All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S04E33.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU'RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT IS
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

GET READY TO EMBARK ON AN EPIC
ADVENTURE AROUND THE WORLD.

THIS IS "EARTH ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE'RE OFF TO EXPLORE
INDIA AND GET AN UP-CLOSE LOOK

AT ITS INCREDIBLY DIVERSE
WILDLIFE.

IN THE THAR DESERT, AN ENTIRE
MOUNTAIN IS DEDICATED TO THIS

BELOVED BIRD.

THEN IN THE HIGHLY CONTESTED
TREETOPS, HOME PROTECTION ALWAYS

COMES FIRST.

PLUS, HOW THESE NATIVE NOMADS
LIVE THE HIGH-LIFE IN THE

HIMALAYAS.

BUT FIRST, WE CATCH UP ONE OF
THE COUNTRY'S MOST REVERED LOCAL

LEGENDS, THE INDIAN LEOPARD.

ALL OF THIS AND A WHOLE LOT MORE
COMING UP ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: INDIA'S NATURAL
DIVERSITY CAN BE SEEN IN EVERY

DIRECTION YOU LOOK, FROM THE
DENSE MANGROVES IN THE EAST, TO

THE LUSH RAINFORESTS OF THE
SOUTH, THE SNOW-COVERED

MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTH, AND THE
BRUTAL DESERTS IN THE WEST.

EACH REGION OFFERS A COMPLETELY
DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT AND ITS

OWN VAST ARRAY OF BIODIVERSITY
WITH SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST

ICONIC ANIMALS, INCLUDING ONE OF
THE MOST FEARED FELINES ON

EARTH.

IN THE NORTH OF INDIA, LIFE MUST
FIND A WAY TO SURVIVE IN ONE OF

SOUTH ASIA'S DRIEST REGIONS.

HERE AMONG THE CRAGGY HILLS AT
THE EDGE OF THE THAR DESERT,

HUMAN ACTIVITY HAS MAROONED ONE
OF INDIA'S MOST ICONIC

PREDATORS.

AMONG THESE ROCKS LAY THE
REMAINS OF A RECENT MEAL.

THIS INDIAN LEOPARD IS A
STEALTHY, NOCTURNAL HUNTER.

CAPABLE OF TAKING DOWN PREY
THREE TIMES ITS SIZE,

THIS MALE HAS BEEN OUT HUNTING
ALL NIGHT.

IN THE COOL DAWN AIR, HE PATROLS
HIS ROCKY DOMAIN.

KEEPING OUT A WATCHFUL EYE FOR
INTRUDERS.

HE WOULD PREFER TO LIVE A
SOLITARY EXISTENCE, BUT DUE TO

HABITAT LOSS, HE MUST NOW SHARE
THE SINGLE HUNTING GROUND WITH

FIVE OTHER LEOPARDS.

WITH SO MUCH COMPETITION, THESE
BIG CATS ARE BEING FORCED TO

HUNT NIGHT AND DAY.

THE SUN MAY BE RISING, BUT THIS
YOUNG FEMALE IS HEADING DOWN TO

SEARCH FOR PREY.

AT JUST TWO YEARS OLD, SHE'S
STILL PERFECTING HER TECHNIQUE.

AND SHE'S ALREADY BEEN SPOTTED.

ALWAYS READY TO SOUND THE ALARM,
A TROOP OF HANUMAN LANGURS ARE

KEEPING A CLOSE WATCH ON THE BIG
CAT'S EVERY MOVE.

THEY'VE CREATED SO MUCH NOISE,
THE WHOLE FOREST IS ALERTED TO

THIS LEOPARD'S UNEXPECTED
APPROACH.

INCLUDING INDIA'S LARGEST
ANTELOPE.

NILGAI ARE BIG AND FAST.

BUT THE CALF IS AN OBVIOUS
TARGET.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: EVEN A LEOPARD THIS
YOUNG KNOWS NOT TO WASTE ENERGY

ON A LONG CHASE.

PATIENCE WILL BE HER SECRET
WEAPON.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: SHE SPOTS AN OPPORTUNITY
FOR A SURPRISE ATTACK.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: BUT UNFORTUNATELY FOR
THIS ROOKIE HUNTER, HER

CAMOUFLAGE IS BEST SUITED FOR
LOW LIGHT.

AND IN THE BRIGHTNESS OF DAY,
THE NILGAI SOON SPOT THE

APPROACHING DANGER.

PERHAPS ONCE NIGHT FALLS, THE
BIG CAT WILL REGAIN THE UPPER

HAND.

SOUTH ASIA'S DIVERSE WILDLIFE
FACES A MYRIAD OF CHALLENGES.

WHILE THE MONSOON RAINS HAVE
GIVEN LIFE TO CERTAIN REGIONS,

THE INCREASING EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE MAKE THE FUTURE

OF THIS SUBCONTINENT UNCERTAIN.

FOR EVERY UNIQUE CREATURE THAT
CALLS THIS PLACE HOME, EACH MUST

FIGHT TO ENSURE THE SURVIVAL OF
THEIR SPECIES.

AS THE ELEMENTS BECOME MORE
HARSH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

CHANGES, SO TOO MUST THESE
AMAZING ANIMALS IN THEIR FIGHT

TO SURVIVE.

COMING UP, THESE PRIMATES WILL
GO OUT ON A LIMB TO PROTECT

THEIR HOME.

PLUS, WE'LL VISIT A SANCTUARY
WHERE ONE OF INDIA'S MOST

SPECTACULAR BIRDS CAN BE IN
PEACE.

AND LATER, WE TREK TO A REMOTE
PART OF INDIA TO SEE ONE OF THE

WORLD'S MOST DANGEROUS
PREDATORS.

ALL OF THIS WHEN WE RETURN TO
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: IN THE FORESTS OF
NORTHEAST INDIA, ONE RARE

SPECIES OF PRIMATE SPENDS ITS
ENTIRE LIFE IN THE CANOPY.

FEEDING, FIGHTING, AND MATING,
ALL HIGH ABOVE THE GROUND.

THE GOLDEN LANGUR.

THESE TREE-DWELLERS LIVE IN
TIGHTLY KNIT SOCIAL GROUPS.

THEIR BREEDING SEASON RUNS
YEAR-ROUND.

BUT FEMALES GIVE BIRTH TO JUST A
SINGLE BABY.

CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR STATUS AS
ONE OF INDIA'S MOST ENDANGERED

MAMMALS.

THESE LANGURS SPEND THEIR WHOLE
LIFE IN THE TREES AND WILL

RARELY SET FOOT ON THE GROUND.

ALL THE FOOD THEY NEED CAN BE
FOUND IN THE CANOPY, WITH MATURE

LEAVES AND FRESH BUDS MAKING UP
THE MAJORITY OF THEIR DIET.

AND MOST OF THEIR WATER COMES
FROM DEW AND RAIN-SOAKED LEAVES.

HOWEVER, DESPITE THE ABUNDANCE
OF SNACKS, COMPETITION OVER

FEEDING IS RIPE.

MINOR DISAGREEMENTS CAN SOON GET
OUT OF HAND.

BUT GOLDEN LANGURS USUALLY OPT
FOR FLIGHT, NOT FIGHT.

AND SIMPLY LEAP AWAY.

LARGE HIND LIMBS PROVIDE
POWERFUL PROPULSION, WHILST

LONG, PADDED FINGERS ALLOW FOR
EFFECTIVE HOOKING AND GRABBING.

LANGURS ARE ONE OF THE FEW
PRIMATES TO HAVE ALL BUT LOST

THEIR THUMBS.

AN EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION TO
HELP WHILE SWINGING THROUGH THE

TREES.

THEY ALSO HAVE A LONG TAIL,
WHICH ENHANCES BALANCE AND MAKES

ESCAPING A QUARREL A FAR EASIER
TASK.

BUT WHEN THE FIGHTING COMES TO
AN END, THEY HAVE A VERY GENTLE

WAY OF MAKING UP.

GROOMING IS ONE OF THEIR
FAVORITE PASTIMES AND IT ISN'T

ALWAYS DONE ALONE.

LANGURS TURN THIS INTO A SOCIAL
AFFAIR.

THEY OFTEN RUMMAGE THROUGH EACH
OTHER'S FUR TO ENFORCE SOCIAL

BONDS AND RELIEVE STRESS.

COMING UP, WE HEAD TO THE THAR
DESERT TO EXPLORE A MOUNTAIN

MADE PERFECT FOR BIRDS.

PLUS, DISCOVER A LIFE IN THE
CLOUDS WITH THESE INDIAN NOMADS.

WHEN "EARTH ODYSSEY" RETURNS.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: BIRDS OF PREY, ALSO
KNOWN AS RAPTORS, ARE SOME OF

THE MOST SKILLED PREDATORS IN
THE WORLD.

THEY HAVE TO BE, CONSIDERING
THEY TYPICALLY HUNT CREATURES

THAT ARE BIGGER THAN THEY ARE.

INDIA IS HOME TO TEN DIFFERENT
SPECIES OF RAPTORS, ALL FEARED

BY THEIR PREY, BUT BELOVED BY
THE INDIAN PEOPLE.

NOWHERE IS THIS MORE APPARENT
THAN IN THE THAR DESERT, WHERE

LOCALS HAVE DEDICATED AN ENTIRE
MOUNTAIN TO THESE HIGH-FLYING

HUNTERS.

WELCOME BACK TO INDIA, WHERE WE
MAKE OUR WAY TO A CITY KNOWN AS

THE GATEWAY TO THE DESERT,
JODHPUR.

IT'S DOMINATED BY ONE OF INDIA'S
MOST IMPRESSIVE BUILDINGS,

MEHRANGARH FORT.

ALSO KNOWN AS MOUNTAIN OF BIRDS.

ITS BATTLEMENTS TOWER 400 FEET
ABOVE THE CITY.

AND THEY'VE BEEN OCCUPIED FOR
CENTURIES.

THE FORT IS A STRONGHOLD FOR
BIRDS OF PREY, THANKS TO THE

PEOPLE OF JODHPUR.

IN THE FABLED BLUE CITY, RAPTORS
HAVE LONG BEEN PROTECTED.

CARING FOR THE BLACK KITE
POPULATION IS A TASK LATIF

KARACHI TAKES TO HEART.

LATIF FEEDS THE KITES EVERYDAY
AS HIS FAMILY HAS DONE FOR

GENERATIONS.

IT IS A GREAT HONOR.

NURTURED BY THE CITY, THE KITES
THRIVE IN THEIR DESERT FORTRESS.

THEY SHARE THEIR HOME WITH
LONG-BILLED VULTURES THAT NEST

ON ITS BATTLEMENTS.

BUT INDIA'S VULTURES HAVEN'T
BEEN SO LUCKY.

THEIR NUMBERS FELL BY 90 PERCENT
IN RECENT YEARS.

ACCIDENTALLY POISONED BY A DRUG
THAT IS NOW BANNED.

FEWER VULTURES NEST HERE NOW,
BUT JODHPUR'S FORT REMAINS A

VITAL BREEDING GROUND.

NUMBERS ARE SLOWLY RECOVERING.

VULTURES RISE ON THERMALS AND
SOAR EFFORTLESSLY ABOVE THE BLUE

CITY.

THE STREETS BELOW ARE CROWDED
WITH WORKING ANIMALS.

COWS ARE SACRED TO HINDUS AND
CANNOT BE EATEN WHEN THEY DIE.

INSTEAD, THEY MUST BE
RESPECTFULLY DISPOSED OF.

EVERYDAY, CARCASSES ARE WHEELED
TO THE EDGE OF THE CITY, WHERE

THERE ARE LEFT TO THE
SCAVENGERS.

BIRDS OF PREY ARE INVALUABLE TO
SOCIETY.

VULTURES ARE FED, IN RETURN,
THEY CLEAN UP THE CITY.

HELPING ENSURE DISEASE DOESN'T
SPREAD.

COMING UP, VULTURES AREN'T THE
ONLY ANIMALS IN INDIA LIVING

SIDE BY SIDE WITH HUMANS.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: WELCOME BACK TO INDIA,
WHERE IN THE STAGGERING

MOUNTAINS OF THE HIMALAYAS, EVEN
A SNOW LEOPARD REFUSES TO BRAVE

THE FRIGID TEMPERATURES ABOVE
18,000 FEET.

AND IT APPEARS THIS
OXYGEN-DEPLETED ALTITUDE IS THE

LIMIT FOR ANOTHER MAMMAL THAT
ALSO STRUGGLES TO SURVIVE IN THE

MOUNTAINS OF INDIA'S MOST
NORTHERN REGION, LADAKH.

FOLLOWING A SIX HOUR TREK FROM
THE HIMALAYA'S HIGHER PLAINS,

THE CHANGPA TRIBE FINALLY REACH
THEIR TEMPORARY WINTER BASE.

THESE NOMADIC HERDERS CAN'T
SURVIVE THE HARSH WINTER COLD

ABOVE 16,000 FEET, SO INSTEAD,
TRAVEL MORE THAN SIX MILES TO

REACH THE LOWER ALTITUDE PLAINS.

EVEN HERE, AT 13,000 FEET, IN A
BLINK OF THE SUN, TEMPERATURES

CAN SUDDENLY PLUMMET FROM PLUS
41 TO MINUS 22 DEGREES

FAHRENHEIT.

SETTING UP CAMP BY ONE OF THE
PREVIOUS SEASON'S DRYSTONE

CORRALS IS TOP OF THE TO-DO LIST
BEFORE THE BONE-CHILLING NIGHT

AIR CREEPS IN.

AS THE EARLY MORNING SUN TAKES
THE AMBIENT AIR ABOVE FREEZING,

BABY GOATS THAT SPENT THE NIGHT
UNDER THE WARM COVER OF CANVAS

ARE RETURNED TO THE HERD.

FOR CENTURIES, NOMADS HAVE BEEN
HERDING THE GOATS, WHOSE

DELICATE WOOL SUPPLIES THE
CASHMERE SHAWL INDUSTRY.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: NEWBORN KIDS GUARANTEE
THE FUTURE SUPPLY OF RAW WOOL,

KNOWN AS PASHM, SO THEY
RECEIVE SPECIAL CARE AND ARE

ALWAYS FIRST TO BE TENDED TO.

A CONSTANTLY SMOKING STOVE IS
THE CENTER POINT TO NOMADIC

LIFE, ALONGSIDE A DECORATED
ALTAR USED FOR DAILY WORSHIP.

WITH THEIR ORIGINS IN
NEIGHBORING COUNTRY TIBET, THE

CHANGPA ARE DEVOUT FOLLOWERS OF
TIBETAN BUDDHISM.

THEY BELIEVE THE WORLD IS
DIVIDED INTO THREE DISTINCT

LAYERS.

THE UPPER TIER BEING THE HOME OF
THE GODS, THE LOWER, THE DOMAIN

OF THE UNDERWORLD SPIRITS, AND
SANDWICHED IN THE MIDDLE IS THE

LAYER SHARED BY PEOPLE AND
ANIMALS.

BELIEVING THAT THEIR LIVESTOCK
IS A GIFT FROM THE GODS, EACH

MORNING, INCENSE BURNT AT THE
TENT'S ALTAR IS TAKEN OUTSIDE

AND OFFERED TO THEIR ANIMALS.

THE NUMBER OF GOATS, SHEEP, AND
YAK A FAMILY OWNS DEFINES

WEALTH.

THE MOST WELL-OFF CAN POSSESS
MORE THAN A THOUSAND ANIMALS.

WITH TREES UNABLE TO GROW IN
THIS HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMATE,

FIREWOOD IS CONVENIENTLY
REPLACED BY ANOTHER RENEWABLE

SOURCE.

WHILE HIS MOTHER AND FATHER
REMAIN AT CAMP TACKLING DOMESTIC

DUTIES, 18-YEAR-OLD TUBSTON
HEADS OFF FOR THE DAY, IN SEARCH

OF GRAZING, TO SATISFY HIS HERD
OF 100 HUNGRY MOUTHS.

BOYS START SHEPHERDING WITH
THEIR FATHERS AT THE AGE OF

EIGHT AND WHEN CONFIDENT, HEAD
OFF INTO THE HILLS ON THEIR OWN.

ALTHOUGH SHEEP AND YAK FIBERS
ALSO PROVIDE A SOURCE OF INCOME,

IT IS THE INDIGENOUS TIBETAN, OR
PASHMINA MOUNTAIN GOATS, THAT

ARE THE MOST VALUED.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE HARSH CLIMATE OF THE
LADAKH PLATEAU FORCES THE GOATS

TO GROW AN EXTRA LAYER OF DOWNY
FIBER BENEATH THEIR UPPER COAT,

PRODUCING SOME OF THE FINEST
WOOL AVAILABLE TODAY.

BACK IN THE 19TH CENTURY, THE
EVER-SCHEMING EAST INDIA COMPANY

REALIZED THE VALUE OF SUCH
FIBERS AND WERE QUICK TO COERCE

THE LADAKHI KINGS TO SIDE WITH
THE EMPIRE.

BUT THE SO-CALLED PASHMINA WARS
BETWEEN THE REGION'S VARIOUS

RULERS DATE BACK MORE THAN 400
YEARS.

ALTHOUGH THE LOWER GRAZING
GROUNDS AREN'T COVERED BY SNOW

LIKE THE HIGHER PLAINS, THEIR
SHORT, DRIED GRASSES PROVIDE A

VERY LIMITED VASTLY SPREAD-OUT
RESOURCE.

TUBSTON AND HIS HERD HAVE NO
OPTION BUT TO COVER MORE THAN

SIX MILES EACH DAY, IN SEARCH OF
EDIBLE PASTURE.

IT'S AN ARDUOUS BUT REWARDING
NINE HOUR TRIP.

THE COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL

POPULATIONS OF INDIA HAS HELPED
TO PROTECT A MULTITUDE OF

ENDANGERED NATIVE SPECIES.

THIS CONNECTION AND MUTUAL
RESPECT IS SAVING ANIMAL LIVES

EVERYDAY, SETTING AN EXAMPLE
AROUND THE WORLD.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY
ON OUR INDIAN EXCURSION.

I HOPE TO SEE YOU FOR THE NEXT
ADVENTURE ON "EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]