All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.with.Dylan.Dreyer.S01E07.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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ANNOUNCER: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL YOU KNOW YOU'RE

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WATCHING TELEVISION THAT'S
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: I'M DYLAN DREYER, AND
THIS IS "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE TRAVEL TO THE
ANCIENT ISLAND COUNTRY OF

SRI LANKA AND SEE HOW
LOWLAND ELEPHANT BULLS GO

HEAD TO HEAD IN A
BATTLE FOR DOMINATION.

PLUS, FIND OUT WHY THESE
GRACEFUL DEER MUST RELY ON

THE HELP OF THEIR PRIMATE
PALS TO AVOID ONE OF THE

MOST DANGEROUS PREDATORS.

AND LATER, WE MEET A TROUP
OF MACAQUES WHO HAVE TAKEN

OVER AN ENTIRE
ANCIENT CITY.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: I'M HERE AT
RIPLEY'S AQUARIUM OF

CANADA.

THIS EXHIBIT IS HOME
TO GREEN SEA TURTLES,

A SPECIES FOUND IN
TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL

CLIMATES, LIKE
THOSE OF SRI LANKA.

THESE REPTILES SPEND
MOST OF THEIR TIME IN THE

SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS
WHERE THEY FEED ON LUSH

SEA GRASS BEDS.

THEY HAVE A LONG LIFESPAN,
SURVIVING UP TO 80 YEARS

IN THE WILD.

SRI LANKA IS ALSO HOME
TO ANOTHER GIANT CREATURE

WITH AN IMPRESSIVELY LONG
LIFESPAN: THE ELEPHANT HAS

A LIFE EXPECTANCY
UP TO 75 YEARS OLD.

AMONG MAMMALS, ONLY
HUMANS LIVE LONGER.

SO LET'S SEIZE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO MEET SOME

OF THESE PROUD PACHYDERMS
IN ONE OF THE WILDEST

PLACES ON EARTH.

DYLAN: LOCATED NEAR THE
SOUTHERN TIP OF INDIA SITS

THE ISLAND
NATION OF SRI LANKA.

ALTHOUGH IT IS ROUGHLY
THE SIZE OF PENNSYLVANIA,

THIS TROPICAL REGION
IS PACKED WITH ENOUGH

WILDLIFE TO RIVAL
A VAST CONTINENT.

BECAUSE OF ITS
UNIQUE CLIMATE,

YOU WILL FIND A STAGGERING
ARRAY OF CREATURES BOTH

LARGE AND SMALL.

AND THEY RANGE FROM THE
FRIENDLY TO THE FEROCIOUS.

FOR SUCH A SMALL COUNTRY,
SRI LANKA HAS A VERY

COMPLICATED
CLIMATE SYSTEM.

ON AVERAGE, TWO MONSOONS
A YEAR HIT THE ISLAND,

DRENCHING IT IN TORRENTIAL
RAINS FOR WEEKS ON END.

HOWEVER, FOR THE
REST OF THE YEAR,

SRI LANKA'S LOWLANDS
ENDURE MONTHS OF DROUGHTS.

THIS LEAVES ANIMALS,
LIKE THE ELEPHANT,

TO GO IN SEARCH OF WATER.

SRI LANKA'S LOWLAND PLAINS
COVER MORE THAN TWO THIRDS

OF THE ISLAND.

THIS REGION IS HOME TO OVER
2,000 WILD ELEPHANTS.

ONE OF THE BIGGEST
POPULATIONS ON EARTH.

WITH THE ARRIVAL
OF DRY SEASON,

FINDING FOOD BECOMES
INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT.

A FULLY-GROWN ELEPHANT
SPENDS UP TO 16 HOURS A

DAY GRAZING.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: FEEDING
ON THE SHORT,

DRY GRASS REQUIRES A
SPECIAL TECHNIQUE.

THE ELEPHANT
GRABS, TWISTS,

THEN SHAKES THE
CLUMPS TO REMOVE ANY DIRT.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: ELEPHANTS LIVE IN
CLOSE-KNIT GROUPS UNDER

THE WATCHFUL EYE
OF AN OLDER FEMALE.

WITH HER YEARS OF
KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE,

THE MATRIARCH KNOWS WHERE
TO FIND AND THE WATER IN

TIMES OF SHORTAGE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WITH WATER A
PRECIOUS COMMODITY,

HERDS FROM ACROSS
NORTHEAST SRI LANKA MAKE

THEIR WAY TO A VAST LAKE
KNOWN AS MINNERIYA TANK.

SOME ELEPHANTS TRAVEL
HUNDREDS OF MILES TO REACH

THIS RESERVOIR.

OFTEN, FAMILY GROUPS BAND
TOGETHER TO FORM LARGER

HERDS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE LAKE IS A KEY
TO SURVIVAL FOR THE ISLAND

ELEPHANTS.

EVEN AFTER
WEEKS WITHOUT RAIN,

MINNERIYA TANK OFFERS BOTH
FOOD AND WATER FOR THESE

MIGRATING HERDS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: AND THE
SURROUNDING SCRUB FOREST

PROVIDES MUCH NEEDED
SHELTER FROM THE SUN.

AND WITH THE
ARRIVAL OF THE FEMALES,

MALE ELEPHANTS ARE
NEVER FAR BEHIND.

MALE ELEPHANTS, OR BULLS,
NORMALLY LEAD A SOLITARY

EXISTENCE, BUT
DURING MATING SEASON,

THEY ARE READY FOR SOME
FEMALE COMPANIONSHIP.

WITH THE BULL'S
HORMONES RAGING,

THEY'RE READY TO GRAPPLE
WITH OTHER MALES TO ASSERT

THEIR DOMINANCE.

THE WINNER OF THIS
SHOWDOWN STANDS TO WIN THE

PICK OF THE HERD.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: BUT ROMANCE ASIDE,
THE REAL PULL OF MINNERIYA

IS ITS
PRICELESS WATER SUPPLY.

EVERY ANIMAL NEEDS
WATER TO SURVIVE,

BUT FEW ANIMALS ENJOY A
GOOD BATH QUITE AS MUCH AS

ELEPHANTS.

THEIR TRUNKS CAN PULL
IN UP TO TWO GALLONS OF

WATER, WHICH THEY USE
TO HOSE DOWN THE OTHER

MEMBERS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WITHOUT THIS
INVALUABLE WATER SUPPLY,

YOUNG ELEPHANTS IN
PARTICULAR ARE PRONE TO

OVERHEATING
AND DEHYDRATION.

SO A COOL DIP IN THE LAKES
IS NOT JUST REFRESHING,

IT IS ESSENTIAL
TO THEIR SURVIVAL.

THESE SCARCE WATERING
HOLES DON'T JUST LURE

ELEPHANTS, THEY ATTRACT
ANIMALS OF EVERY KIND.

INCLUDING SOME VERY
DEADLY PREDATORS.

COMING UP, FIND OUT WHY A
SIMPLE DRINK OF WATER CAN

LEAD TO A LIFE OR
DEATH SITUATION FOR THESE

SPOTTED DEER, AND WHY IT
PAYS TO HAVE A BUDDY WHO

HAS YOUR BACK.

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ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

NARRATOR: THIS EPISODE OF
EARTH ODYSSEY WITH DYLAN

DREYER IS BROUGHT TO YOU
BY RIPLEY'S AQUARIUMS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: DURING THE
HEIGHT OF A DROUGHT,

FINDING WATER IS
IMPERATIVE FOR EVERY

CREATURE'S SURVIVAL.

ON SRI LANKA'S SOUTHEAST
COAST LIES YALA NATIONAL

PARK.

THIS LAND WAS ONCE
THE CENTER OF A BYGONE

CIVILIZATION WHO BUILT
A SERIES OF RESERVOIRS

THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO.

TODAY, THESE MANMADE
WATERING HOLES DRAW

ANIMALS OF EVERY SPECIES,
INCLUDING LARGE HERDS OF

SPOTTED DEER.

LIKE ALL OF SRI
LANKA'S DEER,

ONLY MALES HAVE ANTLERS.

THESE BRANCHY HORNS ARE
SHED AND REGROWN EVERY

YEAR.

THE DEER ARE ALSO EQUIPPED
WITH GLANDS ON THEIR FACES

AND FEET THAT
RELEASE A DISTINCT SCENT.

STAGS MARK THEIR TERRITORY
BY LEAVING THEIR SCENT ON

GRASS AND TREES.

AND BY MAKING
SCRAPES IN THE GROUND.

AS WITH MOST PLANT EATERS,
THE DRY SEASON IS A

DIFFICULT TIME FOR
THE SPOTTED DEER.

WITH A
SHRIVELING FOOD SUPPLY,

THEY MUST TRAVEL IN
SEARCH OF THEIR NEXT MEAL.

BUT YALA'S ANCIENT
RESERVOIRS ENSURE THAT

THERE IS ALWAYS PLENTY OF
WATER AND VEGETATION FOR A

NEEDY ANIMAL.

BUT THE MIGRATION OF
THE DEER BRINGS A DEADLY

PREDATOR.

OVER 40 SRI LANKAN
LEOPARDS STALK THIS PARK.

IT IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST
CONCENTRATIONS OF LEOPARDS

IN THE WORLD.

AND SPOTTED DEER
ARE THEIR MAIN PREY.

BUT LUCKILY, THE
DEER HAS A LOYAL ALLY.

KEEPING LOOKOUT IN THE
TREES ARE GREY LANGURS WHO

SOUND THE ALARM
WHENEVER DANGER IS AFOOT.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LIKE MOST
CATS, LEOPARDS ARE STEALTH

HUNTERS WHO GET AS
CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THEIR

TARGET BEFORE
LAUNCHING THEIR ATTACK.

BUT THIS LITTLE PRIMATE
IS GOING TO MAKE SURE THAT

DOESN'T HAPPEN.

LEOPARDS WILL JUST AS SOON
MAKE A MEAL OF A LANGUR.

SO THESE AGILE MONKEYS
FIND SAFE REFUGE UP IN THE

TREES.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LUCKILY, THIS
LEOPARD IS YOUNG AND STILL

LEARNING HIS
HUNTING SKILLS.

SO THE DEER AND
MONKEYS ARE SAFE FOR NOW.

LEOPARDS PREFER TO HUNT
UNDER THE COVER OF NIGHT,

SO IT'S FAR BETTER FOR
HIM TO WAIT UNTIL DARK.

IN SRI LANKA, LEOPARDS
HOLD AN UNCHALLENGED

POSITION AT THE TOP
OF THE FOOD CHAIN.

THERE ARE NO LIONS OR
TIGERS ON THE ISLAND.

THIS LACK OF COMPETITION
HAS CAUSED THE LEOPARDS TO

GROW ESPECIALLY
LARGE FOR THEIR SPECIES.

IN FACT, THEY ARE THE
BIGGEST LEOPARDS IN THE

WORLD.

FULLY GROWN MALES
WEIGHT UP TO 175 POUNDS.

ROUGHLY THE SIZE
OF AN ADULT HUMAN.

BECAUSE OF THEIR
SIZE AND STATUS,

SRI LANKA'S LEOPARDS
ARE REMARKABLY CONFIDENT.

IN OTHER REGIONS, IT
WOULD BE UNUSUAL TO SEE A

LEOPARD OUT IN THE
OPEN IN BROAD DAYLIGHT.

EVEN THIS YOUNG CUB ISN'T
AFRAID TO STRUT AROUND IN

THE OPEN.

BUT HAVING HIS MOM BY HIS
SIDE DOESN'T HURT EITHER.

WHILE THESE ANIMALS HAVE
TAKEN OVER THE MANMADE

WATERHOLES, ANOTHER
CREATURE HAS CLAIMED AN

ENTIRE
ABANDONED METROPOLIS.

COMING UP, FIND OUT HOW
THIS GROUP OF MACAQUES

LEFT THE WILDS OF THE
JUNGLES FOR THE COMFORTS

OF THE CITY.

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ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: STURGEON
AND PADDLEFISH,

LIKE THOSE BEHIND ME, ARE
FRESHWATER FISH THAT CAN

BE FOUND IN RIVERS AND
LAKES THROUGHOUT THE

WORLD.

UNFORTUNATELY, BOTH OF
THESE SPECIES' POPULATIONS

HAVE BEEN ON THE DECLINE
DUE TO OVERFISHING,

POLLUTION, AND
HUMAN ENCROACHMENT.

LIKE THESE FISH, MANY
SPECIES OF MONKEYS,

INCLUDING THE ONES
YOU'RE ABOUT TO MEET,

HAVE ALSO FOUND
THEMSELVES ENDANGERED.

HOWEVER, ONE POPULATION
IN SRI LANKA HAS FOUND A

CLEVER WAY TO SURVIVE.

BY MOVING INTO
ABANDONED HUMAN DWELLINGS.

IN THE NORTHEASTERN
LOWLANDS OF SRI LANKA,

A BYGONE CIVILIZATION LEFT
AN ENTIRE CITY TO A GROUP

OF WAYWARD PRIMATES.

1,000 YEARS AGO, THIS
SPRAWLING METROPOLIS WAS

ONCE THE
CAPITAL OF SRI LANKA.

TODAY, RUINS ARE ALL THAT
IS LEFT OF THE ABANDONED

CITY OF POLONNARUWA.

AND WHEN
HUMANS MOVED OUT...

THE MACAQUES MOVED IN.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: HUNDREDS OF
TOQUE MACAQUES BATTLE FOR

TERRITORY AMONG THE
ARCHAIC STRUCTURES.

MACAQUES LIVE IN
LARGE GROUPS OF UP TO 40

MEMBERS.

THEY FOLLOW A STRICT
SOCIAL SYSTEM UNDER THE

LEADERSHIP OF
AN ALPHA MALE.

EACH MACAQUE HAS A
DISTINCT PERSONALITY AND

DISTINCT
HAIRSTYLES, AS WELL.

FEMALES FEATURE
COLORFUL RED FACES.

THEY ALSO HOLD AN
IMPORTANT ROLL;

THE TROOP RELIES ON THE
KNOWLEDGE OF OLDER FEMALES

TO LEAD THEM TO FOOD.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THEY DON'T
ALWAYS HAVE TO LOOK FAR.

A FLOWERING TREE INSIDE
THE CITY WALLS CAN YIELD A

NICE SNACK.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: MACAQUES CAN
EAT VIRTUALLY ANYTHING.

BUT DURING THE DRY SEASON,
A GOOD MEAL IS HARD TO

COME BY.

SO THEY MUST SNIFF AROUND
THE JUNGLE FLOOR FOR

FALLEN FRUIT,
NUTS, AND INSECTS.

LOWER RANKING MONKEYS MUST
WAIT FOR THOSE OF HIGHER

STATUS TO EAT FIRST.

THIS IS A HIGHLY
COMPETITIVE WORLD AND THE

ALPHA MALE SWIFTLY
REPRIMANDS THOSE MONKEYS

WHO IGNORE THE
PECKING ORDER.

TOQUE MACAQUES HAVE
POUCHES IN THEIR CHEEKS

THAT CONTAIN A SPECIAL
ENZYME TO HELP DIGEST

FOOD.

THEY'RE ALSO A GOOD PLACE
TO HIDE MORSELS FROM RIVAL

MONKEYS.

AFTER EATING, YOUNG MALES
ENGAGE IN BOISTEROUS BOUTS

OF PLAY.

THIS IS NOT
JUST FOR SPORT,

IT TEACHES THEM FIGHTING
SKILLS THEY'LL NEED WHEN

THEY ONE DAY
LEAVE THE GROUP.

THIS PROWESS COULD MEAN
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

LIFE AND DEATH.

FOR TOQUE MACAQUES, THE
GREATEST THREAT COMES FROM

OTHER MEMBERS OF
THEIR SPECIES.

GROWN MALES ARE TWICE AS
BIG AS FEMALES AND HAVE

HUGE CANINE TEETH.

AND THE ALPHA MALES
CONTROL NOT JUST ACCESS TO

FOOD, BUT ACCESS TO MATES.

SO IN THIS SOCIETY, IT
REALLY DOES BENEFIT TO BE

NICE TO YOUR ELDERS.

COMING UP, AS MORE ANIMALS
GO IN SEARCH OF WATER,

THEY CONFRONT A NEW THREAT
AND IT'S PROWLING JUST

BENEATH THE MURKY WATERS.

WHEN EARTH
ODYSSEY RETURNS.

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ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: WHEN THE ARID
SUMMER LEAVES LAKES AND

RIVERS BONE DRY, ANIMALS
OF EVERY ORDER CONGREGATE

AT THE EVER-SHRINKING
POOLS OF WATER.

HERE, BIRDS, MAMMALS, AND
REPTILES COMPETE FOR BOTH

FOOD AND DRINK.

BUT THERE IS AN EVEN
BIGGER PREDATOR HUNTING

THIS MUDDY POND.

MUGGER CROCODILES CRUISE
THE POOLS MAKING THE MOST

OF THE BOUNTY OF FISH NOW
TRAPPED WITH NOWHERE TO

HIDE.

NOWHERE ELSE IN THE INDIA
SUBCONTINENT HAS AS MANY

OF THE HUGE REPTILES AS
THE TINY ISLAND OF SRI

LANKA.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THESE
CROCS EAT MAINLY FISH,

BUT LARGER MALES ARE
ALSO KNOWN TO PREY ON LAND

ANIMALS ATTRACTED
TO THE WATER'S EDGE.

WHILE MUGGERS ARE UNLIKELY
TO TAKE ON THIS MAMMOTH

ELEPHANT, THIS WATER
BUFFALO AND HER CALF NEED

TO REMAIN ON ALERT.

FOR THESE CROCODILES,
SUMMER MEANS ANOTHER

THING: MATING SEASON.

CONFINED WITHIN
THESE SMALL POOLS,

MALES SEARCH FOR FEMALES.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THEY COMPETE FOR
DOMINANCE WITH OTHER MALES

BY THRASHING THEIR TAILS
ON THE SURFACE OF THE

WATER.

BUT ODDLY, PAINTED STORK
SEEM TO HAVE NO FEAR OF

VENTURING INTO THESE
CROCODILE INFESTED WATERS.

THEY USE THEIR FEET TO
STIR UP FISH BELOW THE

SURFACE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: BUT THEY'RE NOT
THE ONLY ONES TO BENEFIT

FROM THE INGENIOUS METHOD.

AS THE FISH TRY TO ESCAPE
THE STORK'S THRASHING

FEET, THEY END UP RIGHT
IN THE CROCODILE'S MOUTH.

PERHAPS THIS IS WHY THE
STORKS AREN'T AFRAID TO

HUNT SO CLOSE TO
SUCH HUGE PREDATORS.

THESE CROCODILES KNOW
BETTER THAN TO LOOK A GIFT

STORK IN THE MOUTH.

THANKS FOR COMING ALONG
WITH ME ON THIS ADVENTURE

THROUGH THE
ISLAND OF SRI LANKA.

I HOPE YOU'VE ENJOYED
EXPERIENCING THE REGION'S

AMAZING WILDLIFE
AS MUCH AS I HAVE.

JOIN ME NEXT TIME AS WE
TRAVEL TO A NEW AND EXOTIC

LOCATION ON EARTH ODYSSEY.

[MUSIC]