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There is nothing like
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going to a theater, a communal
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atmosphere, watching something
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that is bigger than life.
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It's dark...
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You don't look at anybody...
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And then the movie
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started and it was really,
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really magical.
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I went to a movie at
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10 in the morning, which to me
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was so odd, right?
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Who goes to a movie at 10?
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But there was light, there was
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drama, there was narrative and I
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think what I most loved was the
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way the filmmaker was present,
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saying "Here, take a look at"
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this, think about that."
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We were all an
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eight-year-old boy.
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We were all a 10-year-old girl.
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We were all sitting there in
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that audience watching whatever
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that movie was.
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It became a
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magical experience.
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You go into the dark and you
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learn something new and you come
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out and it's almost like a
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religious experience.
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If you want a window into
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what was going on in humankind
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at a given point in time, you
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look at movies.
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It gave me the sense that I
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was more than just this little
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boy, and there was a lot of
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other things out there
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that I could do.
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And if I just kept going in the
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right direction, maybe the right
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thing would happen.
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Because that's what happened
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in the movies.
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It's heavy.
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What is it?
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The, uh...
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Stuff that dreams are made of.
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Huh?
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Media giant
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Ted Turner has upset a lot of
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people because of what he's
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doing to some of Hollywood's
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greatest old films.
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Turner recently bought the.
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M.G.M. film library.
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Now, he's adding color to the
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black and white ones.
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To colorize or not
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to colorize, Ted Turner has said
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is his choice.
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Well, last time I checked,
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they were my films.
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You know, I'm working
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on my films.
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Let us just say that a very
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rich man has purchased all the
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films ever made in Hollywood.
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He calls together his staff and
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says, "take all the black and"
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white ones and turn them into
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"color, using our new computer."
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It was kind of an artists'
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rights issue involving material
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alteration of film, such as
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colorization, panning and
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scanning, that sort of thing.
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It was a big controversy between
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directors who don't like to see
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their films changed and studios
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who were looking to take, say,
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black and white films and
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introduce them to a new
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generation by, they thought,
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colorizing them would make them
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more appealing.
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Colorization really was the
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combustible issue because
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a lot of film critics, as well
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as the directors and the
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cinematographers and the actors
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were all so incensed at these
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changes, especially the
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possibility of changes to,
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you know, classic films.
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Because the films are a
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part of our cultural history,
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and like all accurate
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representations of who and what
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we were, I think they deserve
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preservation in their
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authentic form.
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The committee rooms were
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packed and when you get
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Jimmy Stewart coming,
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you know, Mr. Smith literally
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coming to Washington, you know,
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I was just sitting there, sort
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of admiring the whole scene.
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I feel that they're
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being tampered with and I... I
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want to speak out against this.
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The Librarian of Congress got
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the idea that if film was
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honored in some way by the
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national government, that it
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would be recognized as having
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cultural and artistic value.
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Today, the congress is taking
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up a bill called the National.
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Film Preservation Act.
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Congress finally
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stepped in and we were kind of
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the person brought in to referee
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it if we could.
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And that was essentially
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the creation of the National.
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Film Registry.
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The National Film.
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Registry is a list of films of
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enduring cultural, historical
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and aesthetic importance,
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recommended to the Librarian
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of Congress by a very
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distinguished board.
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25 films are announced each year
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as being added to that registry.
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1989, the first year
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of the board meeting, was very
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much focused on the artists'
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rights issues.
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And then after that, it seemed
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very quickly to fade.
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The issue became preservation,
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and which films should be
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awarded the seal of the national
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film preservation board.
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This process serves
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as an invaluable means to
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advance public awareness of the
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richness and variety of the
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American film heritage.
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This is not simply just another
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list of great films.
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It is saying to America
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and to the world,
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"These films matter."
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What the film registry
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says is "Here are great"
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works of art."
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They were created in a
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commercial context but we need
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to preserve them the way
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the metropolitan museum
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preserves Leonardo da Vinci's.
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One of the nice things about
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the National Film Registry is
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that it's not only preserving
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our films, but it's also, to a
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large extent, preserving our
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cultural heritage, and all the
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things that film capture.
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If you look at the advent
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of movies from the 1890s
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forward, they were in many ways
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the most important force for
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shaping a common sense of
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American culture.
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There was a time when people
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in Southern California didn't
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have much in common with
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the people in Maine and the
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people in Florida had virtually
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nothing in common with the
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people in the Pacific Northwest,
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and it's movies that came along
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that began to create the sense
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of nationhood.
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The American film was a
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particular way in which a young
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nation learned to express
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itself, express its exuberance,
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expose its problems,
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reflect its hopes.
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It was living history,
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audio-visual history
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of the 20th century.
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Movies have been the document
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of our history and culture.
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They tell us what we looked
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like, what we wore, what we
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aspired to, our dreams, the lies
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we told to one another...
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Because in those
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movies are those little gestures
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and those little images and
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the styles and the ways of
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speaking to each other, the way
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men spoke to women and women to
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women and men to men, and the
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way they projected their own
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dreams and desires into
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narratives and fantasies.
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That is what the movies does,
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and it does it better than
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anything else.
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American film really tells us
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so much about this country.
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When it starts with
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storytelling about individuals,
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underdogs, immigrants, people
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who don't have something.
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I saw that film
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when I was still in Hong Kong
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when I was a teenager.
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I think it gave me
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a sense of America.
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Life can be bright
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in America
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if you can fight
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in America.
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Life is all right
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in America
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if you're all white
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in America...
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The lyrics to that
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song, they're really quite
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sarcastic about being an
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immigrant in America.
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That movie was a huge influence
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on me when I was a teenager.
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I mean, I probably saw it five
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or six times in a row.
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I was also in love with
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Natalie Wood.
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That helped.
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You never really understand a
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person until you consider things
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from his point of view.
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Sir?
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Till you climb inside of his
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skin and walk around in it.
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Gregory Peck was kind of what
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I thought America was in many
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kind of respects.
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In this country, our courts
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are the great levelers.
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In our courts...
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All men are created equal.
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That's the America that my
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father respected most... in that
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kind of man that Gregory Peck
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was always meant to play.
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We identified so strongly with
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those kids somehow.
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Oh, it's just, like,
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instant tears.
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It still gets me,
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still makes me cry now.
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He really portrayed
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a father who was just
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so understanding and had
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such a close relationship
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with his kids.
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A lot of people would love
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to have a father like that.
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I mean, who wouldn't?
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I would love to have a father
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like that.
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Many of the characteristics
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that my dad portrayed in that
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film are really him.
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Of all the films that he did,
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it was a film that was
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closest to his true character,
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certainly the character he,
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he would want to be.
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It's a different form
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of honor than getting
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an academy award.
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It's a more cumulative or
293
00:10:11,976 --> 00:10:14,354
retrospective kind of honor.
294
00:10:14,411 --> 00:10:15,651
It's saying your film has stood
295
00:10:15,679 --> 00:10:16,783
the test of time.
296
00:10:16,847 --> 00:10:17,847
There's never been
297
00:10:17,848 --> 00:10:19,987
a day so sunny
298
00:10:20,050 --> 00:10:23,156
it could not happen twice...
299
00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:25,097
The Academy Awards preserve
300
00:10:25,156 --> 00:10:27,727
the consensus within the
301
00:10:27,792 --> 00:10:29,965
industry at the time.
302
00:10:30,027 --> 00:10:32,701
Sometimes history proves them
303
00:10:32,763 --> 00:10:34,436
right, but very often, history
304
00:10:34,498 --> 00:10:36,171
proves them wrong.
305
00:10:36,233 --> 00:10:37,177
["Also sprach Zarathustra"
306
00:10:40,604 --> 00:10:42,982
Most lists exist nowadays for
307
00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:44,542
pop culture reasons.
308
00:10:44,608 --> 00:10:46,019
It's an excuse for a TV special.
309
00:10:46,076 --> 00:10:48,215
It's to sell magazines.
310
00:10:48,279 --> 00:10:49,280
It's to get people arguing,
311
00:10:49,346 --> 00:10:50,723
and that's what lists do.
312
00:10:50,781 --> 00:10:51,657
The congressional language
313
00:10:51,715 --> 00:10:54,321
setting up the registry was done
314
00:10:54,385 --> 00:10:55,585
by congressional staff back in
315
00:10:55,586 --> 00:10:57,657
1988 and they used "culturally",
316
00:10:57,721 --> 00:10:58,791
historically or aesthetically
317
00:10:58,856 --> 00:11:00,597
"significant," which, we love
318
00:11:00,691 --> 00:11:01,795
that phrase because it basically
319
00:11:01,826 --> 00:11:02,930
means almost anything.
320
00:11:02,993 --> 00:11:03,993
Whoever came up with it,
321
00:11:04,028 --> 00:11:05,166
I forget the person's name,
322
00:11:05,229 --> 00:11:06,708
the staffer, but I'm forever
323
00:11:06,764 --> 00:11:08,038
thankful because it does allow
324
00:11:08,098 --> 00:11:09,702
a lot of leverage in terms
325
00:11:09,767 --> 00:11:11,144
of the sort of films we're able
326
00:11:11,202 --> 00:11:12,545
to pick and put onto the
327
00:11:12,603 --> 00:11:13,673
registry and preserve.
328
00:11:16,473 --> 00:11:18,510
Because of the 10-year rule,
329
00:11:18,576 --> 00:11:20,556
we look at only films that are
330
00:11:20,611 --> 00:11:24,218
10 years old, and that gives us
331
00:11:24,281 --> 00:11:26,557
some space and some time.
332
00:11:26,617 --> 00:11:27,652
And I tell ya what.
333
00:11:27,718 --> 00:11:29,561
From his footprint, he looks
334
00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:34,126
like a big fella.
335
00:11:34,191 --> 00:11:35,431
You see something
336
00:11:35,492 --> 00:11:36,903
down there, chief?
337
00:11:36,961 --> 00:11:38,963
No, I just think
338
00:11:39,029 --> 00:11:40,167
I'm gonna barf.
339
00:11:40,231 --> 00:11:41,335
Why the 10 years?
340
00:11:41,398 --> 00:11:42,398
Why not 50?
341
00:11:42,399 --> 00:11:43,309
Why not five?
342
00:11:43,367 --> 00:11:44,675
Why not one that just opened?
343
00:11:44,735 --> 00:11:46,009
But I suppose it's to have
344
00:11:46,070 --> 00:11:47,048
a little bit of a distance,
345
00:11:47,104 --> 00:11:48,412
which is proper.
346
00:11:48,472 --> 00:11:49,280
Does the film have
347
00:11:49,340 --> 00:11:51,115
a lasting benefit?
348
00:11:51,175 --> 00:11:52,654
Does it stand to history?
349
00:11:52,710 --> 00:11:54,314
The idea is that here is
350
00:11:54,378 --> 00:11:55,982
an arm of the U.S. government
351
00:11:56,046 --> 00:11:57,889
saying that, hey, some films
352
00:11:57,948 --> 00:11:59,018
are important.
353
00:11:59,083 --> 00:12:00,221
They're part of the picture.
354
00:12:00,317 --> 00:12:01,625
So you immediately confer
355
00:12:01,652 --> 00:12:03,256
upon them a certain status
356
00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:04,663
and dignity.
357
00:12:04,722 --> 00:12:05,722
Each year we do try to
358
00:12:05,723 --> 00:12:07,031
fashion an eclectic list,
359
00:12:07,091 --> 00:12:08,798
one that is also stand-alone
360
00:12:08,859 --> 00:12:10,031
on its own merits.
361
00:12:10,094 --> 00:12:11,630
If we pick 25 famous films
362
00:12:11,695 --> 00:12:13,572
one year or 25 films no one
363
00:12:13,631 --> 00:12:14,871
had ever heard of each year,
364
00:12:14,932 --> 00:12:16,138
then the list, to us, would be
365
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:17,200
a lot less useful.
366
00:12:18,269 --> 00:12:19,407
The way we pick the national
367
00:12:19,470 --> 00:12:20,591
film registry each year is a
368
00:12:20,638 --> 00:12:21,912
multi-stage process.
369
00:12:21,972 --> 00:12:23,042
We start off by soliciting
370
00:12:23,107 --> 00:12:25,417
public balloting.
371
00:12:25,476 --> 00:12:26,978
So we take very seriously
372
00:12:27,044 --> 00:12:28,546
what the public recommends.
373
00:12:28,612 --> 00:12:29,590
They often recommend things that
374
00:12:29,647 --> 00:12:31,320
nobody's even heard of.
375
00:12:31,382 --> 00:12:33,362
We tabulate those results and
376
00:12:33,417 --> 00:12:34,521
send them to the members of the
377
00:12:34,585 --> 00:12:35,962
film preservation board.
378
00:12:36,020 --> 00:12:37,863
Each year a group of
379
00:12:37,922 --> 00:12:39,526
people, representing all areas
380
00:12:39,590 --> 00:12:41,467
of the industry and education
381
00:12:41,525 --> 00:12:43,266
come together and recommend
382
00:12:43,327 --> 00:12:45,034
to the Librarian of Congress
383
00:12:45,095 --> 00:12:47,041
the films of enduring
384
00:12:47,097 --> 00:12:48,701
cultural, historical,
385
00:12:48,766 --> 00:12:50,109
aesthetic importance.
386
00:12:50,167 --> 00:12:51,578
People have their personal
387
00:12:51,635 --> 00:12:54,411
campaigns, their pet films,
388
00:12:54,471 --> 00:12:56,348
their pet causes, and that's
389
00:12:56,407 --> 00:12:58,114
as it should be.
390
00:12:58,175 --> 00:12:59,711
Having gone through the
391
00:12:59,810 --> 00:13:02,484
obvious choices "Citizen Kane",
392
00:13:02,513 --> 00:13:04,550
citizen Kane, citizen Kane...
393
00:13:06,450 --> 00:13:12,059
Rosebud.
394
00:13:12,122 --> 00:13:13,396
Then the less obvious films
395
00:13:13,457 --> 00:13:14,902
come up for discussion,
396
00:13:14,959 --> 00:13:16,239
and that's where the discussions
397
00:13:16,293 --> 00:13:17,328
get interesting.
398
00:13:19,163 --> 00:13:20,163
This was really a good
399
00:13:20,197 --> 00:13:21,904
meeting, and I've been on this
400
00:13:21,966 --> 00:13:24,071
board since its inception.
401
00:13:24,134 --> 00:13:25,442
In the early years, you knew
402
00:13:25,502 --> 00:13:26,640
there were certain kinds of
403
00:13:26,704 --> 00:13:28,149
movies that were the
404
00:13:28,205 --> 00:13:29,650
sprocket-worn classics, the
405
00:13:29,707 --> 00:13:31,414
great films, they would be on
406
00:13:31,475 --> 00:13:33,113
the list, and then you'd put in
407
00:13:33,177 --> 00:13:35,384
a couple more that you hoped
408
00:13:35,446 --> 00:13:36,516
you would expand people's
409
00:13:36,580 --> 00:13:38,526
consciousness about.
410
00:13:38,582 --> 00:13:39,822
It's great to be on the board
411
00:13:39,883 --> 00:13:41,487
because there are so many people
412
00:13:41,552 --> 00:13:43,225
from different aspects of film
413
00:13:43,287 --> 00:13:44,595
and scholarship and everything
414
00:13:44,655 --> 00:13:46,134
related to film, and they bring
415
00:13:46,190 --> 00:13:48,898
up films, you know, that...
416
00:13:48,959 --> 00:13:49,903
I always write them down because
417
00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:51,098
I go, "Oh, I haven't seen this."
418
00:13:51,161 --> 00:13:53,368
I'll have to go see it."
419
00:13:53,430 --> 00:13:54,807
I'm a fairly new
420
00:13:54,865 --> 00:13:56,105
board member.
421
00:13:56,166 --> 00:13:57,474
In the beginning,
422
00:13:57,534 --> 00:13:58,877
it is overwhelming.
423
00:13:58,936 --> 00:14:00,381
There are hundreds of films
424
00:14:00,471 --> 00:14:01,916
that are talked about.
425
00:14:01,939 --> 00:14:03,213
The discussions can range
426
00:14:03,273 --> 00:14:04,809
from being very lighthearted
427
00:14:04,875 --> 00:14:05,751
to very serious.
428
00:14:05,809 --> 00:14:06,981
They have people talking
429
00:14:07,044 --> 00:14:08,921
about home movies, people
430
00:14:08,979 --> 00:14:10,390
talking about newsreels,
431
00:14:10,447 --> 00:14:12,620
people talking about short
432
00:14:12,683 --> 00:14:14,390
films of various kinds.
433
00:14:14,451 --> 00:14:15,657
And it's always one of the
434
00:14:15,719 --> 00:14:17,721
most interesting moments to see
435
00:14:17,788 --> 00:14:20,234
what has been chosen.
436
00:14:20,290 --> 00:14:21,268
And as you go through, you
437
00:14:21,325 --> 00:14:22,861
think, "Well, of course that."
438
00:14:22,926 --> 00:14:23,927
I can't believe it wasn't
439
00:14:23,994 --> 00:14:25,064
"chosen before."
440
00:14:25,129 --> 00:14:26,005
And then you'll come to
441
00:14:26,063 --> 00:14:28,441
something and say, "What?"
442
00:14:28,499 --> 00:14:29,603
'cause this is
443
00:14:29,666 --> 00:14:31,475
thriller
444
00:14:31,535 --> 00:14:33,014
thriller night,
445
00:14:33,070 --> 00:14:34,913
and no one's gonna save you...
446
00:14:34,972 --> 00:14:35,972
Now it really is
447
00:14:35,973 --> 00:14:36,644
American history.
448
00:14:36,707 --> 00:14:39,278
Michael Jackson's iconic video
449
00:14:39,343 --> 00:14:41,448
thriller was named today to the.
450
00:14:41,512 --> 00:14:43,185
National Film Registry at the.
451
00:14:43,247 --> 00:14:44,419
Library of Congress,
452
00:14:44,481 --> 00:14:46,483
the first music video ever
453
00:14:46,550 --> 00:14:48,552
to receive that honor.
454
00:14:48,619 --> 00:14:50,030
Thriller,
455
00:14:50,087 --> 00:14:51,623
thriller...
456
00:14:51,688 --> 00:14:52,689
The nice thing about the list
457
00:14:52,756 --> 00:14:54,099
is it's all over the place.
458
00:14:54,158 --> 00:14:55,398
It's democratic.
459
00:14:55,459 --> 00:14:58,099
You're tearing me apart!
460
00:14:58,162 --> 00:14:59,402
I vote for films that I think
461
00:14:59,496 --> 00:15:00,770
are culturally significant, and
462
00:15:00,798 --> 00:15:02,573
sometimes I vote for films that
463
00:15:02,633 --> 00:15:05,944
I think... even films that I
464
00:15:06,003 --> 00:15:08,313
don't particularly like, I will
465
00:15:08,372 --> 00:15:09,646
vote for it because I think
466
00:15:09,706 --> 00:15:11,344
they have a special place
467
00:15:11,408 --> 00:15:12,546
in film history.
468
00:15:12,609 --> 00:15:13,917
I certainly felt,
469
00:15:13,977 --> 00:15:16,014
as a cultural historian myself,
470
00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:19,152
that this was an important part
471
00:15:19,216 --> 00:15:20,854
of American culture and that it
472
00:15:20,918 --> 00:15:22,693
had to be preserved not simply
473
00:15:22,753 --> 00:15:24,289
so that our grandkids could
474
00:15:24,354 --> 00:15:25,594
enjoy the same films that
475
00:15:25,656 --> 00:15:27,135
we did, but also so that
476
00:15:27,191 --> 00:15:28,465
they could understand
477
00:15:28,525 --> 00:15:29,936
what America was like
478
00:15:29,993 --> 00:15:31,734
at an earlier stage.
479
00:15:34,408 --> 00:15:35,408
Dr. Billington, the.
480
00:15:35,432 --> 00:15:36,638
Librarian, said something very
481
00:15:36,700 --> 00:15:38,145
profound a little while ago.
482
00:15:38,202 --> 00:15:39,943
He said that stories
483
00:15:40,003 --> 00:15:41,004
unite people.
484
00:15:41,071 --> 00:15:42,641
Theories divide them.
485
00:15:42,706 --> 00:15:44,151
So that in itself is a wonderful
486
00:15:44,208 --> 00:15:46,347
reason to preserve stories.
487
00:15:48,278 --> 00:15:49,621
Stories are profoundly important
488
00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,559
to human beings.
489
00:15:52,616 --> 00:15:55,392
500 years from now, people
490
00:15:55,452 --> 00:15:58,433
will look back and they'll say,
491
00:15:58,489 --> 00:16:00,059
"This was the beginning."
492
00:16:00,157 --> 00:16:01,761
This was the first 100 years.
493
00:16:01,792 --> 00:16:03,999
These were the origins.
494
00:16:04,061 --> 00:16:05,870
Why didn't they take better
495
00:16:05,929 --> 00:16:06,805
"care of them?"
496
00:16:06,864 --> 00:16:07,467
And the "they" they're
497
00:16:07,531 --> 00:16:10,512
talking about is us.
498
00:16:10,567 --> 00:16:11,841
Film is the art form
499
00:16:11,902 --> 00:16:14,041
of the 20th century, and we
500
00:16:14,104 --> 00:16:15,583
have let it go.
501
00:16:15,639 --> 00:16:18,017
The studios stored the films
502
00:16:18,075 --> 00:16:19,952
badly and they deteriorated,
503
00:16:20,010 --> 00:16:20,613
they burned.
504
00:16:20,677 --> 00:16:21,849
They didn't think of them
505
00:16:21,912 --> 00:16:23,186
as an art form.
506
00:16:23,247 --> 00:16:25,853
Half of the movies
507
00:16:25,916 --> 00:16:28,897
made before 1950 no longer exist
508
00:16:28,952 --> 00:16:30,522
in any form whatsoever.
509
00:16:30,587 --> 00:16:33,227
Maybe 80% or so of the
510
00:16:33,290 --> 00:16:35,736
silent era is gone.
511
00:16:35,792 --> 00:16:36,998
So much of film
512
00:16:37,060 --> 00:16:38,698
history has already been lost,
513
00:16:38,762 --> 00:16:39,797
but there's still a very great
514
00:16:39,863 --> 00:16:41,240
deal which can be saved if we're
515
00:16:41,298 --> 00:16:42,675
willing to do it.
516
00:17:09,293 --> 00:17:11,136
It's really amazing to pick
517
00:17:11,195 --> 00:17:13,141
up a roll of film and just to
518
00:17:13,197 --> 00:17:15,199
see this and realize the age of
519
00:17:15,265 --> 00:17:17,245
this film and all the people who
520
00:17:17,301 --> 00:17:19,440
went into making it and just to
521
00:17:19,503 --> 00:17:21,278
look at the images on it.
522
00:17:21,338 --> 00:17:22,214
All these people who worked
523
00:17:22,272 --> 00:17:23,580
on these things who are all
524
00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:24,680
gone now, but they've left
525
00:17:24,708 --> 00:17:26,278
behind these amazing shadows
526
00:17:26,343 --> 00:17:28,755
for us to enjoy.
527
00:17:33,984 --> 00:17:36,692
I always keep a little memento
528
00:17:36,753 --> 00:17:39,563
of my beginning here at my desk.
529
00:17:39,623 --> 00:17:44,231
This is a Castle Films headline
530
00:17:44,294 --> 00:17:46,399
edition, California bound.
531
00:17:46,463 --> 00:17:47,464
It's actually a three-minute
532
00:17:47,531 --> 00:17:49,238
clip from the W.C. Fields film,
533
00:17:49,299 --> 00:17:51,040
it's a gift, where they go to
534
00:17:51,101 --> 00:17:52,341
this rich man's estate and the
535
00:17:52,402 --> 00:17:53,682
family basically has a picnic on
536
00:17:53,704 --> 00:17:54,682
the lawn and makes a mess.
537
00:17:54,738 --> 00:17:55,443
Look out where
538
00:17:55,505 --> 00:17:57,143
you're going!
539
00:17:57,207 --> 00:17:59,084
Oh! Look what you've done!
540
00:17:59,142 --> 00:18:00,142
She ran right in front
541
00:18:00,210 --> 00:18:01,280
of the car!
542
00:18:01,311 --> 00:18:03,382
When I first saw W.C. Fields
543
00:18:03,447 --> 00:18:06,394
in this film, his humor, his
544
00:18:06,450 --> 00:18:08,987
sort of laconic behavior
545
00:18:09,052 --> 00:18:11,589
and kind of slovenliness,
546
00:18:11,655 --> 00:18:12,793
it spoke to me as a man
547
00:18:12,856 --> 00:18:14,529
and as a human being.
548
00:18:15,592 --> 00:18:16,592
Stop it!
549
00:18:16,593 --> 00:18:18,038
Oh, you idiot.
550
00:18:18,095 --> 00:18:19,904
Those were my mother's feathers.
551
00:18:20,831 --> 00:18:22,708
Stop it.
552
00:18:22,766 --> 00:18:23,506
Never knew your mother
553
00:18:23,567 --> 00:18:24,807
had feathers.
554
00:18:24,868 --> 00:18:26,040
Probably the most amazing and
555
00:18:26,103 --> 00:18:27,878
unique thing about the Packard
556
00:18:27,938 --> 00:18:30,043
campus is that it is part of the.
557
00:18:30,107 --> 00:18:31,279
Library of Congress.
558
00:18:31,341 --> 00:18:34,083
We are fortunate in that we get
559
00:18:34,144 --> 00:18:37,421
a part of a budget from Congress
560
00:18:37,481 --> 00:18:39,085
every year and part of that
561
00:18:39,149 --> 00:18:40,184
budget, and a fairly good-sized
562
00:18:40,250 --> 00:18:42,526
chunk, goes to preservation.
563
00:18:42,586 --> 00:18:43,929
In the late 1890s,
564
00:18:43,987 --> 00:18:46,228
the nitrocellulose film
565
00:18:46,290 --> 00:18:47,860
was developed.
566
00:18:47,924 --> 00:18:49,926
The... sort of uniqueness
567
00:18:49,993 --> 00:18:52,599
of the nitrate film is why they
568
00:18:52,663 --> 00:18:54,802
actually have a manager for just
569
00:18:54,865 --> 00:18:56,469
the nitrate film collection.
570
00:18:56,533 --> 00:18:57,739
So much of the nitrate film
571
00:18:57,801 --> 00:18:59,803
collection is unknown, so we are
572
00:18:59,903 --> 00:19:00,938
constantly working on the
573
00:19:00,971 --> 00:19:02,644
collection to try and identify
574
00:19:02,706 --> 00:19:04,481
those little bits of film that
575
00:19:04,541 --> 00:19:05,349
might be something really
576
00:19:05,409 --> 00:19:06,410
important, but we have no idea
577
00:19:06,476 --> 00:19:07,546
what they are.
578
00:19:07,611 --> 00:19:08,954
The major problem with nitrate
579
00:19:09,012 --> 00:19:10,889
is that it is very flammable.
580
00:19:10,947 --> 00:19:12,085
And when I say "very flammable",
581
00:19:12,149 --> 00:19:13,924
I mean it is very flammable.
582
00:19:13,984 --> 00:19:15,554
It is like setting a fuse on a
583
00:19:15,619 --> 00:19:16,619
piece of dynamite.
584
00:19:20,324 --> 00:19:22,065
We continued using nitrate up
585
00:19:22,125 --> 00:19:23,900
until the 1950s, when the
586
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:25,303
triacetate safety came out
587
00:19:25,362 --> 00:19:26,773
and was deemed just or almost
588
00:19:26,830 --> 00:19:28,400
as good as the nitrate film
589
00:19:28,465 --> 00:19:29,465
that preceded it.
590
00:19:31,812 --> 00:19:32,812
Well, this is my little
591
00:19:32,836 --> 00:19:33,439
world here.
592
00:19:33,503 --> 00:19:34,914
We call this "nitrate land."
593
00:19:34,971 --> 00:19:36,541
These are the nitrate vaults of
594
00:19:36,606 --> 00:19:37,983
the Library of Congress.
595
00:19:38,041 --> 00:19:40,021
We have 124 climate-controlled
596
00:19:40,077 --> 00:19:40,714
vaults.
597
00:19:40,777 --> 00:19:41,448
They're maintained at about
598
00:19:41,511 --> 00:19:43,548
39 degrees fahrenheit, about
599
00:19:43,613 --> 00:19:45,251
30% relative humidity.
600
00:19:45,315 --> 00:19:47,124
Within these vaults, we have
601
00:19:47,184 --> 00:19:49,494
130,000, approximately, rolls of
602
00:19:49,553 --> 00:19:50,725
nitrate motion picture film
603
00:19:50,787 --> 00:19:53,063
dating from about 1894
604
00:19:53,123 --> 00:19:54,693
to about 1952.
605
00:19:54,758 --> 00:19:56,567
It is a truly amazing collection
606
00:19:56,626 --> 00:19:58,105
and one of a kind.
607
00:19:58,161 --> 00:20:00,937
See what else we got here.
608
00:20:03,166 --> 00:20:05,578
Nah...
609
00:20:05,635 --> 00:20:07,012
P-eww!
610
00:20:07,070 --> 00:20:09,141
This is our triage area of
611
00:20:09,206 --> 00:20:11,413
films that the other staff find
612
00:20:11,475 --> 00:20:13,921
that are questionable, and
613
00:20:13,977 --> 00:20:15,183
they're brought to me to do
614
00:20:15,245 --> 00:20:16,053
inspection on.
615
00:20:16,113 --> 00:20:17,558
This is a can of
616
00:20:17,614 --> 00:20:18,888
small fragments.
617
00:20:18,949 --> 00:20:21,429
Normally, with a film you should
618
00:20:21,485 --> 00:20:23,362
be able to, like, it should
619
00:20:23,420 --> 00:20:25,058
give somewhat and be somewhat
620
00:20:25,122 --> 00:20:26,294
loosely wound.
621
00:20:26,356 --> 00:20:28,495
This one is solid as a rock.
622
00:20:28,558 --> 00:20:29,935
This is what we refer to
623
00:20:29,993 --> 00:20:32,405
as a hockey puck.
624
00:20:32,462 --> 00:20:34,703
It has been wet.
625
00:20:34,765 --> 00:20:36,403
It is probably very stuck
626
00:20:36,466 --> 00:20:39,504
together, so I'm going to see if
627
00:20:39,569 --> 00:20:40,775
I can at least peel something
628
00:20:40,837 --> 00:20:48,187
off to tell what it was... ah!
629
00:20:48,245 --> 00:20:51,055
Oh... darn.
630
00:20:51,114 --> 00:20:53,526
Look at that... wow.
631
00:20:53,583 --> 00:20:54,789
Through a variety of reasons,
632
00:20:54,851 --> 00:20:58,958
through basic neglect or
633
00:20:59,022 --> 00:21:00,365
deterioration especially,
634
00:21:00,457 --> 00:21:02,494
many of our early films, and
635
00:21:02,526 --> 00:21:03,300
actually some more recent ones,
636
00:21:03,360 --> 00:21:04,168
are lost forever.
637
00:21:04,227 --> 00:21:05,729
I mean, there's nothing left.
638
00:21:07,097 --> 00:21:08,132
I know of one Academy Award-
639
00:21:08,198 --> 00:21:10,200
winning film called The Patriot
640
00:21:10,267 --> 00:21:11,575
and all that survives on it are
641
00:21:11,635 --> 00:21:14,047
a few trailers and stills.
642
00:21:15,572 --> 00:21:17,051
The other reason a lot of them
643
00:21:17,107 --> 00:21:18,415
don't survive, of course, is
644
00:21:18,475 --> 00:21:19,954
just because the studios didn't
645
00:21:20,010 --> 00:21:21,318
really care about 'em.
646
00:21:21,378 --> 00:21:22,823
They were just product, and once
647
00:21:22,879 --> 00:21:23,880
they were done and made their
648
00:21:23,947 --> 00:21:25,483
money, they went on the shelf.
649
00:21:25,549 --> 00:21:26,653
One studio destroyed all their
650
00:21:26,716 --> 00:21:27,694
silent negatives in the '40s
651
00:21:27,751 --> 00:21:28,751
because they didn't think
652
00:21:28,785 --> 00:21:29,593
anyone was ever going to
653
00:21:29,653 --> 00:21:30,825
want to see them again.
654
00:21:38,995 --> 00:21:40,030
I got involved in film
655
00:21:40,096 --> 00:21:41,200
archiving 'cause I saw Gone with
656
00:21:41,264 --> 00:21:43,403
the Wind when I was 12.
657
00:21:43,467 --> 00:21:44,844
And to think that I might have a
658
00:21:44,901 --> 00:21:46,812
part in somebody, some other
659
00:21:46,870 --> 00:21:48,372
12-year-old girl seeing a
660
00:21:48,438 --> 00:21:51,419
movie that changes their life is
661
00:21:51,475 --> 00:21:53,011
really exciting to me.
662
00:21:56,213 --> 00:21:57,715
I volunteered at the library
663
00:21:57,781 --> 00:22:00,785
for a month before I applied
664
00:22:00,884 --> 00:22:03,160
for a job and while I was
665
00:22:03,186 --> 00:22:04,665
volunteering, Warner Brothers
666
00:22:04,721 --> 00:22:05,961
was doing a restoration of Gone
667
00:22:05,989 --> 00:22:07,491
with the Wind, and sure enough,
668
00:22:07,557 --> 00:22:09,366
I walked into one of the back
669
00:22:09,426 --> 00:22:10,803
rooms one day to find a stack of
670
00:22:10,861 --> 00:22:11,965
negatives and I got really
671
00:22:12,028 --> 00:22:13,063
excited and I remember running
672
00:22:13,129 --> 00:22:14,437
into a couple people's offices,
673
00:22:14,498 --> 00:22:15,499
I mean, like, "Look at this!"
674
00:22:15,565 --> 00:22:16,908
"Look at this!" And they knew
675
00:22:16,967 --> 00:22:18,173
exactly why I was excited 'cause
676
00:22:18,235 --> 00:22:19,179
they'd found their favorite
677
00:22:19,236 --> 00:22:21,512
movies and had the same feeling.
678
00:22:21,571 --> 00:22:23,744
My favorite part of the job is
679
00:22:23,807 --> 00:22:25,445
spending a whole day saving a
680
00:22:25,509 --> 00:22:27,079
film, you know, a film that
681
00:22:27,143 --> 00:22:29,054
comes in that's torn and no one
682
00:22:29,112 --> 00:22:31,058
can watch and it's up to me to
683
00:22:31,114 --> 00:22:33,151
make sure that it gets to a
684
00:22:33,216 --> 00:22:35,822
point where it can be rescued.
685
00:22:35,886 --> 00:22:37,422
It's kind of like a lost
686
00:22:37,487 --> 00:22:38,795
puppy... That needs
687
00:22:38,855 --> 00:22:41,267
to be taken care of.
688
00:22:41,324 --> 00:22:42,997
Ah, nice.
689
00:22:43,059 --> 00:22:45,164
Nice splice job... oh...
690
00:22:45,228 --> 00:22:46,764
Is it a piece of...?
691
00:22:46,830 --> 00:22:48,104
Oh, that's great.
692
00:22:48,164 --> 00:22:49,302
So we have a piece of scotch
693
00:22:49,366 --> 00:22:51,039
tape that someone just stuck on
694
00:22:51,101 --> 00:22:52,842
the film to repair a rip.
695
00:22:52,903 --> 00:22:53,904
That's my job and to know
696
00:22:53,970 --> 00:22:55,745
that because of me spending
697
00:22:55,805 --> 00:22:58,479
hours staring at tiny frames and
698
00:22:58,542 --> 00:22:59,577
working with, you know, small
699
00:22:59,676 --> 00:23:01,917
pieces of tape, that future
700
00:23:01,945 --> 00:23:03,219
generations are gonna see it,
701
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:04,350
is very exciting.
702
00:23:04,414 --> 00:23:05,449
A friend of mine had a
703
00:23:05,515 --> 00:23:06,926
16-millimeter print.
704
00:23:06,983 --> 00:23:08,428
He said, "you have to"
705
00:23:08,485 --> 00:23:09,327
see this film.
706
00:23:09,386 --> 00:23:10,507
I want you to see this film.
707
00:23:10,554 --> 00:23:12,090
"It's, like, this amazing film."
708
00:23:12,155 --> 00:23:13,930
There were no DVDs in those
709
00:23:13,990 --> 00:23:15,936
days, no videotapes, nothing.
710
00:23:15,992 --> 00:23:17,164
I had a Bell & Howell
711
00:23:17,227 --> 00:23:18,934
projector, I put the film on,
712
00:23:18,995 --> 00:23:19,995
I watched it and I went.
713
00:23:20,030 --> 00:23:22,067
"Oh, my God!"
714
00:23:22,132 --> 00:23:23,132
Yay!
715
00:23:23,133 --> 00:23:25,113
Hello, Bedford Falls!
716
00:23:27,737 --> 00:23:29,478
Merry Christmas!
717
00:23:29,539 --> 00:23:30,176
Merry Christmas!
718
00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:31,446
Merry Christmas, George!
719
00:23:31,508 --> 00:23:32,350
Merry Christmas,
720
00:23:32,409 --> 00:23:33,251
George!
721
00:23:33,310 --> 00:23:34,414
What struck me more than
722
00:23:34,477 --> 00:23:35,717
anything was the emotion of it.
723
00:23:35,779 --> 00:23:37,486
I cried.
724
00:23:37,547 --> 00:23:38,548
Is this the ear
725
00:23:38,615 --> 00:23:40,390
you can't hear on?
726
00:23:40,450 --> 00:23:41,929
George Bailey, I'll
727
00:23:41,985 --> 00:23:44,158
love you till the day I die.
728
00:23:44,220 --> 00:23:45,324
I'm going out exploring
729
00:23:45,388 --> 00:23:47,061
someday... you watch.
730
00:23:47,123 --> 00:23:49,069
I cried when Jimmy Stewart
731
00:23:49,125 --> 00:23:50,433
grabbed her and they were
732
00:23:50,493 --> 00:23:51,369
listening to the phone together
733
00:23:51,428 --> 00:23:52,702
and he grabbed her and it was
734
00:23:52,762 --> 00:23:53,762
one take.
735
00:23:53,797 --> 00:23:55,299
No cutaways, one take,
736
00:23:55,365 --> 00:23:56,241
and said...
737
00:23:56,299 --> 00:23:57,642
Now, you listen to me.
738
00:23:57,701 --> 00:23:59,237
I don't want any plastics and I
739
00:23:59,336 --> 00:24:00,713
don't want any ground floors and
740
00:24:00,737 --> 00:24:02,182
I don't want to get married ever
741
00:24:02,238 --> 00:24:03,808
to anyone... you understand that?
742
00:24:04,808 --> 00:24:06,310
I wanna do what I wanna do,
743
00:24:06,376 --> 00:24:08,754
and you're... and you're...
744
00:24:10,113 --> 00:24:11,558
Oh, Mary... Mary...
745
00:24:11,615 --> 00:24:13,219
George, George, George...
746
00:24:13,283 --> 00:24:15,285
It is my favorite film
747
00:24:15,352 --> 00:24:17,332
because it's a film that
748
00:24:17,387 --> 00:24:20,891
celebrates the value of life,
749
00:24:20,957 --> 00:24:22,994
and there is nothing greater
750
00:24:23,059 --> 00:24:24,402
than us all appreciating
751
00:24:24,461 --> 00:24:25,496
the value of our lives
752
00:24:25,562 --> 00:24:26,472
and other lives.
753
00:24:26,529 --> 00:24:28,907
Auld Lang Syne.
754
00:24:28,965 --> 00:24:31,809
We'll drink a cup
755
00:24:31,868 --> 00:24:34,644
of kindness yet
756
00:24:34,704 --> 00:24:40,347
for Auld Lang Syne.
757
00:24:44,648 --> 00:24:47,925
Film should be an experience.
758
00:24:47,984 --> 00:24:49,588
Reality outside the frame is
759
00:24:49,653 --> 00:24:52,259
your everyday life.
760
00:24:52,322 --> 00:24:53,960
The reality inside the frame
761
00:24:54,024 --> 00:24:55,435
is whatever you want to create
762
00:24:55,492 --> 00:24:58,029
it to be.
763
00:25:06,503 --> 00:25:07,641
Some films definitely give
764
00:25:07,704 --> 00:25:10,014
you access to a dream world.
765
00:25:10,073 --> 00:25:11,245
I think musicals probably do
766
00:25:11,307 --> 00:25:13,048
that better than most.
767
00:25:13,109 --> 00:25:14,747
Follow the yellow brick road.
768
00:25:14,811 --> 00:25:16,449
Follow the yellow brick road.
769
00:25:16,513 --> 00:25:17,253
Follow the
770
00:25:17,313 --> 00:25:18,519
yellow brick road,
771
00:25:18,581 --> 00:25:20,219
follow the yellow brick road
772
00:25:20,283 --> 00:25:21,091
follow, follow...
773
00:25:21,151 --> 00:25:21,993
It immediately
774
00:25:22,052 --> 00:25:24,123
takes you out of reality.
775
00:25:24,187 --> 00:25:25,996
It's something that could only
776
00:25:26,056 --> 00:25:28,297
happen in your dreams, but that
777
00:25:28,358 --> 00:25:30,360
doesn't make it less worthwhile.
778
00:25:30,427 --> 00:25:31,462
In fact, for me it frequently
779
00:25:31,528 --> 00:25:33,030
makes it more worthwhile.
780
00:25:34,097 --> 00:25:35,218
It's not a place you can get
781
00:25:35,265 --> 00:25:39,111
to by a boat or a train.
782
00:25:39,169 --> 00:25:42,048
It's far, far away.
783
00:25:42,105 --> 00:25:43,550
I would watch Wizard of Oz
784
00:25:43,606 --> 00:25:45,483
every day when I was two.
785
00:25:45,542 --> 00:25:46,987
I had a really hard time
786
00:25:47,043 --> 00:25:49,182
understanding that I couldn't
787
00:25:49,245 --> 00:25:51,384
go into the film, 'cause it felt
788
00:25:51,448 --> 00:25:52,950
so real to me.
789
00:25:53,016 --> 00:25:55,826
Somewhere
790
00:25:55,885 --> 00:25:58,058
over the rainbow...
791
00:25:58,121 --> 00:25:58,929
It's a wonderful
792
00:25:58,988 --> 00:25:59,864
universal story.
793
00:25:59,900 --> 00:26:00,900
I mean, if you look at
794
00:26:00,924 --> 00:26:02,130
the Wizard of Oz, it takes a
795
00:26:02,192 --> 00:26:03,603
reality which is the beginning
796
00:26:03,660 --> 00:26:05,162
of the movie and it turns it
797
00:26:05,228 --> 00:26:06,673
into a mythology.
798
00:26:06,730 --> 00:26:09,006
Dreams that you dare
799
00:26:09,065 --> 00:26:13,343
to dream really do come true.
800
00:26:13,403 --> 00:26:14,279
You know, all great
801
00:26:14,337 --> 00:26:16,180
storytelling is a form of myth.
802
00:26:16,239 --> 00:26:17,513
Tap your heels together
803
00:26:17,574 --> 00:26:20,783
three times...
804
00:26:20,844 --> 00:26:23,222
And think to yourself,
805
00:26:23,279 --> 00:26:26,089
"“There's no place like home."
806
00:26:26,149 --> 00:26:27,219
The Wizard of Oz is still
807
00:26:27,283 --> 00:26:28,443
my all-time favorite movie...
808
00:26:28,451 --> 00:26:29,361
probably for the wrong reasons.
809
00:26:29,419 --> 00:26:30,489
I never got why Dorothy
810
00:26:30,553 --> 00:26:31,861
wanted to go home.
811
00:26:31,921 --> 00:26:33,081
Why would she want to go home
812
00:26:33,123 --> 00:26:34,363
when she could live with winged
813
00:26:34,390 --> 00:26:35,960
monkeys and witches and...
814
00:26:36,025 --> 00:26:37,197
I don't know, I never understood
815
00:26:37,260 --> 00:26:38,739
it... I was sobbing when she went
816
00:26:38,795 --> 00:26:40,672
home to that dreary farm.
817
00:26:40,730 --> 00:26:41,572
This was a real,
818
00:26:41,631 --> 00:26:43,235
truly live place.
819
00:26:43,299 --> 00:26:45,176
And I remember that some of it
820
00:26:45,235 --> 00:26:47,374
wasn't very nice, but most of it
821
00:26:47,437 --> 00:26:48,848
was beautiful.
822
00:26:48,905 --> 00:26:50,384
I've always been an
823
00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:52,545
aficionado of science fiction,
824
00:26:52,609 --> 00:26:54,316
fantasy and horror.
825
00:26:54,377 --> 00:26:55,515
The truth is, speculative
826
00:26:55,578 --> 00:26:57,785
fiction has always informed us
827
00:26:57,847 --> 00:27:00,020
about who we are.
828
00:27:00,116 --> 00:27:02,153
If you go back to Invasion of
829
00:27:02,185 --> 00:27:03,789
the Body Snatchers, it was
830
00:27:03,853 --> 00:27:06,629
a parable about McCarthyism
831
00:27:06,689 --> 00:27:07,793
and the Red Scare.
832
00:27:09,159 --> 00:27:10,159
They have to be
833
00:27:10,160 --> 00:27:11,639
destroyed... all of them!
834
00:27:11,694 --> 00:27:12,694
They will be,
835
00:27:12,729 --> 00:27:13,571
every one of them.
836
00:27:13,630 --> 00:27:14,631
Listen, we're gonna have to
837
00:27:14,697 --> 00:27:15,471
search every building,
838
00:27:15,532 --> 00:27:16,636
every house in town.
839
00:27:16,699 --> 00:27:17,507
Men, women and children are
840
00:27:17,567 --> 00:27:18,409
gonna have to be examined.
841
00:27:18,468 --> 00:27:19,640
We've got some phoning to do.
842
00:27:19,702 --> 00:27:20,737
Filmmakers were able to
843
00:27:20,804 --> 00:27:22,841
make that film and send a
844
00:27:22,906 --> 00:27:24,351
message without having it be
845
00:27:24,407 --> 00:27:25,579
a message movie.
846
00:27:25,642 --> 00:27:26,643
It's a malignant disease
847
00:27:26,709 --> 00:27:27,346
spreading through the
848
00:27:27,410 --> 00:27:28,514
whole country.
849
00:27:28,578 --> 00:27:29,955
Initially those films
850
00:27:30,013 --> 00:27:31,959
were relegated to B-movies
851
00:27:32,015 --> 00:27:33,153
or even Z-movies.
852
00:27:33,216 --> 00:27:34,627
They weren't given any kind
853
00:27:34,684 --> 00:27:36,095
of critical acclaim.
854
00:27:36,152 --> 00:27:37,392
They generally weren't big
855
00:27:37,453 --> 00:27:39,160
commercial successes.
856
00:27:40,834 --> 00:27:41,834
Are you crazy?!
857
00:27:41,858 --> 00:27:42,858
Ya big idiot!
858
00:27:42,892 --> 00:27:45,133
They're here already!
859
00:27:45,195 --> 00:27:46,538
You're next!
860
00:27:46,596 --> 00:27:48,473
I think I'm not so much
861
00:27:48,531 --> 00:27:50,977
a fan of science fiction per se
862
00:27:51,034 --> 00:27:53,412
as I am a fan of cinema
863
00:27:53,469 --> 00:27:54,743
that creates worlds, that
864
00:27:54,804 --> 00:27:57,216
creates an entire alternate
865
00:27:57,273 --> 00:27:58,394
universe that you can escape
866
00:27:58,408 --> 00:28:01,082
into for a couple of hours.
867
00:28:11,287 --> 00:28:12,288
The first time that I.
868
00:28:12,355 --> 00:28:14,733
A Space Odyssey,
869
00:28:14,791 --> 00:28:17,829
I was completely blown away.
870
00:28:34,477 --> 00:28:37,321
It made me think about mankind,
871
00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:39,792
the future of mankind...
872
00:28:39,849 --> 00:28:41,123
Where we came
873
00:28:41,184 --> 00:28:42,424
from, where are we going?
874
00:28:42,485 --> 00:28:43,725
And the special effects were
875
00:28:43,786 --> 00:28:44,821
absolutely magnificent, and it
876
00:28:44,888 --> 00:28:47,027
was a film to take seriously,
877
00:28:47,090 --> 00:28:50,537
not a film that was disposable.
878
00:28:50,593 --> 00:28:53,972
Open the pod bay doors, Hal.
879
00:28:54,030 --> 00:28:55,668
I'm sorry, Dave.
880
00:28:55,732 --> 00:28:58,440
I'm afraid I can't do that.
881
00:28:58,501 --> 00:28:59,377
You could truly lose yourself
882
00:28:59,469 --> 00:29:01,380
in that cinematic experience,
883
00:29:01,404 --> 00:29:02,712
really opening up a way
884
00:29:02,772 --> 00:29:04,774
of looking at reality
885
00:29:04,841 --> 00:29:06,514
completely differently.
886
00:29:08,478 --> 00:29:09,616
I've always enjoyed films
887
00:29:09,679 --> 00:29:11,420
that reward multiple viewings,
888
00:29:11,481 --> 00:29:14,155
films that if you chose to come
889
00:29:14,217 --> 00:29:15,355
back and look at them again,
890
00:29:15,418 --> 00:29:16,726
you might see something else
891
00:29:16,786 --> 00:29:17,786
in them.
892
00:29:23,559 --> 00:29:25,163
It does transport you
893
00:29:25,228 --> 00:29:26,832
to an entirely different
894
00:29:26,896 --> 00:29:29,137
time and space, and to me,
895
00:29:29,198 --> 00:29:30,404
it does it so well that I
896
00:29:30,466 --> 00:29:31,877
lose myself entirely.
897
00:29:31,935 --> 00:29:33,095
I'm in a dream world when I'm
898
00:29:33,102 --> 00:29:34,274
watching Blade Runner.
899
00:29:35,872 --> 00:29:37,078
Each frame, each shot
900
00:29:37,140 --> 00:29:38,414
is full of the most
901
00:29:38,474 --> 00:29:39,043
extraordinary detail.
902
00:29:39,108 --> 00:29:41,145
It's really too much to take in
903
00:29:41,210 --> 00:29:43,053
on a first viewing, and it
904
00:29:43,112 --> 00:29:45,058
requires subsequent viewings to
905
00:29:45,114 --> 00:29:46,525
sort of orient yourself in the
906
00:29:46,582 --> 00:29:48,528
world of that film and see all
907
00:29:48,584 --> 00:29:49,585
of the different layers that
908
00:29:49,652 --> 00:29:50,960
went into the fulfillment of
909
00:29:51,020 --> 00:29:52,761
that grand design.
910
00:30:00,196 --> 00:30:02,301
I think for my generation,
911
00:30:02,365 --> 00:30:03,776
there isn't a filmmaker...
912
00:30:03,833 --> 00:30:05,176
working in Hollywood,
913
00:30:05,234 --> 00:30:07,646
certainly... who can deny
914
00:30:07,704 --> 00:30:08,546
the influence of the.
915
00:30:08,604 --> 00:30:09,604
Star Wars films.
916
00:30:09,605 --> 00:30:10,879
The first experience that I
917
00:30:10,940 --> 00:30:12,351
had with Star Wars was the
918
00:30:12,408 --> 00:30:13,682
summer that it came out.
919
00:30:13,743 --> 00:30:15,222
We went to the Coronet theater
920
00:30:15,278 --> 00:30:16,478
in San Francisco and there was
921
00:30:16,479 --> 00:30:17,958
a line... the biggest line I'd
922
00:30:18,014 --> 00:30:19,014
ever seen as a kid...
923
00:30:19,048 --> 00:30:20,391
around the block.
924
00:30:20,450 --> 00:30:21,724
The lights go down and I
925
00:30:21,784 --> 00:30:22,660
didn't really know what to
926
00:30:22,719 --> 00:30:24,096
expect whatsoever.
927
00:30:26,422 --> 00:30:28,925
Huge musical hit and the Star.
928
00:30:28,992 --> 00:30:30,938
Wars logo goes back and then
929
00:30:30,994 --> 00:30:32,496
the scrolling of the text
930
00:30:32,562 --> 00:30:35,509
happens and... and I began to
931
00:30:35,565 --> 00:30:36,805
sort of just become mesmerized.
932
00:30:41,904 --> 00:30:44,111
And then the moment that Star.
933
00:30:44,173 --> 00:30:45,516
Destroyer comes overhead,
934
00:30:45,575 --> 00:30:46,815
that just seemed like
935
00:30:46,876 --> 00:30:48,116
a forever moment.
936
00:30:48,177 --> 00:30:49,349
I just kept watching and
937
00:30:49,412 --> 00:30:50,516
watching and watching, thinking,
938
00:30:50,580 --> 00:30:52,150
“this is the biggest spaceship.
939
00:30:52,215 --> 00:30:54,991
"I've ever seen."
940
00:30:55,051 --> 00:30:57,725
To top it all off, by the time.
941
00:30:57,787 --> 00:30:59,095
Darth Vader makes his
942
00:30:59,155 --> 00:31:00,315
appearance, people started to
943
00:31:00,323 --> 00:31:01,927
boo and started to hiss at Darth.
944
00:31:01,958 --> 00:31:03,562
Vader, and I just thought, "This"
945
00:31:03,626 --> 00:31:05,503
is... what is going on here?"
946
00:31:05,561 --> 00:31:06,733
There's something more
947
00:31:06,796 --> 00:31:07,956
that this movie in particular
948
00:31:07,997 --> 00:31:09,806
has to offer.
949
00:31:11,434 --> 00:31:13,141
It simply opened up
950
00:31:13,202 --> 00:31:14,203
a feeling of reality
951
00:31:14,270 --> 00:31:15,476
in science fiction.
952
00:31:18,908 --> 00:31:20,945
The feeling of a completely
953
00:31:21,010 --> 00:31:22,990
thought-through world that
954
00:31:23,046 --> 00:31:26,050
existed outside the frame.
955
00:31:26,115 --> 00:31:27,287
I think when you look at the
956
00:31:27,350 --> 00:31:28,420
history of movies, I don't
957
00:31:28,484 --> 00:31:31,226
believe there's been as dominant
958
00:31:31,287 --> 00:31:33,733
a cultural milestone in cinema
959
00:31:33,790 --> 00:31:35,463
as that first Star Wars film.
960
00:31:41,631 --> 00:31:43,872
Now, as opposed to being
961
00:31:43,933 --> 00:31:46,072
on the outside watching,
962
00:31:46,135 --> 00:31:47,614
now I sort of feel like I'm
963
00:31:47,670 --> 00:31:49,115
part of that now.
964
00:31:49,172 --> 00:31:51,277
Remember,
965
00:31:51,340 --> 00:31:53,047
the Force will be with you...
966
00:31:53,109 --> 00:31:54,144
Always.
967
00:31:55,711 --> 00:31:56,711
The world that he
968
00:31:56,746 --> 00:31:57,867
created is something you had
969
00:31:57,914 --> 00:31:59,393
never seen before and you just
970
00:31:59,482 --> 00:32:00,517
wanted to be with those
971
00:32:00,550 --> 00:32:01,824
characters in that world.
972
00:32:01,884 --> 00:32:03,830
I was so blown away, but I
973
00:32:03,886 --> 00:32:05,695
always felt like, I wanna do
974
00:32:05,755 --> 00:32:07,200
that in animation.
975
00:32:07,256 --> 00:32:08,291
Halt, who goes there?
976
00:32:08,357 --> 00:32:09,734
Don't shoot! It's O.K.
977
00:32:09,792 --> 00:32:10,792
Friends.
978
00:32:10,827 --> 00:32:12,101
Do you know these life forms?
979
00:32:12,161 --> 00:32:12,798
Yes!
980
00:32:12,862 --> 00:32:14,500
They're Andy's toys.
981
00:32:14,564 --> 00:32:15,474
All right, everyone.
982
00:32:15,531 --> 00:32:16,566
You're clear to come up.
983
00:32:16,632 --> 00:32:18,168
I am Buzz Lightyear.
984
00:32:18,234 --> 00:32:19,770
I come in peace.
985
00:32:19,836 --> 00:32:21,645
Oh, I'm so glad you're not
986
00:32:21,704 --> 00:32:23,240
a dinosaur!
987
00:32:23,306 --> 00:32:24,512
It's all I ever wanted
988
00:32:24,574 --> 00:32:25,574
to do, you know?
989
00:32:25,575 --> 00:32:27,350
My true love was cartoons, even
990
00:32:27,410 --> 00:32:28,912
when it was uncool, right?
991
00:32:28,978 --> 00:32:29,979
When you're supposed to be into
992
00:32:30,046 --> 00:32:33,050
girls or cars or sports or
993
00:32:33,116 --> 00:32:34,322
things like that, I would run
994
00:32:34,383 --> 00:32:35,487
home after school to watch.
995
00:32:35,551 --> 00:32:37,758
Bugs Bunny cartoons and always
996
00:32:37,820 --> 00:32:38,821
pray that it would be a
997
00:32:38,888 --> 00:32:40,526
Chuck Jones cartoon.
998
00:32:40,590 --> 00:32:43,400
Kill the wabbit?
999
00:32:43,459 --> 00:32:44,699
The films that have been the
1000
00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:46,569
most influential on my career
1001
00:32:46,629 --> 00:32:48,802
are the films of Walt Disney...
1002
00:32:50,166 --> 00:32:52,646
Snow White...
1003
00:32:52,702 --> 00:32:53,908
Pinocchio...
1004
00:32:53,970 --> 00:32:55,881
I can walk!
1005
00:32:58,641 --> 00:33:01,520
Fantasia...
1006
00:33:01,555 --> 00:33:02,555
["Waltz of the Flowers"
1007
00:33:04,580 --> 00:33:05,684
I think that Fantasia
1008
00:33:05,748 --> 00:33:08,228
does represent sort of
1009
00:33:08,284 --> 00:33:10,059
the pinnacle of animation
1010
00:33:10,119 --> 00:33:11,393
of its time.
1011
00:33:11,454 --> 00:33:12,455
["Night on Bald Mountain"
1012
00:33:18,494 --> 00:33:19,268
And I was actually just
1013
00:33:19,328 --> 00:33:20,773
looking at "Night on Bald".
1014
00:33:20,830 --> 00:33:22,275
"Mountain" the other day because
1015
00:33:22,331 --> 00:33:23,810
there's beautiful, beautiful
1016
00:33:23,866 --> 00:33:25,106
fire animation.
1017
00:33:25,168 --> 00:33:28,012
Animating fire is not easy, and
1018
00:33:28,070 --> 00:33:29,413
I don't even know how the
1019
00:33:29,472 --> 00:33:30,610
animators did it.
1020
00:33:40,850 --> 00:33:42,022
So, yeah, in animation, you
1021
00:33:42,084 --> 00:33:45,759
can do anything... and then the
1022
00:33:45,821 --> 00:33:47,164
first time you see something
1023
00:33:47,223 --> 00:33:49,294
that you drew come to life,
1024
00:33:49,358 --> 00:33:51,770
you are addicted because
1025
00:33:51,827 --> 00:33:53,238
it's like magic.
1026
00:33:53,296 --> 00:33:54,707
When you see something
1027
00:33:54,764 --> 00:33:57,210
that you drew move, that is a
1028
00:33:57,266 --> 00:33:58,677
mind-blowing experience.
1029
00:33:58,734 --> 00:34:01,237
I remember when I was 12 or 13,
1030
00:34:01,337 --> 00:34:02,975
and I saw my first super-8
1031
00:34:03,005 --> 00:34:04,507
animation move and it was like...
1032
00:34:04,574 --> 00:34:05,854
I wanna say it's better than sex
1033
00:34:05,875 --> 00:34:07,115
but I'd never had sex when I
1034
00:34:07,176 --> 00:34:08,052
was 12, right?
1035
00:34:08,110 --> 00:34:09,384
But it was just incredible.
1036
00:34:09,445 --> 00:34:10,583
We knew we were
1037
00:34:10,646 --> 00:34:11,420
making the first
1038
00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,357
computer-animated feature film,
1039
00:34:13,416 --> 00:34:15,225
but the main focus was the story
1040
00:34:15,284 --> 00:34:16,957
and the characters.
1041
00:34:20,389 --> 00:34:21,959
Walt Disney always said for
1042
00:34:22,024 --> 00:34:23,128
every laugh, there should be a
1043
00:34:23,192 --> 00:34:24,967
tear, and it's something that
1044
00:34:25,027 --> 00:34:27,371
is so important to me in my
1045
00:34:27,430 --> 00:34:29,068
filmmaking, is that heart,
1046
00:34:29,131 --> 00:34:30,131
'cause I believe that's
1047
00:34:30,132 --> 00:34:32,078
something that stays with an
1048
00:34:32,134 --> 00:34:34,239
audience much longer than the
1049
00:34:34,303 --> 00:34:36,305
jokes have gotten old, but that
1050
00:34:36,372 --> 00:34:37,532
heart will always stay there.
1051
00:34:37,540 --> 00:34:39,713
You know how you feel when you
1052
00:34:39,775 --> 00:34:41,914
first watched these movies and
1053
00:34:41,978 --> 00:34:44,686
it brings a tear to your eye.
1054
00:34:44,747 --> 00:34:46,192
Absolutely, animation
1055
00:34:46,249 --> 00:34:49,059
belongs on any list of
1056
00:34:49,118 --> 00:34:51,792
culturally significant works.
1057
00:34:51,854 --> 00:34:55,529
Animation... is art.
1058
00:34:55,591 --> 00:34:56,569
When one looks through the
1059
00:34:56,626 --> 00:34:57,900
list of films that have been
1060
00:34:57,960 --> 00:34:59,564
selected over time, what one is
1061
00:34:59,662 --> 00:35:01,733
struck by most of all is the
1062
00:35:01,764 --> 00:35:03,402
extraordinary diversity of the
1063
00:35:03,466 --> 00:35:04,274
kinds of movies.
1064
00:35:04,333 --> 00:35:05,209
It isn't just
1065
00:35:05,268 --> 00:35:06,178
Hollywood films.
1066
00:35:06,235 --> 00:35:08,715
It's films that document.
1067
00:35:08,771 --> 00:35:10,341
America's life and.
1068
00:35:10,406 --> 00:35:11,407
America's heritage.
1069
00:35:13,709 --> 00:35:14,869
There's a wonderful film that
1070
00:35:14,910 --> 00:35:15,911
was named to the Registry
1071
00:35:15,978 --> 00:35:16,888
a few years ago.
1072
00:35:16,946 --> 00:35:18,016
It's a piece of amateur
1073
00:35:18,080 --> 00:35:20,321
filmmaking made by the wife
1074
00:35:20,383 --> 00:35:22,158
of a doctor in a sort of
1075
00:35:22,218 --> 00:35:25,165
agricultural town in Minnesota
1076
00:35:25,221 --> 00:35:26,791
in the '30s, and she went
1077
00:35:26,856 --> 00:35:28,164
around photographing what the
1078
00:35:28,224 --> 00:35:29,669
place looked like.
1079
00:35:33,629 --> 00:35:34,629
Well, this is wonderful.
1080
00:35:34,664 --> 00:35:35,836
It's like watching a bunch of
1081
00:35:35,898 --> 00:35:37,844
live Edward Hopper and Charles.
1082
00:35:37,900 --> 00:35:39,277
Sheeler canvases come
1083
00:35:39,335 --> 00:35:40,575
to life, you know?
1084
00:35:40,636 --> 00:35:41,512
Who knew?
1085
00:35:41,570 --> 00:35:43,277
So there's a film that very
1086
00:35:43,339 --> 00:35:44,750
specifically preserves a niche
1087
00:35:44,807 --> 00:35:46,343
in a corner of American life.
1088
00:35:53,115 --> 00:35:55,220
There is some sense of
1089
00:35:55,284 --> 00:35:58,197
sadness and poignancy.
1090
00:35:58,254 --> 00:35:59,460
It's part of our history, it's
1091
00:35:59,555 --> 00:36:01,091
part of our family history.
1092
00:36:01,123 --> 00:36:02,602
It's the history of a people,
1093
00:36:02,658 --> 00:36:05,002
history of our country.
1094
00:36:05,061 --> 00:36:08,508
One of the most tragic, yet
1095
00:36:08,564 --> 00:36:10,669
fascinating moments in our
1096
00:36:10,733 --> 00:36:12,440
country's history was the mass
1097
00:36:12,501 --> 00:36:15,072
internment of 120,000
1098
00:36:15,137 --> 00:36:17,640
Japanese-Americans.
1099
00:36:17,707 --> 00:36:20,153
Overnight, American citizens
1100
00:36:20,209 --> 00:36:22,348
of Japanese ancestry were looked
1101
00:36:22,411 --> 00:36:24,288
at with fear and suspicion,
1102
00:36:24,347 --> 00:36:26,122
simply because we looked like
1103
00:36:26,182 --> 00:36:27,182
the people who bombed.
1104
00:36:27,183 --> 00:36:28,457
Pearl Harbor.
1105
00:36:28,517 --> 00:36:30,758
Mass hysteria took over the
1106
00:36:30,820 --> 00:36:33,733
country, and President Roosevelt
1107
00:36:33,789 --> 00:36:36,269
ordered 120,000 people taken
1108
00:36:36,325 --> 00:36:38,931
from their homes, moved within
1109
00:36:38,994 --> 00:36:41,600
three days and put in internment
1110
00:36:41,664 --> 00:36:43,701
camps throughout the country.
1111
00:36:43,766 --> 00:36:45,143
I still remember that day
1112
00:36:45,201 --> 00:36:48,148
when two American soldiers with
1113
00:36:48,204 --> 00:36:49,808
bayonets on their rifles came
1114
00:36:49,872 --> 00:36:52,113
stomping up to the front door of
1115
00:36:52,174 --> 00:36:53,619
that house and ordered
1116
00:36:53,676 --> 00:36:55,451
our family out.
1117
00:36:55,511 --> 00:36:57,787
And I remember my mother had
1118
00:36:57,847 --> 00:36:59,884
tears streaming down her cheek
1119
00:36:59,982 --> 00:37:02,155
as we moved out.
1120
00:37:04,286 --> 00:37:06,391
It became normal for me to
1121
00:37:06,455 --> 00:37:08,526
begin the school day in a black
1122
00:37:08,591 --> 00:37:11,128
tar paper barrack with a Pledge
1123
00:37:11,193 --> 00:37:12,536
of Allegiance to the flag.
1124
00:37:12,595 --> 00:37:13,938
I could see the barbed wire
1125
00:37:13,996 --> 00:37:15,475
fence and the sentry towers
1126
00:37:15,531 --> 00:37:17,408
right outside my schoolhouse
1127
00:37:17,466 --> 00:37:19,343
window as I recited the words
1128
00:37:19,402 --> 00:37:21,211
"with liberty and justice
1129
00:37:21,270 --> 00:37:22,578
for all."
1130
00:37:26,075 --> 00:37:27,179
I have a nine-year-old
1131
00:37:27,243 --> 00:37:29,849
daughter and I want her to be
1132
00:37:29,912 --> 00:37:32,620
able to experience and see what
1133
00:37:32,681 --> 00:37:35,662
these camps looked like.
1134
00:37:35,718 --> 00:37:36,856
I think when you talk about the
1135
00:37:36,919 --> 00:37:38,830
history of an experience, you
1136
00:37:38,888 --> 00:37:41,368
can't really feel it unless you
1137
00:37:41,424 --> 00:37:44,598
can see it and visualize it.
1138
00:37:44,660 --> 00:37:45,263
My father is
1139
00:37:45,327 --> 00:37:48,240
Dave Masaharu Tatsuno and he
1140
00:37:48,297 --> 00:37:51,039
was responsible for the
1141
00:37:51,100 --> 00:37:53,740
film Topaz, which documents
1142
00:37:53,803 --> 00:37:55,476
life in an internment camp
1143
00:37:55,538 --> 00:37:56,642
during World War II.
1144
00:37:58,340 --> 00:38:00,320
That's my mother holding me
1145
00:38:00,409 --> 00:38:02,320
in the desert.
1146
00:38:02,344 --> 00:38:03,652
It wasn't meant to be
1147
00:38:03,712 --> 00:38:05,385
a documentary.
1148
00:38:05,448 --> 00:38:07,325
He was just trying to do
1149
00:38:07,383 --> 00:38:10,023
a family film for us.
1150
00:38:10,085 --> 00:38:12,793
What has come to be
1151
00:38:12,855 --> 00:38:16,325
known as his film was really
1152
00:38:16,392 --> 00:38:19,930
just a portrayal of life in the
1153
00:38:19,995 --> 00:38:22,475
camps, of the daily struggles
1154
00:38:22,531 --> 00:38:24,477
that people experienced and
1155
00:38:24,533 --> 00:38:27,980
it captured for all time
1156
00:38:28,037 --> 00:38:30,813
something that America didn't
1157
00:38:30,873 --> 00:38:32,409
want anyone to see.
1158
00:38:32,475 --> 00:38:35,251
Home movies are so important.
1159
00:38:35,311 --> 00:38:36,619
They show our history... of our
1160
00:38:36,679 --> 00:38:38,283
family, of our community,
1161
00:38:38,347 --> 00:38:40,054
of our country.
1162
00:38:40,115 --> 00:38:41,423
That's important,
1163
00:38:41,484 --> 00:38:42,929
that's very important.
1164
00:38:47,790 --> 00:38:50,031
The addition of the Zapruder
1165
00:38:50,092 --> 00:38:52,971
film, the home movie that
1166
00:38:53,028 --> 00:38:54,336
captured the assassination of
1167
00:38:54,396 --> 00:38:56,603
John Kennedy, demonstrates, I
1168
00:38:56,665 --> 00:38:58,542
think, at its farthest extent
1169
00:38:58,601 --> 00:39:01,445
that America's film heritage,
1170
00:39:01,537 --> 00:39:03,346
its movie heritage embraces
1171
00:39:03,372 --> 00:39:04,510
much, much more than just a
1172
00:39:04,573 --> 00:39:06,849
Hollywood feature film.
1173
00:39:06,909 --> 00:39:08,582
I think, "This film is real"
1174
00:39:08,644 --> 00:39:10,214
and it happened during
1175
00:39:10,279 --> 00:39:11,553
"my lifetime."
1176
00:39:11,614 --> 00:39:13,719
I saw it, it's ugly, it's
1177
00:39:13,782 --> 00:39:16,160
sudden, it's shocking and it's
1178
00:39:16,218 --> 00:39:18,095
inexplicable, and the only way
1179
00:39:18,153 --> 00:39:20,599
that you can recreate the
1180
00:39:20,656 --> 00:39:22,260
experience of it is showing it.
1181
00:39:36,138 --> 00:39:37,549
Hey you, come on
1182
00:39:37,606 --> 00:39:39,279
out of there.
1183
00:39:39,341 --> 00:39:43,517
Come on!
1184
00:39:43,579 --> 00:39:46,219
Well, I'm a... too many of you
1185
00:39:46,282 --> 00:39:47,322
dames gettin' away with it
1186
00:39:47,349 --> 00:39:48,191
these days.
1187
00:39:48,250 --> 00:39:49,058
The cops in the yards'll
1188
00:39:49,118 --> 00:39:49,789
take care of you!
1189
00:39:49,852 --> 00:39:51,058
Oh, wait a minute.
1190
00:39:51,120 --> 00:39:52,428
You wouldn't throw us off
1191
00:39:52,488 --> 00:39:53,523
the train, would you?
1192
00:39:53,589 --> 00:39:54,363
Yeah, and you're gonna get
1193
00:39:54,423 --> 00:39:55,424
30 days for it.
1194
00:39:55,491 --> 00:39:56,367
In jail?
1195
00:39:56,425 --> 00:39:57,529
Yes, in jail!
1196
00:39:58,994 --> 00:40:01,668
Now why don't we sit down
1197
00:40:01,730 --> 00:40:03,437
and talk this thing over?
1198
00:40:06,669 --> 00:40:09,309
Almost always, the things
1199
00:40:09,371 --> 00:40:11,112
that people wanted to cut out of
1200
00:40:11,173 --> 00:40:14,313
movies were ideas.
1201
00:40:14,376 --> 00:40:16,253
And so you have ideas being cut
1202
00:40:16,312 --> 00:40:17,916
out of the original Baby Face by
1203
00:40:17,980 --> 00:40:20,824
the New York censors.
1204
00:40:20,883 --> 00:40:22,157
That man
1205
00:40:22,217 --> 00:40:23,321
of mine...
1206
00:40:24,263 --> 00:40:25,263
Baby face was really
1207
00:40:25,287 --> 00:40:26,129
interesting 'cause I'd known the
1208
00:40:26,188 --> 00:40:27,223
film for a long time and
1209
00:40:27,289 --> 00:40:28,495
actually, I had a copy of it
1210
00:40:28,557 --> 00:40:30,059
on laserdisc... for those who
1211
00:40:30,125 --> 00:40:31,325
remember what laserdiscs were.
1212
00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:34,273
They asked me to go and check
1213
00:40:34,330 --> 00:40:36,003
the negative to see what
1214
00:40:36,065 --> 00:40:37,408
condition it was in, and that's
1215
00:40:37,466 --> 00:40:38,536
when I noticed that we actually
1216
00:40:38,601 --> 00:40:40,274
had two negatives.
1217
00:40:40,336 --> 00:40:41,872
So I get 'em out, and I start
1218
00:40:41,937 --> 00:40:43,712
looking at the two reel ones and
1219
00:40:43,772 --> 00:40:45,479
I notice that there's something
1220
00:40:45,541 --> 00:40:46,884
strange about them, so I
1221
00:40:46,942 --> 00:40:48,250
put the two reel ones down on a
1222
00:40:48,310 --> 00:40:50,051
table and set one of top of the
1223
00:40:50,112 --> 00:40:51,250
other one and that's when I
1224
00:40:51,313 --> 00:40:53,315
noticed that, you know, like the
1225
00:40:53,382 --> 00:40:54,861
one reel one was this big...
1226
00:40:54,917 --> 00:40:56,089
And the other reel one was like
1227
00:40:56,151 --> 00:40:57,789
this big, and I'm like, “There's
1228
00:40:57,853 --> 00:40:59,526
"something going on here."
1229
00:40:59,622 --> 00:41:01,033
Say, I like it here.
1230
00:41:01,056 --> 00:41:02,160
How about a job?
1231
00:41:02,224 --> 00:41:02,827
Oh, we don't...
1232
00:41:02,891 --> 00:41:04,051
Oh, now don't tell me in this
1233
00:41:04,059 --> 00:41:05,094
great big building there ain't
1234
00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:08,471
some place for me.
1235
00:41:08,530 --> 00:41:11,909
Have you had any experience?
1236
00:41:11,967 --> 00:41:12,967
Plenty.
1237
00:41:12,968 --> 00:41:13,605
And I started going
1238
00:41:13,669 --> 00:41:14,409
through the two negatives
1239
00:41:14,470 --> 00:41:15,470
and also listening to the
1240
00:41:15,471 --> 00:41:17,144
soundtracks and began finding
1241
00:41:17,206 --> 00:41:19,049
these differences, these
1242
00:41:19,108 --> 00:41:19,916
great differences between
1243
00:41:19,975 --> 00:41:21,249
the two films.
1244
00:41:21,310 --> 00:41:22,983
And then he has the Eureka
1245
00:41:23,045 --> 00:41:24,854
moment and he realizes that what
1246
00:41:24,913 --> 00:41:26,950
he has is the film before
1247
00:41:27,016 --> 00:41:29,257
it was edited!
1248
00:41:29,318 --> 00:41:30,388
That the five minutes with
1249
00:41:30,452 --> 00:41:31,692
Barbara Stanwyck going to the
1250
00:41:31,754 --> 00:41:33,631
city to use what she has,
1251
00:41:33,689 --> 00:41:35,691
you know, to get what she
1252
00:41:35,758 --> 00:41:37,999
wants is in there, and they
1253
00:41:38,060 --> 00:41:41,735
thought it was lost.
1254
00:41:41,797 --> 00:41:42,798
The boss won't be back
1255
00:41:42,865 --> 00:41:44,538
for an hour.
1256
00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:46,011
Well then, why don't we go in
1257
00:41:46,068 --> 00:41:50,039
and talk this over?
1258
00:42:11,971 --> 00:42:12,971
The original
1259
00:42:12,995 --> 00:42:13,837
negative was cut to the
1260
00:42:13,896 --> 00:42:15,102
censorship version.
1261
00:42:15,164 --> 00:42:16,905
The duplicate negative was the
1262
00:42:16,965 --> 00:42:18,876
original pre-censored version
1263
00:42:18,934 --> 00:42:20,641
that had all the naughty bits
1264
00:42:20,703 --> 00:42:22,842
still in it, and that was
1265
00:42:22,905 --> 00:42:24,026
just... I mean that was just
1266
00:42:24,073 --> 00:42:25,347
the find of a lifetime.
1267
00:42:25,407 --> 00:42:27,478
Look, here.
1268
00:42:27,543 --> 00:42:29,523
Nietzsche says "All life",
1269
00:42:29,578 --> 00:42:31,888
no matter how we idealize it,
1270
00:42:31,947 --> 00:42:33,426
is nothing more nor less
1271
00:42:33,482 --> 00:42:36,088
"than exploitation."
1272
00:42:36,151 --> 00:42:38,153
That's what I'm telling you.
1273
00:42:38,220 --> 00:42:40,131
Exploit yourself!
1274
00:42:40,189 --> 00:42:41,827
Go to some big city where you
1275
00:42:41,890 --> 00:42:43,597
will find opportunities.
1276
00:42:43,659 --> 00:42:44,933
Use men!
1277
00:42:44,993 --> 00:42:47,735
Be strong! Defiant!
1278
00:42:47,796 --> 00:42:50,743
Use men to get the things
1279
00:42:50,799 --> 00:42:52,437
you want!
1280
00:42:52,501 --> 00:42:54,481
The version that was
1281
00:42:54,536 --> 00:42:56,379
discovered puts some of the
1282
00:42:56,438 --> 00:42:58,418
sex back, but it puts a lot
1283
00:42:58,474 --> 00:43:00,351
of the philosophy back.
1284
00:43:00,442 --> 00:43:01,944
Yeah.
1285
00:43:01,977 --> 00:43:03,081
The New York censors
1286
00:43:03,145 --> 00:43:04,522
altered the sharpness of the
1287
00:43:04,580 --> 00:43:06,184
philosophical thrust for the
1288
00:43:06,248 --> 00:43:07,454
release version because they
1289
00:43:07,516 --> 00:43:08,516
were afraid that it would
1290
00:43:08,517 --> 00:43:09,723
offend people.
1291
00:43:09,785 --> 00:43:11,423
What chance has a woman got?
1292
00:43:11,487 --> 00:43:13,967
More chance than men.
1293
00:43:14,022 --> 00:43:16,059
A woman... young, beautiful like
1294
00:43:16,125 --> 00:43:17,035
you are... could get anything
1295
00:43:17,092 --> 00:43:18,537
she wants in the world...
1296
00:43:18,594 --> 00:43:19,594
But there is a right
1297
00:43:19,595 --> 00:43:20,835
and a wrong way.
1298
00:43:20,896 --> 00:43:22,500
Remember the price of the wrong
1299
00:43:22,564 --> 00:43:23,804
way is too great.
1300
00:43:23,866 --> 00:43:26,142
Go to some big city where you
1301
00:43:26,201 --> 00:43:27,737
will find opportunities.
1302
00:43:27,803 --> 00:43:29,441
Don't let people mislead you.
1303
00:43:29,505 --> 00:43:30,677
You must be a master,
1304
00:43:30,739 --> 00:43:32,377
not a slave.
1305
00:43:32,441 --> 00:43:35,752
Be clean, be strong, defiant.
1306
00:43:35,811 --> 00:43:42,057
And you will be a success.
1307
00:43:42,117 --> 00:43:43,152
You always hear
1308
00:43:43,218 --> 00:43:44,788
about these things but they
1309
00:43:44,853 --> 00:43:46,332
never survive.
1310
00:43:46,388 --> 00:43:47,526
Yeah.
1311
00:43:47,589 --> 00:43:48,589
And to this day, I don't
1312
00:43:48,590 --> 00:43:49,432
think we've found out exactly
1313
00:43:49,491 --> 00:43:53,029
why this negative survives and
1314
00:43:53,095 --> 00:43:54,597
why on this particular film,
1315
00:43:54,663 --> 00:43:56,040
they actually made this
1316
00:43:56,098 --> 00:43:57,668
duplicate negative before
1317
00:43:57,733 --> 00:44:00,907
they cut the film.
1318
00:44:01,003 --> 00:44:01,845
You can make a movie,
1319
00:44:01,870 --> 00:44:03,474
by the way, that endorses
1320
00:44:03,539 --> 00:44:04,540
conventional morality,
1321
00:44:04,606 --> 00:44:06,051
that's not the problem.
1322
00:44:06,108 --> 00:44:07,086
The problem is that it was
1323
00:44:07,142 --> 00:44:08,746
not sincere, it's not real.
1324
00:44:08,811 --> 00:44:10,518
And in the case of Baby Face,
1325
00:44:10,579 --> 00:44:11,660
when it really said what it
1326
00:44:11,713 --> 00:44:12,714
wanted to say, of course,
1327
00:44:12,781 --> 00:44:14,260
it's better.
1328
00:44:15,717 --> 00:44:17,458
That is why censorship
1329
00:44:17,519 --> 00:44:19,192
is so horrible.
1330
00:44:19,254 --> 00:44:22,292
Because censorship blocks the
1331
00:44:22,357 --> 00:44:24,394
free expression of an era
1332
00:44:24,459 --> 00:44:26,132
talking to another era.
1333
00:44:27,196 --> 00:44:29,005
For the most part, most films
1334
00:44:29,064 --> 00:44:30,737
that are made are entertainment
1335
00:44:30,799 --> 00:44:32,335
and that's all they're meant to
1336
00:44:32,401 --> 00:44:35,007
be and I think there's a, an
1337
00:44:35,070 --> 00:44:36,777
unfortunate sense people have
1338
00:44:36,839 --> 00:44:39,513
that all films are just films.
1339
00:44:39,575 --> 00:44:41,555
Well, I think the shining
1340
00:44:41,610 --> 00:44:44,591
example of something that is
1341
00:44:44,646 --> 00:44:46,353
a folk fantasy and commercial
1342
00:44:46,415 --> 00:44:48,622
and art is probably Godfather.
1343
00:44:53,455 --> 00:44:54,455
I used to live in.
1344
00:44:54,456 --> 00:44:55,867
Bayside, Queens, and there's a
1345
00:44:55,924 --> 00:44:57,232
local theater there, R.K.O.
1346
00:44:57,292 --> 00:44:59,465
Keith's, which was an old, kind
1347
00:44:59,561 --> 00:45:01,563
of ornate theater that had the
1348
00:45:01,597 --> 00:45:03,076
skylights and the stars and had
1349
00:45:03,131 --> 00:45:04,576
the balcony and that's where I
1350
00:45:04,633 --> 00:45:05,873
had first seen The Godfather
1351
00:45:05,934 --> 00:45:06,934
played in that theater.
1352
00:45:06,969 --> 00:45:08,539
And it played great, it sounded
1353
00:45:08,604 --> 00:45:09,275
great, it looked great.
1354
00:45:09,338 --> 00:45:12,182
Eh... now you come to me and
1355
00:45:12,241 --> 00:45:14,278
you say, "Don Corleone",
1356
00:45:14,343 --> 00:45:17,347
give me justice."
1357
00:45:17,412 --> 00:45:20,484
But you don't ask with respect.
1358
00:45:20,549 --> 00:45:23,189
You don't offer friendship.
1359
00:45:23,252 --> 00:45:23,992
You don't even think
1360
00:45:24,052 --> 00:45:25,190
to call me Godfather.
1361
00:45:25,254 --> 00:45:26,254
Somehow, with the
1362
00:45:26,255 --> 00:45:27,563
performances of all the actors,
1363
00:45:27,623 --> 00:45:29,398
especially Brando, hit that
1364
00:45:29,458 --> 00:45:30,835
neural cord that we all have and
1365
00:45:30,893 --> 00:45:31,963
there was a visceral reaction
1366
00:45:32,027 --> 00:45:33,404
from almost anyone who saw it.
1367
00:45:33,462 --> 00:45:34,839
The cinematographer on The.
1368
00:45:34,897 --> 00:45:36,097
Godfather, Gordon Willis... one
1369
00:45:36,098 --> 00:45:37,941
of the great cinematographers of
1370
00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:41,072
our time... did a very, very
1371
00:45:41,136 --> 00:45:42,479
daring thing when he
1372
00:45:42,537 --> 00:45:43,658
photographed those pictures.
1373
00:45:43,705 --> 00:45:46,686
Gordon decided that he didn't
1374
00:45:46,742 --> 00:45:48,483
want people messing about with
1375
00:45:48,543 --> 00:45:50,352
his image and he shot it in a
1376
00:45:50,412 --> 00:45:51,982
way that you couldn't print it
1377
00:45:52,047 --> 00:45:54,755
in any other way than the way
1378
00:45:54,816 --> 00:45:55,988
that he shot it.
1379
00:45:56,051 --> 00:45:57,462
You can get the color wrong,
1380
00:45:57,519 --> 00:45:58,554
you can make skin green
1381
00:45:58,620 --> 00:46:00,224
if you want to, but it's
1382
00:46:00,322 --> 00:46:03,326
gotta be printed dark.
1383
00:46:06,228 --> 00:46:08,208
I'm glad you came, Mike.
1384
00:46:08,263 --> 00:46:09,264
I hope we can straighten
1385
00:46:09,331 --> 00:46:09,866
everything out.
1386
00:46:09,932 --> 00:46:11,036
The original
1387
00:46:11,099 --> 00:46:13,340
negatives of Godfather I and.
1388
00:46:13,402 --> 00:46:14,904
Godfather II were not in good
1389
00:46:14,970 --> 00:46:16,745
condition, were not capable of
1390
00:46:16,805 --> 00:46:18,478
making new copies, and they
1391
00:46:18,540 --> 00:46:20,520
really needed a restoration.
1392
00:46:20,575 --> 00:46:21,610
The negative of that film
1393
00:46:21,677 --> 00:46:22,519
was in tatters.
1394
00:46:22,577 --> 00:46:23,817
And this is The Godfather, this
1395
00:46:23,879 --> 00:46:25,187
is... this is The Godfather.
1396
00:46:26,081 --> 00:46:27,185
This is a film, you know, I
1397
00:46:27,249 --> 00:46:28,023
think people consider... if not
1398
00:46:28,083 --> 00:46:29,824
maybe the greatest film of
1399
00:46:29,885 --> 00:46:31,364
all time, one of them.
1400
00:46:31,420 --> 00:46:32,524
A lot of prints were made
1401
00:46:32,587 --> 00:46:33,827
from that original negative,
1402
00:46:33,889 --> 00:46:35,197
more so than probably should
1403
00:46:35,257 --> 00:46:35,860
have been made.
1404
00:46:35,924 --> 00:46:36,834
The negative sustained some
1405
00:46:36,892 --> 00:46:38,303
injury, as any negative that
1406
00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:39,737
gets overused will.
1407
00:46:39,795 --> 00:46:41,138
The more popular the film,
1408
00:46:41,196 --> 00:46:42,300
the worse condition the original
1409
00:46:42,364 --> 00:46:44,275
negative is going to be in.
1410
00:46:44,333 --> 00:46:45,744
It's been loved to death.
1411
00:46:45,801 --> 00:46:47,678
It's not until the past
1412
00:46:47,736 --> 00:46:50,216
15, maybe as far as 20 years,
1413
00:46:50,272 --> 00:46:51,649
that the studios have realized
1414
00:46:51,707 --> 00:46:52,947
what they have stacked away
1415
00:46:53,008 --> 00:46:54,180
in their vaults.
1416
00:46:54,242 --> 00:46:55,380
They really didn't realize that
1417
00:46:55,444 --> 00:46:56,752
these golden treasures that they
1418
00:46:56,812 --> 00:46:58,257
had in their vaults and hence,
1419
00:46:58,313 --> 00:46:59,553
they weren't looked after
1420
00:46:59,648 --> 00:47:00,854
very well.
1421
00:47:04,386 --> 00:47:05,592
The beauty of this job is that
1422
00:47:05,654 --> 00:47:06,724
once you start working on these
1423
00:47:06,788 --> 00:47:07,994
films and you start getting to
1424
00:47:08,056 --> 00:47:09,626
explore them scene by scene,
1425
00:47:09,691 --> 00:47:11,295
shot by shot, frame by frame,
1426
00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:13,601
you get to see little things,
1427
00:47:13,662 --> 00:47:15,699
little nuances, little pieces
1428
00:47:15,764 --> 00:47:17,072
of the puzzle... and your
1429
00:47:17,132 --> 00:47:18,509
appreciation for the film
1430
00:47:18,567 --> 00:47:20,410
just explodes.
1431
00:47:20,469 --> 00:47:21,072
We're not
1432
00:47:21,136 --> 00:47:22,809
creating anything.
1433
00:47:22,871 --> 00:47:24,509
What we're doing is to try
1434
00:47:24,573 --> 00:47:25,881
and take what people made
1435
00:47:25,941 --> 00:47:28,820
and just preserve it and make
1436
00:47:28,877 --> 00:47:30,049
it look like what it was
1437
00:47:30,112 --> 00:47:31,216
supposed to look like.
1438
00:47:31,279 --> 00:47:33,623
The trick is not to change it.
1439
00:47:38,787 --> 00:47:40,289
Don Corleone.
1440
00:47:40,355 --> 00:47:41,026
The thing about
1441
00:47:41,089 --> 00:47:43,592
movies, it's about storytelling.
1442
00:47:43,658 --> 00:47:46,264
And the story that it tells
1443
00:47:46,328 --> 00:47:47,602
still today stands up
1444
00:47:47,662 --> 00:47:50,973
very strong.
1445
00:47:52,234 --> 00:47:53,838
At first, you think,
1446
00:47:53,902 --> 00:47:55,006
"Oh, God, this is gonna be the"
1447
00:47:55,070 --> 00:47:56,242
same 20 movies.
1448
00:47:56,304 --> 00:47:57,304
We're gonna have on here
1449
00:47:57,339 --> 00:47:58,079
Casablanca, we're gonna
1450
00:47:58,140 --> 00:47:59,915
"have the obvious ones, right'?"
1451
00:48:00,008 --> 00:48:01,578
You do have them.
1452
00:48:01,610 --> 00:48:02,384
But then you have some
1453
00:48:02,444 --> 00:48:03,444
that are surprising.
1454
00:48:03,445 --> 00:48:05,982
I said...
1455
00:48:06,048 --> 00:48:08,528
"Relax and don't say anything,"
1456
00:48:08,583 --> 00:48:10,256
I just want to talk about a film
1457
00:48:10,318 --> 00:48:12,355
which I'm sure has never been
1458
00:48:12,421 --> 00:48:13,461
"brought up at the board."
1459
00:48:14,956 --> 00:48:17,061
How do you do-ah?
1460
00:48:17,125 --> 00:48:19,435
See you've met my
1461
00:48:19,494 --> 00:48:22,407
faithful handyman...
1462
00:48:22,464 --> 00:48:23,272
People are gonna say,
1463
00:48:23,331 --> 00:48:24,742
"You must be, you must be crazy."
1464
00:48:24,800 --> 00:48:26,575
The film's lacking in taste,
1465
00:48:26,635 --> 00:48:27,943
"it's this, it's that."
1466
00:48:28,003 --> 00:48:29,209
But at the same time, here's a
1467
00:48:29,271 --> 00:48:30,471
film that's played at midnight
1468
00:48:30,472 --> 00:48:32,577
in theaters across the country
1469
00:48:32,641 --> 00:48:33,984
for 30 years.
1470
00:48:34,042 --> 00:48:35,385
There's a reason why The Rocky.
1471
00:48:35,444 --> 00:48:37,890
Horror Show is a popular film.
1472
00:48:37,946 --> 00:48:39,289
Well, if it's that popular,
1473
00:48:39,347 --> 00:48:41,691
it must be speaking somehow
1474
00:48:41,750 --> 00:48:42,353
to this country.
1475
00:48:42,417 --> 00:48:44,488
There must be something woven
1476
00:48:44,553 --> 00:48:46,999
into what makes that film work.
1477
00:48:47,055 --> 00:48:50,161
One hell of a lover
1478
00:48:50,225 --> 00:48:54,731
I'm just a sweet transvestite
1479
00:48:54,796 --> 00:48:55,796
from...
1480
00:48:55,797 --> 00:48:56,605
And I have to
1481
00:48:56,665 --> 00:48:57,700
sympathize with Dr. Billington
1482
00:48:57,766 --> 00:49:00,144
because he has to go to the
1483
00:49:00,235 --> 00:49:02,875
halls of Congress and tell
1484
00:49:02,904 --> 00:49:05,407
everyone one of the 25 films
1485
00:49:05,474 --> 00:49:06,851
is The Rocky Horror Show.
1486
00:49:06,908 --> 00:49:07,978
"It's this great film!"
1487
00:49:08,043 --> 00:49:09,181
It's about transvestites
1488
00:49:09,244 --> 00:49:10,814
and men from Mars and
1489
00:49:10,879 --> 00:49:12,256
"dancing hunchbacks."
1490
00:49:12,314 --> 00:49:14,658
I don't know how he does it.
1491
00:49:14,716 --> 00:49:16,855
Well, it, it, it...
1492
00:49:16,918 --> 00:49:18,192
Certainly widened my horizon.
1493
00:49:18,253 --> 00:49:19,163
With your hands
1494
00:49:19,221 --> 00:49:21,201
on your hips.
1495
00:49:21,256 --> 00:49:22,030
Bring your knees
1496
00:49:22,090 --> 00:49:23,569
in tight...
1497
00:49:23,625 --> 00:49:24,626
Honestly,
1498
00:49:24,693 --> 00:49:25,693
when you're dealing with
1499
00:49:25,727 --> 00:49:27,035
a wide variety, you have to
1500
00:49:27,095 --> 00:49:29,905
be open to a wide variety.
1501
00:49:29,965 --> 00:49:30,965
Rocky Horror Picture.
1502
00:49:30,966 --> 00:49:32,468
Show is the, the most
1503
00:49:32,534 --> 00:49:33,911
successful midnight movie ever,
1504
00:49:33,969 --> 00:49:34,947
way more than Pink Flamingos
1505
00:49:35,003 --> 00:49:35,811
ever was.
1506
00:49:35,871 --> 00:49:38,374
Let's do the time warp
1507
00:49:38,440 --> 00:49:40,477
again.
1508
00:49:44,346 --> 00:49:45,346
I'll tell you a story
1509
00:49:45,347 --> 00:49:46,223
about it.
1510
00:49:46,281 --> 00:49:48,761
A woman came up to me and she
1511
00:49:48,817 --> 00:49:50,017
said, "I saw you sitting here",
1512
00:49:50,018 --> 00:49:51,861
and I just had to tell you that.
1513
00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:55,595
"Spinal Tap... saved my life."
1514
00:49:55,657 --> 00:49:57,898
Coming live, direct from
1515
00:49:57,959 --> 00:49:59,996
hell, Spinal Tap!
1516
00:50:00,739 --> 00:50:01,739
You're hot,
1517
00:50:01,763 --> 00:50:03,071
you take all we've got.
1518
00:50:03,131 --> 00:50:04,166
Not a dry seat
1519
00:50:04,232 --> 00:50:06,109
in the house...
1520
00:50:06,168 --> 00:50:07,203
No, I'm not gonna tell
1521
00:50:07,269 --> 00:50:08,145
that story.
1522
00:50:08,203 --> 00:50:09,363
No, it was The Princess Bride
1523
00:50:09,371 --> 00:50:10,111
that saved her life,
1524
00:50:10,172 --> 00:50:11,378
so Spinal Tap didn't save
1525
00:50:11,439 --> 00:50:12,782
her life at all.
1526
00:50:12,841 --> 00:50:14,013
It was Princess Bride that
1527
00:50:14,075 --> 00:50:15,383
saved her life... and I don't
1528
00:50:15,443 --> 00:50:16,353
think that's on the registry,
1529
00:50:16,411 --> 00:50:17,151
but it should be.
1530
00:50:17,212 --> 00:50:18,212
On our way, but tonight
1531
00:50:18,213 --> 00:50:18,987
we're gonna rock ya.
1532
00:50:19,047 --> 00:50:20,151
Tonight I'm gonna rock ya.
1533
00:50:20,215 --> 00:50:21,023
Yeah, tonight we're gonna
1534
00:50:21,082 --> 00:50:21,787
rock ya...
1535
00:50:21,850 --> 00:50:22,971
When we first showed it in a
1536
00:50:23,018 --> 00:50:24,656
preview in Dallas, the people
1537
00:50:24,719 --> 00:50:25,879
came up to me and said, "Why"
1538
00:50:25,887 --> 00:50:27,127
would you make a movie about a
1539
00:50:27,189 --> 00:50:29,430
band that nobody's heard of and
1540
00:50:29,491 --> 00:50:31,334
a band that's so bad?
1541
00:50:31,393 --> 00:50:32,497
Why don't you make a movie about
1542
00:50:32,561 --> 00:50:35,804
"the Rolling Stones?"
1543
00:50:38,166 --> 00:50:39,446
So it took a while for people to
1544
00:50:39,501 --> 00:50:40,661
catch up to it, but once they
1545
00:50:40,702 --> 00:50:43,512
did, it became this kind of
1546
00:50:43,572 --> 00:50:47,247
iconic representation of the
1547
00:50:47,309 --> 00:50:48,515
world of rock and roll.
1548
00:50:48,577 --> 00:50:50,716
What we do is if we need that
1549
00:50:50,779 --> 00:50:52,656
extra push over the cliff,
1550
00:50:52,714 --> 00:50:53,624
you know what we do?
1551
00:50:53,682 --> 00:50:54,683
Put it up to 11.
1552
00:50:54,749 --> 00:50:55,887
11, exactly.
1553
00:50:55,951 --> 00:50:56,759
I love This Is.
1554
00:50:56,818 --> 00:50:57,558
Spinal Tap.
1555
00:50:57,619 --> 00:51:00,566
It takes the things that are
1556
00:51:00,655 --> 00:51:02,692
naturally humorous about that
1557
00:51:02,724 --> 00:51:04,362
lifestyle and exaggerates them.
1558
00:51:04,426 --> 00:51:05,302
One louder.
1559
00:51:05,360 --> 00:51:06,202
Why don't you just make
1560
00:51:06,261 --> 00:51:07,467
10 louder, and make 10 be
1561
00:51:07,529 --> 00:51:09,338
the top... number and make that
1562
00:51:09,397 --> 00:51:13,402
a little louder?
1563
00:51:13,468 --> 00:51:14,742
These go to 11.
1564
00:51:14,803 --> 00:51:16,544
Oh, Ma.
1565
00:51:22,955 --> 00:51:23,955
Oh...
1566
00:51:23,979 --> 00:51:25,083
I never would have heard of
1567
00:51:25,146 --> 00:51:28,150
this... a very early sound film
1568
00:51:28,216 --> 00:51:30,594
demonstration which is a
1569
00:51:30,652 --> 00:51:32,325
quacking duck.
1570
00:51:34,422 --> 00:51:35,696
Oh, Ma!
1571
00:51:35,757 --> 00:51:36,827
One can look at Gus.
1572
00:51:36,891 --> 00:51:37,995
Visser and you can think, "Hmm",
1573
00:51:38,059 --> 00:51:39,180
what is the aesthetic value?
1574
00:51:39,227 --> 00:51:40,507
"That might be hard to justify."
1575
00:51:40,562 --> 00:51:42,235
It's there because it
1576
00:51:42,297 --> 00:51:44,106
demonstrates an important
1577
00:51:44,165 --> 00:51:45,166
breakthrough in the
1578
00:51:45,233 --> 00:51:46,735
technology of the history
1579
00:51:46,801 --> 00:51:48,144
of motion pictures.
1580
00:51:48,203 --> 00:51:49,307
It was brought to our
1581
00:51:49,371 --> 00:51:50,611
attention and we watched it and
1582
00:51:50,672 --> 00:51:51,912
said, "We have to have this",
1583
00:51:51,973 --> 00:51:53,316
it's a sound film demonstration.
1584
00:51:53,375 --> 00:51:54,683
"And it's hysterical."
1585
00:51:54,743 --> 00:51:56,848
It's a film you can't really
1586
00:51:56,911 --> 00:51:57,911
describe...
1587
00:51:57,946 --> 00:52:00,187
How he makes the duck quack.
1588
00:52:02,751 --> 00:52:04,890
He's kissing me.
1589
00:52:06,288 --> 00:52:07,392
I will say that when I was
1590
00:52:07,455 --> 00:52:08,490
looking at the movies that are
1591
00:52:08,556 --> 00:52:09,534
on the National Film Registry,
1592
00:52:09,591 --> 00:52:11,832
I was pleasantly surprised that.
1593
00:52:11,893 --> 00:52:13,236
Blazing Saddles was on there.
1594
00:52:15,297 --> 00:52:16,298
Blazing Saddles was basically
1595
00:52:16,364 --> 00:52:18,071
nominated by a reporter who has
1596
00:52:18,133 --> 00:52:19,612
done a lot of articles on the.
1597
00:52:19,668 --> 00:52:22,774
Registry and preservation.
1598
00:52:22,837 --> 00:52:24,544
Blazing Saddles has a
1599
00:52:24,606 --> 00:52:25,949
special place in my heart.
1600
00:52:26,007 --> 00:52:27,850
I love the myth of the
1601
00:52:27,909 --> 00:52:28,717
American West.
1602
00:52:28,777 --> 00:52:29,937
I like cowboys, I like cowboy
1603
00:52:29,978 --> 00:52:31,787
stories, I like cowboy poetry.
1604
00:52:31,846 --> 00:52:33,621
I like Roy Rogers, I like dances
1605
00:52:33,682 --> 00:52:34,285
with wolves.
1606
00:52:34,349 --> 00:52:36,295
Two...
1607
00:52:36,351 --> 00:52:37,351
Three!
1608
00:52:41,667 --> 00:52:42,667
That myth of
1609
00:52:42,691 --> 00:52:43,761
the American West is the
1610
00:52:43,825 --> 00:52:44,929
myth of America.
1611
00:52:44,993 --> 00:52:46,802
But Blazing Saddles takes that
1612
00:52:46,861 --> 00:52:48,363
myth and twists it and turns it
1613
00:52:48,430 --> 00:52:49,238
on its head.
1614
00:52:49,297 --> 00:52:50,674
It also takes the moviemaking
1615
00:52:50,732 --> 00:52:52,268
myth and twists it and turns it
1616
00:52:52,334 --> 00:52:53,642
on its head.
1617
00:52:53,702 --> 00:52:54,702
Raisinets!
1618
00:52:56,237 --> 00:52:58,080
And finally, the Board said,
1619
00:52:58,139 --> 00:52:59,812
"Well, he may have a point."
1620
00:52:59,908 --> 00:53:02,047
And the rest is history.
1621
00:53:06,181 --> 00:53:07,990
To see Blazing Saddles on
1622
00:53:08,049 --> 00:53:09,892
there was a little bit of
1623
00:53:09,951 --> 00:53:11,897
vindication for me, that I
1624
00:53:11,953 --> 00:53:12,795
didn't waste my time in
1625
00:53:12,854 --> 00:53:13,958
college watching that movie
1626
00:53:14,022 --> 00:53:15,092
so many times.
1627
00:53:16,624 --> 00:53:18,103
I wasn't wasting my time.
1628
00:53:18,159 --> 00:53:20,730
I was enriching myself with film
1629
00:53:20,795 --> 00:53:24,971
history.
1630
00:53:27,035 --> 00:53:28,639
Why don't you let him go by?
1631
00:53:28,703 --> 00:53:29,579
Well, he wants the
1632
00:53:29,637 --> 00:53:30,172
whole road.
1633
00:53:30,238 --> 00:53:31,410
Now, look, all I'm trying to say
1634
00:53:31,473 --> 00:53:32,611
is there are lots of things that
1635
00:53:32,674 --> 00:53:34,176
a man can do and in society's
1636
00:53:34,242 --> 00:53:35,880
eyes it's all hunky dory.
1637
00:53:35,944 --> 00:53:37,548
A woman does the same thing...
1638
00:53:37,612 --> 00:53:39,023
the same, mind you... and she's
1639
00:53:39,080 --> 00:53:39,956
an outcast.
1640
00:53:40,014 --> 00:53:41,014
Finished?
1641
00:53:41,015 --> 00:53:42,187
No.
1642
00:53:42,250 --> 00:53:44,230
One of the most important
1643
00:53:44,285 --> 00:53:46,822
things that I can do with my
1644
00:53:46,888 --> 00:53:49,425
role on the Board is to keep the
1645
00:53:49,491 --> 00:53:51,767
contribution of women to film
1646
00:53:51,826 --> 00:53:54,102
history in the center of our
1647
00:53:54,162 --> 00:53:55,266
discussions.
1648
00:53:55,330 --> 00:53:56,172
We had to write reports
1649
00:53:56,231 --> 00:53:58,233
on what we wanted to be and
1650
00:53:58,299 --> 00:53:59,539
the boy next to me wrote a
1651
00:53:59,634 --> 00:54:00,908
composition on how he was gonna
1652
00:54:00,935 --> 00:54:02,676
be a movie director.
1653
00:54:02,737 --> 00:54:04,683
And I got so angry at him,
1654
00:54:04,739 --> 00:54:06,946
because movies seemed too good
1655
00:54:07,008 --> 00:54:08,851
for us, like they came from
1656
00:54:08,910 --> 00:54:10,548
magical people in Hollywood and
1657
00:54:10,612 --> 00:54:11,989
here he was, the guy that
1658
00:54:12,046 --> 00:54:13,047
cheated off of me during
1659
00:54:13,114 --> 00:54:14,821
the tests and how could he
1660
00:54:14,883 --> 00:54:16,760
be a movie director?
1661
00:54:16,818 --> 00:54:17,853
And then I thought,
1662
00:54:17,919 --> 00:54:19,421
"Well, I must be this angry"
1663
00:54:19,487 --> 00:54:20,488
because that's what really,
1664
00:54:20,555 --> 00:54:21,829
"what I want to do."
1665
00:54:21,890 --> 00:54:23,801
Awesome!
1666
00:54:23,858 --> 00:54:25,428
Totally awesome!
1667
00:54:25,493 --> 00:54:26,301
Fast Times at Ridgemont.
1668
00:54:26,361 --> 00:54:27,271
High is one of my
1669
00:54:27,328 --> 00:54:27,965
favorite films.
1670
00:54:28,029 --> 00:54:29,269
Not the favorite, you know, but
1671
00:54:29,297 --> 00:54:30,776
when Sean Penn ordered the pizza
1672
00:54:30,832 --> 00:54:31,832
into the classroom...
1673
00:54:31,866 --> 00:54:32,810
Who ordered the double cheese
1674
00:54:32,867 --> 00:54:33,777
and sausage?
1675
00:54:33,835 --> 00:54:36,145
Right here, dude.
1676
00:54:36,204 --> 00:54:37,080
I thought, "This is the"
1677
00:54:37,138 --> 00:54:38,617
best moment in American film
1678
00:54:38,673 --> 00:54:41,210
"history," actually.
1679
00:54:44,746 --> 00:54:45,952
Very few people know
1680
00:54:46,014 --> 00:54:48,426
about the extent of the
1681
00:54:48,483 --> 00:54:49,518
involvement of women
1682
00:54:49,584 --> 00:54:50,756
in early film culture
1683
00:54:50,819 --> 00:54:51,854
in the United States.
1684
00:54:51,920 --> 00:54:53,900
Half of all films in the silent
1685
00:54:53,955 --> 00:54:55,229
era were written by women.
1686
00:54:55,290 --> 00:54:56,860
All of the top screenwriters
1687
00:54:56,925 --> 00:54:57,801
were women.
1688
00:54:57,859 --> 00:54:59,065
The highest paid screenwriters
1689
00:54:59,127 --> 00:55:00,231
were all women.
1690
00:55:00,328 --> 00:55:02,103
And many of the top directors
1691
00:55:02,130 --> 00:55:03,370
were women.
1692
00:55:03,431 --> 00:55:05,104
It was a growing industry.
1693
00:55:05,166 --> 00:55:06,907
It was the popular mass medium.
1694
00:55:06,968 --> 00:55:07,946
People were going to the film
1695
00:55:08,002 --> 00:55:09,345
every single day.
1696
00:55:09,404 --> 00:55:10,439
So, there were incredible
1697
00:55:10,505 --> 00:55:11,505
opportunities for women
1698
00:55:11,539 --> 00:55:12,539
in Hollywood.
1699
00:55:16,511 --> 00:55:18,320
Lois Weber is an extraordinary
1700
00:55:18,379 --> 00:55:20,450
figure in American film history
1701
00:55:20,515 --> 00:55:22,688
and she's somebody who very few
1702
00:55:22,750 --> 00:55:23,854
people know about.
1703
00:55:23,918 --> 00:55:25,397
Everybody's heard of D.W.
1704
00:55:25,453 --> 00:55:26,693
Griffith, everybody's heard of
1705
00:55:26,754 --> 00:55:28,495
Cecil B. Demille and in the
1706
00:55:28,556 --> 00:55:32,265
1910s, Weber was often mentioned
1707
00:55:32,327 --> 00:55:33,806
alongside Griffith and Demille
1708
00:55:33,862 --> 00:55:35,432
as the three great minds of
1709
00:55:35,497 --> 00:55:36,567
filmmaking.
1710
00:55:36,631 --> 00:55:38,110
She was Universal's top
1711
00:55:38,166 --> 00:55:39,338
director.
1712
00:55:39,400 --> 00:55:40,879
And she was a top director who
1713
00:55:40,935 --> 00:55:44,109
made socially engaged films
1714
00:55:44,172 --> 00:55:45,583
about the key problems
1715
00:55:45,640 --> 00:55:46,640
of the day.
1716
00:55:49,177 --> 00:55:50,815
The film that's in the film
1717
00:55:50,879 --> 00:55:52,381
registry, Where Are My.
1718
00:55:52,447 --> 00:55:54,017
Children?, is a film about
1719
00:55:54,082 --> 00:55:55,254
birth control and abortion
1720
00:55:55,316 --> 00:55:56,386
and it was Universal's
1721
00:55:56,451 --> 00:55:58,829
top moneymaker of 1916.
1722
00:55:58,887 --> 00:55:59,627
It traveled all around
1723
00:55:59,721 --> 00:56:01,530
the world.
1724
00:56:01,556 --> 00:56:02,694
Not only did she make these
1725
00:56:02,757 --> 00:56:06,330
films about really difficult...
1726
00:56:06,394 --> 00:56:07,134
issues that we're still
1727
00:56:07,195 --> 00:56:08,833
grappling with as a culture,
1728
00:56:08,897 --> 00:56:10,740
she made popular, box office
1729
00:56:10,798 --> 00:56:12,436
successes.
1730
00:56:16,204 --> 00:56:18,411
When you start looking at the
1731
00:56:18,473 --> 00:56:20,316
studio era, the '30s and '40s
1732
00:56:20,375 --> 00:56:21,945
and beyond, then you really do
1733
00:56:22,010 --> 00:56:23,284
see gender bias.
1734
00:56:23,344 --> 00:56:24,914
Then it really becomes nearly
1735
00:56:24,979 --> 00:56:27,391
impossible for women to direct.
1736
00:56:27,448 --> 00:56:29,052
When I was in
1737
00:56:29,117 --> 00:56:30,926
graduate school at U.S.C.
1738
00:56:30,985 --> 00:56:32,896
Cinema, a group of us organized
1739
00:56:32,954 --> 00:56:35,798
a small screening series called.
1740
00:56:35,857 --> 00:56:37,666
Films by Great Women Directors
1741
00:56:37,725 --> 00:56:39,534
and somebody wrote across the
1742
00:56:39,594 --> 00:56:41,039
sign "There are none."
1743
00:56:41,095 --> 00:56:42,199
Often when you're working
1744
00:56:42,263 --> 00:56:43,936
with the studios, they'll give
1745
00:56:43,998 --> 00:56:45,204
you a list of pre-approved
1746
00:56:45,266 --> 00:56:46,244
directors and you'll find that
1747
00:56:46,301 --> 00:56:48,508
there are very few, if, in many
1748
00:56:48,570 --> 00:56:50,072
cases, no women directors
1749
00:56:50,138 --> 00:56:51,138
on the list.
1750
00:56:55,076 --> 00:56:56,646
Dorothy Arzner is
1751
00:56:56,711 --> 00:56:59,089
the only woman to work as a
1752
00:56:59,147 --> 00:57:00,854
director in the studio era
1753
00:57:00,949 --> 00:57:01,984
in the '30s and '40s.
1754
00:57:02,016 --> 00:57:03,120
That's an extraordinary
1755
00:57:03,184 --> 00:57:04,527
accomplishment.
1756
00:57:04,586 --> 00:57:05,586
She would also joke that
1757
00:57:05,620 --> 00:57:06,963
she was one of the guys.
1758
00:57:07,021 --> 00:57:08,500
She used to dress like a man,
1759
00:57:08,556 --> 00:57:09,796
she used to hang about with the
1760
00:57:09,857 --> 00:57:11,234
guys, she used to behave like
1761
00:57:11,292 --> 00:57:12,293
the guys, and she always said,
1762
00:57:12,360 --> 00:57:13,532
"that's how I got on in the"
1763
00:57:13,595 --> 00:57:14,573
industry, 'cause I was just
1764
00:57:14,629 --> 00:57:15,505
one of the guys.
1765
00:57:15,563 --> 00:57:16,564
They didn't think about me as
1766
00:57:16,631 --> 00:57:18,167
being a woman, I was just a guy
1767
00:57:18,232 --> 00:57:20,508
"directing films."
1768
00:57:20,568 --> 00:57:22,172
Dance, Girl, Dance is
1769
00:57:22,236 --> 00:57:24,716
a film that takes on, in an
1770
00:57:24,772 --> 00:57:26,683
allegorical way, Hollywood's
1771
00:57:26,741 --> 00:57:28,152
representation of women.
1772
00:57:28,209 --> 00:57:31,156
It's about a dancer who aspires
1773
00:57:31,212 --> 00:57:35,058
to be a serious ballet dancer.
1774
00:57:35,116 --> 00:57:37,062
She's sort of stuck as the comic
1775
00:57:37,118 --> 00:57:39,928
act amidst all this sexual
1776
00:57:39,988 --> 00:57:40,762
exploitation of women.
1777
00:57:40,822 --> 00:57:42,495
And the climax of the film
1778
00:57:42,557 --> 00:57:44,537
occurs when she stops in the
1779
00:57:44,592 --> 00:57:45,935
middle of her performance...
1780
00:57:53,868 --> 00:57:55,108
and looks straight at the
1781
00:57:55,169 --> 00:57:56,273
audience, which means she looks
1782
00:57:56,337 --> 00:57:57,338
straight at the camera
1783
00:57:57,405 --> 00:57:58,405
and she says...
1784
00:57:58,406 --> 00:57:59,680
I know you want me to tear my
1785
00:57:59,774 --> 00:58:00,752
clothes off so you can look
1786
00:58:00,775 --> 00:58:02,049
your 50 cents' worth.
1787
00:58:02,110 --> 00:58:03,418
50 cents for the privilege
1788
00:58:03,478 --> 00:58:04,599
of staring at a girl the way
1789
00:58:04,646 --> 00:58:06,683
your wives won't let you.
1790
00:58:06,748 --> 00:58:08,455
I'm sure they see through you
1791
00:58:08,516 --> 00:58:09,893
just like we do.
1792
00:58:09,951 --> 00:58:11,191
It's an extraordinary moment,
1793
00:58:11,252 --> 00:58:13,095
in which we, as the audience,
1794
00:58:13,154 --> 00:58:15,828
are confronted and asked to
1795
00:58:15,890 --> 00:58:18,029
think about what we routinely
1796
00:58:18,092 --> 00:58:19,537
see in movies, which is the
1797
00:58:19,594 --> 00:58:21,232
sexual objectification of women.
1798
00:58:23,665 --> 00:58:25,372
Weber and Arzner were
1799
00:58:25,433 --> 00:58:26,912
very different women who made
1800
00:58:26,968 --> 00:58:28,538
very different kinds of films in
1801
00:58:28,603 --> 00:58:30,310
very different contexts, but if
1802
00:58:30,371 --> 00:58:31,611
I think about it, what maybe
1803
00:58:31,673 --> 00:58:34,586
unites them is that they had a
1804
00:58:34,642 --> 00:58:36,519
unique and singular vision of
1805
00:58:36,577 --> 00:58:37,817
what they could do that just
1806
00:58:37,879 --> 00:58:40,758
allowed them to persevere.
1807
00:58:40,815 --> 00:58:42,226
It's really important to have
1808
00:58:42,283 --> 00:58:44,422
female filmmakers because women
1809
00:58:44,485 --> 00:58:46,294
have a different perspective
1810
00:58:46,354 --> 00:58:48,163
on the world, on our culture,
1811
00:58:48,222 --> 00:58:49,599
on life.
1812
00:58:49,657 --> 00:58:51,227
Women filmmakers, we have
1813
00:58:51,292 --> 00:58:53,135
an awful lot to bring
1814
00:58:53,194 --> 00:58:55,333
to the screen.
1815
00:58:55,396 --> 00:58:56,739
There are not a whole lot of us
1816
00:58:56,798 --> 00:58:59,210
and we have this nurturing
1817
00:58:59,300 --> 00:59:01,541
quality and we have often a
1818
00:59:01,569 --> 00:59:02,980
different point of view, a way
1819
00:59:03,037 --> 00:59:04,243
of seeing the world, a different
1820
00:59:04,305 --> 00:59:05,750
way of placing characters
1821
00:59:05,807 --> 00:59:07,252
or placing the camera,
1822
00:59:07,308 --> 00:59:09,185
so let's play around with that,
1823
00:59:09,243 --> 00:59:10,722
let's experiment and that's...
1824
00:59:10,778 --> 00:59:11,756
And I did that with Daughters
1825
00:59:11,813 --> 00:59:12,621
of the Dust.
1826
00:59:12,680 --> 00:59:13,784
And for a lot of people, it
1827
00:59:13,848 --> 00:59:14,986
worked and for a lot of people,
1828
00:59:15,049 --> 00:59:17,359
they said, "Whoa, what is this?"
1829
00:59:18,063 --> 00:59:19,063
"What are you doing?"
1830
00:59:19,087 --> 00:59:20,464
And it was like, "I'm exploring"
1831
00:59:20,521 --> 00:59:24,594
and I'm telling a story my way."
1832
00:59:38,506 --> 00:59:39,507
I was involved
1833
00:59:39,574 --> 00:59:40,552
in getting Back to the Future
1834
00:59:40,608 --> 00:59:42,519
put on the Film Registry.
1835
00:59:42,577 --> 00:59:44,147
What did I tell you'?!
1836
00:59:44,212 --> 00:59:48,058
88 Miles per hour!
1837
00:59:48,116 --> 00:59:49,857
I went to the fans.
1838
00:59:49,917 --> 00:59:51,055
Back to the future is one of
1839
00:59:51,119 --> 00:59:52,291
my favorite movies.
1840
00:59:52,353 --> 00:59:53,730
I had used a wonderful website,
1841
00:59:53,788 --> 00:59:57,167
BTTF.com, that was hosted by a
1842
00:59:57,225 --> 00:59:59,136
man named Stephen Clark and I
1843
00:59:59,193 --> 01:00:00,866
wrote to him and said, "Look",
1844
01:00:00,928 --> 01:00:03,067
fan response is an incredible
1845
01:00:03,131 --> 01:00:04,735
factor in getting something on
1846
01:00:04,799 --> 01:00:07,143
the Registry and make your fans
1847
01:00:07,201 --> 01:00:08,236
"write in."
1848
01:00:08,302 --> 01:00:10,179
And the response was amazing.
1849
01:00:10,238 --> 01:00:11,478
Steve Leggett, who works with
1850
01:00:11,539 --> 01:00:12,609
the Film Registry, said that he
1851
01:00:12,673 --> 01:00:14,448
had so many e-mails every day,
1852
01:00:14,509 --> 01:00:15,817
hundreds of e-mails coming in,
1853
01:00:15,877 --> 01:00:17,322
and it was the first time
1854
01:00:17,378 --> 01:00:18,482
that there had been such an
1855
01:00:18,546 --> 01:00:20,685
overwhelming response to getting
1856
01:00:20,748 --> 01:00:22,728
one film on from people outside
1857
01:00:22,784 --> 01:00:24,695
of the Library of Congress.
1858
01:00:24,752 --> 01:00:26,197
It's found its way into the
1859
01:00:26,254 --> 01:00:27,756
popular culture so much, and the
1860
01:00:27,822 --> 01:00:29,102
fact that you can now buy a flux
1861
01:00:29,157 --> 01:00:31,194
capacitor online... and people
1862
01:00:31,259 --> 01:00:32,602
will buy them... is saying
1863
01:00:32,660 --> 01:00:33,638
something about the impact of
1864
01:00:33,694 --> 01:00:34,866
the movie.
1865
01:00:38,143 --> 01:00:39,143
My moment of
1866
01:00:39,167 --> 01:00:40,544
triumph as far as the National.
1867
01:00:40,601 --> 01:00:41,944
Film Registry is concerned...
1868
01:00:42,003 --> 01:00:43,676
I had a couple of different ones
1869
01:00:43,738 --> 01:00:44,614
that I put on there.
1870
01:00:44,672 --> 01:00:45,946
The one film that I actually
1871
01:00:46,007 --> 01:00:48,510
got chosen is a little
1872
01:00:48,576 --> 01:00:49,111
film called...
1873
01:00:49,177 --> 01:00:50,177
Let's all go
1874
01:00:50,178 --> 01:00:51,987
to the lobby,
1875
01:00:52,046 --> 01:00:54,788
let's all go to the lobby
1876
01:00:54,849 --> 01:00:57,295
let's all go to the lobby
1877
01:00:57,351 --> 01:00:58,557
to get ourselves a treat...
1878
01:00:58,619 --> 01:00:59,825
A little film made by the.
1879
01:00:59,921 --> 01:01:01,958
Filmack company up in Chicago.
1880
01:01:01,989 --> 01:01:03,866
And it's a bumper that goes
1881
01:01:03,925 --> 01:01:05,666
in between the movies to get you
1882
01:01:05,726 --> 01:01:07,637
to go to the candy counter.
1883
01:01:08,396 --> 01:01:09,602
The sparkling drinks
1884
01:01:09,664 --> 01:01:11,268
are just dandy.
1885
01:01:11,332 --> 01:01:12,436
The chocolate bars
1886
01:01:12,500 --> 01:01:13,945
and the candy.
1887
01:01:14,001 --> 01:01:15,639
So let's all go to the...
1888
01:01:15,703 --> 01:01:16,579
lobby,
1889
01:01:16,637 --> 01:01:17,911
duh, duh, duddiluh, duh, duh.
1890
01:01:17,972 --> 01:01:19,918
But I looked at it and was like,
1891
01:01:19,974 --> 01:01:20,918
"This is such an important
1892
01:01:20,975 --> 01:01:21,851
little piece of film."
1893
01:01:21,909 --> 01:01:22,909
Everybody knows it,
1894
01:01:22,944 --> 01:01:24,446
everybody's seen it.
1895
01:01:24,512 --> 01:01:26,287
It's the perfect example of this
1896
01:01:26,347 --> 01:01:28,122
kind of cinematic advertising
1897
01:01:28,182 --> 01:01:29,889
that they were doing.
1898
01:01:29,951 --> 01:01:31,225
And it's fun.
1899
01:01:31,285 --> 01:01:33,094
So I put it in and sure enough,
1900
01:01:33,154 --> 01:01:34,326
it got chosen that year.
1901
01:01:34,388 --> 01:01:35,662
I was totally blown away.
1902
01:01:35,723 --> 01:01:39,432
Let's all go to the lobby
1903
01:01:39,493 --> 01:01:41,166
to get ourselves a treat...
1904
01:01:41,996 --> 01:01:42,996
Thank you, thank you.
1905
01:01:44,999 --> 01:01:46,171
When I was younger, I was
1906
01:01:46,234 --> 01:01:47,941
interested in films about power.
1907
01:01:53,507 --> 01:01:55,612
People with invincible skills.
1908
01:01:55,676 --> 01:01:57,678
They could shoot a gun out of
1909
01:01:57,745 --> 01:01:59,725
someone's hand, they could snap
1910
01:01:59,814 --> 01:02:01,623
a bullwhip around your neck.
1911
01:02:03,284 --> 01:02:04,592
This will remind you that
1912
01:02:04,652 --> 01:02:05,653
I have been here once
1913
01:02:05,720 --> 01:02:06,630
and can return.
1914
01:02:06,687 --> 01:02:10,134
And so from around six to 10,
1915
01:02:10,191 --> 01:02:11,761
those were the staple of my
1916
01:02:11,826 --> 01:02:13,499
imagination and you'd leave the
1917
01:02:13,561 --> 01:02:15,302
movie and you'd be acting out
1918
01:02:15,363 --> 01:02:17,138
all the parts with your friends.
1919
01:02:26,007 --> 01:02:27,350
And as a matter of fact, on the
1920
01:02:27,408 --> 01:02:29,354
first Western I ever did, I
1921
01:02:29,410 --> 01:02:31,048
ruined my first take on
1922
01:02:31,112 --> 01:02:32,455
horseback where I'm shooting
1923
01:02:32,513 --> 01:02:34,686
somebody with my pistol because
1924
01:02:34,749 --> 01:02:36,023
on the finished film, you can
1925
01:02:36,083 --> 01:02:37,619
see me looking at the guy
1926
01:02:37,685 --> 01:02:38,823
steely-eyed and pulling the
1927
01:02:38,886 --> 01:02:39,886
trigger and going...
1928
01:02:43,557 --> 01:02:45,230
Really stupid.
1929
01:02:45,293 --> 01:02:47,000
But, you know, it shows you
1930
01:02:47,061 --> 01:02:48,165
the grip that these things
1931
01:02:48,229 --> 01:02:49,229
have on you.
1932
01:02:55,136 --> 01:02:56,136
When I was young,
1933
01:02:56,137 --> 01:02:57,241
when I was little, that was all
1934
01:02:57,305 --> 01:02:58,079
I used to think about...
1935
01:02:58,139 --> 01:02:59,174
the N.B.A.
1936
01:02:59,240 --> 01:02:59,945
There's nothing more
1937
01:03:00,007 --> 01:03:02,146
powerful than a true story,
1938
01:03:02,209 --> 01:03:04,450
because it makes you feel
1939
01:03:04,512 --> 01:03:07,288
like you don't have that escape
1940
01:03:07,348 --> 01:03:09,089
valve that I have when I
1941
01:03:09,150 --> 01:03:10,322
watch fiction.
1942
01:03:10,384 --> 01:03:12,660
When it gets too tough or too
1943
01:03:12,720 --> 01:03:15,098
close or too emotional, I can
1944
01:03:15,156 --> 01:03:16,601
always kind of back out of it
1945
01:03:16,657 --> 01:03:18,068
just a little bit by saying,
1946
01:03:18,125 --> 01:03:20,105
"Eh, this isn't true."
1947
01:03:20,161 --> 01:03:21,265
And when you're seeing a
1948
01:03:21,329 --> 01:03:23,275
powerful documentary, and you
1949
01:03:23,331 --> 01:03:24,639
believe what you're seeing,
1950
01:03:24,699 --> 01:03:25,837
you don't have that and
1951
01:03:25,900 --> 01:03:26,900
that's a good thing.
1952
01:03:26,901 --> 01:03:28,471
My mother, she's
1953
01:03:28,536 --> 01:03:31,312
like mother and father to me.
1954
01:03:31,372 --> 01:03:33,318
She don't want me really hanging
1955
01:03:33,374 --> 01:03:35,411
around over here that much,
1956
01:03:35,476 --> 01:03:38,423
'cause of the gangs.
1957
01:03:38,479 --> 01:03:40,049
I always wanted to make
1958
01:03:40,114 --> 01:03:41,114
stories.
1959
01:03:41,148 --> 01:03:42,354
This was a chance, an
1960
01:03:42,416 --> 01:03:44,521
opportunity, to hopefully tell a
1961
01:03:44,585 --> 01:03:46,428
great story, but a story that
1962
01:03:46,487 --> 01:03:49,798
was true and a story that, in
1963
01:03:49,857 --> 01:03:51,336
focusing on these two kids and
1964
01:03:51,392 --> 01:03:52,894
their families, what their lives
1965
01:03:52,960 --> 01:03:55,270
had to say about the American
1966
01:03:55,329 --> 01:03:58,833
dream, about race in America,
1967
01:03:58,899 --> 01:04:01,675
about poverty in America.
1968
01:04:01,769 --> 01:04:03,112
It's something I think that
1969
01:04:03,137 --> 01:04:04,309
needed to be said, and
1970
01:04:04,372 --> 01:04:05,373
needs to always be said,
1971
01:04:05,439 --> 01:04:06,816
and unfortunately continues
1972
01:04:06,874 --> 01:04:08,285
to need to be said.
1973
01:04:08,342 --> 01:04:10,379
Arthur agee.
1974
01:04:11,812 --> 01:04:13,416
I would say an influence
1975
01:04:13,481 --> 01:04:15,620
for me early on was Barbara.
1976
01:04:15,683 --> 01:04:17,458
Kopple's work, in particular,
1977
01:04:17,518 --> 01:04:19,429
Harlan County.
1978
01:04:19,487 --> 01:04:20,487
Come,
1979
01:04:20,488 --> 01:04:23,594
all you young fellers,
1980
01:04:23,657 --> 01:04:28,834
so brave and so fine...
1981
01:04:28,896 --> 01:04:31,638
Seek not your fortune
1982
01:04:31,699 --> 01:04:35,909
way down in the mine...
1983
01:04:35,970 --> 01:04:37,040
The beauty of
1984
01:04:37,104 --> 01:04:38,515
documentaries is that it
1985
01:04:38,572 --> 01:04:40,108
only happens once.
1986
01:04:40,174 --> 01:04:42,381
It can't happen another time.
1987
01:04:42,443 --> 01:04:45,151
I remember when I was with the
1988
01:04:45,212 --> 01:04:46,953
widows from the Farmington Mine
1989
01:04:47,014 --> 01:04:49,995
disaster in Harlan County.
1990
01:04:50,051 --> 01:04:52,497
They had never gotten together
1991
01:04:52,553 --> 01:04:55,500
to speak about what it meant
1992
01:04:55,556 --> 01:04:57,558
to lose their husbands.
1993
01:04:57,625 --> 01:04:59,536
This was the first time and they
1994
01:04:59,627 --> 01:05:01,538
sat in a circle and they talked
1995
01:05:01,562 --> 01:05:04,270
about the most intimate details
1996
01:05:04,331 --> 01:05:05,867
of their husbands, of their
1997
01:05:05,933 --> 01:05:07,708
lives, of what it meant to be
1998
01:05:07,768 --> 01:05:09,179
a coal miner, what it meant
1999
01:05:09,236 --> 01:05:10,681
to work in one of the most
2000
01:05:10,738 --> 01:05:12,149
dangerous industries
2001
01:05:12,206 --> 01:05:13,549
in this country.
2002
01:05:13,607 --> 01:05:15,848
And one or two of them just
2003
01:05:15,910 --> 01:05:17,412
burst into tears.
2004
01:05:17,478 --> 01:05:20,186
Another one got really angry.
2005
01:05:20,247 --> 01:05:22,090
I live right almost on the
2006
01:05:22,149 --> 01:05:23,787
seat of the main explosion,
2007
01:05:23,851 --> 01:05:25,421
right there, and they said,
2008
01:05:25,486 --> 01:05:27,227
"You get out of your house!"
2009
01:05:27,288 --> 01:05:28,288
And the police told me
2010
01:05:28,322 --> 01:05:29,096
to get out.
2011
01:05:29,156 --> 01:05:30,156
Do you know why?
2012
01:05:30,191 --> 01:05:31,101
Because they didn't want me
2013
01:05:31,158 --> 01:05:32,296
to see what was going on up
2014
01:05:32,359 --> 01:05:33,770
that damn, dirty, filthy mines!
2015
01:05:33,828 --> 01:05:34,533
It's about
2016
01:05:34,595 --> 01:05:35,630
communication.
2017
01:05:35,696 --> 01:05:37,266
It's about connection.
2018
01:05:37,331 --> 01:05:39,402
It's about stepping in to
2019
01:05:39,467 --> 01:05:41,276
somebody's world that you would
2020
01:05:41,335 --> 01:05:43,372
never be privy to...
2021
01:05:43,437 --> 01:05:46,850
And being able to be there and
2022
01:05:46,907 --> 01:05:48,944
understand what's going on with
2023
01:05:49,009 --> 01:05:50,818
them and who they are and what
2024
01:05:50,878 --> 01:05:52,289
they're about.
2025
01:05:52,346 --> 01:05:54,223
I mean, nothing could be finer
2026
01:05:54,281 --> 01:05:55,282
than that.
2027
01:05:55,349 --> 01:05:57,693
And nothing else will do that.
2028
01:06:02,923 --> 01:06:05,460
And if we don't save those films
2029
01:06:05,526 --> 01:06:07,267
and preserve those films,
2030
01:06:07,328 --> 01:06:09,604
we won't have a history.
2031
01:06:13,367 --> 01:06:15,074
Film reconnects us
2032
01:06:15,136 --> 01:06:16,581
to the world and to our
2033
01:06:16,637 --> 01:06:19,618
experience of our lives in this
2034
01:06:19,673 --> 01:06:21,311
space, in this time.
2035
01:06:27,314 --> 01:06:29,692
1929's H20.
2036
01:06:29,750 --> 01:06:33,789
It is a short film about water,
2037
01:06:33,854 --> 01:06:35,959
where the filmmaker starts from
2038
01:06:36,023 --> 01:06:38,970
a distance and looks at water.
2039
01:06:39,026 --> 01:06:40,562
Little trickles of water,
2040
01:06:40,628 --> 01:06:42,266
little waterfalls,
2041
01:06:42,329 --> 01:06:45,572
streams with the rocks visible.
2042
01:06:45,633 --> 01:06:47,772
And he moves ever closer to the
2043
01:06:47,835 --> 01:06:50,179
water and the light playing on
2044
01:06:50,237 --> 01:06:52,478
water to the degree that you no
2045
01:06:52,540 --> 01:06:55,749
longer recognize it as water.
2046
01:06:55,809 --> 01:06:57,220
Then I guarantee, once you see
2047
01:06:57,278 --> 01:06:58,814
this film, you never look
2048
01:06:58,879 --> 01:07:01,587
at water the same way again.
2049
01:07:01,682 --> 01:07:04,060
It's not meant to make sense.
2050
01:07:04,084 --> 01:07:06,621
It's not meant to tell a story.
2051
01:07:06,687 --> 01:07:08,098
But in many ways, it's meant
2052
01:07:08,155 --> 01:07:10,897
to touch us the way poetry does.
2053
01:07:13,827 --> 01:07:16,671
It is not always easy to engage
2054
01:07:16,730 --> 01:07:18,209
the experimental film.
2055
01:07:22,503 --> 01:07:24,915
And one has to simply open one's
2056
01:07:24,972 --> 01:07:27,418
self to the language of film.
2057
01:07:33,614 --> 01:07:35,389
That's where the beauty lies.
2058
01:07:35,449 --> 01:07:36,985
We, through the medium,
2059
01:07:37,051 --> 01:07:41,261
we see the world anew.
2060
01:07:41,322 --> 01:07:43,632
You know, the great thing
2061
01:07:43,691 --> 01:07:44,999
about the Registry is that it's
2062
01:07:45,059 --> 01:07:46,629
grown to be pretty diverse.
2063
01:07:46,694 --> 01:07:47,695
It's gotten a lot more
2064
01:07:47,761 --> 01:07:48,761
inclusive, you know.
2065
01:07:48,796 --> 01:07:50,503
There's a lot of experimental,
2066
01:07:50,564 --> 01:07:51,804
avant-garde and independent
2067
01:07:51,865 --> 01:07:52,434
films.
2068
01:07:52,499 --> 01:07:53,375
There's lots of
2069
01:07:53,434 --> 01:07:54,208
documentary films.
2070
01:07:54,268 --> 01:07:54,939
There's home movies.
2071
01:07:55,002 --> 01:07:56,948
There even are a few industrial
2072
01:07:57,004 --> 01:07:58,483
and educational films.
2073
01:07:58,539 --> 01:07:59,984
There was a turtle
2074
01:08:00,074 --> 01:08:02,020
by the name of Bert.
2075
01:08:02,042 --> 01:08:03,248
And Bert the turtle
2076
01:08:03,310 --> 01:08:05,221
was very alert.
2077
01:08:05,279 --> 01:08:06,883
When danger threatened him
2078
01:08:06,947 --> 01:08:08,585
he never got hurt.
2079
01:08:08,649 --> 01:08:10,890
He knew just what to do.
2080
01:08:11,785 --> 01:08:13,093
He'd duck
2081
01:08:13,153 --> 01:08:14,427
and cover...
2082
01:08:14,488 --> 01:08:15,967
This country has always been
2083
01:08:16,023 --> 01:08:17,229
about persuasion.
2084
01:08:17,291 --> 01:08:18,793
Really most societies are.
2085
01:08:18,859 --> 01:08:20,304
And these films really
2086
01:08:20,361 --> 01:08:21,601
illuminate that, kind of the
2087
01:08:21,662 --> 01:08:22,834
changing history of what
2088
01:08:22,896 --> 01:08:24,136
we were told.
2089
01:08:24,198 --> 01:08:25,302
We must be ready
2090
01:08:25,366 --> 01:08:27,642
every day, all the time, to do
2091
01:08:27,701 --> 01:08:29,476
the right thing if the atomic
2092
01:08:29,536 --> 01:08:31,277
bomb explodes.
2093
01:08:31,338 --> 01:08:33,579
Duck and cover!
2094
01:08:33,641 --> 01:08:35,552
This family knows what to do,
2095
01:08:35,609 --> 01:08:37,953
just as your own family should.
2096
01:08:40,814 --> 01:08:42,259
The House in the Middle is a
2097
01:08:42,316 --> 01:08:43,989
goofy and rather marvelous film
2098
01:08:44,051 --> 01:08:47,055
made in about 1953, '54 by...
2099
01:08:47,121 --> 01:08:48,395
let me see if I can get it
2100
01:08:48,455 --> 01:08:50,298
right... the National Clean Up-
2101
01:08:50,357 --> 01:08:52,359
Paint Up-Fix Up Committee, in
2102
01:08:52,426 --> 01:08:53,632
association with the Federal.
2103
01:08:53,694 --> 01:08:55,264
CML Defense Administration.
2104
01:08:55,329 --> 01:08:56,831
And it puts forth a really,
2105
01:08:56,897 --> 01:08:59,241
really odd message.
2106
01:08:59,333 --> 01:09:00,333
Three identical
2107
01:09:00,334 --> 01:09:01,836
miniature frame houses.
2108
01:09:01,902 --> 01:09:02,937
The house on the right,
2109
01:09:03,003 --> 01:09:04,414
an eyesore.
2110
01:09:04,471 --> 01:09:05,711
But you've seen these same
2111
01:09:05,773 --> 01:09:08,845
conditions in your own hometown.
2112
01:09:08,909 --> 01:09:09,944
This house is the product
2113
01:09:10,010 --> 01:09:11,387
of years of neglect.
2114
01:09:11,445 --> 01:09:12,515
It has not been painted
2115
01:09:12,579 --> 01:09:14,957
regularly.
2116
01:09:15,015 --> 01:09:16,050
The house in the middle,
2117
01:09:16,116 --> 01:09:17,754
in good condition, with a clean,
2118
01:09:17,818 --> 01:09:19,297
unlittered yard.
2119
01:09:19,353 --> 01:09:20,923
If your
2120
01:09:20,988 --> 01:09:22,729
house is freshly painted and
2121
01:09:22,790 --> 01:09:24,360
clean and doesn't have a lot
2122
01:09:24,425 --> 01:09:25,768
of crap sitting around in
2123
01:09:25,826 --> 01:09:27,396
the front yard, you're a lot
2124
01:09:27,461 --> 01:09:28,769
more likely to survive
2125
01:09:28,829 --> 01:09:30,001
a nuclear attack.
2126
01:09:39,206 --> 01:09:40,366
So it really makes kind of
2127
01:09:40,407 --> 01:09:42,353
a moral argument, a behavioral
2128
01:09:42,409 --> 01:09:43,979
argument for surviving
2129
01:09:44,044 --> 01:09:45,580
nuclear attack.
2130
01:09:45,646 --> 01:09:46,750
Two houses are
2131
01:09:46,814 --> 01:09:48,293
a total loss, but the well-kept
2132
01:09:48,349 --> 01:09:49,349
and the painted house
2133
01:09:49,383 --> 01:09:51,329
in the middle still stands.
2134
01:09:51,385 --> 01:09:52,385
Of course it's funded by
2135
01:09:52,386 --> 01:09:53,831
the paint industry, so they're
2136
01:09:53,887 --> 01:09:55,662
trying to sell house paint and
2137
01:09:55,723 --> 01:09:56,758
saying, "Hey, it's gonna help"
2138
01:09:56,824 --> 01:09:58,531
you survive nuclear attack."
2139
01:09:58,592 --> 01:10:00,128
I mean, this is, you know...
2140
01:10:00,194 --> 01:10:02,834
This is a little weird.
2141
01:10:02,896 --> 01:10:05,206
The dingy house on the left,
2142
01:10:05,265 --> 01:10:06,676
the dirty and littered house
2143
01:10:06,734 --> 01:10:08,873
on the right, or the clean white
2144
01:10:08,936 --> 01:10:10,381
house in the middle.
2145
01:10:10,437 --> 01:10:12,439
It is your choice.
2146
01:10:12,506 --> 01:10:15,612
The reward may be survival.
2147
01:10:17,511 --> 01:10:19,422
Every movie that is popular,
2148
01:10:19,480 --> 01:10:22,017
every movie that is popular
2149
01:10:22,082 --> 01:10:25,791
captures something of the ideas
2150
01:10:25,853 --> 01:10:28,197
that were alive at the time.
2151
01:10:28,255 --> 01:10:30,235
And very often, the ideas that
2152
01:10:30,290 --> 01:10:32,861
they capture and that make them
2153
01:10:32,926 --> 01:10:35,372
so acceptable to the public
2154
01:10:35,429 --> 01:10:36,840
are lies.
2155
01:10:40,601 --> 01:10:42,877
This is D.W. Griffith's film.
2156
01:10:42,936 --> 01:10:45,212
Essentially, Griffith, right
2157
01:10:45,272 --> 01:10:46,751
then and there, invented a lot
2158
01:10:46,807 --> 01:10:48,377
of the grammar of film.
2159
01:10:48,442 --> 01:10:51,013
Its aesthetic and historical
2160
01:10:51,078 --> 01:10:52,148
significance from the point of
2161
01:10:52,212 --> 01:10:54,692
view of film is beyond debate.
2162
01:10:54,748 --> 01:10:56,625
Its value as a portrayal
2163
01:10:56,683 --> 01:10:58,128
of American history is not
2164
01:10:58,185 --> 01:10:59,562
at all beyond debate.
2165
01:10:59,653 --> 01:11:02,190
It is basically a pro Ku Klux.
2166
01:11:02,222 --> 01:11:04,168
Klan view of what happened
2167
01:11:04,224 --> 01:11:05,224
in the South.
2168
01:11:14,701 --> 01:11:16,146
I think The Birth of a Nation
2169
01:11:16,203 --> 01:11:18,444
really legitimized the motion
2170
01:11:18,505 --> 01:11:19,142
picture industry.
2171
01:11:19,206 --> 01:11:20,344
It was the first film to be
2172
01:11:20,407 --> 01:11:22,011
shown at legitimate Broadway
2173
01:11:22,075 --> 01:11:23,075
theaters.
2174
01:11:23,076 --> 01:11:24,054
I think for the first time,
2175
01:11:24,111 --> 01:11:25,784
people realized almost not only
2176
01:11:25,846 --> 01:11:27,154
the power of the motion picture,
2177
01:11:27,214 --> 01:11:28,318
but also almost the danger
2178
01:11:28,382 --> 01:11:29,452
of the motion picture.
2179
01:11:29,516 --> 01:11:31,518
What it could accomplish.
2180
01:11:31,585 --> 01:11:34,156
Unfortunately, all these
2181
01:11:34,221 --> 01:11:36,462
innovative ideas were used
2182
01:11:36,523 --> 01:11:38,730
to advance the notion of
2183
01:11:38,792 --> 01:11:40,931
segregation, Jim Crow, racism,
2184
01:11:40,994 --> 01:11:42,940
racial bias.
2185
01:11:42,996 --> 01:11:45,169
It was a dangerous film and it
2186
01:11:45,232 --> 01:11:48,702
caused a lot of personal harm
2187
01:11:48,769 --> 01:11:50,646
to people after it came out
2188
01:11:50,704 --> 01:11:51,944
during that time.
2189
01:11:52,005 --> 01:11:53,109
Birth of a Nation was
2190
01:11:53,173 --> 01:11:54,294
propaganda, you know, and it
2191
01:11:54,341 --> 01:11:55,513
was slander, but it's important
2192
01:11:55,576 --> 01:11:56,111
to recognize.
2193
01:11:56,176 --> 01:11:57,297
I think by ignoring it or by
2194
01:11:57,344 --> 01:11:58,789
denying, you know, the existence
2195
01:11:58,846 --> 01:11:59,967
of Birth of a Nation, you're
2196
01:11:59,980 --> 01:12:00,981
almost losing a piece
2197
01:12:01,014 --> 01:12:04,120
of cinema history.
2198
01:12:04,184 --> 01:12:05,390
So we'll find them
2199
01:12:05,452 --> 01:12:07,454
in the end, I promise you,
2200
01:12:07,521 --> 01:12:09,694
we'll find them.
2201
01:12:09,756 --> 01:12:11,997
Just as sure as the turning
2202
01:12:12,059 --> 01:12:13,436
of the earth.
2203
01:12:13,494 --> 01:12:14,996
I know the generation of
2204
01:12:15,062 --> 01:12:18,407
people that saw The Searchers
2205
01:12:18,465 --> 01:12:20,638
when they were young will never
2206
01:12:20,701 --> 01:12:22,044
forget it.
2207
01:12:22,102 --> 01:12:24,981
It was essentially about a man,
2208
01:12:25,038 --> 01:12:26,949
played by John Wayne, who comes
2209
01:12:27,007 --> 01:12:30,352
to save a little girl
2210
01:12:30,410 --> 01:12:32,913
who has been kidnapped
2211
01:12:32,980 --> 01:12:39,488
by an Indian tribe.
2212
01:12:39,553 --> 01:12:40,759
It's always the menacing
2213
01:12:40,821 --> 01:12:44,496
music, the menacing war paint
2214
01:12:44,558 --> 01:12:46,162
that was assigned
2215
01:12:46,226 --> 01:12:49,036
to these characters.
2216
01:12:49,096 --> 01:12:49,574
[Shouting in
2217
01:12:53,634 --> 01:12:54,669
Growing up, if you look back
2218
01:12:54,735 --> 01:12:55,713
at all the cowboy and Indian
2219
01:12:55,769 --> 01:12:56,975
stuff I watched as a kid,
2220
01:12:57,037 --> 01:12:59,074
why were we the heroes?
2221
01:12:59,139 --> 01:13:00,345
I didn't quite get that.
2222
01:13:00,440 --> 01:13:01,640
Took me a long time to realize
2223
01:13:01,642 --> 01:13:02,682
that, even when you played
2224
01:13:02,743 --> 01:13:03,483
cowboys and Indians
2225
01:13:03,544 --> 01:13:04,113
with your friends.
2226
01:13:04,177 --> 01:13:05,019
Today, I'd want to be
2227
01:13:05,078 --> 01:13:06,148
the Indian, they're the rebels.
2228
01:13:06,213 --> 01:13:07,715
And I would be for the Indians
2229
01:13:07,781 --> 01:13:09,021
against the cowboys.
2230
01:13:10,183 --> 01:13:12,527
I saw The Searchers with
2231
01:13:12,586 --> 01:13:14,463
an American Indian and I was
2232
01:13:14,521 --> 01:13:16,000
unaware of the racism in the
2233
01:13:16,056 --> 01:13:17,399
film until I was sitting next
2234
01:13:17,457 --> 01:13:18,868
to her and she just stormed out
2235
01:13:18,926 --> 01:13:20,701
at a certain scene in the movie.
2236
01:13:20,761 --> 01:13:21,921
And I went out to follow her,
2237
01:13:21,962 --> 01:13:22,906
I said, "What's going on'?"
2238
01:13:22,963 --> 01:13:23,737
She said, "Did you see"
2239
01:13:23,797 --> 01:13:24,797
the movie'?"
2240
01:13:24,798 --> 01:13:25,798
I said, "Yeah, I saw it."
2241
01:13:25,799 --> 01:13:26,436
"Well, did you see
2242
01:13:26,500 --> 01:13:27,308
what happened?"
2243
01:13:27,367 --> 01:13:29,176
These are my people...
2244
01:13:30,637 --> 01:13:31,877
Go!
2245
01:13:31,939 --> 01:13:34,749
Go, Martin, please!
2246
01:13:34,808 --> 01:13:36,719
Stand aside, Martin.
2247
01:13:36,777 --> 01:13:38,120
So he was searching for her
2248
01:13:38,178 --> 01:13:40,658
so he could kill her, so she
2249
01:13:40,714 --> 01:13:42,523
wouldn't have to live with them.
2250
01:13:42,583 --> 01:13:44,085
Because she was living a fate
2251
01:13:44,151 --> 01:13:45,858
worse than death.
2252
01:13:48,388 --> 01:13:49,992
It was very disturbing.
2253
01:13:50,057 --> 01:13:53,834
Ethan, no, you don't!
2254
01:13:53,894 --> 01:13:55,669
Stand aside.
2255
01:13:55,729 --> 01:13:57,265
I thought that was really
2256
01:13:57,331 --> 01:13:59,140
something that I really wouldn't
2257
01:13:59,199 --> 01:14:01,008
want my daughter to look at.
2258
01:14:02,936 --> 01:14:05,678
It really helped create
2259
01:14:05,739 --> 01:14:09,243
a persona about Indian people
2260
01:14:09,309 --> 01:14:16,659
that continues to this day.
2261
01:14:16,717 --> 01:14:19,220
The exiles was made about.
2262
01:14:19,286 --> 01:14:21,288
Native Americans living in
2263
01:14:21,355 --> 01:14:23,494
Los Angeles in the 1950s,
2264
01:14:23,557 --> 01:14:25,059
in other words, Native Americans
2265
01:14:25,125 --> 01:14:26,604
not out in the desert or
2266
01:14:26,660 --> 01:14:28,367
in the mountains, in the kind
2267
01:14:28,428 --> 01:14:30,430
of environment that most people
2268
01:14:30,497 --> 01:14:32,499
in cliched terms think of,
2269
01:14:32,566 --> 01:14:35,342
but trying to survive in
2270
01:14:35,402 --> 01:14:37,177
a brutal urban environment.
2271
01:14:39,106 --> 01:14:40,847
The Exiles really put kind
2272
01:14:40,907 --> 01:14:43,945
of a face on Indian people
2273
01:14:44,011 --> 01:14:45,513
at the time.
2274
01:14:45,579 --> 01:14:47,024
During that time period, it was
2275
01:14:47,080 --> 01:14:48,616
either relocation or maybe
2276
01:14:48,682 --> 01:14:52,323
serving in the armed services.
2277
01:14:52,386 --> 01:14:54,263
A lot of Indian people left the
2278
01:14:54,321 --> 01:14:57,632
reservations and came to cities
2279
01:14:57,691 --> 01:15:00,638
and met other Indian people.
2280
01:15:00,727 --> 01:15:02,434
It showed kind of the truth
2281
01:15:02,462 --> 01:15:05,068
of living in an urban area
2282
01:15:05,132 --> 01:15:07,772
as far as the isolation,
2283
01:15:07,834 --> 01:15:09,541
depicted in the young woman.
2284
01:15:09,603 --> 01:15:12,174
She's always seen to be alone
2285
01:15:12,239 --> 01:15:15,186
and longing for a better life.
2286
01:15:15,242 --> 01:15:18,121
Film very much is important
2287
01:15:18,178 --> 01:15:20,954
in depiction of a people.
2288
01:15:21,014 --> 01:15:21,788
Yo, what's your problem, man?
2289
01:15:21,848 --> 01:15:22,656
Y'all are brothers, you ain't
2290
01:15:22,716 --> 01:15:23,387
supposed to be fighting
2291
01:15:23,450 --> 01:15:24,450
each other.
2292
01:15:24,451 --> 01:15:25,589
Little punk.
2293
01:15:25,652 --> 01:15:28,394
Get off my porch, mama's boy.
2294
01:15:28,455 --> 01:15:29,957
When Boyz in the Hood as
2295
01:15:30,023 --> 01:15:31,627
a document of its time, it's
2296
01:15:31,692 --> 01:15:33,000
a document of what was going on
2297
01:15:33,060 --> 01:15:34,539
in that time period.
2298
01:15:34,594 --> 01:15:35,834
You have to think, young
2299
01:15:35,896 --> 01:15:37,534
brother, about your future.
2300
01:15:37,597 --> 01:15:38,597
It gave a voice
2301
01:15:38,598 --> 01:15:40,509
to the voiceless.
2302
01:15:40,567 --> 01:15:41,567
Listen, I want to do
2303
01:15:41,601 --> 01:15:42,306
something with my life,
2304
01:15:42,369 --> 01:15:43,109
all right?
2305
01:15:43,170 --> 01:15:44,342
I want to be somebody.
2306
01:15:44,404 --> 01:15:45,075
The film, for me,
2307
01:15:45,138 --> 01:15:47,175
it's like my diary.
2308
01:15:47,240 --> 01:15:49,379
Ricky!
2309
01:15:49,443 --> 01:15:50,564
It was a cathartic thing for
2310
01:15:50,610 --> 01:15:53,147
me to show where I was from and
2311
01:15:53,213 --> 01:15:54,851
what I'd gone through.
2312
01:15:56,850 --> 01:15:58,352
Film is a reflection of the
2313
01:15:58,418 --> 01:16:00,364
times of which we live in,
2314
01:16:00,454 --> 01:16:02,400
good or bad.
2315
01:16:06,593 --> 01:16:09,005
I was responsible for pushing
2316
01:16:09,062 --> 01:16:10,735
forward Birth of a Nation into
2317
01:16:10,797 --> 01:16:12,538
the Film Preservation Board.
2318
01:16:12,599 --> 01:16:14,579
That movie led to the deaths of
2319
01:16:14,634 --> 01:16:16,170
many, many black people through
2320
01:16:16,236 --> 01:16:18,375
lynching, through enacting laws,
2321
01:16:18,438 --> 01:16:20,349
segregation, through Jim Crow
2322
01:16:20,407 --> 01:16:21,442
and everything.
2323
01:16:21,508 --> 01:16:23,181
But it really shows the power
2324
01:16:23,243 --> 01:16:25,280
of film for evil as well
2325
01:16:25,345 --> 01:16:26,345
as good.
2326
01:16:31,351 --> 01:16:32,694
When you watch a movie
2327
01:16:32,753 --> 01:16:34,061
from the past, you're involved
2328
01:16:34,121 --> 01:16:35,429
in a dialogue.
2329
01:16:35,489 --> 01:16:36,763
A dialogue between past
2330
01:16:36,823 --> 01:16:38,530
and present.
2331
01:16:38,592 --> 01:16:39,832
There's what's up on the screen
2332
01:16:39,860 --> 01:16:40,941
and then there's the person
2333
01:16:40,961 --> 01:16:42,269
looking at it and every person
2334
01:16:42,329 --> 01:16:43,672
who looks at it brings their own
2335
01:16:43,730 --> 01:16:44,936
history and finds their own
2336
01:16:44,998 --> 01:16:46,136
value in it.
2337
01:16:57,577 --> 01:16:58,647
You look at every war that
2338
01:16:58,712 --> 01:17:00,020
we've been through and whether
2339
01:17:00,113 --> 01:17:01,956
it's a war that we won, like the
2340
01:17:01,982 --> 01:17:04,428
good war, World War II, or a war
2341
01:17:04,484 --> 01:17:06,964
we lost, like Vietnam, a war
2342
01:17:07,020 --> 01:17:09,091
like what's going on now in Iraq
2343
01:17:09,156 --> 01:17:10,356
and Afghanistan where we don't
2344
01:17:10,357 --> 01:17:11,665
know what the result is going
2345
01:17:11,725 --> 01:17:14,171
to be, the result is the same
2346
01:17:14,227 --> 01:17:15,604
on the people who fought it.
2347
01:17:15,662 --> 01:17:17,699
And I think that's important
2348
01:17:17,764 --> 01:17:18,764
for people to understand.
2349
01:17:23,370 --> 01:17:24,370
The best years of our
2350
01:17:24,371 --> 01:17:26,977
lives is about three G.L.S
2351
01:17:27,040 --> 01:17:28,576
returning from service to their
2352
01:17:28,642 --> 01:17:31,714
hometown.
2353
01:17:31,778 --> 01:17:33,018
I enlisted in the Army Air.
2354
01:17:33,079 --> 01:17:34,615
Corps, I was a bombardier
2355
01:17:34,681 --> 01:17:36,251
in a B-17.
2356
01:17:36,316 --> 01:17:37,920
I was no hero, but I was there,
2357
01:17:37,984 --> 01:17:39,258
I did the job.
2358
01:17:39,319 --> 01:17:40,491
Naturally, it hit me
2359
01:17:40,554 --> 01:17:42,033
particularly hard when Dana
2360
01:17:42,088 --> 01:17:43,590
Andrews playing the bombardier
2361
01:17:43,657 --> 01:17:45,568
goes out to a field where
2362
01:17:45,625 --> 01:17:47,798
they're cocooning old b-17
2363
01:17:47,861 --> 01:17:51,570
bombers, and he approaches one
2364
01:17:51,631 --> 01:17:53,736
and climbs back up into it.
2365
01:17:57,737 --> 01:17:59,717
And the sound comes up and
2366
01:17:59,806 --> 01:18:03,117
the filmmaking makes him
2367
01:18:03,143 --> 01:18:05,953
experience a bombing raid.
2368
01:18:06,012 --> 01:18:07,753
And the sound is extraordinary.
2369
01:18:16,223 --> 01:18:19,067
That had a particular meaning
2370
01:18:19,125 --> 01:18:21,571
for anybody who was in a bomber.
2371
01:18:23,730 --> 01:18:26,734
Hey, you!
2372
01:18:26,800 --> 01:18:27,801
What're you doing
2373
01:18:27,868 --> 01:18:29,040
in that airplane?
2374
01:18:29,102 --> 01:18:33,676
It had a great effect on me.
2375
01:18:33,740 --> 01:18:35,742
The movies create order out of
2376
01:18:35,809 --> 01:18:37,652
the chaos of our lives and
2377
01:18:37,711 --> 01:18:39,156
that's what this was.
2378
01:18:49,222 --> 01:18:50,724
I was the last person that
2379
01:18:50,790 --> 01:18:52,167
I ever would have thought would
2380
01:18:52,225 --> 01:18:54,262
have gone to war.
2381
01:18:54,327 --> 01:18:55,829
War scared me when I was young.
2382
01:18:58,565 --> 01:19:01,375
After I came back from Vietnam,
2383
01:19:01,468 --> 01:19:04,312
I gave away my uniforms,
2384
01:19:04,337 --> 01:19:05,509
I really put the whole thing
2385
01:19:05,572 --> 01:19:06,346
behind me.
2386
01:19:06,406 --> 01:19:07,578
I just thought I could shut the
2387
01:19:07,641 --> 01:19:09,484
door and move on with my life.
2388
01:19:09,542 --> 01:19:10,953
I don't guess I spoke with
2389
01:19:11,011 --> 01:19:12,115
another veteran or about
2390
01:19:12,178 --> 01:19:14,488
my experience for eight
2391
01:19:14,547 --> 01:19:15,651
or nine years.
2392
01:19:15,715 --> 01:19:18,855
By chance I was put in touch
2393
01:19:18,919 --> 01:19:21,900
with a guy who worked with
2394
01:19:21,955 --> 01:19:23,730
veterans and he invited me to
2395
01:19:23,790 --> 01:19:25,098
a screening of The Deer Hunter.
2396
01:19:25,158 --> 01:19:27,160
[Chopin nocturne playing
2397
01:19:35,368 --> 01:19:36,779
Really discovered that the
2398
01:19:36,836 --> 01:19:37,996
issues that they were dealing
2399
01:19:38,004 --> 01:19:40,109
with in that film, how
2400
01:19:40,173 --> 01:19:41,413
frightened those guys were once
2401
01:19:41,441 --> 01:19:42,441
they got over there.
2402
01:19:42,442 --> 01:19:43,642
They went over there with such
2403
01:19:43,677 --> 01:19:45,156
enthusiasm and such honest,
2404
01:19:45,211 --> 01:19:46,781
just sincere patriotism and
2405
01:19:46,846 --> 01:19:48,257
discovered themselves just
2406
01:19:48,315 --> 01:19:51,125
in this chaotic world.
2407
01:19:51,184 --> 01:19:55,758
[Explosions, machine gun fire,
2408
01:20:02,162 --> 01:20:04,733
It really, to me, emotionally
2409
01:20:04,798 --> 01:20:05,798
hit home.
2410
01:20:05,832 --> 01:20:07,402
How that stays with you.
2411
01:20:07,467 --> 01:20:08,673
Once you've been through that.
2412
01:20:08,735 --> 01:20:10,942
Mike?
2413
01:20:11,004 --> 01:20:13,041
It's... it's like something
2414
01:20:13,106 --> 01:20:16,349
that, um...
2415
01:20:16,409 --> 01:20:17,888
A human shouldn't
2416
01:20:17,944 --> 01:20:19,617
have to experience.
2417
01:20:19,679 --> 01:20:23,252
That... that loss of control.
2418
01:20:23,316 --> 01:20:25,455
That having, really having to
2419
01:20:25,518 --> 01:20:27,930
give up on life, because you
2420
01:20:27,988 --> 01:20:29,558
don't know that you're gonna be
2421
01:20:29,622 --> 01:20:34,401
alive in an hour... in a day...
2422
01:20:34,461 --> 01:20:36,839
And that's, it's just something
2423
01:20:36,896 --> 01:20:38,398
that doesn't...
2424
01:20:38,465 --> 01:20:41,139
That doesn't go away.
2425
01:20:41,201 --> 01:20:42,703
It's a good thing that films
2426
01:20:42,769 --> 01:20:45,375
like Deer Hunter were made,
2427
01:20:45,438 --> 01:20:46,746
because it's an honest
2428
01:20:46,806 --> 01:20:48,945
representation of the emotion
2429
01:20:49,009 --> 01:20:51,546
of war, and I think people need
2430
01:20:51,611 --> 01:20:53,056
to know that.
2431
01:20:53,113 --> 01:20:55,889
We should not go to war easily
2432
01:20:55,949 --> 01:21:00,227
because the impact on people's
2433
01:21:00,320 --> 01:21:01,856
lives is permanent.
2434
01:21:07,927 --> 01:21:09,531
Film captured me,
2435
01:21:09,596 --> 01:21:11,075
as it does so many people,
2436
01:21:11,131 --> 01:21:12,439
when I was a kid.
2437
01:21:16,202 --> 01:21:18,341
As a child, there were no good
2438
01:21:18,405 --> 01:21:19,281
movies or bad movies.
2439
01:21:19,339 --> 01:21:20,340
There were just movies.
2440
01:21:28,148 --> 01:21:29,354
I grew up in a very poor
2441
01:21:29,416 --> 01:21:31,225
family and I think going to the
2442
01:21:31,284 --> 01:21:33,628
movie theater, the old walk-in
2443
01:21:33,686 --> 01:21:34,994
theater that cost maybe
2444
01:21:35,055 --> 01:21:37,331
20 cents...
2445
01:21:37,390 --> 01:21:39,131
It was the window to the world.
2446
01:21:39,192 --> 01:21:40,569
It largely took me, I think,
2447
01:21:40,627 --> 01:21:43,938
took me out of my own life.
2448
01:21:43,997 --> 01:21:45,101
So for a dime, I could
2449
01:21:45,165 --> 01:21:47,167
go and stay there all day and
2450
01:21:47,233 --> 01:21:49,713
watch three pictures and Pathé.
2451
01:21:49,769 --> 01:21:52,375
News and Mickey Mouse.
2452
01:21:52,439 --> 01:21:54,214
So my outlook was to watch film,
2453
01:21:54,274 --> 01:21:56,982
any film, and I did.
2454
01:21:57,043 --> 01:21:58,283
I loved them all
2455
01:21:58,344 --> 01:22:00,381
and I still do today.
2456
01:22:00,480 --> 01:22:02,289
I just loved the glamour of
2457
01:22:02,315 --> 01:22:05,023
life in film from the '30s and
2458
01:22:05,085 --> 01:22:07,531
'40s, like I wanted to have all
2459
01:22:07,587 --> 01:22:09,498
those glittering costumes and
2460
01:22:09,556 --> 01:22:11,467
I wanted Cary Grant to take me
2461
01:22:11,524 --> 01:22:13,765
out to dinner, but the closest
2462
01:22:13,827 --> 01:22:17,240
thing I have is film.
2463
01:22:17,297 --> 01:22:18,640
This is an art.
2464
01:22:18,698 --> 01:22:19,870
It's not just how to make money,
2465
01:22:19,933 --> 01:22:21,537
it's not just what we can sell
2466
01:22:21,601 --> 01:22:23,274
it as, but it's something
2467
01:22:23,336 --> 01:22:25,942
valuable that we should save.
2468
01:22:26,005 --> 01:22:27,177
This is part of who we are
2469
01:22:27,240 --> 01:22:28,617
as a culture and we need
2470
01:22:28,675 --> 01:22:29,312
to preserve it.
2471
01:22:29,375 --> 01:22:31,252
It's not a matter of, like,
2472
01:22:31,311 --> 01:22:32,221
"Should we?"
2473
01:22:32,278 --> 01:22:35,088
It's "How are we going to?"
2474
01:22:35,148 --> 01:22:36,923
We've got a job to preserve
2475
01:22:36,983 --> 01:22:38,656
the aspirations and the images
2476
01:22:38,718 --> 01:22:39,958
and the ideals and dreams of
2477
01:22:40,019 --> 01:22:41,692
millions and millions of people.
2478
01:22:41,754 --> 01:22:43,028
I think one thing we can say
2479
01:22:43,089 --> 01:22:44,568
is that 500 or a thousand years
2480
01:22:44,624 --> 01:22:45,830
from now, when people want to
2481
01:22:45,892 --> 01:22:47,098
know what life was like,
2482
01:22:47,160 --> 01:22:48,366
they will go to movies.
2483
01:22:48,428 --> 01:22:49,634
They will go to the moving image
2484
01:22:49,696 --> 01:22:51,141
materials that we created first,
2485
01:22:51,197 --> 01:22:52,335
because those are the time
2486
01:22:52,398 --> 01:22:54,537
capsules of our era.
2487
01:22:54,601 --> 01:22:56,171
They are now being preserved
2488
01:22:56,236 --> 01:22:58,011
and restored so that when we're
2489
01:22:58,071 --> 01:22:59,607
all long gone, as long as
2490
01:22:59,706 --> 01:23:00,912
there's something to watch films
2491
01:23:00,940 --> 01:23:02,078
with, they'll be able to see
2492
01:23:02,142 --> 01:23:03,587
these things.
2493
01:23:03,643 --> 01:23:04,849
The beauty of film is that
2494
01:23:04,911 --> 01:23:06,117
it's everybody's.
2495
01:23:06,179 --> 01:23:07,886
It's not just the socially
2496
01:23:07,947 --> 01:23:10,325
elite, it's everybody's.
2497
01:23:14,187 --> 01:23:15,188
Somebody says, "Why would you"
2498
01:23:15,255 --> 01:23:17,360
save movies?"
2499
01:23:17,423 --> 01:23:19,425
Well, I'd ask those people back,
2500
01:23:19,492 --> 01:23:20,300
"Why do you save
2501
01:23:20,360 --> 01:23:21,498
your family pictures?"
2502
01:23:27,000 --> 01:23:29,105
As a society, we want to do
2503
01:23:29,169 --> 01:23:30,169
the same thing.
2504
01:23:30,203 --> 01:23:32,410
We want to say who were we,
2505
01:23:32,472 --> 01:23:34,577
where are we now and what do we
2506
01:23:34,641 --> 01:23:35,915
want people in the future
2507
01:23:35,975 --> 01:23:37,716
to think about us?
2508
01:23:37,777 --> 01:23:39,450
It's our family album.
2509
01:24:14,414 --> 01:24:15,916
It is absolutely
2510
01:24:15,982 --> 01:24:18,428
imperative that we save the art
2511
01:24:18,484 --> 01:24:21,693
form of the 20th century.
2512
01:24:21,754 --> 01:24:23,563
I mean, how can we not?
2513
01:24:33,166 --> 01:24:36,739
Here's looking at you, kid.
2514
01:24:36,803 --> 01:24:38,510
Elaine!
2515
01:27:40,797 --> 01:27:41,797
Let's all go
2516
01:27:41,821 --> 01:27:43,630
to the lobby,
2517
01:27:43,689 --> 01:27:46,397
let's all go to the lobby.
2518
01:27:46,459 --> 01:27:49,201
Let's all go to the lobby
2519
01:27:49,262 --> 01:27:52,004
to get ourselves a treat.
2520
01:27:52,064 --> 01:27:53,168
Delicious things
2521
01:27:53,232 --> 01:27:54,836
to eat.
2522
01:27:54,901 --> 01:27:56,005
The popcorn can't
2523
01:27:56,068 --> 01:27:57,604
be beat.
2524
01:27:57,670 --> 01:27:58,478
The sparkling
2525
01:27:58,538 --> 01:28:00,643
drinks are just dandy.
2526
01:28:00,740 --> 01:28:01,844
The chocolate bars
2527
01:28:01,874 --> 01:28:03,114
and the candy.
2528
01:28:03,176 --> 01:28:06,385
So, let's all go to the lobby
2529
01:28:06,446 --> 01:28:09,427
to get ourselves a treat.
2530
01:28:09,482 --> 01:28:13,487
Let's all go to the lobby
2531
01:28:13,553 --> 01:28:17,023
to get ourselves a treat...
154029
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