All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S05E01.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER AND IT'S TIME FOR A WILD

JOURNEY ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE HEAD TO THE LUSH
FORESTS OF COSTA RICA TO EXPLORE

A TROPICAL OASIS THAT IS HOME TO
SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST

SPECTACULAR ANIMALS.

WE'LL MEET A COLORFUL QUETZAL
CHARACTER THAT HAS BEEN A LOCAL

LEGEND SINCE THE TIME OF THE
AZTECS.

AND LATER, WE GET A SPECIAL
GLIMPSE INSIDE THE NATURAL

HABITAT OF ONE OF THE WORLD'S
RAREST MACAWS.

BUT FIRST, WE VENTURE DEEP INTO
THE COSTA RICAN JUNGLE TO VISIT

A PRIMATE COMMUNITY THAT'S A
HOWLING SUCCESS.

[MONKEY HOWLING]

DYLAN: THAT AND MUCH MORE TODAY
ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LOCATED IN THE HEART OF
CENTRAL AMERICA, COSTA RICA HAS

ONE OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR
DISPLAYS OF BIODIVERSITY SEEN

ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD.

ONLY ABOUT THE SIZE OF WEST
VIRGINIA, 5 PERCENT OF ALL KNOWN

ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES ON
EARTH CALL THIS COUNTRY HOME.

IT'S A DIVERSE ENVIRONMENT
COVERED IN BEACHES, MOUNTAINS

AND THICK TROPICAL FORESTS LIKE
THE ONE WE'RE HEADING TO FIRST.

SO, LET'S SWING INTO ACTION.

THROUGHOUT COSTA RICA AND THE
MAJORITY OF CENTRAL AMERICA,

THIS PRIMATE IS THE NOISIEST
ANIMAL OF THE REGION.

[MONKEY HOWLING]

DYLAN: IT'S THE HOWLER MONKEY;

OR MORE SPECIFICALLY, THE
MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY.

LARGELY DEPENDENT ON THE FOREST
ENVIRONMENT, TREES PROVIDE THIS

SPECIES WITH FOOD AND A PLACE TO
LIVE.

THIS NEW WORLD PRIMATE MANAGES
TO PRODUCE THE LOUDEST SOUNDS IN

THE FOREST.

[MONKEY HOWLING]

DYLAN: THE HOWLER MONKEY GROUP
IS MADE UP OF 9 SPECIES.

WHILE THE MANTLED HOWLER IS NOT
THE NOISIEST OF THEM, ITS VOCAL

DEMONSTRATIONS CAN STILL BE
HEARD FROM MILES AWAY.

CLEARLY, LOUD ENOUGH TO MARK ITS
TERRITORY.

IN DOING SO, IT WARNS OTHER
GROUPS OF HOWLERS THAT THIS

TRIBE IS OCCUPYING THIS
PARTICULAR RESTING OR

FEEDING SITE.

TO PRODUCE SUCH A SOUND, THE
MONKEY HAS A PARTICULARLY

EFFECTIVE VOICE BOX.

HUMANS POSSESS SPOKEN LANGUAGE.

THIS IS THANKS TO A CERTAIN
SKELETAL ELEMENT; THE HYOID

BONE.

THIS BONE IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT
ARTICULATES WITH NO OTHER BONES,

BUT IS ATTACHED TO THE ROOT OF
THE TONGUE BY MUSCLES IN THE

JAW.

IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES, THIS BONE
IS NOT POSITIONED IN QUITE THE

SAME MANNER.

AND IN THE HOWLER MONKEY, IT'S
20 TIMES LARGER; AN ENLARGEMENT

WHICH CHARACTERIZES THE SPECIES
AND GIVES IT THIS UNIQUE LOOK.

THEIR LARYNX THEN AMPLIFIES ANY
SOUNDS THAT ARE PRODUCED.

[MONKEY HOWLING]

DYLAN: THE MONKEY'S CRY IS
POWERFUL, BUT ITS STRENGTH IS

GENTLE.

IT RELIES ON DISSUASION; USING
ITS VOICE TO ELIMINATE THE NEED

TO ENGAGE IN CONFLICT.

IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM, IT IS
SOMETIMES DIFFICULT TO

DISTINGUISH GENDER.

FOR THE HOWLER MONKEY, HOWEVER,
THAT IS NOT THE CASE.

THIS IS AN ALPHA MALE.

HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING
THE SECURITY AND THE UNITY OF

THE GROUP WHICH IS COMPOSED OF
FEMALES, ADOLESCENTS AND A FEW

OTHER MALES.

HIERARCHY DEMANDS THAT EACH
INDIVIDUAL OBEY AND RESPECT THE

ALPHA'S SOCIAL RANK.

THIS TENDS TO KEEP THE PEACE
AMONG THE GROUPS.

THE PRIVILEGE OF THE ALPHA MALE
IS PROCREATION.

WHEN COURTING, HE STICKS OUT HIS
TONGUE IN A PUBLIC DISPLAY OF

INTENT.

THIS MESSAGE IS RECEIVED BY THIS
FEMALE WHO IS

MATURE ENOUGH TO MATE.

THEIR BRIEF ENCOUNTER CARRIES
THE PROMISE OF A NEW LIFE.

COMING UP, ONE OF THE RAREST
MACAWS IN EXISTENCE GIVES US A

TOUR OF ITS TROPICAL TREETOP
HOME.

AND LATER, WE DISCOVER THE RICH
AND ROYAL HISTORY OF THE

QUETZAL.

PLUS, HOW THESE BIRDS FIND THEIR
FOOTING IN THE DENSE FORESTS OF

COSTA RICA.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WE'RE IN THE NORTHEAST
COAST OF COSTA RICA NEAR

NICARAGUA WHERE ONE OF THE
WORLD'S MOST ICONIC EXOTIC BIRDS

FLIES FREELY.

[MUSIC, BIRDS SQUAWKING]

DYLAN: THE GREAT GREEN MACAW,
OR BUFFON'S MACAW.

GIVEN ITS RARITY, OBSERVING THE
BUFFON'S MACAW IN ITS NATURAL

ENVIRONMENT IS A PRIVILEGE.

THIS SOCIAL BIRD ONCE FLOURISHED
ACROSS CENTRAL AMERICA.

BUT DEFORESTATION CAUSED BY
BANANA CULTIVATION HAS

TRAGICALLY REDUCED ITS NUMBERS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: IN ONE CENTURY, 90
PERCENT OF ITS HABITAT

HAS DISAPPEARED.

NOW THAT GROOMING IS FINISHED,
IT'S TIME TO FIND SOME LUNCH.

THE GROUP FLIES STRAIGHT TO ITS
FAVORITE PANTRY.

[MUSIC, MACAWS SQUAWKING]

DYLAN: THIS PARROT'S TREE IS A
PROPER SYMBOL FOR THE SPECIES.

THE BIRDS USE IT FOR
REPRODUCTION AND FEED FROM IT

ABUNDANTLY.

THE ALMENDRO, OR MOUNTAIN
ALMOND.

THE FRUIT IS A VERY HARD-SHELLED
NUT THAT THE MACAW SKILLFULLY

CRACKS OPEN.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: IN COSTA RICA, A
PROTECTIVE BAN HAS PRESERVED THE

LAST REMAINING FORESTS OF WILD
ALMENDRO TREES FROM BEING

DESTROYED.

AND A REFORESTATION CAMPAIGN HAS
BEEN IMPLEMENTED.

THE CAMPAIGN IS NOW BEARING
FRUIT FROM THE MOUNTAIN ALMOND

TREES, OF COURSE.

OF THE 350 SPECIES OF PARROTS
AND RELATED BIRDS, 100 ARE IN

DANGER OF EXTINCTION INCLUDING
THE GREAT GREEN MACAW.

HOPEFULLY MORE COUNTRIES WILL
FOLLOW POLICIES LIKE THE ONE

PRACTICED IN COSTA RICA TO HELP
PRESERVE SOME OF EARTH'S MOST

REMARKABLE AND BEAUTIFUL
WILDLIFE LIKE THIS MACAW.

COMING UP, WE GET TO KNOW THE
CURIOUS CREATURE THAT IS THE

COSTA RICAN QUETZAL.

PLUS, A TREK INTO THE CLOUD
FORESTS OF COSTA RICA WITH

ANIMALS AS UNIQUE AS THEIR
HABITAT.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: CLOUD FORESTS ARE A RARE
TYPE OF RAINFOREST FOUND IN

TROPICAL AREAS WHERE MIST AND
FOG ENGULF FOREST CANOPIES

YEAR-ROUND.

THE PLANTS AND TREES RECEIVE
NEAR CONSTANT MOISTURE DIRECTLY

FROM THE CLOUDS, ALLOWING THEM
TO TAKE IN AS MUCH WATER AS

POSSIBLE.

THIS HYPERHYDRATION ATTRACTS ALL
TYPES OF SPECIES OF ANIMALS

INCLUDING ONE OF THE RAREST
BIRDS IN THE WORLD.

IN TERMS OF WORLDWIDE
BIODIVERSITY, THE VARIETY OF

SPECIES THAT THE COSTA RICAN
CLOUD FOREST SHELTERS IS ONE OF

THE MOST IMPRESSIVE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: AND IN THE HEART OF
THESE FORESTS

LIVES A BIRD OF MYTH AND LEGEND;

THE MAGNIFICENT QUETZAL.

THE ANCIENT AZTECS PLACED MORE
VALUE ON ITS FEATHERS THAN THEY

DID ON GOLD OR EMERALDS.

ONLY THE GODS AND THE EMPEROR
WORE THEM.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE AZTECS DIDN'T KILL
THE BIRD; THEY CAUGHT IT ALIVE.

BUT ONLY FOR ITS FEATHERS, THEN
THEY WOULD LET IT GO.

AS A SYMBOL OF FREEDOM, THE BIRD
CANNOT BE KEPT ALIVE IN A CAGE.

THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE KNEW THAT
IN RELEASING IT, THE BIRD STOOD

A GOOD CHANCE OF GROWING NEW
FEATHERS AT THE NEXT MOLT.

THE ANIMAL, VENERATED AS A GOD,
WAS THE FEATHERED SERPENT OR

QUETZALCOATL IN THE NAHUATL
LANGUAGE.

KILLING A QUETZAL WAS A CRIME
PUNISHABLE BY DEATH.

TODAY, IT IS THE RADIANT QUETZAL
OF COSTA RICA

ENDEMIC TO THE REGION.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE BIRD IS CLASSIFIED
AS A NEAR THREATENED SPECIES ON

THE RED LIST OF THE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE

CONSERVATION OF NATURE.

THE REMARKABLE TAIL FEATHERS CAN
FORM A TRAIN NEARLY 3 FEET LONG.

THESE ONLY OCCUR ON ADULT MALES.

THOSE LESS THAN 3 YEARS OLD MUST
WAIT.

THE FEMALES ARE MORE DISCREET.

ALTHOUGH THEIR PLUMAGE IS LESS
VARIED, IT IS STILL BEAUTIFULLY

IRIDESCENT.

LIKE THE SCALES ON THE WINGS OF
A BUTTERFLY, THE FEATHERS OF THE

QUETZAL CHANGE COLOR DEPENDING
UPON THE LIGHT AND THE ANGLE

FROM WHICH THEY ARE OBSERVED.

BEING AN UNUSUAL BIRD, IT'S NO
SURPRISE THE QUETZAL HAS SOME

UNUSUAL BEHAVIORS.

HERE'S THE PROOF.

THESE BIRDS MIGRATE, BUT
VERTICALLY.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: NORMALLY LIVING AT AN
ALTITUDE OF ALMOST 4,000 FEET,

EVERY YEAR THEY FLY UP TO 1-1/2
MILES TO REPRODUCE IN THE

CLOUD FOREST.

THIS SEASONAL EVENT IS RELATED
TO THE FRUITING OF THE SPECIES

THAT IT EATS.

THERE ARE ABOUT 40 TYPES OF
FRUITING TREES ON ITS MENU.

AND THE AGUACATEOS, A TYPE OF
WILD AVOCADO, IS ONE OF ITS

FAVORITES.

THESE TREES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH
ANOTHER UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTIC

OF THIS BIRD; ITS FEEDING
HABITS.

THE QUETZAL IS A BIRD THAT
ORDINARILY NEVER TOUCHES THE

GROUND.

IN RELATIVE PROPORTION TO ITS
MASS, IT HAS THE SMALLEST FEET

OF ANY SPECIES OF BIRD.

THIS PECULIARITY IS SOMEWHAT
COMPENSATED FOR BY A 40 PERCENT

INCREASE IN MUSCLES FROM FLYING.

WHEN EATING AVOCADOS, THE
QUETZAL USES A VERY ORIGINAL

FEEDING METHOD; IT GRABS ITS
FOOD WHILE IN FLIGHT.

AND WITH ITS BEAK WIDE OPEN, IT
GRABS THE FRUIT AND RIPS IT FROM

THE TREE.

MISSION ACCOMPLISHED.

BUT WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IS EVEN
MORE PECULIAR;

NO CHEWING, NO TEARING,

THE SPOILS ARE SWALLOWED WHOLE.

THE AVOCADOS VARY IN SIZE AND
THE SHREWD EYE OF THE QUETZAL IS

ATTRACTED TO THE LARGEST FRUITS.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: ITS MANDIBLES, WHICH
FORM THE BEAK, AND ITS

CLAVICLES, CALLED THE FURCULA IN
BIRDS, ARE HIGHLY FLEXIBLE.

THIS ALLOWS THE QUETZAL TO
SWALLOW PARTICULARLY LARGE

FRUITS.

YET IN SPITE OF ALL ITS EFFORTS,
CERTAIN DRUPES ARE JUST TOO

LARGE TO SWALLOW.

EVEN FOR THESE EXPERT EATERS,
SOMETIMES THE EYES ARE BIGGER

THAN THE STOMACH.

COMING UP, FIND OUT WHICH
ANIMALS HAVE THEIR HEAD IN THE

CLOUDS IN THIS UNIQUE FOREST
ENVIRONMENT.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: HERE IN COSTA RICA, THIS
SPECIES OF WILD AVOCADO IS IN

SEASON AND HAS RECENTLY FRUITED;

GIVING AN ABUNDANCE OF LARGE,
FLESHY FRUITS.

A GOOD REASON TO INCITE A LITTLE
ENVY.

A TREE-DWELLING SPECIES OF THE
GALLIFORMES, OR BIGGER-BODIED,

MOSTLY FLIGHTLESS BIRDS, HAS
LOCATED THIS NOURISHING MATTER.

IT'S A BLACK GUAN, ENDEMIC TO
COSTA RICA AND PANAMA.

THIS CLIMBING BIRD IS VERY MUCH
AT HOME IN THE AGUACATEOS TREES.

ITS FEEDING HABITS ARE VERY
DIFFERENT.

IT ASKS NO QUESTIONS, IT JUST
CONSUMES.

ITS LARGE SIZE ALLOWS IT TO
SWALLOW THE FRUIT WHOLE AND ITS

ANATOMY ALLOWS THE PITS TO BE
EVACUATED BY A NATURAL MEANS.

ANOTHER RESIDENT OF THE CLOUD
FOREST IS THE EMERALD TOUCANET.

AN OMNIVORE, THESE BIRDS FEED ON
ALL SORTS OF SMALL ANIMALS

INCLUDING INSECTS, BUT ALSO ON
CHICKS AND EGGS; MUCH TO THE

DISMAY OF THE QUETZALS FOR WHOM
THEY ARE FORMIDABLE PREDATORS.

HOWEVER, LIKE THE QUETZALS, THE
EMERALD TOUCANET APPRECIATES

LARGE FRUITS.

IT TOO HAS ITS OWN SPECIAL
FEEDING METHOD; IT PITS THE

AVOCADO.

AH... IT DROPPED IT.

LUCKILY THERE'S PLENTY MORE
WHERE THAT CAME FROM.

AND THIS TIME THERE'S NO PROBLEM
AT ALL.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LET'S CHECK IN WITH OUR
QUETZAL.

IT'S BEEN 20 MINUTES SINCE IT
SWALLOWED ITS AVOCADO.

BY NOW, THE FRUIT IS IN A
SPECIAL POUCH - THE

PROVENTRICULUS; AN ORGAN THAT
PRE-DIGESTS THE FOOD BEFORE IT

ENTERS THE STOMACH.

CHEMICAL DIGESTION IS AT WORK.

NOW IT'S BEEN 25 MINUTES.

THE FRUIT'S PIT CANNOT BE
DISSOLVED AND IT'S TOO LARGE TO

PASS THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE
TRACT.

SO, NOW THE BIRD HAS DIGESTED
THE PULP AND SKIN;

THE PIT COMES BACK OUT THE WAY
IT CAME.

THE QUETZAL IS DOING ITS PART TO
REPLENISH THE FOREST; DISPERSING

THE SEEDS OF THE TREES THAT FEED
IT.

LIKE A GARDENER, THE QUETZAL
REPLANTS THE FOREST.

THE EXACT MOVEMENTS OF THIS BIRD
HAVE ONLY RECENTLY BEEN

DISCOVERED.

LIKE MANY OF THE PLANET'S RAREST
LIVING TREASURES, THE QUETZAL

AND ITS UNIQUELY-EXOTIC
ENVIRONMENT REQUIRE CARE AND

PROTECTION TO ENSURE THEIR
BRILLIANT ADDITION TO THE WILD

IS NEVER LOST.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON OUR
ADVENTURE TO COSTA RICA TO SEE

THE BRILLIANT WILDLIFE
FLOURISHING THERE.

DESPITE ITS SMALL LAND MASS,
COSTA RICA IS AN ENTIRE WORLD OF

ITS OWN AND CONTINUES TO BE AN
EDEN FOR SO MANY OF THE EARTH'S

MOST SPECTACULAR FAUNA AND
FLORA.

THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE
TODAY, BUT I'LL SEE YOU NEXT

TIME ON ANOTHER "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]