All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S05E11.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT IS
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

GET READY TO EMBARK ON AN
EXCITING EXPEDITION ON

"EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE'RE HEADED INTO THE
HEART OF THE WILD TO SEE, SMELL,

AND HEAR THE MOST IMPRESSIVE
SENSES IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM,

LIKE THESE FAST FELINES WHO HAVE
THE BEST NIGHT VISION

IN THE SAVANNAH.

PLUS, WE'LL SEE AN ANTELOPE
WHOSE SUPER SENSES ARE PUT TO

THE TEST FROM CLOSE RANGE.

AND A BULKY BOVINE SHOWS US HOW
TO PICK UP THE

SCENT OF SURVIVAL.

BUT FIRST, WHEN IT COMES TO THE
RHINO, IT'S WHAT'S UNDER THEIR

ICONIC HORN THAT IS THEIR TRUE
POWER.

ALL OF THIS AND SO MUCH MORE ON
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

IN NATURE, EVERY MOMENT CAN BE
A LIFE-OR-DEATH SITUATION.

WHETHER PREDATOR OR PREY, AN
ANIMAL'S SENSES MUST BE ON

HIGH-ALERT AT ALL TIMES IF THEY
HOPE TO SURVIVE.

EXTREME EYESIGHT OR HEARING,
SUPER SMELL, OR BUILT-IN MOTION

DETECTORS, IT TAKES AN
IMPRESSIVE SET OF SENSES TO STAY

ALIVE WITH DANGER NEARBY.

IMPALAS ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR
ACUTE EYESIGHT, BUT HAVE A

SOMETIMES FATAL FLAW.

THEY CAN'T LOOK UP.

SO, A HUNTER HIDING ABOVE EYE
LEVEL HAS A DISTINCT ADVANTAGE.

THIS PREDATOR NEVER PURSUES HIS
PREY.

HIS TECHNIQUE IS THE AMBUSH.

LUCKILY, THIS TIME, THEY HAVE
SENSED THE LEOPARD, SO HIS

ATTACK HASN'T CAUGHT THEM BY
SURPRISE.

BY DAY, HE FAILS PRACTICALLY
NINE TIMES OUT OF TEN, BUT TO

SURVIVE, IT ONLY TAKES ONE
SUCCESS.

LOOK, LISTEN,

AND SMELL.

IN THE WILD, EVERY ANIMAL, LARGE
OR SMALL, WHATEVER ITS SPECIES,

MUST HAVE ITS SENSES ALERT ALL
THE TIME.

THIS HELPS THEM ESCAPE FROM
THEIR PREDATORS, FIND FOOD,

MANAGE THEIR FAMILIES, AND
ORGANIZE THEIR SOCIAL LIVES.

FOR SOME, SIGHT IS THE MAIN
SENSE.

FOR OTHERS, THE DOMINANT SENSE
IS HEARING.

FOR THE WARTHOG, IT IS SMELL.

THERE ARE THOSE WHO CAN SEE LONG
DISTANCES...

...THE ONES WHO CAN SEE IN THE
DARK...

...THOSE WHO CAN SEE IN COLOR.

THIS ONE HEARS INFRASOUND,
SOUNDWAVES TOO LOW FOR HUMANS TO

PICK UP.

THERE ARE WITHOUT A DOUBT AS
MANY SITUATIONS AS

THERE ARE SPECIES.

THE RHINOCEROS, FOR EXAMPLE, HIS
MUZZLE IS WHITE, HIS EARFLAPS

WELL-DEVELOPED, BUT CONSIDERING
HIS SIZE, HIS EYES ARE TINY.

THIS TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THE
FACT THAT THE RHINO'S SIGHT IS

VERY POOR.

HE CAN'T SEE ANYTHING CLEARLY
MORE THAN 50 FEET AWAY.

HE MAKES UP FOR THIS HANDICAP BY
A WELL-DEVELOPED SENSE OF SMELL

AND IMPECCABLE HEARING.

HIS EARS MOVE INDEPENDENTLY AND
REACT TO THE SLIGHTEST SOUND.

[BIRDS SQUAWKING]

THE PROBLEM IS THAT IF THE WIND
PICKS UP AND BLOWS IN THE WRONG

DIRECTION, THE RHINOCEROS FINDS
HIMSELF PRACTICALLY DEPRIVED OF

ANY INFORMATION.

IN THE SAME CONDITIONS, THE
GIRAFFE CAN ALWAYS RELY ON HIS

SIGHT, WHICH IS ONE OF THE BEST
IN THE REGION.

APPARENTLY, IT CAN EVEN, TO A
CERTAIN EXTENT,

DISTINGUISH COLORS.

THE GIRAFFE ALSO HEARS VERY
WELL, AS ITS HEAD IS SO FAR OFF

THE GROUND, IT DOESN'T MISS
MUCH.

THE SENSES OF THE HERBIVORES
SERVE PRIMARILY TO

DETECT PREDATORS.

FROM ONE SPECIES TO ANOTHER,
THERE ARE DIFFERENCES OF VISUAL,

OLFACTORY, OR SMELL, AND
AUDITORY ACUTENESS.

ANIMALS PROBABLY HAVE SOME IDEA
OF EACH OTHER'S WEAKNESSES AND

OF THE APTITUDES OF THEIR
NEIGHBORS.

THIS WOULD EXPLAIN WHY ANIMALS
OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

DRAW TOGETHER.

BY BEING MORE NUMEROUS AT ANY
ONE SPOT WITH DIFFERENT SENSORY

CAPACITIES, THEY CONSIDERABLY
IMPROVE THE OVERALL SAFETY OF

THE GROUP.

THIS WATERBUCK, WHICH DOESN'T
HAVE THE SAME NEEDS OR THE SAME

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AS THE
WILDEBEEST OR THE IMPALA,

NEVERTHELESS APPRECIATES THEIR
COMPANY, BECAUSE HE TAKES

ADVANTAGE OF THEIR VIGILANCE.

THESE THREE SPECIES ARE PREY TO
THE SAME PREDATORS, SO THEY

BENEFIT FROM BANDING TOGETHER
AND SHARING THEIR SENSES.

WHEN WE COME BACK, WE CATCH UP
WITH A FAMILY OF FELINES WITH A

TASTE FOR FAST FOOD.

AND LATER, THIS NYALA CHOOSES TO
HIDE IN PLAIN SIGHT WHEN

BEING HUNTED.

PLUS, A NOSY AFRICAN NATIVE THAT
PUTS ONE SENSE ABOVE THE REST.

ALL OF THIS COMING UP ON "EARTH
ODYSSEY".

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: IN THE CHEETAH FAMILY,
ALTHOUGH THE YOUNG ARE ALREADY A

FEW MONTHS OLD, THE MOTHER NEVER
STRAYS FAR FROM THEM WITHOUT

GOOD REASON.

THE CUBS KNOW THIS, AND HER
SUDDEN DEPARTURE INSTANTLY

AROUSES THEIR CURIOSITY.

ONE AFTER THE OTHER, THEY
INSTINCTIVELY FOLLOW IN THE

DIRECTION TAKEN BY THEIR MOTHER.

BUT THE BUSH IS DENSE AND
VISIBILITY VERY RESTRICTED.

WITH NO CLUES AS TO WHICH
DIRECTION TO TAKE, THE CHEETAH

CUBS CLING TOGETHER AND ARE
RELUCTANT TO RISK GOING

ANY FARTHER.

THE WIND IS IN THE RIGHT
DIRECTION, BUT THE SCENTS ITS

CARRYING ARE TOO PROFUSE AND
MIXED.

FINALLY, IT'S THE ALARM CRY OF
THE IMPALA THAT TELLS THEM WHERE

THEIR MOTHER IS.

THE SUDDEN ARRIVAL OF ALL THE
CUBS OBLIGES HER TO THROW

HERSELF INTO THE HUNT TOO SOON.

IN THE PANIC FOLLOWING THE
ATTACK, THE YOUNG CHEETAHS ONCE

AGAIN FIND THEMSELVES LEFT TO
THEIR OWN DEVICES.

THEY'RE ALL THE MORE KEEN ON
FINDING THEIR MOTHER BECAUSE

SHE'LL HAVE SOMETHING FOR THEM
TO EAT.

THEY'RE IN A MORE OPEN AREA
HERE, AND THE YOUNG CATS CAN NOW

RELY MORE ON THEIR EYESIGHT.

BUT STILL, NOT SEEING THEIR
MOTHER, THEY CALL OUT.

[CHEETAH CHIRPING]

EACH CHEETAH CUB USES ALL ITS
SENSES AND BRINGS ABOUT A

RAPID RESULT.

THERE ARE TWO PIECES OF GOOD
NEWS.

THEIR MOTHER IS NEARBY, AND HER
HUNT WAS SUCCESSFUL.

WHEN THEY'VE CAPTURED THEIR
PREY, CHEETAHS ARE UNDER

CONSTANT THREAT FROM STRONGER
ANIMALS, HYENAS, A LEOPARD,

OR LIONS.

SO, WHEN THEY FEED, THERE IS
ALWAYS A SENTRY.

THE CHEETAH RELIES ESSENTIALLY
ON ITS EYESIGHT.

AS WITH ALL FELINES, THEY HAVE
BIG EYES PLACED ON THE FRONT OF

THE HEAD, WHICH GIVES THEM THE
EXCELLENT BINOCULAR VISION

THAT'S NECESSARY FOR JUDGING
DISTANCES.

THEIR FIELD OF VISION IS
INCOMPARABLE, 280 DEGREES.

THAT'S 100 DEGREES MORE THAN
MAN'S, BUT THEIR VISUAL ACUITY

IN DAYLIGHT IS NO BETTER THAN
OURS.

IT'S AT NIGHT THAT THERE'S A
DIFFERENCE.

THEIR VISION IS THEN SIX TO
EIGHT TIMES SUPERIOR TO

THAT OF HUMANS.

THE BIG CAT SEES SO WELL AT
NIGHT BECAUSE THEIR VISUAL

SYSTEM ALLOWS THEM TO CAPTURE
THE SLIGHTEST LIGHT.

FOR THEM, A NIGHT LIT BY THE
FULL MOON IS ALMOST THE SAME AS

BROAD DAYLIGHT TO US.

THE HUMAN EYE IS MADE UP OF
RODS, OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE CELLS,

AND CONES THAT RECONSTITUTE
COLORS.

BUT A FELINE'S RETINA CONSISTS
ALMOST ONLY OF RODS.

CONSEQUENTLY, THE LEOPARD AND
THE LION DON'T SEE COLORS, BUT

THEY DO SEE IN THE DARK.

ALSO HAVE AT THE BACK OF THE EYE
A REFLECTIVE LAYER CALLED THE

CHOROIDAL TAPETUM WHICH HELPS TO
INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT

REACHING THE RETINA.

IN ADDITION, THE LOWER EDGE OF
THE EYE HAS A WHITE BORDER WHICH

IS THOUGHT TO REFLECT THE
SLIGHTEST AMOUNT OF LIGHT ONTO

THE RETINA, MAKING THEIR SENSE
OF SIGHT ONE OF THE MOST

SENSITIVE IN ALL MAMMALS.

WHEN WE COME BACK, THIS ANTELOPE
SHOWS US WHY KEEPING YOUR ENEMY

CLOSE CAN KEEP DANGER FURTHER
AWAY.

AND SEE WHY THESE BUFFALOES ARE
BEING LED BY THEIR NOSE.

THIS AND SO MUCH MORE WHEN
"EARTH ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HAVING HIGHLY DEVELOPED
SENSES ARE TRAITS SHARED BY BOTH

PREDATOR AND PREY.

EACH MUST USE EVERY OUNCE OF
INSTINCTS TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOAL,

SURVIVAL.

BUT FOR SOME HERBIVORES, THEIR
BEST ESCAPE IS HIDING IN PLAIN

SIGHT, AND IT TAKES A COOL HEAD
TO STAY CALM WHEN THE HEAT OF

DANGER IS ON THE RISE.

EACH ANTELOPE SPECIES MAY NOT
HAVE AS EFFECTIVE NIGHT VISION

AS THEIR FELINE PREDATORS, BUT
THEIRS IS ALMOST AS GOOD.

TO PUT THEIR DAILY STRUGGLE ON
MORE EQUAL TERMS, NATURE HAS

GIVEN THE ANTELOPE AND ITS
PREDATORS ROUGHLY THE

SAME WEAPONS.

IN EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THEM,
ALL THE SENSES ARE

WELL-DEVELOPED.

BUT THERE'S ONE BIG DIFFERENCE.

AMONG THE ANTELOPES, THEY ARE
CONTINUALLY IN USE, AS WE CAN

OBSERVE WITH THIS FEMALE NYALA,
WHICH IS MOVING WITH

EXTREME CAUTION.

AN ENEMY COULD BURST UPON IT AT
ANY MOMENT WITH JUST ONE IDEA IN

ITS HEAD, FOOD.

FOR HER, THERE'S ONLY ONE
POSSIBLE STRATEGY.

NEVER GET CAUGHT UNAWARES.

ALL HER SENSES ARE AWAKENED.

SHE USES HER EYES, HER NOSTRILS,
AND HER LARGE EARS, WHICH PICK

UP ALL THE NEWS FROM THE
SURROUNDING AREA,

WORRYING OR OTHERWISE.

DESPITE THEIR FINE EARS AND A
HIGHLY DEVELOPED SENSE OF

SMELL, WILD DOGS RELY MAINLY ON
THEIR EYES WHEN

THEY ARE HUNTING...

...OR TO BE MORE PRECISE, THEY
ONLY HUNT WHAT THEY CAN SEE.

AND IN THE FACE OF THIS
PREDATOR, MOST GAZELLES, LIKE

THIS DUIKER, HAVE AN INSTINCTIVE
TENDENCY TO RUN AWAY.

AND YET THE BEST CHANCE OF
ESCAPING IS TO KEEP ABSOLUTELY

STILL AND NOT BE SPOTTED.

WHEN THERE'S A PACK OF WILD DOGS
GOING PAST, THIS DEMANDS PLENTY

OF COMPOSURE AND COURAGE.

AS THE PACK IS PROWLING A FEW
FEET AWAY, THIS STEENBOK HAS

ROLLED ITSELF INTO A BALL.

IT LOOKS LIKE A CLOD OF EARTH,
AND THAT'S WHAT SAVED ITS LIFE.

CONTRARY TO WHAT YOU MIGHT
THINK, THE GREAT PREDATORS MAKE

LITTLE USE OF THEIR SENSE OF
SMELL WHEN HUNTING.

IT'S A QUESTION OF EFFICIENCY.

THERE ARE TOO MANY SMELLS LEFT
BY A GREAT NUMBER OF ANIMALS.

TO FOLLOW ONE TRAIL CLOSELY
WOULD REQUIRE A LOT OF TIME.

AND YET, WHETHER AMONG THE DOGS
OR THE CATS, THE SENSE OF SMELL

IS HIGHLY DEVELOPED, AND THESE
ANIMALS HAVE PERMANENT RECOURSE

TO IT.

IN FACT, IT SERVES ESSENTIALLY
IN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS.

IT'S A COMMUNICATION TOOL THAT'S
DEEPLY ENGRAINED IN A VAST ARRAY

OF SPECIES.

COMING UP, A BOVINE BEAST WHOSE
SENSE OF SMELL IS ITS MOST

CHERISHED POSSESSION WHEN WE
RETURN ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: TO INDICATE PRECISELY
THE AREA THEY CONTROL,

ANIMALS OFTEN MARK THEIR
TERRITORY.

THEY LEAVE THEIR SMELL IN ONE
WAY OR ANOTHER.

OFTEN, LIKE WITH THESE YOUNG
JACKALS, IT'S WITH A SMALL

AMOUNT OF URINE.

AMONG THE LIONS, THIS PRACTICE
IS GENERALLY THE MALE'S

PREROGATIVE, BUT WITH JACKALS,
BOTH MEMBERS OF THE

COUPLE JOIN IN.

THE MARKING OF TERRITORY IS NOT
RESERVED TO CARNIVORES.

ANTELOPES, MOST OF WHICH ARE
TERRITORIAL, ALSO USE IT.

THANKS TO GLANDS THAT ARE
GENERALLY SITUATED ON THEIR

HEAD, THEY LEAVE ODOROUS
SECRETIONS ON THE GROUND OR ON

THE VEGETATION.

THE SCENT GLANDS ARE QUITE
VISIBLE WHEN THEY'RE SITUATED

UNDER THE EYE, AS IN THE
KLIPSPRINGER.

THE KLIPSPRINGER IS A PYGMY
ANTELOPE, ONE OF THE SMALLEST

SPECIMENS OF THE BOVIDAE, OR
BOVINE FAMILY.

THE BUFFALO IS 50 TIMES AS BIG.

IT'S A COUSIN OF THE ANTELOPE
AND HAS BY FAR THE MOST HIGHLY

DEVELOPED SENSE OF SMELL.

NEVERTHELESS, IT HEARS AND SEES
PERFECTLY WELL.

BUFFALO HAVE PATCHES OF BARE
SKIN UNDER THEIR EYES, AND YOU

MIGHT THINK THAT THESE INDICATED
THE PRESENCE OF SCENT GLANDS.

IN FACT, THEY HAVE NO SCENT
GLANDS AT ALL.

THE MARKS PROBABLY JUST SHOW
WHERE THE HAIRS ARE WORN AWAY BY

THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARS.

BUFFALOES HAVE RECOURSE TO THEIR
SENSE OF SMELL FOR EVERYTHING...

...TO DETECT PREDATORS, TO FIND
FOOD, OR TO TRACK DOWN THEIR

YOUNG IN THE MIDDLE OF THE HERD.

SMELL IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED
AND THE SUREST WAY TO IDENTIFY

ANOTHER ANIMAL WITHIN A GROUP OR
FAMILY.

THE YOUNG OF THE IMPALA ARE
ALMOST ALL BORN AT THE

SAME TIME.

AND THE FEMALES ORGANIZE A SORT
OF COLLECTIVE BABYSITTING FOR

THEIR YOUNG.

IN THIS WAY, THEY CAN EACH TAKE
TURNS TO REST AND HAVE A BREAK

TO GO AND FEED.

WHEN THE MOTHERS COME BACK, THEY
FIND A LOT OF YOUNGSTERS THAT

ALL LOOK THE SAME.

IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE FOR THEM
TO FIND THEIR OWN OFFSPRING IF

EACH OF THEM HADN'T MARKED IT
WITH THEIR SMELL...

...ONE MORE EXAMPLE OF HOW THESE
HIGHLY DEVELOPED SENSES PLAY

SUCH AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE
WILD.

AN ANIMAL'S INSTINCTS ARE THE
MOST ESSENTIAL TOOLS FOR

THEIR SURVIVAL.

FACING THE CHALLENGES OF FINDING
FOOD, AVOIDING DANGER, OR

NAVIGATING OUR WILD WORLD ARE
ONLY POSSIBLE BECAUSE THESE

INCREDIBLE CREATURES HAVE
INCREDIBLE SENSES.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON OUR
JOURNEY INTO THE WILD.

I HOPE TO SEE YOU FOR THE NEXT
ONE HERE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]