All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S05E05.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT IS
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

IT'S TIME FOR A JOURNEY INTO THE
WILD TO SEE SOME OF THE PLANET'S

MOST INCREDIBLE ANIMALS.

THIS IS "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE'RE HEADED OUT ON A
SAFARI FOR A CLOSE-UP LOOK AT

SOME OF AFRICA'S MAGNIFICENTLY
MASSIVE

VEGETARIAN MAMMALS, LIKE THIS
ICONIC GIANT

WITH THE PERFECT HEADWEAR FOR

BEATING THE HEAT.

WE'LL SEE A HORN-CLAD HULK THAT
HAS A PREHISTORIC PAST.

AND LATER, WHAT MAKES THIS
HYDRATED HEAVYWEIGHT SO

MYSTERIOUS?

BUT OUR JOURNEY BEGINS IN THE
SUN-SOAKED SAVANNAH, WHERE THESE

ELEPHANTS ARE PUTTING IN
OVERTIME TO KEEP UP

WITH THEIR DIETS.

ALL OF THIS AND MORE ON TODAY'S
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

AFRICA IS HOME TO THE LARGEST
LAND ANIMALS ON EARTH.

THIS LUSH AND DIVERSE LANDSCAPE
OFFERS ENOUGH FOOD, WATER, AND

SPACE FOR EVEN THE MOST COLOSSAL
CREATURES TO THRIVE.

WHILE THEIR SIZE MAY MEAN THEY
AREN'T THREATENED BY PREDATORS,

BEING THE BIGGEST AROUND COMES
WITH ITS OWN DIFFICULTIES.

ONE HERD OF TUSK-WIELDING TITANS
MUST WORK AROUND THE CLOCK TO

STAY FIT FOR FORAGING.

EVERY DAY WHEN THE SUN IS AT ITS
HIGHEST POINT, THE GROUND SHAKES

WITH THE MOVEMENT OF GIANTS...

...ELEPHANTS.

A LARGE FEMALE LEADS THE
PROCESSION.

THE SMALL HERD SHE LEADS IS MADE
UP OF INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE ALL

PART OF THE SAME FAMILY.

HERE WE HAVE THE MOTHER, HER
DAUGHTERS, AND THEIR OFFSPRING,

JUST A FEW SPECIMENS OF AN
EXTRAORDINARY SPECIES, A

REMINDER OF THE MAMMAL GIANTS
WHICH DOMINATED THE EARTH DURING

THE EARLY CENOZOIC ERA MILLIONS
OF YEARS AGO.

GREAT SIZE MEANS A GREAT THIRST,
DRINKING 25 TO 50 GALLONS OF

WATER PER DAY.

USUALLY, THEY ONLY DRINK ONCE A
DAY.

THIS IS ALSO AN OPPORTUNITY FOR
A SECOND ACTIVITY DEDICATED TO

PERSONAL GROOMING.

ELEPHANTS ARE A SPECIES WITHOUT
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS, OR SWEAT

GLANDS, BUT THEY HAVE FOUND MUD
TO BE THE PERFECT SUBSTITUTE.

IT SOFTENS THE ELEPHANT'S HIDE.

THE MUD DRIES ON THEIR SKIN AND
FORMS A CRUST WHICH WILL PROTECT

THEM FROM INSECTS AND THE HEAT
OF THE SUN.

WE'RE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DRY
SEASON.

THE FOOD IS LESS NUTRITIOUS, AND
IT TAKES A LONG TIME TO FUEL

THIS ENORMOUS BULK, TAKING UP TO
16 HOURS OF

THE ELEPHANT'S DAY.

THEY NEED TO EAT THE EQUIVALENT
OF FOUR TO SIX PERCENT OF THEIR

BODY WEIGHT.

FOR AN ADULT MALE THIS BIG, THIS
MEANS AROUND 650 POUNDS OF FOOD

EVERY DAY.

ELEPHANTS NEED FOOD WHICH IS
EASILY AVAILABLE IN LARGE

QUANTITIES, SO IT'S NO
COINCIDENCE THAT THE WORLD'S

LARGEST LAND MAMMAL IS A
VEGETARIAN.

IN ORDER TO SATISFY THIS NEED,
BEING FUSSY IS NOT AN OPTION.

ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION AND
THE SEASON, AN ELEPHANT WILL EAT

ANYTHING IT FINDS AS LONG AS
IT'S A PLANT.

IN THE PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES,
DRY FOLIAGE FITS THE BILL.

NEVERTHELESS, THESE CREATURES
HAVE A REFINED PALATE AND HAVE

CERTAIN FAVORITE FOODS.

THEY PARTICULARLY LIKE THESE
BUTTERFLY-SHAPED TURPENTINE TREE

LEAVES AND BAOBAB WOOD.

IT'S ALWAYS SURPRISING TO SEE
THESE CREATURES, WHICH MUST

INGEST VAST AMOUNTS OF FOOD,
TAKE TIME AND GREAT CARE OVER

THEIR MEAL.

IF ANY PROOF WERE NEEDED OF
THEIR GARGANTUAN APPETITE, ONE

JUST HAS TO LOOK AROUND.

THE ELEPHANT SHARES AN UNUSUAL
PRIVILEGE WITH MAN.

THEIR BEHAVIOR CAN ALTER THE
LANDSCAPE, CHANGING A LUSH

SAVANNAH INTO AN ARID ONE.

HUMANS AND ELEPHANTS ALSO SHARE
ANOTHER COMMON TRAIT.

BOTH CAN SURVIVE IN ANY HABITAT
AS LONG AS THEY CAN FIND WATER

AND FOOD.

ELEPHANTS ARE VERSATILE
CREATURES.

THEY'RE NOT SPECIALISTS.

THEY'VE COLONIZED ALL AVAILABLE
ENVIRONMENTS WITH THEIR

ADAPTABILITY, MAKING THEIR
SURVIVAL SENSE AS IMPRESSIVE AS

THEIR UNMATCHED SIZE.

COMING UP, WE GET A LOOK AT THE
MOST INTIMIDATING HERBIVORE ICON

IN AFRICA.

AND LATER, A DEEP DIVE INTO THE
INTERNATIONAL MAMMAL OF MYSTERY

WHEN "EARTH ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: SOME CREATURES HAVE
CONNECTIONS FAR BACK BEYOND

HUMAN HISTORY, BUT WE CAN STILL
SEE THEIR ANCIENT PAST TODAY AS

A SPECIAL FEW HAVE KEPT THEIR
PREHISTORIC APPEARANCE.

THE BLACK RHINO IS ONE OF THE
LAST EXAMPLES OF A FAMILY OF

ANIMALS WHICH APPEARED ON THE
PLANET 35 MILLION YEARS AGO.

AT THAT TIME, THEY HAD NO HORN,
BUT WERE NONETHELESS REAL RHINOS

WITH HUGE BODIES, SHORT LEGS,
AND A LONG HEAD WITH A

PREHENSILE UPPER LIP RESEMBLING
A TURTLE'S BEAK.

ONE OTHER SPECIES OF RHINO HAS
SURVIVED,

THE WHITE RHINO.

TWICE THE SIZE OF ITS BLACK
COUSIN, IT APPEARED MILLIONS OF

YEARS LATER DURING THE
QUATERNARY ERA.

IN BOTH SPECIES, THE EYES ARE
SMALL AND SET VERY LOW ON THEIR

CHEEKS.

TO COMPENSATE FOR THEIR POOR
SIGHT, THEY RELY ON THEIR EARS.

WHILE THE BLACK RHINO WILL EAT
UP TO 200 VARIETIES OF PLANT,

WHITE RHINOS EAT ONLY GRASS.

RHINOS HAVE NEITHER CANINES NOR
INCISORS; THEREFORE, THEY USE

THEIR LIPS TO GRAB AND TEAR
THEIR FOOD.

THE WHITE RHINO'S LIPS ARE WHITE
AND STRAIGHT TO PROVIDE A BIGGER

CUTTING EDGE.

RHINOS EAT MAINLY IN THE MORNING
AND THE EVENING, IN THIS CASE,

JUST AFTER A MUD BATH.

THEY CAN GET BY ON 40 TO 70
POUNDS OF GRASS A DAY, A

SURPRISINGLY SMALL AMOUNT FOR
ANIMALS THIS BIG.

[CROW CAWING]

THE REASON FOR THIS LIMITED
NEED FOR FOOD IS THEIR SLOW

METABOLISM AND THAT THEY EXERT
THEMSELVES SO LITTLE, THEY CAN

SEEM APATHETIC.

RHINOS HAVE THE REPUTATION OF
BEING SOLITARY CREATURES, WHICH

IS TRUE OF THE TERRITORIAL
MALES.

FEMALES, ON THE OTHER HAND,
ARE RARELY ALONE.

IF THEY HAVE NO YOUNG, THEY JOIN
UP WITH OTHER FEMALES IN THE

SAME SITUATION AND LIVE TOGETHER
IN SMALL, STABLE GROUPS.

THE STRONGEST AND MOST ENDURING
SOCIAL BOND AMONG RHINOS IS THAT

BETWEEN A MOTHER AND ITS BABY.

THEY STAY TOGETHER FOR TWO TO
THREE YEARS, WAY PAST WEANING

AND BEYOND THE STAGE WHEN THEIR
SIZE LEAVES THEM VULNERABLE TO

PREDATORS.

BARELY AN HOUR AFTER IT'S BORN,
THE BABY RHINO CAN ALREADY STAND

ALONGSIDE ITS MOTHER.

THIS ONE IS NOW TWO MONTHS OLD
AND HAS ALREADY BEGUN GRAZING.

DESPITE THIS PRECOCIOUSNESS, THE
RHINO'S LIFE WILL NOT LIVE UP TO

ITS EARLY PROMISE.

THIS COSSETED CHILDHOOD SPENT
EXCLUSIVELY WITH ITS MOTHER

MERELY PREPARES IT FOR A LIFE
WITHOUT ANY SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL

RELATIONS.

WHILE A SOLITARY EXISTENCE MAY
SEEM HARSH, IT HAS PROVEN TO BE

THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY FOR THESE
GRASSLAND GIANTS TO THRIVE

THROUGH THE GENERATIONS.

WHEN WE COME BACK, A WATERY
WONDER THAT INSPIRES CURIOSITY

AROUND THE WORLD.

THEN WE'LL SEE THE ELEPHANT'S
UNIQUE COOLING SYSTEM YOU HAVE

TO HEAR ABOUT.

ALL OF THIS AND MORE COMING UP
ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: BEING ONE OF THE BIGGEST
MAMMALS ON EARTH MEANS GETTING

PLENTY OF ATTENTION.

SUCH AN IMPOSING ICON OF THE
WILD ATTRACTS ALL KINDS OF STUDY

AND OBSERVATION, AND THAT'S WHAT
MAKES IT EVEN MORE SURPRISING

THAT THE HIPPO IS SUCH A
MYSTERY.

THIS WATER-LOVING GIANT IS AS
ELUSIVE AS IT IS UNIQUE, SO

GETTING A CLOSER LOOK ISN'T
ALWAYS SO EASY.

BUT WHEN THEY DO MAKE AN
APPEARANCE, THEY ALWAYS LEAVE AN

IMPRESSION.

IT'S NOT OFTEN WE GET A GOOD
LOOK AT THEM, BUT WHEN THEY

SURFACE, THE HIPPO IS HARD TO
MISS.

WE KNOW RELATIVELY LITTLE ABOUT
THIS MASSIVE MAMMAL, BECAUSE ITS

WAY OF LIFE MAKES IT DIFFICULT
TO STUDY.

IT SPENDS MOST OF ITS LIFE IN
THE WATER AND IS USUALLY

SUBMERGED SO THAT ONLY A FEW OF
THE HAIRS ON ITS SNOUT ARE

VISIBLE.

IN THE MORNING, HAVING SPENT ALL
NIGHT GRAZING ON THE RIVERBANKS,

THE HIPPO FINALLY REVEALS ITSELF
IN ALL ITS

MEGA HERBIVORE GLORY.

ITS BODY IS SHAPED LIKE A HUGE
BARREL RAISED UP ON FOUR SHORT

PILLARS WHICH SUPPORT ITS TWO TO
THREE-TON MASS.

WE KNOW THAT HIPPOS AND PIGS
HAVE THE SAME ANCESTRY AND

DIVERGED ABOUT 50 MILLION YEARS
AGO, BUT WE STILL DO NOT KNOW

WHO THEIR COMMON ANCESTOR WAS.

THE SUN IS STARTING TO RISE, AND
THIS HIPPO IS EAGER TO GET INTO

THE WATER.

ITS EPIDERMIS IS VERY DELICATE
AND HAS NO SWEAT GLANDS, WHICH

MEANS IT QUICKLY BECOMES
DEHYDRATED, FAR MORE SO THAN ANY

OTHER MAMMAL.

THE HIPPO IS AN ANIMAL UNLIKE
ANY OTHER IN ITS MORPHOLOGY, ITS

AMPHIBIOUS NATURE, BUT ALSO ITS
PARADOXICAL AND STILL LARGELY

MYSTERIOUS LIFESTYLE.

WHILE IT SPENDS THE NIGHT
GRAZING ALONE ALONG THE

RIVERBANKS, BY DAY, IT SEEKS OUT
THE COMPANY OF ITS FELLOW

HIPPOS.

HIPPOS STILL HAVE THEIR
MYSTERIOUS SIDE, AND SOME OF

THEIR BEHAVIOR IS STILL
UNEXPLAINED, ESPECIALLY WHEN

THEY CAN BE FOUND IN UNLIKELY
SITUATIONS, SUCH AS THIS, OR AT

LEAST THAT ARE TOTALLY THE
OPPOSITE OF THE

HABITS WE EXPECT OF THEM.

HIPPOS GENERALLY MAKE A POINT OF
AVOIDING FAST-MOVING WATERS AS

MUCH AS THEY CAN,

BUT THIS ONE HAS NOT FOUND
ITSELF HERE BY

ACCIDENT, AS IT RETURNS HERE TO
THE HEART OF THE RAPIDS

EVERY DAY.

IT'S CLEARLY RELAXING AND
ENJOYING ITSELF.

WHO CARES WHAT DIFFICULTIES HAVE
TO BE OVERCOME TO SPEND SOME

TIME IN THE BUBBLE BATH.

THE TRUTH IS THAT FOR ALL THE
GENERALIZATIONS APPLIED TO ANY

SPECIES, THERE ARE ALWAYS
INDIVIDUALS WITH THEIR OWN

CHARACTER AND CHOICES STANDING
OUT AMONG ANY CROWD IN THE WILD.

COMING UP, THE ELEPHANT TRICK
FOR BEATING THE HEAT THAT SOUNDS

AS WEIRD AS IT IS WORTHWHILE
WHEN WE RETURN ON

"EARTH ODYSSEY".

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: AS THE SUN SHIFTS, THE
ELEPHANTS ARE ON THE MOVE AGAIN,

STILL SEARCHING FOR FOOD AND
STEPPING OUT INTO FOCUS FOR ALL

IN THE SAVANNAH TO SEE.

UNLIKE MOST ANIMALS, FEMALE
ELEPHANTS HAVE THEIR UDDERS ON

THE FRONT PART OF THEIR BODIES.

THIS MAKES SUCKLING EASIER FOR
THE CALVES, WHO CAN USE THEIR

MOUTHS DIRECTLY RATHER THAN
THEIR TRUNKS, WHICH THEY HAVEN'T

YET REALLY LEARNED TO USE
PROPERLY.

THE ELEPHANT HAS MANY ANATOMICAL
PECULIARITIES,

BUT EACH OF THEM IS PART OF A

REMARKABLY COHERENT
WHOLE.

ANY PROBLEM IS LINKED TO A
SOLUTION TO HELP GET AROUND IT.

BARE SKIN EXPOSED TO THE HEAT OF
THE SUN, NO PROBLEM.

IT HAS ITS THREE-FOOT-LONG EARS
TO HELP COOL IT DOWN.

AND SINCE THEY ARE FULL OF BLOOD
VESSELS, THE ANIMAL CAN REGULATE

THE BLOOD TEMPERATURE FOR ITS
WHOLE BODY.

ONE REAL PROBLEM WAS ITS WEIGHT,
200 POUNDS OF TRUNK PLUS THE

WEIGHT OF THE TUSKS.

BUT THE TUSKS CAN HELP TO
SUPPORT SOME OF THE WEIGHT OF

ITS TRUNK...

...ADDED TO WHICH THE ELEPHANT
HAS UNIQUE FEET WITH WHICH TO

SUPPORT ITS ENORMOUS MASS.

EACH HAS FIVE INSET FINGERS
WHICH CANNOT BE SEEN.

THEY ARE VERTICAL WHEN THERE IS
NO PRESSURE ON THE FOOT, BUT

WHEN THE FOOT IS PUT DOWN, THEY
SPREAD OUT TO PROVIDE A DE FACTO

SHOCK ABSORBER.

ELEPHANTS ARE VERY DIFFERENT
FROM HIPPOS AND RHINOS.

THEY DO NOT BELONG TO THE SAME
FAMILY, HAVE VERY DIFFERENT

SOCIAL STRUCTURES, AND LEAD VERY
DIFFERENT LIVES.

NEVERTHELESS, SOMETHING OTHER
THAN THEIR BARE SKIN, MASSIVE

SIZE, AND A VEGETARIAN DIET
UNITES THEM.

THEY HAVE SURVIVED THROUGHOUT
THE AGES TO LIVE ALONGSIDE US,

PROOF THAT THESE ARE TRIED AND
TESTED WAYS OF LIFE THAT HAVE

PROSPERED HERE FOR CENTURIES AND
SHOW NO SIGNS OF STOPPING.

ALL OF THE INCREDIBLE WILDLIFE
AROUND THE WORLD CAN INTRIGUE

AND IMPRESS, BUT THE STAGGERING
SIZES OF EARTH'S GIANT MAMMALS

ARE AWE-INSPIRING.

THE ABILITY OF THESE BEHEMOTHS
TO ADAPT AND THRIVE ARE JUST

SOME OF THE REASONS WHY THEY'RE
TRUE ICONS OF THE WILD.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON OUR
ADVENTURE INTO THE LAND OF THE

LARGEST ANIMALS.

I HOPE TO SEE YOU NEXT TIME FOR
ANOTHER EPISODE OF

"EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]