All language subtitles for Earth.Odyssey.With.Dylan.Dreyer.S04E09.1080p.WEB.h264-DiRT_track3_[eng]

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU RE

WATCHING TELEVISION THAT IS
EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL.

THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

DYLAN: HI, EVERYBODY, I'M DYLAN
DREYER AND THIS IS "EARTH

ODYSSEY".

TODAY, WE JOURNEY AROUND THE
WORLD TO EXPLORE THE EXTREMES OF

THE WILD.

FROM THE EXCEPTIONALLY SMALL TO
EXCEEDINGLY HARSH TEMPERATURES.

WE'LL DISCOVER THE PLANET'S MOST
FASCINATING PLACES AND ANIMALS.

LIKE THIS TINY CARNIVORE THAT
HAS A BIGGER BITE THAN YOU MAY

THINK.

AND THE FREEZING FORESTS THAT'S
HOME TO SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST

RESILIENT WILDLIFE.

THEN, WE FIND OUT WHY THE
GRAZING PRIMATE ARE AMAZING

MAMMALS.

ALL OF THIS AND MORE TODAY ON
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT
THE HOTTEST PLACE ON EARTH IS

THE LUT DESERT IN IRAN, WHERE
TEMPERATURES OFTEN REACH NEARLY

160 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

ON THE OTHER END OF THE
SPECTRUM, PARTS OF ANTARCTICA

CAN DROP TO MINUS 133 DEGREES.

THESE POLAR OPPOSITES MAY BE
EXTREME, BUT THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

FINDS A WAY TO ADAPT AND THRIVE
IN ALL SORTS OF CONDITIONS.

LIKE THIS SNEAKY SPECIES IN
FINLAND THAT HAS A TRICK FOR

HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT.

TAKE A LOOK.

HERE IN FINLAND, ONE ANIMAL USES
A SPECIALIZED TRAIT TO COPE WITH

EXTREME CHANGES BETWEEN THE
SEASONS.

THE WEASEL.

THE WORLD'S SMALLEST CARNIVORE.

AT AROUND SIX INCHES LONG, IT
HAS A CUTE, HARMLESS APPEARANCE.

BUT LOOKS CAN BE DECEPTIVE.

THESE ARE RUTHLESS, BLOODTHIRSTY
KILLERS.

AND EVOLUTION HAS GIVEN THEM A
WEAPON.

WEASELS CHANGE THEIR COLOR
ACCORDING TO THE SEASONS.

IN THE SUMMER, WEASELS HAVE A
BROWN COAT.

AND IN WARMER REGIONS WHERE SNOW
IS SCARCE, THEY STAY THIS COLOR.

BUT IN SNOW-COVERED REGIONS,
THIS CAN CHANGE TO WHITE.

THIS ABILITY TO CHANGE COLOR TO
SUIT THEIR SNOWY ENVIRONMENT

MAKES THEM HARD TO SPOT.

AND ONE CAN SMELL HIS FAVORITE
MEAL.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: VOLES.

THESE SMALL RODENTS LIVE IN
UNDERGROUND BURROWS.

THEY USUALLY TRAVEL IN A NETWORK
OF TUNNELS BENEATH THE SNOW, BUT

SOMETIMES, THEY HAVE TO VENTURE
OUT.

UNFORTUNATELY, NATURE HASN'T
GIVEN VOLES THE SAME ABILITY TO

CHANGE COLOR, LEAVING THEM AT A
DISTINCT DISADVANTAGE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE WEASEL SPOTS THE
OPPORTUNITY AND GIVES CHASE.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: IT CLOSES THE GAP
QUICKLY, BUT THE VOLE MAKES IT

BACK TO ITS BURROW.

IT MAY THINK IT'S SAFE, BUT THE
WEASEL'S SMALL ENOUGH TO FOLLOW

IT INTO ITS TUNNEL.

THIS HUNGRY WEASEL IS GOING TO
HAVE A BUSY WINTER.

COMING UP, WE'LL HEAD TO AFRICA,
WHERE A TROOP OF BABBOONS IS THE

LAST OF THEIR SPECIES TO USE
THIS METHOD OF EATING.

PLUS, THIS MASSIVE MAMMAL IS NO
STRANGER TO SLEEPING, SO WHAT'S

THE FIRST THING THEY DO AFTER A
LONG WINTER'S REST?

BUT FIRST, HOW DO THESE
FLAMINGOS SURVIVE ONE OF THE

EARTH'S MOST DANGEROUS LAKES?

FIND OUT NEXT ON "EARTH
ODYSSEY".

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LAKE NATRON, IN
TANZANIA, IS AFRICA'S MOST

INHOSPITABLE LAKE.

HIGH LEVELS OF EVAPORATION HAVE
INCREASED THE SALINITY SO MUCH

THAT IT CAN BURN THE SKIN AND
EYES OF ANYTHING THAT TOUCHES

IT.

FEW ANIMALS DARE DRINK FROM
THESE BRINY SHORES AND MOST STAY

AWAY.

BUT A FEW TINY ORGANISMS THRIVE
ON THE SALT.

AND IT'S THESE RED ALGAE THAT
HAVE BECOME THE STAPLE FOOD OF

ONE OF THE ONLY BIRDS CAPABLE OF
WITHSTANDING THESE CAUSTIC

WATERS.

EVERY YEAR, TWO AND A HALF
MILLION LESSER FLAMINGOS COME

HERE TO BREED AND TO RAISE THEIR
YOUNG.

BUT HOW ARE THEY ABLE TO EXIST
IN SUCH AN EXTREME ENVIRONMENT?

THEIR THICK, LEATHERY SKIN CAN
WITHSTAND THE BURNING, CAUSTIC

WATER.

THEY ALSO FEED UPSIDE DOWN,
WHICH ALLOWS THEM TO AVOID

SUBMERGING THEIR HEADS.

GLANDS IN THEIR HEADS REMOVE THE
SALT WHEN FEEDING, DRAINING IT

OUT OF THEIR NOSES.

NATURE HAS KINDLY GIVEN THEM NO
SENSE OF SMELL OR TASTE.

ALMOST THREE QUARTERS OF ALL
LESSER FLAMINGOS ARE BORN IN

LAKE NATRON.

THE YOUNG FLAMINGOS START OUT
WITH GREY FEATHERS.

ONLY TURNING PINK AFTER SEVERAL
YEARS, ONCE THEY'VE CONSUMED

ENOUGH OF THE ALGAE TO DYE THEIR
FEATHERS.

THE EXTREME SALINITY OF THE
LAKE'S WATER KEEPS OUT

PREDATORS.

AND IT'S THIS INACCESSIBILITY
THAT MAKES IT A SAFE PLACE TO

BREED AND THE PERFECT PLACE TO
RAISE THEIR YOUNG.

IT'S NOT JUST ANIMALS THAT HAVE
ADAPTED TO SURVIVE IN EXTREME

ENVIRONMENTS.

PLANTS, TOO, MUST CHANGE AND
ADAPT IN ORDER TO EEK OUT AN

EXISTENCE IN THE PLANET'S
TOUGHEST CONDITIONS.

THE TAIGA, OR SNOW FOREST,
STRETCHES ACROSS NORTH AMERICA,

THEN THROUGH NORTHERN EUROPE,
AND RUSSIA.

THIS BAND OF CONIFEROUS FORESTS
MAKES UP ONE THIRD OF THE

WORLD'S TREES.

ALTHOUGH SUMMERS HERE CAN BE
WARM, THE WINTERS ARE BITTERLY

COLD.

TEMPERATURES DROPPING BELOW
MINUS 40 DEGREES.

AND LITTLE OTHER PLANT LIFE CAN
SURVIVE IN THIS SNOWY

WILDERNESS.

BUT THESE ARE SOME OF THE
TOUGHEST TREES IN THE WORLD.

ADAPTED TO WITHSTAND THESE
EXTREME CONDITIONS.

THEY HAVE SHALLOW ROOTS, WHICH
ALLOWS THEM TO GROW IN THIN

SOIL.

IN THE WINTER, MOST PLANTS CEASE
TO PHOTOSYNTHESIZE.

BUT THESE TREES ARE ABLE TO
MAXIMIZE WHAT SMALL SUNLIGHT

THERE IS, BY HOLDING ONTO THEIR
NEEDLES ALL YEAR-ROUND.

THEIR DARK COLOR INCREASING THE
ABSORPTION OF LIGHT.

THEIR THIN, DAGGER-LIKE SHAPE
LIMITS THE AMOUNT OF WATER LOST

THROUGH EVAPORATION, WHICH IS
IMPORTANT IN WINTER, WHEN ROOTS

IN THE FROZEN SOIL STRUGGLE TO
TAKE IN WATER.

THE NARROW, CONICAL SHAPE HELPS
PROTECT THE TREE DURING WINTER

BLIZZARDS, THE DOWNWARD,
DROOPING BRANCHES SHEDDING SNOW

BEFORE THEY OVERLOAD.

COMING UP, ONE OF THE EARTH'S
LARGEST LAND MAMMALS IS FINALLY

AWAKE AND FEROCIOUSLY HUNGRY.

PLUS, THESE BABOONS ARE HUNGRY,
TOO, BUT THEY HAVE ANOTHER

METHOD THAT IS NOT SEEN IN ANY
OTHER SPECIES OF BABOON.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: ENDOTHERMIC ANIMALS,
LIKE POLAR BEARS, ARE ABLE TO

CONTROL THEIR BODY TEMPERATURE
IN VARIOUS CLIMATES.

THIS IS DONE BY EATING, STAYING
ACTIVE, OR FOR SOME, LIVING IN

THE EXTREMELY COLD REGIONS OF
THE WORLD, SLEEPING.

THE SPECIES OF BEAR YOU'RE ABOUT
TO MEET HAS MASTERED THE ART OF

NAPPING.

TAKE A LOOK.

ONE OF THE TAIGA'S BIGGEST
ANIMAL RESIDENTS HAS ALSO

DEVELOPED ITS OWN WAY TO SURVIVE
THE EXTREMES OF WINTER.

AFTER FOUR LONG MONTHS,
TEMPERATURES HAVE FINALLY RISEN

ABOVE FREEZING.

AND THIS IS THE FIRST BROWN BEAR
TO EMERGE.

WEIGHING ALMOST 1,100 POUNDS,
BROWN BEARS ARE OMNIVORES AND

WILL EAT ANYTHING.

BUT THERE WAS LITTLE TO CHOOSE
FROM HERE IN WINTER.

SO, IN ORDER TO SURVIVE, HE HAS
CONSERVED HIS ENERGY SLEEPING

RIGHT THROUGH THE COLDEST PART
OF THE YEAR.

FOR UP TO SIX MONTHS, BROWN
BEARS DIG DENS OR HIDE

THEMSELVES AWAY IN CAVES TO
HIBERNATE.

THEY REDUCE THEIR HEARTRATE FROM
50 TO 10 BEATS PER MINUTE.

SLASHING THEIR METABOLIC RATE.

THE BROWN BEAR CAN SURVIVE FOR
100 DAYS WITHOUT FOOD OR WATER.

BUT NOW, SPRING HAS FINALLY
SPRUNG.

THE HUNGRY BEAR HAS WOKEN UP.

THE SNOW AND ICE HAVE BEGUN TO
MELT AND THE BEAR CAN START TO

LOOK FOR FOOD ONCE AGAIN.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: HE'S SO HUNGRY THAT
HE'LL GO FOR ANYTHING THAT'S

AVAILABLE.

BEARS HAVE ONE OF THE BEST
SENSES OF SMELL OF ANY MAMMAL.

2,000 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN
HUMANS.

USING SMELL ALONE, HE TRACKS
DOWN A CARCASS MORE THAN 18

MILES AWAY FROM HIS DEN.

A VICTIM OF THE COLD WINTER
PROVIDES MUCH-NEEDED SUSTENANCE.

BUT HE NEEDS TO BE QUICK.

A FIND LIKE THIS IS SURE TO
ATTRACT ATTENTION.

THERE ARE AROUND 2,500 BEARS
ROAMING NORTHERN EUROPE'S

FORESTS.

AND MOST WILL BE HUNGRY.

AT FIRST, HE'S TOO BUSY TO
NOTICE HE'S GOT COMPANY.

LUCKILY, BEARS HAVE GREAT
HEARING.

THE THAWING ICE GIVES THE
INTRUDER'S GAME AWAY.

THE INTRUDER IS MUCH BIGGER, SO
HE MAKES A SWIFT EXIT.

LUCKILY, THERE WILL BE PLENTY OF
FOOD LEFTOVER.

HE JUST HAS TO WAIT HIS TURN.

COMING UP, HOW DO THESE BABOONS
THRIVE IN THIS EXTREMELY

UNFORGIVING ENVIRONMENT?

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE
MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: LIVING IN EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS OFTEN MEANS FOOD IS

SCARCE, SO ANIMALS HOPING TO
SURVIVE SOMETIMES ADAPT THEIR

DIET TO WHATEVER'S AVAILABLE.

THE MAJESTIC SIMIAN MOUNTAINS IN
ETHIOPIA.

IT'S A LANDSCAPE FULL OF
RAVINES, TOWERING PRECIPICES AND

PEAKS MORE THAN TWO AND A HALF
MILES HIGH.

FEW SPECIES INHABIT THIS WILD
AND FORGOTTEN LAND.

BUT THESE SOARING MOUNTAINS ARE
THE PERFECT HOME FOR ONE OF

AFRICA'S MOST UNUSUAL GRAZING
MAMMALS.

THE GELADA BABOONS.

THE LAST SURVIVING GRAZING
PRIMATES IN THE WORLD.

LIVING AT THIS HIGH ALTITUDE
MEANS THESE BABOONS HAVE HAD TO

ADAPT TO STAY ALIVE.

MOST MONKEYS FEED ON FRUIT AND
SEEDS, BUT THESE PRIMATES HAVE

LEARNED TO EAT SOMETHING ELSE:
GRASS.

THEIR POWERFUL FINGERS ARE
PERFECTLY DESIGNED FOR PULLING

THE GRASS OUT OF THE GROUND.

WHILE THEIR LARGE MOLAR TEETH
ARE ADEPT AT CHEWING, EXTRACTING

THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF NUTRIENTS
FROM EACH BLADE.

UP TO 600 MONKEYS ROAM THESE
GRASSY PLATEAUS AND WHOLE

MEADOWS ARE QUICKLY TRIMMED
DOWN.

GELADAS HAVE AN ALPHA MALE AS
THEIR LEADER OF THE GROUP.

BUT IN PRACTICE, IT'S A
MATRIARCHAL SOCIETY.

THE FEMALES DECIDE WHEN AND
WHERE TO FEED, AS WELL AS

CHOOSING WHEN IT'S TIME TO
REPLACE THE LEADER.

GELADAS HAVE A DISTINCT PINK
HOURGLASS SHAPE ON THE FRONT OF

THEIR CHESTS.

WHEN A FEMALE COMES INTO SEASON,
IT BLISTERS AND BECOMES BRIGHTER

IN COLOR, TO SHOW WHEN THEY ARE
FERTILE.

THIS CAUSES GREAT EXCITEMENT
AMONGST THE TROOP'S MALES.

BUT ALSO, OTHER MALES FROM RIVAL
COLONIES.

A GROUP OF BACHELORS ARRIVES
LOOKING FOR ACCESS TO THE

FEMALES.

THE ALPHA MALE WILL HAVE TO
FIGHT TO PROTECT HIS HAREM.

HE PULLS BACK HIS ELASTICATED
LIP, REVEALING FEARSOME CANINE

TEETH, SHOWING HE'S NOT TO BE
MESSED WITH.

BUT ONE RIVAL IS UNPHASED BY THE
THREAT.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE ALPHA MALE PUTS UP A
FIGHT, BUT THE BACHELOR IS

STRONG.

SENSING WEAKNESS, THE REST OF
THE BACHELOR TROOP JOINS IN.

FORCING OUT THE ALPHA.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE CHALLENGER HAS
TRIUMPHED.

HE APPROACHES THE FEMALE.

BUT BEATING THE ALPHA MALE IS
ONLY HALF THE BATTLE.

HE STILL HAS TO WIN OVER THE
FEMALES.

THEY'RE CLEARLY NOT CONVINCED
HE'S A WORTHY LEADER.

STILL LOYAL TO THEIR ALPHA, THEY
DEMAND HIS RETURN.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: THE FEMALES HAVE PROVEN
THEY HOLD ALL THE POWER AND THE

BACHELOR GROUP MAKES A HASTY
RETREAT.

[MUSIC]

DYLAN: HUMBLED BY THEIR
LOYALTY, THE ALPHA MALE RETURNS

TO WATCH OVER HIS TROOP ONCE
AGAIN.

BY LIVING AT THESE HIGH
ALTITUDES, THE GELADAS EVADE

PREDATORS AND FACE LITTLE
COMPETITION FOR FOOD.

BUT FOR THE YOUNG MONKEYS, THE
CLIFFS AT THE EDGE OF THE COLONY

PRESENT ANOTHER CONSTANT DANGER.

FEW ANIMALS CHOOSE TO LIVE IN
THESE CONDITIONS.

BUT THIS EXTRAORDINARY PRIMATE
IS ONE EXCEPTION.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON OUR
JOURNEY AROUND THE WORLD, TO

FIND THE ANIMALS THAT MAKE THEIR
HOMES IN THE EXTREMES OF THE

EARTH.

FROM SNEAKY WEASELS TO
MEDDLESOME MONKEYS, THESE DARING

CREATURES CONTINUE TO SURVIVE
AND THRIVE IN THE MOST DANGEROUS

OF ENVIRONMENTS.

WE'LL SEE YOU AGAIN ON THE NEXT
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

[MUSIC]