All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.with.Dylan.Dreyer.S01E17.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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ANNOUNCER: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT'S
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, I'M DYLAN
DREYER, AND WE'RE ABOUT TO

EMBARK ON ANOTHER "EARTH
ODYSSEY."

ON TODAY'S EPISODE, WE
RETURN TO THE GALAPAGOS

ISLANDS, AN UNSPOILED
WILDERNESS WITH AN

EXTRAORDINARY DIVERSITY OF
ANIMALS AND PLANTS FOUND

NOWHERE ELSE ON EARTH.

WATCH AS THIS GALAPAGOS
NATIVE DIVES FOR HIS

DINNER.

AND LATER, HOW MANY
PUSHUPS DOES IT TAKE TO

IMPRESS YOUR FRIENDS?

THIS LIZARD TAKES ON THE
CHALLENGE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: HERE AT RIPLEY'S
AQUARIUM OF THE SMOKIES IS

A GROUP OF ATLANTIC
MUDSKIPPERS.

THESE FISH LIVE IN THE
MANGROVE SWAMPS OF WESTERN

AFRICA.

NEVER STRAYING FAR FROM
THE WATER, MUDSKIPPERS

SURVIVE BY TREKKING ACROSS
SAND OR MUD IN SEARCH OF

SMALL CRABS AND INSECTS
FOR FOOD.

IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS,
THERE'S A BIRD WHO PREFERS

TO HUNT CLOSE TO HOME AS
WELL.

KEEPING AN EYE ON THE
SHORELINE, THE CORMORANT

HAS ADAPTED TO LIFE ON AND
OFF THE ROCKY COAST BY

DIVING DEEP FOR HIS CATCH.

LET'S TRAVEL TOGETHER TO
THIS WILDLIFE WONDERLAND

TO MEET THIS BIRD IN
PERSON.

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS ARE
LOCATED HUNDREDS OF MILES

OFF THE COAST OF ECUADOR
IN SOUTH AMERICA.

THERE ARE 13 PRIMARY
ISLANDS AND AT LEAST A

HUNDRED ROCKY REEFS THAT
JUT OUT THE SEA, EACH LAND

MASS CREATED FROM VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY...

...LAVA EXPLODING TO THE
EARTH'S SURFACE, SLOWLY

COOLING, FORMING NEW
ISLANDS.

SOME ISLANDS LOOK LIKE A
WASTELAND, A PLACE WHERE

NOTHING COULD SURVIVE.

OTHERS ARE MORE LIKE A
FERTILE PLAYGROUND FOR AN

INCREDIBLE DIVERSITY OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

WITH VERY LITTLE HUMAN
INTERFERENCE OVER

THOUSANDS OF YEARS, THESE
ISLANDS SERVE AS A UNIQUE

PLACE TO STUDY NATURE FOR
SCIENTISTS.

ON THE GALAPAGOS, ANIMALS
DEVELOP CERTAIN TRAITS

THAT HELP THEM SURVIVE.

THIS THEORY OF EVOLUTION
IS BY NATURAL SELECTION,

A THEORY FIRST PROPOSED BY A
YOUNG BOTANIST NAMED

CHARLES DARWIN.

HE VISITED THE GALAPAGOS
MORE THAN 150 YEARS AGO ON

HIS WAY TO SOUTH AMERICA.

IN ADDITION TO ITS
INHABITANTS, DARWIN

STUDIED THE VOLCANIC
ISLANDS THEMSELVES.

THERE WERE NO VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS DURING HIS

VISIT, BUT HIS SCIENTIFIC
OBSERVATIONS CHANGED THE

WAY WE UNDERSTOOD THE
THEORIES BEHIND THESE

PHENOMENONS.

ISABELLA IS THE LARGEST
VOLCANIC ISLAND IN THE

GALAPAGOS.

IT HAS SIX VOLCANOES THAT
OVERLAP, SEVERAL OF WHICH

ARE STILL SIMMERING
BENEATH THE EARTH'S

SURFACE.

IT'S ALSO HOME TO A KEY
PLAYER IN THE THEORY OF

EVOLUTION.

THIS BIRD IS CALLED THE
CORMORANT.

THEY'RE FOUND ALL OVER THE
WORLD, BUT HERE ON THE

GALAPAGOS, THE CORMORANT
HAS LOST ITS ABILITY TO

FLY.

THE BIRD'S WINGS ARE TOO
SMALL FOR ITS BODY, YET

ITS LEGS ARE STRONGER THAN
OTHER TYPES OF CORMORANTS.

IT ALSO HAS ENLARGED FEET,
TRAITS THAT GIVE IT A

DEFINITIVE ADVANTAGE AS IT
DIVES FOR ITS DINNER.

THE CORMORANT FEEDS ON THE
OCEAN'S BOUNTY, NEVER

SWIMMING FARTHER THAN A
FOOTBALL FIELD AWAY FROM

THE SHORELINE.

THESE BIRDS PREFER TO
FEAST ON OCTOPUS AND

BITE-SIZED FISH.

IT'S BELIEVED THAT THIS
PARTICULAR CORMORANT MUST

HAVE FLOWN TO THE ISLANDS
AT SOME POINT MANY YEARS

AGO.

ONCE HERE, IT WAS MAROONED
FROM ITS WINGED COUSINS,

BUT THE GALAPAGOS OFFERED
THESE BIRDS PLENTY TO EAT,

SO THEY STUCK AROUND,
EVENTUALLY BECOMING THE

LARGEST CORMORANT SPECIES
IN THE WORLD DESPITE THEIR

DIMINUTIVE WINGS.

CORMORANTS MAKE THEIR
NESTS WITH SEAWEED ON TOP

OF THE LAVA ROCKS.

EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE
MOSTLY DECORATIVE AT THIS

POINT, THE GALAPAGOS
CORMORANTS WILL HOLD THEIR

WINGS OUT TO DRY, THOUGHT
TO BE A CARRYOVER FROM AN

AGE OLD HABIT.

THE CLEANING RITUALS OF
THIS GALAPAGOS NATIVE KEEP

THE INSECT POPULATION
UNDER CONTROL.

THE LAVA LIZARD OFFERS
FREE GROOMING SERVICES TO

THE SEA LIONS, WHO
POPULATE THE ISLAND'S

SHORELINES.

THE LAVA LIZARD LIVES FOR
ABOUT TEN YEARS AND TAKES

ON SEVERAL MATES DURING
ITS LIFETIME.

TO CATCH THE ATTENTION OF
A PASSING FEMALE, THE MALE

WILL PUT ON A SHOW.

HE'LL DO PUSHUPS AND BOB
HIS HEAD UP AND DOWN,

TRYING HARD TO MAKE A GOOD
IMPRESSION.

BUT FOR THIS FEMALE
LIZARD, HIS BEST EFFORTS

ARE JUST NOT GOOD ENOUGH.

SHE REJECTS HIS ADVANCES.

SHE TURNS HER BACK AND
FLIPS HER TAIL UP AS IF TO

SAY, "MOVE ON.

NO ONE IS IMPRESSED."

BUT WHAT IS UNDENIABLY
IMPRESSIVE ARE THE

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

THEY TEEM WITH LIFE FOUND
NOWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD,

A NATURAL LABORATORY TO
STUDY ADAPTATION AND

SURVIVAL.

COMING UP ON EARTH
ODYSSEY, FIND OUT HOW

THESE ELEGANT AVIATORS
KEEP THEIR ROSY GLOW.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN
TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

ANNOUNCER: THIS EPISODE OF
"EARTH ODYSSEY" WITH DYLAN

DREYER IS BROUGHT TO YOU
BY RIPLEY'S AQUARIUMS.

DYLAN: IN THE GALAPAGOS
ISLANDS, THERE'S LITTLE

HUMAN INTERACTION.

THE OUTLOOK FOR WILDLIFE
IS NATURALLY OPTIMISTIC.

IF YOU TRAVEL INLAND TO
ONE OF ISABELLA'S LAGOONS,

LIFE LOOKS DOWNRIGHT ROSY,
AT LEAST THE BIRDS DO.

ONE OF THE MOST
RECOGNIZABLE BIRDS ON

EARTH LIVES HERE, THE
GREATER FLAMINGOES.

IT'S THOUGHT THAT THESE
FLAMINGOES ORIGINATED FROM

THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS TO
SET UP A COLONY.

IT'S A TINY GROUP, JUST
SIX HUNDRED, COMPARED TO

OTHER POPULATIONS IN THE
WORLD THAT CAN BE AS LARGE

AS TEN THOUSAND.

BUT THE FLAMINGOES HERE
ENJOY THE SAME SHELLFISH

AS ELSEWHERE.

THEY FLIP THEIR HEADS
UPSIDE-DOWN, SIFTING THE

SILKY WATER IN THEIR
BEAKS.

AT A RATE OF 20 MOUTHFULS
A SECOND, FLAMINGOES SEEK

OUT BRINY SHRIMP AND OTHER
BABY CRUSTACEANS.

THOSE PINK SHRIMP ARE WHAT
GIVE THE FLAMINGO ITS

AMAZING COLOR.

WITH SUCH A SMALL
POPULATION, FINDING A MATE

FOR A LIFETIME TAKES ON A
DIFFERENT CHALLENGE.

THESE FLAMINGOES RENEW
THEIR COMMITMENT TO EACH

OTHER VERY PUBLICLY.

LIKE A BALLET, THE BIRDS
BOB THEIR HEADS, SALUTE

EACH OTHER WITH THEIR
WINGS, TURNING THEIR HEADS

ON CUE...

...ALL IMPORTANT RITUALS
THAT REMIND EACH PAIR HOW

MUCH THEY MEAN TO ONE
ANOTHER.

ONE OF THE NEWEST
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS IS

FERNANDINA.

COVERED IN BLACK LAVA
ROCKS, IT LOOKS LIKE THE

LAST PLACE ON EARTH TO
FIND ANY LIVING CREATURE,

YET HERE IT IS.

LAVA CACTUS ARE CONSIDERED
A COLONIZER SPECIES.

IT'S ONE OF THE FIRST TO
APPEAR WHEN NOTHING ELSE

WILL GROW.

THEIR SEEDS ARE DROPPED BY
BIRDS OR CARRIED BY THE

WIND FROM OLDER ISLANDS,
BUT THESE CACTI ARE NOT

ALONE ON FERNANDINA.

THERE'S ANOTHER PRICKLY
CHARACTER WHO PREFERS THE

ROCKY SHORES OF THE
GALAPAGOS.

THE MARINE IGUANAS CAN
LIVE VIRTUALLY ANYWHERE ON

THE ISLANDS.

THERE ARE 250,000 THAT
CALL THE GALAPAGOS HOME.

THIS GIANT SWIMMING DRAGON
IS THE WORLD'S ONLY

SPECIES OF MARINE LIZARD.

IT'S THOUGHT THAT A GROUP
OF SOUTH AMERICAN LAND

IGUANAS DRIFTED OUT TO SEA
ON A PIECE OF DEBRIS,

FINDING THEIR WAY TO THE
GALAPAGOS.

BUT ONCE THERE, FOOD WAS
SCARCE ON LAND, SO THEY

DIVED STRAIGHT IN TO FIND
A WAY TO SURVIVE.

THE MARINE IGUANAS ARE
VEGETARIANS, SCRAPING AWAY

AT THE RED AND GREEN ALGAE
GROWING UNDERWATER ON DEEP

SEA ROCKS.

WHATEVER IT TAKES, NATURE
FINDS A WAY TO EVOLVE AND

ADAPT.

WHEN "EARTH ODYSSEY"
RETURNS, THESE BIRDS HAVE

AN INFLATED SENSE OF
IMPORTANCE WHEN IT COMES

TO SHARING A NEST.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN
TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: JUST BECAUSE
PENGUINS ARE BIRDS DOESN'T

MEAN THEY'RE DESTINED TO
FLY.

THESE DAPPER FELLOWS ARE
MUCH HAPPIER IN THE WATER

THAN IN THE AIR.

THEIR SMALL WINGS ARE
ACTUALLY FLIPPERS THAT

HELP THEM MASTER THE OCEAN
CURRENTS; HOWEVER, THE

BIRDS YOU'RE ABOUT TO SEE
IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

ARE CERTAINLY THE MASTERS
OF THE SKY.

THEY CAN STAY ALOFT FOR
INCREDIBLE PERIODS OF

TIME.

IT'S THE LANDING THAT
TRIPS THEM UP.

LET'S SEE HOW THESE
FRIGATEBIRDS TOUCH DOWN

WITH TACT.

JUST OFF THE MAIN
GALAPAGOS ISLAND OF SANTA

CRUZ ON NORTH SEYMOUR
ISLAND, THESE AERIAL

HIGH-FLYERS CAN STAY IN
THE AIR FOR MORE THAN A

WEEK.

HIGH ABOVE THE WATER, THE
FRIGATEBIRDS ARE THE

MASTERS OF THE SKIES.

THEIR WINGS CAN STRETCH
MORE THAN EIGHT FEET

ACROSS.

STRONG BREAST MUSCLES KEEP
THESE ENORMOUS BIRDS

ALOFT, STEERING THEIR
BODIES WITH FORKED TAILS.

BUT THAT'S JUST PART OF
THEIR SUPER-SIZED APPEAL.

WAIT UNTIL YOU SEE THE
REAL SHOWSTOPPER.

THIS FEMALE IS COMING DOWN
TO LAND.

THE BIRDS BELOW CRY OUT
FOR HER COMPANY.

SHE'S GOT A TOUGH DECISION
TO MAKE.

ONCE THE BIRDS SPOT HER,
EACH ONE CALLS TO HER.

[BIRDS SQUAWKING]

THEY INFLATE THEIR
ENORMOUS RED THROAT

POUCHES.

THE RED BALLOONS BLOW UP
AS THE COMPETITION TO GET

HER ATTENTION GETS
TOUGHER.

[SQUAWKING CONTINUES]

FINALLY, SHE MAKES HER
DECISION.

[SQUAWKING CONTINUES]

SHE LANDS NEARBY TO NEST.

THE MALE FRIGATE WILL GO
COLLECT TWIGS AND

BRANCHES.

THE FRIGATEBIRDS MAY BE
MASTERS OF THE SKIES, BUT

TAKEOFF AND LANDING IS
ANOTHER STORY.

WITH SUCH SHORT LEGS, THEY
CAN'T WALK OR SWIM.

THEY CAN'T EVEN TAKEOFF ON
FLAT LAND.

SOMETIMES THE ONLY OPTION
IS TO STEAL A FEW TWIGS

FROM A PASSING NEIGHBOR.

[BIRDS SQUAWKING]

THIS PAIR WILL RAISE
THEIR BABY BIRD TOGETHER.

THE FRIGATEBIRDS SPEND
MORE TIME RAISING THEIR

YOUNG THAN ANY OTHER BIRD
SPECIES.

THE DADS STICK AROUND FOR
THE FIRST THREE MONTHS,

AND THEN THE MOTHERS WILL
FEED AND RAISE THEIR

CHICKS FOR A
YEAR-AND-A-HALF.

SANTA CRUZ IS AN ISLAND OF
EXTREME CLIMATES.

THOUGHT TO BE ABOUT TWO
MILLION YEARS OLD, ITS

ISLAND PEAKS REACH HIGH
ENOUGH TO CREATE RAIN

CLOUDS, BUT DOWN BELOW,
THE LOWER PLAINS BATTLE

DROUGHT WITH LITTLE WATER
REACHING THE GROUND.

CACTUS FORESTS DO WELL IN
THIS CHALLENGING

ENVIRONMENT.

GREEN SUCCULENT STEMS AND
LEAVES STORE WATER FOR THE

CACTUS WHEN RESOURCES ARE
SCARCE.

THESE PRICKLY PLANTS
PROTECT THEIR WATER SUPPLY

FROM INVADERS WITH AN
ARMOR OF SPINES; HOWEVER,

THERE IS ONE GALAPAGOS
NATIVE WHO SEEMS UNPHASED

BY THE DANGEROUS SHELL.

THE CACTUS FINCH BRAVELY
FEEDS ON THE FLOWERS,

GOING AS FAR AS BUILDING A
NEST ON ITS SPIKY LEAVES.

THESE FINCHES, WITH THEIR
ABILITY TO ADAPT AND

THRIVE UNDER EXTRAORDINARY
CONDITIONS, ARE A CRITICAL

PART OF THE PUZZLE FOR
SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY THE

EVOLUTION OF SPECIES.

COMING UP, THE ANIMALS
AREN'T THE ONLY ONES WHO

MUST ADAPT TO SURVIVE.

FIND OUT HOW THIS PLANT
MANAGES TO KEEP CLEAR OF

DANGER BELOW.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN
TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: A DAY ON THE
GALAPAGOS CAN FEEL LIKE

BEING STRANDED ON A DESERT
ISLAND, BUT IN THIS CASE,

THE ISLANDS ARE HOTSPOTS
OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY...

...WITH SIMMERING LAVA
JUST BELOW THE SURFACE.

ON THE TINY SOUTH PLAZA
ISLAND, CHALLENGING

CONDITIONS FORCE THESE
PLANTS TO ADAPT IN ORDER

TO SURVIVE.

THIS PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS
KEEPS ITS TASTY FLOWERS

AND PADS SAFE BY GROWING
AN EXTRA LONG TRUNK, JUST

OUT OF REACH FOR A
NOTORIOUS THIEF, THE LAND

IGUANA.

CHARLES DARWIN CALLED
THESE FEARSOME-LOOKING

CREATURES HIDEOUS.

BRUTISH ANIMALS, THESE
IGUANAS CAN GROW MORE THAN

THREE FEET LONG AND WEIGH
NEARLY 30 POUNDS.

THEY PREFER LOW-GROWING
BUSHES AND PLANTS THEY CAN

EASILY REACH DURING TIMES
OF DROUGHT.

BUT OLDER PRICKLY PEAR
CACTUS IS STILL A DELICACY

AND WORTH THE WAIT.

THERE'S NO WAY TO REACH
THE FRUIT OF THE OLDER

TREES, SO THE IGUANAS WILL
CLAIM A TREE AND SIT

PATIENTLY UNDERNEATH,
WAITING FOR THE RIPE FRUIT

TO FALL.

THE IGUANAS CAN SIT THERE
IN THE PLANT'S SHADE FOR A

MONTH.

ONCE THE FRUIT FALLS, THE
IGUANAS ROLL THE FRUIT IN

SOIL TO REMOVE THE SPINES.

A FEW PRICKS OF PAIN WON'T
SLOW DOWN THIS HUNGRY

IGUANA.

THE CACTUS CAN GROW TALLER
EACH SEASON, PERHAPS

TRYING TO OUTWIT THE LAND
IGUANAS ON THE ISLAND, A

CONSTANT BATTLE TO SEE WHO
HAS THE STRENGTH TO

SURVIVE ON THESE OUTPOSTS
OF CIVILIZATION.

THANKS FOR JOINING ME ON
THIS FASCINATING TRIP TO

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

FORGED BY VOLCANOES AND
LEFT TO EVOLVE, THESE

ISLANDS AND THEIR WILDLIFE
ARE A SPECTACULAR NATURAL

LABORATORY FOR SCIENTISTS.

IT'S INCREDIBLE TO SEE
NATURE TAKE OVER IN A PART

OF THE WORLD LEFT
UNTOUCHED BY HUMANS.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON
"EARTH ODYSSEY."

[MUSIC]