wanted to zoom in and just deal with
327
00:44:05,990 --> 00:44:10,076
a specific division and then you could access that
328
00:44:10,077 --> 00:44:13,399
and it actually would give you a full screen of that.
329
00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:14,823
Very, very advanced system.
330
00:44:15,716 --> 00:44:18,859
You can see you have standby, off, power.
331
00:44:18,860 --> 00:44:21,260
Or you can just keep the cooling to it any time.
332
00:44:22,120 --> 00:44:23,989
You also had a cigarette lighter and an ashtray so if
333
00:44:23,990 --> 00:44:27,048
you were smoking you could keep from going insane.
334
00:44:34,140 --> 00:44:36,939
In response to the recent cases of anthrax in the US,
335
00:44:36,940 --> 00:44:40,139
all the experts I spoke with said the worst thing we can do
336
00:44:40,140 --> 00:44:41,809
right now is panic.
337
00:44:41,810 --> 00:44:44,767
We need to let public health officials and the FBI
338
00:44:44,768 --> 00:44:47,102
carry out this investigation, and in the meantime
339
00:44:47,103 --> 00:44:47,936
♪ I'm a hog for you baby ♪
340
00:44:47,937 --> 00:44:49,936
What the public can do is take some time...
341
00:44:49,937 --> 00:44:54,937
♪ Can't get enough of your love ♪
342
00:44:56,067 --> 00:45:01,067
♪ I'm a hog for you baby, I can't get enough of your love ♪
343
00:45:05,251 --> 00:45:08,796
♪ When I go to sleep at night, that's the only thing ♪
344
00:45:08,797 --> 00:45:10,637
♪ I'm dreaming of ♪
345
00:45:24,367 --> 00:45:27,790
♪ Little thing is coming over your heart ♪
346
00:45:27,791 --> 00:45:29,909
♪ Devil on your ♪
347
00:46:19,511 --> 00:46:23,559
♪ One little piggie went to London ♪
348
00:46:23,560 --> 00:46:26,917
♪ One little piggie went to Hong Kong ♪
349
00:46:26,918 --> 00:46:31,658
♪ This little piggie's comin' over your house ♪
350
00:46:33,985 --> 00:46:36,405
♪ I'm a hog for you, baby ♪
351
00:46:36,406 --> 00:46:41,406
♪ Can't get enough of your love ♪
352
00:46:41,825 --> 00:46:45,349
♪ When I go to sleep at night, that's the only thing ♪
353
00:46:45,350 --> 00:46:48,183
♪ I'm dreaming of ♪
354
00:48:36,274 --> 00:48:41,274
ARPA was founded in 1957, might be '58
355
00:48:43,842 --> 00:48:45,903
as a result of Sputnik.
356
00:48:46,923 --> 00:48:50,679
Sputnik occurred in October of '57 and it greatly
357
00:48:50,680 --> 00:48:54,353
surprised the United States, they had no idea.
358
00:49:06,630 --> 00:49:10,529
In '58, very soon after Sputnik, Eisenhower, who
359
00:49:10,530 --> 00:49:14,759
was president then asked the department of defense
360
00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:17,709
to set up a special agency called ARPA,
361
00:49:17,710 --> 00:49:21,449
the Advanced Research Projects Agency to look for
362
00:49:21,450 --> 00:49:25,910
research projects that had a longer term
363
00:49:29,180 --> 00:49:33,009
expectation associated with it, in the hopes that we
364
00:49:33,010 --> 00:49:34,849
would not get surprised
365
00:49:34,850 --> 00:49:37,553
again like the Russians surprised us.
366
00:49:38,940 --> 00:49:43,823
So the initial ARPA programs were all space related,
367
00:49:44,770 --> 00:49:48,033
not computer research by and large.
368
00:49:49,080 --> 00:49:53,063
Then in 1960, NASA was formed by Kennedy.
369
00:49:56,930 --> 00:50:01,930
And the ARPA space programs were all
370
00:50:02,140 --> 00:50:04,159
transferred to NASA.
371
00:50:04,160 --> 00:50:09,159
That left ARPA, by '61, '62 it left ARPA an opportunity
372
00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:12,649
to do some other things and one of the things they decided
373
00:50:12,650 --> 00:50:14,853
to get into was computer research.
374
00:50:17,530 --> 00:50:19,949
For my office in ARPA and for some of the other
375
00:50:19,950 --> 00:50:24,950
offices in ARPA, the policy was go find people with
376
00:50:27,420 --> 00:50:31,209
really big ideas that you think might work and if they do
377
00:50:31,210 --> 00:50:33,793
work the payoff will be very large.
378
00:50:36,170 --> 00:50:41,170
And then there were people, labs, offices
379
00:50:42,860 --> 00:50:45,289
and companies? - Yes.
380
00:50:45,290 --> 00:50:48,430
And how...
381
00:50:51,784 --> 00:50:54,287
Can you draw for me how X extend the network?
382
00:50:56,790 --> 00:50:59,636
Okay, so this group here has its own computer
383
00:50:59,637 --> 00:51:01,939
and this group has its own computer and this group
384
00:51:01,940 --> 00:51:06,279
and so on but these computers cannot talk, communicate
385
00:51:06,280 --> 00:51:10,649
with one another unless you put a little translator
386
00:51:10,650 --> 00:51:12,636
next to each one of these.
387
00:51:12,637 --> 00:51:15,179
So this computer's sending something over here.
388
00:51:15,180 --> 00:51:16,519
It grows through this translator.
389
00:51:16,520 --> 00:51:20,279
The translator translates this language, if you will,
390
00:51:20,280 --> 00:51:24,833
or these bits into a common language that he can
391
00:51:25,830 --> 00:51:29,593
understand and he can understand but he can't and he can't.
392
00:51:30,830 --> 00:51:34,909
And so the translation goes through here, it comes here,
393
00:51:34,910 --> 00:51:38,919
this guy then translates this stuff into something
394
00:51:38,920 --> 00:51:42,188
that this guy can then receive and the same is true
395
00:51:42,189 --> 00:51:47,189
over here and over here and even over here
396
00:51:49,160 --> 00:51:52,583
so that everything is sort of multiple connected.
397
00:51:53,890 --> 00:51:56,096
But some historians have looked at this and said,
398
00:51:56,097 --> 00:52:00,116
"Well, the reason that ARPA built the ARPANET was
399
00:52:00,117 --> 00:52:03,869
"in the case of nuclear disaster," no, that's not
400
00:52:03,870 --> 00:52:06,129
the reason we built the ARPANET.
401
00:52:06,130 --> 00:52:09,939
We built the ARPANET to enable people in different
402
00:52:09,940 --> 00:52:14,313
places who had common interest to share those interests.
403
00:52:16,490 --> 00:52:20,089
The internet is simply a evolution of the ARPANET,
404
00:52:20,090 --> 00:52:22,853
both in philosophy and in technology.
405
00:52:35,533 --> 00:52:38,520
And all that took place from over the period 1971
406
00:52:40,813 --> 00:52:45,813
to 1976 or so and we had the first internet
407
00:52:46,733 --> 00:52:51,733
up and running in '75 or six when we put the ethernet
408
00:52:55,270 --> 00:52:56,613
and the ARPANET together.
409
00:52:59,940 --> 00:53:02,609
So those were good years, there was a lot to do
410
00:53:02,610 --> 00:53:07,610
and it was obvious what to do and all these different
411
00:53:08,160 --> 00:53:11,723
things had to fit together nicely, had to work together.
412
00:53:12,750 --> 00:53:13,850
That was a lot of fun.
413
00:53:25,060 --> 00:53:27,419
Robert, for you it was a lot of fun
414
00:53:27,420 --> 00:53:30,779
but other people were afraid of these growing networks.
415
00:53:30,780 --> 00:53:34,989
To them it seemed like cancer or a machine which we
416
00:53:34,990 --> 00:53:38,285
perhaps couldn't control, what do you think about
417
00:53:38,286 --> 00:53:40,613
such critics like Ted Kaczynski?
418
00:53:41,730 --> 00:53:45,963
He's crazy, we have people like that in our society.
419
00:53:47,460 --> 00:53:48,779
But he was a mathematician.
420
00:53:48,780 --> 00:53:50,059
He studied in Harvard.
421
00:53:50,060 --> 00:53:54,303
Yeah, Hitler was an artist, he studied in Vienna.
422
00:53:56,690 --> 00:53:58,823
Did you read the manifesto?
423
00:53:59,690 --> 00:54:01,579
You mean "Mein Kampf?"
424
00:54:01,580 --> 00:54:04,545
No, the manifesto by the Unabomber.
425
00:54:04,546 --> 00:54:06,453
No, I didn't read it.
426
00:54:08,350 --> 00:54:10,050
I didn't read "Mein Kampf" either.
427
00:54:11,300 --> 00:54:14,407
But what I am afraid of, I'm afraid of the Al-Qaeda,
428
00:54:17,310 --> 00:54:18,553
I'm afraid of cancer.
429
00:54:22,220 --> 00:54:25,093
But I don't know enough, if we knew how to cure cancer,
430
00:54:26,050 --> 00:54:28,359
we had more knowledge in other words about cancer
431
00:54:28,360 --> 00:54:30,010
then we wouldn't be afraid of it.
432
00:54:32,381 --> 00:54:34,849
But you know cancer is an illness,
433
00:54:34,850 --> 00:54:36,469
conquer it, illness?
434
00:54:36,470 --> 00:54:39,449
It's an illness of the modern society, it's an illness
435
00:54:39,450 --> 00:54:41,359
of civilization.
436
00:54:41,360 --> 00:54:45,159
Yeah, but someday I believe we will understand
437
00:54:45,160 --> 00:54:49,759
how to cure cancer or prohibit cancer.
438
00:54:49,760 --> 00:54:51,769
I believe that will happen long before we have an
439
00:54:51,770 --> 00:54:55,723
electronic battlefield or a machine that we can't control.
440
00:54:57,440 --> 00:55:01,039
And when we know how to cure or prohibit cancer
441
00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:02,909
we will know longer be afraid of it.
442
00:55:02,910 --> 00:55:04,563
It's a question of knowledge.
443
00:55:06,210 --> 00:55:07,953
Of eliminating ignorance.
444
00:55:09,630 --> 00:55:12,089
Ignorance is a state of no knowledge.
445
00:55:12,090 --> 00:55:13,090
Ignorance.
446
00:55:15,520 --> 00:55:19,923
Not stupidity, that's something else, ignorance.
447
00:55:21,360 --> 00:55:22,360
Causes fear.
448
00:56:14,696 --> 00:56:18,097
But Afghanistan and this war and.
449
00:56:18,098 --> 00:56:19,458
Let us agree on the challenge...
450
00:58:20,323 --> 00:58:21,741
Committee, congressman,
451
00:58:21,742 --> 00:58:23,283
thanks for being with us.
452
01:02:51,290 --> 01:02:55,002
♪ There's no way, they could have made two ♪
453
01:19:41,028 --> 01:19:43,389
But I can combine them because those two
454
01:19:43,390 --> 01:19:44,849
forms are linearly implied,
455
01:19:44,850 --> 01:19:48,590
are not linearly implied.
456
01:24:01,412 --> 01:24:03,826
Experiments are conducted with mice.
457
01:24:03,827 --> 01:24:06,089
Mice exposed to a toxic compound are compared
458
01:24:06,090 --> 01:24:08,110
with others that were not exposed...
459
01:24:35,427 --> 01:24:39,572
Have resulted in a perfect record of recovery.
460
01:24:39,573 --> 01:24:41,972
As soon as the compound appears to have potential
461
01:24:41,973 --> 01:24:46,973
as a chemical agent, studies begin.
462
01:24:47,931 --> 01:24:51,346
By means of such studies, the best method for manufacturing
463
01:24:51,347 --> 01:24:54,764
the compound and quantity are determined.
464
01:25:40,593 --> 01:25:43,143
Listens to the psychologist speak.
465
01:25:44,590 --> 01:25:45,680
Answers in turn.
466
01:25:52,630 --> 01:25:54,430
Talks slowly, moves his legs slowly.
467
01:25:56,120 --> 01:25:58,153
Seems quite slow in his gestures.
468
01:28:54,930 --> 01:28:57,599
Tonight, the trial of Ted Kaczynski,
469
01:28:57,600 --> 01:28:59,713
when mental illness meets the law.
470
01:29:03,600 --> 01:29:06,219
It was a crazy beginning for the Unabomber trial
471
01:29:06,220 --> 01:29:08,659
and crazy seems to be the right word.
472
01:29:08,660 --> 01:29:10,829
Prosecutors believe he is linked to as many
473
01:29:10,830 --> 01:29:14,079
as 16 bombings, bombings that killed three people
474
01:29:14,080 --> 01:29:17,409
and maimed 23 others in states across the nation.
475
01:29:17,410 --> 01:29:19,539
The former hermit has refused all court
476
01:29:19,540 --> 01:29:20,959
ordered mental tests.
477
01:29:20,960 --> 01:29:23,808
His attorneys say he's afraid of psychiatrists,
478
01:29:23,809 --> 01:29:27,136
gets upset at the mere mention of their profession.
479
01:29:27,137 --> 01:29:29,386
"Paranoid delusional thinking dictates
480
01:29:29,387 --> 01:29:31,148
"Mr. Kaczynski's life."
481
01:29:31,150 --> 01:29:34,246
He went on to say Kaczynski has "concern over government
482
01:29:34,247 --> 01:29:38,619
"agents, satellites, electrodes, and mind control."
483
01:29:38,620 --> 01:29:42,568
It's not surprising to me that a bonafide paranoid
484
01:29:42,570 --> 01:29:47,229
schizophrenic person believes their delusions are reality.
485
01:29:47,230 --> 01:29:51,308
And in terms of Ted Kaczynski's self appointed vengeance
486
01:29:51,309 --> 01:29:56,309
mission, if he is to be considered insane, then everything
487
01:29:56,430 --> 01:30:00,281
he's done will have no political effect and it will have
488
01:30:00,282 --> 01:30:02,373
no meaning to society.
489
01:30:04,250 --> 01:30:07,009
Lawyers and psychiatrists agree, Ted Kaczynski
490
01:30:07,010 --> 01:30:09,641
clearly is not like the rest of us.
491
01:30:09,642 --> 01:30:11,509
Joining us on this Friday evening, it's either a bomb
492
01:30:11,510 --> 01:30:13,902
factory or the hall of the schizophrenic
493
01:30:13,903 --> 01:30:14,736
depending on whom you ask.
494
01:30:14,737 --> 01:30:16,449
That's what attorneys on both sides of the Unabomber
495
01:30:16,450 --> 01:30:19,519
trial are saying about Ted Kaczynski's cabin which arrived
496
01:30:19,520 --> 01:30:22,299
on the back of a big rig truck just before noon today.
497
01:30:22,300 --> 01:30:23,140
He says Gloria...
498
01:30:23,141 --> 01:30:25,769
Meanwhile, a key piece of evidence is on its way
499
01:30:25,770 --> 01:30:28,219
to Sacramento, Kaczynski's cabin leaving
500
01:30:28,220 --> 01:30:30,919
Great Falls, Montana this morning, being brought here
501
01:30:30,920 --> 01:30:32,818
as a piece of evidence for the defense.
502
01:30:32,820 --> 01:30:35,049
Expected to take three days for the driver
503
01:30:35,050 --> 01:30:37,826
to complete the 1100 mile trip to Sacramento.
504
01:30:37,827 --> 01:30:39,939
The cabin, which will be stored at Mather Field
505
01:30:39,940 --> 01:30:42,359
is important to the defense strategy of portraying
506
01:30:42,360 --> 01:30:44,759
Kaczynski as mentally disturbed.
507
01:30:44,760 --> 01:30:47,459
The cabin measures just 10 by 12 feet.
508
01:30:47,460 --> 01:30:50,499
There's no electricity, no running water.
509
01:30:50,500 --> 01:30:53,849
Inside, FBI investigators found volumes of evidence
510
01:30:53,850 --> 01:30:56,308
connecting the former professor to nearly all
511
01:30:56,309 --> 01:30:57,764
the Unabomber crimes.
512
01:30:57,765 --> 01:30:59,709
Did Ted Kaczynski have more than one cabin?
513
01:30:59,710 --> 01:31:02,398
His own lawyers maintain the government was supposed
514
01:31:02,400 --> 01:31:06,239
to find other secret shacks that Kaczynski had built
515
01:31:06,240 --> 01:31:08,223
apparently to escape civilization.
516
01:34:03,360 --> 01:34:06,977
For $250, but she wants more!
517
01:34:06,978 --> 01:34:09,156
Well, now it's her turn to open one box
518
01:34:09,157 --> 01:34:10,357
of Jiffy Pop popcorn...
519
01:34:41,489 --> 01:34:44,898
Ted's home cabin, there became more and more people,
520
01:34:44,900 --> 01:34:48,269
more people moving in, there was noise, he didn't have
521
01:34:48,270 --> 01:34:51,329
the privacy he had when he first moved here.
522
01:34:51,330 --> 01:34:54,968
I told you before when Ted moved here in 1971,
523
01:34:54,969 --> 01:34:57,859
there was only four people living up here year round
524
01:34:57,860 --> 01:35:00,909
so Ted had things pretty private.
525
01:35:00,910 --> 01:35:05,228
Well, at time of his arrest, Butch has had all kinds
526
01:35:05,230 --> 01:35:08,109
of neighbors move in and Ted liked to be by himself
527
01:35:08,110 --> 01:35:10,929
where he could work without being surprised, having
528
01:35:10,930 --> 01:35:14,209
somebody knock on his door or just show up
529
01:35:14,210 --> 01:35:15,699
or somebody come by.
530
01:35:15,700 --> 01:35:18,869
So he built this little cabin where he could go out into
531
01:35:18,870 --> 01:35:23,609
the woods and live off the land and be completely content
532
01:35:23,610 --> 01:35:26,360
and not have to worry about being surprised by anybody.
533
01:35:35,460 --> 01:35:38,888
You'll see here in a kind of a scrap pile right here
534
01:35:38,889 --> 01:35:43,068
and right underneath of this tin there was quite a few
535
01:35:43,070 --> 01:35:46,239
short lengths of pipe that had been drilled.
536
01:35:46,240 --> 01:35:49,943
The beginnings of an explosive device, bombs.
537
01:36:10,339 --> 01:36:11,945
How's that? - Who is the photographer?
538
01:36:11,946 --> 01:36:13,624
From this? - Me.
539
01:36:13,625 --> 01:36:16,063
Yeah, but I've got some FBI photos too.
540
01:36:17,309 --> 01:36:19,329
This is the cabin before...
541
01:36:19,330 --> 01:36:21,343
Anything happened. - Anything happened.
542
01:36:22,990 --> 01:36:27,029
When I talk to the FBI agents, just about every time
543
01:36:27,030 --> 01:36:31,299
Max, Noel and I were in constant contact prior to
544
01:36:31,300 --> 01:36:34,679
the arrest, I worked with him for about 30 days
545
01:36:34,680 --> 01:36:38,568
doing photography missions, taking video, catching Ted
546
01:36:38,570 --> 01:36:40,888
out behind the house but never on the camera,
547
01:36:40,889 --> 01:36:42,968
all just sounds.
548
01:36:42,969 --> 01:36:45,189
This was Ted's map. - Ted's map?
549
01:36:45,190 --> 01:36:47,189
Yes, and this is his writing right down here.
550
01:36:47,190 --> 01:36:49,369
What it says is routes followed on foot from
551
01:36:49,370 --> 01:36:50,862
late autumn, '71.
552
01:36:52,170 --> 01:36:54,468
All these black lines, handwritten lines
553
01:36:54,469 --> 01:36:57,619
are Ted's trails. - Written in by Ted.
554
01:36:57,620 --> 01:36:59,959
Yes, written in by Ted.
555
01:36:59,960 --> 01:37:01,299
$1368!
556
01:37:01,300 --> 01:37:04,049
It's an enigma, that's the best word I can come up with.
557
01:37:04,050 --> 01:37:06,898
Because everything that he did he did experiments on
558
01:37:06,900 --> 01:37:09,362
and he wrote down, very systematically.
559
01:37:11,710 --> 01:37:13,558
And not just bomb experiments but other things,
560
01:37:13,559 --> 01:37:16,169
very scientifically would right down how much of this
561
01:37:16,170 --> 01:37:19,619
or that that he used, how successful it was
562
01:37:19,620 --> 01:37:22,299
and in the areas of his bombs he was very meticulous.
563
01:37:22,300 --> 01:37:25,669
When he would come up with a new mixture or a new type
564
01:37:25,670 --> 01:37:30,670
of detonating cap, he would write down ranges and how
565
01:37:31,650 --> 01:37:35,563
effective they were and all those kinds of things.
566
01:37:36,710 --> 01:37:39,495
No, it's still too much, she's tying it up
567
01:37:39,496 --> 01:37:40,869
and putting it in her cart!
568
01:37:40,870 --> 01:37:45,273
And now here's Latishia's, paper towels!
569
01:37:46,309 --> 01:37:47,486
She sees it, she's thinking...
570
01:37:47,487 --> 01:37:50,349
And then later on after the FBI finally
571
01:37:50,350 --> 01:37:52,478
started to cooperate with me,
572
01:37:52,480 --> 01:37:56,099
then they gave me some copies of some of his
573
01:37:56,100 --> 01:38:00,199
writings, about some of his camps and he uses words
574
01:38:00,200 --> 01:38:05,179
like, "My most favorite place, my most sacred place."
575
01:38:05,180 --> 01:38:07,785
We just looked at these a minute ago.
576
01:38:07,786 --> 01:38:09,679
Yeah, I brought those along. - In fact, you have some
577
01:38:09,680 --> 01:38:11,179
of them right here. - I've got the coded.
578
01:38:11,180 --> 01:38:16,180
This is coded and he can read to you as Ted writes it.
579
01:38:17,610 --> 01:38:20,468
It's all down right here and it's amazing.
580
01:38:20,469 --> 01:38:22,338
And the FBI groups are waiting here
581
01:38:22,339 --> 01:38:23,664
in Lincoln, sitting here...
582
01:38:23,665 --> 01:38:25,449
The FBI was scattered all around the surrounding area,
583
01:38:25,450 --> 01:38:29,638
hiding, posing as geologists, posing as truck drivers,
584
01:38:29,639 --> 01:38:33,249
posing as this or that, very low cover.
585
01:38:33,250 --> 01:38:35,669
Little did we know, out at the Seven-Up Ranch,
586
01:38:35,670 --> 01:38:38,320
there was 70 more on computers
587
01:38:39,460 --> 01:38:43,409
and working other areas, so they covered it real well.
588
01:38:43,410 --> 01:38:45,339
In the field right around here there was probably,
589
01:38:45,340 --> 01:38:49,619
what, 15 that were pretty regular?
590
01:38:49,620 --> 01:38:51,020
Oh yeah, yeah. - I'd say.
591
01:38:52,210 --> 01:38:55,495
Well, Max called me the night before the arrest, he said,
592
01:38:55,496 --> 01:38:58,276
"Is it okay if I use the mill as a staging area
593
01:38:58,277 --> 01:38:59,110
"for the arrest?"
594
01:38:59,111 --> 01:39:01,169
He says, "I think I've got enough."
595
01:39:01,170 --> 01:39:03,986
And I asked him, I said, "Max, well, how much do you
596
01:39:03,987 --> 01:39:07,529
"expect to happen tomorrow, what do you have involved?"
597
01:39:07,530 --> 01:39:09,116
He says, "It's gonna be overwhelming.
598
01:39:09,117 --> 01:39:12,117
"There's gonna be press, there's gonna be a lot of press."
599
01:39:13,543 --> 01:39:15,255
The next time you have to check at...
600
01:39:15,257 --> 01:39:17,396
And on the arrest deal, he said, "How do you get him
601
01:39:17,397 --> 01:39:18,397
"out of the house?"
602
01:39:19,288 --> 01:39:20,566
And I said, "Well, just have Jerry, the forest service man,
603
01:39:20,567 --> 01:39:24,726
"carry a map and stand on the road and just yell at Ted.
604
01:39:24,727 --> 01:39:27,175
"And say, 'Hey, Ted, ' four or five times
605
01:39:27,177 --> 01:39:30,806
"and he'll come out and he'll come to you and you don't
606
01:39:30,807 --> 01:39:33,776
"have to go to him. He'll come to you and once he gets
607
01:39:33,777 --> 01:39:36,949
"close enough to you, you'll be able to grab him."
608
01:39:36,950 --> 01:39:41,223
And that's exactly what they did and it worked just great.
609
01:39:50,162 --> 01:39:53,379
This is Franky West, for Supermarket Sweep!
610
01:39:53,380 --> 01:39:56,987
Supermarket Sweep has been an Al Howard production!
611
01:41:34,009 --> 01:41:36,817
Two bombs, one severely injuring a...
612
01:42:59,893 --> 01:43:03,976
The idea of "Mirror Worlds", the book, was that
613
01:43:06,370 --> 01:43:11,370
the institutions and the organizations that we deal with
614
01:43:13,950 --> 01:43:17,929
every day that are becoming more complicated all the time
615
01:43:17,930 --> 01:43:22,930
would be mirrored in software so that if I wanted to know
616
01:43:23,410 --> 01:43:26,499
what was happening at the university, I could look at
617
01:43:26,500 --> 01:43:30,539
the software image of the university and find out
618
01:43:30,540 --> 01:43:33,239
what was being taught and who was saying what and what
619
01:43:33,240 --> 01:43:36,227
was happening today and so forth.
620
01:43:36,228 --> 01:43:41,020
If I needed to deal with a government agency or with
621
01:43:42,645 --> 01:43:47,645
a company or with a hospital or with any organization,
622
01:43:47,700 --> 01:43:50,543
the organization would be reflected in software.
623
01:43:51,920 --> 01:43:56,289
Like a building reflected in water and the software version
624
01:43:56,290 --> 01:43:59,379
of the organization would be easier for me to understand
625
01:43:59,380 --> 01:44:00,380
and to deal with.
626
01:44:01,570 --> 01:44:04,449
It seemed to me that with the rise of global computer
627
01:44:04,450 --> 01:44:07,939
networks and more and more powerful desktop computers
628
01:44:07,940 --> 01:44:11,003
that this would inevitably emerge.
629
01:44:12,010 --> 01:44:14,718
Nobody can control it.
630
01:44:14,719 --> 01:44:16,093
That's true.
631
01:44:17,719 --> 01:44:21,589
But it's not necessarily bad, it's an organic system,
632
01:44:21,590 --> 01:44:26,439
it's a distributed system, it's a system made of many
633
01:44:26,440 --> 01:44:28,952
tens and hundreds and millions of human beings,
634
01:44:30,288 --> 01:44:32,793
each one making his own decisions.
635
01:44:34,170 --> 01:44:39,170
And the uncontrollability is not necessarily bad.
636
01:44:39,940 --> 01:44:41,373
It makes things interesting.
637
01:44:43,990 --> 01:44:48,990
Certainly there are conflicting trends for a long time.
638
01:44:49,719 --> 01:44:54,719
The quality of American journalism declined because
639
01:44:58,450 --> 01:45:01,769
we at Yale University and American universities were not
640
01:45:01,770 --> 01:45:04,799
training students, high schools were not training students
641
01:45:04,800 --> 01:45:06,989
because computers were making it easier and easier
642
01:45:06,990 --> 01:45:09,888
to have fancy pictures instead of good writing.
643
01:45:09,889 --> 01:45:13,237
But on the other hand, we're now seeing new, it's easier
644
01:45:16,780 --> 01:45:19,348
to have a new TV station, it's easier to have a new
645
01:45:19,349 --> 01:45:22,939
newspaper and computers have a lot to do with that also
646
01:45:22,940 --> 01:45:26,148
because now you don't need a factory and a line to type
647
01:45:26,150 --> 01:45:29,609
machine and it's much easier to produce a newspaper
648
01:45:29,610 --> 01:45:34,409
and make it available, sell it on the internet or the web.
649
01:45:34,410 --> 01:45:39,410
So technology helps to correct the errors and right
650
01:45:41,430 --> 01:45:44,590
the wrongs that technology created in the first place
651
01:45:45,786 --> 01:45:48,585
and the pendulum swings, an old theory, but nonetheless.
652
01:45:49,930 --> 01:45:52,527
But David what's the outcome of
653
01:45:52,528 --> 01:45:53,999
more and more TV stations?
654
01:45:54,000 --> 01:45:57,398
When you got a letter bomb, that wasn't virtual,
655
01:45:57,400 --> 01:46:02,400
it was reality and you, the victim, and the proposed
656
01:46:02,420 --> 01:46:05,789
perpetrator were a real feast for the media.
657
01:46:05,790 --> 01:46:10,218
You were even portrayed together in a fictional dialogue.
658
01:46:10,219 --> 01:46:13,808
Why did you criticize the media for that?
659
01:46:13,809 --> 01:46:18,809
It strikes me as always dangerous to approach human life
660
01:46:21,960 --> 01:46:23,853
as if there were no moral component.
661
01:46:25,300 --> 01:46:30,300
As if a murderer and a normal human being
662
01:46:31,400 --> 01:46:33,202
are comparable and interchangeable.
663
01:46:35,785 --> 01:46:39,397
That's a point of view with catastrophic implications.
664
01:46:40,670 --> 01:46:45,670
Moral relativism, which I am implacably against
665
01:46:48,059 --> 01:46:49,183
and always will be.
666
01:46:50,580 --> 01:46:52,599
As I prepared the film, I had a talk
667
01:46:52,600 --> 01:46:55,299
also with Stewart Brand, you know him, he's also
668
01:46:55,300 --> 01:47:00,296
a ready and he said to me, "This is a genuine
669
01:47:00,297 --> 01:47:03,856
"counterculture phenomenon that the Unabomber was doing.
670
01:47:03,857 --> 01:47:07,005
"He was just saying culture is going in the wrong
671
01:47:07,007 --> 01:47:09,077
"direction, I will fight it."
672
01:47:10,170 --> 01:47:12,589
I think that's a contemptible, that's a despicable
673
01:47:12,590 --> 01:47:13,590
thing to say.
674
01:47:14,559 --> 01:47:16,282
It's a despicable thing to say.
675
01:47:18,940 --> 01:47:22,623
We're talking about somebody who murdered human beings.
676
01:47:25,170 --> 01:47:29,888
If he'd met the widow and the children as I have of men
677
01:47:29,889 --> 01:47:33,369
this criminal had murdered, he would be less eager
678
01:47:33,370 --> 01:47:36,403
to describe him as a mere counterculture phenomenon.
679
01:47:40,175 --> 01:47:42,043
That's the sort of thing that makes me angry.
680
01:47:45,050 --> 01:47:48,049
There's no attack for a political language
681
01:47:48,050 --> 01:47:50,949
or you know in the history it's...
682
01:47:50,950 --> 01:47:53,699
Once a man is a murderer, I don't give a damn
683
01:47:53,700 --> 01:47:56,429
what his opinions are, his opinions are of no
684
01:47:56,430 --> 01:47:57,430
interest to me.
685
01:47:58,380 --> 01:48:01,409
What I know about him is that he's a murderer,
686
01:48:01,410 --> 01:48:03,333
a creator of pain and suffering.
687
01:48:04,870 --> 01:48:09,870
And his opinions are disqualified from being
688
01:48:10,530 --> 01:48:12,823
of interest to any civilized human being.
689
01:51:24,514 --> 01:51:29,514
♪ Well I'm going ♪
690
01:51:32,254 --> 01:51:37,254
♪ This grin ♪
691
01:51:39,832 --> 01:51:44,832
♪ I'm going, I'm going ♪
692
01:51:47,690 --> 01:51:51,773
♪ In this prison, in this prison ♪
693
01:51:56,940 --> 01:51:58,383
Move down the path,
694
01:51:58,384 --> 01:52:00,636
move down the path.
695
01:52:00,637 --> 01:52:04,299
♪ He don't still know ♪
696
01:52:04,300 --> 01:52:09,300
♪ Look in the mirror, go, let's go ♪
697
01:52:10,353 --> 01:52:15,103
♪ I'm the devil, devil, I know one thing ♪
698
01:52:42,469 --> 01:52:44,329
Reality isn't this thing in front of us
699
01:52:44,330 --> 01:52:47,109
on a proscenium stage, it's a mobile piece.
700
01:52:47,110 --> 01:52:52,110
We are creating technologies, then we are the technologies.
701
01:52:53,160 --> 01:52:56,379
Well, he was saying that culture's going
702
01:52:56,380 --> 01:52:58,308
a whole direction here and I think it's a dangerous
703
01:52:58,309 --> 01:53:02,112
direction and I will personally prevent it from going there.
704
01:53:04,690 --> 01:53:06,978
So those were good years and there was a lot
705
01:53:06,980 --> 01:53:11,980
to do and it's obvious what to do and all these different
706
01:53:12,910 --> 01:53:15,898
things had to fit together nicely, they had to work
707
01:53:15,900 --> 01:53:19,454
together, that was a lot of fun.
708
01:53:39,000 --> 01:53:40,568
It's an enigma, that's the best word
709
01:53:40,570 --> 01:53:43,129
I can come up with because everything that he did,
710
01:53:43,130 --> 01:53:46,693
he did experiments on and he wrote down very systematically.
711
01:53:47,680 --> 01:53:52,680
Nobody can control it, that's true, but it's not
712
01:53:53,960 --> 01:53:57,249
necessarily bad, it's an organic system,
713
01:53:57,250 --> 01:53:59,339
it's a distributed system.
714
01:53:59,340 --> 01:54:03,558
It's a system made of many tens and hundreds and millions
715
01:54:03,559 --> 01:54:08,503
of human beings, each one making his own decisions.
716
01:54:09,374 --> 01:54:14,374
And the uncontrollability is not necessarily bad.
717
01:54:15,600 --> 01:54:17,000
It makes things interesting.
56395
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