All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S06E15.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-BTN_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU’RE WATCHING

TELEVISION THAT IS EDUCATIONAL
AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

AND IT'S TIME FOR AN INCREDIBLE
ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE'RE CRUISING THE OCEAN
FLOOR FOR A LOOK AT THE PECULIAR

WORLD OF CRUSTACEANS,

LIKE THIS SEE-THROUGH SEAFARER
WHO'S NOT AFRAID TO SHOW YOU

WHAT THEY'RE MADE OF

AND A CRAB WITH A DETACHABLE
DEFENSE SYSTEM.

LATER, WE'LL MEET WHAT'S BROUGHT
THIS CRUSTY CRITTER OUT OF ITS

SHELL,

BUT WE BEGIN OUR JOURNEY BY
TAKING A LOOK AT WHERE THESE

CURIOUS CREATURES START THEIRS.

JOIN US FOR AN UNDERWATER
ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

CRUSTACEANS ARE EXTREMELY CRAFTY
CHARACTERS.

THEIR ABILITY TO USE THEIR
ENVIRONMENT AND EVEN THE ANIMALS

LIVING ALONGSIDE THEM AS A FORM
OF PROTECTION IS IMPRESSIVE.

MANY CRUSTACEANS USE TECHNIQUES
THAT ARE COMMON AMONG MANY OTHER

SPECIES, BUT THEY'RE EFFECTIVE
AS EVER ON THE OCEAN FLOOR.

CAMOUFLAGE IS A COMMON METHOD OF
HIDING OUT IN THE WILD, BUT

CRUSTACEANS HAVE ANOTHER TRICK
UP THEIR SLEEVE.

THEY'RE EXPERTS IN FINDING AND
DISAPPEARING INTO SHELTER.

SOME, LIKE THESE MUD SHRIMPS,
SYSTEMATICALLY TAKING COVER.

EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE SHELLS,
THEY TEND TO HIDE IN CRACKS IN

THE ROCK, SPONGES, OR LIKE HERE,
IN BITS OF WOOD.

LIFE SEEMS PRETTY EVENTFUL
IN THIS COMMUNITY,

AND FIGHTS ARE COMMON.

OTHER TINY CREATURES HAVE CHOSEN
A NOMADIC LIFE ON THE BACKS OF

SEA CUCUMBERS.

THIS CRAB, WHICH IS JUST TWO
INCHES WIDE, WITHDRAWS INTO ITS

HOST WHEN IT FEELS THREATENED.

IT SHARES THIS SHELTER WITH
THESE EMPEROR SHRIMPS.

BY OBSERVING THEIR WAY OF LIFE,
IT'S EVIDENT THAT MANY

CRUSTACEANS HAVE PERFECTED
UNUSUAL, SOPHISTICATED, AND

PRETTY UNIQUE TECHNIQUES FOR
SURVIVING IN HOSTILE CONDITIONS.

ALL THESE METHODS HAVE THE SAME
OBJECTIVE, TO LIVE IN ORDER TO

REPRODUCE AND THUS PERPETUATE
THE SPECIES.

MAINLY OVIPAROUS, OR EGG-LAYING
CRUSTACEANS, HAVE SEPARATE

GENDERS.

REPRODUCTION IS ALWAYS BETWEEN
TWO PARTNERS AND JUST AFTER

MOLTING WHEN THE SHELL IS STILL
SOFT.

DURING INCUBATION, THE FEMALE
CARRIES THE EGGS.

INVISIBLE IN CRABS, THEY'RE
EASIER TO SEE IN THE GHOST

SHRIMP.

FOR ALL TO SEE, THE THOUSANDS OF
EGGS OF THE BRIGHTLY COLORED

MANTIS SHRIMP ARE GATHERED IN A
BOWL IN FRONT OF ITS MOUTH AND

BETWEEN HIS LEGS.

THE TIMING OF HATCHING VARIES
WITH THE SPECIES.

IT TAKES PLACE BETWEEN ONE AND
THREE WEEKS AFTER EGG-LAYING.

ONCE HATCHED, CRUSTACEANS PASS
THROUGH LARVAL STAGES AND

UNDERGO MANY CHANGES.

LARVAE ARE PART OF ANIMAL
PLANKTON.

THEY ARE CARRIED BY THE CURRENT
AND SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE

WORLD'S SEAS AND OCEANS.

FEW LARVAE SURVIVE BECAUSE THEY
ARE A SOURCE OF FOOD FOR MANY

MARINE ANIMALS.

THEY ARE SO SMALL, THAT IT'S
HARD TO SEE THEM BEING EATEN.

ONLY THE PREDATOR'S MOVEMENTS
INDICATE THEIR PRESENCE.

HERE, THE CHARACTERISTIC
SWINGING OF THE PIPEFISH'S HEAD

ACCOMPANYING THE HUNT ATTESTS TO
THIS.

CRUSTACEANS PREYING ON OTHER
CRUSTACEANS ISN'T UNHEARD OF.

THIS TOZEUMA SHRIMP IS HAPPILY
NIBBLING ON TINY PLANKTON

LARVAE.

ATTACHED ANIMALS LOVE THEM, TOO,
AND GRAB THEM AS THEY PASS.

WHEN WE LOOK EXTREMELY CLOSELY,
YOU CAN SEE THE HOARDS OF TINY

CRUSTACEANS HOLDING ON TO
SURVIVAL IN THE HOPES OF

BECOMING A THRIVING ADULT.

WHEN WE COME BACK, THE SHRIMP IS
ALL ABOUT SHOWING OFF ITS INNER

BEAUTY, AND THERE'S A CORAL REEF
RESIDENT WITH A DELICATE

DISPOSITION.

PLUS, GET A RARE LOOK AT HOW
CRUSTACEANS SIZE UP IN THE DEEP

SEA.

ALL THIS NEXT ON "EARTH
ODYSSEY".

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: TO SURVIVE AND ESCAPE
PREDATORS, SOME CRUSTACEANS HAVE

PERFECTED CLOSE PROTECTION
TECHNIQUES.

AND SO LIKE THE WELL-KNOWN
CLOWNFISH, THIS TINY TRANSPARENT

SHRIMP, OR THE ANEMONE PARTNER
SHRIMP, HAS FOUND REFUGE IN THE

ANEMONE'S STINGING ARMS.

IN ANOTHER ANEMONE, A SMALL
WHITE TRIANGLE IS BOBBING ABOUT.

ANOTHER TINY SHRIMP WHOSE AMBER
BODY IS PARTIALLY VISIBLE.

MAYBE THE MOST PRECIOUS AND
FRAGILE, THE BUBBLE CORAL SHRIMP

IS SHELTERING IN THE MATERNAL
CURVES OF ITS ANEMONE.

IT HAS A THIN PURPLE LINE ALONG
ITS BACK, CLAWS, AND LEGS AND

WHAT APPEAR TO BE SMALL DIAMONDS
BETWEEN EACH JOINT.

OTHERS HAVE CHOSEN MOBILE HOMES,
LIKE THESE COLEMAN SHRIMPS THAT

LOOK PRETTY COMFY IN THIS FIRE
URCHIN.

THEY MOVE ABOUT SAFELY, SHIELDED
BY THE PRICKLES, AND FEED ON THE

SPOT.

AND SO IN EXCHANGE FOR THEIR
CLEANING SERVICES, THEY ENJOY

FREE TRAVEL AND LODGING AND LIVE
UNDISTURBED.

AS FOR THE SPIDER CRABS, THEY
USE DIFFERENT SURVIVAL

TECHNIQUES.

THAT'S THE CASE OF THESE CRABS
THAT DON'T HESITATE TO CHANGE

APPEARANCE TO DISGUISE
THEMSELVES.

BUT IS DISGUISE THE RIGHT WORD
WHEN IT'S A QUESTION OF GRAFTS,

OR TRANSPLANTS, ON YOUR OWN
BODY?

WHITE OR PINKISH IN COLOR, THESE
UNQUESTIONABLY ELEGANT AND

GRACEFUL CRABS OWE THEIR
FEATHERY APPEARANCE TO ANEMONES

ON THEIR BODIES.

CAMOUFLAGED LIVING TAKES MANY
AND VARIED FORMS.

THIS IMPOSING FIGURE HAS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMONES

GRAFTED ALL OVER ITS BODY.

GIVING FREE REIGN TO THEIR
IMAGINATION, EACH CRAB DEVELOPS

A TOTALLY WILD LOOK.

SOME APPEAR TO BE WEARING HATS,
EACH MORE EXTRAVAGANT THAN THE

LAST AND ALWAYS PRECARIOUSLY
BALANCED.

IN THE BLOOMING CATEGORY, THIS
CLUMP OF WAVING ALGAE CRAB WOULD

DEFINITELY WIN THE PRIZE FOR
HUMOR.

AND WHAT ABOUT THESE POWERFUL
TANKS IN ACTION THAT YOU ONLY

NOTICE WHEN THEY MOVE.

TO HIDE FROM VIEW AND NOT TO BE
SEEN BY THEIR PREDATORS, OTHER

TINY CRABS HAVE CHOSEN TO DRESS
LIKE THEIR HOSTS.

LIKE GARDENERS, THEY GROW
GORGONIAN CORALS, OR POLYP

CORALS, ON THEIR SHELLS.

THESE TRANSPLANTED ANIMALS HIDE
AND PROTECT THEM, BECAUSE VERY

OFTEN, THEY HAVE STINGING PARTS.

OTHERS LOOK SO MUCH LIKE THEIR
HOSTS, THAT YOU CAN ONLY SPOT

THEM WHEN THEY MOVE, LIKE THIS
ALGAE CRAB THAT IS AS GREEN AS

THE PLANT ON WHICH IT LIVES.

THE STAR ATTRACTION, THOUGH,
REMAINS THE BOXER CRAB.

THIS TINY SHOWOFF IS SMART AND
INVENTIVE.

IT USES A CHEATS TECHNIQUE.

IT GRAFTS STINGING ANEMONES TO
THE END OF ITS PINCERS.

ARMED WITH AN ELECTRIC POWER-UP,
THEY'RE ONE OF THE CRAFTIEST

CREATURES IN THE SEA.

COMING UP, WE'LL MEET A CRAB
THAT'S GENTLE IN NAME, BUT

RUGGED BY NATURE.

AND SEE WHAT A GROWTH SPURT
LOOKS LIKE FOR THIS DEEP SEA

DECAPOD WHEN "EARTH ODYSSEY"
RETURNS.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: WITH WAVES, TIDES, AND
CURRENTS CONSTANTLY SHIFTING THE

LANDSCAPE OF UNDERWATER
ENVIRONMENTS, MOST AQUATIC

ANIMALS HAVE BECOME EXPERTS IN
MOBILITY.

WITHOUT ANY BONES IN THEIR
BODIES, GETTING AROUND FOR

CRUSTACEANS REQUIRES ITS OWN
UNIQUE ABILITY.

THEY MAY NOT BE AS FLUID OR AS
GRACEFUL AS THEIR FISH OR MAMMAL

COUNTERPARTS, BUT THEY ARE ODDLY
VERSATILE IN THE WATER.

CRUSTACEANS MOVE MAINLY THANKS
TO THEIR APPENDAGES, OR LEGS,

ALWAYS MANY, ALWAYS IN PAIRS.

THESE LEGS GIVE THEM A
DISTINCTIVE GAIT.

IT'S JERKY, SLIGHTLY UNBALANCED,
AND NOT VERY ELEGANT.

BUT THESE LEGS AREN'T JUST MADE
FOR WALKING.

THEY CAN ALSO BE USED FOR
SWIMMING.

THAT'S THE CASE WITH SHRIMP.

THEY SWIM SO QUICKLY AND
ELEGANTLY, THAT IT LOOKS AS IF

THEY'RE FLYING.

THE LEGS ALSO SERVE AS PINCERS.

AS WELL AS ITS HUGE CLAWS, THE
PORCELAIN CRAB HAS MORE

SOPHISTICATED APPENDAGES.

LIKE NETS, IT UNFURLS ITS
FEATHERY FAN-LIKE MOUTH PARTS.

THIS INGENIOUS SYSTEM ENABLES
IT TO FILTER THE PLANKTON IT

FEEDS ON.

THESE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS HAVE
ONE PURPOSE, FEEDING.

MOST CRUSTACEANS ARE
CARNIVOROUS, EVEN THOUGH ALGAE

SOMETIMES ENTER THEIR DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM.

THEY ARE OFTEN OPPORTUNISTIC AND
EAT DEAD AS WELL AS LIVE PREY.

THE SMALLEST FEED ON PLANKTON,
OR DECOMPOSING PARTICLES.

POWERFULLY ARMED, THE LARGEST
PREFER LIVE PREY LIKE FISH OR

MOLLUSKS.

HOWEVER, CRUSTACEANS ARE
CONSUMMATE SURVIVORS, EVEN WHEN

FOOD IS SCARCE.

SOME, SUCH AS LOBSTERS, ARE ABLE
TO SURVIVE WITHOUT FOOD FOR

SEVERAL MONTHS, ONE MORE REASON
THIS FASCINATING CLASS OF

ANIMALS HAS BEEN ABLE TO ROAM
THE EARTH FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS.

AFTER THE BREAK, WE'LL SEE AN
UNDERWATER EXAMPLE OF OUT WITH

THE OLD AND IN WITH THE NEW.

THERE'S MORE "EARTH ODYSSEY"
COMING UP.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: OUT OF THE APPROXIMATELY
50,000 SPECIES OF CRUSTACEANS,

THEY ALL SHARE ONE DEFINING
CHARACTERISTIC THAT ALSO MAKES

THEM SO UNIQUE, THEIR EXTERNAL
SKELETON, MORE COMMONLY REFERRED

TO AS A SHELL, OR CARAPACE.

IN FACT, THEY GOT THEIR NAME
FROM THIS CARAPACE BECAUSE THE

WORD "CRUSTACEAN" COMES FROM THE
LATIN "CRUSTA", WHICH MEANS

CRUST, OR HARD SHELL.

THIS HARD EXTERIOR IS NOT MADE
OF ONE SOLID PIECE, AS THIS

WOULD MEAN THEY COULDN'T MOVE.

MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE THANKS TO
THE ARTICULATION BETWEEN THE

DIFFERENT PARTS.

BUT IF THIS SHELL IS RIGID, HOW
DO THEY GROW?

MOLTING.

MOLTING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH
THEY GROW, AND WHAT MAY LOOK

LIKE JUST A DEAD CRUSTACEAN IS
IN FACT AN EMPTY SHELL BEING

CARRIED ALONG BY THE WAVES.

MOLTING INVOLVES THE SHEDDING OF
THE OLD SHELL AND REGENERATION

OF THE NEW ONE.

CRUSTACEANS MOLT BECAUSE THEIR
OLD SHELL HAS BECOME TOO SMALL.

SO IT HAPPENS FREQUENTLY WHEN AN
ANIMAL IS YOUNG AND THEN LESS SO

AS IT GROWS OLDER.

IT IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO
OBSERVE A CRUSTACEAN MOLTING

BECAUSE IT USUALLY OCCURS WHEN
NO ONE IS LOOKING, AT NIGHTFALL.

THEY USE THE COVER OF DARKNESS
TO HIDE SINCE THEY ARE

ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE.

BEING ABLE TO SEE THE MOLTING
PROCESS IS EXCEPTIONALLY RARE.

SHOT IN AN ARTIFICIAL
ENVIRONMENT, THIS RECORDING

CATCHES THE ENTIRE PROCESS.

FIRST, THE OLD SHELL BECOMES
DETACHED.

THEN THE ANIMAL BEGINS TO SHED
IT.

SHEDDING OCCURS THANKS TO THE
ANIMAL'S TYPICAL BEHAVIOR.

IT MOVES RHYTHMICALLY AND
INFLATES ITS BODY AS MUCH AS

POSSIBLE, OFTEN BY SWALLOWING
WATER.

THE OLD SHELL TEARS ALONG THE
WEAKEST POINTS, AND THE ANIMAL'S

MOVEMENTS ENABLE IT TO SHED THE
OLD SHELL AND STRETCH THE NEW

SHELL FULLY.

AFTER MOLTING, THE ANIMAL IS
SOFT, AND THEREFORE, IT'S EASY

PREY FOR PREDATORS.

IT TAKES SEVERAL DAYS FOR THE
NEW SHELL TO HARDEN AND FORM A

PROTECTIVE LAYER.

MOLTING ENABLES CRUSTACEANS TO
REGENERATE MISSING LIMBS.

IN OTHER WORDS, THEIR LEGS CAN
GROW BACK.

ALL THAT THIS WOUNDED LITTLE
CRUSTACEAN HAS TO DO IS WAIT FOR

THE NEXT MOLT TO REGAIN THE USE
OF ALL ITS LIMBS.

MOST CRUSTACEANS HAVE EYES, AND
SOME OF THEM DESERVE SPECIAL

ATTENTION.

THEIR EYES HAVE MANY FACETS,
SOMETIMES SEVERAL HUNDRED.

THEY DON'T HAVE KEEN VISION, BUT
THEIR EYES MOVE QUICKLY, WHICH

ENABLES THEM TO DETECT MOVING
SHAPES.

SOME DEEP SEA SPECIES, WHICH
LIVE IN TOTAL DARKNESS, HAVE

PRICKLES INSTEAD OF EYES.

20-20 VISION, THE MANTIS SHRIMP
HAS THE BEST EYESIGHT IN THE

MARINE WORLD AND MAYBE EVEN THE
ANIMAL KINGDOM.

ITS EYES PIVOT INDEPENDENTLY AND
WILL ALLOW IT TO SEE IN EVERY

DIRECTION.

EACH EYE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE
SECTIONS, EACH WITH ITS OWN

PUPIL.

THIS EYE SEES THE SHAPE,
DISTANCE, AND DEPTH OF OBJECTS.

IT'S BASICALLY 3D VISION AND ONE
OF THE MOST IMPRESSIVE

ADAPTATIONS IN THE WILD.

FOR EVERY SPECIES OF ANIMAL,
SURVIVAL IS A UNIQUE ENDEAVOR.

EACH HAS THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL
TRAITS THAT GIVE THEM THE BEST

CHANCE TO SUCCEED, AND
CRUSTACEANS ARE NO EXCEPTION.

THESE WEIRD, YET WONDERFUL OCEAN
WANDERERS OFFER A NEW

PERSPECTIVE OF WHAT IT MEANS TO
THRIVE IN THE WILD.

THANKS FOR JOINING ME TODAY, AND
I HOPE TO SEE YOU FOR THE NEXT

ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]