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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,209 --> 00:00:08,809 The body of a Black man 2 00:00:10,509 --> 00:00:11,609 has been found hanging from a tree in Mobile, Alabama. 3 00:00:13,409 --> 00:00:15,743 Lynching is a tool to control and oppress Black people. 4 00:00:17,409 --> 00:00:20,143 Racialized violence is as old as the constitution. 5 00:00:21,209 --> 00:00:21,509 Klans are not running around 6 00:00:22,809 --> 00:00:23,076 with white sheets over their head 7 00:00:23,776 --> 00:00:24,543 but it's still happening 8 00:00:26,109 --> 00:00:26,709 Today, people are horrified over Police. 9 00:00:27,609 --> 00:00:28,243 [angry crowd shouting] 10 00:00:29,276 --> 00:00:29,709 It's the modern-day lynching. 11 00:00:32,543 --> 00:00:34,543 What are we going to do about it? 12 00:00:35,743 --> 00:00:37,476 We move forward with people deciding, 13 00:00:38,743 --> 00:00:41,076 I'm bold enough, and I'm gonna make it change. 14 00:00:42,176 --> 00:00:42,676 Beulah Mae Donald took on 15 00:00:44,276 --> 00:00:46,443 one of the most violent criminal organizations 16 00:00:47,409 --> 00:00:48,043 in the United States. 17 00:00:49,443 --> 00:00:51,209 This is an incredible story of courage. 18 00:00:54,643 --> 00:00:55,709 [somber music] 19 00:01:02,576 --> 00:01:02,643 [radio announcer] The body of a Black man 20 00:01:04,276 --> 00:01:05,776 has been found hanging from a tree in Mobile, Alabama. 21 00:01:11,376 --> 00:01:11,776 [serene music] 22 00:01:18,176 --> 00:01:20,209 [Cecelia] Living in Mobile, was a quiet town. 23 00:01:23,109 --> 00:01:24,309 It's nothing but old trees. 24 00:01:26,443 --> 00:01:28,509 But after March 1981... 25 00:01:34,376 --> 00:01:36,043 it was, kinda like, creepy to me to just look at the trees. 26 00:01:37,309 --> 00:01:38,809 [somber music continues] 27 00:01:42,609 --> 00:01:43,643 The hurt is still there, 28 00:01:45,276 --> 00:01:46,409 the hurt my mom went through. 29 00:01:47,409 --> 00:01:48,709 I just visualize her face, 30 00:01:50,209 --> 00:01:51,809 and I go, like, I can't talk about it today. 31 00:01:55,476 --> 00:01:55,743 [slide projector clicking] 32 00:02:00,109 --> 00:02:01,509 My mama, Beulah Mae Donald, was a quiet woman. 33 00:02:02,509 --> 00:02:03,476 She was a good-hearted person. 34 00:02:04,743 --> 00:02:05,343 All the neighborhoods that we have lived in, 35 00:02:06,276 --> 00:02:06,609 everybody loved her. 36 00:02:09,309 --> 00:02:11,709 Mrs. Donald was a very well-liked person 37 00:02:12,709 --> 00:02:13,309 because of her personality. 38 00:02:15,576 --> 00:02:17,243 She'd volunteer her time working with children, 39 00:02:18,543 --> 00:02:19,676 a model mother. 40 00:02:20,676 --> 00:02:22,209 [slide projector clicking] 41 00:02:22,276 --> 00:02:23,409 [Cecelia] Michael was my brother. 42 00:02:24,676 --> 00:02:25,743 Michael was well-loved. He was quiet. 43 00:02:26,643 --> 00:02:27,276 He worked at night, 44 00:02:28,643 --> 00:02:30,176 and he kept my oldest son during the day time. 45 00:02:32,109 --> 00:02:34,643 Michael was a well-mannered, and a polite, young man. 46 00:02:36,343 --> 00:02:40,076 Michael is a true example that hard work pays off. 47 00:02:42,643 --> 00:02:44,309 The housing project we lived in, everybody knew each other. 48 00:02:45,576 --> 00:02:47,343 And this family cooked, we ate from them, 49 00:02:48,609 --> 00:02:49,543 and if my mom cooked, they ate from us. 50 00:02:50,809 --> 00:02:51,276 There was gangs and stuff back then, 51 00:02:52,443 --> 00:02:52,476 but we didn't get involved in it. 52 00:02:54,709 --> 00:02:55,609 My mom was always sitting on the porch, 53 00:02:57,076 --> 00:02:57,576 waiting on us to arrive home from school. 54 00:03:00,276 --> 00:03:01,776 If he came home and I was lying down, 55 00:03:03,743 --> 00:03:05,043 he'd do, you know, little things to help. 56 00:03:06,143 --> 00:03:07,443 That's the kind of boy he was. 57 00:03:11,409 --> 00:03:12,576 [Cecelia] We didn't know nothing about the world 58 00:03:14,043 --> 00:03:14,309 and what the world was doing out there. 59 00:03:15,676 --> 00:03:16,443 We just knew that we lived in the housing project, 60 00:03:17,609 --> 00:03:18,743 but we could not venture away from home. 61 00:03:20,209 --> 00:03:21,476 We had to always be where she could call us. 62 00:03:25,776 --> 00:03:27,809 People call it sheltered. I call it living a good life. 63 00:03:29,276 --> 00:03:29,609 [soft piano music] 64 00:03:35,309 --> 00:03:36,576 [ominous music] 65 00:03:43,109 --> 00:03:44,443 [Cecelia] We were all gathered at my sister's house, Betty. 66 00:03:46,043 --> 00:03:46,809 And we would always sit around on Friday night, 67 00:03:48,409 --> 00:03:49,543 'cause she lived right round the corner from my mom. 68 00:03:51,243 --> 00:03:52,643 And so my niece, Vanessa, said, "I need some cigarettes". 69 00:03:55,043 --> 00:03:55,809 Michael said, "I'll walk up there and get 'em." 70 00:03:57,809 --> 00:03:58,409 He said that he needed him some cigarettes. 71 00:03:59,809 --> 00:04:01,176 So he would go to the service station on Davis Avenue. 72 00:04:02,709 --> 00:04:04,643 He left and then he didn't come, so we thought he was at home. 73 00:04:07,576 --> 00:04:08,276 [Cecelia] They got to bed later on that night 74 00:04:09,176 --> 00:04:10,309 and he never came back. 75 00:04:11,743 --> 00:04:12,776 Vanessa, she say, "He took my money and went home." 76 00:04:14,343 --> 00:04:14,676 I say, "He probably did" She say, "I'm gonna get him." 77 00:04:16,243 --> 00:04:16,776 And we start laughing. I say, "Yeah, you get him." 78 00:04:19,243 --> 00:04:21,509 You know, everybody's assuming he gone home to my mom. 79 00:04:22,309 --> 00:04:23,643 [ominous music] 80 00:04:25,209 --> 00:04:26,143 [Cornell Brooks] As a woman of profound faith, 81 00:04:27,509 --> 00:04:29,576 Beulah Mae Donald had, not a dream, but a vision. 82 00:04:31,076 --> 00:04:34,176 In her vision, she saw her son in a casket. 83 00:04:34,776 --> 00:04:36,609 [ominous music] 84 00:04:38,209 --> 00:04:39,376 [Beulah Mae] In my vision, my body rolled 85 00:04:40,743 --> 00:04:41,809 in front of my living room and lay there, 86 00:04:43,376 --> 00:04:44,609 a brown-skinned man in a gray casket. 87 00:04:45,676 --> 00:04:46,309 I couldn't tell who he was. 88 00:04:49,276 --> 00:04:51,676 But when I woke up, I-- I was hurt. 89 00:04:54,309 --> 00:04:55,709 And that's when I began to call all my children. 90 00:04:56,509 --> 00:04:57,109 [phone ringing] 91 00:05:03,609 --> 00:05:04,176 The next morning she called 92 00:05:05,476 --> 00:05:05,709 and said she hadn't seen him all night. 93 00:05:06,576 --> 00:05:07,676 [phone ringing] 94 00:05:09,243 --> 00:05:10,543 And I say, "You haven't?" And she say, "No." 95 00:05:11,809 --> 00:05:12,443 That Saturday morning, 96 00:05:13,509 --> 00:05:14,676 a friend of ours called and said, 97 00:05:16,243 --> 00:05:17,443 "Look, you guys need to come over here on Herndon." 98 00:05:19,076 --> 00:05:20,543 They got a Black man, hanging from a tree over here. 99 00:05:24,276 --> 00:05:26,609 We would just stall and say, "What, are you serious?" 100 00:05:28,609 --> 00:05:29,143 [Policeman] You're gonna have to move. 101 00:05:30,643 --> 00:05:30,676 -[Robert Gilliard] Can I speak with you a moment? 102 00:05:33,576 --> 00:05:34,143 The information I have, you can tell me 103 00:05:35,209 --> 00:05:35,443 whether it's true or not, 104 00:05:36,709 --> 00:05:38,143 that a Black man was found in a tree. 105 00:05:39,643 --> 00:05:41,676 I was advised that if anybody was talking to me, 106 00:05:43,143 --> 00:05:44,276 I was supposed to talk to a supervisor. 107 00:05:45,543 --> 00:05:46,176 -Yeah, all right. All right. -Thanks. 108 00:05:49,776 --> 00:05:51,343 Beautiful spring morning, 109 00:05:52,676 --> 00:05:55,243 temperatures high 50s, low 60s at daylight 110 00:05:56,609 --> 00:05:58,309 I'm coming in Spring Hill Avenue, 111 00:05:59,676 --> 00:06:02,243 I hear a couple of transmissions over the police radio. 112 00:06:03,276 --> 00:06:04,343 It was actually called in 113 00:06:05,709 --> 00:06:08,543 by the first reporting patrol officer as one dead. 114 00:06:28,776 --> 00:06:29,443 [Chris Galanos] On the way down there, 115 00:06:31,043 --> 00:06:32,809 what was going through my mind was trying to anticipate 116 00:06:34,043 --> 00:06:35,043 what I was going to find. 117 00:06:36,209 --> 00:06:37,609 And most importantly, what, if any, 118 00:06:38,776 --> 00:06:39,776 witnesses were going to be there. 119 00:06:42,243 --> 00:06:43,576 And then there was another part of me that said, 120 00:06:45,309 --> 00:06:47,609 whatever you see, don't let your emotions 121 00:06:48,776 --> 00:06:50,476 get in the way of what you got to do. 122 00:06:54,076 --> 00:06:54,143 [Wilbur Williams] I thought I was one of those people 123 00:06:55,076 --> 00:06:56,276 that could handle most anything. 124 00:06:58,209 --> 00:07:00,776 As long as I have my faculties, 125 00:07:01,776 --> 00:07:02,443 that picture that morning, 126 00:07:03,609 --> 00:07:05,509 will be etched in my mind forever. 127 00:07:19,209 --> 00:07:20,609 And then the Police Department 128 00:07:22,209 --> 00:07:25,143 got a call about a wallet found in a dumpster. 129 00:07:26,409 --> 00:07:27,676 Then that's when we found an ID card 130 00:07:29,343 --> 00:07:32,209 identifying the young man as Michael Anthony Donald. 131 00:07:34,176 --> 00:07:36,276 That morning, one of my cousins called and said, 132 00:07:37,776 --> 00:07:38,743 -"They believe it's Michael." -[slide projector clicking] 133 00:07:39,576 --> 00:07:41,176 "It's him" 134 00:07:42,443 --> 00:07:43,209 That's all I could say was, "It's him." 135 00:07:47,143 --> 00:07:48,276 [crying] 136 00:07:49,709 --> 00:07:50,676 I was just numb. 137 00:07:52,243 --> 00:07:52,676 I couldn't believe that this was happening to us. 138 00:07:54,043 --> 00:07:55,243 And I looked outside my mom's door, 139 00:07:56,243 --> 00:07:57,309 and it was people everywhere. 140 00:07:58,543 --> 00:07:59,376 I mean, everywhere in the neighborhood. 141 00:08:00,376 --> 00:08:01,509 They had come from far and near. 142 00:08:03,243 --> 00:08:04,143 My sister, Cynthia Hamilton, 143 00:08:05,409 --> 00:08:07,243 she went to identify the body, with my husband. 144 00:08:10,243 --> 00:08:10,809 All he had done, 145 00:08:12,509 --> 00:08:13,543 was left his mom's house that night 146 00:08:14,543 --> 00:08:15,743 to walk to the service station 147 00:08:16,776 --> 00:08:18,176 to buy a pack of cigarettes... 148 00:08:25,643 --> 00:08:26,709 Not knowing what was waiting for him. 149 00:08:31,209 --> 00:08:33,176 I can only imagine what Mrs. Donald went through. 150 00:08:40,276 --> 00:08:41,209 The crowd just gathered. 151 00:08:42,209 --> 00:08:42,776 People started gathering here. 152 00:08:44,476 --> 00:08:46,109 Senator Michael Figures and I, we jumped in the car. 153 00:08:48,143 --> 00:08:50,576 Senator Michael Figures was the de facto leader 154 00:08:51,476 --> 00:08:52,476 of the Black community. 155 00:08:54,476 --> 00:08:57,109 As a lawyer, Michael was there to gather facts. 156 00:08:58,143 --> 00:08:58,576 We'd started looking around, 157 00:08:59,743 --> 00:09:00,109 trying to talk to people over there 158 00:09:01,409 --> 00:09:02,409 to see if anybody knew exactly what happened, 159 00:09:03,343 --> 00:09:04,043 who was involved. 160 00:09:05,409 --> 00:09:07,309 -[slide projector clicking] -[urgent music] 161 00:09:08,476 --> 00:09:09,676 Someone has taken a young man, 162 00:09:10,576 --> 00:09:11,409 hung him in a tree. 163 00:09:12,809 --> 00:09:13,809 Who would do something this hideous in the community? 164 00:09:15,309 --> 00:09:16,109 -[slide projector clicking] -[urgent music] 165 00:09:17,109 --> 00:09:19,076 What's going through my mind is, 166 00:09:20,343 --> 00:09:20,376 -[slide projector clicking] -[urgent music] 167 00:09:21,376 --> 00:09:24,276 who the hell did this and why? 168 00:09:25,076 --> 00:09:26,176 [urgent music] 169 00:09:33,676 --> 00:09:34,443 [newsreader] In Mobile, Alabama, last night... 170 00:09:35,476 --> 00:09:35,776 [newsreader] Mobile, Alabama... 171 00:09:37,309 --> 00:09:37,376 [newsreader] 19-year-old, Michael Donald 172 00:09:38,376 --> 00:09:38,576 was brutally beaten and hanged. 173 00:09:40,243 --> 00:09:40,443 [newsreader] The victim was battered and lynched. 174 00:09:41,709 --> 00:09:42,343 [newsreader] The lynching of teenager... 175 00:09:44,209 --> 00:09:44,709 [newsreader] ... throat slit, face beaten, mangled hands... 176 00:09:46,409 --> 00:09:46,676 [newsreader] The apparent lynching of a teenager 177 00:09:48,043 --> 00:09:49,176 in Mobile, Alabama has echoes 178 00:09:50,609 --> 00:09:51,776 of the long-forgotten murder of Emmett Till. 179 00:09:54,576 --> 00:09:55,809 [slide projector clicking] 180 00:09:57,409 --> 00:09:59,143 [newsreader] The brutal lynching of Emmett Till 181 00:10:00,409 --> 00:10:01,743 one of the most barbaric atrocities 182 00:10:03,543 --> 00:10:05,109 committed against a child in the history of mankind. 183 00:10:11,309 --> 00:10:12,309 [Ollie Gordon] Emmett was more like a sibling than a cousin. 184 00:10:13,609 --> 00:10:14,543 He was our guardian. He was a jokster. 185 00:10:16,209 --> 00:10:18,209 He pulled all kind of pranks. He was a typical 14-year-old. 186 00:10:19,643 --> 00:10:21,376 Thirty days ago I was very busy getting Emmett 187 00:10:22,343 --> 00:10:23,076 to go away on a trip 188 00:10:24,576 --> 00:10:25,609 that I thought would be the highlight of his 14 years. 189 00:10:26,609 --> 00:10:27,376 But my baby was taken 190 00:10:28,776 --> 00:10:30,076 from his uncle's home and my aunt's home. 191 00:10:31,476 --> 00:10:32,709 And I found out about it 9.30, Sunday morning. 192 00:10:38,643 --> 00:10:40,309 [Ollie Gordon] The only thing they did wrong 193 00:10:41,776 --> 00:10:44,243 in the eyes of society is that they were born Black boys. 194 00:10:45,243 --> 00:10:45,743 They were innocent. 195 00:10:47,443 --> 00:10:49,676 They were going about life, trying to get their education. 196 00:10:51,509 --> 00:10:52,543 They weren't committing any crimes. 197 00:10:54,476 --> 00:10:57,143 They were killed because of the color of their skin. 198 00:11:01,243 --> 00:11:03,176 I didn't want it to happen to nobody else's child 199 00:11:04,109 --> 00:11:05,276 like it has mine. 200 00:11:06,509 --> 00:11:07,043 You don't know what the agonies 201 00:11:07,776 --> 00:11:08,276 until you go through it. 202 00:11:11,709 --> 00:11:15,643 [Chris Galanos] I remember going to Mrs. Donald's apartment. 203 00:11:17,476 --> 00:11:21,376 There was no anger expressed, no bitterness. 204 00:11:22,809 --> 00:11:26,043 It was you just go out and do what you've got to do. 205 00:11:27,543 --> 00:11:29,476 We do not have a suspect. we do not have a motive. 206 00:11:30,609 --> 00:11:31,509 We are gathering facts. 207 00:11:33,776 --> 00:11:35,143 Michael, he was at his sister's house, 208 00:11:36,143 --> 00:11:37,343 watching a basketball game. 209 00:11:38,676 --> 00:11:39,109 [newsreader] Michael Donald was last seen 210 00:11:40,743 --> 00:11:42,609 at 11 o'clock, Friday night, here, at the home of his aunt. 211 00:11:44,543 --> 00:11:47,443 At 11 p.m. he had some conversation with his sister. 212 00:11:48,443 --> 00:11:49,343 He said, "I have a dollar. 213 00:11:50,543 --> 00:11:52,076 I'm going to get a pack of cigarettes." 214 00:11:53,343 --> 00:11:54,343 And he was headed to a service station 215 00:11:55,343 --> 00:11:56,576 that was just a few blocks away. 216 00:11:57,743 --> 00:11:59,609 That was the last time he was seen. 217 00:12:01,143 --> 00:12:03,143 Nobody saw anything. Nobody heard anything. 218 00:12:04,543 --> 00:12:07,076 We just started investigating everything we could. 219 00:12:08,576 --> 00:12:10,743 The midnight shift officers that had discovered the body, 220 00:12:12,109 --> 00:12:13,609 started relating all of the incidents 221 00:12:15,076 --> 00:12:16,343 that had occurred throughout the night. 222 00:12:17,709 --> 00:12:19,043 There was an issue with a taxi driver 223 00:12:20,309 --> 00:12:21,476 that would not respond to his dispatcher. 224 00:12:22,743 --> 00:12:24,476 He was last reported on Herndon Avenue. 225 00:12:25,476 --> 00:12:26,576 Someone burned a small cross 226 00:12:28,043 --> 00:12:29,409 at the back of the courthouse downtown 227 00:12:30,576 --> 00:12:32,109 during the early part of the night. 228 00:12:33,476 --> 00:12:36,443 And then a domestic squabble had actually occurred 229 00:12:38,043 --> 00:12:39,743 over on Dolphin Street, which is three blocks away. 230 00:12:41,543 --> 00:12:44,076 There were three male subjects involved. 231 00:12:45,476 --> 00:12:48,543 Ralph Eugene Hayes and Jimmy and Johnny Edgar. 232 00:12:50,209 --> 00:12:52,209 Mr. Hayes had failed to come home from work that evening. 233 00:12:53,376 --> 00:12:55,476 Hayes lived at 115 Herndon Avenue. 234 00:12:57,176 --> 00:13:00,643 Simply because of the proximity, we obtained permission to search 235 00:13:02,109 --> 00:13:05,243 and that was when we found a gun, a knife, 236 00:13:06,609 --> 00:13:10,409 a picture of a hangman's noose, hanging in a tree. 237 00:13:11,409 --> 00:13:11,743 [slide projector clicking] 238 00:13:13,243 --> 00:13:14,509 We brought him to Police headquarters downtown 239 00:13:15,409 --> 00:13:16,243 and questioned him. 240 00:13:19,243 --> 00:13:20,109 And then all of a sudden, 241 00:13:21,509 --> 00:13:24,809 a character surfaced by the name of Johnny Ray Kelly. 242 00:13:26,176 --> 00:13:27,509 Mr. Kelly said that on Friday night 243 00:13:28,776 --> 00:13:30,376 he was five blocks west of Herndon Avenue, 244 00:13:31,176 --> 00:13:31,743 on Spring Hill. 245 00:13:33,243 --> 00:13:33,676 And he said, "I was standing out here, 246 00:13:35,143 --> 00:13:37,043 and up walked Jimmy, Johnny and Ralph." 247 00:13:38,309 --> 00:13:40,043 [Chris Galanos] Kelly claimed that he observed 248 00:13:41,043 --> 00:13:44,243 blood on Ralph Hayes' clothes. 249 00:13:45,643 --> 00:13:48,743 Ralph told them that he had, "Jumped a Black dude." 250 00:13:50,343 --> 00:13:54,609 And Ralph has a spot of blood this big on his T-shirt. 251 00:13:56,343 --> 00:13:59,143 And one of the Edgar boys is literally cleaning blood out 252 00:14:00,543 --> 00:14:01,576 from under his fingernails with a pocket knife. 253 00:14:03,043 --> 00:14:04,143 This was evidence that was piling up. 254 00:14:05,543 --> 00:14:08,309 So four days later, we arrested and charged them 255 00:14:09,476 --> 00:14:10,409 for the murder of Michael Donald. 256 00:14:12,276 --> 00:14:13,543 [typewriter keys clacking] 257 00:14:20,809 --> 00:14:22,043 We have them in jail, 258 00:14:23,409 --> 00:14:25,443 we're starting to pick up pieces here and there. 259 00:14:27,243 --> 00:14:28,643 We determined that there had been a burglary 260 00:14:30,243 --> 00:14:32,309 that had occurred at the end of Herndon Avenue. 261 00:14:33,676 --> 00:14:35,343 When we finally figured out who the burglar was, 262 00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:38,609 he admits that he saw two guys 263 00:14:40,076 --> 00:14:43,176 fighting with a Black guy at the tree. 264 00:14:44,076 --> 00:14:45,043 They weren't fighting. 265 00:14:46,309 --> 00:14:47,743 They were trying to get his body lifted up 266 00:14:48,743 --> 00:14:49,509 to get him hung into the tree. 267 00:14:51,076 --> 00:14:52,776 Well, you can't put a burglar on the witness stand 268 00:14:54,143 --> 00:14:54,776 and expect the jury to believe him. 269 00:14:58,143 --> 00:14:59,809 The biggest issue that came up during the investigation 270 00:15:01,309 --> 00:15:02,376 was that information that was coming in 271 00:15:03,376 --> 00:15:04,143 was coming from every direction. 272 00:15:06,343 --> 00:15:10,343 Mobile had a fairly significant late night street population. 273 00:15:11,343 --> 00:15:12,243 Talking about drug addicts. 274 00:15:15,543 --> 00:15:16,643 [Cecelia] The detectives was trying to see 275 00:15:18,176 --> 00:15:19,543 was there something tied in with drugs. 276 00:15:20,476 --> 00:15:21,143 And they want to know 277 00:15:22,309 --> 00:15:23,443 was he involved in anything like that. 278 00:15:24,343 --> 00:15:25,776 And I go, like, no. 279 00:15:27,743 --> 00:15:28,809 [negating] He wasn't. 280 00:15:29,609 --> 00:15:31,176 [confirming] 281 00:15:32,609 --> 00:15:35,509 There's this assumption, literally, of Black criminality 282 00:15:36,509 --> 00:15:38,209 when it comes to Black victims. 283 00:15:39,609 --> 00:15:41,509 What happens is a postmortem character assassination. 284 00:15:43,076 --> 00:15:45,476 Instead of investigating the perpetrators of a crime, 285 00:15:46,476 --> 00:15:47,509 we criminalize the victim. 286 00:15:48,409 --> 00:15:49,809 And this is a pattern 287 00:15:50,809 --> 00:15:52,309 that we saw with Trayvon Martin, 288 00:15:53,343 --> 00:15:54,776 what we saw with George Floyd, 289 00:15:56,143 --> 00:15:57,409 and what we saw with Sandra Bland. 290 00:15:59,509 --> 00:16:04,176 We saw this with Mamie Till, who had to defend 291 00:16:05,343 --> 00:16:09,109 her 14-year-old child's reputation. 292 00:16:11,376 --> 00:16:14,643 And Eric Garner's mother, having to defend her son 293 00:16:17,476 --> 00:16:19,709 who simply did not want to be harassed. 294 00:16:21,109 --> 00:16:22,509 They want to assassinate our child twice. 295 00:16:23,676 --> 00:16:24,476 They want to kill them on the street 296 00:16:26,076 --> 00:16:28,309 and then they want to assassinate their character. 297 00:16:29,809 --> 00:16:31,676 So we have to get out there and say, "No, you're wrong." 298 00:16:33,043 --> 00:16:35,576 Let me tell you who my child was." 299 00:16:38,243 --> 00:16:41,543 Michael Donald was an innocent, good Samaritan, not a thug, 300 00:16:45,743 --> 00:16:49,143 So we obtained permission to search Michael's room, 301 00:16:50,409 --> 00:16:52,776 and basically found nothing in his bedroom. 302 00:16:54,143 --> 00:16:55,643 We knew the kind of young man he was. 303 00:16:56,809 --> 00:16:58,343 We knew the kind of family he had. 304 00:16:59,343 --> 00:17:00,076 Some people were trying to say 305 00:17:01,243 --> 00:17:01,576 that we don't think it's an issue 306 00:17:03,143 --> 00:17:04,676 that has anything to do with violation of civil rights. 307 00:17:06,276 --> 00:17:07,209 We don't think it has anything to do with race. 308 00:17:08,476 --> 00:17:08,809 We think it was something with a drug deal 309 00:17:09,809 --> 00:17:10,143 that went bad or something. 310 00:17:11,143 --> 00:17:11,676 We knew that wasn't the case. 311 00:17:13,276 --> 00:17:14,609 You couldn't convince anybody in the Black community. 312 00:17:15,409 --> 00:17:16,543 [somber music] 313 00:17:17,809 --> 00:17:18,776 So we had to just live and work through it 314 00:17:20,376 --> 00:17:22,409 because we knew that he was just an innocent person. 315 00:17:23,343 --> 00:17:24,076 He was innocent in this. 316 00:17:25,243 --> 00:17:27,043 They tried to deviate from the truth, 317 00:17:28,443 --> 00:17:31,309 to take the attention from what really happened. 318 00:17:35,443 --> 00:17:36,676 [solemn music] 319 00:17:40,609 --> 00:17:41,443 [typewriter keys clacking] 320 00:17:46,176 --> 00:17:46,676 [muted Church chatter] 321 00:17:49,643 --> 00:17:51,343 The funeral people came over 322 00:17:52,609 --> 00:17:54,743 and the lady held my mom's hand and she said, 323 00:17:56,109 --> 00:17:59,143 "I don't think you wanna open him up." 324 00:18:00,543 --> 00:18:01,743 Just the idea they took him and hung him, 325 00:18:03,609 --> 00:18:05,209 just hung him up. 326 00:18:06,276 --> 00:18:07,743 They beat him unmercifully. 327 00:18:09,443 --> 00:18:10,543 I didn't even know what he looked like as my child. 328 00:18:12,609 --> 00:18:13,509 The undertaker didn't want me to see 329 00:18:15,309 --> 00:18:16,576 where they'd made a footprint on his face with their boots. 330 00:18:17,476 --> 00:18:19,176 The casket was open, 331 00:18:22,043 --> 00:18:24,176 the sight was horrible. 332 00:18:25,643 --> 00:18:27,709 But Mrs. Donald, 333 00:18:29,076 --> 00:18:31,543 as did the mother of Emmett Till, 334 00:18:33,109 --> 00:18:36,676 wanted the world to see what they had done to her son. 335 00:18:42,609 --> 00:18:43,543 [newsreader] At this store, the murdered Negro child, 336 00:18:45,176 --> 00:18:45,743 Emmett Till, is alleged to have whistled 337 00:18:46,709 --> 00:18:47,543 at Roy Bryant's wife. 338 00:18:49,243 --> 00:18:51,376 He went into the store to buy some candy. 339 00:18:52,643 --> 00:18:55,243 Allegedly, they said that he got fresh 340 00:18:56,509 --> 00:18:57,809 or whistled to Carolyn Bryant at the time 341 00:18:59,743 --> 00:19:01,443 As they saw it, disrespecting a white woman. 342 00:19:03,376 --> 00:19:04,109 Emmett stuttered. 343 00:19:05,509 --> 00:19:09,443 So his mom taught him to whistle to break the stutter 344 00:19:10,443 --> 00:19:11,243 so he could get his words out. 345 00:19:12,143 --> 00:19:13,143 She often wondered 346 00:19:14,509 --> 00:19:18,109 if that had something to do with his untimely death. 347 00:19:19,676 --> 00:19:21,209 [newsreader] The state alleges Emmett Till was abducted 348 00:19:22,609 --> 00:19:25,143 and murdered by Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam. 349 00:19:26,743 --> 00:19:31,143 Sunday morning about 2.30, someone called at the door 350 00:19:32,209 --> 00:19:32,576 and he said, "I watched it. 351 00:19:34,276 --> 00:19:35,676 I watched the boy that done all that talk." 352 00:19:37,276 --> 00:19:37,343 Not only did they beat him, they didn't have to, 353 00:19:38,509 --> 00:19:40,243 'cause they had shot him in the head. 354 00:19:41,743 --> 00:19:44,176 And when the body came back it was in four wooden boxes. 355 00:19:45,276 --> 00:19:46,276 The coffin could not be open. 356 00:19:47,543 --> 00:19:48,309 His mother, being the woman that she was, 357 00:19:49,576 --> 00:19:50,276 she told Mr. Wendell, "You all won't open it, 358 00:19:51,676 --> 00:19:54,043 give me a crowbar. I'm going to open this casket." 359 00:19:55,309 --> 00:19:56,343 The reaction of the adults in the family, 360 00:19:57,709 --> 00:19:59,276 the pain, the hurt, the screaming, the yelling. 361 00:20:02,109 --> 00:20:06,076 I was seven. I'm 72 now, and I still cry. 362 00:20:07,743 --> 00:20:09,409 [somber music] 363 00:20:11,276 --> 00:20:12,476 When you think about Emmett Till's mother, 364 00:20:13,543 --> 00:20:15,443 deciding to have the open casket 365 00:20:17,143 --> 00:20:18,109 so that the world might see what was done to her child. 366 00:20:19,609 --> 00:20:23,309 That also meant she had to see what the world did to her child. 367 00:20:26,043 --> 00:20:26,743 [Ollie Gordon] I think that Mrs. Donald 368 00:20:28,309 --> 00:20:30,343 had some reflections back, remembering the courage 369 00:20:31,509 --> 00:20:32,709 and the spirit of Emmett's mother 370 00:20:34,176 --> 00:20:35,343 because she wants the world to know, 371 00:20:36,509 --> 00:20:37,409 -this is still occurring -[sobbing] 372 00:20:38,476 --> 00:20:40,143 30 years later. [sobbing] 373 00:20:49,576 --> 00:20:51,243 Amen. 374 00:20:53,076 --> 00:20:54,176 [attendee] Michael, I'm gonna see you again. I know I will. 375 00:20:57,209 --> 00:20:58,443 At the time of the funeral 376 00:20:59,743 --> 00:21:02,143 nobody really could explain why it happened. 377 00:21:06,243 --> 00:21:07,543 All kinds of things was running through our mind. 378 00:21:09,209 --> 00:21:11,043 We didn't rule out the police hunt 379 00:21:12,343 --> 00:21:13,343 because of what has already happened. 380 00:21:15,409 --> 00:21:16,476 [ominous music] 381 00:21:18,643 --> 00:21:21,776 I knew Wilbur and I knew 382 00:21:23,143 --> 00:21:23,609 what the reputation was on some things 383 00:21:24,776 --> 00:21:26,176 that he did earlier in his career. 384 00:21:27,076 --> 00:21:27,809 There was an incident 385 00:21:29,376 --> 00:21:32,109 that had occurred some years before here in Mobile. 386 00:21:36,243 --> 00:21:38,343 Police officer stopped us and engaged us, 387 00:21:39,743 --> 00:21:39,776 wanted to know what are we doing in the neighborhood. 388 00:21:41,143 --> 00:21:41,576 We told him we having car trouble, 389 00:21:42,576 --> 00:21:44,576 and one thing led to another. 390 00:21:46,043 --> 00:21:47,243 I was there when the incident started 391 00:21:48,676 --> 00:21:50,209 A robbery suspect was apprehended 392 00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:52,509 named Glenn Diamond. 393 00:21:54,076 --> 00:21:55,209 I was the revolutionary in the neighborhood. 394 00:21:56,376 --> 00:21:57,343 If my name come up, everybody wanna, 395 00:21:58,376 --> 00:21:59,376 you know, get this guy here. 396 00:22:00,643 --> 00:22:02,509 'Cause I, you know, I always protested 397 00:22:03,509 --> 00:22:04,509 police mistreating Black people 398 00:22:06,809 --> 00:22:08,809 Things got heated. 399 00:22:10,509 --> 00:22:11,376 They bust me in the head. They beat me up pretty good. 400 00:22:12,643 --> 00:22:13,276 My head was bloody, my shirt was bloody. 401 00:22:14,443 --> 00:22:15,676 He was handcuffed and at that time 402 00:22:17,209 --> 00:22:19,376 I got a call to go to another situation 403 00:22:20,409 --> 00:22:21,076 at the Greyhound bus station. 404 00:22:21,776 --> 00:22:22,576 When backup got there, 405 00:22:24,276 --> 00:22:26,609 they was hurling racial insults at my four-month-old baby, 406 00:22:28,176 --> 00:22:29,743 saying, "Feed the nigger babies to the alligators." 407 00:22:31,309 --> 00:22:34,609 In a matter of minutes, somebody came back with a rope. 408 00:22:36,276 --> 00:22:36,609 Now, apparently, they had been riding round 409 00:22:37,509 --> 00:22:38,043 with a noose in the car. 410 00:22:38,743 --> 00:22:39,543 So when the guy came, 411 00:22:40,709 --> 00:22:41,776 the noose was already in the rope, 412 00:22:43,276 --> 00:22:43,343 not like they had to tie it up or nothing, 413 00:22:44,676 --> 00:22:46,276 They just threw it in the tree when he brought it back. 414 00:22:47,343 --> 00:22:48,409 And they put it around my neck 415 00:22:50,109 --> 00:22:50,709 and Officer Patrick began to pull on the rope 416 00:22:52,509 --> 00:22:52,743 and pull it to the extent where he choked me enough 417 00:22:53,809 --> 00:22:54,609 to pull me up onto my toes. 418 00:22:56,276 --> 00:22:57,543 [newsreader] Local officials called it a sick prank. 419 00:22:59,443 --> 00:23:00,809 The guy who put the rope around my neck, 420 00:23:02,176 --> 00:23:02,709 he confessed on the witness stand. 421 00:23:03,709 --> 00:23:05,209 Yeah, I did it, Your Honor, 422 00:23:06,376 --> 00:23:07,809 but I wasn't just trying to hang him, 423 00:23:09,043 --> 00:23:10,043 I was just trying to scare him. 424 00:23:13,576 --> 00:23:14,209 In the middle of the Glenn Diamond case, 425 00:23:15,209 --> 00:23:15,543 Robert Shelton, who at the time, 426 00:23:17,143 --> 00:23:18,176 was the most powerful member of the Klan in America, 427 00:23:19,676 --> 00:23:21,143 comes down to Mobile to meet with the Police commissioner 428 00:23:22,443 --> 00:23:22,809 for the sole purpose of showing the police 429 00:23:24,043 --> 00:23:25,743 that the Klan has their back. 430 00:23:28,543 --> 00:23:29,709 Did Robert Shelton, Klan leader, 431 00:23:31,409 --> 00:23:33,209 come down and get a photo with somebody from the station 432 00:23:34,476 --> 00:23:35,343 after the mock lynching that was in the paper? 433 00:23:36,409 --> 00:23:36,676 -No. -Or was that a rumor? 434 00:23:38,176 --> 00:23:39,509 That's strictly rumor. That never happened. 435 00:23:42,276 --> 00:23:43,176 [haunting music] 436 00:23:48,743 --> 00:23:50,409 There were five of us that were indicted. 437 00:23:51,676 --> 00:23:56,543 Well, I was suspended on April 15th, 1976 438 00:23:57,709 --> 00:24:01,609 and I was off work 'til November 29th. 439 00:24:02,776 --> 00:24:04,109 The charges against me were thrown out 440 00:24:05,109 --> 00:24:06,676 because I wasn't even there. 441 00:24:08,343 --> 00:24:09,576 Wilbur Williams wasn't one of the main culprits that night. 442 00:24:11,176 --> 00:24:12,343 But overall, when it came down to the relationship 443 00:24:13,743 --> 00:24:14,476 with the police department and Black community, 444 00:24:15,376 --> 00:24:16,643 it was always hostile. 445 00:24:18,609 --> 00:24:20,743 Ida B. Wells once said, 446 00:24:22,343 --> 00:24:25,209 "The ones who write the reports commit the murders." 447 00:24:26,509 --> 00:24:30,743 Even when other officers know that something 448 00:24:32,243 --> 00:24:34,743 someone is doing within the department is wrong 449 00:24:35,776 --> 00:24:38,309 there is such a wall of silence. 450 00:24:40,643 --> 00:24:42,076 The blue wall is what we call it. 451 00:24:45,076 --> 00:24:46,776 Michael was the lawyer for Glenn Diamond 452 00:24:47,776 --> 00:24:49,076 and later, Michael Donald. 453 00:24:50,476 --> 00:24:51,409 And he just knew that that was the lay of the land. 454 00:24:52,576 --> 00:24:53,776 That there was racism on every level 455 00:24:54,776 --> 00:24:55,643 and it needed to be fought. 456 00:24:57,243 --> 00:24:57,743 We are calling on Mobile's Black community 457 00:24:59,543 --> 00:25:01,343 to be as cool as possible in response to this murder. 458 00:25:02,776 --> 00:25:03,443 But at the same time, we are urging them 459 00:25:05,143 --> 00:25:06,709 to exercise due caution and to take all necessary steps 460 00:25:08,276 --> 00:25:10,443 to secure their person, families and property. 461 00:25:11,709 --> 00:25:13,409 Ain't gonna tolerate this, how we felt, 462 00:25:14,676 --> 00:25:16,609 the cops and the Klan working hand-in-hand. 463 00:25:18,076 --> 00:25:20,043 Wilbur doing a vigorous investigation, 464 00:25:21,409 --> 00:25:22,309 looking for the actual facts of what took place? 465 00:25:24,376 --> 00:25:25,443 He wasn't trusted to do that. 466 00:25:28,743 --> 00:25:29,443 That morning 467 00:25:30,609 --> 00:25:31,343 Senator Michael Figures showed up there 468 00:25:32,509 --> 00:25:34,143 I knew what his attitude was going to be. 469 00:25:35,043 --> 00:25:35,543 This is just not right. 470 00:25:37,143 --> 00:25:38,409 You were involved in the Glenn Diamond hanging 471 00:25:39,809 --> 00:25:41,743 and now, here you are, main investigator of this case. 472 00:25:42,743 --> 00:25:44,109 And maybe they, in their minds, 473 00:25:45,276 --> 00:25:46,509 thought I was a Klan sympathizer. 474 00:25:47,709 --> 00:25:49,809 The look of it was absolutely wrong. 475 00:25:51,309 --> 00:25:52,743 There was no collusion there on our part. 476 00:25:56,276 --> 00:25:59,676 You cannot imagine the immense amount of pressure 477 00:26:01,043 --> 00:26:02,209 that was on the police department. 478 00:26:03,209 --> 00:26:04,676 And I think that fact 479 00:26:06,176 --> 00:26:08,143 caused the investigation to go like it did. 480 00:26:09,643 --> 00:26:11,443 There came a point in time 481 00:26:12,609 --> 00:26:15,643 when the likely suspects were identified. 482 00:26:17,743 --> 00:26:20,576 And then a person who lived in the neighborhood 483 00:26:22,043 --> 00:26:26,243 came forward and changed the entire case. 484 00:26:27,609 --> 00:26:29,609 Well, in essence, Johnny Ray Kelly was lying. 485 00:26:32,743 --> 00:26:34,509 We had been duped. 486 00:26:35,309 --> 00:26:36,343 [dramatic music] 487 00:26:44,143 --> 00:26:45,643 Johnny Ray Kelly was lying. 488 00:26:47,209 --> 00:26:48,809 Somehow he got enough information 489 00:26:50,276 --> 00:26:52,743 that he could concoct this story about seeing 490 00:26:54,343 --> 00:26:57,176 the Edgar brothers and Ralph on Spring Hill Avenue. 491 00:26:58,576 --> 00:27:00,809 We come to find out he was facing burglary charges. 492 00:27:01,743 --> 00:27:02,476 He was looking for help 493 00:27:04,076 --> 00:27:07,043 but I suspect he was manipulated by somebody else. 494 00:27:08,343 --> 00:27:13,243 We originally arrested the wrong people 495 00:27:14,243 --> 00:27:15,609 and that's on me. 496 00:27:16,509 --> 00:27:17,709 That was my mistake. 497 00:27:20,243 --> 00:27:21,709 I went into a court room 498 00:27:23,276 --> 00:27:26,076 and moved to have the charges dismissed against them. 499 00:27:28,476 --> 00:27:31,443 I wanted to make sure that the Black community 500 00:27:33,143 --> 00:27:36,043 understood that we were doing all that we could. 501 00:27:38,076 --> 00:27:39,409 That I cared deeply about. 502 00:27:40,409 --> 00:27:44,743 But I wasn't... communicating 503 00:27:45,776 --> 00:27:48,243 with, you know, civic leaders, 504 00:27:49,676 --> 00:27:51,676 either in the Black or the white communities. 505 00:27:53,143 --> 00:27:54,076 And there were two separate communities. 506 00:27:57,676 --> 00:27:58,643 It was really depressing. 507 00:28:00,343 --> 00:28:02,276 It was really. It was really. You couldn't eat. You couldn't-- 508 00:28:03,443 --> 00:28:03,643 You couldn't think of nothing else 509 00:28:05,143 --> 00:28:06,209 'cause our life had just come to a stand still. 510 00:28:07,209 --> 00:28:07,576 [typewriter keys clacking] 511 00:28:09,043 --> 00:28:10,676 The Mobile Police Department, they sat on it. 512 00:28:11,676 --> 00:28:12,443 They would just call and say, 513 00:28:13,709 --> 00:28:14,176 "We haven't forgotten you, Miss Donald. 514 00:28:15,176 --> 00:28:16,643 We still working on the case." 515 00:28:17,676 --> 00:28:20,176 Oh, okay. Do something about it. 516 00:28:21,543 --> 00:28:23,509 Michael Figures was Mrs. Donald's attorney. 517 00:28:24,676 --> 00:28:27,576 He went there to express his condolences 518 00:28:29,143 --> 00:28:30,276 and to offer his help in any way that he could, 519 00:28:31,209 --> 00:28:32,143 and to let her know 520 00:28:33,543 --> 00:28:36,243 that he would not rest until the case was resolved 521 00:28:37,443 --> 00:28:38,643 and justice was brought for her son. 522 00:28:40,176 --> 00:28:40,676 My father was one of the first 523 00:28:42,176 --> 00:28:42,276 African-American students to attend 524 00:28:43,576 --> 00:28:44,176 the University of Alabama's Law School, 525 00:28:45,176 --> 00:28:46,309 becoming the first Black lawyer 526 00:28:47,476 --> 00:28:49,176 to be educated in the State of Alabama. 527 00:28:50,443 --> 00:28:51,343 We would go to Michael Figure's office 528 00:28:52,143 --> 00:28:53,243 and talk to him 529 00:28:54,276 --> 00:28:54,576 "Well, what you want to do?" 530 00:28:55,743 --> 00:28:56,276 That's what he was telling my mom. 531 00:28:57,176 --> 00:28:57,476 What do you want to do? 532 00:29:00,309 --> 00:29:01,443 This is something that's understood 533 00:29:02,343 --> 00:29:03,143 by all Black Americans, 534 00:29:04,543 --> 00:29:05,676 no matter where you lived or how you lived. 535 00:29:07,043 --> 00:29:08,676 You understood that law enforcement 536 00:29:10,276 --> 00:29:12,676 had never been created, honestly, to protect you. 537 00:29:14,276 --> 00:29:17,076 Was created in order to protect white America, 538 00:29:17,676 --> 00:29:19,043 often from you. 539 00:29:19,743 --> 00:29:22,143 [dramatic music] 540 00:29:23,709 --> 00:29:24,509 [newsreader] Here stands the Tallahatchi Courthouse 541 00:29:25,476 --> 00:29:26,709 in Sumner, Mississippi. 542 00:29:29,209 --> 00:29:30,143 It was a mockery that they made out of it 543 00:29:31,043 --> 00:29:31,276 because someone Black 544 00:29:32,576 --> 00:29:33,743 was bringing someone White to trial. 545 00:29:35,309 --> 00:29:36,443 [newsreader] This small, sleepy cotton community 546 00:29:37,609 --> 00:29:38,309 has been overrun with excitement 547 00:29:39,276 --> 00:29:40,643 as the trial begins. 548 00:29:42,343 --> 00:29:44,076 It was more like going to a baseball game or something 549 00:29:46,076 --> 00:29:46,576 They had their beer and their popcorn, 550 00:29:47,476 --> 00:29:48,143 and they had their kids. 551 00:29:49,143 --> 00:29:50,143 It was a circus is what it was. 552 00:29:51,476 --> 00:29:52,109 [newsreader] The all White, male jury 553 00:29:53,709 --> 00:29:55,509 deliberated for merely an hour before announcing the verdict. 554 00:29:56,376 --> 00:29:58,343 Not guilty. 555 00:29:59,743 --> 00:30:00,509 Well, the whole trial was just a farce. 556 00:30:01,476 --> 00:30:01,676 The verdict was the one 557 00:30:03,143 --> 00:30:04,376 that I had expected to be given. 558 00:30:06,176 --> 00:30:07,709 -Did you expect this verdict? -Well, I was hoping for it. 559 00:30:08,509 --> 00:30:09,576 [crowd clapping] 560 00:30:11,043 --> 00:30:12,476 So at that point, she went into combat. 561 00:30:14,076 --> 00:30:17,343 She went into battle to get some kind of justice 562 00:30:18,643 --> 00:30:20,343 for what they had done to her only child. 563 00:30:22,043 --> 00:30:24,309 Just anything, just any excuse to acquit these two men. 564 00:30:25,776 --> 00:30:27,076 And the acquittal would mean a go-ahead signal, 565 00:30:28,143 --> 00:30:29,443 lynching is now back in order. 566 00:30:30,709 --> 00:30:33,109 She was very stern, and she was very strong, 567 00:30:34,509 --> 00:30:36,509 and she was very dedicated, and she was not scared. 568 00:30:38,343 --> 00:30:39,243 I believe that the whole United States 569 00:30:40,209 --> 00:30:40,709 is mourning with me. 570 00:30:42,409 --> 00:30:44,243 For him to have died a hero would mean more to me 571 00:30:45,676 --> 00:30:47,243 than for him just to have died. [crowd applauding] 572 00:30:48,743 --> 00:30:50,376 [announcer] ... our objectives here is to see to it 573 00:30:51,676 --> 00:30:53,443 that that boy, whose picture you see there, 574 00:30:54,609 --> 00:30:56,509 does not die an inconspicuous death 575 00:30:57,809 --> 00:30:58,709 and that his face will be remembered, 576 00:31:00,076 --> 00:31:00,476 and something will be done about it. 577 00:31:01,276 --> 00:31:01,743 [applauding] 578 00:31:02,643 --> 00:31:03,676 We think of Mamie Till, 579 00:31:05,143 --> 00:31:08,109 the courageous Black mother of Emmett Till. 580 00:31:10,309 --> 00:31:12,776 and the courage of Beulah Mae Donald, 581 00:31:15,409 --> 00:31:19,343 who was unrelenting in trying to get justice for her son. 582 00:31:20,509 --> 00:31:22,776 It's part of a tradition of Black women, 583 00:31:23,776 --> 00:31:25,109 and Black mothers in particular, 584 00:31:25,809 --> 00:31:27,276 who have fought to get 585 00:31:28,343 --> 00:31:30,443 their children's death vindicated 586 00:31:31,443 --> 00:31:32,309 but who have often been ignored. 587 00:31:34,109 --> 00:31:35,309 We want them to go to jail, just like we would go to jail 588 00:31:36,543 --> 00:31:37,609 -for 25 to life. -[crowd cheering] 589 00:31:39,076 --> 00:31:41,043 My son said he couldn't breathe 11 times. 590 00:31:42,309 --> 00:31:44,409 Eleven times he said he couldn't breathe. 591 00:31:45,809 --> 00:31:49,109 And they chose not to indict. Where is the justice? 592 00:31:50,509 --> 00:31:51,309 These women, 593 00:31:52,576 --> 00:31:54,776 and their contributions to civil rights history, 594 00:31:56,176 --> 00:31:57,076 should never be forgotten. 595 00:32:02,276 --> 00:32:03,343 In the same way 596 00:32:04,609 --> 00:32:06,443 that Mamie Till fought to bring about justice 597 00:32:07,476 --> 00:32:08,343 for the death of her son, 598 00:32:10,109 --> 00:32:10,709 Beulah Mae Donald 599 00:32:12,076 --> 00:32:14,109 and her attorney, Michael Figures, 600 00:32:14,776 --> 00:32:16,609 enlist the voice 601 00:32:17,676 --> 00:32:18,576 of the Reverend Jesse Jackson, 602 00:32:19,609 --> 00:32:21,109 future presidential candidate, 603 00:32:22,376 --> 00:32:25,143 to come to Mobile and tell their story, 604 00:32:26,143 --> 00:32:28,243 and put it on a national stage. 605 00:32:31,209 --> 00:32:33,076 Miss Beulah had no fear. 606 00:32:34,343 --> 00:32:35,043 She wanted to see those who killed her son 607 00:32:35,643 --> 00:32:36,476 come to justice. 608 00:32:37,643 --> 00:32:38,209 I was impressed with her resilience 609 00:32:38,809 --> 00:32:39,676 to fight back. 610 00:32:41,609 --> 00:32:42,309 Rev was one of the most feared names 611 00:32:43,509 --> 00:32:44,409 around here, in this area in Alabama. 612 00:32:45,676 --> 00:32:47,043 We said the preacher was coming to town, 613 00:32:48,309 --> 00:32:49,643 the White folk got upset, let me tell you. 614 00:32:51,343 --> 00:32:52,243 So when Jesse came here, 615 00:32:53,509 --> 00:32:54,776 it brought national attention to our issue. 616 00:32:56,643 --> 00:32:58,109 Michael called me, 617 00:32:59,509 --> 00:33:02,243 we went to a major demonstration to put visibility on it. 618 00:33:03,643 --> 00:33:05,609 I got there and people were just wanting to do something. 619 00:33:06,509 --> 00:33:07,376 [crowd chattering 620 00:33:09,443 --> 00:33:10,376 Eventually there was a march 621 00:33:11,543 --> 00:33:13,176 that was led by my husband, Michael, 622 00:33:14,443 --> 00:33:16,509 and Reverend Jesse Jackson came down. 623 00:33:17,409 --> 00:33:18,376 So it was a big deal 624 00:33:19,643 --> 00:33:20,409 and it wasn't just in the city of Mobile 625 00:33:21,409 --> 00:33:22,443 but it went around this nation. 626 00:33:23,276 --> 00:33:24,443 [crowd chanting] 627 00:33:25,443 --> 00:33:26,376 Mobile was just moving too slow. 628 00:33:27,676 --> 00:33:29,509 That's why we kept marching and protesting 629 00:33:31,109 --> 00:33:32,276 Letting them know we ain't gonna take this lying down. 630 00:33:33,076 --> 00:33:34,043 [crowd chanting] 631 00:33:37,476 --> 00:33:38,309 Y'all got to move, and you got to move fast. 632 00:33:39,576 --> 00:33:40,509 You got to move and you got to move fast. 633 00:33:42,343 --> 00:33:43,309 That was our thrust to them. 634 00:33:44,576 --> 00:33:45,776 You got to move, and you got to move fast. 635 00:33:48,809 --> 00:33:49,509 A lot of the community 636 00:33:50,676 --> 00:33:51,343 started coming to my momma's house 637 00:33:52,509 --> 00:33:53,109 to say we just need to do something. 638 00:33:54,509 --> 00:33:55,176 Some of the guys say well they're not doing no. 639 00:33:56,676 --> 00:33:57,709 We just need to go and get somebody and kill them too. 640 00:33:59,076 --> 00:33:59,509 So they were getting really angry. 641 00:34:00,809 --> 00:34:01,076 They were really getting frustrated. 642 00:34:01,676 --> 00:34:03,043 [crowd cheering] 643 00:34:07,709 --> 00:34:08,676 Everybody was uneasy. 644 00:34:09,709 --> 00:34:10,243 Everybody was at the point 645 00:34:11,509 --> 00:34:12,443 where we got to do something about this. 646 00:34:20,176 --> 00:34:21,743 Why are we living here with these type things 647 00:34:23,309 --> 00:34:25,476 taking place right in the middle of our community? 648 00:34:27,043 --> 00:34:27,676 The bottom line was 649 00:34:29,176 --> 00:34:30,376 the community was really about to explode. 650 00:34:37,509 --> 00:34:40,676 We weren't getting what we considered to be all the facts 651 00:34:42,176 --> 00:34:43,443 from the local media during that time. 652 00:34:45,143 --> 00:34:46,243 The stories that would appear in the Mobile Press Register, 653 00:34:47,743 --> 00:34:49,543 which was the daily, White newspaper in the city of Mobile 654 00:34:50,809 --> 00:34:53,743 at the time, would blast black officials. 655 00:34:55,443 --> 00:34:58,409 We thought it was necessary for the other side to be told. 656 00:35:02,076 --> 00:35:03,676 Michael and a group of his friends, 657 00:35:05,276 --> 00:35:06,543 started a new weekly newspaper called The New Times. 658 00:35:09,343 --> 00:35:11,276 One of the reasons that newspaper was started 659 00:35:12,443 --> 00:35:13,809 was so that it could tell the story 660 00:35:15,209 --> 00:35:16,476 from the Black person's perspective. 661 00:35:19,543 --> 00:35:22,143 The New Times is literally doing the work 662 00:35:23,376 --> 00:35:25,809 that Jet Magazine did back in 1955. 663 00:35:27,576 --> 00:35:30,443 Jet Magazine was like Black Twitter of the moment. 664 00:35:32,276 --> 00:35:36,376 Emmett Till's picture catalyzed the modern civil rights movement 665 00:35:37,376 --> 00:35:38,376 because these lynching images 666 00:35:39,776 --> 00:35:42,409 have the effect of literally traumatizing people. 667 00:35:44,309 --> 00:35:47,609 In the same way, The New Times took on the responsibility 668 00:35:49,209 --> 00:35:51,676 of reporting, investigating and pressing the case 669 00:35:52,676 --> 00:35:54,276 on behalf of Michael Donald. 670 00:35:55,543 --> 00:35:57,143 This precipitated the anger, the outrage, 671 00:35:58,043 --> 00:35:59,543 the fear of the Klan. 672 00:36:01,643 --> 00:36:04,176 The Klan actually called The New Times office 673 00:36:05,443 --> 00:36:07,309 and requested a subscription to the paper. 674 00:36:08,309 --> 00:36:09,276 That was one of their moves 675 00:36:10,543 --> 00:36:12,709 in terms of keeping a constant threat 676 00:36:14,676 --> 00:36:16,109 to say, you know, we're gonna come and get you. 677 00:36:17,143 --> 00:36:19,209 And Michael did not back down. 678 00:36:21,776 --> 00:36:25,509 On the morning of March 21st, 1981, 679 00:36:27,109 --> 00:36:29,809 Michael went down to see for himself what was going on. 680 00:36:32,276 --> 00:36:33,476 And he took pictures 681 00:36:34,743 --> 00:36:37,209 of everybody at the scene that he could. 682 00:36:39,543 --> 00:36:40,276 There were a group of people, 683 00:36:41,676 --> 00:36:43,043 right across the street from where it took place. 684 00:36:44,309 --> 00:36:45,476 And these guys were just sitting there, 685 00:36:46,376 --> 00:36:46,543 smoking cigarettes, 686 00:36:47,809 --> 00:36:49,143 talking like it was just a normal day. 687 00:36:51,176 --> 00:36:51,809 That's one of the things 688 00:36:53,509 --> 00:36:54,376 that caused Michael to take so many pictures of them. 689 00:36:56,043 --> 00:36:59,076 He was wondering how they could just stand there nonchalant. 690 00:37:00,809 --> 00:37:02,176 And we had no idea who they were. 691 00:37:05,176 --> 00:37:08,776 It turned out, he took pictures of the Klan. 692 00:37:09,576 --> 00:37:11,243 [dramatic music] 693 00:37:15,243 --> 00:37:16,443 [somber music] 694 00:37:20,176 --> 00:37:20,676 [slide projector clicking] 695 00:37:22,176 --> 00:37:22,709 The fact that Klansmen lived across the street 696 00:37:23,609 --> 00:37:24,076 from where this happened 697 00:37:25,443 --> 00:37:26,743 came to light very early on in the investigation. 698 00:37:28,109 --> 00:37:28,676 It was something that the police officers 699 00:37:29,709 --> 00:37:31,543 found to be more a coincidence 700 00:37:33,176 --> 00:37:35,309 than any indication of who did the actual crime. 701 00:37:38,743 --> 00:37:40,276 We were over at the body, 702 00:37:41,643 --> 00:37:43,276 making some notes about the condition and whatever 703 00:37:44,543 --> 00:37:48,143 when I look and I see Bennie Jack Hays, 704 00:37:49,409 --> 00:37:50,643 who is the person that owned the property 705 00:37:51,543 --> 00:37:53,109 and was the local-- 706 00:37:54,276 --> 00:37:55,109 And I don't know what the rank is-- 707 00:37:56,476 --> 00:37:59,543 what his position was, some cyclops or grand titan, 708 00:38:00,809 --> 00:38:03,243 or some Klan related rank, did he have. 709 00:38:04,409 --> 00:38:06,109 He was very volatile, very angry, 710 00:38:06,809 --> 00:38:08,143 very strange behavior. 711 00:38:09,409 --> 00:38:09,776 [newsreader] Benny Hayes was a paradox. 712 00:38:11,043 --> 00:38:11,676 Grandfatherly, with a cane, 713 00:38:13,276 --> 00:38:14,476 but capable of sudden outbursts of anger. 714 00:38:19,443 --> 00:38:20,776 Take it off me, son of a bitch. Get it off. 715 00:38:22,376 --> 00:38:22,643 [Frank Cox] Bennie Jack was a terrible man. 716 00:38:24,109 --> 00:38:24,343 And I don't like speaking ill of the dead 717 00:38:25,309 --> 00:38:28,443 but he was pure evil. 718 00:38:31,109 --> 00:38:32,643 And he was coming up Herden Avenue, 719 00:38:33,643 --> 00:38:34,376 fussing and raising cane, 720 00:38:35,643 --> 00:38:36,509 talking about I own all of these houses, 721 00:38:37,409 --> 00:38:38,209 what the blank you doing 722 00:38:39,509 --> 00:38:40,276 keeping me from coming to my properties? 723 00:38:41,276 --> 00:38:42,443 He was just loud-mouthing. 724 00:38:45,376 --> 00:38:46,743 I think there were certain parts of Mobile 725 00:38:48,243 --> 00:38:48,776 that feared him all the way to his death. 726 00:38:50,776 --> 00:38:53,309 They knew that it was the Klan. 727 00:38:54,676 --> 00:38:56,343 We knew that that element was in the community. 728 00:38:57,809 --> 00:38:59,043 and it was a dangerous situation as far as we were concerned. 729 00:39:02,676 --> 00:39:04,276 [haunting music] 730 00:39:08,276 --> 00:39:10,409 Nobody, at that point, had any answers. 731 00:39:11,809 --> 00:39:13,709 We thought that an independent investigative body 732 00:39:15,076 --> 00:39:16,076 needed to come in and look at it. 733 00:39:18,776 --> 00:39:20,276 We knew that the narrative put forth 734 00:39:21,276 --> 00:39:22,376 was nothing near the truth. 735 00:39:23,776 --> 00:39:25,709 Eventually, it really got close to a boiling point. 736 00:39:27,076 --> 00:39:27,543 It's not right for them to go around 737 00:39:28,543 --> 00:39:29,209 hanging Black folks, you know, 738 00:39:30,676 --> 00:39:32,076 because we don't go out there and hang no White people. 739 00:39:33,743 --> 00:39:35,309 So, they did assign the civil rights division 740 00:39:36,676 --> 00:39:37,709 of the Justice Department, to look into the matter 741 00:39:38,743 --> 00:39:40,443 and actually put together 742 00:39:42,043 --> 00:39:45,309 an investigation that really brought the truth out. 743 00:39:46,343 --> 00:39:47,443 [stirring music] 744 00:39:50,176 --> 00:39:52,376 Ultimately, my father and my uncle 745 00:39:53,543 --> 00:39:54,243 began to push out the message 746 00:39:55,643 --> 00:39:56,776 that this was racially motivated and an act of the Klan. 747 00:39:58,443 --> 00:39:58,743 [newsreader] Thomas Figures is the first Black man 748 00:39:59,809 --> 00:40:00,043 to be appointed and serve 749 00:40:01,543 --> 00:40:02,143 as assistant Mobile County District Attorney. 750 00:40:03,543 --> 00:40:04,676 What you had here were two African-American men 751 00:40:06,176 --> 00:40:07,143 in a position that no African-American men 752 00:40:08,043 --> 00:40:08,776 had previously been in. 753 00:40:09,776 --> 00:40:10,343 At the time of such a crime 754 00:40:11,609 --> 00:40:14,076 to be able to have an influential impact. 755 00:40:15,443 --> 00:40:17,209 Thomas was certainly that bull in a china shop 756 00:40:18,209 --> 00:40:18,709 when it came to this case. 757 00:40:20,443 --> 00:40:20,543 ...administration of the Criminal Justice System 758 00:40:21,609 --> 00:40:22,043 for the State of Alabama. 759 00:40:23,443 --> 00:40:25,476 He would not stop. He went above and beyond, 760 00:40:27,076 --> 00:40:28,143 all the way up to the Civil Rights Division in DC, 761 00:40:29,409 --> 00:40:31,176 to request that the case be reopened. 762 00:40:32,676 --> 00:40:36,076 Running down the leads that Mobile police refused to do. 763 00:40:38,376 --> 00:40:40,409 That ultimately led to all the dominos starting to fall 764 00:40:41,676 --> 00:40:42,476 as to who was responsible for this case. 765 00:40:45,576 --> 00:40:46,676 Had it not been for Thomas Figures 766 00:40:47,476 --> 00:40:48,109 pushing on this, 767 00:40:49,376 --> 00:40:50,176 this thing wouldn't have gone any further. 768 00:40:52,543 --> 00:40:53,043 With the weight of the Federal Government 769 00:40:54,209 --> 00:40:54,376 and the State Government behind us, 770 00:40:55,643 --> 00:40:56,076 we should be able to send everybody, 771 00:40:57,343 --> 00:40:58,076 who had some responsibility in this action. 772 00:40:58,743 --> 00:41:00,343 before the mob justice 773 00:41:01,643 --> 00:41:03,543 and let them reap their just reward. 774 00:41:04,809 --> 00:41:05,409 I think the Mobile Police Department 775 00:41:06,776 --> 00:41:08,176 just didn't want to believe that a town like Mobile 776 00:41:09,176 --> 00:41:11,143 would still have Klan in it. 777 00:41:11,743 --> 00:41:12,743 But they did. 778 00:41:13,776 --> 00:41:15,043 [angry crowd chatter] 779 00:41:16,409 --> 00:41:19,676 Let there be no doubt that the Klan is behind this. 780 00:41:24,776 --> 00:41:26,109 But you gotta prove it first. 781 00:41:29,676 --> 00:41:31,376 [closing theme music] 60443

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