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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,138 --> 00:00:05,271 . 2 00:00:06,206 --> 00:00:07,340 - NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS - SYMBOL YOU KNOW YOU'RE WATCHING 3 00:00:08,241 --> 00:00:10,010 TELEVISION THAT IS EDUCATIONAL 4 00:00:10,011 --> 00:00:11,777 AND INFORMATIONAL. 5 00:00:11,778 --> 00:00:14,848 THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC. 6 00:00:15,548 --> 00:00:17,751 - DYLAN: HI, I'M DYLAN - DREYER, AND WE'RE ABOUT TO 7 00:00:17,754 --> 00:00:19,553 EMBARK ON ANOTHER "EARTH 8 00:00:19,554 --> 00:00:21,353 ODYSSEY". 9 00:00:21,354 --> 00:00:22,806 TODAY, WE HEAD TO SOUTH 10 00:00:22,807 --> 00:00:24,256 AMERICA AND VISIT ONE OF 11 00:00:24,257 --> 00:00:25,892 THE LARGEST WATERWAYS IN 12 00:00:25,893 --> 00:00:27,526 THE WORLD, THE ORINOCO 13 00:00:27,527 --> 00:00:28,594 RIVER. 14 00:00:28,595 --> 00:00:30,097 WE'LL GET A CLOSER LOOK AT 15 00:00:30,098 --> 00:00:31,597 THIS UNUSUAL FISH AND SEE 16 00:00:31,598 --> 00:00:33,283 WHY IT'S WISE TO HAVE ALL 17 00:00:33,284 --> 00:00:34,967 THESE EYES. 18 00:00:34,968 --> 00:00:36,536 THEN, FIND OUT HOW IT FELT 19 00:00:36,537 --> 00:00:38,103 TO BE THE FIRST EXPLORERS 20 00:00:38,104 --> 00:00:39,406 TO DISCOVER THE WILDEST 21 00:00:39,407 --> 00:00:40,706 ANIMALS FROM THIS FOREIGN 22 00:00:40,707 --> 00:00:43,442 LAND. 23 00:00:43,443 --> 00:00:45,378 [MUSIC] 24 00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:05,799 - DYLAN: THE AMAZON RIVER - IS BY FAR THE LARGEST IN 25 00:01:05,802 --> 00:01:07,240 THE WORLD, AND ITS RICH 26 00:01:07,241 --> 00:01:08,679 FLOWING WATER SUPPORTS 27 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:09,692 MILLIONS OF EXOTIC 28 00:01:09,693 --> 00:01:10,703 SPECIES, BUT THERE'S 29 00:01:10,704 --> 00:01:11,939 ANOTHER EPIC SOUTH 30 00:01:11,940 --> 00:01:13,172 AMERICAN RIVER THAT'S 31 00:01:13,173 --> 00:01:14,708 OFTEN OVERLOOKED, THE 32 00:01:14,709 --> 00:01:16,241 ORINOCO RIVER. 33 00:01:16,242 --> 00:01:18,211 - LIKE THE NEIGHBORING - AMAZON, THE ORINOCO 34 00:01:18,214 --> 00:01:20,011 DOESN'T JUST SUPPORT 35 00:01:20,012 --> 00:01:21,809 ANIMALS WHO THRIVE IN ITS 36 00:01:21,810 --> 00:01:23,197 WATER, IT ALSO GIVES LIFE 37 00:01:23,198 --> 00:01:24,583 TO THOSE AROUND IT. 38 00:01:24,584 --> 00:01:25,986 WHETHER THEY WALK ON FOUR 39 00:01:25,987 --> 00:01:27,386 LEGS, TWO LEGS, OR FLY 40 00:01:27,387 --> 00:01:29,589 - HIGH IN THE AIR, YOU'RE - ABOUT TO MEET SOME 41 00:01:29,592 --> 00:01:31,174 FASCINATING SOUTH AMERICAN 42 00:01:31,175 --> 00:01:32,758 NATIVES WHO CALL THE 43 00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:35,527 ORINOCO HOME. 44 00:01:35,528 --> 00:01:37,897 - WHEN CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS - DISCOVERED THE MOUTH OF 45 00:01:37,900 --> 00:01:39,799 THE ORINOCO, HE DESCRIBED 46 00:01:39,800 --> 00:01:41,700 IT AS THE GATEWAY TO 47 00:01:41,701 --> 00:01:43,569 CELESTIAL PARADISE. 48 00:01:43,570 --> 00:01:45,138 IT WAS SO LARGE, HE 49 00:01:45,139 --> 00:01:46,705 REALIZED THE RIVER DRAINED 50 00:01:46,706 --> 00:01:48,241 NOT JUST AN ISLAND, BUT AN 51 00:01:48,242 --> 00:01:49,776 ENTIRE CONTINENT. 52 00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:55,432 IN TERMS OF VOLUME, IT'S 53 00:01:55,433 --> 00:01:56,749 THE LARGEST RIVER IN THE 54 00:01:56,750 --> 00:01:59,685 WORLD. 55 00:01:59,686 --> 00:02:01,755 FLOWING 1,500 MILES, THE 56 00:02:01,756 --> 00:02:03,822 ORINOCO IS ALSO THE THIRD 57 00:02:03,823 --> 00:02:05,108 LONGEST RIVER IN SOUTH 58 00:02:05,109 --> 00:02:06,393 AMERICA. 59 00:02:08,862 --> 00:02:10,416 IT CURLS AROUND THE 60 00:02:10,417 --> 00:02:11,969 NORTHEAST CORNER LIKE A 61 00:02:11,970 --> 00:02:13,669 GIGANTIC FISH HOOK, 62 00:02:13,670 --> 00:02:15,367 DRAINING MORE THAN 380,000 63 00:02:15,368 --> 00:02:17,153 SQUARE MILES OF VENEZUELA, 64 00:02:17,154 --> 00:02:18,938 COLOMBIA, AND BRAZIL. 65 00:02:21,307 --> 00:02:22,542 AT THE RIVER'S MOUTH, THE 66 00:02:22,543 --> 00:02:23,776 ORINOCO DELTA STRETCHES 67 00:02:23,777 --> 00:02:25,095 THREE HUNDRED MILES ALONG 68 00:02:25,096 --> 00:02:26,412 THE COAST OF NORTHEAST 69 00:02:26,413 --> 00:02:28,481 VENEZUELA. 70 00:02:36,756 --> 00:02:38,124 MANGROVES UNDERPIN THIS 71 00:02:38,125 --> 00:02:39,491 SALTY SWAMP. 72 00:02:39,492 --> 00:02:41,294 - THEY'RE THE ONLY TREES - THAT CAN WITHSTAND THE 73 00:02:41,297 --> 00:02:43,029 CHANGES BROUGHT BY DAILY 74 00:02:43,030 --> 00:02:44,763 TIDES. 75 00:02:44,764 --> 00:02:46,149 THEIR ROOTS SLOW THE 76 00:02:46,150 --> 00:02:47,533 PASSING CURRENTS, GRABBING 77 00:02:47,534 --> 00:02:49,169 SEDIMENT AND CREATING 78 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:50,803 STABLE FOUNDATIONS FOR A 79 00:02:50,804 --> 00:02:52,039 MAZE OF MORE THAN THREE 80 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:53,272 HUNDRED FORESTED 81 00:02:53,273 --> 00:02:55,342 WATERWAYS. 82 00:03:04,617 --> 00:03:06,152 THESE FORESTS ARE ALSO 83 00:03:06,153 --> 00:03:07,687 HOME TO A FIERCE FELINE... 84 00:03:12,492 --> 00:03:14,593 ...THE PUMA. 85 00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:16,128 [PUMA GROWLING] 86 00:03:16,129 --> 00:03:18,198 - DYLAN: RANGING FROM THE - CANADIAN ROCKIES TO THE 87 00:03:18,201 --> 00:03:19,666 ARGENTINIAN PAMPAS, IT'S 88 00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:21,133 GATHERED MORE THAN 40 89 00:03:21,134 --> 00:03:22,969 NAMES, MORE THAN ANY OTHER 90 00:03:22,970 --> 00:03:24,803 ANIMAL IN THE WORLD. 91 00:03:24,804 --> 00:03:28,240 [GROWLING CONTINUES] 92 00:03:28,241 --> 00:03:29,543 DYLAN: IN VENEZUELA, IT'S 93 00:03:29,544 --> 00:03:30,843 CALLED LEON, THOUGH IT'S 94 00:03:30,844 --> 00:03:32,329 MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO 95 00:03:32,330 --> 00:03:33,812 THE DOMESTIC CAT THAN TO 96 00:03:33,813 --> 00:03:35,882 THE AFRICAN LION. 97 00:03:43,857 --> 00:03:45,342 THE SECRET TO ITS SURVIVAL 98 00:03:45,343 --> 00:03:46,825 LIES IN ITS WILLINGNESS TO 99 00:03:46,826 --> 00:03:48,612 EAT ANYTHING FROM TINY 100 00:03:48,613 --> 00:03:50,397 INSECTS TO LARGE MAMMALS. 101 00:03:55,669 --> 00:03:57,104 BUT IN THE DELTA, SALTY 102 00:03:57,105 --> 00:03:58,537 WATER MEANS PREY IS 103 00:03:58,538 --> 00:04:00,357 SPARSE, AND MOST STAYS 104 00:04:00,358 --> 00:04:02,174 WELL OUT OF REACH. 105 00:04:02,175 --> 00:04:03,660 WITH LITTLE FOOD, THE 106 00:04:03,661 --> 00:04:05,144 ADAPTABLE PUMA IS RARE 107 00:04:05,145 --> 00:04:07,213 HERE. 108 00:04:13,319 --> 00:04:14,954 THE TIDAL FORESTS ARE 109 00:04:14,955 --> 00:04:16,588 DOMINATED BY SPECIALISTS, 110 00:04:16,589 --> 00:04:18,090 BIZARRE CREATURES THAT 111 00:04:18,091 --> 00:04:19,589 HAVE GONE TO EXTRAORDINARY 112 00:04:19,590 --> 00:04:20,926 LENGTHS TO MAKE A LIVING 113 00:04:20,927 --> 00:04:22,261 AT THIS WILD FRONTIER 114 00:04:22,262 --> 00:04:24,330 BETWEEN LAND AND SEA. 115 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:34,124 THE HOATZIN HAS TAKEN TO 116 00:04:34,125 --> 00:04:35,408 EATING LEAVES. 117 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:40,181 RAISED ON SUCH LOW-ENERGY 118 00:04:40,182 --> 00:04:41,580 FOOD, THE CHICKS GROW 119 00:04:41,581 --> 00:04:44,583 SLOWLY. 120 00:04:44,584 --> 00:04:46,136 LAST YEAR'S BROOD HELPS 121 00:04:46,137 --> 00:04:47,687 OUT, ACTING AS SENTRIES. 122 00:04:53,293 --> 00:04:55,127 THE MOTHER HAS BUILT HER 123 00:04:55,128 --> 00:04:56,959 NEST OVER WATER, OUT OF 124 00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:58,080 THE REACH OF PUMAS, BUT 125 00:04:58,081 --> 00:04:59,198 WELL WITHIN RANGE OF 126 00:04:59,199 --> 00:05:01,267 ANOTHER FOREST HUNTER. 127 00:05:07,540 --> 00:05:09,492 A TREE BOA, USUALLY, IT'S 128 00:05:09,493 --> 00:05:11,443 AN AMBUSH PREDATOR, BUT 129 00:05:11,444 --> 00:05:12,957 EVERY NOW AND THEN, ITS 130 00:05:12,958 --> 00:05:14,470 PATIENCE WEARS THIN. 131 00:05:29,963 --> 00:05:32,332 THE HOATZIN LOOKOUTS SOON 132 00:05:32,333 --> 00:05:34,700 SPOT IT. 133 00:05:34,701 --> 00:05:36,219 LUCKILY FOR THE HOATZIN, 134 00:05:36,220 --> 00:05:37,736 THEIR SCOLDING SENDS THE 135 00:05:37,737 --> 00:05:39,656 SNAKE IN SEARCH OF EASIER 136 00:05:39,657 --> 00:05:41,573 PREY. 137 00:05:41,574 --> 00:05:42,976 COMING UP, THE LINK 138 00:05:42,977 --> 00:05:44,376 BETWEEN FLAMINGOS AND 139 00:05:44,377 --> 00:05:45,778 PINK. 140 00:05:45,779 --> 00:05:47,114 PLUS, FIND OUT WHAT LIFE 141 00:05:47,115 --> 00:05:48,447 IS LIKE FOR LOCALS ON THE 142 00:05:48,448 --> 00:05:50,517 ORINOCO RIVER. 143 00:05:54,387 --> 00:05:59,292 . 144 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:02,929 - NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE - MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC 145 00:06:16,209 --> 00:06:18,645 - DYLAN: WELCOME BACK TO THE - ORINOCO RIVER, WHERE WE 146 00:06:18,648 --> 00:06:19,930 FIND A FISH WHO'S BLESSED 147 00:06:19,931 --> 00:06:21,214 WITH DOUBLE VISION. 148 00:06:27,487 --> 00:06:29,189 THE FOUR-EYED FISH, THEY 149 00:06:29,190 --> 00:06:30,889 ACTUALLY HAVE TWO EYES, 150 00:06:30,890 --> 00:06:32,915 BUT EACH IS SPLIT IN HALF 151 00:06:32,916 --> 00:06:34,939 SO IT CAN FOCUS ABOVE AND 152 00:06:34,940 --> 00:06:36,162 BELOW THE SURFACE. 153 00:06:39,799 --> 00:06:41,568 - LIKE PRIMITIVE - MUDSKIPPERS, THEY 154 00:06:41,571 --> 00:06:43,370 - OCCASIONALLY BEACH - THEMSELVES IN SEARCH OF 155 00:06:43,373 --> 00:06:45,672 FOOD, BUT THE MUDBANKS' 156 00:06:45,673 --> 00:06:47,973 MOST FLAMBOYANT RESIDENTS 157 00:06:47,974 --> 00:06:51,477 STAY WELL OUT OF REACH... 158 00:06:51,478 --> 00:06:53,546 ...FIDDLER CRABS. 159 00:06:57,417 --> 00:06:58,869 AT LOW TIDE, THE MALES PUT 160 00:06:58,870 --> 00:07:00,320 ON A LITTLE SHOW. 161 00:07:04,424 --> 00:07:05,847 SOME ARE LEFT-CLAWED, 162 00:07:05,848 --> 00:07:07,270 OTHERS, RIGHT. 163 00:07:11,231 --> 00:07:12,816 EACH HAS HIS OWN SPECIAL 164 00:07:12,817 --> 00:07:14,400 STYLE, AND IT'S ALL ABOUT 165 00:07:14,401 --> 00:07:16,469 - ONE-UPPING YOUR NEAREST - RIVALS. 166 00:07:24,310 --> 00:07:25,890 BUT WHILE SOME FOCUS ON 167 00:07:25,891 --> 00:07:27,469 ATTRACTING MATES, OTHERS 168 00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:29,382 - TURN THEIR ATTENTION TO - COLLECTING FOOD WITH THEIR 169 00:07:29,385 --> 00:07:31,451 - SMALLER, MORE EFFICIENT - CLAW. 170 00:07:38,358 --> 00:07:40,160 THE MUDBANKS ARE ONLY 171 00:07:40,161 --> 00:07:41,960 EXPOSED FOR A FEW HOURS, 172 00:07:41,961 --> 00:07:43,413 AND MICROSCOPIC FOOD TAKES 173 00:07:43,414 --> 00:07:44,864 A LOT OF GATHERING. 174 00:07:47,801 --> 00:07:49,253 IN THE END, IT'S BEST TO 175 00:07:49,254 --> 00:07:50,704 BE AMBIDEXTROUS. 176 00:07:58,144 --> 00:07:59,663 BUT FOOD AND FLIRTING ARE 177 00:07:59,664 --> 00:08:01,180 FORGOTTEN WHEN DANGER 178 00:08:01,181 --> 00:08:05,150 LOOMS. 179 00:08:05,151 --> 00:08:06,703 SQUADRONS OF SCARLET IBIS 180 00:08:06,704 --> 00:08:08,253 ARRIVE TO HARVEST THE 181 00:08:08,254 --> 00:08:10,422 MUDFLATS' BOUNTY. 182 00:08:10,423 --> 00:08:12,625 - FIDDLER CRABS MAKE UP - TWO-THIRDS OF THE IBIS' 183 00:08:12,628 --> 00:08:14,160 DIET AND GIVE THEM THEIR 184 00:08:14,161 --> 00:08:15,695 BEAUTIFUL SCARLET COLOR. 185 00:08:25,472 --> 00:08:27,140 THE IBIS HAVE JUST THREE 186 00:08:27,141 --> 00:08:28,807 HOURS UNTIL THE TIDE RISES 187 00:08:28,808 --> 00:08:30,176 AND THEIR PREY DISAPPEARS 188 00:08:30,177 --> 00:08:31,544 BENEATH THE WAVES. 189 00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:40,920 MORE AND MORE GATHER IN 190 00:08:40,921 --> 00:08:42,288 PRIME FEEDING SPOTS. 191 00:08:49,629 --> 00:08:50,997 AS THE TIDE ADVANCES, THEY 192 00:08:50,998 --> 00:08:52,365 RETREAT. 193 00:08:55,235 --> 00:08:57,020 THEN AS ONE, THE FLOCK 194 00:08:57,021 --> 00:08:58,805 DECIDES IT'S TIME TO GO. 195 00:09:18,491 --> 00:09:20,827 - WITH THE TIDE REACHING ITS - PEAK, THERE ARE FEW PLACES 196 00:09:20,830 --> 00:09:22,479 FOR THE IBIS TO GATHER, 197 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:24,129 BUT COME EVENING, WAVE 198 00:09:24,130 --> 00:09:25,799 UPON WAVE OF WHIRLING 199 00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:27,466 SCARLET RIBBONS HEAD FOR 200 00:09:27,467 --> 00:09:31,369 THE DELTA'S OUTER REACHES. 201 00:09:31,370 --> 00:09:33,273 - THE ADULTS ARE JOINED BY - THEIR OFFSPRING, WHO HAVE 202 00:09:33,276 --> 00:09:34,725 YET TO DEVELOP THEIR 203 00:09:34,726 --> 00:09:36,176 PARENTS' VIVID PLUMAGE. 204 00:09:45,819 --> 00:09:47,287 FLOCKS FROM ACROSS THE 205 00:09:47,288 --> 00:09:48,754 DELTA CHOOSE THE SAME TALL 206 00:09:48,755 --> 00:09:51,091 TREES AS FAR AS POSSIBLE 207 00:09:51,092 --> 00:09:53,425 FROM PREDATORS. 208 00:09:53,426 --> 00:09:54,995 THIS WAY, THEY CAN RELAX 209 00:09:54,996 --> 00:09:56,562 AND ENJOY SOME PEACE WITH 210 00:09:56,563 --> 00:09:59,198 THEIR FEATHERED FAMILY. 211 00:09:59,199 --> 00:10:01,101 - COMING UP, DISCOVER THE - LOCALS OF THE ORINOCO 212 00:10:01,104 --> 00:10:03,270 RIVER AND THEIR SKILLFUL 213 00:10:03,271 --> 00:10:05,437 FISHING TECHNIQUES. 214 00:10:05,438 --> 00:10:07,807 - PLUS, WHO WERE THE FIRST - EXPLORERS TO DISCOVER THIS 215 00:10:07,810 --> 00:10:09,192 RIVER, AND WHO WAS THERE 216 00:10:09,193 --> 00:10:10,576 TO GREET THEM WHEN THEY 217 00:10:10,577 --> 00:10:12,645 FIRST ARRIVED? 218 00:10:16,490 --> 00:10:21,354 . 219 00:10:21,955 --> 00:10:24,524 - NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE - MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC 220 00:10:36,736 --> 00:10:37,704 DYLAN: WELCOME BACK. 221 00:10:37,705 --> 00:10:39,089 THE ORINOCO RIVER IS HOME 222 00:10:39,090 --> 00:10:40,472 TO ALL TYPES OF WILD 223 00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:41,473 ANIMALS. 224 00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:42,809 IT'S NOT ONLY USE FOR FOOD 225 00:10:42,810 --> 00:10:44,143 AND WATER, BUT ALSO AS 226 00:10:44,144 --> 00:10:45,779 SHELTER FOR PREDATOR, 227 00:10:45,780 --> 00:10:47,413 PREY, AND PEOPLE WHOSE 228 00:10:47,414 --> 00:10:48,782 FAMILIES HAVE BEEN NESTLED 229 00:10:48,783 --> 00:10:50,149 ALONG THE SHORELINE FOR 230 00:10:50,150 --> 00:10:52,117 THOUSANDS OF YEARS. 231 00:10:52,118 --> 00:10:54,254 - THEIR WAY OF LIFE TODAY - ISN'T MUCH DIFFERENT FROM 232 00:10:54,257 --> 00:10:55,489 HOW THEY LIVED WHEN THE 233 00:10:55,490 --> 00:10:56,722 FIRST EUROPEAN EXPLORERS 234 00:10:56,723 --> 00:10:58,675 CAME TO SOUTH AMERICA IN 235 00:10:58,676 --> 00:11:00,626 THE EARLY 1500S. 236 00:11:00,627 --> 00:11:03,295 TAKE A LOOK. 237 00:11:03,296 --> 00:11:04,414 WHILE WILDLIFE ON THE 238 00:11:04,415 --> 00:11:05,531 ORINOCO RIVER IS 239 00:11:05,532 --> 00:11:07,351 EVERYWHERE, THE WARAO ARE 240 00:11:07,352 --> 00:11:09,168 THE ONLY PEOPLE TO HAVE 241 00:11:09,169 --> 00:11:10,704 MADE THE ORINOCO DELTA 242 00:11:10,705 --> 00:11:12,238 THEIR PERMANENT HOME. 243 00:11:14,708 --> 00:11:15,959 KNOWN AS THE CANOE PEOPLE, 244 00:11:15,960 --> 00:11:17,209 THEY'VE CHOSEN A 245 00:11:17,210 --> 00:11:19,279 PRECARIOUS WAY OF LIFE. 246 00:11:23,817 --> 00:11:25,552 THE WARAO CALL THE DELTA 247 00:11:25,553 --> 00:11:27,286 WARINOCO, "THE PLACE TO 248 00:11:27,287 --> 00:11:29,356 PADDLE". 249 00:11:33,927 --> 00:11:35,128 THEIR VILLAGES INSPIRED 250 00:11:35,129 --> 00:11:36,328 EXPLORERS TO NAME THE 251 00:11:36,329 --> 00:11:37,781 COUNTRY LITTLE VENICE, 252 00:11:37,782 --> 00:11:39,232 HENCE, VENEZUELA. 253 00:11:41,568 --> 00:11:43,420 THE STILTED HOUSES CALLED 254 00:11:43,421 --> 00:11:45,270 PALAFITOS ARE DESIGNED TO 255 00:11:45,271 --> 00:11:47,007 WITHSTAND THE TWICE DAILY 256 00:11:47,008 --> 00:11:48,741 FLOODS, AND THEIR OPEN 257 00:11:48,742 --> 00:11:51,028 SIDES ENCOURAGE A COOLING 258 00:11:51,029 --> 00:11:53,312 BREEZE. 259 00:11:53,313 --> 00:11:55,148 IT SEEMS AN IDYLLIC 260 00:11:55,149 --> 00:11:56,982 EXISTENCE, BUT SOMEONE'S 261 00:11:56,983 --> 00:11:58,984 GOT TO FEED THE FAMILY. 262 00:11:58,985 --> 00:12:01,120 MEET ADILIO. 263 00:12:01,121 --> 00:12:03,123 - HE HAS SET HIS NET ON THE - HIGH TIDE. 264 00:12:03,126 --> 00:12:04,857 NOW HE'S HOPING GREAT 265 00:12:04,858 --> 00:12:06,589 TREASURES HAVE WASHED DOWN 266 00:12:06,590 --> 00:12:10,162 ON THE CURRENT. 267 00:12:10,163 --> 00:12:11,531 HIS TWO BOYS WATCH HIS 268 00:12:11,532 --> 00:12:12,899 EVERY MOVE. 269 00:12:16,436 --> 00:12:18,104 - THEIR LIVES DEPEND ON - LEARNING THEIR FATHER'S 270 00:12:18,107 --> 00:12:20,606 SKILLS. 271 00:12:20,607 --> 00:12:22,175 FROM A YOUNG AGE, WARAO 272 00:12:22,176 --> 00:12:23,742 CHILDREN ARE PERFECTLY AT 273 00:12:23,743 --> 00:12:25,812 HOME IN THIS WATER WORLD. 274 00:12:33,987 --> 00:12:36,423 A GIANT CATFISH, OR LOLO, 275 00:12:36,424 --> 00:12:38,857 IT CAN REACH COLOSSAL 276 00:12:38,858 --> 00:12:40,894 SIZES, AT LEAST TWICE 277 00:12:40,895 --> 00:12:42,928 ADILIO'S WEIGHT, BUT THIS 278 00:12:42,929 --> 00:12:44,231 ONE WILL BE MORE THAN 279 00:12:44,232 --> 00:12:45,531 ENOUGH FOR TONIGHT'S 280 00:12:45,532 --> 00:12:49,935 SUPPER. 281 00:12:49,936 --> 00:12:52,105 THE PALAFITOS ARE STURDY, 282 00:12:52,106 --> 00:12:54,273 BUT THEY'RE NOT PERMANENT. 283 00:12:54,274 --> 00:12:55,692 WHEN TIMBERS ROT OR FOOD 284 00:12:55,693 --> 00:12:57,109 BECOMES SCARCE, THE 285 00:12:57,110 --> 00:12:58,462 NOMADIC WARAO SEEK OUT A 286 00:12:58,463 --> 00:12:59,813 NEW HOME. 287 00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:04,196 THEY NEVER STRAY FAR 288 00:13:04,197 --> 00:13:05,509 UPRIVER. 289 00:13:05,510 --> 00:13:07,620 - THEY KEEP TO THE RELATIVE - SAFETY OF THEIR FLOODED 290 00:13:07,623 --> 00:13:09,689 FORTRESS. 291 00:13:13,727 --> 00:13:15,479 BUT EARLY EXPLORERS SAW 292 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:17,229 THE ORINOCO AS A ROUTE TO 293 00:13:17,230 --> 00:13:18,598 EL DORADO, THE FABLED CITY 294 00:13:18,599 --> 00:13:19,966 OF GOLD. 295 00:13:29,342 --> 00:13:30,760 SIR WALTER RALEIGH WAS ONE 296 00:13:30,761 --> 00:13:32,177 OF THE FIRST. 297 00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:34,064 IN 1595, HE AND HIS CREW 298 00:13:34,065 --> 00:13:35,948 MADE IT THROUGH THE DELTA 299 00:13:35,949 --> 00:13:37,900 AND FIVE HUNDRED MILES 300 00:13:37,901 --> 00:13:39,849 UPRIVER BEFORE A SERIES OF 301 00:13:39,850 --> 00:13:41,588 - RAPIDS HALTED THEIR - PROGRESS. 302 00:13:49,429 --> 00:13:51,205 THESE TURBULENT WATERS ARE 303 00:13:51,206 --> 00:13:52,979 FULL OF OXYGEN, ATTRACTING 304 00:13:52,980 --> 00:13:54,291 VAST SHOALS OF FISH, 305 00:13:54,292 --> 00:13:55,601 DRAWING IN SCORES OF 306 00:13:55,602 --> 00:13:57,671 HUNGRY PREDATORS. 307 00:13:59,167 --> 00:14:00,705 NEOTROPIC CORMORANTS 308 00:14:00,706 --> 00:14:02,241 ARRIVE EARLY EACH MORNING 309 00:14:02,242 --> 00:14:04,328 READY FOR A FULL DAY'S 310 00:14:04,329 --> 00:14:06,412 FISHING. 311 00:14:06,413 --> 00:14:08,048 SPECTACLED CAIMANS GATHER 312 00:14:08,049 --> 00:14:09,682 IN THE SHALLOWS. 313 00:14:09,683 --> 00:14:11,267 THERE'S A STRICT 314 00:14:11,268 --> 00:14:12,849 HIERARCHY, AND EACH HAS A 315 00:14:12,850 --> 00:14:14,654 - REGULAR SPOT ON THE - RIVERBANK. 316 00:14:18,658 --> 00:14:19,976 ONCE IN POSITION, THEY 317 00:14:19,977 --> 00:14:21,293 WAIT WITH OPEN MOUTHS FOR 318 00:14:21,294 --> 00:14:22,496 BREAKFAST TO COME THEIR 319 00:14:22,497 --> 00:14:23,697 WAY. 320 00:14:31,538 --> 00:14:32,889 EGRETS AND HERONS SLOT IN 321 00:14:32,890 --> 00:14:34,239 WHERE THEY CAN, 322 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:37,015 OPPORTUNISTS READY TO GRAB 323 00:14:37,016 --> 00:14:39,789 A SNACK. 324 00:14:39,790 --> 00:14:41,954 THEN A FEARSOME SIGHT, 325 00:14:41,955 --> 00:14:44,117 ORINOCO CROCODILES, 326 00:14:44,651 --> 00:14:47,387 - THE LARGEST PREDATORS IN SOUTH - AMERICA. 327 00:14:56,563 --> 00:14:58,365 THEY GROW UP TO 16 FEET 328 00:14:58,366 --> 00:15:00,165 LONG, AND POWERFUL TAILS 329 00:15:00,166 --> 00:15:01,451 PROPEL THEM AT GREAT 330 00:15:01,452 --> 00:15:02,736 SPEED. 331 00:15:05,238 --> 00:15:06,523 THE NARROW SNOUT CUTS 332 00:15:06,524 --> 00:15:07,807 EASILY THROUGH WATER. 333 00:15:10,276 --> 00:15:11,561 THIS IS A SPECIALIST 334 00:15:11,562 --> 00:15:12,846 FISH-EATER. 335 00:15:17,283 --> 00:15:18,435 BUT IN THE COOL MORNING, 336 00:15:18,436 --> 00:15:19,585 COLD-BLOODED CROCODILES 337 00:15:19,586 --> 00:15:21,068 TAKE A WHILE TO GET UP TO 338 00:15:21,069 --> 00:15:22,549 SPEED, LEAVING THE 339 00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:24,591 - GO-GETTING CORMORANTS TO - STRIKE FIRST. 340 00:15:29,195 --> 00:15:31,014 COMING UP, FIND OUT WHO 341 00:15:31,015 --> 00:15:32,831 INVITED EUROPEAN EXPLORERS 342 00:15:32,832 --> 00:15:34,334 TO HANG OUT WHEN THEY 343 00:15:34,335 --> 00:15:35,834 FIRST ARRIVED AT THIS 344 00:15:35,835 --> 00:15:37,904 UNTAMED LAND. 345 00:15:42,750 --> 00:15:47,347 . 346 00:15:48,810 --> 00:15:50,583 - NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE - MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC 347 00:16:03,930 --> 00:16:05,699 - DYLAN: ACCORDING TO - CHARLES DARWIN, BARON 348 00:16:05,702 --> 00:16:07,501 ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT WAS 349 00:16:07,502 --> 00:16:09,301 THE GREATEST TRAVELING 350 00:16:09,302 --> 00:16:13,238 SCIENTIST WHO EVER LIVED. 351 00:16:13,239 --> 00:16:14,758 TWO HUNDRED YEARS AFTER 352 00:16:14,759 --> 00:16:16,275 SIR WALTER RALEIGH, HE 353 00:16:16,276 --> 00:16:17,863 JOURNEYED FARTHER UP THE 354 00:16:17,864 --> 00:16:19,449 ORINOCO THAN ANY 355 00:16:19,450 --> 00:16:21,114 NATURALIST BEFORE, 356 00:16:23,149 --> 00:16:25,018 MAPPING MORE THAN 1,600 MILES 357 00:16:25,019 --> 00:16:26,886 OF THIS VAST RIVER SYSTEM. 358 00:16:36,663 --> 00:16:38,031 THE CALL OF RED HOWLER 359 00:16:38,032 --> 00:16:39,398 MONKEYS TERRIFIED MOST 360 00:16:39,399 --> 00:16:41,401 EXPLORERS, BUT HUMBOLDT 361 00:16:41,402 --> 00:16:43,402 NOTED THAT THEIR EYES, 362 00:16:43,403 --> 00:16:45,062 VOICE, AND GAIT ARE 363 00:16:45,063 --> 00:16:46,719 INDICATIVE OF 364 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:50,676 MELANCHOLY... 365 00:16:50,677 --> 00:16:52,379 - ...MEANING THAT HE THOUGHT - THESE MONKEYS AREN'T 366 00:16:52,382 --> 00:16:56,819 SCARY; THEY'RE SCARED. 367 00:16:56,820 --> 00:16:58,852 - HOWLERS ARE GENTLE, SHY - CREATURES, AND THEIR 368 00:16:58,855 --> 00:17:00,536 RAUCOUS CALL SERVES ONLY 369 00:17:00,537 --> 00:17:02,219 TO KEEP OTHER HOWLERS AT A 370 00:17:02,220 --> 00:17:04,690 COMFORTABLE DISTANCE. 371 00:17:04,691 --> 00:17:05,942 THEY LEAD A TRANQUIL, IF 372 00:17:05,943 --> 00:17:07,192 SOMEWHAT PRECARIOUS 373 00:17:07,193 --> 00:17:08,495 EXISTENCE HIGH IN THE 374 00:17:08,496 --> 00:17:09,795 TREETOPS, WHERE THEY HAVE 375 00:17:09,796 --> 00:17:11,865 ACCESS TO THEIR FAVORITE 376 00:17:11,866 --> 00:17:13,932 FOOD, FRESH LEAVES. 377 00:17:13,933 --> 00:17:15,535 THEY MAY BE PLENTIFUL, BUT 378 00:17:15,536 --> 00:17:17,136 THIS STRICT DIET IS HARDLY 379 00:17:17,137 --> 00:17:19,205 INVIGORATING. 380 00:17:26,312 --> 00:17:27,831 EVEN A CLOSE ENCOUNTER 381 00:17:27,832 --> 00:17:29,348 WITH A TWO-TOED SLOTH IS 382 00:17:29,349 --> 00:17:31,018 NOT ENOUGH TO SPARK THE 383 00:17:31,019 --> 00:17:32,685 HOWLER'S INTEREST. 384 00:17:32,686 --> 00:17:34,921 - ANOTHER LEAF-EATER, - PERHAPS THE SLOTH IS THE 385 00:17:34,924 --> 00:17:36,623 ONLY ANIMAL IN THE JUNGLE 386 00:17:36,624 --> 00:17:38,323 LESS EXCITABLE THAN THE 387 00:17:38,324 --> 00:17:40,393 HOWLER. 388 00:17:43,697 --> 00:17:45,082 WEDGE-CAPPED CAPUCHINS 389 00:17:45,083 --> 00:17:46,465 PATROL THE LOWER BRANCHES 390 00:17:46,466 --> 00:17:48,051 OF THE RIVERSIDE FOREST 391 00:17:48,052 --> 00:17:49,635 USING THEIR TAILS FOR 392 00:17:49,636 --> 00:17:51,705 SUPPORT AND BALANCE. 393 00:17:57,377 --> 00:17:58,611 - THEY SEARCH FOR LOWER - BRANCHES FOR THEIR 394 00:17:58,614 --> 00:18:02,581 FAVORITE PREY, INSECTS. 395 00:18:02,582 --> 00:18:03,867 TODAY, ANTS ARE ON THE 396 00:18:03,868 --> 00:18:05,151 MENU. 397 00:18:08,555 --> 00:18:10,457 TINY TREATS, BUT LURKING 398 00:18:10,458 --> 00:18:12,358 IN NUMBERS BELOW THE BARK. 399 00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:14,561 - IT TAKES A FAIR BIT OF - EFFORT FOR THE CAPUCHINS 400 00:18:14,564 --> 00:18:16,436 TO FUEL UP, AND LUNCH DOES 401 00:18:16,437 --> 00:18:18,310 OCCASIONALLY BITE BACK. 402 00:18:23,570 --> 00:18:24,980 BUT THE ENERGY-RICH 403 00:18:24,981 --> 00:18:26,390 RESULTS ARE WORTH IT. 404 00:18:35,148 --> 00:18:36,829 CAPUCHIN SOCIETY WORKS ON 405 00:18:36,830 --> 00:18:38,510 A STRICT HIERARCHY, 406 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:42,088 AND IN TIMES OF HARDSHIP, 407 00:18:42,089 --> 00:18:43,655 ONLY THE UPPER ECHELONS 408 00:18:43,656 --> 00:18:48,193 GET ACCESS TO FOOD. 409 00:18:48,194 --> 00:18:49,779 LIVING IN GROUPS UP TO 30 410 00:18:49,780 --> 00:18:51,363 STRONG, IT PAYS TO GROOM 411 00:18:51,364 --> 00:18:55,668 ALLIES. 412 00:18:55,669 --> 00:18:56,954 ONLY WHEN THAT'S DONE CAN 413 00:18:56,955 --> 00:18:58,237 THEY AFFORD TO SLEEP OFF 414 00:18:58,238 --> 00:19:00,253 THE MORNING'S EXERTIONS, 415 00:19:00,254 --> 00:19:02,266 BUT WHEN ALL IS DONE, THEY 416 00:19:02,267 --> 00:19:03,589 SETTLE BACK INTO THEIR 417 00:19:03,590 --> 00:19:04,910 BRANCHED HAMMOCKS AND GET 418 00:19:04,911 --> 00:19:08,313 SOME REST. 419 00:19:08,314 --> 00:19:09,382 EXPLORERS CAME TO 420 00:19:09,383 --> 00:19:10,449 VENEZUELA LOOKING FOR 421 00:19:10,450 --> 00:19:12,284 GOLD. 422 00:19:12,285 --> 00:19:13,748 INSTEAD, THEY DISCOVERED 423 00:19:13,749 --> 00:19:15,209 ONE OF THE MOST DIVERSE 424 00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:17,570 PLACES ON EARTH, 425 00:19:18,291 --> 00:19:19,509 AND THE ORINOCO RIVER 426 00:19:19,510 --> 00:19:20,726 HOLDS MANY 427 00:19:20,727 --> 00:19:22,514 OF THE SPECTACULAR NATURAL 428 00:19:22,515 --> 00:19:24,299 WONDERS THAT ARE STILL 429 00:19:24,300 --> 00:19:26,990 AROUND TODAY. 430 00:19:29,836 --> 00:19:31,108 THANKS FOR JOINING US ON 431 00:19:31,109 --> 00:19:32,379 THIS LONG AND WINDY 432 00:19:32,380 --> 00:19:34,474 - JOURNEY DOWN THE ORINOCO - RIVER. 433 00:19:34,477 --> 00:19:35,992 AS WE'VE SEEN, ITS MANY 434 00:19:35,993 --> 00:19:37,509 LONGTIME LOCALS GIVE BACK 435 00:19:37,510 --> 00:19:39,145 TO THE RIVER AS MUCH AS 436 00:19:39,146 --> 00:19:40,779 THEY RECEIVE, CONTINUING A 437 00:19:40,780 --> 00:19:42,148 TRADITION AS OLD AND 438 00:19:42,149 --> 00:19:43,515 BENEFICIAL AS THE RIVER 439 00:19:43,516 --> 00:19:44,950 ITSELF. 440 00:19:44,951 --> 00:19:47,154 I'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME FOR 441 00:19:47,155 --> 00:19:49,355 ANOTHER "EARTH ODYSSEY". 442 00:19:49,356 --> 00:19:52,425 [MUSIC] 27718

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