All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S05E06.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT IS
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

GET READY TO EXPLORE A HIDDEN
WORLD ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE'RE TAKING A DEEP DIVE
INTO THE WEIRD AND WONDERFUL

WORLD OF CRUSTACEANS.

WE'LL CATCH A RARE GLIMPSE AT
WHAT MAKES THESE CREATURES COME

APART AT THE SEAMS.

AND LATER, A HIGHLY SKILLED
FISHERMAN SHOWS US THEIR

BUILT-IN NAUTICAL NET.

ON THE OCEAN FLOOR, WE'LL SEE A
TAG TEAM OF TOP-NOTCH HUNTERS

ENJOYING A MEAL, BUT WE START IN
CALMER WATERS, WHERE THE MOST

FAMOUS CLASS OF CRUSTACEANS
TAKES CENTER STAGE.

ALL OF THIS AND MORE ON TODAY'S
EPISODE OF "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

THE WORLD'S OCEANS ARE HOME TO
A WEALTH OF STRANGE CREATURES;

HOWEVER, NONE MAY BE AS UNIQUE
OR ALIEN AS ONE UNUSUAL GROUP:

CRUSTACEANS.

THESE INCREDIBLE ANIMALS WERE A
COMPLETE MYSTERY TO HUMANS FOR

CENTURIES.

EVEN TODAY, THEY'RE STILL SOME
OF THE MOST INTRIGUING WONDERS

UNDERWATER.

CRUSTACEANS CAN BE FOUND
EVERYWHERE.

CRABS, FOR INSTANCE, MEET ON
ROCKS BETWEEN THE LAND AND

THE SEA.

BUT THEY ONLY EMERGE BRIEFLY
FROM THEIR FAVORITE PLACE.

SEVERAL MILLION YEARS OLD, THIS
GROUP IS A BRANCH OF THE

KINGDOM ANIMALIA, WHICH CONTAINS
ABOUT 50,000 SPECIES, MOST OF

WHICH ARE AQUATIC.

IT ISN'T ALWAYS EASY TO OBSERVE
THEM IN THEIR NATURAL

ENVIRONMENT BECAUSE THEY HIDE IN
HOLES AND CRACKS DURING THE DAY.

THESE ANCIENT ANIMALS LIVE IN
EVERY REGION OF THE WORLD...

...FROM THE SEA'S SURFACE TO
DEPTHS OF THOUSANDS OF FEET.

THEY VARY IN SIZE FROM WELL
UNDER AN INCH TO MORE THAN TEN

FEET FOR THE JAPANESE SPIDER
CRAB, THE LARGEST KNOWN

CRUSTACEAN IN THE WORLD.

THEIR CLASSIFICATION IS VERY
COMPLEX.

THERE ARE BRACHIOPODS, SO NAMED
BECAUSE THEY HAVE GILLS ON THEIR

FEET, SUCH AS ARTEMIA, WHICH
BREATHE BY TAKING IN OXYGEN FROM

THE WATER THROUGH THEIR FEET...

...OR CIRRIPEDES, SUCH AS
BARNACLES, WHOSE DISTINCTIVE

FEATURE IS THAT THEY SPEND THEIR
ENTIRE LIFE ATTACHED TO THE SAME

PLACE.

THERE ARE MANY SUBCLASSES, TOO.

THE ONE WE ARE INTERESTED IN IS
MALACOSTRACA, AS IT CONTAINS THE

ORDER DECAPODA, WHICH INCLUDES
THE WORLD'S BEST-KNOWN

CRUSTACEANS.

DECAPODS, SO NAMED BECAUSE OF
THEIR TEN LEGS, INCLUDE

CRUSTACEANS SUCH AS SHRIMPS,
CRAYFISH, CRABS,

AND SLIPPER LOBSTERS.

AND WITHIN THIS GROUP, THERE ARE
SWIMMING CRUSTACEANS AND

WALKING CRUSTACEANS.

SOME, LIKE LOBSTERS, SLIPPER
LOBSTERS, AND CRAYFISH HAVE A

VERY LONG, WELL-DEVELOPED
ABDOMEN ENDING IN A TAILFIN...

...WHILE OTHERS, SUCH AS HERMIT
CRABS, HAVE

ASYMMETRICAL ABDOMENS.

AND LASTLY, THERE ARE THOSE THAT
ARE ROUNDER WITH A SMALL ABDOMEN

OFTEN FOLDED UNDER THE THORAX,
LIKE SPIDER CRABS AND CRABS.

BUT THIS GROUP IS NOT AS SIMPLE
AS IT SEEMS.

THERE ARE MANY OTHER SUBCLASSES,
SUCH AS AMPHIPODS, REPRESENTED

BY THESE SKELETON SHRIMPS...

...OR ISOPODS, REPRESENTED BY
PARASITES.

CRUSTACEANS COME IN ALL SORTS OF
SHAPES AND COLORS AND VARY FROM

ONE EXTREME TO ANOTHER.

SOMETIMES THEY LOOK ALMOST
UNREAL.

WHILE ALL THESE CREATURES BELONG
TO THE SAME GROUP, THEY CAN BE

WILDLY DIFFERENT, SOME LIVING IN
THE SEA, OTHERS IN FRESH WATER,

LIKE HERE.

CRAYFISH EVOLVED FROM PRIMITIVE
MARINE ANCESTORS, LIKE ALL ITS

RIVER AND LAKE-DWELLING FELLOWS.

MAKING AN APPEARANCE IN ALMOST
EVERY BODY OF WATER ON EARTH,

CRUSTACEANS ARE EVERYWHERE.

COMING UP, WE'LL SEE SOME
CRUSTACEAN GYMNASTICS THAT END

IN THE SPLITS.

AND IN THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA,
THIS CRAB HAS AN UNLIKELY TOOL

FOR FAST FISHING.

PLUS, A CREATURE AS CURIOUS AS
THEY ARE COLORFUL.

THIS AND MORE WHEN "EARTH
ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: OUT OF THE APPROXIMATELY
50,000 SPECIES OF CRUSTACEANS,

THEY ALL SHARE ONE DEFINING
CHARACTERISTIC THAT ALSO MAKES

THEM SO UNIQUE: THEIR EXTERNAL
SKELETON, MORE COMMONLY REFERRED

TO AS A SHELL, OR CARAPACE.

IN FACT, THEY GOT THEIR NAME
FROM THIS CARAPACE, BECAUSE THE

WORD "CRUSTACEAN" COMES FROM THE
LATIN "CRUSTA", WHICH MEANS

CRUST, OR HARD SHELL.

THIS HARD EXTERIOR IS NOT MADE
OF ONE SOLID PIECE, AS THIS

WOULD MEAN THEY COULDN'T MOVE.

MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE THANKS TO
THE ARTICULATION BETWEEN THE

DIFFERENT PARTS.

BUT IF THIS SHELL IS RIGID, HOW
DO THEY GROW?

MOLTING.

MOLTING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH
THEY GROW, AND WHAT MAY LOOK

LIKE JUST A DEAD CRUSTACEAN IS
IN FACT AN EMPTY SHELL BEING

CARRIED ALONG BY THE WAVES.

MOLTING INVOLVES THE SHEDDING OF
THE OLD SHELL AND REGENERATION

OF THE NEW ONE.

CRUSTACEANS MOLT BECAUSE THEIR
OLD SHELL HAS BECOME TOO SMALL.

SO, IT HAPPENS FREQUENTLY WHEN
AN ANIMAL IS YOUNG AND THEN LESS

SO AS IT GROWS OLDER.

IT IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO
OBSERVE A CRUSTACEAN MOLTING

BECAUSE IT USUALLY OCCURS WHEN
NO ONE IS LOOKING, AT NIGHTFALL.

THEY USE THE COVER OF DARKNESS
TO HIDE SINCE THEY ARE

ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE.

BEING ABLE TO SEE THE MOLTING
PROCESS IS EXCEPTIONALLY RARE.

SHOT IN AN ARTIFICIAL
ENVIRONMENT, THIS RECORDING

CATCHES THE ENTIRE PROCESS.

FIRST, THE OLD SHELL BECOMES
DETACHED.

THEN THE ANIMAL BEGINS TO SHED
IT.

SHEDDING OCCURS THANKS TO THE
ANIMAL'S TYPICAL BEHAVIOR.

IT MOVES RHYTHMICALLY AND
INFLATES ITS BODY AS MUCH AS

POSSIBLE, OFTEN BY SWALLOWING
WATER.

THE OLD SHELL TEARS ALONG THE
WEAKEST POINTS, AND THE ANIMAL'S

MOVEMENTS ENABLE IT TO SHED THE
OLD SHELL AND STRETCH THE NEW

SHELL FULLY.

AFTER MOLTING, THE ANIMAL IS
SOFT; AND THEREFORE, IT'S EASY

PREY FOR PREDATORS.

IT TAKES SEVERAL DAYS FOR THE
NEW SHELL TO HARDEN AND FORM A

PROTECTIVE LAYER.

MOLTING ENABLES CRUSTACEANS TO
REGENERATE MISSING LIMBS.

IN OTHER WORDS, THEIR LEGS CAN
GROW BACK.

ALL THAT THIS WOUNDED LITTLE
CRUSTACEAN HAS TO DO IS WAIT FOR

THE NEXT MOLT TO REGAIN THE USE
OF ALL ITS LIMBS.

MOST CRUSTACEANS HAVE EYES, AND
SOME OF THEM DESERVE

SPECIAL ATTENTION.

THEIR EYES HAVE MANY FACETS,
SOMETIMES SEVERAL HUNDRED.

THEY DON'T HAVE KEEN VISION, BUT
THEIR EYES MOVE QUICKLY, WHICH

ENABLES THEM TO DETECT MOVING
SHAPES.

SOME DEEP-SEA SPECIES WHICH LIVE
IN TOTAL DARKNESS HAVE PRICKLES

INSTEAD OF EYES.

20-20 VISION, THE MANTIS SHRIMP
HAS THE BEST EYESIGHT IN THE

MARINE WORLD AND MAYBE EVEN THE
ANIMAL KINGDOM.

ITS EYES PIVOT INDEPENDENTLY AND
WILL ALLOW IT TO SEE IN

EVERY DIRECTION.

EACH EYE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE
SECTIONS, EACH WITH ITS OWN

PUPIL.

THIS EYE SEES THE SHAPE,
DISTANCE, AND DEPTH OF OBJECTS.

IT'S BASICALLY 3D VISION AND ONE
OF THE MOST IMPRESSIVE

ADAPTATIONS IN THE WILD.

WHEN WE RETURN, WE CONTINUE OUR
EXPLORATION OF THE CRUSTACEAN

WORLD WITH THIS UNIQUELY FIERCE
FISHERMAN, AND WE'LL HEAD TO THE

SHALLOWS TO SEE A HARLEQUIN
HUNTING PARTY, ALL COMING UP ON

"EARTH ODYSSEY".

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WITH WAVES, TIDES, AND
CURRENTS CONSTANTLY SHIFTING THE

LANDSCAPE OF UNDERWATER
ENVIRONMENTS, MOST AQUATIC

ANIMALS HAVE BECOME EXPERTS IN
MOBILITY.

WITHOUT ANY BONES IN THEIR
BODIES, GETTING AROUND FOR

CRUSTACEANS REQUIRES ITS OWN
UNIQUE ABILITY.

THEY MAY NOT BE AS FLUID OR AS
GRACEFUL AS THEIR FISH OR MAMMAL

COUNTERPARTS, BUT THEY ARE ODDLY
VERSATILE IN THE WATER.

CRUSTACEANS MOVE MAINLY THANKS
TO THEIR APPENDAGES, OR LEGS,

ALWAYS MANY, ALWAYS IN PAIRS.

THESE LEGS GIVE THEM A
DISTINCTIVE GAIT.

IT'S JERKY, SLIGHTLY UNBALANCED,
AND NOT VERY ELEGANT.

BUT THESE LEGS AREN'T JUST MADE
FOR WALKING.

THEY CAN ALSO BE USED FOR
SWIMMING.

THAT'S THE CASE WITH SHRIMP.

THEY SWIM SO QUICKLY AND
ELEGANTLY, THAT IT LOOKS AS IF

THEY'RE FLYING.

THE LEGS ALSO SERVE AS PINCERS.

AS WELL AS ITS HUGE CLAWS, THE
PORCELAIN CRAB HAS MORE

SOPHISTICATED APPENDAGES.

LIKE NETS, IT UNFURLS ITS
FEATHERY, FAN-LIKE MOUTH PARTS.

THIS INGENIOUS SYSTEM ENABLES IT
TO FILTER THE PLANKTON

IT FEEDS ON.

THESE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS HAVE
ONE PURPOSE, FEEDING.

MOST CRUSTACEANS ARE
CARNIVOROUS, EVEN THOUGH ALGAE

SOMETIMES ENTERS THEIR DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM.

THEY ARE OFTEN OPPORTUNISTIC AND
EAT DEAD AS WELL AS LIVE PREY.

THE SMALLEST FEED ON PLANKTON,
OR DECOMPOSING PARTICLES.

POWERFULLY ARMED, THE LARGEST
PREFER LIVE PREY, LIKE FISH OR

MOLLUSKS.

HOWEVER, CRUSTACEANS ARE
CONSUMMATE SURVIVORS EVEN WHEN

FOOD IS SCARCE.

SOME, SUCH AS LOBSTERS, ARE ABLE
TO SURVIVE WITHOUT FOOD FOR

SEVERAL MONTHS.

ONE MORE REASON THIS FASCINATING
CLASS OF ANIMALS HAS BEEN ABLE

TO ROAM THE EARTH FOR MILLIONS
OF YEARS.

COMING UP NEXT, FOR THESE
COLORFUL CRUSTACEANS, IT TAKES

TWO TO FIND A MEAL.

THIS AND MORE WHEN "EARTH
ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE MAJORITY OF
CRUSTACEANS THAT AREN'T MOBILE

ARE WHAT'S KNOWN AS FILTER
FEEDERS.

THAT'S TO SAY THEY ABSORB TINY
THINGS.

BARNACLES, FOR INSTANCE, GATHER
PARTICLES OF PLANKTON BY

CONSTANTLY FILTERING THE WATER.

THESE SMALL, BARELY VISIBLE
CRUSTACEANS OFTEN FIND

THEMSELVES INVADED BY CORAL, AND
THEIR HARD PART IS NO LONGER

VISIBLE.

HERE, LESS COLONIZED, IT'S
EASIER TO SEE THEM FEEDING.

BARNACLES CAN LIVE NEAR THE
SURFACE BETWEEN THE AIR AND

WATER.

WHAT YOU MIGHT THINK AT FIRST
GLANCE ARE SHARP BUMPS ON THE

ROCKS ARE ACTUALLY LIVING
CREATURES.

THESE ANIMALS HAVE CALCIUM
PLATES

WHICH CAN BE PULLED TOGETHER.

THIS HERMETIC SEAL PREVENTS THE
BARNACLES FROM DRYING OUT, AND

IT MEANS THEY CAN WITHSTAND LONG
PERIODS OUT OF THE WATER.

THEY ALSO NEED SOMETHING ON
WHICH TO ATTACH THEMSELVES, EVEN

SOMETHING LIVING.

ALWAYS IN PAIRS, HARLEQUIN
SHRIMPS FEED EXCLUSIVELY ON

STARFISH.

WITH THEIR PINCERS, THEY HAVE
CUT OFF AN ARM AND ARE TAKING IT

AWAY TO EAT.

THIS STARFISH IS LUCKY.

THE SHRIMP DIDN'T KILL IT, AND
ITS ARM WILL SOON GROW BACK.

LESS THAN A HALF-INCH IN LENGTH,
SKELETON SHRIMP ARE THE ONLY

CRUSTACEANS ABLE TO STAND UP BY
ANCHORING THEMSELVES WITH THEIR

REAR LEGS.

THEY CAPTURE THEIR PREY WITH
THEIR MUCOUS-SECRETING ANTENNAE,

A THICK AND VISCOUS SUBSTANCE.

THIS MUCOUS PARALYZES THE
PLANKTON LARVA AND SMALL

INVERTEBRATES THEY FEED ON.

BUT TO FEED, SOME SHRIMP HAVE
ADOPTED A DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE.

THEY OFFER THEIR SERVICES IN
WHAT ARE KNOWN AS

CLEANING STATIONS.

THEY REMOVE OTHER CREATURES'
PARASITES.

AND THOSE WHO MIGHT HAVE BECOME
PREDATORS IF IT WASN'T FOR THIS

INDISPENSABLE REMOVAL FUNCTION,
OPEN THEIR EARS AND MOUTHS WIDE,

WHERE THE CLEANER SHRIMP WORK
UNDISTURBED.

IT'S A FINE EXAMPLE OF
SOLIDARITY AND MUTUAL TRUST,

ANIMALS HELPING EACH OTHER
THRIVE IN THE WILD.

FOR EVERY SPECIES OF ANIMAL,
SURVIVAL IS A UNIQUE ENDEAVOR.

EACH HAS THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL
TRAITS THAT GIVE THEM THE BEST

CHANCE TO SUCCEED, AND
CRUSTACEANS ARE NO EXCEPTION.

THESE WEIRD, YET WONDERFUL OCEAN
WANDERERS OFFER A NEW

PERSPECTIVE OF WHAT IT MEANS TO
THRIVE IN THE WILD.

THANKS FOR JOINING ME TODAY, AND
I HOPE TO SEE YOU FOR THE NEXT

ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]