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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:08,600 Egypt, 2 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,040 a land of ancient treasures and hidden secrets. 3 00:00:12,040 --> 00:00:16,040 Of all it's kings and queens, one is still cloaked in mystery - 4 00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:20,400 Cleopatra. 5 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:23,320 Lover of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony 6 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:27,320 and, at one time, the most powerful woman in the world. 7 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:32,080 But evidence of Egypt's last queen has all but vanished from history. 8 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,040 Now, that's about to change. 9 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:40,040 A maverick archaeologist has discovered a long lost temple 10 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,440 that played a crucial role in her reign. 11 00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:47,440 Are you ready to risk your life for Cleopatra? 12 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:52,560 She's unearthed stunning artefacts... 13 00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:54,960 Don't tell me where the snakes are! 14 00:00:54,960 --> 00:00:58,240 ..mysterious underground tunnels... 15 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:01,680 ..and even a vast city of the dead. 16 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,200 It's a wonderful necropolis. 17 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:07,280 Look at that! They're fabulous. 18 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:11,280 Finds that are helping to transform our understanding of this enigmatic queen. 19 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:17,800 She was a mother, she was a wife, she was a queen, she was a goddess. 20 00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:24,280 Even more exciting, she's discovered hidden subterranean chambers. 21 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:29,880 I can confirm to you something, that somebody's hiding something. 22 00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:33,840 And in the biggest breakthrough in the search for Cleopatra, 23 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,840 she may even have found the final resting place of Egypt's last queen. 24 00:01:39,360 --> 00:01:43,080 It's a huge opening cut into the bedrock. 25 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:47,080 When you do see them, they are the shafts that lead to tombs. 26 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:01,880 You are a goddess, Cleopatra. 27 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:05,880 Everything is permitted to a goddess. 28 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:09,800 2,000 years after her death, 29 00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:13,760 the legendary Queen of Egypt still fascinates us. 30 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:16,720 Cleopatra's a pivotal figure in Egyptian history. 31 00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:20,720 She comes from a background of the most turbulent, 32 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:25,120 dramatic, soap operatic royal family there's ever been. 33 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:30,600 Suns go down and may return, but once put out our own brief light... 34 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:34,040 The Cleopatra we think we know is the Hollywood version. 35 00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:36,880 An intruder! A man! 36 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:40,880 And arch seductress, memorably portrayed by Liz Taylor, 37 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:45,160 seen here seducing the mighty Julius Caesar. 38 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:49,360 I summoned to you yesterday to an audience in my throne room. 39 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:54,840 I was told I was not permitted to go there. 40 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:59,000 But after her alliance with the Roman Empire went sour, 41 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:03,000 she famously committed suicide. 42 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:08,760 But the real Cleopatra remains tantalisingly out of reach. 43 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:14,040 Inevitably, you end up with more myth than history. 44 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:17,640 Today, barely any traces of Cleopatra survive 45 00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:21,640 and the greatest mystery of all is still unsolved... 46 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:25,600 ..where she's buried. 47 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,080 The truth is, we don't exactly know what happened, 48 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:30,760 either around the time of her death, 49 00:03:30,760 --> 00:03:34,720 or what happened to her body afterwards. 50 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:38,680 But now there's a new twist in the story of Cleopatra 51 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:42,680 and it comes from a surprising source. 52 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:47,480 Kathleen Martinez is a criminal lawyer from the Dominican Republic. 53 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:50,360 But for the last 20 years, 54 00:03:50,360 --> 00:03:54,360 she's used her courtroom experience to turn Cleopatra detective. 55 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:59,200 I don't think 100% as an archaeologist 56 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:02,800 because my first training is as a criminal lawyer, 57 00:04:02,800 --> 00:04:06,800 so I took Cleopatra as a case. 58 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:11,160 Kathleen has had a lifelong fascination with Egypt's last queen. 59 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:14,120 She believes that there's more to Cleopatra's life, 60 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:18,120 and what happened after her death, than the legend lets on. 61 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:27,120 Her obsession took to Alexandria in northern Egypt. 62 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,720 It was believed to be the site of Cleopatra's ancient capital... 63 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:41,360 ..but that city sank beneath the waves more than 1,000 years ago. 64 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:47,360 Archaeologists have found her palace here 65 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:51,360 and many believe her tomb must lie here, too. 66 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:55,040 But Kathleen has a radical new theory 67 00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:59,040 about where the queen was laid to rest. 68 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:05,200 In 31 BC, the Roman Navy defeated Cleopatra and her lover, Mark Antony, 69 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:09,680 at the Battle of Actium. 70 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:13,680 Fleeing to Egypt, they both committed suicide. 71 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,640 Kathleen believes that Cleopatra's suicide was 72 00:05:18,640 --> 00:05:21,320 part of a premeditated plan, 73 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:25,320 designed to prevent her body falling into the hands of the vengeful Romans. 74 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:30,960 When I study carefully the last days of Cleopatra, 75 00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:34,960 I realised it was the beginning of a religious act... 76 00:05:36,280 --> 00:05:40,280 ..that might end up with her being buried in a temple 77 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:44,320 and her lost tomb could be found there. 78 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:48,320 Kathleen believes that Cleopatra was a strategist, who devised a plan 79 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:52,800 for her body to be buried in secret, far from Roman eyes, 80 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:57,320 beneath a sacred temple. 81 00:05:57,600 --> 00:05:59,800 After studying ancient texts, 82 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:03,800 she investigated 21 possible burial sites... 83 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:06,560 ..but only one of them jumped out at her - 84 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:10,560 Taposiris Magna. 85 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:15,800 A ruined temple complex 40km west of Alexandria. 86 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:24,560 Kathleen suspected that this pile of ancient rubble dated back 87 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:28,560 to the time of Cleopatra's family, the Ptolemys, 88 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:31,800 but no-one had been able to prove it. 89 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,560 This is not a site that would have piqued the interest 90 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,520 of the archaeological community particularly. 91 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:41,520 Any connection between the site Cleopatra, this was news to me. 92 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:47,560 Over the last century, several archaeological teams have dug here 93 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:51,560 and found little of interest. 94 00:06:53,720 --> 00:06:56,600 But could Kathleen's hunch be right? 95 00:06:56,600 --> 00:07:00,600 Could this be the site of the lost tomb? 96 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:05,760 My first reaction when I entered the temple was to laugh 97 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:09,760 because I knew I was in the right place. 98 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:16,600 Unusually, the walls enclosing the site bear no inscriptions... 99 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:25,080 ..nothing to link it to any specific time or dynasty in Egyptian history. 100 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:31,440 The most accepted idea about this temple, it was never finished. 101 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:36,040 All the scholars believe it never functioned as a temple 102 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:39,400 and I believe they were wrong. 103 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:43,400 Experts have written off Taposiris Magna as unfinished and unimportant. 104 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,560 Kathleen was determined to prove that it was more 105 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:54,560 than just an ancient building site. 106 00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:58,760 Nobody ever came to this site with a clear idea of what 107 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:03,880 they were searching for. 108 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:06,920 Most archaeologists were dismissive of the theories 109 00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:09,720 of this self-trained novice. 110 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:12,240 I think Kathleen's ideas come across as very 111 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:16,240 sensationalist in the absence of anything really scientific. 112 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,440 There was a lot of scepticism about her work. 113 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:25,440 It's as though she'd ghosted in from nowhere. 114 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:30,360 But the sheer scale of the site, and its proximity to Cleopatra's 115 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:34,360 ancient capital, convinced Kathleen she was on the right track. 116 00:08:35,840 --> 00:08:39,320 If she could find the tomb of Cleopatra, there's no telling 117 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:43,320 what secrets would be revealed of the Queen's life and eventual death. 118 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:50,240 What people know about Cleopatra is what we have seen in the movies. 119 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:57,080 She was a musician, she studied medicine, she wrote about law. 120 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:00,720 There's so many qualities 121 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:04,720 and she did so much in a time when women were so restricted. 122 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:11,360 While Roman poets dismissed Cleopatra as a manipulative temptress, 123 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:16,080 medieval Arab writers paint her in a very different light, 124 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:20,360 as a philosopher, scientist and astute political leader. 125 00:09:23,240 --> 00:09:27,080 It's a view that's gained ground amongst scholars in recent years 126 00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:31,080 and Kathleen is not the only one on Cleopatra's tail. 127 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:36,920 Historian Dorothy Thompson has unearthed fresh insights 128 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:40,920 about her reign from a handful of surviving ancient documents. 129 00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:47,360 My interest is in the queen actually in Egypt... 130 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:51,160 ..not the queen who's constructed for us by others, 131 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:53,600 not the mirage of the queen 132 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:57,600 but the queen we can tell from the texts. 133 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:03,400 In the Berlin Museum, fragile scraps of 2,000-year-old papyri give 134 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:07,800 a glimpse of the political control Cleopatra wielded during her reign. 135 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:14,440 This dates from 50 BC, it's from within a year 136 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:19,240 and a half of her coming to the throne, 137 00:10:19,240 --> 00:10:23,240 and it says at the top, "The queen, Basileses", that's Cleopatra... 138 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:28,840 ..made this royal order. "Prostac santone." 139 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:33,080 Cleopatra is concerned that the people of the capital city 140 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:39,960 should have enough to eat. 141 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:42,000 Cleopatra made the proclamation 142 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:44,720 when Egypt was under severe threat of famine, 143 00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:48,720 well aware that hunger could lead to dangerous unrest. 144 00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:52,560 She's making a decree, 145 00:10:52,560 --> 00:10:56,560 saying that no-one who purchases corn may 146 00:10:57,200 --> 00:11:01,200 take it either to the north or to the south. 147 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:06,240 Everybody must bring it to the capital city. 148 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:10,360 And anyone who disobeys this... 149 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:15,240 ..is to be punished by death. 150 00:11:15,680 --> 00:11:19,680 This is Cleopatra far removed from the Hollywood glitz and glamour. 151 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:25,400 This is a real politician, somebody who is aware of problems 152 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:30,240 and prepared to do something about them. 153 00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:34,240 This isn't Cleopatra the seductress. 154 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:39,120 This is Cleopatra the working queen. 155 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:47,440 Before Kathleen Martinez could start her investigation at Taposiris Magna, 156 00:11:48,680 --> 00:11:52,680 she had to apply to the Egyptian authorities for permission to dig. 157 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:58,160 She put her theory about Cleopatra's tomb to the 158 00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:01,680 Minister of Antiquities himself. 159 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:05,160 What made me to decide actually the excavation, 160 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:07,760 because she is a very stubborn woman. 161 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:11,760 She's sure that the tomb is there. 162 00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:16,120 Kathleen was given just two months to prove she was on to something. 163 00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:20,640 She mounted a site survey and started her dig. 164 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:29,080 Eight weeks later, with the permit about to expire, 165 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:33,080 her team had drawn a blank. 166 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:42,360 Everybody here at the site was disappointed we didn't find anything. 167 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:46,520 We didn't even find pottery or nothing. 168 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:50,520 On the final day of the dig, in a last desperate throw of the dice, 169 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:55,040 Kathleen spread her team out across the whole site. 170 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:56,920 Not far from the north gate, 171 00:12:56,920 --> 00:13:00,920 she stumbled on a mysterious depression in the ground. 172 00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:07,040 We start cleaning and then, suddenly, a small hole opened 173 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:11,760 and we start removing the sand, and we found it was a shaft. 174 00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:19,680 Kathleen had unearthed a hidden shaft leading deep underground. 175 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:28,760 It has holes to go down, like in ancient times. 176 00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:32,760 They'd never used a ladder. 177 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:43,600 And we also studied the shape of this chamber because it's unique. 178 00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:50,720 The shaft descended five metres underground 179 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:54,720 to two hidden chambers. 180 00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:58,840 But what could they be for? 181 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:08,880 You can see traces of colour. It was painted. 182 00:14:12,640 --> 00:14:16,280 It was an astonishing find. 183 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:20,280 A subterranean level that previous digs by professionals had overlooked. 184 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:27,040 It's possible the chambers were used for priestly rituals. 185 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:28,880 But whatever their purpose, 186 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:32,880 the find persuaded the authorities to extend Kathleen's permit. 187 00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:37,320 It was the happiest day of my life. 188 00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:41,320 Because of this shaft, we continue our search for Cleopatra. 189 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:47,480 Kathleen had proved there was much more to Taposiris Magna 190 00:14:47,480 --> 00:14:50,400 than meets the eye. 191 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:55,200 But could it also conceal the long lost tomb of Cleopatra? 192 00:15:00,880 --> 00:15:04,880 The final days and untimely death of Cleopatra, last Queen of Egypt, 193 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,960 are shrouded in mystery. 194 00:15:09,960 --> 00:15:12,520 We don't have a clear account of what happened 195 00:15:12,520 --> 00:15:16,520 when Cleopatra died because nobody at the time wrote it down. 196 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:20,200 After losing a decisive sea battle against Rome, 197 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:24,200 the rebel general Mark Antony took his own life, and his lover, 198 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:28,760 Cleopatra, prepared to follow him. 199 00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:32,240 In the classic telling of the story, 200 00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:34,920 she then committed suicide by 201 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,920 clasping a poisonous snake, an asp, to her bosom. 202 00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:45,040 But what happened next is a mystery. 203 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:49,960 We simply don't know what happened to Cleopatra's body. 204 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:53,960 The events around her death are quite confused and conflicting and 205 00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:58,280 they don't really give us any clear pointers as to where she was buried. 206 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:05,480 Kathleen Martinez believes she knows. 207 00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:09,040 She thinks the lost tomb lies somewhere 208 00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:13,040 in the sprawling ruins of Taposiris Magna. 209 00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:16,200 I think if Kathleen Martinez were to find 210 00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:18,840 the tomb of Cleopatra intact, 211 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:21,360 it would be a discovery on a par 212 00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:25,080 with Howard Carter's discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamen. 213 00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:28,320 During her second season on-site, Kathleen turned 214 00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:32,320 her attention to traces of a building discovered by a previous dig. 215 00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:35,040 It was thought to be a temple dedicated 216 00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:39,040 to Osiris, god of the dead. 217 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:44,840 But nobody knows who built it. 218 00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:49,040 There's very little left of the structure itself, 219 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:53,040 but, digging down, Kathleen made a major breakthrough. 220 00:16:55,960 --> 00:16:59,960 She discovered a set of extremely rare and fragile tablets. 221 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,560 This is the magical moment. 222 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:11,960 I have to be very careful. 223 00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:15,960 They are made of clay and semiprecious stones 224 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:21,080 like lapis lazuli and turquoise and glass. 225 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:25,800 These rare artefacts are examples of foundation deposits. 226 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:28,600 It's incredibly important, 227 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:32,600 if you can, to find that foundation deposit because that's what 228 00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:36,720 gives you your information about when the temple was first built. 229 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:41,280 The inscriptions were faint, but legible. 230 00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,240 We can see the inscriptions are not clear. 231 00:17:46,240 --> 00:17:49,680 They are written in Greek, 232 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:53,680 and it refers to Vasilias Ptolemaios, 233 00:17:56,920 --> 00:17:59,800 which means King Ptolemy. 234 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:03,800 The tablets mark the temple's inauguration. 235 00:18:03,840 --> 00:18:07,840 Kathleen believes they were laid around 2,200 years ago 236 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,080 by Ptolemy IV, Cleopatra's great, great, great grandfather. 237 00:18:15,400 --> 00:18:19,400 Kathleen's find stunned the world of archaeology. 238 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,880 She had proved a direct link between the temple site 239 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,080 and Cleopatra's family line. 240 00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:28,160 It strengthened her conviction that 241 00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:31,920 Cleopatra herself would have worshipped here. 242 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:35,920 We were already proving with archaeological evidence that 243 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:40,200 everything that was written about this temple was wrong. 244 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:43,440 But dating the Osiris temple was just the start. 245 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:47,440 A few weeks later, extending her excavation north, 246 00:18:47,720 --> 00:18:51,720 Kathleen made another major find. 247 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:58,600 I continued in this direction and I found this block. 248 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:04,320 We continued cleaning, and we found the remains of a wall, 249 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:06,920 and then we opened to the north 250 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:10,920 and we found the sides of the building and it had a door. 251 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:18,240 It was a second temple, and one which appears to bear 252 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:22,240 the hallmarks of the cult of the goddess Isis. 253 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,560 Isis temples can have three separate rooms, 254 00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:32,240 with one acting as the inner sanctuary. 255 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:33,800 It's a perfect match, 256 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:37,800 which suggests another tantalising link to Cleopatra. 257 00:19:41,120 --> 00:19:45,120 To ancient Egyptians, Isis was the supreme female deity. 258 00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:51,120 Isis was a really important goddess to the Egyptians. 259 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:55,560 She seemed to really resonate with ordinary people. 260 00:19:56,960 --> 00:20:00,960 And Cleopatra portrayed herself as the personification of Isis on Earth. 261 00:20:04,040 --> 00:20:07,280 So for Cleopatra to ally herself with this goddess, 262 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:11,040 to the point of declaring herself to be the living Isis, was a really 263 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:15,040 important matter, and I think it was something she took really seriously. 264 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:20,400 To present herself as Isis is clearly a very canny move. 265 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:24,640 It's an obvious thing for somebody 266 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:28,640 who wishes to be accepted by her people. 267 00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:32,920 Where else would the living Isis choose to be buried 268 00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:36,160 than beneath an Isis Temple? 269 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:39,280 Digging within the temple walls, 270 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:42,400 Kathleen unearthed what looked like a holy shrine, 271 00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:46,400 and hit the jackpot. 272 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:50,600 We cleaned it inside, and inside the shrine it has around 200 coins, 273 00:20:52,480 --> 00:20:54,920 some of them were in very good condition, 274 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,920 and we could see immediately it has Cleopatra's face. 275 00:21:02,920 --> 00:21:06,560 You cannot imagine the happiness when I discovered 276 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:10,560 inside the sanctuary of Isis the face of Cleopatra in a coin. 277 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:16,720 It was beautiful Cleopatra. 278 00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:20,720 At last, Kathleen was face-to-face with her heroine. 279 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:24,760 The coins suggested the temple was still in active use 280 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,760 at the time of Cleopatra's reign. 281 00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:32,880 We believe the coins were there as an offering to the goddess Isis. 282 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:38,200 Bronze coins from Cleopatra's reign reveal a canny ruler, 283 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,880 keenly aware of the importance of her brand management. 284 00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:47,280 Cleopatra's ancestors had only put their faces 285 00:21:47,280 --> 00:21:51,280 on high value silver coins used by the rich. 286 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:55,720 But Cleopatra wanted her face seen and adored by all her subjects. 287 00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:01,440 What Cleopatra did that was new was introduce her own portrait 288 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:04,920 onto this bronze, low value coinage. 289 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:06,680 And that's an important step 290 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:08,600 because it made sure her image 291 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:11,920 reached a much broader public. 292 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:14,720 Anybody conducting a day-to-day transaction with 293 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:18,720 a coin like this would be confronted with Cleopatra's image. 294 00:22:23,960 --> 00:22:27,960 Cleopatra wanted to remind her whole country, rich and poor, 295 00:22:28,680 --> 00:22:31,440 who was in charge. 296 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:35,400 And it wasn't just her own people she needed to keep in check, 297 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,400 she was also a player on the international stage. 298 00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:43,800 At the Berlin Museum, 299 00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:48,400 historian Dr Dorothy Thompson has studied a second ancient text, 300 00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:53,920 which reveals Cleopatra trying to gain allies in Rome. 301 00:22:57,280 --> 00:23:01,280 It's an agreement by the Queen that a Roman, 302 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:04,880 and this is the real interest of the text, 303 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:08,880 that a Roman is being given very significant tax concessions. 304 00:23:11,120 --> 00:23:15,120 Right down at the bottom of the text is the one word, "Ginesthoi." 305 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,080 In English that means, "So be it." "Let it happen." 306 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:29,720 Cleopatra's seal of approval for the decree that's recorded above. 307 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,520 The instruction is written differently to the rest of the 308 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,520 document, prompting speculation as to who might have written it. 309 00:23:43,120 --> 00:23:45,680 The exciting question is 310 00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:49,680 is this Cleopatra's own hand that's used here? 311 00:23:52,280 --> 00:23:55,920 It would be nice, wouldn't it? If she'd written that. 312 00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:59,920 But we can't really be sure. 313 00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:07,400 In the fourth year of Kathleen's dig, and spurred on by the discovery 314 00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:11,640 of the Isis Temple, she continued the search for Cleopatra's lost tomb. 315 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:19,240 Poking around outside the temple enclosure, 316 00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:23,240 she spotted some strange indentations in the ground. 317 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:32,320 When we saw the first steps going down we knew it was a shaft. 318 00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:38,680 Kathleen had uncovered a shaft leading 25 metres underground. 319 00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:46,640 Who would like to go inside the shaft with me? 320 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:51,640 Are you ready to risk your life for Cleopatra? 321 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:55,840 SHE LAUGHS 322 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:58,920 After clearing many tonnes of rubble from the shaft, 323 00:24:58,920 --> 00:25:02,920 Kathleen prepares to venture underground. 324 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:25,320 Put your hands on the rope. OK, fine. 325 00:25:26,800 --> 00:25:30,800 OK. 326 00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:40,080 At the bottom she finds two secret passageways. 327 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:52,800 Her hope - that one might lead to a hidden tomb. 328 00:25:56,400 --> 00:26:00,400 The tunnels had been expertly chiselled out of the bedrock - 329 00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:05,080 clearly a monumental task. 330 00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:18,440 Can I have the light here? 331 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:20,960 It has the steps going down. 332 00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:23,640 Along the passageway she finds more vertical shafts 333 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:27,640 leading down from the surface. 334 00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:39,440 So please do it carefully. 335 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:42,560 But there's no sign of a tomb. 336 00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:46,560 But, amid the debris, she stumbles on more clues. 337 00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:51,680 HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE 338 00:26:58,520 --> 00:26:59,960 The stone bed. 339 00:26:59,960 --> 00:27:03,960 After 60 metres the passageway narrows and the team hits a dead end. 340 00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:14,760 Bye! 341 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:22,440 We found marble that belongs probably to the Isis chapel. 342 00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:28,440 And the pottery will help us to date 343 00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:32,000 exactly when the tunnels were dug. 344 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:36,000 Even more exciting, Kathleen has also recovered some human remains. 345 00:27:38,120 --> 00:27:40,400 We found... Bits of skull. 346 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:43,360 ..the skulls of skeletons. 347 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:47,360 But who they were and what they were doing here is a mystery. 348 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:52,400 Skeletons. 349 00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:58,200 Kathleen's excavation has so far revealed passageways 350 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:02,200 and shafts beneath Taposiris Magna stretching for 300 metres. 351 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:10,200 It all helps to reinforce her original hunch 352 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:15,900 That Cleopatra's tomb could be hidden somewhere underground. 353 00:28:20,340 --> 00:28:24,340 Over the course of Cleopatra's 22-year reign, Egypt and Rome were enemies. 354 00:28:26,340 --> 00:28:30,180 But, also, bedfellows. 355 00:28:30,180 --> 00:28:34,180 In 48 BC, just three years after Cleopatra came to the throne, 356 00:28:35,500 --> 00:28:38,260 Julius Caesar conquered Egypt. 357 00:28:38,260 --> 00:28:42,260 He and the 20-year-old queen became lovers. 358 00:28:43,180 --> 00:28:46,060 The young Cleopatra would go on to prove herself a clever 359 00:28:46,060 --> 00:28:50,060 and talented politician... 360 00:28:50,060 --> 00:28:54,060 ..able to forge strong political alliances, even with her enemies. 361 00:28:56,780 --> 00:28:59,660 When we think about the relationship between Julius Caesar 362 00:28:59,660 --> 00:29:02,740 and Cleopatra, on the one hand we talk about seduction, 363 00:29:02,740 --> 00:29:05,940 on the other hand we talk about political manoeuvring. 364 00:29:05,940 --> 00:29:07,580 We can actually have both. 365 00:29:07,580 --> 00:29:10,660 Rome is the biggest power in the Mediterranean, 366 00:29:10,660 --> 00:29:14,660 Egypt needs someone like that to ensure that its power remains. 367 00:29:14,860 --> 00:29:17,900 At the same time, Julius Caesar wants to have Egypt 368 00:29:17,900 --> 00:29:18,980 in his back pocket, 369 00:29:18,980 --> 00:29:22,980 because it's the bread basket of the Mediterranean. 370 00:29:23,180 --> 00:29:27,180 The love affair would last four years, and even produced a son. 371 00:29:29,740 --> 00:29:33,740 Caesar brought Cleopatra to Rome and showered her with gifts... 372 00:29:34,740 --> 00:29:38,740 ..building a temple in her honour. 373 00:29:40,300 --> 00:29:43,380 But the Queen had something to give in return, 374 00:29:43,380 --> 00:29:46,580 a wealth of scientific knowledge... 375 00:29:46,580 --> 00:29:50,580 ..including the secrets of time. 376 00:29:59,300 --> 00:30:03,300 In Caesar's day, the Roman calendar was based on the phases of the moon. 377 00:30:06,420 --> 00:30:10,420 But the 28-day lunar cycle meant the months and seasons drifted each year. 378 00:30:14,980 --> 00:30:17,660 You didn't have a fixed number of days per year, 379 00:30:17,660 --> 00:30:21,100 sometimes the whole system can get out of whack. 380 00:30:21,100 --> 00:30:25,100 But Cleopatra came from a seat of great learning and knowledge. 381 00:30:25,380 --> 00:30:29,380 The Egyptian calendar was based on earth's journey around the sun. 382 00:30:29,660 --> 00:30:33,300 Now, Caesar embraced this idea. 383 00:30:33,300 --> 00:30:35,940 By adopting the practices of the astronomers under 384 00:30:35,940 --> 00:30:39,940 Cleopatra in Egypt, Julius Caesar finally had a solar cycle 385 00:30:40,580 --> 00:30:43,780 system based upon the movement of the sun. 386 00:30:43,780 --> 00:30:47,540 It gave Romans stability, 365 days a year, 387 00:30:47,540 --> 00:30:50,820 and every fourth year, you have a leap year. 388 00:30:50,820 --> 00:30:52,860 This is the modern calendar cycle. 389 00:30:52,860 --> 00:30:56,860 Julius Caesar brought it to Rome, the Empire and the world. 390 00:30:59,820 --> 00:31:03,820 In 44 BC Caesar's reign came to an abrupt end, 391 00:31:04,980 --> 00:31:08,900 with his murder... 392 00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:12,900 ..and Cleopatra fled back to Egypt. 393 00:31:15,060 --> 00:31:19,060 Kathleen Martinez thinks the Queen may have found solace in her temple, 394 00:31:20,060 --> 00:31:24,060 at Taposiris Magna. 395 00:31:27,460 --> 00:31:31,460 By 2014, after almost ten seasons' digging, 396 00:31:32,260 --> 00:31:35,700 Kathleen had amassed a stunning collection of artefacts, 397 00:31:35,700 --> 00:31:39,060 all dating from the time of Cleopatra's royal line. 398 00:31:39,060 --> 00:31:41,500 This is one of my favourite artefacts, 399 00:31:41,500 --> 00:31:45,100 the bust of this Ptolemaic queen. 400 00:31:45,100 --> 00:31:49,060 So, this is a liner, to do the make-up in the eyes. 401 00:31:49,060 --> 00:31:52,580 You can see it's a weight, they were selling something. 402 00:31:52,580 --> 00:31:56,340 This is the bust of Alexander the Great. 403 00:31:56,340 --> 00:32:00,340 This is a penis. It belonged to an Egyptian god of fertility. 404 00:32:03,540 --> 00:32:07,540 The artefacts were building up a picture of an important temple site. 405 00:32:11,820 --> 00:32:15,820 Then, excavating near the north door of the temple complex... 406 00:32:17,020 --> 00:32:20,060 ..she unearthed something intriguing, 407 00:32:20,060 --> 00:32:24,060 a row of 14 curiously shaped stone plinths. 408 00:32:26,180 --> 00:32:30,180 What is important about this is that all of them 409 00:32:30,340 --> 00:32:34,340 has a different geometrical shape, this is unique. 410 00:32:34,380 --> 00:32:38,380 So far we have uncovered 14 bases, so maybe, it could be 411 00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:46,100 related to the columns itself, because they were 14 rulers of Egypt. 412 00:32:49,260 --> 00:32:52,660 The Ptolemys were Cleopatra's family line. 413 00:32:52,660 --> 00:32:55,740 Kathleen believes the plinths once bore statues 414 00:32:55,740 --> 00:32:59,740 of the Ptolemaic pharaohs, creating a grand avenue to the temple enclosure. 415 00:33:01,220 --> 00:33:05,220 That would make Taposiris Magna a highly important site, 416 00:33:05,660 --> 00:33:09,660 and a fitting spot for the tomb of a queen. 417 00:33:14,380 --> 00:33:17,380 And Kathleen's theory that Cleopatra is buried here 418 00:33:17,380 --> 00:33:21,380 was about to get another significant boost. 419 00:33:21,420 --> 00:33:25,420 In February 2015, digging in the rubble behind the plinths, 420 00:33:26,500 --> 00:33:30,500 she stumbled upon something extraordinary... 421 00:33:31,260 --> 00:33:35,260 a large inscribed limestone tablet or stele. 422 00:33:39,540 --> 00:33:43,060 In an echo of the world-famous Rosetta Stone, 423 00:33:43,060 --> 00:33:47,060 the inscription appears in both hieroglyphic and demotic, 424 00:33:47,860 --> 00:33:51,860 the everyday written language of ancient Egypt. 425 00:33:52,100 --> 00:33:56,100 Can you believe that this piece of block has changed 426 00:33:56,100 --> 00:33:59,140 the history of Taposiris Magna? 427 00:33:59,140 --> 00:34:03,140 I already named it Stele Magna. 428 00:34:03,940 --> 00:34:07,940 The stele dates from seven years into the reign of Ptolemy V. 429 00:34:09,380 --> 00:34:13,380 So, it predates the Rosetta Stone by two years. 430 00:34:14,300 --> 00:34:18,300 The inscription proved the site was linked to the goddess Isis, 431 00:34:18,300 --> 00:34:22,300 who Cleopatra claimed to embody on earth. 432 00:34:23,500 --> 00:34:26,220 The decree by Ptolemy V 433 00:34:26,220 --> 00:34:30,220 is the declaration of Taposiris Magna as a religious centre 434 00:34:31,300 --> 00:34:35,300 for Isis, for worshipping Isis, and the land, it was considered 435 00:34:36,260 --> 00:34:40,260 a sacred land and everything around the temple was used to worship Isis. 436 00:34:46,420 --> 00:34:50,420 This is an important text. It shows us that this is a temple 437 00:34:50,700 --> 00:34:54,380 which is very much part of the royal institution at that time. 438 00:34:54,380 --> 00:34:58,380 Very much an important place, so this is not a temple which is a backwater. 439 00:34:59,380 --> 00:35:02,420 This is an important spot. 440 00:35:02,420 --> 00:35:06,420 The stele that Kathleen found rewrites the history books, 441 00:35:06,460 --> 00:35:09,780 revealing Taposiris Magna to be the most important Ptolemaic 442 00:35:09,780 --> 00:35:13,780 temple site in northern Egypt. 443 00:35:15,860 --> 00:35:19,860 It's so important for the Ptolemys. 444 00:35:20,060 --> 00:35:24,060 It was the most important centre of adoration of Isis in the north. 445 00:35:26,020 --> 00:35:29,700 The evidence was mounting that Cleopatra herself could have 446 00:35:29,700 --> 00:35:32,260 been a frequent visitor. 447 00:35:32,260 --> 00:35:36,220 But is she buried here? 448 00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:40,220 Kathleen decided to extend her search beyond the temple walls. 449 00:35:41,740 --> 00:35:45,740 500 metres east, close to an ancient monument in the shape of a 450 00:35:47,060 --> 00:35:51,060 lighthouse, she spotted unexplained sunken areas in the desert floor. 451 00:35:53,780 --> 00:35:57,300 Well, we started excavating here, close between the lighthouse 452 00:35:57,300 --> 00:36:00,860 and the temple. 453 00:36:00,860 --> 00:36:04,860 And we uncovered the first steps. 454 00:36:08,340 --> 00:36:11,660 At the foot of the steps, she discovered a set of chambers 455 00:36:11,660 --> 00:36:14,220 cut deep into the bedrock. 456 00:36:14,220 --> 00:36:16,300 They could be only one thing... 457 00:36:16,300 --> 00:36:18,060 tombs. 458 00:36:18,060 --> 00:36:21,740 We need to check these blocks, but please... 459 00:36:21,740 --> 00:36:25,740 wear your mask and gloves when you go down. 460 00:36:26,460 --> 00:36:28,980 Kathleen believes that if there are dead bodies down here, 461 00:36:28,980 --> 00:36:32,980 it could present a biohazard. 462 00:36:35,740 --> 00:36:38,940 THEY CHATTER 463 00:36:38,940 --> 00:36:42,940 Let's see now. 464 00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:53,740 The tombs are the first evidence of ritual burials here. 465 00:36:55,140 --> 00:36:59,140 All within sight of the temple complex. 466 00:37:01,380 --> 00:37:05,380 Further excavation revealed a labyrinth of ancient catacombs. 467 00:37:07,300 --> 00:37:10,300 Some containing skeletons. 468 00:37:10,300 --> 00:37:13,300 Others housing mummies. 469 00:37:13,300 --> 00:37:15,900 We didn't know how big it was 470 00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:19,900 but now we have more than 800 skeletons. 471 00:37:20,780 --> 00:37:23,940 Kathleen has unearthed a huge necropolis covering 472 00:37:23,940 --> 00:37:27,620 hundreds of square metres. 473 00:37:27,620 --> 00:37:31,620 An ancient Egyptian city of the dead. 474 00:37:33,940 --> 00:37:37,940 But who exactly is buried here? 475 00:37:38,260 --> 00:37:39,660 For years, 476 00:37:39,660 --> 00:37:43,660 Kathleen endured scepticism from the archaeological community. 477 00:37:43,900 --> 00:37:47,860 Now the professionals were keen to see her discoveries. 478 00:37:47,860 --> 00:37:50,660 Well, this looks fantastic. 479 00:37:50,660 --> 00:37:54,660 Doctor Salima Ikram is an expert in ancient Egyptian burials. 480 00:37:57,420 --> 00:37:59,380 Oh, my God. 481 00:37:59,380 --> 00:38:03,220 Look at that, they're fabulous. 482 00:38:03,220 --> 00:38:06,340 The skulls of some of the mummies Kathleen unearthed had been 483 00:38:06,340 --> 00:38:08,580 encrusted with gold. 484 00:38:08,580 --> 00:38:11,660 Here you've got all this gilding on them. 485 00:38:11,660 --> 00:38:14,500 What you do is you coat the face with this sort of oil, 486 00:38:14,500 --> 00:38:17,500 resin mixture, sometimes even with beeswax. 487 00:38:17,500 --> 00:38:19,780 And that gives you a very tacky substance 488 00:38:19,780 --> 00:38:22,180 and then you have these small squares of gold leaf 489 00:38:22,180 --> 00:38:26,180 which you can just attach and sometimes they overlap. 490 00:38:26,620 --> 00:38:30,100 The people buried here were clearly wealthy. 491 00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:34,100 But gold-plating the skulls wasn't just about decoration. 492 00:38:34,220 --> 00:38:36,900 During the later Ptolemaic and early Roman period, 493 00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:40,900 we notice that mummification is not so well done. 494 00:38:41,060 --> 00:38:44,580 So, lots of oils and unguents are poured over the body. 495 00:38:44,580 --> 00:38:47,580 You have fancy wrapping, you have glittery, you know, 496 00:38:47,580 --> 00:38:51,020 gold and this and that to sort of make up for the fact that 497 00:38:51,020 --> 00:38:54,540 you're not quite sure as to what you're supposed to do. 498 00:38:54,540 --> 00:38:58,540 Everything about the site, including the poor-quality mummification, 499 00:38:59,300 --> 00:39:03,300 suggests the burials date directly from the time of Cleopatra. 500 00:39:03,300 --> 00:39:07,300 It's a wonderful necropolis which is still filled with all 501 00:39:07,460 --> 00:39:11,460 kinds of goodies and bodies to be found. 502 00:39:12,500 --> 00:39:14,460 Being so close to the temples of Isis 503 00:39:14,460 --> 00:39:18,460 and Osiris would have made it a highly auspicious burial spot. 504 00:39:20,780 --> 00:39:23,100 It's a holy place, it's a sacred place, it's a 505 00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:27,100 significant place, so, people wanted to be buried here. 506 00:39:27,980 --> 00:39:31,340 Anyone who was buried here was definitely having a straight 507 00:39:31,340 --> 00:39:33,980 shot to eternity. 508 00:39:33,980 --> 00:39:37,700 The importance of the burial site convinces Kathleen that she's 509 00:39:37,700 --> 00:39:42,600 Closing in on her ultimate goal, the tomb of Cleopatra herself. 510 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:50,360 Self-trained archaeologist, 511 00:39:50,360 --> 00:39:52,000 Kathleen Martinez, 512 00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:56,000 believes she's close to the archaeological find of the century - 513 00:39:56,320 --> 00:40:00,320 the long-lost tomb of Cleopatra. 514 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,920 'I think, if Kathleen found the tomb of Cleopatra intact,' 515 00:40:03,920 --> 00:40:06,000 she would be elevated to the status of 516 00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:08,880 the most famous archaeologist in the world. 517 00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:10,480 Kathleen had already discovered 518 00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:13,320 a series of unexplained shafts and tunnels 519 00:40:13,320 --> 00:40:15,920 underneath Taposiris Magna 520 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:18,800 and she's still convinced that it's here 521 00:40:18,800 --> 00:40:22,800 that she'll find the tomb of Egypt's last queen. 522 00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:27,080 But is there any evidence 523 00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:28,720 that ancient Egyptians 524 00:40:28,720 --> 00:40:32,720 buried their rulers beneath temple sites? 525 00:40:33,640 --> 00:40:35,680 In 2014, 526 00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:38,160 archaeologists at the Ramesseum, 527 00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:41,000 an ancient temple complex in Southern Egypt, 528 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:44,200 found something intriguing - 529 00:40:44,200 --> 00:40:47,400 a shaft leading underground 530 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:51,400 containing ritual burial items from a royal tomb. 531 00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:55,080 This sensational discovery 532 00:40:55,080 --> 00:40:59,080 was of a princess, 533 00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:01,000 Karomama, 534 00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:05,000 who was an extremely high-ranking priestess. 535 00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:09,360 Karomama's tomb predates Cleopatra's reign by 900 years. 536 00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:15,120 But did Cleopatra revive an ancient royal tradition - 537 00:41:15,120 --> 00:41:19,120 to be buried beneath Taposiris Magna? 538 00:41:20,720 --> 00:41:23,720 It's very possible Cleopatra could have been buried 539 00:41:23,720 --> 00:41:27,160 in a similar shaft underneath a temple. 540 00:41:27,160 --> 00:41:31,160 There are actually quite a lot of examples of high status, 541 00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:34,760 royal even, individuals - 542 00:41:34,760 --> 00:41:36,720 royal women, in particular - 543 00:41:36,720 --> 00:41:39,000 being buried in shaft tombs 544 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:42,880 within temple complexes. 545 00:41:42,880 --> 00:41:45,200 I will go down. 546 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:47,120 Close by the west gate, 547 00:41:47,120 --> 00:41:48,960 Kathleen discovered a chamber 548 00:41:48,960 --> 00:41:52,320 not far beneath the surface. 549 00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:56,320 Inside it, the remains of a woman. 550 00:41:57,240 --> 00:42:00,040 We found the skeleton of this woman 551 00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:03,760 who was carrying a baby. 552 00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:06,080 Analysis of the bones reveals the pregnant woman 553 00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:09,400 is too young to be Cleopatra. 554 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:12,560 This woman is still a puzzle for us 555 00:42:12,560 --> 00:42:16,320 because we won't know what happened to her. 556 00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,680 The skeleton is a breakthrough. 557 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:20,760 It's the first indication that burials 558 00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:24,760 did take place inside the temple. 559 00:42:25,600 --> 00:42:29,600 And Kathleen's hunt was about to take a thrilling turn. 560 00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:33,200 In the northwest corner of the site, 561 00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:36,600 the team unearthed some steps. 562 00:42:36,600 --> 00:42:40,600 They led down to a wide opening cut out of the bedrock. 563 00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:43,760 We're still cleaning around 564 00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,360 but it's ten metres by ten metres, 565 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:47,360 by nine metres. 566 00:42:47,360 --> 00:42:48,960 It was very deep 567 00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:51,720 and it was a big cut. 568 00:42:51,720 --> 00:42:54,960 Like the tombs of the Valley of the Kings. 569 00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:56,440 So we thought... 570 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,520 We were thrilled. "This is it." 571 00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:03,520 Digging down to its base, they find a narrow shaft going deep underground. 572 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,520 We start cleaning the shaft. 573 00:43:08,520 --> 00:43:10,240 At the depth of 23 metres, 574 00:43:10,240 --> 00:43:13,200 we found two skeletons... 575 00:43:13,200 --> 00:43:17,200 ..and that make us feel more excited. 576 00:43:19,600 --> 00:43:22,560 Kathleen dug down 35 metres 577 00:43:22,560 --> 00:43:25,320 and found nothing... 578 00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:28,080 ..but according to Egyptologist, Chris Naunton, 579 00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:29,800 a deep, wide opening like this 580 00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:31,440 with a shaft at its base 581 00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:35,440 usually means one thing. 582 00:43:36,320 --> 00:43:40,320 The most striking feature is just its massive size. 583 00:43:42,840 --> 00:43:44,720 It's a huge opening 584 00:43:44,720 --> 00:43:48,080 cut into the bedrock. 585 00:43:48,080 --> 00:43:50,160 You don't see those very often. 586 00:43:50,160 --> 00:43:51,840 When you do see them, 587 00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:55,760 they are the shafts that lead to tombs. 588 00:43:55,760 --> 00:43:58,280 It's a huge breakthrough. 589 00:43:58,280 --> 00:44:00,920 But with this year's digging season nearly over, 590 00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:04,920 Kathleen is running out of time. 591 00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:08,520 She brings in ground-penetrating radar 592 00:44:08,520 --> 00:44:12,440 to probe the ground around the shaft. 593 00:44:12,440 --> 00:44:13,840 Her aim - 594 00:44:13,840 --> 00:44:15,680 to see if there are any chambers 595 00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:19,240 hidden behind its walls. 596 00:44:19,240 --> 00:44:21,800 We're trying to use Geophysical lessons 597 00:44:21,800 --> 00:44:25,080 to help the people who work in archaeology 598 00:44:25,080 --> 00:44:29,080 to find where is the mummy of Cleopatra. 599 00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:33,680 The results are exciting. 600 00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:37,800 They show two possible cavities. 601 00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:41,800 The chip here reveals important cavities. 602 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:46,080 Big enough to be the final resting place of a Pharaoh. 603 00:44:50,320 --> 00:44:52,560 I can confirm to you something. 604 00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:54,720 That somebody is hiding something. 605 00:44:54,720 --> 00:44:56,760 What is it? We don't know. 606 00:44:56,760 --> 00:45:00,640 Maybe it's the mummy of Cleopatra, maybe. 607 00:45:00,640 --> 00:45:04,640 Kathleen's time at Taposiris Magna is up for the year. 608 00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:09,000 Further investigation of the shaft will have to wait. 609 00:45:09,480 --> 00:45:13,480 But her hunch that there is more to the site than the experts suspected 610 00:45:13,720 --> 00:45:17,720 has been vindicated. 611 00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:19,720 She's proved the Taposiris Magna 612 00:45:19,720 --> 00:45:23,720 was a temple complex of huge significance in Cleopatra's day 613 00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:26,200 and found compelling evidence 614 00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:30,200 there could be a burial chamber concealed deep underground. 615 00:45:31,760 --> 00:45:33,760 I think Kathleen has taken us closer 616 00:45:33,760 --> 00:45:35,440 to finding the tomb of Cleopatra 617 00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:37,040 than we've ever been before. 618 00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:39,440 An archaeologist in Egypt claimed today 619 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:40,920 to be on the verge of finding 620 00:45:40,920 --> 00:45:42,680 the burial place of Cleopatra. 621 00:45:42,680 --> 00:45:46,680 And now the whole world is taking notice of her quest. 622 00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:51,280 He displayed artefacts found in an ancient temple near Alexandria. 623 00:45:51,280 --> 00:45:53,440 It's the beginning of a journey 624 00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:55,320 that will end 625 00:45:55,320 --> 00:45:56,760 with a big discovery. 626 00:45:56,760 --> 00:45:59,160 So far, they've uncovered a variety 627 00:45:59,160 --> 00:46:03,160 of likenesses of Cleopatra. 628 00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:09,200 I will never stop until I find the tomb of Cleopatra. 629 00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:12,640 I feel, in my heart, 630 00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:14,520 the tomb of Cleopatra 631 00:46:14,520 --> 00:46:18,520 is under my feet at Taposiris Magna. 632 00:46:46,840 --> 00:46:53,800 Subtitles by Ericsson 53619

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