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(dramatic music)
- (soldiers shouting)
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BERTAN: I'm Robert Bertan,
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and I was there, in England,
not far from Hastings.
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and I was there, in England,
not far from Hastings.
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I was about to experience
the battle of a lifetime.
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- (soldiers shouting)
BERTAN: I knew the Anglo-Saxons,
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their king,
and the power they wielded.
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There they were,
lined up for battle.
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There they were,
lined up for battle.
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It was terrifying.
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- (battle trumpet blows)
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BERTAN: It was a hellish fight.
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One which would have
seemed hopeless...
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One which would have
seemed hopeless...
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..if not for the faith
we had in our lord, William.
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- (arrows whooshing)
- (soldiers shouting)
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(dramatic opening theme music)
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(haunting, powerful brass music)
- (wind whistling)
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NARRATOR:
It's 1066, in the south of England,
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NARRATOR:
It's 1066, in the south of England,
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near a cliff overlooking
the English Channel.
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Two men are about
to launch into a battle
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that will make them legends:
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that will make them legends:
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Harold, the new King of England...
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..and William, Duke of Normandy,
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who seeks the throne for himself.
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who seeks the throne for himself.
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- It is quite remarkable to think
about these two magnificent armies,
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facing each other
finally in Hastings.
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facing each other
finally in Hastings.
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And we know that,
by the end of the day,
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one of these men,
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either William or Harold,
will be slain,
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and the other will be
the King of England.
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and the other will be
the King of England.
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(tense music)
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- But now, these friends, allies,
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- But now, these friends, allies,
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their relationship has
completely broken down.
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William, Duke of Normandy,
who has come
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to invade his country
and take his crown.
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to invade his country
and take his crown.
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As far as William's concerned,
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Harold, who's standing at the top
of this hill, is a person
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who has usurped
the crown of England,
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who has usurped
the crown of England,
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has broken his oath to William.
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(battle music)
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NARRATOR: Many accounts
of the Battle of Hastings
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have swirled through history.
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have swirled through history.
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But few tell this story
of politics and war
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from the events of October 1066...
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..like this extraordinary artefact
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on display in Normandy, France:
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the Bayeux Tapestry.
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the Bayeux Tapestry.
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- (Bostal speaks French)
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NARRATOR: This chronicle
of the Battle of Hastings reveals
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the origin of the dispute
between Harold and William:
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the origin of the dispute
between Harold and William:
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a pact that would ultimately lead
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to a war of succession
between the two men.
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- (Bostal speaks French)
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- (Bostal speaks French)
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NARRATOR:
Harold took this oath in 1064.
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NARRATOR:
Harold took this oath in 1064.
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At that time, England was ruled
by King Edward the Confessor.
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His nation was rich and powerful
and the envy of all of Europe.
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However, there were storm clouds
in the distance.
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00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:12,480
However, there were storm clouds
in the distance.
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Edward the Confessor had no children
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and without an obvious successor
to the throne,
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an unsettled air permeated the land.
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an unsettled air permeated the land.
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Edward's own brother-in-law -
Harold Godwinson -
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was one of the men who believed
the throne should belong to him.
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- He had the respect,
not only of the King,
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but also the Witan, which was
a group of powerful nobles,
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who make decisions about
how to run the country.
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who make decisions about
how to run the country.
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (soldiers shouting)
- (swords clinking)
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- (soldiers shouting)
- (swords clinking)
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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NARRATOR: And yet, Edward had
already chosen his successor.
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And it was not Harold,
but someone of his own blood...
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And it was not Harold,
but someone of his own blood...
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..a relative who didn't even live
in England.
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- On the other side
of the English Channel in Normandy,
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- On the other side
of the English Channel in Normandy,
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you have William, Duke of Normandy,
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who is a cousin of King Edward.
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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NARRATOR: And part of the
Duchy of Normandy's influence came
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NARRATOR: And part of the
Duchy of Normandy's influence came
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from its ties to another power
player on the continent: the church.
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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(mellow choral chanting music)
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- (church bells tolling)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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NARRATOR: At the beginning of 1066,
Normandy's status is on the rise.
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Its leader, William, is on his way
to becoming King of England,
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Its leader, William, is on his way
to becoming King of England,
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the most powerful country in Europe.
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- 1066 is all about
a succession crisis.
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NARRATOR: A crisis whose origins
are carefully threaded
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NARRATOR: A crisis whose origins
are carefully threaded
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into the Bayeux tapestry.
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- (Bostal speaks Fench)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- (Bostal speaks French)
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(dramatic music)
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- (church bells tolling)
(mellow choral chanting music)
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00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:53,840
- (church bells tolling)
(mellow choral chanting music)
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00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:57,120
NARRATOR: The news speeds across the
English Channel in a matter of days
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and takes William by surprise.
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- (soldiers shouting)
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- (soldiers shouting)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- He has broken his oath to William,
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and has taken the crown
without due right.
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and has taken the crown
without due right.
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00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:21,680
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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- And William is determined then
to come to England
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- And William is determined then
to come to England
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to claim his rightful inheritance.
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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He's probably doing this
very quickly
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because he knows that there are
other claimants to the throne.
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00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:04,400
because he knows that there are
other claimants to the throne.
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00:11:06,120 --> 00:11:08,280
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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BERTAN: Harold betrayed us.
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BERTAN: Harold betrayed us.
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- (wind whistling)
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BERTAN: But then,
there's Harald, the Norwegian,
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00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:36,080
BERTAN: But then,
there's Harald, the Norwegian,
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who also claims
the royal title of England.
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How dare he!
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (speaks French)
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00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:32,000
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:32,240
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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(battle music)
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- This legendary group
of Housecarls,
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the very name tells you something
about the Scandinavian influence.
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And these are the people
who are, if you like,
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And these are the people
who are, if you like,
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the natural leaders
of the English Army in 1066.
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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(battle music)
- (soldiers shouting)
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- (speaks French)
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- (horse whinnies)
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- (horse whinnies)
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NARRATOR: Creating one of these axes
requires exceptional skill and time.
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It's an elite weapon that few
craftsmen are capable of making.
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00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:37,640
It's an elite weapon that few
craftsmen are capable of making.
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- (Lecouturier speaks French)
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NARRATOR: Vincent Lecouturier is
a wrought-iron craftsman
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specialising in the reproduction
of historic objects.
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- (speaks French)
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00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:28,000
(dramatic music)
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(dramatic music)
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NARRATOR: But neither
the reputation of Harold's army...
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- (warrior grunts)
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NARRATOR: ..nor the fear
of his Housecarls,
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was going to stop William.
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was going to stop William.
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(mellow choral chanting music)
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-He's convinced
of his own righteousness.
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-He's convinced
of his own righteousness.
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He's convinced that
what he's doing in 1066
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is not only simply aggrandising
his own personal position,
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but that God is on his side.
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but that God is on his side.
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- (Gondoin speaks French)
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00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:10,960
(dramatic battle music)
- (soldiers shouting)
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- And so he had the papal banner
with him flying in the wind,
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fluttering above the army.
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And, effectively, that was saying
that this was a holy war.
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And, effectively, that was saying
that this was a holy war.
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It was God's divine judgment
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that thought, you know, William
should be the one on the throne.
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that thought, you know, William
should be the one on the throne.
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(soft choral and string music)
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NARRATOR: With the Pope's support,
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William could now convince
the Norman nobles
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to rally behind his cause.
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to rally behind his cause.
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But it was still going
to be a treacherous affair.
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England is three times the size
of Normandy in land...
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and population.
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William had no choice but to ask
these other lords to join his quest.
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- (P Bouet speaks French)
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NARRATOR: Now that
he has gathered his forces,
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William faces a colossal challenge.
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In just a few months,
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In just a few months,
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he must pull off the equivalent
of the 1944 invasion of Normandy.
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And to invade England,
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he'll first need to brave
the English Channel.
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he'll first need to brave
the English Channel.
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00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:33,120
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:47,480
- (P Bouet speaks French)
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00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:04,920
- (Bostal speaks French)
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00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:51,320
- (Gondoin speaks French)
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00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:03,160
- (P Bouet speaks French)
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00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:28,000
BERTAN: For months,
all of Normandy was mobilised,
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00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:28,360
BERTAN: For months,
all of Normandy was mobilised,
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day and night, wherever they were.
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Many members
of my own family worked there,
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on this open-air
construction site.
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00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:36,840
on this open-air
construction site.
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Now the ships are assembled
and lined up.
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Nearly 700 of them!
226
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:44,000
Our fear of Harold and his massive
fleet seems to be shrinking...
227
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:47,440
Our fear of Harold and his massive
fleet seems to be shrinking...
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and we take heart.
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We reach the sea,
but none of us can swim.
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00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:55,200
We reach the sea,
but none of us can swim.
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00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:57,000
I've never even been on a boat.
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But we are committed - ready
to fight for the crown, for England.
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00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,440
But we are committed - ready
to fight for the crown, for England.
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00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,480
We all know that, in battle,
we will find glory,
235
00:20:05,640 --> 00:20:07,440
or we will find death.
236
00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:11,600
(dramatic string music)
237
00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:16,000
NARRATOR: Through his network
of spies and informants,
238
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:16,880
NARRATOR: Through his network
of spies and informants,
239
00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:18,960
Harold knows
what the Normans are up to.
240
00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:23,880
His ships wait for William's army
on England's southern shores.
241
00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:29,640
- Harold spends the summer prepared
for an invasion from Normandy.
242
00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:32,000
He masses his army
along the south coast of England.
243
00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:32,680
He masses his army
along the south coast of England.
244
00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:35,920
He himself spends a lot
of the summer on the Isle of Wight,
245
00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:37,880
expecting that part of Hampshire
246
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:40,000
to be the main thrust of, uh...
William's invasion.
247
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:40,440
to be the main thrust of, uh...
William's invasion.
248
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:45,280
NARRATOR: William knows that
his fleet is no match for Harold's,
249
00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:48,000
so he plans to land
somewhere unexpected.
250
00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:48,160
so he plans to land
somewhere unexpected.
251
00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:52,320
He leaves Dives-sur-Mer and stations
his army at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme.
252
00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:56,000
There is now just one thing standing
in his way: the weather.
253
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:56,240
There is now just one thing standing
in his way: the weather.
254
00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:00,840
- William, on the other side
of the English Channel,
255
00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:03,480
is waiting for the wind to change.
256
00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:04,000
The wind is blowing
in the wrong direction
257
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:05,280
The wind is blowing
in the wrong direction
258
00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:07,800
for him to be able to sail
across the English Channel.
259
00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:09,440
(dramatic music)
260
00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:12,000
NARRATOR: William's luck,
however, is about to change.
261
00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:12,360
NARRATOR: William's luck,
however, is about to change.
262
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:17,000
- The beginning of September,
Harold's resources run out.
263
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:20,000
The army who has been called up
need to go home for the harvest.
264
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,360
The army who has been called up
need to go home for the harvest.
265
00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:23,400
And so the army is sent back...
266
00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:26,800
..at exactly the point
when the wind changes.
267
00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:28,000
NARRATOR: After months of delay,
268
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:28,520
NARRATOR: After months of delay,
269
00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:31,200
the situation is finally
coming to a head.
270
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:34,400
William is ready to invade,
but he is not the only one!
271
00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:36,000
Harald Hardrada, also known as
Harald the Merciless, attacks first.
272
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:38,680
Harald Hardrada, also known as
Harald the Merciless, attacks first.
273
00:21:38,840 --> 00:21:40,160
- (Gondoin speaks French)
274
00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:52,000
- (soldiers shouting)
- (sword clinking)
275
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:53,600
- (soldiers shouting)
- (sword clinking)
276
00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:57,880
- (P Bouet speaks French)
277
00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:15,320
- (battle trumpet blows)
278
00:22:19,640 --> 00:22:20,840
- (Gondoin speaks French)
279
00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:30,240
(dramatic battle drum
and choral music)
280
00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:53,520
- It wasn't by chance that William
arrived at Pevensey Bay.
281
00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:56,000
It was a very carefully
calculated move.
282
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:57,560
It was a very carefully
calculated move.
283
00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:00,400
And he actually knew quite
a lot about Pevensey and Hastings
284
00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:03,880
because this area had
a particular connection to France.
285
00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:06,560
NARRATOR: Nearly 1,000 years
286
00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:09,040
after Julius Caesar landed
on the English coast,
287
00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,000
William and his men set foot on the
same spot that the Romans did.
288
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:12,560
William and his men set foot on the
same spot that the Romans did.
289
00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:15,560
The region has strong Norman ties,
290
00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:18,440
as it is partly owned
by the monks of Fecamp Abbey,
291
00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:20,000
who previously revealed all of its
secrets to the Duke of Normandy.
292
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:21,560
who previously revealed all of its
secrets to the Duke of Normandy.
293
00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:26,320
- They knew about the... the beach.
294
00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:28,000
He knew exactly
what it would be like to land there
295
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:28,440
He knew exactly
what it would be like to land there
296
00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:30,960
so that he could completely
prepare accordingly.
297
00:23:31,120 --> 00:23:34,720
So that was a real help
for William's calculations.
298
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:41,000
- One of the first things
that William does when he lands is
299
00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:43,800
to make the places
where he's staying defensible.
300
00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:44,000
He makes the old Roman fort
of Pevensey defensible,
301
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:48,840
He makes the old Roman fort
of Pevensey defensible,
302
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:52,000
In terms of message giving
to the local population,
303
00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:54,360
it's also saying
that William has arrived.
304
00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:56,320
- (Gondoin speaks French)
305
00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:16,000
NARRATOR: William mobilises
thousands of men
306
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:17,680
NARRATOR: William mobilises
thousands of men
307
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:20,160
over several days
to build his fortification.
308
00:24:22,120 --> 00:24:24,000
More than just
a defensive structure,
309
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:24,160
More than just
a defensive structure,
310
00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:27,920
building this tower means
claiming this land as Norman.
311
00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:30,720
- (Rio speaks French)
312
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,480
NARRATOR: Bertrand Rio
has recreated the building
313
00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:47,360
as it was in the time
of William the Conqueror.
314
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:49,800
- (Rio speaks French)
315
00:25:23,960 --> 00:25:25,320
- (Gondoin speaks French)
316
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:42,920
NARRATOR: Harold has no time
317
00:25:43,080 --> 00:25:44,000
to celebrate his victory
over the Norwegians.
318
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:45,480
to celebrate his victory
over the Norwegians.
319
00:25:45,640 --> 00:25:48,440
He hurries back to London
to call up more soldiers.
320
00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:50,600
After the battle at Stamford Bridge,
321
00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:52,000
he'd be wise to rebuild his army
322
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:52,520
he'd be wise to rebuild his army
323
00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:54,960
before facing off
with William of Normandy.
324
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:00,000
- William appears to have
deliberately provoked Harold.
325
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,000
- William appears to have
deliberately provoked Harold.
326
00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:05,600
When he's at Hastings,
he's ravaging the land around here.
327
00:26:05,760 --> 00:26:07,800
Now, much of the land
around here, uh...
328
00:26:07,960 --> 00:26:08,000
is the land of Harold himself;
329
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,720
is the land of Harold himself;
330
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:12,640
it's his personal property.
331
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:14,560
But also by ravaging land,
332
00:26:14,720 --> 00:26:16,000
by burning houses,
by pillaging this place,
333
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:16,480
by burning houses,
by pillaging this place,
334
00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:19,560
what William is demonstrating is
335
00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:21,520
that Harold is not a good Lord.
336
00:26:21,680 --> 00:26:23,920
He's not protecting his people.
337
00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:27,840
And so, having been provoked,
338
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,680
Harold is placed in a situation
where he obviously feels
339
00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:32,000
he has to rush down to this part
of Sussex as quickly as possible.
340
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,200
he has to rush down to this part
of Sussex as quickly as possible.
341
00:26:34,360 --> 00:26:35,800
He didn't have to.
342
00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:38,040
He could have waited in London
could have built his army up,
343
00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:40,000
but instead, fired by the victory
of Stamford Bridge
344
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:41,840
but instead, fired by the victory
of Stamford Bridge
345
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,080
just a few weeks earlier,
he rushes down.
346
00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:50,600
But William isn't staying
still at Hastings.
347
00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:54,800
He's aware that Harold is likely
to come down and approach him.
348
00:26:55,800 --> 00:26:56,000
But what William decides to do is
to move out away from Hastings.
349
00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:59,360
But what William decides to do is
to move out away from Hastings.
350
00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:01,720
He doesn't want to fight
with the sea at his back.
351
00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:03,040
(dramatic battle music)
352
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:05,480
- (Gondoin speaks French)
353
00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:24,080
NARRATOR: Harold and his men
have beaten the Normans
354
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:26,640
to the best position
on the battlefield.
355
00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:28,000
They overlook a hill covered
in apple trees...
356
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:29,520
They overlook a hill covered
in apple trees...
357
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:33,760
..an enviable,
elevated vantage point
358
00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:36,000
packed with 8,000 infantrymen,
359
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:36,200
packed with 8,000 infantrymen,
360
00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:39,040
centred around
the elite corps of Housecarls.
361
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:40,240
- (soldiers shouting)
362
00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:44,000
NARRATOR: They control the field
and if the Normans want to take it,
363
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:44,440
NARRATOR: They control the field
and if the Normans want to take it,
364
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:47,360
they will need to be the ones
to launch the attack.
365
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:52,000
- (Gondoin speaks French)
366
00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:52,560
- (Gondoin speaks French)
367
00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:57,080
- (battle trumpets blow)
368
00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:00,000
- The battle started
with the sound of trumpets.
369
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,920
- The battle started
with the sound of trumpets.
370
00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:05,200
You can just imagine this great
sound emerging from the battlefield.
371
00:28:05,360 --> 00:28:06,400
- (soldiers shouting)
372
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:09,600
- (P Bouet speaks French)
373
00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:23,080
(dramatic battle string music)
374
00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:28,040
- (Gondoin speaks French)
375
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:32,000
- (arrow whooshes)
376
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:32,320
- (arrow whooshes)
377
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:33,680
- (speaks French)
378
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:40,000
- (P Bouet speaks French)
379
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:40,080
- (P Bouet speaks French)
380
00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:56,000
- Harold, on top the hill,
381
00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:57,800
- Harold, on top the hill,
382
00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:01,240
aligns his soldiers
in the famous shield wall,
383
00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:04,000
a classic piece of English
tactical arrangement at this time.
384
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:06,760
a classic piece of English
tactical arrangement at this time.
385
00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:12,000
NARRATOR: Harold's Anglo-Saxon
infantry has developed
386
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:12,200
NARRATOR: Harold's Anglo-Saxon
infantry has developed
387
00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:14,400
a highly effective defensive
strategy
388
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:17,320
coordinating its elite units,
the Housecarls,
389
00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:20,000
with the Fyrds or local militias
made up more commonly of peasants.
390
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:21,080
with the Fyrds or local militias
made up more commonly of peasants.
391
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:27,240
- (Knight speaks French)
392
00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:30,320
NARRATOR: Archaeologist
Damien Bouet has studied
393
00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:33,240
this Anglo-Saxon art of defence
inside and out.
394
00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:34,400
- (D Bouet speaks French)
395
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:11,960
NARRATOR: Each soldier
carefully places his shield
396
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:13,960
slightly above his neighbour's.
397
00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:16,000
There's virtually no room
for enemy projectiles
398
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,560
There's virtually no room
for enemy projectiles
399
00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:20,800
to pierce the scales
of this giant shield.
400
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:24,000
All the opposition sees is
an impenetrable wall.
401
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:25,240
All the opposition sees is
an impenetrable wall.
402
00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:32,000
- (D Bouet speaks French)
403
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:32,040
- (D Bouet speaks French)
404
00:30:40,320 --> 00:30:41,760
- (Gondoin speaks French)
405
00:30:51,080 --> 00:30:52,600
- (speaks French)
406
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:55,200
- (Gondoin speaks French)
407
00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:09,160
NARRATOR: William's troops have
just suffered two stinging defeats.
408
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:12,000
His archers and his infantry
are now neutralised.
409
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:13,280
His archers and his infantry
are now neutralised.
410
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:16,400
The Duke of Normandy has no choice
411
00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:20,000
but to launch his army's
greatest weapon: the cavalry.
412
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:20,280
but to launch his army's
greatest weapon: the cavalry.
413
00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:26,560
- (Gondoin speaks French)
414
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:40,080
- (Bostal speaks French)
415
00:32:25,760 --> 00:32:27,680
- (P Bouet speaks French)
416
00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:48,000
(dramatic battle trumpets blow)
- (soldiers shouting)
417
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,440
(dramatic battle trumpets blow)
- (soldiers shouting)
418
00:32:51,720 --> 00:32:54,880
NARRATOR: The fate of the Normans -
and Wiliam's claim to the throne -
419
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:56,000
rests on the backs
of these fearsome horses.
420
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:57,400
rests on the backs
of these fearsome horses.
421
00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:01,000
After hours of fighting,
will they be able
422
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:03,400
to overcome the might
of the Housecarls?
423
00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:04,000
- So densely packed is
the English line.
424
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,120
- So densely packed is
the English line.
425
00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:09,120
And one of the things
the Normans particularly fear
426
00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:12,000
are the great battle axes
the English are wielding...
427
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:12,640
are the great battle axes
the English are wielding...
428
00:33:12,800 --> 00:33:14,560
- (grunts)
429
00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:16,440
- ..which can cut through armour,
430
00:33:16,600 --> 00:33:18,440
can cut through flesh,
can cut through horses.
431
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:20,000
So the carnage is
absolutely terrible.
432
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:21,400
So the carnage is
absolutely terrible.
433
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:23,480
(tense battle music)
434
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,400
- (soldiers shouting)
- (swords clinking)
435
00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:27,560
- (P Bouet speaks French)
436
00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:36,000
NARRATOR: The Norman cavalry -
the pride of William's army -
437
00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:36,520
NARRATOR: The Norman cavalry -
the pride of William's army -
438
00:33:36,680 --> 00:33:40,520
has failed to break
through Harold's defence.
439
00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:49,840
BERTAN: "The sun is now at its peak,
440
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:51,880
but our hopes grow dimmer.
441
00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:55,320
Rumours are spreading
that William is dying.
442
00:33:55,480 --> 00:33:57,800
Suddenly, I see a horseman.
443
00:33:57,960 --> 00:33:59,800
It's our Duke!
444
00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:00,000
And he shouts
to anyone within earshot:
445
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:02,440
And he shouts
to anyone within earshot:
446
00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:05,400
"God is on our side!"
447
00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:07,400
- (shouts in French)
448
00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:22,200
NARRATOR: William needs
to change his strategy quickly.
449
00:34:22,360 --> 00:34:24,000
While his Flemish
and Norman soldiers remain
450
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:24,360
While his Flemish
and Norman soldiers remain
451
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:25,720
at the bottom of the hill,
452
00:34:25,880 --> 00:34:29,280
he commands his Breton troops
to attack the English right flank.
453
00:34:32,400 --> 00:34:34,640
- (soldiers shouting)
454
00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:38,280
- At one point,
455
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:40,000
the Bretons on the left flank of
William's army fell back in retreat,
456
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,440
the Bretons on the left flank of
William's army fell back in retreat,
457
00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:45,120
and that the English
in front of them, witnessing this,
458
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:48,000
break ranks
and ran down the hill behind them.
459
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:48,840
break ranks
and ran down the hill behind them.
460
00:34:50,120 --> 00:34:52,560
- Harold's army breaks its shape,
461
00:34:52,720 --> 00:34:55,480
and that is the real key moment.
462
00:34:55,640 --> 00:34:56,000
The discipline in Harold's army,
that was the real strength,
463
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:58,200
The discipline in Harold's army,
that was the real strength,
464
00:34:58,360 --> 00:35:01,200
and when that fell through,
that's when he lost it.
465
00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:04,000
(dramatic battle music)
- (horses whinnying)
466
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:05,040
(dramatic battle music)
- (horses whinnying)
467
00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:08,200
- William was able
to order the knights
468
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:11,560
who are descending down the slope
to rearrange themselves
469
00:35:11,720 --> 00:35:12,000
and to cut down the English
and pursue them through the hill.
470
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:15,640
and to cut down the English
and pursue them through the hill.
471
00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:18,840
- (Gondoin speaks French)
472
00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:33,000
- They are finally able to inflict
real injury on the English.
473
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:36,000
And we're told the Normans decided
to take advantage of
474
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:39,720
And we're told the Normans decided
to take advantage of
475
00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:43,240
what they witnessed
when the left flank fell back
476
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:44,000
by feigning a retreat.
477
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:45,520
by feigning a retreat.
478
00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:49,360
- (Gondoin speaks French)
479
00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:56,720
- (P Bouet speaks French)
480
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:05,680
- (speaks French)
481
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:30,160
NARRATOR: William has finally landed
on an effective tactic
482
00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:31,680
to counter the English.
483
00:36:31,840 --> 00:36:32,000
He'll return to it throughout
the afternoon...
484
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,160
He'll return to it throughout
the afternoon...
485
00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:35,520
and little by little,
486
00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:38,800
his troops chip away
at Harold Godwinson's shield wall.
487
00:36:39,720 --> 00:36:40,000
The confrontation rages for hours
without a clear victor.
488
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:43,480
The confrontation rages for hours
without a clear victor.
489
00:36:43,640 --> 00:36:46,360
Already the longest battle
of the 11th century,
490
00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:48,000
the bloodletting at the Battle
of Hastings will continue.
491
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,240
the bloodletting at the Battle
of Hastings will continue.
492
00:36:51,560 --> 00:36:52,560
- (speaks French)
493
00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:17,800
- (soldiers shouting)
- (swords clinking)
494
00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:22,520
- (Gondoin speaks French)
495
00:37:30,560 --> 00:37:31,840
- (P Bouet speaks French)
496
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,000
- (arrows whooshing)
- (P Bouet speaks French)
497
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:44,160
- (arrows whooshing)
- (P Bouet speaks French)
498
00:37:58,360 --> 00:38:00,000
(sombre music)
- (soldiers shouting)
499
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:00,120
(sombre music)
- (soldiers shouting)
500
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:04,040
- (P Bouet speaks French)
501
00:38:12,520 --> 00:38:14,800
NARRATOR:
After nine hours of fierce fighting,
502
00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:16,000
the battle is finally over.
503
00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:17,200
the battle is finally over.
504
00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:20,400
Against all odds,
William, the Duke of Normandy,
505
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:22,720
has become William the Conqueror.
506
00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:24,000
- (P Bouet speaks French)
507
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:25,000
- (P Bouet speaks French)
508
00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:40,000
NARRATOR: Though he leaves
Hastings victorious,
509
00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:40,840
NARRATOR: Though he leaves
Hastings victorious,
510
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:44,080
two months will pass before William
is crowned King of England,
511
00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:47,760
on December the 25th, 1066.
512
00:38:48,600 --> 00:38:51,120
- The death of Harold is
something steeped in mystery,
513
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:52,520
which is quite strange
514
00:38:52,680 --> 00:38:56,000
because it's obviously the key
moment of William's success.
515
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:56,880
because it's obviously the key
moment of William's success.
516
00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,360
It's remarkable
that chroniclers at the time
517
00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:03,480
don't talk about it in the same way.
518
00:39:09,320 --> 00:39:10,320
BERTAN: We won.
519
00:39:11,560 --> 00:39:12,000
The English lost their nerve
and scattered in every direction,
520
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:15,160
The English lost their nerve
and scattered in every direction,
521
00:39:15,320 --> 00:39:18,520
leaving us alone
on that damned hill.
522
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:20,000
Now I see Harold's crown
on the ground.
523
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:22,920
Now I see Harold's crown
on the ground.
524
00:39:23,080 --> 00:39:26,520
He must be dead,
but how did this happen?
525
00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:33,200
- (Bostal speaks French)
526
00:39:53,240 --> 00:39:55,000
NARRATOR: William -
or one of his followers -
527
00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:58,600
created the myth of Harold's
"death by divine arrow."
528
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:00,000
But if you look closely
at the tapestry,
529
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:00,600
But if you look closely
at the tapestry,
530
00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:02,800
you'll find a second reference
to Harold's death.
531
00:40:04,120 --> 00:40:06,640
This image, brutal and raw,
532
00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:08,000
shows him butchered on Senlac Hill.
533
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:09,520
shows him butchered on Senlac Hill.
534
00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:15,960
PORTER: There are numerous stories
about how King Harold died.
535
00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:18,960
As years went by, his fall
at Hastings becomes legendary
536
00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:22,200
because Harold was such
a totemic figure for the English.
537
00:40:23,600 --> 00:40:24,000
If you take our earlier source,
538
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:25,120
If you take our earlier source,
539
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:28,200
that tells a quite horrific story
of how King Harold was standing
540
00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:29,680
here at the top of the hill,
541
00:40:29,840 --> 00:40:32,000
and he was taken down
by four knights -
542
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:32,360
and he was taken down
by four knights -
543
00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:35,360
one of whom was
William of Normandy himself -
544
00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:38,600
and he was literally hacked
to pieces on this spot.
545
00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:40,000
His head was taken off.
A lance was thrust in his chest.
546
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:42,400
His head was taken off.
A lance was thrust in his chest.
547
00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:44,640
He was essentially slaughtered.
548
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:48,000
NARRATOR: In the absence
of a recognisable corpse
549
00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:48,800
NARRATOR: In the absence
of a recognisable corpse
550
00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:50,680
or even a burial site,
551
00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:54,640
Harold's death goes on to inspire
legends and conspiracy theories.
552
00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:00,320
- (Gondoin speaks French)
553
00:41:15,320 --> 00:41:18,400
NARRATOR: William decides to rename
the site of the confrontation.
554
00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:20,000
From that point forward, it would
simply be known as "Battle."
555
00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:21,520
From that point forward, it would
simply be known as "Battle."
556
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:23,360
To pay tribute to the thousands
557
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:26,640
of Anglo-Saxon and Norman soldiers
who died there,
558
00:41:26,800 --> 00:41:28,000
he constructs an abbey,
now known as Battle Abbey.
559
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:30,560
he constructs an abbey,
now known as Battle Abbey.
560
00:41:31,720 --> 00:41:33,080
(deep choral chanting music)
561
00:41:34,880 --> 00:41:36,000
- I'm standing
at the traditional site
562
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:38,760
- I'm standing
at the traditional site
563
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:41,440
of the high altar of Battle Abbey.
564
00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:43,400
The abbey had two purposes:
565
00:41:43,560 --> 00:41:44,000
one was to remember William's
great victory at this spot,
566
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,800
one was to remember William's
great victory at this spot,
567
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,840
but also to atone
for the bloodshed as well.
568
00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:52,000
He wants the monks here to pray
for the souls of the departed
569
00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:54,640
He wants the monks here to pray
for the souls of the departed
570
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:57,000
and to pray for his soul as well.
He is the person...
571
00:41:57,160 --> 00:41:59,760
the lead person
who has, in a sense,
572
00:41:59,920 --> 00:42:00,000
caused a lot of the bloodshed here.
573
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:01,920
caused a lot of the bloodshed here.
574
00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:08,000
NARRATOR: William would continue
to fight against the Anglo-Saxons
575
00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:08,800
NARRATOR: William would continue
to fight against the Anglo-Saxons
576
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:11,080
for another five years.
577
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:13,960
It would take this long
for Harold's heirs
578
00:42:14,120 --> 00:42:16,000
and followers to finally submit.
579
00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:16,200
and followers to finally submit.
580
00:42:20,440 --> 00:42:21,800
- The battle of Hastings
was genuinely
581
00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:24,000
one of the most important events
in English history
582
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:25,400
one of the most important events
in English history
583
00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:27,920
because of the great legacy it left.
584
00:42:28,080 --> 00:42:31,600
This was not on...
It wasn't just changing a king,
585
00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:32,000
it was actually the start of
a brand-new dynasty: the Normans.
586
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:35,840
it was actually the start of
a brand-new dynasty: the Normans.
587
00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:38,800
And it completely reshaped
the country forever.
588
00:42:40,720 --> 00:42:44,200
- Until now, England has been
firmly in the sort of orbit
589
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:46,240
of the Scandinavian countries.
590
00:42:46,400 --> 00:42:48,000
For much of its cultural influences,
looked across the North Sea.
591
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:50,160
For much of its cultural influences,
looked across the North Sea.
592
00:42:50,320 --> 00:42:53,160
From now on, it's going be
looking across the English Channel
593
00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:55,160
towards the Kingdom of France.
594
00:42:56,920 --> 00:42:58,240
- (P Bouet speaks French)
595
00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:23,760
- And of course, ultimately it will
also feed into the great battles
596
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:26,840
and campaigns
of the Hundred Years' War.
597
00:43:28,840 --> 00:43:30,800
NARRATOR: The Battle of Hastings
linked England
598
00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:34,040
to the European continent
more strongly than ever...
599
00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:35,840
forging a new destiny
for a nation...
600
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:38,960
seemingly ready
to dominate the world.
601
00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:41,640
(dramatic closing string music)
602
00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:08,000
Subtitles by Sky Access Services
603
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:10,080
Subtitles by Sky Access Services
604
00:44:10,130 --> 00:44:14,680
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