All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.with.Dylan.Dreyer.S03E28.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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- NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
- SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU'RE WATCHING

TELEVISION THAT IS EDUCATIONAL

AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI THERE.

I'M DYLAN DREYER AND THIS IS

"EARTH ODYSSEY".

ON TODAY'S SHOW, WE'LL SEARCH

THE FLOOR AND CANOPY OF THE

AMAZON RAINFOREST FOR SOME OF

THE ANIMALS THAT KEEP THE CIRCLE

OF LIFE IN MOTION.

FIRST, WE TRY TO KEEP UP WITH A

RED HOWLER MONKEY AND LEARN WHY

AND HOW IT LIVES ON THE TOP OF

THE FOREST.

WE'LL GET A CLOSER LOOK AT THIS

UNUSUAL FISH AND SEE WHY IT'S

WISE TO HAVE ALL THESE EYES.

THEN, WHICH LITTLE INSECT IS

ANNOYING ENOUGH TO GET UNDER

THESE GIANT'S SKIN?

PLUS, WHO ARE THE BUSIEST

BEAVERS IN THE WORLD?

WE MIGHT HAVE FOUND THEM WHERE

YOU'D LEAST EXPECT.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THERE IS NO PLACE ON

EARTH MORE WILD, EXOTIC, AND

ALIVE THAN THE AMAZON

RAINFOREST.

SCIENTISTS SAY THERE COULD BE UP

TO 500 DIFFERENT SPECIES IN

EVERY TWO AND A HALF ACRES.

THINK ABOUT THAT.

500 DIFFERENT PLANTS, ANIMALS,

AND INSECTS ALL WITHIN A FEW

HUNDRED YARDS OF EACH OTHER.

- NOW, WE WON'T GET TO ALL OF THEM
- TODAY BUT WE WILL TRAVEL THE

- TERRAIN, CLIMB THE TREES, AND
- SOAR ON THE BREEZE TO DISCOVER

THE AMAZING CREATURES WHO MAKE

THIS RAINFOREST SO SPECIAL.

THE AMAZON COVERS THREE MILLION

SQUARE MILES OF SOUTH AMERICA.

- AND IF IT WERE ITS OWN COUNTRY,
- IT WOULD BE THE SIXTH LARGEST IN

THE WORLD.

IT HAS FORMED OVER THE LAST 15

MILLION YEARS, SINCE THE ANDES

MOUNTAINS BEGAN TO RISE, FORCING

THE AMAZON RIVER TO FLOW WEST TO

EAST.

TODAY, 60 PERCENT OF THE AMAZON

LIES IN BRAZIL AND THE REMAINING

40 PERCENT IS SPREAD ACROSS

EIGHT MORE COUNTRIES.

THIS VAST RAINFOREST STRADDLES

THE EQUATOR, MAKING IT

PERMANENTLY HOT AND WET.

THE IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR

CREATING AND MAINTAINING LIFE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: ITS VAST ARRAY OF

ANIMALS IS UNRIVALED ANYWHERE.

AND THE SECRET TO SUCCESS HERE

IS SPECIALIZATION.

THE BEHAVIOR OF CHOOSING VERY

SPECIFIC RESOURCES TO AVOID

CONFLICT WITH OTHER ANIMALS.

FOR THE ANIMALS THAT CAN REACH

IT, THE AMAZON'S CANOPY IS A

GREEN PARADISE.

150 FEET ABOVE GROUND, IT IS

OPEN AND BATHED IN SUNSHINE.

THE SUN PUMPS ENERGY INTO THE

AMAZON EVERYDAY.

WHILE COUNTLESS TRILLIONS OF

LEAVES PHOTOSYNTHESIZE IN 12

HOURS OF LIGHT 365 DAYS A YEAR.

THERE ARE MORE THAN 100 SPECIES

OF MONKEY IN THE BRAZILIAN

AMAZON ALONE.

- AND EACH HAS EVOLVED A DIFFERENT
- WAY OF COPING WITH THIS TREETOP

EXISTENCE.

- RED HOWLER MONKEYS TAKE IT
- STEADY AND CLIMB SLOWLY THROUGH

THE BRANCHES.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: THEY ARE ONE OF THE
- HEAVIEST MONKEYS IN THE FOREST

AND LIKE TO BE SURE WHERE

THEY'RE PUTTING THEIR FEET.

A MUSCULAR TAIL IS A BUILT-IN

SAFETY ROPE.

LIFE IN THE TREE ISN'T EASY BUT

IT DOES HAVE ADVANTAGES.

- ALTHOUGH GOOD CLIMBERS, THIS
- JAGUAR CAN'T GET TO THIS

PARTICULAR PREY.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: AND THIS RED HOWLER
- MONKEY HAS THE GREEN PARADISE OF

THE CANOPY TO THANK.

COMING UP, THE LINK BETWEEN

FLAMINGOS AND PINK.

- PLUS, NO TREE IS SAFE WHEN THESE
- TWO ARE AROUND.

[BREAK]

.

- NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
- MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: WELCOME TO THE ORINOCO
- RIVER.

THE THIRD LONGEST RIVER IN SOUTH

AMERICA, WHERE WE FIND A FISH

WHOSE BLESSED WITH DOUBLE

VISION.

THE FOUR-EYED FISH, THEY

ACTUALLY HAVE TWO EYES BUT EACH

IS SPLIT IN HALF SO IT CAN FOCUS

ABOVE AND BELOW THE SURFACE.

LIKE PRIMITIVE MUDSKIPPERS, THEY

OCCASIONALLY BEACH THEMSELVES IN

SEARCH OF FOOD.

BUT THE MUD BANK'S MOST

FLAMBOYANT RESIDENTS STAY WELL

OUT OF REACH.

FIDDLER CRABS.

AT LOW TIDE, THE MALES PUT ON A

LITTLE SHOW.

- SOME ARE LEFT-CLAWED, OTHERS
- RIGHT.

EACH HAS HIS OWN SPECIAL STYLE

AND IT'S ALL ABOUT ONE UPPING

YOUR NEAREST RIVALS.

BUT WHILE SOME FOCUS ON

ATTRACTING MATES, OTHERS TURN

- THEIR ATTENTION TO COLLECTING
- FOOD WITH THEIR SMALLER, MORE

EFFICIENT CLAW.

THE MUDBANKS ARE ONLY EXPOSED

FOR A FEW HOURS AND MICROSCOPIC

FOOD TAKES A LOT OF GATHERING.

IN THE END, IT'S BEST TO BE

AMBIDEXTROUS.

BUT FOOD AND FLIRTING ARE

FORGOTTEN WHEN DANGER LOOMS.

SQUADRONS OF SCARLET IBIS ARRIVE

TO HARVEST THE MUD FLAT'S

BOUNTY.

FIDDLER CRABS MAKE UP TWO THIRDS

OF THE IBIS'S DIET.

AND GIVE THEM THEIR BEAUTIFUL

SCARLET COLOR.

- THE IBIS HAVE JUST THREE HOURS
- UNTIL THE TIDE RISES AND THEIR

PREY DISAPPEARS BENEATH THE

WAVES.

MORE AND MORE GATHER IN PRIME

FEEDING SPOTS.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: AS THE TIDE ADVANCES,
- THEY RETREAT.

THEN, AS ONE, THE FLOCK DECIDES

IT'S TIME TO GO.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WITH THE TIDE REACHING

ITS PEAK, THERE ARE FEW PLACES

FOR THE IBIS TO GATHER.

BUT COME EVENING, WAVE UPON WAVE

OF WHIRLING SCARLET RIBBONS HEAD

FOR THE DELTA'S OUTER REACHES.

- THE ADULTS ARE JOINED BY THEIR
- OFFSPRING WHO HAVE YET TO

DEVELOP THEIR PARENT'S VIVID

PLUMAGE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: FLOCKS FROM ACROSS THE

DELTA CHOOSE THE SAME TALL

TREES, AS FAR AS POSSIBLE FROM

PREDATORS.

THIS WAY, THEY CAN RELAX AND

ENJOY SOME PEACE WITH THEIR

FEATHERED FAMILY.

COMING UP, MACAW-ING ALL BIRD

LOVERS.

WE FIND OUT WHO BENEFITS THE

MOST FROM THE PRESENCE OF

RANCHERS AND CATTLE.

- PLUS, NO TREE IS SAFE WHEN THESE
- TWO ARE AROUND.

[BREAK]

.

- NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
- MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WELCOME BACK.

- AS THE LARGEST WETLAND ON EARTH,
- THE PANTANAL IS HOME TO A

REMARKABLE NUMBER OF FISH

SPECIES THAT RULE THE RIVERS IN

BOTH THE DRY AND FLOOD SEASONS.

- WITH ALL OF THIS WATER, YOU
- MIGHT EXPECT THERE ARE MORE FISH

- SPECIES IN THE PANTANAL THAN ANY
- OTHER ANIMAL.

BUT THERE ARE ACTUALLY TWICE AS

MANY BIRD SPECIES.

LET'S HEAD TO THE WETLANDS TO

GET A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE

FEATHERED FRIENDS WHO POPULATE

THE PANTANAL.

- ONE ANIMAL THAT BENEFITS FROM
- THE RANCHERS IN THE PANTANAL

REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA IS THE

LARGEST PARROT ON THE PLANET.

THE HYACINTH MACAW.

IT FEEDS ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON

PALM NUTS.

AND IT PREFERS THOSE WHO HUSKS

HAVE ALREADY BEEN DIGESTED BY

CATTLE.

EVEN DE-HUSKED, THESE ARE

PARTICULARLY HARD NUTS TO CRACK.

SO HARD THAT A THIRD OF ALL THE

MACAW'S MUSCLES ARE CONCENTRATED

IN ITS HEAD TO POWER ITS

MONSTROUS MANDIBLES.

BUT BRUTE STRENGTH IS NOT

ENOUGH.

AS WELL AS ITS BEAK, THE HIGHLY

INTELLIGENT PARROT USES ITS

HANDLIKE FEET, FLEXIBLE TONGUE

AND AWESOME BRAINPOWER TO

HARVEST THE NUTRITIOUS KERNELS

HIDDEN INSIDE.

THREE QUARTERS OF ALL HYACINTH

MACAWS LIVE IN THE PANTANAL.

- THEY THRIVE ONLY WHERE THERE ARE
- PLENTY OF PALM NUTS AND PLENTY

OF CATTLE TO HELP PREPARE THEM.

EVERY CATTLE PASTURE HAS A WATER

HOLE.

AS THE DRY SEASON TIGHTENS ITS

GRIP, STRANGE NOISES EMANATE

FROM WITHIN.

CAYMAN ARE FORCED TOGETHER IN

THESE DWINDLING POOLS.

BEING SO TIGHTLY PACKED PROVOKES

PRIMAL INSTINCTS.

THE GRUNT OF A SINGLE FEMALE

SPARKS THE CHORUS.

THE MALE RESPONDS WITH

INFRASONIC BOOMS POWERFUL ENOUGH

TO MAKE THE WATER DANCE.

THEY'RE ESTABLISHING A

HIERARCHY.

THE BIGGER THE MALE, THE MORE

IMPRESSIVE THE DISPLAY.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: WHEN IT COMES TO
- COURTING, THE FEMALES WILL KNOW

WHO TO PICK.

- FOR MUCH OF THE YEAR, THE CAYMAN
- HUNT UNDER THE COVER OF

DARKNESS.

BUT NOW, WITH PREY STRANDED IN

INCREASINGLY SHALLOW WATER,

FISHING IS EASY.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: AS THE SUN RISES, THE

CAYMAN COME OUT TO BASK.

THEY MUST RAISE THEIR BODY

TEMPERATURE TO 86 DEGREES

FAHRENHEIT TO BETTER DIGEST

THEIR BREAKFAST.

AS MANY AS 35 MILLION CAYMAN

LURK HERE.

THE BIGGEST CONCENTRATION OF

REPTILES ON THE PLANET.

THE PANTANAL WOULD SEEM TO BE A

CAYMAN PARADISE BUT THE

TEMPERATURES SOON SOARS TO MORE

THAN 104 DEGREES.

- AND BITING FLIES FIND
- VULNERABILITIES IN THE REPTILE'S

ARMOR.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: THE INSECTS FORCE THEM
- TO RETREAT.

- THE WARMING WATER IN THE
- PANTANAL'S POOLS GRADUALLY GIVES

UP ITS OXYGEN, LEAVING TRAPPED

FISH EXPOSED TO PREY.

BIRDS FLY IN FROM FAR AND WIDE

TO JOIN THE FEAST.

WOOD STORKS WORKING IN TEAMS

PROBE FOR PREY WITH BEAKS AND

FEET.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: JABIRU STORKS WORK ALONE

USING SIGHT AS WELL AS TOUCH TO

DOUBLE THEIR CHANCES.

- THEY CARE LITTLE ABOUT PASSING
- CAYMAN.

THEY JUST NEED TO CATCH AS MANY

FISH AS POSSIBLE.

- AT THIS TIME OF YEAR, THEY'LL
- WORK AS LONG AS THERE'S LIGHT TO

FISH BY BECAUSE THEY'VE GOT A

NEST FULL OF GIANT CHICKS TO

FEED.

JABIRUS COINCIDE THEIR BREEDING

WITH THIS SEASONAL BOUNTY.

- USUALLY, THEY'LL REAR JUST TWO
- CHICKS.

FOUR SIGNALS A PARTICULARLY DRY

YEAR.

IT'S A BIG COMMITMENT FOR THEIR

HARDWORKING PARENTS.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: AS WELL AS FERRYING
- FISH, THEY NEED TO KEEP AN EYE

ON THE NEST.

SUCH A LARGE, PRECARIOUS

PLATFORM NEEDS CONSTANT

REBUILDING.

ESPECIALLY AS NOISY NEIGHBORS

SEEM INTENT ON DISMANTLING IT.

MONK PARAKEETS HAVE MOVED IN

DOWNSTAIRS.

- THEIR SQUABBLING DOESN'T GIVE
- THE STORKS MUCH PEACE BUT AT

LEAST THE MOTHER JABIRU LEAVES

HER YOUNG IN A WELL-ALARMED

HOME.

COMING UP, NO TREE IS SAFE WHEN

THESE TWO ARE AROUND.

[BREAK]

.

- NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
- MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

- DYLAN: THE FORESTS OF SOUTHERN
- BEACH TREES ON THESE PATAGONIAN

ISLANDS CONTAIN SOME OF THE

HEARTIEST TREES IN THE WORLD.

- THEY THRIVE IN THIN SOIL,
- TOLERATE GALE-FORCE WINDS, AND

SURVIVE TEMPERATURES AS LOW AS

MINUS 20 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

- BUT THEY ARE SUCCUMBING TO A NEW
- ENEMY.

BEAVERS.

- THIS MALE WORKS HARD TO
- STOCKPILE FOOD FOR HIS FAMILY

BEFORE THE WINTER TAKES HOLD.

IN A FEW SHORT WEEKS, HIS POND

WILL FREEZE OVER BUT HE'LL STILL

- BE ABLE TO ACCESS HIS UNDERWATER
- PANTRY.

HIS THICK, OILY COAT KEEPS HIM

WARM IN THE ICY WATER.

LIKE ALL RODENTS, THIS BEAVER

HAS AN INSATIABLE DESIRE TO

CHEW.

HIS CHISEL-LIKE TEETH NEVER STOP

GROWING, SO HE NEEDS TO GNAW

WOOD TO WEAR THEM DOWN.

THIS MALE IS DESCENDED FROM JUST

A FEW DOZEN CANADIAN BEAVERS

- THAT WERE RELEASED IN TIERRA DEL
- FUEGO IN THE 1940'S.

THE BEAVERS THRIVED.

TODAY, HE'S ONE OF MORE THAN

100,000 BEAVERS HERE AND THEIR

DAMS HAVE FLOODED SIGNIFICANT

ACREAGE IN TIERRA DEL FUEGO.

THESE FORESTS CAN'T REGENERATE

FROM THE STUMP, SO BEAVER DAMAGE

KILLS THEM OUTRIGHT.

BEAVER DAMS TURN PRISTINE

STREAMS INTO STAGNANT PONDS.

NATIVE ANIMALS SUCH AS THESE

AUSTRAL PARAKEETS ARE STRUGGLING

TO ADJUST AS A RESULT.

THESE LITTLE BIRDS LIVE FARTHER

SOUTH THAN ANY OTHER PARROT IN

THE WORLD.

AS BEAVERS CUT DOWN MORE AND

MORE TREES, THE PARAKEET'S FOOD

SUPPLY AND POTENTIAL HOMES ARE

RUNNING OUT.

- THERE'S ANOTHER BIRD HERE THAT
- SEEMS TO BE THRIVING IN THE WAKE

OF THE BEAVER'S DESTRUCTION.

THE MAGELLANIC WOODPECKER.

A RED-HEADED MALE FORAGES WITH

HIS FAMILY.

DECAYING LOGS FELLED BY BEAVERS

ARE PRIME HABITAT FOR GRUBS.

AND THE WOODPECKERS HAVE THE

PERFECT TOOLS TO DISLODGE THEM.

THE BEAK IS HARD AND LIKE THE

BEAVER'S TEETH, NEVER STOPS

GROWING.

IT'S WORN DOWN BY THE BIRD'S

INCESSANT HAMMERING.

HUGE FEET HAVE TOES THAT FACE

BOTH FORWARDS AND BACKWARDS,

HELPING THEM KEEP A FIRM GRIP

AND SPECIALLY STIFFENED

- TAILFEATHERS BRACE AGAINST THE
- TREE LIKE THE THIRD LEG OF A

TRIPOD.

BUT THE WOODPECKER'S SECRET

WEAPON IS ITS TONGUE.

COVERED IN STICKY SALIVA AND

BARBED AT THE END, IT'S THE

IDEAL TOOL FOR GRABBING JUICY

PREY.

THE WOODPECKER'S TONGUE IS ALSO

A BUILT-IN SHOCK ABSORBER.

THE TONGUE IS ALMOST AS LONG

AS THE BIRD'S BODY AND IT

- WRAPS AROUND THE
- WOODPECKER'S SKULL, HELPING

PROTECT ITS BRAIN FROM THE

IMPACT OF DRILLING FOR GRUBS.

- BUT THE WOODPECKER'S BOOM TIME
- WON'T LAST.

BEAVER-DAMAGED TREES ROT AWAY TO

NOTHING AND THE FORESTS ARE

SHRINKING.

- EVENTUALLY, THERE WON'T BE
- ENOUGH TREES TO SUPPORT

WOODPECKERS AT ALL.

THANKS FOR JOINING ME ON THIS

SPECTACULAR JOURNEY THROUGH THE

GREATEST PLACES ON EARTH.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME FOR

ANOTHER "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]