Original subtitles

a prehistoric

a war between herbivores and carnivores

and the plenteous they seem to break all

of the rules there's nothing like them

around today for these plant 80 Giants

survival relies on a battery of weapons

and defenses as impressive on the inside

as they are on the outside

a single blow from those horns continue

now for the first time it's 65 million

Imaging technology takes us inside their

bodies to reveal just what the world's

toughest defenders are made of

America during the Cretaceous period

stockier escape for some of the toughest

meanest predators ever to inhabit

carnivores have evolved into flesh

ravine machines why

because dinner is not there for the

tractor

the prey they hunt are the most well

armed best protected animals in history

herbivores of the Cretaceous are built

to take on the biggest teeth and

sharpest claws Nature has ever produced

ankylosaurus has armor designed like a

bulletproof vest

Triceratops horns can pierce the heart

of a Tyrannosaurus Rex parecer office

can detect a threat the miles away

and a full-grown sauroposeidon is a

colossus too big to take down

these plant eaters are not for shows

they know they're not pansies we have

records quite a few of a dope

dinosaurian predators being killed by

herbivores it did happen it happens

today Lions get kicked in the face and

died from a single blows liver end of a

zebra

despite advanced defensive tools being a

plant-eater during the Cretaceous is no

picnic

these guys had to be able to deal with

living in a world with sophisticated

meters

there were Raptors hunting you there

were Tyrannosaurus hunting you

and there was death from the skies

in the form of Kensu koalas a 400-pound

playing carnivorous reptile

or the Raptor deinonychus fast and

lethal it has a top speed of 40 miles an

hour and claws they can slice right

through the toughest huh

yet there's one meteor who tops them all

Tyrannosaurus Rex is the most awesome

creature that has ever lived in the

history of the planet

the powerful jaws of Tyrannosaurus Rex

can fight down with 7,000 pounds of

force twice the power of a saltwater

croc

but the herbivores t-rex hunts do more

than just play defense they fight back

if there's an animal who's sent with

frightened of t-rex its stressor

it represents what happens when you will

follow something that can stand up to

the power of tyrannosaurus rex

Triceratops is the most dangerous

dinosaur probably the most dangerous

animal ever to evolved on land

this plant eater is a hulking

four-legged creature 26 feet long 10

feet high

Wayne six terms

Triceratops is an amazing animal simply

because it was absolutely enormous they

had this big massive body with a big gut

so you know we're talking about animal

that's maybe four or five times a

triceratops is half as tall as a t-rex

yet it weighs about the same

the difference is how that weight is

distributed

it's back legs are straight like a rhino

its front legs splay out like a lizard

this design pushes its center of gravity

toward the business end its head a head

that weighs 1,000 pounds the bottom line

when a triceratops digs in it's not

going anywhere

this bulldozer is built for a direct

frontal attack

this powerful head and shoulders protect

a body covered in the Hyksos on a t-rex

could slice right through tracer top so

had this wonderful protective thing on

the front of its head it's got a frill

that protects its neck one of the most

vulnerable places on the animal

through his solid bone six times thicker

than a human skull

to foil an opponent its strongest at the

edges

this frill forms an almost impenetrable

shield one able to repel the most

powerful jaws the earth has ever known

the frill the bone over the necklace

that deck it's in several layers and

it's a composite armour on top would be

a thick layer of fingernail like skin

almost impossible to bite through this

four-legged monster is well-protected

and dangerous Triceratops is heavily

armed and heavily armored and can kill

you

for a triceratops power is everything

sometimes they even take on members of

their own species in a battle for

dominance

this bruisers primary weapon a pair of

four-foot long horns mounted on its

skull

these horns make those of modern

creatures look lightweight

a rhino's horn is made of hair an

elephant tusk of ivory but Triceratops

horn is constructed of solid bone

growing directly out of the skull their

horns a foot wide at the base are able

to withstand up to 36 thousand pounds of

force that's strong enough to rip

through the body of a car

it is good to come back you and it can

move left and it can move right and can

swing those brow horns and the nose horn

at you in a great sphere of aggression

a single blow from those homes could

kill you

there's a reason Triceratops became the

most successful plant even at the

Cretaceous

and why a predator thinks twice before

that

the irony for hunting is that the hunter

is often weren't worried about their own

welfare they're actually concerned about

injuring themselves in that process any

predator puts its life at risk every

time it has even things like t-rex a

carnivore trying to bring down a

defender like this relies on a stealth

approach a surprise attack and a whole

lot of guts one could imagine that the

conflict between Tyrannosaurus and

Triceratops may have been one of the

greatest combats that naturist ever had

we have one of the greatest predators

nature has ever produced and one of the

greatest defenders nature has ever

produced

sparring off with some truly awesome

weaponry there's nothing like that in

the world today

tricera-cops most effective defensive

tool is one totally hidden from vehicle

a ball and socket joint which connects

it's 1,000 pound head to its neck

this joint gives Triceratops the ability

to maneuver its head almost 360 degrees

this phone is the closest nature has

ever produced to a perfect sphere it

allows movement in almost any direction

in a fraction of a second a triceratops

can place its head directly between its

body

it's like a gigantic white rhinoceros on

steroids

it's and always faces here this unique

adaptation this flexibility and

manoeuvrability is not found on any

other dinosaur before on any mammal

today

you could imagine it being able to turn

its head very rapidly very quickly one

direction or another Rhino can't do that

almost fencing with your horns that

touch their tops could do

the result

quite possibly a fatal blow

on average Triceratops kill TVs major

mortality factor and t-rex populations

was this tank deserve it this tank

supposing both strong solid oil and

dangerous weapons all deliver the power

to stand up to huge predators

but in the world of the Cretaceous how

the Dementors come equipped with tools

not only to survive an attack but to

defeat an opponent

and Kyla Soros is an herbivore designer

he'll freak Montana

sixty-eight million years

prehistoric plant eaters lived everyday

with the target on their back to avoid

becoming dead they rely on specialized

evolutionary adaptations

in turn alarm advanced designs and

armaments copper than anything found on

animals

these are animals that have defensive

herbivores who seemed to do marvels of

engineering very dangerous heavily armed

heavily armored targets the Triceratops

can hold its own against almost any

predator

with three horns and a bony shield even

the t-rex keeps its distance an

ankylosaurus is completely different

it may be an herbivore but it has the

tools to stop an attacker dead in its

tracks

and Kaila source was a walking tank the

massively armed and armored animal 30

feet long and weighing in at four tonnes

and Kyla Soros calls the American West

home interesting thing about in Kyla

Sora's which makes them kind of cool is

that they're their pelvis has been

modified so it's very broad they have an

enormous gut and they were probably

engaging what's called fermentation

digestion and we see that in like cows

and horses and whatnot done they use

bacteria to break down the cellulose in

the material the problem is that you

probably would not want to be downwind

of it of an income sources just probably

just a stinking machine walking its way

through the forest digesting plant

fibers the hardest job in the ecosystem

and ankylosaurus tackled that job which

is why it needed that enormous bulk

gigantic stomachs subdivided and

testings and that means you're slow

you're very slow and you have to feed 12

15 18 hours a day and you're vulnerable

for most of the day and therefore you

have to have static Armour

small and low-slung this vegetarian can

not only survive a t-rex attack but

sometimes it can even defeat one its

first line of defense a tank like body

its primary form of defending itself

might be hunkering down onto the ground

letting its armored body protect from

the teeth and the claws of the

Tyrannosaurus

and Kaila sources specialized armors

designed to be strong and lightweight

skeletal plates embedded in the skin are

aligned in regular rows down the neck

back and hips

spaces between the plates allow this

hulking creature to a free

while similar to scales found on today's

praça dials or alligators the way these

plates are constructed makes them a

whole lot tougher

ankylosaurus has not won

the three layers of armor and the head

so protected by SiC bone that not even

an adult female t-rex could inflict a

killing bite

the plates are totally unlike the bones

of metals they're made of criss-crossing

layers of minerals and collagen fibers

made of protein that strengthen bone the

way steel rods reinforce concrete

it's a design used today in bulletproof

jackets interwoven layers can absorb the

power of a piercing attack

and Karla Soros pretty much was not

afraid of anything

because it would be very difficult to

kill this beast

this creatures armor protects something

else as well its eyes

the eyelids of an ankylosaurus are made

of bone

Penkala sores are enormous they didn't

have legs they didn't need to chase

after their prey the vegetation it

wasn't going anywhere it was just there

they had these bone plates that had

formed in if skin and this is similar to

what we see in crocodiles armor on the

back well with inkowl's burrows they

went even farther they case their entire

backs their sides the bellies even

developed these bones in the eyelid so

that had armored eyelids yet a body

covered in steel tough armor is only the

beginning

ankylosaurus also has a powerful

offensive weapon its tail a club that

can pummel an opponent with 43,000

pounds of force

the top half is composed of muscle

the vertebrae on the lower half are

fused together to form a solid rod like

with

this tail can snap more than 45 degrees

in either direction

at the very end is a bony mass like a

built-in sledgehammer

a giant mace that's really well built

for smashing into the heads or the legs

of Tyrannosaurus and its relatives all

tail this tail packs a punch powerful to

shatter the leg bones of almost any

predator no matter how good that club

could crush bone shatter teeth if not

killed outright wounded in such a way

that's likely to starve to death like a

wrecking ball Wayne almost 100 pounds

swinging at a speed of 48 miles per hour

it strikes a devastating blow

the tip is designed not to spin on

impact it absorbs the stress of all that

fire

the hammer gives because it's not solid

bone instead it's honeycombed with soft

tissue marrow blood and fat

and Kyla Soros combines steel like

protective plates with a powerful

offensive weapon the result a creature

with hugh rivals over more than a

hundred million years of evolution

Nakano source represents the end of the

history of the armored dinosaurs the

ultimate and dinosaurian tanks

but some dinosaurs don't rely on body

armor and weapons for defense they have

an entirely different strategy

much much bigger

Montana

it's not called the Wild West for

nothing

hungry predators are everywhere

in response prey developed an awesome

array of defensive strategies

strategies that don't rely on

intelligence but on physical traits

sauroposeidon is a gargantuan beasts

growing 250 tonnes or more

swore Poseidon was one of the largest

animals that ever lived on land

if you're gigantic they're fewer and

fewer predators that can attack you also

getting big as the only game in town

a fully-grown sauroposeidon is 60 feet

tall and almost 100 feet long

it's neck alone is four stories long

a single vertebrae almost as tall as a

grown man

and a single thigh bone always over

habit

they seem to break all the rules there's

nothing like them around today

painting over 72 million calories of

fresh meat you'd think sauroposeidon

would be the jackpot for a bloodthirsty

carnivore they don't have horns they

don't have armor really the only

anti-predator defense they have is sheer

size but size does matter when a Goliath

like this is fully grown even the most

vicious predators keep their distance

even the most ferocious Raptor at the

Cretaceous Deinonychus yet at 200 pounds

this Raptor pales in comparison to its

50 ton quarry

if we're talking about a single adult

deinonychus and a single adult

sauroposeidon the story goes stuff like

this but for a sauroposeidon reaching

all sizes can take years worse fossil

evidence shows that juveniles live alone

separated from the herd until they reach

at least a third of their adult weight

that means for nearly a decade they

wandered the forest alone and that

forest is crawling with Deinonychus

intelligent and well-off they hunt on

their own or sometimes in packs

they run with a top speed of 40 miles

per hour these Raptors can take on a

youngster

for a young sauroposeidon there's just

one solution

get big fast

and that's going to take a lot of fuel

number-one concern in life would be

feeding the Beast

the land is covered in bass poorest of

ferns pines and monkey bust an ancient

conifer

many of these plants have almost no

nutritional value

the hardest job in the animal world the

dinosaur world was not t-rex his job

digesting me is a piece of cake it's

very very simple digesting plant fibers

the hardest job in the world to gain

enough nutrients to grow indestructible

large sauroposeidon has to chow down

huge amounts of vegetation they were

like walking vacuum cleaners you've got

40 or 50 tons of flesh to feed and you

eat low-quality food you have to put

away hundreds of pounds maybe a ton of