All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.with.Dylan.Dreyer.S01E03.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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ANNOUNCER: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT'S
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HEY THERE,
I'M DYLAN DREYER,

AND THIS IS EARTH ODYSSEY.

LAVA EXPLODING, CREATING
ISLANDS FROM THE SEA.

OCEAN CURRENTS
COMING TOGETHER,

CHANGING THE CLIMATE,
FORCING PLANTS AND ANIMALS

TO ADAPT, AND SETTING
THE SCENE FOR A NATURAL

PARADISE ON EARTH.

GET READY TO PLUNGE IN TO
ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL,

VIBRANT, AND LIVING
PLACES IN THE WORLD,

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: RAINBOW ROCK IS AN
EXHIBIT HERE AT RIPLEY'S

AQUARIUM OF MYRTLE BEACH
THAT REVEALS WHAT THE

FORMATION OF AN ACTUAL
CORAL REEF LOOKS LIKE.

MORE THAN A
HUNDRED YEARS AGO,

A YOUNG SCIENTIST
NAMED CHARLES DARWIN HAD A

THEORY ABOUT THESE REEFS.

HE BELIEVED THEY WERE
MADE OF LIVING CREATURES THAT

GREW VERTICALLY BECAUSE
THEY WERE REACHING TOWARD

THE SUNLIGHT.

IN FACT, DARWIN BELIEVED
NATURE WOULD DO WHATEVER

IT TOOK TO SURVIVE, A
THEORY THAT YOU COULD SAY

EVOLVED ON HIS TRIP TO
THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS ARE
VOLCANIC HOTSPOTS DRIFTING

IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN A
THOUSAND MILES WEST OF THE

SOUTH AMERICAN
COUNTRY OF ECUADOR.

THESE ISLANDS REPRESENT
EVOLUTION IN ACTION.

NATURE'S GREAT SCIENCE
EXPERIMENT HAPPENED HERE.

IT WAS A LABORATORY FOR
A 19TH CENTURY BOTANIST

NAMED CHARLES DARWIN.

AT JUST 26 YEARS OLD,
DARWIN SAILED TO THE

GALAPAGOS ON HIS
SHIP, THE HMS BEAGLE.

HE SPENT THE NEXT 30 YEARS
STUDYING THE WILDLIFE HE

BROUGHT HOME
FROM THESE ISLANDS.

HIS GROUNDBREAKING
WORK CENTERED AROUND THE

ISLAND'S
SMALLER INHABITANTS,

PARTICULARLY, THE
FINCHES AND MOCKINGBIRDS.

BY OBSERVING CLOSELY,
DARWIN DISCOVERED THAT

EACH SPECIES OF FINCH
HAD A DIFFERENT BEAK.

SOME WERE LONG AND POINTY
FOR SCRAPING OUT POLLEN

FROM THE
CENTER OF FLOWERS.

OTHERS HAD STUBBY,
SHORT BEAKS FOR MASHING UP

SEEDS.

DARWIN BELIEVED, HOWEVER,
THAT EACH FINCH DESCENDED

FROM THE SAME BIRD.

THESE BIRDS EVOLVED INTO
THEIR OWN SPECIES THROUGH

A PROCESS DARWIN
CALLED NATURAL SELECTION.

THIS THEORY SHAPES SCIENCE
CLASSES TO THIS DAY.

BUT THAT'S NOT THE ONLY
GALAPAGOS NATIVE THAT

DARWIN FOLLOWED.

THESE ARE POSSIBLY THE
MOST FAMOUS INHABITANTS OF

THE ISLAND, THE
GALAPAGOS TORTOISE.

GALAPAGO IS AN OLD SPANISH
WORD MEANING SADDLE.

IT'S A GREAT WAY TO
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF

THEIR SHELLS.

THIS SPECIES OF TORTOISE
IS ALSO THE LARGEST IN THE

WORLD, WEIGHING AS MUCH AS
550 POUNDS AND GROWING TO

BE FIVE FEET IN LENGTH.

THESE TORTOISES HAVE
PERFECTED THE ART OF DOING

NOTHING.

THEY SLEEP, ON
AVERAGE, 16 HOURS A DAY,

ONLY WAKING UP LONG ENOUGH
TO GRAZE ON THE LONG

GRASSES.

THEY WARM THEIR
COLD-BLOODED BODIES BY THE

SUN, AND WHEN
THAT GETS TOO HOT,

SLOWLY, THEY'LL MAKE
THEIR WAY TO THE WATER.

BATHING AND DRINKING FROM
THE ISLAND'S LAKES HELPS

THESE GENTLE GIANTS
REGULATE THEIR TEMPERATURE

ON HOT DAYS.

THIS LAIDBACK TORTOISE CAN
GO A YEAR WITHOUT EATING

OR DRINKING.

THAT'S THANKS TO A SLOW
METABOLISM AND AN INTERNAL

STORAGE AREA FOR WATER.

JUST AS THIS TORTOISE MUST
ADAPT TO ITS SURROUNDINGS,

THE ISLANDS THEMSELVES
KEEP CHANGING AS WELL.

A VOLCANIC HOTSPOT SIX
HUNDRED MILES BENEATH THE

SEA KEEPS THINGS CHANGING.

LAVA CONTINUOUSLY ERUPTS
FROM THE CENTER OF THE

EARTH.

THOSE ERUPTIONS FORM LAND
MASSES THAT WILL COOL DOWN

AND MAKE THEIR
WAY SOUTHEAST,

BUT DON'T EXPECT TO
SEE ANY SUDDEN SHIFTS.

THESE VOLCANIC ISLANDS
ONLY CREATE ABOUT TWO

INCHES EVERY YEAR.

A JOURNEY THAT
ALWAYS ENDS THE SAME,

THE ISLANDS WILL ONE DAY
BE SWALLOWED UP BY THE

OCEAN AGAIN.

THE NEWEST OF THE
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS IS

FERNANDINA.

THE ROUGH BLACK ROCKS FROM
THE LAVA COAT THE ISLAND.

JUST A FEW PLANTS
AND ANIMALS COULD EVER

SURVIVE.

WITH LITTLE COMPETITION,
THIS REPTILE STAKES CLAIM.

THE MARINE IGUANA, IT'S
THE ONLY LIZARD IN THE

WORLD THAT PREFERS TO
SPEND MOST OF ITS TIME IN

THE WATER.

THESE LIZARDS ADAPTED TO
THIS BARREN LANDSCAPE.

NOW THERE ARE MORE THAN 250,000

MARINE IGUANAS ON
THE GALAPAGOS.

THE MARINE IGUANAS ARE
COLD-BLOODED REPTILES,

AND THE OCEAN IS
FREEZING COLD.

THOSE TWO
THINGS DON'T MIX.

TO GET PREPARED, THESE
CREATURES LIE OUT ON THE

HOT ROCKS FOR ABOUT
AN HOUR TO WARM UP.

WHEN IT'S GO TIME, THE
MARINE IGUANA PLUNGES DEEP

INTO THE SEA.

THIS IGUANA'S TAIL IS
FLAT AND ACTS LIKE A BIG

FLIPPER, PROPELLING HIM
AS DEEP AS 40 FEET DOWN.

THESE MARINE
ANIMALS ARE VEGETARIAN.

THEY SEEK OUT THE RED
AND GREEN ALGAE GROWING ON

UNDERWATER ROCKS.

LONG FINGER-LIKE CLAWS
ALLOW THEM TO GRASP THE

ROCKS, HOLDING
TIGHT AS THEY GRAZE.

A SHORT SNOUT LETS THE
IGUANA GET CLOSE TO THE

LAVA ROCKS,
TEARING AT THE ALGAE.

AFTER ABOUT TEN MINUTES,
THE ICY WATER MAKES THEIR

MUSCLES SEIZE UP.

IF THE IGUANAS
DON'T SURFACE QUICKLY,

THEY COULD GET
STUCK UNDERWATER.

INSTINCT DRIVES THE
IGUANAS TO RETURN TO THE

ROCKS BEFORE
IT'S TOO LATE.

MARINE IGUANAS END UP
SWALLOWING A GREAT DEAL OF

SALT DURING THESE
DIVING EXPEDITIONS.

SPECIAL GLANDS ABOVE
EACH EYE COLLECT THE SALT.

WHEN THEY'RE READY, THE
IGUANAS JUST SNEEZE OUT

THE EXCESS SALT.

COMING UP ON
EARTH ODYSSEY,

MEET AN ANIMAL WHO
SWAM THOUSANDS OF MILES TO

REACH THE GALAPAGOS.

AND LATER, WATCH OUT.

THESE BIRDS ARE COMING
IN FOR A CRASH LANDING.

THAT AND MUCH MORE
ON EARTH ODYSSEY.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

ANNOUNCER: THIS EPISODE OF
EARTH ODYSSEY WITH DYLAN

DREYER IS BROUGHT TO
YOU BY RIPLEY'S AQUARIUMS.

DYLAN: WELCOME BACK.

ON EVERY "EARTH
ODYSSEY" WE FIND

A DIVERSE GROUP OF WILDLIFE.

ALL WITH UNIQUE TRAITS THAT
SERVE THEM IN THE WILD.

WELL, YOU'RE ABOUT TO
MEET ANOTHER ANIMAL WITH

A SPECIAL TALENT FOR SURVIVING
AND THRIVING.

TAKE A LOOK.

ISABELLA IS BY FAR THE
LARGEST IN THE CHAIN OF

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

STILL BUBBLING
BENEATH ITS SURFACE,

A REMINDER OF ITS
EXPLOSIVE PAST AS AN

ACTIVE VOLCANO.

IT'S THOUGHT THAT THIS
GALAPAGOS SETTLER WAS ONCE

JUST A CALIFORNIA DREAMER.

SCIENTISTS SAY ANCESTORS
OF THE SEA LION LEFT THEIR

NORTH AMERICAN HOME AND
SWAM NEARLY THREE THOUSAND

MILES TO ISABELLA ISLAND.

GALAPAGOS SEA LIONS
ARE SMALLER THAN THEIR

AMERICAN COUSINS.

TEN FEET LONG AND WEIGHING
IN AT MORE THAN FIVE

HUNDRED POUNDS, THIS
ONE IS NO PUSHOVER.

SEA LIONS ARE THE LARGEST
MAMMALS ON THESE ISLANDS

AND PROBABLY ONE OF THE
FIRST ANIMALS THAT DARWIN

SAW SUNBATHING
ON THE ROCKS.

COMFORTABLE ON
LAND AND IN THE SEA,

THESE CREATURES HAVE HIND
FLIPPERS THAT HELP THEM

NAVIGATE THE
SLIPPERY ROCKS.

NEWBORN PUPS ARE PUT IN A
NURSERY ABOUT A WEEK AFTER

BIRTH.

ONE FEMALE IS IN
CHARGE OF THE WHOLE LOT.

THE OTHER
FEMALES GO ON TRIPS,

LOOKING FOR FOOD.

THOSE TRIPS CAN
LAST SEVERAL DAYS.

MEANWHILE, THE PUPS LEARN
TO SOCIALIZE AND PLAY

TOGETHER.

WHEN THE MOTHERS RETURN,
THEY CALL OUT FOR THEIR

YOUNG PUPS.

[SEA LION BARKING]

WHEN THE PUPS GROW OLDER,
THEY'LL LEARN TO DO THE

SAME, CALLING
FOR THEIR MOTHERS.

[SEA LION BARKING]

THE MALES STAY OUT OF
THE WAY WHEN IT COMES TO

PUP-REARING.

USUALLY, THERE'S ONE
BULL SEA LION CALLED A

BEACHMASTER.

HE WATCHES OVER A GROUP
OF FEMALES AND THEIR PUPS,

BUT HE'S
CHALLENGED BY OTHER BULLS,

AND OFTEN THE
TURNOVER IS FAST.

THIS BEACHMASTER WILL
PROBABLY STAY IN CHARGE

FOR A FEW DAYS
BEFORE GIVING UP.

THE LONGEST ANYONE KEEPS
THE JOB IS ABOUT THREE

MONTHS.

EXHAUSTED FROM
CONSTANTLY PATROLLING,

THE SEA LIONS TAKE A
COLLECTIVE NAP ON THE

SHORES.

A VISITOR COMES BY
TO CHECK IN ON THEM.

THIS LAVA LIZARD FEEDS ON
THE FLIES THAT IRRITATE

THE SEA LIONS, JUMPING ON
THEIR ENORMOUS BACKS TO

CATCH THE BUZZING INSECTS.

IT'S BETTER THAN A
FLYSWATTER AS LONG AS THEY

DON'T END UP
POKING YOU IN THE EYE.

FURTHER EAST IS ANOTHER
ISLAND IN THE GALAPAGOS

CHAIN.

SANTA CRUZ IS HOME TO A
STRANGE-LOOKING BIRD THAT

FLIES AERIAL MISSIONS
WITH ITS FELLOW WINGED

WARRIORS.

THESE ARE THE
BLUE-FOOTED BOOBIES.

TOGETHER, FROM ONE
HUNDRED FEET IN THE AIR,

THEY PLUNGE INTO THE COLD
WATERS OFF OF SANTA CRUZ.

60 MILES AN HOUR, REACHING
DEPTHS OF 80 FEET TO CATCH

FISH.

THEY DON'T EVEN
BOTHER WAITING TO EAT.

THESE BIRDS GULP DOWN
THEIR DINNER UNDERWATER.

THERE ARE AROUND 20,000 PAIRS OF
THESE BIRDS IN THE GALAPAGOS,

AND THAT'S JUST ABOUT
THREE-QUARTERS OF THE WORLD'S

POPULATION.

THE BLUE-FOOTED BOOBIES
TAKE GREAT PRIDE IN THE

COLOR OF THEIR FEET.

STRUTTING AROUND, THESE
BIRDS SHOW A POTENTIAL

MATE HOW QUALIFIED HE
IS, BECAUSE FEMALES ALWAYS

LIKE THE MALES
WITH THE BLUEST FEET.

ANOTHER TACTIC,
SKY-POINTING THEIR BILLS.

THAT'S WHEN THE
BIRDS CROSS THEIR WINGS,

HUNCHING OVER.

OBVIOUSLY, SHE THINKS
IT'S CUTE AND COPIES HIM.

ANOTHER MALE BIRD TRIES
TO GET IN ON THE ACTION.

BUT AFTER A LITTLE
SWORDPLAY WITH THEIR

BEAKS, HE'S TURNED AWAY.

BEST TO TRY
SOMEWHERE ELSE.

COMING UP ON
EARTH ODYSSEY,

THE WORLD'S OCEAN
CURRENTS COME TOGETHER,

CREATING A SPECTACULAR
BREEDING GROUND FOR ONE

ODD-LOOKING SHARK.

AND LATER, WATCH OUT, THIS
YELLOW-BILLED AVIATOR IS

COMING IN FOR A LANDING.

THAT AND MUCH MORE COMING UP
NEXT ON EARTH ODYSSEY.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: WELCOME BACK
TO EARTH ODYSSEY.

INSIDE THIS EXHIBIT,
YOU'LL FIND A SAWFISH

WHOSE UNIQUE FACE REALLY
MAKES AN IMPRESSION.

STRANGE-LOOKING CREATURES
LIKE THIS CAN BE FOUND

THROUGHOUT THE OCEANS,
INCLUDING THE GALAPAGOS,

FROM GIANT TORTOISES
TO BIRDS THAT LOOK LIKE

THEY'VE STEPPED
IN BLUE PAINT,

AND JUST WAIT UNTIL YOU
SEE WHAT'S SWIMMING AROUND

JUST OFF THE COAST
OF THESE ISLANDS.

THERE ARE THREE OCEAN
CURRENTS THAT COLLIDE

RIGHT AT THE GALAPAGOS,
AND EVEN THOUGH THESE

ISLANDS ARE ON
THE EQUATOR,

ONE OF THE HOTTEST
POINTS ON EARTH,

THEY ENJOY
DRIER, COOLER AIR.

THE OCEAN CURRENTS HEAVILY
IMPACT THE CLIMATE.

FIRST, THE PANAMA CURRENT
WARMS THE WATER FOR THE

TROPICAL MARINE LIFE.

THE FREEZING COLD HUMBOLDT
CURRENT FROM ANTARCTICA

CHILLS THE WATER.

AND THE CROMWELL
CURRENT CARRIES DEEP,

COOL WATER TO THE SURFACE
AS IT APPROACHES THE

GALAPAGOS SHELF.

THE MIXTURE OF CURRENTS
IS THE PERFECT RECIPE TO

CREATE A NUTRIENT-RICH
OCEAN FULL OF GREEN ALGAE,

WHICH HAPPENS TO BE THE
FAVORITE FOOD FOR THE FIVE

HUNDRED PLUS SPECIES OF
FISH SWIMMING IN THESE

WATERS, LITTLE AND BIG.

WITH SUCH ABUNDANT FOOD,
THESE PREDATORS HUNT OFF

THE GALAPAGOS
COASTLINES ALL YEAR.

HAMMERHEAD SHARKS GET
THEIR NAMES FROM THEIR

UNUSUALLY SHAPED HEADS.

THEIR EYES ARE
THREE-AND-A-HALF FEET

APART, AND SOME
HAMMERHEADS GROW TO BE 12

FEET LONG.

BUT POSSIBLY THE BIGGEST
SURPRISE DOWN HERE FOR

SCIENTISTS,
PENGUINS, LOTS OF THEM,

AND THE ONLY KIND OF
ITS SPECIES NORTH OF THE

EQUATOR.

SCIENTISTS THINK GALAPAGOS
PENGUINS SWAM UP FROM

ANTARCTICA DURING
THE LAST ICE AGE.

WHEN THE EARTH WARMED
UP AND THE ICE MELTED,

THE PENGUINS COULDN'T GET
BACK TO THE SOUTH POLE.

STUCK ON THE ISLANDS, THEY
LEARNED TO ADAPT TO THE

WARMER CLIMATE, ENJOYING
THE ABUNDANT MARINE LIFE

DOWN BELOW.

COMING UP NEXT ON
EARTH ODYSSEY,

A FOUR-MILLION-YEAR-OLD
ISLAND HOLDS SECRETS OF

THE EARTH, AND THEN
MAKING A RUN FOR IT;

THESE GALAPAGOS NATIVES
ARE READY FOR TAKEOFF.

THAT AND MUCH MORE COMING UP
NEXT ON EARTH ODYSSEY.

.

ANNOUNCER: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: WELCOME BACK
TO EARTH ODYSSEY.

SPEWING HOT LAVA FROM THE
EARTH'S CENTER FORCED THE

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS TO SHOOT
OUT OF THE OCEAN MILLIONS

OF YEARS AGO,
AND EVERY YEAR,

THE ISLANDS SLOWLY
DRIFT AWAY FROM THE ACTIVE

VOLCANIC HOTSPOT
DEEP BENEATH THE WATER,

NONE AS MUCH AS THE
ISLAND OF ESPANOLA.

THIS ANCIENT VOLCANIC MASS
DRIFTED ONE HUNDRED MILES

FROM ITS ORIGINAL
VOLCANIC HOTSPOT OVER ITS

FOUR-MILLION-YEAR
LIFESPAN,

EVERY YEAR COOLING AND
CONTRACTING A LITTLE MORE.

IT'S A FLAT, DRY SURFACE
WITH LITTLE LEFT TO OFFER,

EXCEPT PERHAPS THE
PERFECT RUNWAY FOR A WAVED

ALBATROSS, ANOTHER ONE OF
GALAPAGOS' GIANT SPECIES

OF BIRDS.

ESPANOLA IS THE ONLY PLACE
IN THE WORLD THAT THE

WAVED ALBATROSS WILL
RAISE ITS YOUNG CHICKS.

EVERY SPRING, 24,000
HOPEFUL PARENTS MAKE THEIR

WAY BACK TO THIS ISLAND.

THESE BIRDS HAVE
ONE PARTNER FOR LIFE.

IT TAKES FIVE DAYS TO
CATCH UP AFTER A WHOLE

YEAR APART FROM ITS MATE.

[BIRD SQUAWKING]

THE PARENTS WILL TRAVEL
ALMOST TWO THOUSAND MILES

ROUNDTRIP LOOKING FOR
FOOD FOR THEIR YOUNG.

THE HARDEST PART MAY BE
TAKING OFF AND LANDING.

THE WHOLE COLONY OF BIRDS
WILL STAY ON ESPANOLA FOR

EIGHT MONTHS.

ONCE THE
CHICKS TAKE FLIGHT,

THEY WILL STAY AWAY FROM
THE ISLAND FOR FIVE OR SIX

YEARS UNTIL THEY ARE READY
TO BE PARENTS THEMSELVES.

THESE ISLANDS ARE
FULL OF SURPRISES,

THE SECRETS OF NATURE
EVOLVING OVER THOUSANDS OF

YEARS.

THE GALAPAGOS ARE LIKE
EARTH'S GREAT SCIENCE

CLASSROOM, STILL TEACHING
US HOW THE WORLD WORKS.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING
US ON THIS JOURNEY TO

POSSIBLY THE GREATEST
VOLCANIC HOTSPOT ON EARTH.

IT'S EXCITING TO SEE
FIRSTHAND HOW DARWIN'S

VISIT TO THE GALAPAGOS
SHAPED OUR UNDERSTANDING

OF OUR NATURAL WORLD.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME FOR
ANOTHER EARTH ODYSSEY.

[MUSIC]