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The oceans are places of wonder.
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Blue Planet II showed us
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the beauty and extraordinary
behaviour of marine life
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whilst highlighting how fragile
and threatened our seas have become.
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Now, as Blue Planet Live
carries out a health check
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00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:21,260
on the world's oceans,
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we are staying closer to home.
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Our British seas are rich, varied
and key to our island heritage -
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but how are our lifestyles
affecting them?
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Whoa!
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We'll meet the unsung heroes
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dedicated to protecting our waters
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and the wildlife
that relies on them...
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If we don't look after nature,
nobody else will.
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..and celebrate the scientists
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striving for solutions
to the challenges.
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Whoa...
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Plus we'll meet the crabs
with a flair for style...
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They're dressing up as seaweed
as a means of camouflage. Yes.
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..and delve into our very own
deep sea coral reefs.
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This is the most important deep sea
coral, I think, in the whole world -
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and this is just off Scotland.
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So, dip into our UK waters
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and see them like
you've never seen them before.
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BOTH: Welcome to Blue Planet UK.
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Hello, I'm Gillian Burke,
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and I'm a biologist with
a passion for all things marine.
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I love exploring what lives
out there in the ocean.
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And I'm Steve Brown.
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I've grown up on the coast
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and I loved learning
about our relationship with it,
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from a kid collecting fossils
and shells,
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to now learning that what we wear
makes a difference to the fish.
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So, where are we today?
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Well, we've come to the beautiful
fishing village of St Abbs
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on the south-east coast of Scotland.
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Now, St Abbs is famous for
all sorts of things -
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it's famous for access
to beautiful, amazing dive sites
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just off the coast -
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but, Steve, did you know it's also
the unofficial capital
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for one of the world's ugliest fish?
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Well, I didn't know this at all.
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What sort of fish are
we talking about?
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Well, it's one of my favourites -
it's a wolf fish.
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I mean, they are incredible.
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They have rows of teeth, the front
teeth are sharp, conical teeth,
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and then behind that there's rows
upon rows of these grinding molars
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that they use to crush sea urchins
and shellfish.
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I think they're pretty cool.
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Most fish are pretty cool,
but that one itself, pretty ugly.
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I mean, look at it, there.
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It looks like a big overgrown eel.
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As much as I love what's
going on down there,
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I'm just as interested in
what's above the waterline.
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Looking out on the cliffs, as
a keen birder, I like looking out.
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I can see just behind us,
here, there is
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a cormorant finishing up its fishing
for the morning -
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and what a place to be, eh? It is.
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It's an absolutely stunning day -
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so, let's see what else is coming
up on today's show.
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We make a big splash
as Chris Packham meets an author
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who is passionate about us all
connecting to our British waters.
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There's a mammal in the sea -
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but it's not a dolphin or a whale,
it's a man.
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OK, go!
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We fly high behind the scenes
on Blue Planet Live
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when they're looking for whales.
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Flat, calm water.
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Really makes for lovely shots.
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I join in with some traditional
fishing off the Cornish coast...
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That's my first haul.
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..and there's an unexpected catch.
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The size of this is
absolutely phenomenal.
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And we uncover some of the secrets
hiding around our British coastline.
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Now, you'd have to be pretty unaware
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to not to notice that our attitude
towards single-use plastics
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has changed loads over the years.
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From being the answer
to almost everything,
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it's now the problem that won't
go away. Quite literally.
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It certainly is - and on
Blue Planet II we highlighted,
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a few times, the catastrophe
facing our marine life,
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and unfortunately, sadly,
down to us.
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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Just over 100 years ago,
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we invented a wonderful new material
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that could be moulded into
all kinds of shapes,
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and we took great trouble to ensure
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that it was hard-wearing, rot proof
and virtually indestructible.
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Now, every year, we dump around
8 million tonnes of it into the sea.
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Now, those images are powerful -
but since they were shown,
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I'm pleased to report that plastics
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have become a national
political talking point.
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Here on Blue Planet UK,
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we're looking at the many
inspirational stories
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of people who are making
a difference.
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Absolutely - and, to do just that,
I went down to Devon recently.
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When synthetic fishing nets reach
the end of their working lives,
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they're often lost or, even worse,
discarded out to sea.
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The problem is, the plastics
in them don't break down,
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and they cause biological
booby traps known as ghost nets.
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They hang in wait -
sometimes almost invisible,
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other times, mimicking vegetation -
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but always a hazard for sea life.
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Recreational diver Rob Thompson
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has been getting up close
and personal
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to British wildlife for years...
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..but he is continuously astounded
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by the devastation
that most nets can cause.
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They float in the open ocean snaring
or snagging on wrecks and reefs,
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killing marine life in its millions.
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Enough was enough for Rob.
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A few years ago,
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he pledged to retrieve as many
of the death traps as he could.
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Nowadays, when he is not collecting
plastic underwater, he's on it.
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Rob uses a kayak to access
plastic in those nooks and crannies
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which characterise our coastline,
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and, remarkably, his kayak itself
is made from recycled plastic -
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and a key ingredient
is ghost netting.
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So, Rob, ghost nets -
how long can they last?
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Here's one example of how long
they can potentially last.
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This is a ghost net which went down
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with the wreck of the Conqueror
in 1977.
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So, it had been
in the water for 40 years.
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It was a wreck just outside of
Mousehole down in Penzance,
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and it's got the full
brunt of the elements,
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through all of the winter
storms every year,
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and that has completely
demolished the wreck.
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The wreck, now,
is unrecognisable as a shipwreck.
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It's literally just
plates on the seabed,
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and yet, the net, still completely
recognisable, completely strong.
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It's designed to catch,
it's designed to be very strong,
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to entangle things
and not to be forgiving.
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In Cornwall, especially,
we have lots of grey seals,
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and they're regularly found
entangled in nets,
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because seals are naturally
inquisitive.
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They're a bit like dogs, really,
they want to interact,
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they want to play with things...
Yeah.
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..and they see a net drifting round,
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it's just another thing
to interact with.
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You see quite a lot of crustaceans
sort of tangled up,
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but what you find is that
as marine life goes into it,
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gets tangled, it then almost baits
that trap again... Yeah!
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..and then more stuff
comes in to feed on it,
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and that whole cycle continues.
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Is he still alive? Yeah. Yeah.
There's a lot of live ones.
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Rob started with a small team
of people to retrieve ghost nets
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and help trapped animals...
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..but just organising clean-ups
wasn't enough.
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He was looking for the next step -
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harnessing the positive potential
of these super-strong nets.
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You've got a resource, there,
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very high-grade material
that can be reused and repurposed.
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For me, the eureka moment was that
black bag photo at the end,
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where you've got
all your black bags lined up,
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and the kayak was physically sat
there next to it,
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and I thought, that's it,
that's what I want to do,
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actually make the kayaks
out of the plastic we're gathering,
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and then that could be used to go
back out on the water
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and recover more marine plastics.
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Rob sends his recovered plastics
to a company in Denmark,
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where they process it into pellets
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and send them back to a factory
in Somerset.
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Here, Paul Robertson oversees
the process
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of turning the pellets
into Rob's kayaks.
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He'd had an idea,
he'd seen it through,
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followed a process and come up
with the finished goods,
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and he called me up and says,
"Do you want to test it?"
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and it was like, "Er, let me
think for a second. Yes."
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It's a bit like baking a cake.
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With a mould, get it
into the oven...
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..just about 300 degrees Celsius,
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cooks for about 40 minutes,
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cool it down steadily,
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out comes a finished, solid kayak,
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which we then check over
and add some fittings,
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some seats and bits and pieces,
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and pretty much goes out
on the water, and people paddle it.
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It seems simple,
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but developing the right formula
took Rob months to perfect.
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Back in Plymouth, I'm going
to put one to the test.
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Argh!
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And we're in.
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Whoa!
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We're setting off from the
Mountbatten Centre on the docks,
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which is surrounded by areas
of natural beauty -
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but also heavily populated,
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sadly making it the perfect place
to hunt for plastic.
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So, what do I do
if I see any plastic?
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Just literally try and get hold of
it and hoick it into your boat.
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Eat my wake.
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I can't believe you call this a job!
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Whoa!
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It's been a long time since I've
been on the water like this,
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and although we're
paddling for plastic,
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it's not a bad way to spend the day.
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Enjoyment aside, it doesn't take us
long to find a man-made mess.
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Lots of different types of plastic
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that's washed up along
the breakwater,
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from rubber tyres to bits of rope...
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Looks like there's some kind of
traffic cone over there, as well.
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00:10:20,220 --> 00:10:22,020
Yeah, there is
a traffic cone up there!
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But it's funny, isn't it,
because on first glance,
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you can see the tide line,
because of the wood in it,
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but it doesn't take much to start
spotting the different colours
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of the rubbish amongst it.
It doesn't.
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You could easily be working in
one of the buildings above
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and have no idea of the rubbish
lodged into the rocks below -
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which is why the kayaks provide
such a unique viewpoint.
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Well, there's more than you think,
isn't there?
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It is absolutely strewn along here.
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How many canoes have you got up
there, do you reckon? A couple!
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I can't believe how much plastic
Rob has retrieved.
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00:11:02,740 --> 00:11:04,100
Including traffic cones.
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So, that was maybe 10 square metres
in five minutes... Yeah.
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..and you've got a kayak full of it.
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That illustrates
how it doesn't really
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00:11:16,100 --> 00:11:20,100
have to eat into your day that much.
Couple of minutes' work.
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00:11:20,100 --> 00:11:22,020
Yeah, it's good fun,
scrabbling around rocks.
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Who could object to doing that?
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And do some good.
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00:11:26,220 --> 00:11:29,060
It's about going out kayaking,
and whilst you're there,
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00:11:29,060 --> 00:11:30,900
pick up some rubbish, if you see it.
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00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:33,420
Yeah, definitely - and it didn't
seem like so much of a chore,
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and if everyone did that
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during their normal
recreational activities,
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they'd have a fantastic
cumulative effect.
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00:11:44,860 --> 00:11:48,460
Now, that is inspiring -
and incredible to think
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00:11:48,460 --> 00:11:51,700
that all this plastic waste
turns into a kayak
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00:11:51,700 --> 00:11:55,020
that you can use to go out there
and collect more plastic waste.
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I think that's brilliant.
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00:11:56,300 --> 00:11:58,180
Now, joining me today
is Calum Duncan
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00:11:58,180 --> 00:11:59,940
from the
Marine Conservation Society.
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00:11:59,940 --> 00:12:02,940
Calum, tell me,
the Blue Planet effect -
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00:12:02,940 --> 00:12:05,060
have you,
as a marine conservationist,
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00:12:05,060 --> 00:12:07,740
noticed a big change
since Blue Planet II came out?
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00:12:07,740 --> 00:12:08,860
Absolutely.
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00:12:08,860 --> 00:12:13,180
We've been running our Great British
Beach Clean for 25 years now,
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00:12:13,180 --> 00:12:16,700
but last year was the biggest ever
event that we've had.
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00:12:18,420 --> 00:12:21,980
We had the biggest ever in Scotland,
we had 135 beaches,
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00:12:21,980 --> 00:12:24,780
many thousands of people
taking part.
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More and more people just want
to get engaged,
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00:12:27,260 --> 00:12:30,100
they want to do their bit, they want
to help stop this plastic tide,
242
00:12:30,100 --> 00:12:33,300
so we are very grateful
for the awareness
243
00:12:33,300 --> 00:12:35,020
that this programme has brought.
244
00:12:37,460 --> 00:12:40,140
Now, beach cleaners are a great
way for people to get involved,
245
00:12:40,140 --> 00:12:41,620
to help to make a difference.
246
00:12:41,620 --> 00:12:42,780
What other work, though,
247
00:12:42,780 --> 00:12:45,500
what other things are MCS
doing to get people involved?
248
00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:47,980
Were also asking people to report
sightings of wildlife
249
00:12:47,980 --> 00:12:51,660
such as basking sharks, turtles and
jellyfish, which everybody can do.
250
00:12:51,660 --> 00:12:54,300
For those who dive, we've also got
a project could Seasearch,
251
00:12:54,300 --> 00:12:57,380
and we've been very active
here at St Abbs over the years,
252
00:12:57,380 --> 00:13:00,380
and we've also been making films
to celebrate the connections
253
00:13:00,380 --> 00:13:04,380
the people living round the sea
have with the sea.
254
00:13:04,380 --> 00:13:06,060
Everybody is connected to the sea,
255
00:13:06,060 --> 00:13:09,540
every second breath we take includes
oxygen from the ocean.
256
00:13:11,220 --> 00:13:14,260
It's all about celebrating
what an amazing resource
257
00:13:14,260 --> 00:13:16,860
and fantastic environment
the ocean is.
258
00:13:16,860 --> 00:13:19,300
Well, that's incredible,
and I believe this film -
259
00:13:19,300 --> 00:13:21,340
some of it, at least -
has been filmed right here.
260
00:13:21,340 --> 00:13:22,460
So, let's take a look.
261
00:13:33,060 --> 00:13:37,380
I believe in that lifelong learning,
keep learning, keep the brain going,
262
00:13:37,380 --> 00:13:40,460
and whenever you go diving,
you see something different.
263
00:13:40,460 --> 00:13:43,460
Every time, you know,
all the years I've been diving,
264
00:13:43,460 --> 00:13:45,780
I still see things that
I haven't seen before.
265
00:13:47,500 --> 00:13:49,820
You never know what's
going to come up.
266
00:13:49,820 --> 00:13:53,180
You know, the last couple of years,
we've been seeing pods of dolphins
267
00:13:53,180 --> 00:13:55,060
along the coast here,
which is beautiful.
268
00:13:55,060 --> 00:13:57,220
You never know
if you're going to see them or not,
269
00:13:57,220 --> 00:14:00,900
so it's a little bit of anticipation
of what excitement there might be.
270
00:14:15,540 --> 00:14:18,140
Calum, you've been doing this work,
marine conservation work,
271
00:14:18,140 --> 00:14:19,340
for almost two decades.
272
00:14:19,340 --> 00:14:20,940
How do you feel, now,
273
00:14:20,940 --> 00:14:23,820
about marine conservation
and the future of marine life here?
274
00:14:23,820 --> 00:14:25,620
There's been a huge
increase in awareness,
275
00:14:25,620 --> 00:14:27,940
there's been an increase in people
getting involved,
276
00:14:27,940 --> 00:14:31,700
being part of the solution,
so, everybody's getting more aware,
277
00:14:31,700 --> 00:14:36,340
and we need to take that awareness
and change it into action,
278
00:14:36,340 --> 00:14:38,500
and that's where the people
who are getting
279
00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:41,220
involved in our projects,
they're the ones showing leadership
280
00:14:41,220 --> 00:14:44,300
through our beach projects,
through wildlife sightings,
281
00:14:44,300 --> 00:14:47,420
through diving, but what
we need now is real leadership
282
00:14:47,420 --> 00:14:48,940
from government and industry
283
00:14:48,940 --> 00:14:51,220
to match that ambition
shown by the people.
284
00:14:51,220 --> 00:14:55,060
I couldn't agree more with that.
Thank you so much. Steve.
285
00:14:57,580 --> 00:14:59,940
Some whales
and dolphins can be seen here
286
00:14:59,940 --> 00:15:03,500
off the coast in St Abbs,
but an absolute hot spot for them
287
00:15:03,500 --> 00:15:08,100
this time of year is Baja California
in Mexico, where Chris Packham
288
00:15:08,100 --> 00:15:11,740
is reporting for Blue Planet Live
all this week -
289
00:15:11,740 --> 00:15:13,420
and everyone that knows Chris
290
00:15:13,420 --> 00:15:16,380
knows how passionate he is
about British wildlife,
291
00:15:16,380 --> 00:15:19,940
so, before he left, he spent some
time down on the south coast,
292
00:15:19,940 --> 00:15:21,940
where he lives, with some people
293
00:15:21,940 --> 00:15:24,420
that want to champion our
British seas.
294
00:15:29,180 --> 00:15:30,220
Oh, goodness me.
295
00:15:31,220 --> 00:15:32,260
Oh, my goodness.
296
00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:35,340
There's a mammal in the sea -
297
00:15:35,340 --> 00:15:38,500
but it's not a dolphin or a whale,
it's a man.
298
00:15:38,500 --> 00:15:39,540
Philip Hoare.
299
00:15:43,100 --> 00:15:45,620
He is an author,
and he is passionate about animals
300
00:15:45,620 --> 00:15:48,740
that should be in the sea
on a freezing cold day like this.
301
00:15:48,740 --> 00:15:50,140
Those whales and dolphins.
302
00:15:51,660 --> 00:15:55,020
Thank you! It's a real pleasure
to meet you. And you!
303
00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:58,020
But before your metabolism
shuts down, let's get out of here
304
00:15:58,020 --> 00:15:59,260
and into that warm cafe.
305
00:15:59,260 --> 00:16:02,260
Fantastic! Quick, get dry.
Philip, get dry.
306
00:16:05,260 --> 00:16:06,620
Philip's love of the sea
307
00:16:06,620 --> 00:16:09,060
is beautifully described
in his writing.
308
00:16:10,580 --> 00:16:14,220
Philip, two questions that
I have to ask you immediately
309
00:16:14,220 --> 00:16:18,780
whilst you're supping your warm tea
is, firstly, why do you do that,
310
00:16:18,780 --> 00:16:22,180
and secondly, metabolically,
how do you do that?
311
00:16:22,180 --> 00:16:26,500
Why I do it -
I think I'm making up for lost time.
312
00:16:26,500 --> 00:16:28,860
I grew up in Southampton, like you,
313
00:16:28,860 --> 00:16:33,540
but I had this absolute
deep-seated fear of the sea.
314
00:16:33,540 --> 00:16:36,420
I mean, it just scared me so deeply.
315
00:16:36,420 --> 00:16:38,780
I didn't learn to swim
until I was 29.
316
00:16:38,780 --> 00:16:40,940
I was living in the East End
of Hackney
317
00:16:40,940 --> 00:16:43,340
and I realise that I just
felt really inept
318
00:16:43,340 --> 00:16:45,060
in my relationship to the...
319
00:16:46,100 --> 00:16:49,860
..you know, that great big thing,
the biggest thing on our planet.
320
00:16:49,860 --> 00:16:51,540
I mean, that is the wild world,
321
00:16:51,540 --> 00:16:56,060
and just by one step you could be
somewhere which is completely wild -
322
00:16:56,060 --> 00:17:00,220
and I think that is one
of the reasons why I love swimming.
323
00:17:00,220 --> 00:17:02,060
You don't like calling it
wild swimming.
324
00:17:02,060 --> 00:17:03,380
No. Why is that?
325
00:17:03,380 --> 00:17:07,100
Because I think that's a very
middle class, commodified...
326
00:17:07,100 --> 00:17:09,700
You know, "We've suddenly
discovered swimming."
327
00:17:09,700 --> 00:17:11,180
I do it, very often, in the dark -
328
00:17:11,180 --> 00:17:14,100
I did it this morning,
actually, at 2am, in the dark. 2am?
329
00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:17,620
Yeah. You went into the sea...
Yeah. ..at 2am? Yeah.
330
00:17:20,180 --> 00:17:23,180
It's a strange compulsion, isn't it?
Do you feel better for it?
331
00:17:23,180 --> 00:17:26,580
I absolutely do. Actually...
Physically? I absolutely do -
332
00:17:26,580 --> 00:17:29,980
and, for me, that's the great
sort of thing about the water,
333
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:33,060
is that, briefly,
I can be like a whale, or a dolphin.
334
00:17:33,060 --> 00:17:36,740
Is difficult to say, Philip,
that anyone animal, organism,
335
00:17:36,740 --> 00:17:39,180
is more important than any others,
336
00:17:39,180 --> 00:17:42,140
but whales are important for
so many reasons -
337
00:17:42,140 --> 00:17:44,700
the things you've written about.
338
00:17:44,700 --> 00:17:47,620
Yeah, because they are us.
They are very like us.
339
00:17:47,620 --> 00:17:50,060
The social structure,
the communication.
340
00:17:50,060 --> 00:17:52,020
In your book here, Leviathan,
you've said,
341
00:17:52,020 --> 00:17:54,140
"It's becoming clear that whales
and dolphins
342
00:17:54,140 --> 00:17:56,980
"have brains matched only by
the higher primates and humans,
343
00:17:56,980 --> 00:17:59,500
"with whom they share the same
convoluted neocortex
344
00:17:59,500 --> 00:18:02,220
"part of the brain, the
characteristic wrinkles and whirls
345
00:18:02,220 --> 00:18:03,660
"on that top layer of the organ,
346
00:18:03,660 --> 00:18:06,460
"and which indicate exceptional
intelligence.
347
00:18:06,460 --> 00:18:09,940
"Studies show that cetaceans can
solve problems, use tools,
348
00:18:09,940 --> 00:18:13,420
"exhibit joy and grief,
live in complex societies -
349
00:18:13,420 --> 00:18:16,260
"but, not only that,
they pass on these abilities
350
00:18:16,260 --> 00:18:19,180
"in cultural transmission."
351
00:18:19,180 --> 00:18:22,220
There is another couple of things
I'd like to quote from your book.
352
00:18:22,220 --> 00:18:24,340
This is the thing,
I marked this page when I read it,
353
00:18:24,340 --> 00:18:25,980
because it was terrifying to me.
354
00:18:25,980 --> 00:18:29,380
You were talking about the hunting
of sperm whales,
355
00:18:29,380 --> 00:18:32,180
and you write here that between
1964 and '74,
356
00:18:32,180 --> 00:18:34,980
they managed to kill
a quarter of a million animals.
357
00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:39,020
"It was as if, in advance of the end
they knew that must come,
358
00:18:39,020 --> 00:18:42,060
"they exerted themselves
all the more in the effort."
359
00:18:42,060 --> 00:18:44,020
That was going on in our lifetime!
360
00:18:44,020 --> 00:18:48,500
That's right - and there were ships
coming up from the South Atlantic
361
00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:52,260
laden with whale fat,
which became margarine.
362
00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:55,180
You and I probably ate margarine
with whale blubber in it.
363
00:18:55,180 --> 00:18:56,500
Um...
364
00:18:56,500 --> 00:18:58,820
You know, your mother...
It's astonishing, isn't it?
365
00:18:58,820 --> 00:19:02,540
Yeah, no, it's astonishing -
but we stopped killing them in 1983.
366
00:19:02,540 --> 00:19:06,380
Generally, most people stopped
killing great whales.
367
00:19:06,380 --> 00:19:08,700
That's an amazing thing
that we human beings did.
368
00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:12,820
In order to, you know,
continue that,
369
00:19:12,820 --> 00:19:15,260
so that people can cherish
not just whales
370
00:19:15,260 --> 00:19:17,580
but everything else that
lives in the ocean,
371
00:19:17,580 --> 00:19:21,460
and the oceans themselves,
we've got to connect people to it.
372
00:19:21,460 --> 00:19:22,940
How do we do it?
373
00:19:22,940 --> 00:19:25,620
I think, you know, physically,
you go back to it, you know?
374
00:19:25,620 --> 00:19:26,740
You go swimming, you mean?
375
00:19:26,740 --> 00:19:29,900
I would say so.
You're trying to get me...
376
00:19:29,900 --> 00:19:32,740
You're trying to get me in...
You need to get in there, Chris!
377
00:19:32,740 --> 00:19:34,860
Get your kit off.
378
00:19:34,860 --> 00:19:36,300
Into the water.
379
00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:39,540
Let that big, white,
surging, monstrous animal
380
00:19:39,540 --> 00:19:42,180
engulf you in its embrace.
381
00:19:42,180 --> 00:19:43,540
I'm not sure.
382
00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:46,260
There's nothing wrong with
British waters - I love the colour,
383
00:19:46,260 --> 00:19:50,260
the colour's amazing, it's just...
it's just the temperature.
384
00:19:50,260 --> 00:19:51,460
I don't blame you.
385
00:19:55,060 --> 00:19:57,300
If you've been inspired to take
a plunge in the sea,
386
00:19:57,300 --> 00:20:01,460
then please do visit our website
for advice on how to swim safely.
387
00:20:05,620 --> 00:20:08,660
You know, it's so true that
although this is an island nation,
388
00:20:08,660 --> 00:20:10,700
so many of us
don't feel connected to the sea.
389
00:20:10,700 --> 00:20:13,060
No, there's a lot of us
that have got no connection at all.
390
00:20:13,060 --> 00:20:16,940
Now, whilst Chris is abroad
reporting for Blue Planet Live,
391
00:20:16,940 --> 00:20:19,460
we've been given access
to some extraordinary
392
00:20:19,460 --> 00:20:21,340
behind-the-scenes footage.
393
00:20:21,340 --> 00:20:24,500
You might remember during
Blue Planet II there was a moment
394
00:20:24,500 --> 00:20:27,300
when the team managed to get
a camera onto a sperm whale.
395
00:20:29,340 --> 00:20:31,780
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: Sperm whales
don't wait for their prey
396
00:20:31,780 --> 00:20:33,820
to rise to the surface,
397
00:20:33,820 --> 00:20:37,460
they swim down into
the depths to find it.
398
00:20:53,820 --> 00:20:57,420
The calf sticks to its mother
as closely as it can...
399
00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:01,020
..touching her frequently...
400
00:21:03,500 --> 00:21:05,220
..as if for reassurance.
401
00:21:17,220 --> 00:21:20,740
The Blue Planet Live team returned
to film those sperm whales,
402
00:21:20,740 --> 00:21:22,740
and one of the shots
they wanted to get
403
00:21:22,740 --> 00:21:26,060
was to show the size of the sperm
whale in relation to the boat.
404
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:27,540
This is what happened.
405
00:21:41,180 --> 00:21:45,220
So, I am just preparing my drone
to fly over the water here.
406
00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:47,940
The drones really have become
a completely essential
407
00:21:47,940 --> 00:21:51,740
part of the film-making experience
now, particularly of marine mammals
408
00:21:51,740 --> 00:21:54,580
that spend only a portion of
their time at the surface.
409
00:21:54,580 --> 00:21:57,060
To be able to get them
at the surface from above them
410
00:21:57,060 --> 00:21:58,860
is an amazing vantage point.
411
00:22:00,900 --> 00:22:03,260
The team are attempting to film
sperm whales,
412
00:22:03,260 --> 00:22:05,820
which spend most of their time
underwater...
413
00:22:06,940 --> 00:22:08,700
..but briefly surface to breathe.
414
00:22:11,620 --> 00:22:13,820
To have any chance of
getting the shot,
415
00:22:13,820 --> 00:22:16,740
the drone needs to be in the air,
waiting.
416
00:22:16,740 --> 00:22:19,220
OK, go!
417
00:22:19,220 --> 00:22:21,420
OK, where are they?
418
00:22:25,740 --> 00:22:30,780
Launching from the water is
making me a bit more nervous,
419
00:22:30,780 --> 00:22:33,540
because obviously Mark is fantastic,
kind of, like, guiding
420
00:22:33,540 --> 00:22:35,140
the drone into your hands and stuff,
421
00:22:35,140 --> 00:22:38,180
but if one wave moves or something
like that, and something knocks,
422
00:22:38,180 --> 00:22:41,580
then you could end up hitting the
drone, or else just not catching it.
423
00:22:41,580 --> 00:22:43,460
It's a real risk to losing it
altogether,
424
00:22:43,460 --> 00:22:46,500
and it's not like we're recording
footage directly from the drone
425
00:22:46,500 --> 00:22:48,540
onto something else -
if that drone goes down,
426
00:22:48,540 --> 00:22:51,220
everything that we've shot on
that card goes with it.
427
00:22:53,100 --> 00:22:55,140
So, it's a lot of tension.
428
00:22:55,140 --> 00:22:56,820
The whales break the surface.
429
00:22:59,980 --> 00:23:01,620
The whale's gone.
430
00:23:01,620 --> 00:23:04,300
So, first attempt at trying
to get a two shot
431
00:23:04,300 --> 00:23:09,940
of a sperm whale at the surface
and our boat was half successful.
432
00:23:09,940 --> 00:23:11,660
I was able to get in position,
433
00:23:11,660 --> 00:23:14,620
but the horizon on the drone
was a bit out,
434
00:23:14,620 --> 00:23:18,420
so I just had to adjust for that,
and by the time that had finished,
435
00:23:18,420 --> 00:23:21,260
then the whale had just got
the last of its dive.
436
00:23:21,260 --> 00:23:23,540
But I think it's just
a shallow dive,
437
00:23:23,540 --> 00:23:25,660
so it should actually be at
the surface again
438
00:23:25,660 --> 00:23:27,860
in the not-too-distant future.
439
00:23:30,020 --> 00:23:31,100
The team are in luck.
440
00:23:32,860 --> 00:23:36,980
OK, so, they did indeed
go for a shallow dive,
441
00:23:36,980 --> 00:23:40,900
and it's basically a family
of sperm whales at the surface,
442
00:23:40,900 --> 00:23:44,940
two adults and a calf,
and Shane's boat, that I'm filming,
443
00:23:44,940 --> 00:23:48,980
is following them -
at a nice safe distance, of course.
444
00:23:48,980 --> 00:23:50,740
So, I'm just trying to get ahead
445
00:23:50,740 --> 00:23:53,420
and get some nice shots of them
at the surface.
446
00:24:02,620 --> 00:24:04,460
Oh, it's so wonderful to see
these whales.
447
00:24:04,460 --> 00:24:06,380
They haven't been
seen for a couple of days,
448
00:24:06,380 --> 00:24:09,260
So, really glad that
they're back with us today,
449
00:24:09,260 --> 00:24:13,780
and the conditions are wonderful.
Really flat, calm water.
450
00:24:13,780 --> 00:24:15,660
Really makes for lovely shots.
451
00:24:17,900 --> 00:24:21,620
One of the reasons we want to get
a two shot of the whale and the boat
452
00:24:21,620 --> 00:24:24,340
is just to show the scale of them.
They are huge animals.
453
00:24:24,340 --> 00:24:26,100
I'm just trying to make
the most of it.
454
00:24:26,100 --> 00:24:27,940
This might be our only opportunity.
455
00:24:33,860 --> 00:24:36,420
A low battery warning has just
popped up on my drone,
456
00:24:36,420 --> 00:24:38,140
so, even though I got really excited
457
00:24:38,140 --> 00:24:40,220
that I've captured all this
lovely footage,
458
00:24:40,220 --> 00:24:43,420
it's going to mean nothing if
I don't get this drawn back,
459
00:24:43,420 --> 00:24:46,140
so, yeah, going to have
to really concentrate now
460
00:24:46,140 --> 00:24:48,540
and just make sure we get
a safe landing
461
00:24:48,540 --> 00:24:51,060
and bring this drone
and the car at home.
462
00:24:52,060 --> 00:24:57,340
It's a nail-biting moment, but the
retrieval of the drone as a success.
463
00:24:57,340 --> 00:24:59,660
Phew!
464
00:24:59,660 --> 00:25:00,860
Well done.
465
00:25:00,860 --> 00:25:03,540
High five. Always...
Squeaky bum time. Always a relief.
466
00:25:03,540 --> 00:25:05,660
Well done. Oh, my God.
467
00:25:05,660 --> 00:25:07,540
OK, great. That's excellent.
468
00:25:10,700 --> 00:25:12,500
Just as we were running out of time,
469
00:25:12,500 --> 00:25:15,540
pretty much the last chance we had
before this boat's got to go,
470
00:25:15,540 --> 00:25:18,620
and the last of the drone batteries,
we got our shot.
471
00:25:25,260 --> 00:25:29,620
What an amazing shot that was -
that really paid off.
472
00:25:29,620 --> 00:25:31,220
We have a drone up there, too...
473
00:25:32,340 --> 00:25:34,660
..and a lifeboat heading out -
474
00:25:34,660 --> 00:25:36,580
and that's what
drones are really useful for.
475
00:25:36,580 --> 00:25:39,340
You get these incredible shots,
incredible perspective,
476
00:25:39,340 --> 00:25:41,180
as we're doing
this morning over here,
477
00:25:41,180 --> 00:25:42,940
but they're not just
useful for filming.
478
00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:45,140
They're useful for science
and research,
479
00:25:45,140 --> 00:25:48,460
as Mike Dilger found out when he
went to West Wales for The One Show.
480
00:25:54,060 --> 00:25:58,460
I've come to Cardigan Bay to look
for the UK's most sociable animals -
481
00:25:58,460 --> 00:26:02,220
but to find them, I'm going
to have to head out there,
482
00:26:02,220 --> 00:26:04,540
because I'm after
bottlenose dolphins.
483
00:26:07,220 --> 00:26:09,820
Katrin Lohrengel
from the Sea Watch Foundation
484
00:26:09,820 --> 00:26:13,620
has been studying these
dolphins for three years.
485
00:26:13,620 --> 00:26:15,620
Until recently, dolphin behaviour
486
00:26:15,620 --> 00:26:18,060
could only be observed
from the boat -
487
00:26:18,060 --> 00:26:22,380
but now drone technology is
giving a fresh perspective.
488
00:26:22,380 --> 00:26:24,940
By getting aerial shots
of the dolphins
489
00:26:24,940 --> 00:26:27,460
we can get a bit more information
490
00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:29,340
on how they're interacting
with each other.
491
00:26:29,340 --> 00:26:31,260
We can see better with the drone,
really,
492
00:26:31,260 --> 00:26:33,580
because we have a better
view of them.
493
00:26:33,580 --> 00:26:35,420
It can approach them quite closely
494
00:26:35,420 --> 00:26:37,460
without causing
a lot of disturbance.
495
00:26:37,460 --> 00:26:39,100
Also, if we see them from above,
496
00:26:39,100 --> 00:26:41,620
often you can see deeper
into the water,
497
00:26:41,620 --> 00:26:44,940
so you're able to get
a definite count of the animals.
498
00:26:44,940 --> 00:26:47,740
So, it's an exciting time,
being a researcher on dolphins.
499
00:26:47,740 --> 00:26:49,380
Yes, definitely.
500
00:26:49,380 --> 00:26:53,660
Drones surveying of marine mammals
is still in its infancy in the UK,
501
00:26:53,660 --> 00:26:55,180
and can only be conducted
502
00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:57,860
by certified researchers
with a licence.
503
00:26:57,860 --> 00:27:00,980
And what they find
will help us understand
504
00:27:00,980 --> 00:27:05,860
how and why dolphins socialise -
but first, we need to find some.
505
00:27:06,860 --> 00:27:08,220
At this time of year,
506
00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:11,620
bottlenose dolphin numbers
are at their peak in the bay,
507
00:27:11,620 --> 00:27:15,340
and Katrin is taking us
to some known hot spots.
508
00:27:15,340 --> 00:27:18,220
It isn't long before we glimpse
some in the distance.
509
00:27:18,220 --> 00:27:19,540
Ohh!
510
00:27:19,540 --> 00:27:23,980
Lovely hook fin,
beautiful black-grey back -
511
00:27:23,980 --> 00:27:26,580
that's a bottlenose.
512
00:27:26,580 --> 00:27:29,940
Due to the extra blubber
needed to keep warm in UK seas,
513
00:27:29,940 --> 00:27:32,660
these dolphins are some of
the largest in the world,
514
00:27:32,660 --> 00:27:35,460
reaching an impressive 4m in length.
515
00:27:41,940 --> 00:27:43,740
Bottlenose dolphin.
516
00:27:47,220 --> 00:27:49,100
Oh-ho-ho!
517
00:27:49,100 --> 00:27:52,860
That was probably 2m,
leaping out of the water.
518
00:27:52,860 --> 00:27:54,580
Brilliant.
519
00:27:54,580 --> 00:27:59,300
With the survey complete, it's time
for us to look at the footage.
520
00:27:59,300 --> 00:28:02,660
Really clear shots of dolphins...
Yeah. ..from above, into the water.
521
00:28:02,660 --> 00:28:06,020
Yeah, it really shows that the views
that we get from above
522
00:28:06,020 --> 00:28:09,780
can be a lot clearer than what we
would see sort of from eye level.
523
00:28:09,780 --> 00:28:12,220
Traditionally, researchers
assumed that dolphins
524
00:28:12,220 --> 00:28:13,820
hung out in family groups,
525
00:28:13,820 --> 00:28:17,380
but the drones show
that isn't always the case.
526
00:28:17,380 --> 00:28:21,700
What we think is happening
here in Cardigan Bay at the moment
527
00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:24,580
is that we have mainly females
spending time together.
528
00:28:24,580 --> 00:28:27,100
So, females and calves,
and then males and males,
529
00:28:27,100 --> 00:28:30,500
so animals of the same gender
and age tend to stick together,
530
00:28:30,500 --> 00:28:33,380
and particularly females with calves
will hang out together,
531
00:28:33,380 --> 00:28:36,500
because they often babysit
each other's calves for each other.
532
00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:37,940
Look at this, here!
533
00:28:37,940 --> 00:28:41,260
I mean, these dolphins are touching,
they're quite close together. Yeah.
534
00:28:41,260 --> 00:28:42,380
What's going on?
535
00:28:42,380 --> 00:28:44,620
So, this is probably a slightly
sexual interaction.
536
00:28:44,620 --> 00:28:48,420
So, we have one of the dolphins
coming up underneath the other one,
537
00:28:48,420 --> 00:28:51,220
and sort of nudging
the other animal's belly...
538
00:28:51,220 --> 00:28:53,940
So, a male, an over-amorous male
with a female?
539
00:28:53,940 --> 00:28:56,020
Not necessarily female,
to be honest.
540
00:28:56,020 --> 00:28:58,860
They do interact with members
of the same sex that way, as well,
541
00:28:58,860 --> 00:29:00,340
particularly males.
542
00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:04,060
The tend to touch each other a lot
with their pectoral fins, and...
543
00:29:04,060 --> 00:29:07,380
Quite tactile. Yeah, they're very
tactile when they're socialising.
544
00:29:07,380 --> 00:29:10,500
Today's drone survey has shown
two dolphins
545
00:29:10,500 --> 00:29:14,780
that Katrin's very familiar with
in a completely new light.
546
00:29:14,780 --> 00:29:17,940
We've not, that I know of, seen them
together in a group before,
547
00:29:17,940 --> 00:29:19,500
so that's quite interesting.
548
00:29:19,500 --> 00:29:22,900
Start of something exciting.
Yes, definitely.
549
00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:24,460
The drone is also important
550
00:29:24,460 --> 00:29:27,580
in assessing the health
of individual dolphins.
551
00:29:27,580 --> 00:29:30,580
Using the footage,
they can accurately measure
552
00:29:30,580 --> 00:29:35,380
whether they're healthy, or indeed
pregnant, without disturbing them.
553
00:29:35,380 --> 00:29:37,900
We are only just scratching
the surface
554
00:29:37,900 --> 00:29:41,340
in terms of our understanding
of these mercurial animals -
555
00:29:41,340 --> 00:29:44,900
but hopefully the drone
research is a game changer
556
00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:47,580
and is going to grant us
brand-new insights
557
00:29:47,580 --> 00:29:51,220
into the complex social lives
of these dolphins.
558
00:29:54,900 --> 00:29:58,660
Technology really is helping us
understand our marine biology,
559
00:29:58,660 --> 00:30:01,620
and even here, we've got it today
in St Abbs.
560
00:30:01,620 --> 00:30:05,020
Mario, what is that piece of kit
you've got there?
561
00:30:05,020 --> 00:30:08,300
Yeah, this is a 360
underwater camera.
562
00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:11,020
We've got three cameras,
so when you take this underwater,
563
00:30:11,020 --> 00:30:13,260
you will be able to see
every single direction,
564
00:30:13,260 --> 00:30:16,420
and because St Abbs is such
an incredible place to dive,
565
00:30:16,420 --> 00:30:17,860
we want to take this out there
566
00:30:17,860 --> 00:30:21,500
and show people the amazing marine
life you can see out there.
567
00:30:21,500 --> 00:30:23,580
Well, talking of amazing
marine life,
568
00:30:23,580 --> 00:30:25,220
what we do have is some footage
569
00:30:25,220 --> 00:30:27,900
of some of the stuff that
is just out here behind us.
570
00:30:30,620 --> 00:30:32,260
Now, this, here, is an anemone.
571
00:30:32,260 --> 00:30:34,340
It's really hard to tell
what it is,
572
00:30:34,340 --> 00:30:38,340
but as it spits the starfish out -
it was obviously not to its taste -
573
00:30:38,340 --> 00:30:40,180
you can see that's
a dahlia anemone...
574
00:30:42,660 --> 00:30:45,980
..and there's other creatures.
I mean, it really is a busy seabed.
575
00:30:45,980 --> 00:30:48,620
This is carpeted with
brittle stars -
576
00:30:48,620 --> 00:30:50,540
but check this,
they get out of the way,
577
00:30:50,540 --> 00:30:52,660
because that is
a predatory starfish.
578
00:30:55,940 --> 00:30:59,060
This is an extraordinary footage -
and that's the kind of thing
579
00:30:59,060 --> 00:31:01,940
you're trying to capture with that,
isn't it? Yeah, exactly.
580
00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:06,100
We are going to take this through
all the best dive sites around here,
581
00:31:06,100 --> 00:31:08,340
so, through tunnels into sea caves,
582
00:31:08,340 --> 00:31:10,980
and really try to capture some
of the amazing life around here.
583
00:31:10,980 --> 00:31:15,500
And I suppose it is about making it
accessible to everybody.
584
00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:16,740
Yeah, exactly.
585
00:31:16,740 --> 00:31:19,740
That is one of our key goals
at the voluntary marine reserve.
586
00:31:19,740 --> 00:31:23,860
It's going to be accessible
on the virtual reality headsets,
587
00:31:23,860 --> 00:31:27,780
so even if you don't want to dive,
you're too scared to drive,
588
00:31:27,780 --> 00:31:31,620
you think you're too old, you'll be
able to go diving out here, as well.
589
00:31:31,620 --> 00:31:35,700
And at home with a cup of tea.
Exactly, yeah. Oh, can you imagine?
590
00:31:35,700 --> 00:31:39,500
A whole world opening up -
and that's life on the seabed,
591
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:42,340
and there's another creature
that makes its home in the seabed,
592
00:31:42,340 --> 00:31:45,420
but its numbers have not been
so prevalent lately,
593
00:31:45,420 --> 00:31:46,940
and that is oysters.
594
00:31:46,940 --> 00:31:50,860
George McGavin from The One Show
has gone out to find how whisky...
595
00:31:50,860 --> 00:31:53,300
Whisky?! Yes, whisky -
is giving it a boost.
596
00:31:56,300 --> 00:32:00,020
The Dornoch Firth on
the north-east coast of Scotland.
597
00:32:00,020 --> 00:32:02,500
It's something of a hidden gem -
598
00:32:02,500 --> 00:32:05,940
a place of outstanding
natural beauty.
599
00:32:05,940 --> 00:32:08,020
And a sanctuary for
rare wildlife.
600
00:32:09,500 --> 00:32:11,700
But there is an animal
that's missing...
601
00:32:12,700 --> 00:32:15,220
..a vital part of this
precious habitat,
602
00:32:15,220 --> 00:32:17,620
that vanished over 100 years ago.
603
00:32:19,300 --> 00:32:22,900
Bill Sanderson from Edinburgh's
Heriot-Watt University
604
00:32:22,900 --> 00:32:26,540
has a fascination with this
missing creature.
605
00:32:26,540 --> 00:32:29,340
Now, the first thing that is
really obvious here
606
00:32:29,340 --> 00:32:31,260
is that we've got lots of these.
607
00:32:31,260 --> 00:32:32,500
What have we got here?
608
00:32:32,500 --> 00:32:36,180
Yeah, these are the European flat
oysters. How old do you think it is?
609
00:32:36,180 --> 00:32:40,300
Well, it's impossible to tell,
really, but I have got one here -
610
00:32:40,300 --> 00:32:43,300
this one came from the Dornoch
Firth, we've carbon dated this.
611
00:32:43,300 --> 00:32:45,140
This is 6,000 years old.
612
00:32:45,140 --> 00:32:48,180
Wow. So, they've been
here for a very long time.
613
00:32:50,100 --> 00:32:53,540
Oysters were once
so abundant in UK waters
614
00:32:53,540 --> 00:32:57,020
that they were considered
a cheap fast food -
615
00:32:57,020 --> 00:33:01,020
but with the rise of industrial
fishing in the late 1800s,
616
00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:04,460
Britain's vast oyster reefs
vanished.
617
00:33:04,460 --> 00:33:09,420
Now, Bill has a dream of bringing
oysters back to the Dornoch Firth.
618
00:33:09,420 --> 00:33:13,660
I can see the value of trying to put
animals back that were once there.
619
00:33:13,660 --> 00:33:15,900
Mm. Is that all there is to it? No.
620
00:33:15,900 --> 00:33:20,340
The thing about oysters is that they
create structure on the seabed -
621
00:33:20,340 --> 00:33:23,060
but they're also amazing
biofilters.
622
00:33:23,060 --> 00:33:25,420
They suck the water clean of
all the particles.
623
00:33:25,420 --> 00:33:26,580
So, they do two things -
624
00:33:26,580 --> 00:33:29,460
they create a habitat where hundreds
of other species will live,
625
00:33:29,460 --> 00:33:31,700
but they also improve water quality.
626
00:33:32,900 --> 00:33:37,980
Bill's dream may have remained just
that, had it not been for whisky.
627
00:33:37,980 --> 00:33:42,340
Glenmorangie has been distilling
on the banks of the Dornoch Firth
628
00:33:42,340 --> 00:33:44,860
for over 150 years.
629
00:33:44,860 --> 00:33:48,700
Dougie Murray is a
second-generation whisky craftsman.
630
00:33:48,700 --> 00:33:53,900
My father started here in 1972
and I've been here for 23 years.
631
00:33:53,900 --> 00:33:57,740
And in that time, since your father
began, how have things changed?
632
00:33:57,740 --> 00:33:59,100
They've changed a lot.
633
00:33:59,100 --> 00:34:02,060
The distillery's upped production
two or three times,
634
00:34:02,060 --> 00:34:06,260
big investments, as well, which has
helped the company grow and grow.
635
00:34:06,260 --> 00:34:08,140
But as the distillery has grown,
636
00:34:08,140 --> 00:34:10,540
so has its impact on
the Dornoch Firth.
637
00:34:11,860 --> 00:34:13,900
Waste water from
the distilling process
638
00:34:13,900 --> 00:34:17,020
is cleaned and then
discharged into the estuary -
639
00:34:17,020 --> 00:34:20,100
but it still contains
some organic matter.
640
00:34:20,100 --> 00:34:24,100
This promotes the growth of algae,
robbing oxygen from the water -
641
00:34:24,100 --> 00:34:27,540
and this is where
the oysters come in,
642
00:34:27,540 --> 00:34:31,060
because oysters just love
to feast on algae.
643
00:34:31,060 --> 00:34:33,860
Let me show you what I mean.
644
00:34:33,860 --> 00:34:37,340
Here we have two tanks filled
with algae-rich water,
645
00:34:37,340 --> 00:34:39,500
like that in the Dornoch Firth.
646
00:34:39,500 --> 00:34:44,180
In this tank,
there are 15 European flat oysters,
647
00:34:44,180 --> 00:34:46,700
while in this tank,
there are none.
648
00:34:46,700 --> 00:34:48,540
And now, we wait.
649
00:34:58,220 --> 00:35:00,260
Five hours later -
650
00:35:00,260 --> 00:35:02,180
quite remarkable.
651
00:35:04,260 --> 00:35:08,140
One oyster can filter over
200 litres of water a day.
652
00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:13,500
So, imagine what a reef
with millions of oysters can do.
653
00:35:13,500 --> 00:35:16,180
With the financial support
of the whisky distillery,
654
00:35:16,180 --> 00:35:18,220
it's a big day for Bill.
655
00:35:18,220 --> 00:35:21,700
His team are putting 300 oysters
into the firth
656
00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:23,900
in a pioneering experiment.
657
00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:26,540
Height, width and depth.
That's right, yeah.
658
00:35:26,540 --> 00:35:28,940
For every single one.
659
00:35:28,940 --> 00:35:31,340
These are pretty special oysters.
They are.
660
00:35:31,340 --> 00:35:34,820
Yeah. These are the first ones
back in the Dornoch in 100 years.
661
00:35:36,380 --> 00:35:40,580
All this research
and effort is now riding on this.
662
00:35:45,340 --> 00:35:47,700
So, Bill, how do you feel? Oh...
This is...
663
00:35:47,700 --> 00:35:50,860
I can't stop grinning, actually.
Yeah? Yeah, this is brilliant.
664
00:35:53,900 --> 00:35:55,900
If this batch of oysters settles in,
665
00:35:55,900 --> 00:35:58,100
they will be followed by more.
666
00:35:58,100 --> 00:35:59,420
The vision, eventually,
667
00:35:59,420 --> 00:36:03,220
is for several reefs to be
established in the estuary.
668
00:36:03,220 --> 00:36:05,500
Well, I really hope
the oysters will thrive
669
00:36:05,500 --> 00:36:07,660
here in the Dornoch Firth
once again,
670
00:36:07,660 --> 00:36:12,700
bringing even more life to this
beautiful and unique estuary.
671
00:36:12,700 --> 00:36:14,700
I think we can all drink to that.
672
00:36:20,780 --> 00:36:23,420
And I can tell you that
the number of oysters has grown
673
00:36:23,420 --> 00:36:25,940
since George was down there,
which is great news -
674
00:36:25,940 --> 00:36:28,420
but there are still
natural native populations
675
00:36:28,420 --> 00:36:30,500
hanging on in there
around the country.
676
00:36:30,500 --> 00:36:32,020
One of those is in Cornwall,
677
00:36:32,020 --> 00:36:33,940
so Gillian went down
to find out why.
678
00:36:40,300 --> 00:36:45,100
This is Carrick Roads,
Cornwall's largest estuary.
679
00:36:47,620 --> 00:36:50,340
This is a part of the world
that I now call home,
680
00:36:50,340 --> 00:36:53,460
and it's got an incredibly complex
and beautiful
681
00:36:53,460 --> 00:36:55,180
marine and coastal environment.
682
00:36:56,660 --> 00:37:00,100
And a stronghold for the UK's
native oyster.
683
00:37:01,780 --> 00:37:05,140
Here on the Fal, mechanised
harvesting of the shellfish
684
00:37:05,140 --> 00:37:08,540
has been banned, and more
traditional methods are used.
685
00:37:09,620 --> 00:37:13,460
To protect the oyster stocks,
you can only fish here under sail,
686
00:37:13,460 --> 00:37:16,380
casting small nets which dredge
the seabed
687
00:37:16,380 --> 00:37:20,580
before being hauled aboard and
sifted by hand for mature oysters.
688
00:37:22,380 --> 00:37:24,220
It's backbreaking labour,
689
00:37:24,220 --> 00:37:28,500
and only undertaken in the coldest
months, from October to March.
690
00:37:28,500 --> 00:37:31,300
There are no fair weather
oyster fishermen round here.
691
00:37:32,540 --> 00:37:34,580
I've often watched
these old sailing boats
692
00:37:34,580 --> 00:37:37,420
working their way back and
forth across the estuary,
693
00:37:37,420 --> 00:37:40,020
but today I get to see
what they do up close.
694
00:37:50,380 --> 00:37:54,700
I'm joining the traditional
working boat Boy Willie,
695
00:37:54,700 --> 00:37:58,460
and skipper Timmy Vinnicombe is
bringing up the first dredging net.
696
00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:02,380
They're much lighter
and less destructive
697
00:38:02,380 --> 00:38:04,260
than modern industrial dredgers.
698
00:38:05,940 --> 00:38:07,860
They pass over a lot
of the shellfish.
699
00:38:07,860 --> 00:38:11,740
They just tease over the shells,
and a few go into the dredge.
700
00:38:11,740 --> 00:38:13,380
A lot stay behind.
701
00:38:13,380 --> 00:38:15,700
They're very inefficient, really.
702
00:38:15,700 --> 00:38:19,460
There's a certain irony that this
technique is so inefficient
703
00:38:19,460 --> 00:38:23,140
that it actually is what makes this
a sustainable fishery. Absolutely.
704
00:38:23,140 --> 00:38:27,140
Some people come out and say, "You
must be crazy doing this," you know?
705
00:38:31,180 --> 00:38:34,860
I can see at least three, four
other oyster boats at the moment.
706
00:38:34,860 --> 00:38:36,300
Do you work together,
707
00:38:36,300 --> 00:38:39,140
or do you kind of work to your own
patch in the estuary?
708
00:38:39,140 --> 00:38:41,340
We watch each other quite closely,
709
00:38:41,340 --> 00:38:44,020
you'll see someone go back to
a little spot several times,
710
00:38:44,020 --> 00:38:46,900
you'll think, "Ah, I wonder if there
are some oysters there," you know?
711
00:38:46,900 --> 00:38:48,260
Yeah! You'll nip and have a look,
712
00:38:48,260 --> 00:38:49,940
and sure enough,
someone's found some
713
00:38:49,940 --> 00:38:51,660
and tried to keep it a bit secret.
Yep.
714
00:38:54,140 --> 00:38:56,180
And how old is this boat?
715
00:38:56,180 --> 00:39:00,500
This boat was built around 1870,
I believe,
716
00:39:00,500 --> 00:39:03,940
because she came
into the family in 1923,
717
00:39:03,940 --> 00:39:07,700
needed a rebuild then, in 1923...
Right! So, it was an old boat then.
718
00:39:09,380 --> 00:39:12,340
The traditional boats are as much
a part of the landscape
719
00:39:12,340 --> 00:39:14,020
as they are in Timmy's blood.
720
00:39:14,020 --> 00:39:16,140
He is the fifth generation
of his family
721
00:39:16,140 --> 00:39:18,940
to work these waters
using these methods.
722
00:39:18,940 --> 00:39:22,900
We've been on the oyster fisheries
since around 1880.
723
00:39:22,900 --> 00:39:24,620
Which is a fair old time.
724
00:39:24,620 --> 00:39:27,740
A few hints been passed down through
the generations
725
00:39:27,740 --> 00:39:31,020
of what to do and what not to do,
and it can be quite helpful.
726
00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:36,580
We're sorting through Timmy's catch
to pick out the oysters,
727
00:39:36,580 --> 00:39:39,620
which has to measure up
to strict rules.
728
00:39:39,620 --> 00:39:44,820
Those with a diameter of less
than 67mm must be thrown back.
729
00:39:44,820 --> 00:39:47,500
Presumably, that's too small.
Yeah, it is a bit small.
730
00:39:48,980 --> 00:39:50,540
How about that one?
731
00:39:50,540 --> 00:39:51,700
Yeah... Keeper? Yeah.
732
00:39:53,460 --> 00:39:56,940
This is what this is all about.
These are the oysters, here.
733
00:39:56,940 --> 00:39:59,140
They've kind of got a round shape.
734
00:39:59,140 --> 00:40:03,860
Now, this has a concave back
and it sits on the seabed like that,
735
00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:05,740
and its lid will open,
736
00:40:05,740 --> 00:40:11,340
and it filters up to, it's thought,
399 pints of sea water a day -
737
00:40:11,340 --> 00:40:13,340
and if you think about
thousands of these
738
00:40:13,340 --> 00:40:15,020
doing the same thing every day,
739
00:40:15,020 --> 00:40:18,260
that adds up to an amazing,
like, ecosystem service.
740
00:40:22,900 --> 00:40:26,260
Oysters are considered to be
ecosystem engineers,
741
00:40:26,260 --> 00:40:30,620
providing the foundations
for diverse marine habitats -
742
00:40:30,620 --> 00:40:32,940
even becoming
nurseries for other species.
743
00:40:36,580 --> 00:40:38,820
Oh, that is beautiful!
744
00:40:38,820 --> 00:40:42,660
I mean, this is like rock pooling
on a massive scale -
745
00:40:42,660 --> 00:40:45,780
the dredging here, in a sense,
is sort of sampling the seabed,
746
00:40:45,780 --> 00:40:47,260
sampling the social communities
747
00:40:47,260 --> 00:40:49,660
and animals that live down
in these oyster beds,
748
00:40:49,660 --> 00:40:52,260
and over the short time
that we've been here,
749
00:40:52,260 --> 00:40:54,740
I've got two bucket-loads
of curiosities.
750
00:40:54,740 --> 00:40:59,740
Got an urchin in here - absolutely
gorgeous snakelock anemone.
751
00:40:59,740 --> 00:41:02,940
I mean, I would normally,
on the beach,
752
00:41:02,940 --> 00:41:06,380
see much smaller relatives of this,
a spiny starfish,
753
00:41:06,380 --> 00:41:10,140
but this - the size of this
is absolutely phenomenal.
754
00:41:10,140 --> 00:41:12,820
So, if you flip this over,
it's a really good chance
755
00:41:12,820 --> 00:41:15,140
just to see the underside
of these animals.
756
00:41:15,140 --> 00:41:19,900
The mouth is there,
and all along, on each limb,
757
00:41:19,900 --> 00:41:22,700
are covered with hundreds
of these feet,
758
00:41:22,700 --> 00:41:25,060
and they all sort of work in unison,
759
00:41:25,060 --> 00:41:28,300
so that it can actually march
along the seabed.
760
00:41:28,300 --> 00:41:29,740
It's really beautiful.
761
00:41:31,220 --> 00:41:34,780
This probably tells the story
better than anything else.
762
00:41:34,780 --> 00:41:38,260
This is a huge shell,
and inside there is a hermit crab
763
00:41:38,260 --> 00:41:42,300
living in the shell, and on
the shell is an anemone, as well.
764
00:41:42,300 --> 00:41:45,580
I mean, that's three organisms
all rolled up into one.
765
00:41:45,580 --> 00:41:47,420
I think that's pretty cool.
766
00:41:47,420 --> 00:41:51,060
Of course, all of these wonders
go back where they belong.
767
00:41:52,540 --> 00:41:54,140
Now, before we head back,
768
00:41:54,140 --> 00:41:57,340
I can't resist having
a go at hauling in
769
00:41:57,340 --> 00:41:58,700
the last catch of the day.
770
00:41:58,700 --> 00:42:00,620
Yeah. Keep pulling.
771
00:42:00,620 --> 00:42:01,780
Keep pulling!
772
00:42:01,780 --> 00:42:03,140
This is not one of those jokes
773
00:42:03,140 --> 00:42:05,460
where it just keeps going
and keeps going, is it?
774
00:42:05,460 --> 00:42:07,660
So, what's the technique?
Get this on? Yeah.
775
00:42:07,660 --> 00:42:08,780
Agh!
776
00:42:08,780 --> 00:42:10,220
See, and lift out there.
777
00:42:10,220 --> 00:42:12,220
Urgh! That's it.
778
00:42:12,220 --> 00:42:14,420
Now press down...
779
00:42:14,420 --> 00:42:16,300
That's it!
780
00:42:16,300 --> 00:42:18,340
That's my first haul.
781
00:42:18,340 --> 00:42:20,060
Well done. Very good.
782
00:42:20,060 --> 00:42:22,100
Very good for a first...
Have I got a job, then?
783
00:42:22,100 --> 00:42:23,140
Yes, definitely.
784
00:42:23,140 --> 00:42:24,380
SHE LAUGHS
Cleaning up.
785
00:42:26,060 --> 00:42:28,100
Yeah, I made a bit of a mess. Yeah.
786
00:42:30,260 --> 00:42:32,460
You know, what I love about that
was the diversity.
787
00:42:32,460 --> 00:42:34,940
You know, it wasn't just
oysters down there, was it?
788
00:42:34,940 --> 00:42:36,500
No, you're absolutely right.
789
00:42:36,500 --> 00:42:40,140
We are so lucky with the marine life
we have in this country.
790
00:42:40,140 --> 00:42:43,460
Well, that is it for today,
but I'd like to thank everyone
791
00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:46,620
and everything that's been
part of Blue Planet UK -
792
00:42:46,620 --> 00:42:48,180
not least our marine life
793
00:42:48,180 --> 00:42:50,980
that we are lucky to share
this country with.
794
00:42:50,980 --> 00:42:52,500
Don't forget to join us tomorrow,
795
00:42:52,500 --> 00:42:55,380
when will be back
in the beautiful St Abbs.
796
00:42:55,380 --> 00:42:56,500
Bye-bye for now. Bye!
797
00:42:57,860 --> 00:43:00,620
Next time on Blue Planet UK,
798
00:43:00,620 --> 00:43:03,420
I delve into the history
of a sea bird colony
799
00:43:03,420 --> 00:43:05,260
that is reaching new heights.
800
00:43:05,260 --> 00:43:08,220
Oh, my word!
801
00:43:08,220 --> 00:43:09,500
Coming up!
802
00:43:09,500 --> 00:43:12,580
We learn the importance of surveying
our Scottish sea life
803
00:43:12,580 --> 00:43:14,780
in all seasons...
804
00:43:14,780 --> 00:43:18,820
..and Chris finds out about some
rather relaxed rays.
805
00:43:18,820 --> 00:43:21,540
They were bending,
and it was like, "Do it again.
806
00:43:21,540 --> 00:43:22,700
"Ooh, do it again!"
807
00:43:22,700 --> 00:43:26,540
So, this is ray back massage.
This is ray massage.
68677
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