All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S06E20.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU’RE WATCHING

TELEVISION THAT IS EDUCATIONAL
AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

AND IT'S TIME FOR AN INCREDIBLE
ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY."

TODAY, WE ARE SCOURING THE GLOBE
TO FIND THE ANIMALS WITH SOME OF

THE WORLD'S MOST ASTONISHING
APPETITES.

LIKE THIS GROUP OF GRAZERS THAT
CAN CLEAR FIELDS FOR MILES

AROUND.

AND A ROAMING GIANT WHOSE MEALS
COME IN ELEPHANTINE PROPORTIONS.

LATER, WE'LL MEET A HORNED HARD
BODY WITH A NOSE FOR FINDING A

GOOD MEAL.

BUT FIRST, WE MAKE OUR WAY TO
THE WATERFRONT TO SEE A WHOLE

FAMILY WITH A HEAVYWEIGHT
HUNGER.

THERE'S SO MUCH TO SEE COMING UP
ON "EARTH ODYSSEY."

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE ANIMAL KINGDOM IS
ALWAYS FULL OF THE UNEXPECTED.

AND A BIG 9,000-POUND EXAMPLE IS
THE HIPPOPOTAMUS.

WHILE THEIR MASS MAY IMPRESS,
IT'S THEIR MUNCHING THAT

MATTERS.

THESE SEMI-AQUATIC CREATURES
PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THEIR

ECOSYSTEM, HELPING TO CLEAR
RIVERS, STREAMS AND LAKES BY

EATING HUGE AMOUNTS OF AQUATIC
PLANTS.

AND THERE'S NOTHING A HIPPO
LOVES MORE THAN A WELL CARED FOR

WATERWAY.

FROM ALMOST THE MOMENT THEY'RE
BORN, HIPPOS HAVE A SPECIAL

KINSHIP WITH THE WATER.

THESE YOUNG CALVES ARE TAKING
FULL ADVANTAGE OF THEIR AQUATIC

PLAYGROUND WITH SOME WRESTLING.

IT'S ALL FUN AND GAMES FOR NOW.

BUT WHEN THEY'RE ADULTS, THE
SIZE OF THEIR CANINES AND

STRENGTH OF THEIR JAWS WILL MEAN
THEY SAVE THESE TYPES OF BRAWLS

FOR SERIOUS MATTERS ONLY.

HIPPOS ARE A RELATIVELY SOCIAL
BUNCH IN THE WILD.

THEY LIVE IN GROUPS MOSTLY
COMPOSED OF A DOMINANT MALE AND

A FEW FEMALES WITH THEIR YOUNG.

EACH ALPHA MALE ONLY CONTROLS
100 YARDS OF RIVERBANK, BUT THEY

DEFEND IT FIERCELY.

AS LONG AS NO CHALLENGERS ARISE,
THE WATERFRONT REMAINS SERENE.

[MUSIC, SOUNDS OF NATURE]

DYLAN: HIPPOS AREN'T PICKY WHEN
IT COMES TO BODIES OF WATER.

AS LONG AS THEY CAN SUBMERGE
THEMSELVES COMPLETELY, THEY'RE

AS HAPPY AS CAN BE.

AND FOR GOOD REASON.

A HIPPO'S SKIN ISN'T
AS THICK AS IT LOOKS,

NOR DO THEY HAVE
ANY SWEAT GLANDS.

THAT MEANS THEY DEHYDRATE FAST.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: NO WONDER THEY HAVE SUCH
A STRONG CONNECTION TO THE

WATER.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: ONCE UNDER THE SURFACE,
THEY MAKE THEIR WAY TO THE

BOTTOM, HOLDING THEIR BREATH AS
THEY MOVE AROUND.

BUT WHAT ARE THEY DOING DOWN
THERE?

IT'S A TRUE MYSTERY.

ONE THING WE KNOW THEY'RE NOT
DOING IS EATING.

THAT REQUIRES TOO MUCH
BREATHING.

BUT WHAT THEY CAN DO IS SLEEP.

THEY CAN EVEN COME TO THE
SURFACE TO BREATHE WITHOUT

WAKING UP.

TALK ABOUT TRUSTING YOUR
INSTINCTS.

WHEN IT COMES TIME TO FEED,
HIPPOS GORGE ON GRASS.

THEY CAN EAT UP TO 90 POUNDS OF
IT IN A DAY.

BUT THEY PREFER TO EAT ALONE;
NOT WANTING TO RUB SHOULDERS

WITH THEIR FELLOW HIPPOS DURING
A MEAL.

HOWEVER, WHEN THE MEAL IS OVER,
HIPPOS ARE MORE THAN HAPPY TO

HANG OUT.

THE REASON BEHIND THEIR CLOSE
SOCIAL BONDS ISN'T EXACTLY

CLEAR.

IT COULD BE PART OF ROUTINE.

IN THE SUMMER WHEN THERE ISN'T
MUCH WATER, THEY PACK TOGETHER

TO SHARE WHAT WATER THERE IS.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: IT COULD ALSO BE A
DEFENSIVE STRATEGY TO PROTECT

THEIR YOUNG FROM CROCODILES.

BUT THE REAL ANSWER IS THAT WE
SIMPLY AREN'T SURE.

THESE MAJESTIC MAMMALS ARE PROOF
THAT NATURE IS STILL FULL OF

MYSTERIES.

WHEN WE COME BACK, WE'LL MEET A
BEEFY BOVINE THAT FINDS STRENGTH

IN NUMBERS.

AND SEE WHAT IT TAKES TO SATIATE
THESE MASSIVE MAMMALS.

PLUS, A SAVANNA STYLE THAT DATES
BACK MILLIONS OF YEARS.

THIS AND SO MUCH MORE NEXT ON
"EARTH ODYSSEY."

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: EACH FAMILY OF ANIMALS IS
TIED TOGETHER BY COMMON TRAITS

THAT MAKE THEM UNIQUE, SETTING
THEM APART FROM OTHER ANIMALS.

LET'S USE THE GREAT FAMILY OF
BOVIDAE AS AN EXAMPLE.

THERE'S THE BUFFALO
AND THE ANTELOPES;

75 SPECIES IN ALL,
VARYING IN SHAPE,

SIZE AND COLOR.

BUT WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

TO START, THEY HAVE TWO-TOED
HOOFS.

ALL THE MALES HAVE HORNS.

AND EVERY ONE OF THEM LOVES TO
GRAZE THE DAY AWAY, EATING AMPLE

AMOUNTS OF VEGETATION.

BUT EVEN WITH THEIR
SIMILARITIES, EACH SPECIES IS

ORGANIZED DIFFERENTLY, CHOOSING
EITHER TO LIVE IN A GROUP OR

ALONE.

IT'S ALMOST HALF AND HALF.

43 SPECIES LIVE IN COMMUNITIES
WHILE 32 OF THEM KEEP TO

THEMSELVES.

BUFFALO CERTAINLY PREFER THE
FORMER.

FOR THEM, LIVING IN GROUPS IS A
KEY TO THEIR SURVIVAL STRATEGY.

IT'S IMPOSSIBLE FOR THEM TO KEEP
OUT OF SIGHT, ESPECIALLY AS THEY

HAVE TO KEEP MOVING DUE TO THEIR
MASSIVE APPETITE.

AT ANY MOMENT, THEY COULD COME
UPON A PREDATOR ON THE PROWL.

SO, HOW DO THEY PREPARE FOR
THIS?

THEY LIVE IN GROUPS WHICH TURNS
OUT TO BE AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THEIR NUMBER AND THEIR
MASS CAN BE A STRONG DETERRENT

FOR ANY PREDATOR, ESPECIALLY IN
THIS HERD WHERE EVERY ANIMAL IS

KEEPING WATCH FOR EACH OTHER.

IN A HERD OF SEVERAL HUNDRED
MEMBERS LIKE THIS ONE, THE RISK

OF BEING A PREDATOR'S NEXT
VICTIM IS DEFINITELY LESS OF A

WORRY.

WHILE THE BUFFALO MAKE UP A
STABLE AND TIGHTKNIT GROUP,

GIRAFFES ARE A DIFFERENT STORY
ENTIRELY.

IN GENERAL, THEY ARE PHYSICALLY
AND SOCIALLY APART FROM ONE

ANOTHER.

AS FOR THE INDIVIDUALS
THEMSELVES, THEY HAVE A FEW

SURPRISES HIDDEN UP THEIR VERY
LONG SLEEVES.

FOR EXAMPLE, GIRAFFES ARE WHAT'S
CALLED RUMINATE; MEANING THEY

CAN GET NUTRIENTS BY FERMENTING
FOOD IN THEIR STOMACHS.

OR HOW ABOUT THE FACT THAT THEY
HAVE CLOVEN HOOVES LIKE GAZELLES

OR GOATS?

ANOTHER INTERESTING FACT IS THAT
THE MALE'S COAT DARKENS WITH AGE

WHILE THE FEMALES DON'T.

HOWEVER, WHAT TRULY SETS
GIRAFFES APART IS THEIR

IMPRESSIVE REACH.

SOME AS TALL AS 18 FEET, THEY'RE
MASTERS OF PICKING THEIR FOOD

FROM THE TOP SHELF.

ADDING SOME EXTRA REACH WITH
THEIR NEARLY 2-FOOT-LONG

TONGUES, THESE GRAZERS CAN FEED
WHERE NO ONE ELSE CAN.

GORGEOUS, BUT A BIT GAWKY.

ODD, BUT UNDOUBTEDLY
AWE-INSPIRING.

THE GIRAFFE IS AN ANIMAL THAT
TOWERS OVER THE AFRICAN

LANDSCAPE AS A TRULY HIGH-CLASS
HERBIVORE.

COMING UP, THIS GIANT GRAZER HAS
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM'S MOST

VERSATILE DINNER UTENSIL.

AND WE'LL SEE HOW FINDING A GOOD
MEAL IS ALL ABOUT FOLLOWING YOUR

NOSE.

STICK AROUND FOR MORE "EARTH
ODYSSEY."

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: AFRICA IS HOME TO THE
LARGEST LAND ANIMALS ON EARTH.

THIS LUSH AND DIVERSE LANDSCAPE
OFFERS ENOUGH FOOD, WATER AND

SPACE FOR EVEN THE MOST COLOSSAL
CREATURES TO THRIVE.

WHILE THEIR SIZE MAY MEAN THEY
AREN'T THREATENED BY PREDATORS,

BEING THE BIGGEST AROUND COMES
WITH ITS OWN DIFFICULTIES.

ONE HERD OF TUSK-WIELDING TITANS
MUST WORK AROUND THE CLOCK TO

STAY FIT FOR FORAGING.

AFRICAN ELEPHANTS, A MAMMAL WITH
AN APPETITE TO MATCH THEIR

INCREDIBLE SIZE.

BUT THAT KIND OF HUNGER COMES
WITH A THIRST TO MATCH.

AN ELEPHANT CAN DRINK UP TO 50
GALLONS EVERY DAY USING ITS

TRUNK AS AN EASY WAY TO COLLECT
WATER AND SPRAY IT INTO ITS

MOUTH.

A SINGLE TRUNKFUL CAN CARRY
MULTIPLE GALLONS OF WATER.

THAT'S SOME SERIOUSLY
HEAVYWEIGHT HYDRATION.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THIRST TAKEN CARE OF,
IT'S BACK TO THEIR FAVORITE PAST

TIME - GRAZING.

THIS HERD IS HARD AT WORK
GRABBING LEAVES FROM THE HIGH

BRANCHES IN THIS TREE.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: AS THEY MUNCH, THEIR
POWERFUL EARS ACT AS A COOLING

SYSTEM FOR THEM.

AROUND THE BACKSIDE OF THE
ELEPHANT, THEIR TAIL IS AN

EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR
SWATTING AWAY ANY UNWANTED PESTS

OR BIRDS.

BUT OF COURSE, EVERY APPENDAGE
PALES IN COMPARISON TO THE MOST

VERSATILE OF ALL - THE TRUNK.

INCREDIBLY MOBILE AND ACCURATE,
TRUNKS CAN ACT AS A SNORKEL,

ARM AND FLY-SWATTER AT ANY GIVEN
MOMENT.

THE DEXTERITY WITH WHICH THEY
CAN GRAB AND PICK OUT FOOD WITH

THEIR TRUNK IS UNMATCHED AMONG
ITS FELLOW ANIMAL CITIZENS OF

THE SAVANNA.

BUT THERE ARE MORE HIDDEN
ATTRIBUTES OF THE ELEPHANT'S

MAKEUP.

THEIR SKIN HAS NO SWEAT GLANDS,
MAKING IT UNATTRACTIVE TO MANY

PESTS LIKE TICS.

HOWEVER, THAT DOESN'T MEAN A
GOOD DUST BATH GOES TO WASTE.

IT CAN HELP DETRACT MITES AND
OTHER TINY INSECTS.

SO, IN THIS CASE, THE DIRTIER
THE BETTER.

WHILE ELEPHANTS ARE ONE OF THE
WILD'S MOST WELL-KNOWN ANIMALS,

THEY OFTEN RAISE THE MOST
QUESTION.

FOR EXAMPLE, IF THEY HAVE NO
SWEAT GLANDS, WHAT'S THAT LIQUID

WE SEE TRICKLING BETWEEN THE EYE
AND THE EAR?

IT'S FROM THE ELEPHANT'S
TEMPORAL GLAND.

ON FEMALES OR THE YOUNG, IT'S
SIMPLY CAUSED BY A STATE OF

STRESS OR EXCITEMENT.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: BUT WHEN IT COMES TO THE
MATURE MALES, IT MEANS THEY ARE

IN A PERIOD KNOWN AS MUSTH.

MUSTH IS A CONDITION IN MALE
ELEPHANTS THAT SEES A MASSIVE

INCREASE IN THEIR REPRODUCTIVE
HORMONES.

A TIME WHEN OTHER ANIMALS KNOW
THEY MUST BE CAREFUL.

THEIR TESTOSTERONE LEVELS CAN
REACH MORE THAN 60 TIMES THE

USUAL AMOUNT.

AND USUALLY, THAT MEANS SOME
HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR.

THIS BULL CAN SENSE IT IN HIS
COMPATRIOT AND PREFERS TO AVOID

CONTACT ALTOGETHER.

WHEN IN THIS MOOD, AN ELEPHANT
CAN CHASE OFF ALL THE MALES IN

THE VICINITY TO BE ALONE WITH
THE FEMALES.

BUT STRANGELY, THIS PHENOMENON
IS NOT ENTIRELY LINKED TO

REPRODUCTION.

MALES CAN MATE PERFECTLY WELL
WITHOUT EVER GOING INTO THIS

MUSTH STATE.

SO, ITS TRUE REASON REMAINS A
TRUE MYSTERY.

JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF NATURE'S
ABILITY TO KEEP US GUESSING.

AFTER THE BREAK, WE'LL SEE HOW
THIS HUNGRY HULK'S DIET IS ALL

ABOUT MODERATION.

WHEN "EARTH ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: SOME CREATURES HAVE
CONNECTIONS FAR BACK BEYOND

HUMAN HISTORY.

BUT WE CAN STILL SEE THEIR
ANCIENT PAST TODAY AS A SPECIAL

FEW HAVE KEPT THEIR PREHISTORIC
APPEARANCE.

THE BLACK RHINO IS ONE OF THE
LAST EXAMPLES OF A FAMILY OF

ANIMALS WHICH APPEARED ON THE
PLANET 35 MILLION YEARS AGO.

AT THAT TIME, THEY HAD NO HORN,
BUT WERE NONETHELESS REAL RHINOS

WITH HUGE BODIES, SHORT LEGS AND
A LONG HEAD WITH A PREHENSILE

UPPER LIP RESEMBLING A TURTLE'S
BEAK.

ONE OTHER SPECIES OF RHINO HAS
SURVIVED, THE WHITE RHINO.

TWICE THE SIZE OF ITS BLACK
COUSIN, IT APPEARED MILLIONS OF

YEARS LATER DURING THE
QUATERNARY ERA.

IN BOTH SPECIES, THE EYES ARE
SMALL AND SET VERY LOW ON THEIR

CHEEKS.

TO COMPENSATE FOR THEIR POOR
SIGHT, THEY RELY ON THEIR EARS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WHILE THE BLACK RHINO
WILL EAT UP TO 200 VARIETIES OF

PLANT, WHITE RHINOS EAT ONLY
GRASS.

RHINOS HAVE NEITHER CANINES NOR
INCISORS; THEREFORE, THEY USE

THEIR LIPS TO GRAB AND TEAR
THEIR FOOD.

THE WHITE RHINO'S LIPS ARE WHITE
AND STRAIGHT TO PROVIDE A BIGGER

CUTTING EDGE.

RHINOS EAT MAINLY IN THE MORNING
AND THE EVENING.

IN THIS CASE, JUST AFTER A MUD
BATH.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: THEY CAN GET BY ON 40 TO
70 POUNDS OF GRASS A DAY, A

SURPRISINGLY SMALL AMOUNT FOR
ANIMALS THIS BIG.

THE REASON FOR THIS LIMITED NEED
FOR FOOD IS THEIR SLOW

METABOLISM AND THAT THEY EXERT
THEMSELVES SO LITTLE THEY CAN

SEEM APATHETIC.

RHINOS HAVE THE REPUTATION OF
BEING SOLITARY CREATURES, WHICH

IS TRUE OF THE TERRITORIAL
MALES.

FEMALES, ON THE OTHER HAND, ARE
RARELY ALONE.

IF THEY HAVE NO YOUNG, THEY JOIN
UP WITH OTHER FEMALES IN THE

SAME SITUATION AND LIVE TOGETHER
IN SMALL, STABLE GROUPS.

THE STRONGEST AND MOST ENDURING
SOCIAL BOND AMONG RHINOS IS THAT

BETWEEN A MOTHER AND ITS BABY.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: THEY STAY TOGETHER FOR 2
TO 3 YEARS, WAY PAST WEANING AND

BEYOND THE STAGE WHEN THEIR SIZE
LEAVES THEM VULNERABLE TO

PREDATORS.

BARELY AN HOUR AFTER ITS BORN,
THE BABY RHINO CAN ALREADY STAND

ALONGSIDE ITS MOTHER.

THIS ONE IS NOW 2 MONTHS OLD AND
HAS ALREADY BEGUN GRAZING.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

DYLAN: DESPITE THIS
PRECOCIOUSNESS, THE RHINO'S LIFE

WILL NOT LIVE UP TO ITS EARLY
PROMISE.

THIS COSSETED CHILDHOOD SPENT
EXCLUSIVELY WITH ITS MOTHER

MERELY PREPARES IT FOR A LIFE
WITHOUT ANY SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL

RELATIONS.

WHILE A SOLITARY EXISTENCE MAY
SEEM HARSH, IT HAS PROVEN TO BE

THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY FOR THESE
GRASSLAND GIANTS TO THRIVE

THROUGH THE GENERATIONS.

ALL OF THE INCREDIBLE WILDLIFE
AROUND THE WORLD CAN INTRIGUE

AND IMPRESS.

BUT THE STAGGERING SIZES OF
EARTH'S GIANT MAMMALS ARE

AWE-INSPIRING.

THE ABILITY OF THESE BEHEMOTHS
TO ADAPT AND THRIVE ARE JUST

SOME OF THE REASONS WHY THEY'RE
TRUE ICONS OF THE WILD.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON OUR
ADVENTURE INTO THE LAND OF THE

LARGEST ANIMALS.

I HOPE TO SEE YOU NEXT TIME FOR
ANOTHER EPISODE OF "EARTH

ODYSSEY."

[MUSIC]