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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,880 --> 00:00:04,940 for 23 years the sadistic tyrant Saddam 2 00:00:04,940 --> 00:00:07,759 Hussein rules Iraq with an utter 3 00:00:07,759 --> 00:00:11,590 contempt for Humanity 4 00:00:12,570 --> 00:00:15,450 we're dealing with Hitler revisited a 5 00:00:15,450 --> 00:00:18,990 totalitarianism and a brutality that is 6 00:00:18,990 --> 00:00:22,470 naked and unprecedented his cruelty 7 00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:25,770 knows no limits what is right and wrong 8 00:00:25,770 --> 00:00:28,320 to you and I isn't even a conscious 9 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,800 thought of Saddam Hussein's 10 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,350 this is the story of how maniacal 11 00:00:34,350 --> 00:00:36,600 ambition turns a vicious street thug 12 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:38,579 into the Middle East's most aggressively 13 00:00:38,579 --> 00:00:41,070 violent dictator he knew they were gonna 14 00:00:41,070 --> 00:00:44,309 be executed he sat back smiled smoked 15 00:00:44,309 --> 00:00:48,960 his cigar he was thrilled and how his 16 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:51,390 murderous quest to dominate the Arab 17 00:00:51,390 --> 00:00:54,629 world comes to a humiliating end when 18 00:00:54,629 --> 00:00:58,760 he's found cowering in a hole 19 00:01:22,229 --> 00:01:26,619 by August the 2nd 1990 Saddam Hussein's 20 00:01:26,619 --> 00:01:29,590 uniquely sadistic regime has terrified 21 00:01:29,590 --> 00:01:32,740 Iraq for over a decade but his 22 00:01:32,740 --> 00:01:35,069 megalomania reaches dazzling new heights 23 00:01:35,069 --> 00:01:37,840 when he sends his 1 million man strong 24 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:40,179 army to invade his tiny Arab neighbor 25 00:01:40,179 --> 00:01:44,170 Kuwait Saddam's invasion of Kuwait was 26 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:47,189 perhaps his most colossal miscalculation 27 00:01:47,189 --> 00:01:49,990 he didn't think that the United States 28 00:01:49,990 --> 00:01:53,349 was going to react militarily in the 29 00:01:53,349 --> 00:01:55,479 past the West has let him get away with 30 00:01:55,479 --> 00:02:00,399 far worse but this decision marks the 31 00:02:00,399 --> 00:02:02,140 beginning of the end to a lifetime of 32 00:02:02,140 --> 00:02:05,020 cruelty and viciousness it started a 33 00:02:05,020 --> 00:02:09,030 little more than a half-century earlier 34 00:02:10,949 --> 00:02:15,459 [Music] 35 00:02:15,630 --> 00:02:17,940 the story begins in the village of a 36 00:02:17,940 --> 00:02:21,180 Luger five miles outside the Iraqi town 37 00:02:21,180 --> 00:02:23,420 of Tikrit 38 00:02:23,420 --> 00:02:27,170 no electricity no paved roads mud brick 39 00:02:27,170 --> 00:02:30,380 houses it's here according to his mother 40 00:02:30,380 --> 00:02:32,630 that the future dictatorial president of 41 00:02:32,630 --> 00:02:35,090 Iraq Saddam Hussein starts killing 42 00:02:35,090 --> 00:02:39,310 people before he's even born 43 00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:43,480 just months before his birth Saddam's 44 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:46,890 father and elder brother died 45 00:02:46,890 --> 00:02:50,020 Saddam's mother said she was carrying 46 00:02:50,020 --> 00:02:52,690 Satan in her belly and that he killed 47 00:02:52,690 --> 00:02:54,819 all the other men in the family his 48 00:02:54,819 --> 00:02:57,910 father and his older brother in order to 49 00:02:57,910 --> 00:02:59,519 be the only man in the family 50 00:02:59,519 --> 00:03:02,319 Saddam's mother wanted to actually kill 51 00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:05,650 the fetus Saddam before he was reborn 52 00:03:05,650 --> 00:03:07,610 [Music] 53 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:11,590 despite her wishes he's born on April 28 54 00:03:11,590 --> 00:03:16,780 1937 and he's given a most fitting name 55 00:03:16,780 --> 00:03:20,660 saddam means is the one who confronts 56 00:03:20,660 --> 00:03:25,220 the name she gave him was so perfect for 57 00:03:25,220 --> 00:03:28,040 him because he was a guy who would 58 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:31,870 confront people left right and center 59 00:03:31,870 --> 00:03:34,790 rejected by his mother saddam is sent to 60 00:03:34,790 --> 00:03:37,209 live with his uncle Khairallah Telfer 61 00:03:37,209 --> 00:03:41,060 this left a very very deep imprint on 62 00:03:41,060 --> 00:03:43,030 his personality that you could never 63 00:03:43,030 --> 00:03:46,480 count on anybody except for on himself 64 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:49,670 his uncle is a Nazi sympathizer who 65 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:51,890 later sets out his own political 66 00:03:51,890 --> 00:03:54,350 philosophies in a pamphlet called three 67 00:03:54,350 --> 00:03:57,310 whom God should not have created 68 00:03:57,310 --> 00:04:02,209 Persians Jews and flies Huayra little 69 00:04:02,209 --> 00:04:07,450 father was an anti-semite to the bone 70 00:04:07,450 --> 00:04:11,780 it's very reminiscent of girls of the 71 00:04:11,780 --> 00:04:16,370 Nazi propaganda so I would say if you 72 00:04:16,370 --> 00:04:19,540 combine his prenatal history with his 73 00:04:19,540 --> 00:04:22,580 dramatic with his early childhood 74 00:04:22,580 --> 00:04:26,900 history which is unhappy I can see how a 75 00:04:26,900 --> 00:04:30,400 man like that grows up 76 00:04:31,210 --> 00:04:34,639 meanwhile his oil-rich country long 77 00:04:34,639 --> 00:04:36,500 dominated by the British Empire is 78 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:42,220 dealing with its own turmoil and in 1958 79 00:04:42,220 --> 00:04:45,530 General Abdul Karim casas leads a 80 00:04:45,530 --> 00:04:47,960 military coup to dethrone Iraq's puppet 81 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:51,249 monarchy and drive out the British 82 00:04:51,249 --> 00:04:54,099 quickly Qasim's regime is plagued by 83 00:04:54,099 --> 00:04:57,189 power struggles and dissent having 84 00:04:57,189 --> 00:05:00,339 joined the bath party a radical secular 85 00:05:00,339 --> 00:05:02,349 nationalist movement a year earlier 86 00:05:02,349 --> 00:05:04,929 Saddam eagerly supports its goals of 87 00:05:04,929 --> 00:05:07,569 taking over the country enjoying the 88 00:05:07,569 --> 00:05:09,099 bath party because it was the most 89 00:05:09,099 --> 00:05:12,189 activist political party in Iraq of the 90 00:05:12,189 --> 00:05:15,519 1950s their plans include assassinating 91 00:05:15,519 --> 00:05:18,279 general Qasim and as a young street thug 92 00:05:18,279 --> 00:05:21,489 named Saddam Hussein they think is just 93 00:05:21,489 --> 00:05:24,419 the man for the job 94 00:05:30,719 --> 00:05:33,400 despite being a very junior bath party 95 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:34,120 member 96 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:36,550 the 22 year olds reputation for enjoying 97 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:39,099 violence gets him a place in the hit 98 00:05:39,099 --> 00:05:42,939 squad they knew that he knows what to do 99 00:05:42,939 --> 00:05:45,509 with the gun 100 00:05:48,020 --> 00:05:51,660 Sadam arranged two squads on both sides 101 00:05:51,660 --> 00:05:53,520 of the road like this and an Assam 102 00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:55,980 within the Jeep was driving here like 103 00:05:55,980 --> 00:05:59,430 this of course if you shoot from both 104 00:05:59,430 --> 00:06:00,780 side you have a better chance of hitting 105 00:06:00,780 --> 00:06:02,430 the Jeep then if you shoot from only one 106 00:06:02,430 --> 00:06:04,760 side 107 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:07,740 the two squads started shooting at each 108 00:06:07,740 --> 00:06:15,270 other they were all sure that Qasim was 109 00:06:15,270 --> 00:06:17,750 killed 110 00:06:18,479 --> 00:06:21,479 in the mayhem Saddam is shot by one of 111 00:06:21,479 --> 00:06:23,939 his fellow assassins but manages to flee 112 00:06:23,939 --> 00:06:26,639 the scene they went to the place where 113 00:06:26,639 --> 00:06:28,169 the getaway car was supposed to be 114 00:06:28,169 --> 00:06:31,289 waiting for them and they found out the 115 00:06:31,289 --> 00:06:33,930 driver of the getaway car is not in the 116 00:06:33,930 --> 00:06:37,020 getaway car he's sitting in a coffee 117 00:06:37,020 --> 00:06:42,539 shop nearby playing backgammon it was a 118 00:06:42,539 --> 00:06:45,539 real farce a parody of an assassination 119 00:06:45,539 --> 00:06:50,610 attempt general Qasim survives it looks 120 00:06:50,610 --> 00:06:52,349 like Saddam's career in the bath party 121 00:06:52,349 --> 00:06:55,080 has ended in failure before it's even 122 00:06:55,080 --> 00:07:01,639 begun a wanted man he goes on the run 123 00:07:04,310 --> 00:07:07,520 four years later where he spectacularly 124 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:12,410 failed other Baathists succeed in 1963 125 00:07:12,410 --> 00:07:15,639 general Qasim is deposed and executed 126 00:07:15,639 --> 00:07:19,160 Saddam returns home from exile it Ching 127 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:23,060 for political office but he's seen as a 128 00:07:23,060 --> 00:07:25,160 thug and no one thinks of him as a 129 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:27,650 leader so he's only offered a junior 130 00:07:27,650 --> 00:07:31,669 role working with Iraqi peasants Saddam 131 00:07:31,669 --> 00:07:36,610 was very ambitious but he knew one thing 132 00:07:36,610 --> 00:07:41,690 that the party was very hierarchical it 133 00:07:41,690 --> 00:07:44,240 was a very young man and everybody else 134 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:47,060 was older and with much greater veteran 135 00:07:47,060 --> 00:07:50,120 shape of party members so I think 136 00:07:50,120 --> 00:07:52,960 understood it 137 00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:58,090 then in July 1968 his luck changes his 138 00:07:58,090 --> 00:08:00,130 distant relative encinia Baath Party 139 00:08:00,130 --> 00:08:02,550 member General Ahmed Hassan al-bakr 140 00:08:02,550 --> 00:08:04,930 seizes power in a coup 141 00:08:04,930 --> 00:08:07,660 Saddam looked up to al-bakr and al-bakr 142 00:08:07,660 --> 00:08:10,360 looked at Saddam very favorably almost 143 00:08:10,360 --> 00:08:11,830 like a son 144 00:08:11,830 --> 00:08:13,870 our baka needs to appoint a head of 145 00:08:13,870 --> 00:08:15,970 security services to protect his new 146 00:08:15,970 --> 00:08:20,110 regime from counter coos his colleagues 147 00:08:20,110 --> 00:08:24,610 older much much better educated longer 148 00:08:24,610 --> 00:08:28,270 membership period they felt it was below 149 00:08:28,270 --> 00:08:32,229 them to pull out teeth and to pull out 150 00:08:32,229 --> 00:08:35,140 fingernails young Saddam on the other 151 00:08:35,140 --> 00:08:37,179 hand has a quality that makes him only 152 00:08:37,179 --> 00:08:40,479 too happy to take on the role sadism was 153 00:08:40,479 --> 00:08:41,860 one of the chief features of his 154 00:08:41,860 --> 00:08:44,410 personality sanam is same was probably 155 00:08:44,410 --> 00:08:47,170 more sadistic than Hitler and that does 156 00:08:47,170 --> 00:08:49,480 mean to take great pleasure in the pain 157 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:52,209 or suffering of others an amusement in 158 00:08:52,209 --> 00:08:54,850 the pain and suffering of others our 159 00:08:54,850 --> 00:08:57,490 Baca has no idea that he's just given a 160 00:08:57,490 --> 00:08:59,769 sick and twisted man a free pass to 161 00:08:59,769 --> 00:09:03,060 create a complete terror apparatus an 162 00:09:03,060 --> 00:09:05,230 organization that ultimately proves 163 00:09:05,230 --> 00:09:09,649 vital to Saddam seizing total power 164 00:09:09,649 --> 00:09:12,559 he recruited all the people from his own 165 00:09:12,559 --> 00:09:16,879 tribe young men who were very tough not 166 00:09:16,879 --> 00:09:19,490 very much educated but tough knew how to 167 00:09:19,490 --> 00:09:22,999 use weapons trained them and they became 168 00:09:22,999 --> 00:09:26,569 his like his puppies they were eating 169 00:09:26,569 --> 00:09:29,420 from his hand and they called him on 170 00:09:29,420 --> 00:09:33,079 that trigger our grand uncle and they 171 00:09:33,079 --> 00:09:35,600 knew that all the good things they get 172 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:37,970 and they got a lot of good things money 173 00:09:37,970 --> 00:09:41,389 cars homes you name it they got it and 174 00:09:41,389 --> 00:09:43,759 they were village boys so for them it 175 00:09:43,759 --> 00:09:46,910 was like a quantum leap of incredible 176 00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:49,059 proportions 177 00:09:51,309 --> 00:09:53,600 Saddam's role in the security services 178 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:56,509 establishes his reputation for absolute 179 00:09:56,509 --> 00:09:57,910 ruthlessness 180 00:09:57,910 --> 00:10:01,100 unlike other would-be dictators Saddam 181 00:10:01,100 --> 00:10:04,699 personally enjoys inflicting pain his 182 00:10:04,699 --> 00:10:07,879 torture chamber becomes infamous the 183 00:10:07,879 --> 00:10:12,910 name of the place was the palace of doom 184 00:10:13,540 --> 00:10:16,819 here he regularly takes part in torture 185 00:10:16,819 --> 00:10:18,889 and has great delight in coming up with 186 00:10:18,889 --> 00:10:23,350 a range of cruel and unusual techniques 187 00:10:23,350 --> 00:10:25,900 over the next decade he revels in 188 00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:31,150 perfecting 107 different methods there's 189 00:10:31,150 --> 00:10:33,220 a long list of torches that they were 190 00:10:33,220 --> 00:10:38,800 practicing like the falaqa lashes on the 191 00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:43,240 palms of your hands and and feet all 192 00:10:43,240 --> 00:10:47,830 kinds of electrocution what they call 193 00:10:47,830 --> 00:10:53,110 the parakeet hanging people from a fence 194 00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:57,280 on the ceilings and beating them the 195 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,280 submarine dropping the head of the 196 00:11:00,280 --> 00:11:08,670 person into a bucket full of water acid 197 00:11:09,630 --> 00:11:12,240 but they really enjoyed burning 198 00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:16,589 cigarettes into prisoners eyes 199 00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:24,620 he does his job so well general al-bakr 200 00:11:24,620 --> 00:11:28,590 makes Saddam his vice president 201 00:11:28,590 --> 00:11:32,400 he was a shooting star all of a sudden 202 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:36,780 almost out of knowing by 1968 Saddam 203 00:11:36,780 --> 00:11:39,050 Hussein unwanted by his mother 204 00:11:39,050 --> 00:11:41,670 unsuccessful assassin and unstoppable 205 00:11:41,670 --> 00:11:44,490 sadist is just a heartbeat away from 206 00:11:44,490 --> 00:11:48,690 ruling Iraq so one of the very first 207 00:11:48,690 --> 00:11:50,940 things mr. deputy as he likes to be 208 00:11:50,940 --> 00:11:53,640 called does is turn his sadistic mind 209 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:55,440 towards a vulnerable part of the 210 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:57,230 population 211 00:11:57,230 --> 00:12:01,650 Iraq's ancient Jewish community Jews 212 00:12:01,650 --> 00:12:04,740 were deeply hated by so many people in 213 00:12:04,740 --> 00:12:10,170 Iraq deeply hated it was just over two 214 00:12:10,170 --> 00:12:11,670 years after the six-day war 215 00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:13,910 [Music] 216 00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:16,970 in the Six Day War Iraq like Egypt like 217 00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:19,190 Syria like job who was beaten very badly 218 00:12:19,190 --> 00:12:20,509 by Israel 219 00:12:20,509 --> 00:12:23,660 so the hate for the Jews was absolutely 220 00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:28,670 palpable everywhere now Saddam puts into 221 00:12:28,670 --> 00:12:31,160 practice the anti-semitism his uncle 222 00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:36,589 could only write about he has 14 men and 223 00:12:36,589 --> 00:12:38,990 boys arrested and put on trial for 224 00:12:38,990 --> 00:12:42,319 spying for Israel there was hardly a 225 00:12:42,319 --> 00:12:44,959 trial it was a short trial the whole 226 00:12:44,959 --> 00:12:47,060 thing was one big joke there were no 227 00:12:47,060 --> 00:12:50,209 proof there was nothing among the 228 00:12:50,209 --> 00:12:53,060 accused is Samira Ilyas his 17 year old 229 00:12:53,060 --> 00:12:59,810 brother ESCO he was an ambitious 230 00:12:59,810 --> 00:13:02,650 charming boy 231 00:13:02,650 --> 00:13:06,710 yeah everybody loved him he was in love 232 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:15,440 with life in early 1969 the falsely 233 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:21,980 accused are hanged shown on TV but we 234 00:13:21,980 --> 00:13:25,460 couldn't watch it was too horrible to 235 00:13:25,460 --> 00:13:27,670 watch 236 00:13:28,070 --> 00:13:31,460 it just kept crying what else could be 237 00:13:31,460 --> 00:13:35,360 doing it was a black day it was a 238 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:41,660 horrible day beyond description life was 239 00:13:41,660 --> 00:13:46,070 over by the time Saddam is overthrown 240 00:13:46,070 --> 00:13:48,260 some three decades later there will only 241 00:13:48,260 --> 00:13:53,360 be 34 Jews left in Iraq but what the 242 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:55,430 cheering crowds fail to realize that day 243 00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:57,890 is that Saddam is sending a message to 244 00:13:57,890 --> 00:14:00,880 all Iraqis 245 00:14:01,209 --> 00:14:04,569 Saddam was very clever very clever he 246 00:14:04,569 --> 00:14:06,550 decided that it was beneficial to 247 00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:10,230 England to scare everyone every 248 00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:13,540 intelligent Iraqi Jewish Muslim 249 00:14:13,540 --> 00:14:17,829 Christian understood that this is a new 250 00:14:17,829 --> 00:14:21,009 hero they felt all of a sudden that they 251 00:14:21,009 --> 00:14:23,030 were becoming very vulnerable 252 00:14:23,030 --> 00:14:26,150 [Music] 253 00:14:26,369 --> 00:14:29,649 the Iraqi vice-president doesn't plan to 254 00:14:29,649 --> 00:14:33,759 get to the top by cruelty alone to 255 00:14:33,759 --> 00:14:35,470 achieve his ultimate ambition to become 256 00:14:35,470 --> 00:14:36,399 a great leader 257 00:14:36,399 --> 00:14:39,040 he's worked out he'll need Iraq to 258 00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:42,459 become great too with a full backing of 259 00:14:42,459 --> 00:14:45,429 president al Baca Saddam Hussein begins 260 00:14:45,429 --> 00:14:47,439 leading the country's complete social 261 00:14:47,439 --> 00:14:51,519 and economic revolution in 1972 he 262 00:14:51,519 --> 00:14:54,069 nationalizes the oil industry giving him 263 00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:56,559 fistfuls of cash to transform Iraq 264 00:14:56,559 --> 00:14:59,410 infrastructure this was a period of 265 00:14:59,410 --> 00:15:00,519 massive development 266 00:15:00,519 --> 00:15:03,160 this was a period of massive investment 267 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:06,339 by the state development all over the 268 00:15:06,339 --> 00:15:09,369 country he is also carrying out a 269 00:15:09,369 --> 00:15:12,160 massive campaign to eradicate illiteracy 270 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:16,119 and it earns Iraq an international price 271 00:15:16,119 --> 00:15:19,760 which was given by UNESCO 272 00:15:19,760 --> 00:15:21,340 [Music] 273 00:15:21,340 --> 00:15:24,410 if you don't challenge the system it's a 274 00:15:24,410 --> 00:15:28,400 wonderful time to be in Iraqi and Saddam 275 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:31,310 makes sure everyone knows it's all down 276 00:15:31,310 --> 00:15:33,290 to him 277 00:15:33,290 --> 00:15:36,450 there is a similarity a striking 278 00:15:36,450 --> 00:15:40,350 similarity between the Iraq and Germany 279 00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:43,650 once Hitler took over in 1933 if you 280 00:15:43,650 --> 00:15:46,590 remember Adolf Hitler became quite 281 00:15:46,590 --> 00:15:48,960 popular in the mid and late nineteen 282 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:51,680 thirties in Germany 283 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:57,029 Sadam became popular too with his 284 00:15:57,029 --> 00:15:59,250 security service quietly weeding out 285 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:01,709 opponents and as the public face of 286 00:16:01,709 --> 00:16:04,529 popular reform over the next 10 years 287 00:16:04,529 --> 00:16:08,459 Saddam's power base grows and grows by 288 00:16:08,459 --> 00:16:11,250 the mid-seventies is by far the most 289 00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:14,060 important figure in Iraq even if 290 00:16:14,060 --> 00:16:17,839 formerly his only device president 291 00:16:17,839 --> 00:16:21,269 Saddam's method was very clever Saddam 292 00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:22,949 was doing all these things in the 293 00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:26,100 background under the cover of running 294 00:16:26,100 --> 00:16:28,350 al-bakr x' government which actually 295 00:16:28,350 --> 00:16:32,779 helped Saddam consolidate his own power 296 00:16:33,260 --> 00:16:37,770 Sadam knew how to buy this time his 297 00:16:37,770 --> 00:16:40,190 patience is one of the most important 298 00:16:40,190 --> 00:16:43,680 characteristics confident he's done 299 00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:45,690 enough to prove his credentials as a 300 00:16:45,690 --> 00:16:48,450 leader Saddam sets in motion the next 301 00:16:48,450 --> 00:16:51,649 phase in his bid for ultimate power 302 00:16:51,649 --> 00:16:54,930 little by little he starts undermining 303 00:16:54,930 --> 00:16:58,070 his mentor and boss President Al Baca 304 00:16:58,070 --> 00:17:02,480 Saddam started bad-mouthing Bakr 305 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:06,230 he's saying to everybody he's old he's 306 00:17:06,230 --> 00:17:09,109 senile his father his sleeping meet 307 00:17:09,109 --> 00:17:13,549 beings he's no good wait until I come on 308 00:17:13,549 --> 00:17:16,579 and you'll see what kind of glory 309 00:17:16,579 --> 00:17:21,980 Iraq is going to be finally in July 1979 310 00:17:21,980 --> 00:17:24,679 he decides the time is right to achieve 311 00:17:24,679 --> 00:17:27,949 his destiny 17th of July revolution Day 312 00:17:27,949 --> 00:17:31,490 in Iraq on that day traditionally the 313 00:17:31,490 --> 00:17:34,640 president of Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-bakr 314 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:38,150 was supposed to give a speech but hours 315 00:17:38,150 --> 00:17:39,919 earlier on the eve of the annual 316 00:17:39,919 --> 00:17:42,650 celebrations Saddam makes the president 317 00:17:42,650 --> 00:17:45,700 an offer he can't refuse 318 00:17:45,700 --> 00:17:48,050 resign or else 319 00:17:48,050 --> 00:17:52,920 [Music] 320 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:55,800 Sadam accompanies al-bakr to make his 321 00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:59,360 televised resignation speech 322 00:18:00,540 --> 00:18:02,610 the general will spend the rest of his 323 00:18:02,610 --> 00:18:04,820 life under house arrest 324 00:18:04,820 --> 00:18:08,020 [Music] 325 00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:13,700 at only 42 years old Saddam Hussein is 326 00:18:13,700 --> 00:18:17,090 now president of Iraq 327 00:18:17,090 --> 00:18:20,720 he has a problem that not everybody 328 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:24,380 accepts his declaration and him as a 329 00:18:24,380 --> 00:18:25,250 president 330 00:18:25,250 --> 00:18:28,400 so the Saddam calculated minds start 331 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:33,410 thinking about the next step six days 332 00:18:33,410 --> 00:18:35,810 later the new president calls a special 333 00:18:35,810 --> 00:18:38,410 meeting of senior Baath Party members 334 00:18:38,410 --> 00:18:42,740 which he recalls this is the actual 335 00:18:42,740 --> 00:18:44,570 footage of what is one of the most 336 00:18:44,570 --> 00:18:48,440 notorious events of Saddam's reign you 337 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:49,970 are invited to the Congress without 338 00:18:49,970 --> 00:18:54,350 knowing what is on the agenda start with 339 00:18:54,350 --> 00:18:57,550 Saddam announcing that something very 340 00:18:57,550 --> 00:19:02,620 sad and tragic happened 341 00:19:03,919 --> 00:19:07,009 he claims he's uncovered a conspiracy 342 00:19:07,009 --> 00:19:10,070 against him 343 00:19:16,860 --> 00:19:19,419 he then introduces senior Baath Party 344 00:19:19,419 --> 00:19:22,950 member mookie abdullah hussein Mashhadi 345 00:19:22,950 --> 00:19:25,840 the man saddam claims as the plots 346 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,929 ringleader you can actually see how 347 00:19:28,929 --> 00:19:31,539 frightened he is when he starts telling 348 00:19:31,539 --> 00:19:36,399 the story of the conspiracy danny was 349 00:19:36,399 --> 00:19:40,770 simply promised his life in exchange for 350 00:19:40,770 --> 00:19:44,559 mentioning the names Mashhadi starts 351 00:19:44,559 --> 00:19:47,770 naming names his fellow conspirators he 352 00:19:47,770 --> 00:19:51,309 says are in this very room members of 353 00:19:51,309 --> 00:19:54,610 the security services now under Saddam 354 00:19:54,610 --> 00:19:56,980 Hussein's step-brother Vajrasana 355 00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:00,850 secretly take them out ten men are 356 00:20:00,850 --> 00:20:03,240 removed 357 00:20:04,999 --> 00:20:07,309 nobody knows if I'm going to be next or 358 00:20:07,309 --> 00:20:12,080 not then another ten and you see the 359 00:20:12,080 --> 00:20:15,529 faces of these people they are as white 360 00:20:15,529 --> 00:20:21,409 as snow then another time that fear that 361 00:20:21,409 --> 00:20:23,809 he evoked from these people 362 00:20:23,809 --> 00:20:28,369 he enjoyed Saddam is smoking one of 363 00:20:28,369 --> 00:20:31,669 those Cuban cigars that was given to him 364 00:20:31,669 --> 00:20:34,999 by his friend that Fidel Castro he's 365 00:20:34,999 --> 00:20:39,590 very calm very cool then ten more 366 00:20:39,590 --> 00:20:43,759 he sat back smiled smoked his cigar and 367 00:20:43,759 --> 00:20:47,389 he was thrilled he was enjoying the 368 00:20:47,389 --> 00:20:49,669 power and he knew that now he was going 369 00:20:49,669 --> 00:20:54,379 to have unrivaled power those left that 370 00:20:54,379 --> 00:20:56,659 had one choice and that is to be 371 00:20:56,659 --> 00:20:59,479 loyalist extreme loyalist and and to 372 00:20:59,479 --> 00:21:04,110 pledge their fealty to Saddam Hussein 373 00:21:04,110 --> 00:21:07,220 [Music] 374 00:21:07,520 --> 00:21:13,510 you have this ecstasy of the whole on 375 00:21:13,510 --> 00:21:18,110 exploding in long live Saddam no leave 376 00:21:18,110 --> 00:21:24,560 the bar in total 66 alleged traitors are 377 00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:28,130 removed a third are executed by firing 378 00:21:28,130 --> 00:21:36,190 spirit including Machado the purge of 379 00:21:36,190 --> 00:21:43,130 1979 is a watershed is a water from now 380 00:21:43,130 --> 00:21:47,510 on everybody is on notice you don't 381 00:21:47,510 --> 00:21:50,320 antagonize Saddam and there any 382 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:53,180 circumstances don't even try 383 00:21:53,180 --> 00:21:56,120 that's 1979 that's when Iraq is becoming 384 00:21:56,120 --> 00:21:59,080 a real dictator 385 00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:01,929 in just a couple of hours Saddam Hussein 386 00:22:01,929 --> 00:22:04,389 eliminates any traces of political 387 00:22:04,389 --> 00:22:08,940 opposition he has achieved total power 388 00:22:08,940 --> 00:22:12,129 but he has almost no time to bask in his 389 00:22:12,129 --> 00:22:14,730 own glory 390 00:22:15,090 --> 00:22:17,710 volcanic events abroad quickly pose a 391 00:22:17,710 --> 00:22:19,630 serious challenge to the fledgling 392 00:22:19,630 --> 00:22:21,370 dictator 393 00:22:21,370 --> 00:22:23,860 just months earlier the shower of 394 00:22:23,860 --> 00:22:25,690 neighboring Iran is overthrown by the 395 00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:27,910 Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah 396 00:22:27,910 --> 00:22:32,110 Khomeini for Saddam aside from a 397 00:22:32,110 --> 00:22:34,480 personal hatred of Hawaii the new 398 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:36,460 revolutionary Iran and its Islamic 399 00:22:36,460 --> 00:22:40,450 agenda is a threat to his regime most 400 00:22:40,450 --> 00:22:42,670 Iranians belong to the Shiite Muslim 401 00:22:42,670 --> 00:22:47,470 sect so do the majority of Iraqis Saddam 402 00:22:47,470 --> 00:22:49,809 and most of his government are Sunni 403 00:22:49,809 --> 00:22:51,490 Muslims Khomeini 404 00:22:51,490 --> 00:22:54,340 is calling for Iraq's Shiites to rise up 405 00:22:54,340 --> 00:22:56,620 against them it's a volatile situation 406 00:22:56,620 --> 00:23:00,730 that Saddam needs to control so another 407 00:23:00,730 --> 00:23:03,010 question is what to do we have to 408 00:23:03,010 --> 00:23:06,280 humiliate Khomeini and he says humiliate 409 00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:09,929 I want to stick his nose in the money 410 00:23:09,929 --> 00:23:13,240 once I do that they rakish Shiites who 411 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:14,710 love him so much we see that he is a 412 00:23:14,710 --> 00:23:21,910 paper tiger Saddam has another agenda to 413 00:23:21,910 --> 00:23:24,340 increase his power beyond Iraq's borders 414 00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:26,650 and become the preeminent force in 415 00:23:26,650 --> 00:23:29,950 Middle Eastern politics if he can defeat 416 00:23:29,950 --> 00:23:32,650 the historic enemy of the Arabs the 417 00:23:32,650 --> 00:23:35,080 Iranians he believes he will prove 418 00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:37,200 himself not only the strongman of Iraq 419 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:39,970 but of the entire Arab world 420 00:23:39,970 --> 00:23:43,929 he believes wholeheartedly that they 421 00:23:43,929 --> 00:23:46,360 will win the war within two to three 422 00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:53,160 weeks and the Khomeini will cry mother 423 00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:57,130 that this will be such a tremendous 424 00:23:57,130 --> 00:24:01,000 victory for Iraq that Iraq will become 425 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:04,920 the leader of the Arab world 426 00:24:09,730 --> 00:24:12,950 without warning on September the 22nd 427 00:24:12,950 --> 00:24:16,880 1980 Saddam sends his troops over the 428 00:24:16,880 --> 00:24:18,650 Iranian border 429 00:24:18,650 --> 00:24:20,950 [Music] 430 00:24:20,950 --> 00:24:23,720 he believes the fighting will be over in 431 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:25,740 days 432 00:24:25,740 --> 00:24:28,440 Iran was in the middle of evolution and 433 00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:31,290 the result of zeal in Iran in Iran has 434 00:24:31,290 --> 00:24:33,360 three times as large a population and 435 00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:37,230 three times as large apparently even not 436 00:24:37,230 --> 00:24:42,890 in hindsight he's a huge miscalculation 437 00:24:43,550 --> 00:24:47,460 two years later an estimated 100,000 438 00:24:47,460 --> 00:24:50,220 Iraqi soldiers are dead and thousands 439 00:24:50,220 --> 00:24:52,470 more are injured or languishing in 440 00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:57,780 Iranian POWs camps were still Iran is 441 00:24:57,780 --> 00:25:00,059 starting to take a rocky territory with 442 00:25:00,059 --> 00:25:03,000 the help of a shocking new tactic mass 443 00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:06,080 suicide attacks 444 00:25:06,710 --> 00:25:09,410 call the beseech these hundreds of 445 00:25:09,410 --> 00:25:11,240 thousands of young volunteers go to the 446 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:16,520 front intent on martyrdom Khomeini had 447 00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:20,510 those young volunteers 12 13 14 15 16 448 00:25:20,510 --> 00:25:23,990 years old who were running on the 449 00:25:23,990 --> 00:25:27,200 minefields to explode them and most of 450 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:30,980 the Basij didn't even have a rifle crazy 451 00:25:30,980 --> 00:25:35,690 tactics totally men actually made Saddam 452 00:25:35,690 --> 00:25:36,650 look good 453 00:25:36,650 --> 00:25:38,750 all of a sudden you know these crazy 454 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:40,850 guys who are dying to die 455 00:25:40,850 --> 00:25:46,160 this made Saddam looked really good for 456 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:48,530 the West the secular Saddam seems 457 00:25:48,530 --> 00:25:50,420 infinitely preferable to Iran's 458 00:25:50,420 --> 00:25:53,660 fanatical Islamic Revolution at that 459 00:25:53,660 --> 00:25:55,280 time of course the United States after 460 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:57,590 the hostage crisis we had tremendous 461 00:25:57,590 --> 00:26:00,440 animosity toward Iran and suddenly 462 00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:02,350 Saddam is a friend of the United States 463 00:26:02,350 --> 00:26:06,430 enemy of your enemy is your friend 464 00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:12,830 yet despite Western support he can't 465 00:26:12,830 --> 00:26:16,580 seem to win it was essentially trench 466 00:26:16,580 --> 00:26:19,280 warfare these guys had a front line of 467 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:21,530 troops and it would move forward a 468 00:26:21,530 --> 00:26:22,670 little bit and move backwards a little 469 00:26:22,670 --> 00:26:26,320 bit it was very World War one 470 00:26:27,030 --> 00:26:29,980 Sadam seeks a weapon to break the 471 00:26:29,980 --> 00:26:34,120 deadlock the kind of weapon only a 472 00:26:34,120 --> 00:26:41,520 sadist would ever use in top-secret 473 00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:43,810 Saddam has been building a chemical 474 00:26:43,810 --> 00:26:46,150 weapons arsenal that includes a nerve 475 00:26:46,150 --> 00:26:49,980 agent developed by the Nazis 476 00:26:50,350 --> 00:26:52,860 table 477 00:26:52,860 --> 00:26:55,500 former US Army dr. mark Greene who would 478 00:26:55,500 --> 00:26:58,679 later meet Saddam face-to-face knows 479 00:26:58,679 --> 00:27:02,850 just how deadly this chemical weapon is 480 00:27:02,850 --> 00:27:05,240 it's a sinister in that it's tasteless 481 00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:09,210 odorless colorless you don't know when 482 00:27:09,210 --> 00:27:10,740 the bomb goes off that there's a 483 00:27:10,740 --> 00:27:14,160 chemical that's been aerosolized 484 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:16,660 it kills very quickly and if it's a high 485 00:27:16,660 --> 00:27:18,370 concentration you pretty much are 486 00:27:18,370 --> 00:27:24,220 unconscious immediately even Hitler 487 00:27:24,220 --> 00:27:27,840 refused to use table on the battlefield 488 00:27:27,840 --> 00:27:34,620 Saddam has no such qualms Saddam Hussein 489 00:27:34,620 --> 00:27:39,160 was the kind of guy who failure was not 490 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:39,880 an option 491 00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,910 and he didn't care about it's horrific 492 00:27:42,910 --> 00:27:48,130 effects on humanity that was not even a 493 00:27:48,130 --> 00:27:53,080 part of the equation in 1983 he 494 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:55,210 unleashes his chemical weapons on 495 00:27:55,210 --> 00:28:00,100 Iranian soldiers the West turns a blind 496 00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:03,490 eye he calculates correctly they just 497 00:28:03,490 --> 00:28:07,470 won't care about dead Iranians 498 00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:14,830 with no check our balance on his 499 00:28:14,830 --> 00:28:18,760 activity on his actions with no-one who 500 00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:22,330 can actually challenge Saddam his heart 501 00:28:22,330 --> 00:28:24,370 just gets darker and darker and darker 502 00:28:24,370 --> 00:28:27,850 and what is right and wrong to you and I 503 00:28:27,850 --> 00:28:30,820 just isn't even a conscious thought of 504 00:28:30,820 --> 00:28:33,880 Saddam Hussein's having got away with 505 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,480 using WMDs in the war against Iran he 506 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,510 decides to use them again but this time 507 00:28:40,510 --> 00:28:42,610 his plan is to turn his chemical weapons 508 00:28:42,610 --> 00:28:47,560 on his own people for years in northern 509 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:49,900 Iraq he's had problems with the Kurdish 510 00:28:49,900 --> 00:28:54,670 minority the Kurds are different people 511 00:28:54,670 --> 00:28:56,830 they are not Arabs they are off a 512 00:28:56,830 --> 00:28:58,600 different ethnicity they speak a 513 00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:00,220 different language they have a different 514 00:29:00,220 --> 00:29:02,620 history they have never been completely 515 00:29:02,620 --> 00:29:05,110 integrated into the makeup of Iraqi 516 00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:08,470 society the Kurds want an independent 517 00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:12,160 homeland anoraks mudventure against Iran 518 00:29:12,160 --> 00:29:15,400 gives them their chance or so they 519 00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:18,910 thought it turns out Saddam isn't about 520 00:29:18,910 --> 00:29:23,800 to roll over without a fight this was a 521 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:28,470 very brutal means to actually humiliate 522 00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:31,930 the Kurds he's not gonna care at all 523 00:29:31,930 --> 00:29:34,540 about how these people might feel how 524 00:29:34,540 --> 00:29:37,570 they might suffer in fact if he imagined 525 00:29:37,570 --> 00:29:41,850 it he'd be amused one spring morning in 526 00:29:41,850 --> 00:29:44,950 1988 a mysterious cloud spreads across 527 00:29:44,950 --> 00:29:48,010 the Kurdish city of Halabja they smelled 528 00:29:48,010 --> 00:29:49,660 the smell of sweet apples they didn't 529 00:29:49,660 --> 00:29:51,130 really know what they were breathing and 530 00:29:51,130 --> 00:29:53,860 they were breathing poison the civilians 531 00:29:53,860 --> 00:29:58,259 in Halabja had no chance 532 00:29:58,259 --> 00:30:03,940 for some death is instant others suffer 533 00:30:03,940 --> 00:30:08,440 in excruciating agony the scenes of 534 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,440 Halabja remind one of the scenes of 535 00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:13,779 pompeii because people were living their 536 00:30:13,779 --> 00:30:15,489 own daily life and they were strangled 537 00:30:15,489 --> 00:30:18,690 to death by by breathing this poison 538 00:30:18,690 --> 00:30:21,819 [Music] 539 00:30:23,890 --> 00:30:26,890 5,000 civilians are dead 540 00:30:26,890 --> 00:30:30,920 nearly 10,000 more are maimed disfigured 541 00:30:30,920 --> 00:30:34,300 and disabled 542 00:30:35,250 --> 00:30:37,350 no other head of state has used chemical 543 00:30:37,350 --> 00:30:39,810 weapons against his own people like this 544 00:30:39,810 --> 00:30:41,970 before Saddam Hussein 545 00:30:41,970 --> 00:30:43,920 [Music] 546 00:30:43,920 --> 00:30:47,580 the horror is going to spread throughout 547 00:30:47,580 --> 00:30:51,540 that country and people are gonna see it 548 00:30:51,540 --> 00:30:54,810 and be aware of it and be threatened by 549 00:30:54,810 --> 00:31:01,380 it and be subdued so very clearly Saddam 550 00:31:01,380 --> 00:31:04,080 was making this statement and he made it 551 00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:09,360 very very loudly when the world 552 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:14,030 expresses concerns Saddam just lies 553 00:31:14,030 --> 00:31:16,680 sometimes they say that the Iranians did 554 00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:18,960 that sometimes they say they were 555 00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:21,510 actually targeting Iranian forces and 556 00:31:21,510 --> 00:31:25,530 not the town of Halabja ultimately the 557 00:31:25,530 --> 00:31:28,610 West once again turns a blind eye 558 00:31:28,610 --> 00:31:32,610 because in July 1988 Iran accepts a 559 00:31:32,610 --> 00:31:34,160 ceasefire 560 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:37,260 Saddam has fought Ayatollah Khomeini the 561 00:31:37,260 --> 00:31:41,750 West's enemy to a standstill 562 00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:47,140 the war ended in this stalemate eight 563 00:31:47,140 --> 00:31:53,050 years of death and pain and nothing 564 00:31:53,050 --> 00:31:58,870 accomplished estimates as high as over a 565 00:31:58,870 --> 00:32:01,710 million people died in that war for 566 00:32:01,710 --> 00:32:06,930 nothing for nothing 567 00:32:08,070 --> 00:32:10,529 the cost of this war is every bit as 568 00:32:10,529 --> 00:32:12,960 horrific for the Iraqis as for the 569 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,999 Iranians Iraq was devastated no potable 570 00:32:17,999 --> 00:32:21,720 water electricity roads were destroyed 571 00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:26,279 there was no food it was nothing but 572 00:32:26,279 --> 00:32:28,830 Saddam in classic dictator style 573 00:32:28,830 --> 00:32:32,609 declares himself the winner he didn't 574 00:32:32,609 --> 00:32:35,220 believe anything he wants because he's 575 00:32:35,220 --> 00:32:40,080 so egotistical he's so narcissistic but 576 00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:42,179 this phony victory comes at a terrible 577 00:32:42,179 --> 00:32:49,289 price his nation is in ruins half a 578 00:32:49,289 --> 00:32:52,679 million of his people are dead and he 579 00:32:52,679 --> 00:32:57,149 hasn't gained an inch of territory he 580 00:32:57,149 --> 00:32:59,099 responds like only a rampaging 581 00:32:59,099 --> 00:33:03,149 megalomaniac can with his very own Arc 582 00:33:03,149 --> 00:33:05,869 de Triomphe in the center of Baghdad the 583 00:33:05,869 --> 00:33:09,359 hands of victory complete with military 584 00:33:09,359 --> 00:33:13,409 helmets of dead Iranian soldiers the 585 00:33:13,409 --> 00:33:15,090 arms in the hands of Victory Monument 586 00:33:15,090 --> 00:33:18,210 are supposedly sculpted after Saddam's 587 00:33:18,210 --> 00:33:20,700 own and are part of his self 588 00:33:20,700 --> 00:33:23,159 aggrandizing character where he thinks 589 00:33:23,159 --> 00:33:25,889 that he is the strength of Iraq the arm 590 00:33:25,889 --> 00:33:28,379 seemed to signify that he defeated Iran 591 00:33:28,379 --> 00:33:31,259 on the battlefield he declares himself 592 00:33:31,259 --> 00:33:34,830 the new Nebuchadnezzar and rebuilds his 593 00:33:34,830 --> 00:33:37,799 great ancient city of Babylon every 594 00:33:37,799 --> 00:33:41,070 tenth brick said Babylon was rebuilt in 595 00:33:41,070 --> 00:33:45,690 the days of President Saddam every tense 596 00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:47,960 drink 597 00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:52,950 he puts his name everywhere everything 598 00:33:52,950 --> 00:33:55,080 was named Saddam International Airport 599 00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:59,039 Saddam this and on that and so is his 600 00:33:59,039 --> 00:33:59,580 face 601 00:33:59,580 --> 00:34:02,890 [Music] 602 00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:07,269 every birthday he gives the Iraqi people 603 00:34:07,269 --> 00:34:11,109 a special present another statue of 604 00:34:11,109 --> 00:34:12,690 himself 605 00:34:12,690 --> 00:34:16,780 people used to say in those days that we 606 00:34:16,780 --> 00:34:20,889 have 32 million Iraqis 16 million Iraqis 607 00:34:20,889 --> 00:34:24,730 are leaving Europe and 16 million Iraqis 608 00:34:24,730 --> 00:34:32,109 are Saddam Hussein's posters the 609 00:34:32,109 --> 00:34:34,000 constant use of Saddam's imagery and 610 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:36,129 daily life let's the Iraqi people know 611 00:34:36,129 --> 00:34:38,420 that there's no alternative to Saddam 612 00:34:38,420 --> 00:34:41,469 [Music] 613 00:34:41,969 --> 00:34:45,520 for all the statues and murals Saddam 614 00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:47,710 can't escape the fact he has driven his 615 00:34:47,710 --> 00:34:52,299 nation to financial ruin Saddam had gone 616 00:34:52,299 --> 00:34:54,760 into enormous debt with various Gulf 617 00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,520 states to fund the war with Iran and by 618 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:00,849 the end Saddam was greatly indebted to 619 00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:04,809 Saudi Arabia to Kuwait he owes them an 620 00:35:04,809 --> 00:35:08,079 estimated forty billion dollars a tab he 621 00:35:08,079 --> 00:35:11,380 has no intention of pain he pointed to 622 00:35:11,380 --> 00:35:13,450 the palm of his head said the cradle of 623 00:35:13,450 --> 00:35:15,609 human civilization is the Tigris and 624 00:35:15,609 --> 00:35:17,920 Euphrates River everyone on the planet 625 00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:20,740 is an Iraqi and I'm the president of 626 00:35:20,740 --> 00:35:21,780 Iraq 627 00:35:21,780 --> 00:35:24,000 and he was essentially saying that he 628 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,560 was the king of the world and he could 629 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:29,970 do whatever he wanted the self-styled 630 00:35:29,970 --> 00:35:32,400 king of the world turns his sights on 631 00:35:32,400 --> 00:35:34,140 his very rich and practically 632 00:35:34,140 --> 00:35:38,880 defenseless neighbor Kuwait the Kuwaiti 633 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:40,740 czar refusing to write off his ten 634 00:35:40,740 --> 00:35:44,460 billion dollar loan Saddam also suspects 635 00:35:44,460 --> 00:35:46,710 they are deliberately over producing oil 636 00:35:46,710 --> 00:35:49,620 to deflate the market harming his income 637 00:35:49,620 --> 00:35:55,020 he was angry don't get Saddam angry with 638 00:35:55,020 --> 00:35:56,640 the largest army in the Middle East at 639 00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:59,700 his disposal the answer seems obvious 640 00:35:59,700 --> 00:36:02,960 [Music] 641 00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:09,040 in August 1990 he sends more than 642 00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:13,420 100,000 troops into Kuwait 643 00:36:16,230 --> 00:36:18,760 Saddam's invasion of Kuwait was perhaps 644 00:36:18,760 --> 00:36:23,140 his most colossal miscalculation his era 645 00:36:23,140 --> 00:36:26,080 is that this time his enemy has friends 646 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:29,350 this will not stand this will not stand 647 00:36:29,350 --> 00:36:33,430 this aggression against Kuwait 648 00:36:33,430 --> 00:36:36,790 you have people who are essentially 649 00:36:36,790 --> 00:36:39,760 sworn enemies coming together to say no 650 00:36:39,760 --> 00:36:42,609 this is not going to be tolerated even 651 00:36:42,609 --> 00:36:45,819 Syria and Egypt the United States and 652 00:36:45,819 --> 00:36:50,079 Russia unite to oppose the invasion even 653 00:36:50,079 --> 00:36:53,319 the coalition against Nazi Germany and 654 00:36:53,319 --> 00:36:56,890 Imperial Japan wasn't as large as the 655 00:36:56,890 --> 00:37:03,119 coalition against Saddam Hussein Saddam 656 00:37:03,119 --> 00:37:09,760 Hussein had a gift he could ignore if it 657 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:13,690 served his purpose clear signs of an 658 00:37:13,690 --> 00:37:20,109 approaching storm and he felt that the 659 00:37:20,109 --> 00:37:23,200 Americans they cannot fight me because 660 00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:25,960 they don't want to lose people America 661 00:37:25,960 --> 00:37:28,660 cannot close people and I in one battle 662 00:37:28,660 --> 00:37:30,790 he is saying - April must be ambassador 663 00:37:30,790 --> 00:37:33,369 that I in one battle against the 664 00:37:33,369 --> 00:37:38,079 Iranians are lost 10,000 Iraqis in one 665 00:37:38,079 --> 00:37:40,690 battle they turn around for another 666 00:37:40,690 --> 00:37:44,369 battle can you do that 667 00:37:45,070 --> 00:37:49,540 On January the 16th 1991 Operation 668 00:37:49,540 --> 00:37:52,280 Desert Storm begins 669 00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:55,530 [Music] 670 00:37:58,660 --> 00:38:03,940 [Music] 671 00:38:03,940 --> 00:38:07,060 he says that I'm not really warned 672 00:38:07,060 --> 00:38:09,560 because when they start moving forward 673 00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:11,930 they'll suffer such great casualties 674 00:38:11,930 --> 00:38:14,690 that they will have to stop in their 675 00:38:14,690 --> 00:38:19,870 tracks and then machining create 676 00:38:21,919 --> 00:38:24,869 u.s. general Norman Schwarzkopf rolls 677 00:38:24,869 --> 00:38:26,909 over Saddam's million strong army in 678 00:38:26,909 --> 00:38:32,699 just 100 hours Kuwait is liberated the 679 00:38:32,699 --> 00:38:37,439 Iraqis are driven out and with those 680 00:38:37,439 --> 00:38:39,659 mission objectives achieved the 681 00:38:39,659 --> 00:38:41,669 coalition forces agree to leave the 682 00:38:41,669 --> 00:38:45,839 Iraqi president in power sensing a 683 00:38:45,839 --> 00:38:47,789 glimmer of weakness in his despotic 684 00:38:47,789 --> 00:38:50,639 regime for the first time large numbers 685 00:38:50,639 --> 00:38:54,259 of Iraqis rise up against Saddam Kurds 686 00:38:54,259 --> 00:38:57,130 Shiites 687 00:38:57,130 --> 00:39:01,490 Marche Arab tribes Saddam crushes all 688 00:39:01,490 --> 00:39:05,450 with customary savagery 1991 he killed 689 00:39:05,450 --> 00:39:10,160 at least 60,000 she young men at least 690 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:12,140 it was a matter of killing everybody 691 00:39:12,140 --> 00:39:14,420 whom he suspected of being part of the 692 00:39:14,420 --> 00:39:17,360 revolt against and the numbers were very 693 00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,390 large in a sickening act of 694 00:39:20,390 --> 00:39:23,270 psychological warfare Saddam has white 695 00:39:23,270 --> 00:39:26,930 flour dropped on the Kurds with memories 696 00:39:26,930 --> 00:39:29,090 of the gassing of Halabja fresh in their 697 00:39:29,090 --> 00:39:32,390 minds in just two months two million 698 00:39:32,390 --> 00:39:37,430 Kurds flee to refugee camps after 1991 699 00:39:37,430 --> 00:39:40,340 he didn't need to do so much any longer 700 00:39:40,340 --> 00:39:43,560 because people got the message 701 00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:46,590 leaving Saddam's propaganda machine to 702 00:39:46,590 --> 00:39:48,060 go into overdrive 703 00:39:48,060 --> 00:39:50,430 he says the Americans didn't dare attack 704 00:39:50,430 --> 00:39:52,890 me into Iraq only in Kuwait why because 705 00:39:52,890 --> 00:39:54,090 we were so afraid of us 706 00:39:54,090 --> 00:39:57,090 so he actually declares victory on the 707 00:39:57,090 --> 00:39:57,870 Americans 708 00:39:57,870 --> 00:40:03,450 in 1991 later on he says ok let's call 709 00:40:03,450 --> 00:40:06,930 it a special name the omen re the mother 710 00:40:06,930 --> 00:40:09,270 of all battles because nowhere in human 711 00:40:09,270 --> 00:40:12,740 history was such a battle ever warm in 712 00:40:12,740 --> 00:40:15,630 commemoration he creates something truly 713 00:40:15,630 --> 00:40:19,530 weird he's building this magnificent 714 00:40:19,530 --> 00:40:22,260 mosque called the most of the mother of 715 00:40:22,260 --> 00:40:25,650 all battles and this mosque has all 716 00:40:25,650 --> 00:40:28,500 sorts of anti-american symbols on it it 717 00:40:28,500 --> 00:40:32,820 has four minarets and each one is shaped 718 00:40:32,820 --> 00:40:39,930 like a scud missile aiming then on the 719 00:40:39,930 --> 00:40:43,620 top of the roof it says a huge article 720 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:48,420 of the laughs lab means no we are 721 00:40:48,420 --> 00:40:51,090 telling the Americans it was embargo and 722 00:40:51,090 --> 00:40:51,600 so on 723 00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:58,260 no he also puts in it a very large copy 724 00:40:58,260 --> 00:41:03,000 of a Quran written in his own blood now 725 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:06,210 is it really his own blood or could he 726 00:41:06,210 --> 00:41:08,670 possibly add some growth blood or some 727 00:41:08,670 --> 00:41:11,160 chicken blood oh I don't know I didn't 728 00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:14,130 check it and maybe he just added some 729 00:41:14,130 --> 00:41:16,950 diluting materials but the whole Quran 730 00:41:16,950 --> 00:41:20,460 is written in blood that says it's his 731 00:41:20,460 --> 00:41:22,559 blood 732 00:41:22,559 --> 00:41:25,390 it did take a few year it was a lot of 733 00:41:25,390 --> 00:41:27,160 blood it's a whole Quran for heaven's 734 00:41:27,160 --> 00:41:29,969 sake this is quite impressive when 735 00:41:29,969 --> 00:41:33,670 Saddam Hussein who remained in power he 736 00:41:33,670 --> 00:41:35,709 probably at that point realized he's 737 00:41:35,709 --> 00:41:37,690 invulnerable and that no one could 738 00:41:37,690 --> 00:41:39,969 overthrown and now all of these 739 00:41:39,969 --> 00:41:42,219 megalomaniac traits that he had were 740 00:41:42,219 --> 00:41:46,449 reinforced to an extreme the Iraqi 741 00:41:46,449 --> 00:41:48,729 dictator doesn't get away totally 742 00:41:48,729 --> 00:41:52,739 scot-free under tough UN sanctions 743 00:41:52,739 --> 00:41:55,900 Saddam can't sell any oil or buy any 744 00:41:55,900 --> 00:41:58,449 imports unless he can prove to the world 745 00:41:58,449 --> 00:42:04,989 he's got rid of his WMDs he has no 746 00:42:04,989 --> 00:42:08,430 intention of complying 747 00:42:19,770 --> 00:42:22,590 for the next decade he allows sanctions 748 00:42:22,590 --> 00:42:24,840 to inflict endless suffering on his 749 00:42:24,840 --> 00:42:27,750 people rather than open up to UN 750 00:42:27,750 --> 00:42:31,200 inspectors in one year alone 751 00:42:31,200 --> 00:42:34,200 UNICEF estimate up to 100,000 Iraqi 752 00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,020 children die for lack of food and proper 753 00:42:37,020 --> 00:42:41,880 medical supplies then al-qaeda's 9/11 754 00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:46,250 attacks on America change everything 755 00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:49,230 Saddam's defiance of UN weapons 756 00:42:49,230 --> 00:42:53,040 inspectors searching for WMDs causes the 757 00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:56,820 us to redefine his threat level states 758 00:42:56,820 --> 00:42:59,160 like these and their terrorist allies 759 00:42:59,160 --> 00:43:03,570 constitute an axis of evil arming to 760 00:43:03,570 --> 00:43:06,860 threaten the Peace of the world 761 00:43:09,990 --> 00:43:14,380 in March 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom 762 00:43:14,380 --> 00:43:17,250 begins 763 00:43:29,750 --> 00:43:32,730 just three weeks later us-led coalition 764 00:43:32,730 --> 00:43:35,900 forces occupy Baghdad 765 00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:41,549 among them is US Army dr. mark Greene he 766 00:43:41,549 --> 00:43:43,859 witnesses firsthand just how much the 767 00:43:43,859 --> 00:43:45,720 Iraqi people who were oppressed and 768 00:43:45,720 --> 00:43:49,020 tormented for the last 23 years hate 769 00:43:49,020 --> 00:43:53,339 Saddam Hussein I'll never forget going 770 00:43:53,339 --> 00:43:57,839 into Baghdad and the biggest smiles to 771 00:43:57,839 --> 00:44:00,420 say they were elated I think would be an 772 00:44:00,420 --> 00:44:01,579 understatement 773 00:44:01,579 --> 00:44:04,200 they were kissing what they were kissing 774 00:44:04,200 --> 00:44:06,780 us they were running out and giving 775 00:44:06,780 --> 00:44:09,900 kisses to American soldiers it was 776 00:44:09,900 --> 00:44:12,619 amazing 777 00:44:13,530 --> 00:44:17,660 but Saddam is nowhere to be found 778 00:44:19,360 --> 00:44:21,730 he eluded American forces who were in 779 00:44:21,730 --> 00:44:24,940 Iraq in large numbers and American 780 00:44:24,940 --> 00:44:26,650 intelligence was also in Iraq and large 781 00:44:26,650 --> 00:44:28,630 numbers and Saddam one of the most 782 00:44:28,630 --> 00:44:30,490 famous people on the planet was able to 783 00:44:30,490 --> 00:44:34,360 hide for a very long time the unit that 784 00:44:34,360 --> 00:44:36,820 I was assigned to had the mission of 785 00:44:36,820 --> 00:44:40,000 finding Saddam it's the ultimate game of 786 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:43,990 hide and seek eventually Greene's unit 787 00:44:43,990 --> 00:44:46,330 track him down to a farm a few miles 788 00:44:46,330 --> 00:44:54,340 from where he was born I'm listening to 789 00:44:54,340 --> 00:45:00,850 it over the satellite radio the guys are 790 00:45:00,850 --> 00:45:02,710 giving off the various checkpoints and 791 00:45:02,710 --> 00:45:04,150 code words from meaning that this 792 00:45:04,150 --> 00:45:06,220 building's been checked this building's 793 00:45:06,220 --> 00:45:08,730 been checked 794 00:45:22,700 --> 00:45:25,620 and I realize they're sort of repeating 795 00:45:25,620 --> 00:45:27,270 themselves as if they've gone back over 796 00:45:27,270 --> 00:45:29,340 the target and they're going over the 797 00:45:29,340 --> 00:45:32,240 target a second time 798 00:45:44,510 --> 00:45:46,940 I heard the operator come on the radio 799 00:45:46,940 --> 00:45:50,710 and say we've got jackpot 800 00:45:50,710 --> 00:45:55,540 we've got jackpot codeword for Saddam 801 00:45:55,540 --> 00:45:57,250 and I'm in the back of a helicopter 802 00:45:57,250 --> 00:45:59,410 jumping up and down giving high-fives to 803 00:45:59,410 --> 00:46:01,030 my buddy because we just captured Saddam 804 00:46:01,030 --> 00:46:04,800 Hussein it's pretty cool 805 00:46:05,630 --> 00:46:07,340 we didn't get Hitler we didn't get Pol 806 00:46:07,340 --> 00:46:10,490 Pot we got Saddam Hussein ladies and 807 00:46:10,490 --> 00:46:20,720 gentlemen we got him Saddam Hussein may 808 00:46:20,720 --> 00:46:22,310 look like a shell of the man who'd 809 00:46:22,310 --> 00:46:25,370 menaced the world for years but he's as 810 00:46:25,370 --> 00:46:28,370 defiant as ever he gets flown to this 811 00:46:28,370 --> 00:46:30,740 sort of intermediate area and they take 812 00:46:30,740 --> 00:46:33,590 the hood off and he's paraded through a 813 00:46:33,590 --> 00:46:38,090 cordon of special operators he's 814 00:46:38,090 --> 00:46:39,200 spitting on them 815 00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:41,690 yelling I'm the president of Iraq how 816 00:46:41,690 --> 00:46:43,460 dare you do this to me 817 00:46:43,460 --> 00:46:47,600 and then US Army dr. mark Greene is 818 00:46:47,600 --> 00:46:50,150 given a special mission he's put on 819 00:46:50,150 --> 00:46:53,480 suicide watch in the cell with Sudan and 820 00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:57,050 they start to talk his frizz my guess 821 00:46:57,050 --> 00:47:01,370 was palpable I have often described it 822 00:47:01,370 --> 00:47:04,940 as sort of a superior air and I'm 823 00:47:04,940 --> 00:47:08,090 talking to Saddam and I tell myself as 824 00:47:08,090 --> 00:47:11,510 he's so eloquent and a bit of a superior 825 00:47:11,510 --> 00:47:14,000 air mark don't become enamored by this 826 00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,550 guy because he'd kill your wife in front 827 00:47:16,550 --> 00:47:21,470 of you for a false confession nearly 828 00:47:21,470 --> 00:47:24,620 three years later in 2006 Saddam is 829 00:47:24,620 --> 00:47:26,840 found guilty of crimes against humanity 830 00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:29,930 and sentenced to death I am convinced 831 00:47:29,930 --> 00:47:31,820 that he did not think he was going to 832 00:47:31,820 --> 00:47:33,920 die whether he thought he was gonna live 833 00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:35,060 out the rest of his life on a 834 00:47:35,060 --> 00:47:37,010 Mediterranean island or something I 835 00:47:37,010 --> 00:47:39,770 don't know but he definitely didn't 836 00:47:39,770 --> 00:47:42,970 think that we would go through with it 837 00:47:43,910 --> 00:47:46,920 on the day of execution 838 00:47:46,920 --> 00:47:49,850 Saddam reportedly refuses his last meal 839 00:47:49,850 --> 00:47:53,820 he knew that there was no way back so 840 00:47:53,820 --> 00:47:56,400 why not sort of thumb his nose of the 841 00:47:56,400 --> 00:48:01,290 world's to the very end before dawn on 842 00:48:01,290 --> 00:48:05,100 December the 30th 2006 his executioner's 843 00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:07,730 come fair 844 00:48:16,519 --> 00:48:18,990 he knew he was gonna die when he went in 845 00:48:18,990 --> 00:48:30,859 that room still Saddam refuses the hood 846 00:48:36,440 --> 00:48:39,960 the hangman started taunt and mock their 847 00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:42,600 former leader the way that was all 848 00:48:42,600 --> 00:48:45,090 handled was just very poorly done it was 849 00:48:45,090 --> 00:48:48,750 very poorly done it was deserved a poor 850 00:48:48,750 --> 00:48:52,470 leader in a final act of defiance Saddam 851 00:48:52,470 --> 00:48:56,280 Hussein gives as good as he gets he's 852 00:48:56,280 --> 00:49:00,080 cut off mid tirade 853 00:49:02,789 --> 00:49:05,910 Saddam Hussein a murderous street thug 854 00:49:05,910 --> 00:49:08,069 who ruthlessly obliterated all 855 00:49:08,069 --> 00:49:11,339 opposition to get to the top sent 856 00:49:11,339 --> 00:49:13,140 hundreds of thousands to their deaths 857 00:49:13,140 --> 00:49:18,569 for his own vanity turned weapons of 858 00:49:18,569 --> 00:49:21,229 mass destruction on his own people and 859 00:49:21,229 --> 00:49:24,419 inflicted endless suffering leaving Iraq 860 00:49:24,419 --> 00:49:29,299 and living hell is dead 861 00:49:39,170 --> 00:00:00,000 you 93742

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