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We are not going to let
these white people come into
our neighborhood and kill us!

We are going to put
every cracker in Atlanta
on his knees!

[chanting]
We want black power!
We want black power!

We want black power!
We want black power!

We have a power.
- [man] Yeah.

Power that can't be found
in Molotov cocktails.

But we do have a power.

A power that cannot be found
in bullets and in guns.

But we have a power.

[man]
Yeah. That's right.

It is a power
as old as the insights
of Jesus of Nazareth

and is modern
as the techniques
of Mohandas K. Gandhi.

This country has never cared
about black people.
[man] That's right.

They don't give
two damns about us.

And all of us always turn around

worrying about,
"What's good for America?
What's good?"

Later for America.

What's good for black people?
That's what we wanna know.

We are all caught
in an inescapable network
of mutuality,

tied in a single
garment of destiny.

And whatever
affects one directly

affects all indirectly.

For some strange reason,
I can never be
what I ought to be

until you are
what you ought to be.

The rich man can never be
what he ought to be

until the poor man
is what he ought to be.

John Donne caught it years ago
and placed it in graphic terms.

"No man is an island
entire of itself.

Every man is a piece
of the continent,
a part of the main."

And then he goes on
toward the end to say,

"Any man's death diminishes me

because I'm involved in mankind,

and therefore never send to know
for whom the bell tolls.

It tolls for thee."

What I hate to see
is one of these politicians
running for office.

"I represent all of the people."

Well, hell, if I ever run,

I ain't representin'
nobody but black folks!

The hell with all!
All I'm interested in
is black folks!

We must never forget

that there are
some white people
in the United States

just as determined
to see us free as we ought
to be free ourselves.

[cheering, applause]

We must never forget
that there were two lads

by the name of Michael Schwerner
and Andy Goodman
from New York City--

White lads who died right here
for our freedom.

[applause]

We must never forget that it
was Reverend James Reeb,

a white Unitarian minister
who died in Alabama
for our freedom.

[applause]

We must never forget
that it was Mrs. Viola Liuzzo

who died on Highway 8 in Alabama
for our freedom.

[applause]

And so I say, together we
must solve this problem.

The time for talking
is over, brothers. We at war.
- [woman] Right.

Get that thing on out of here.

This ain't no
civil rights movement
no more.

The civil rights movement
is dead, and thank goodness.

That's your enemy out there.

That is your enemy.
Don't you forget it.
'Cause I ain't, honky.

We are at war.
- [man] Right.

Caught behind the enemy's lines.

You better get you some guns.
Don't you forget it.

They scared of my rifle.
Wait till I get me
an atomic bomb.

Who has a victory
of killing and lynching people

and throwing 'em in rivers?

It's our oppressors,

and now people are telling me
to stoop down to that level.

Oh, no.
[woman] Oh, no!

[crowd shouting]

[applause]

The reason that I will not do it

is that I'm not gonna allow
anybody to pull me so low

as to use the very method

that has perpetuated evil
throughout our civilization.

I'm sick and tired of violence.

I'm tired of the war in Vietnam.
[man] Yes, sir!

I'm tired of war
and conflict in the world.

I'm tired of shooting.
I'm tired of hate.

I'm tired of selfishness.

I'm tired of evil.

I'm not gonna use violence,
no matter who says it.

[applause]

Sometimes--

Yes. Sometimes the good Lord--

I say sometimes the good Lord
accepts his own perfection

and closes his eyes

and goes ahead
and takes his own good time,

and he makes himself a man.

Yes.

And sometimes that man
gets hold of the idea

of what it is possible
for him to do.

And that man lets
that idea guide him

as he grows and struggles
and stumbles in sorrows

until finally he comes
into his own God-given shape

and achieves his own individual
and lonely place in this world.

It doesn't happen very often.

Oh, no.

But when it does,

then even the stones
will cry out
in witness to his vision,

and the hills and towers
will echo his words and deeds,

and his examples will live
in the hearts of men forever.

The master doesn't make
many like that,

because that kind of man
is dangerous
to the sloppy ways of the world.

That kind of man loves truth
even more than he loves his life

or his wife or his children.

Because he's been
designated and set aside

to do the hard tasks
that have to be done.

That kind of man will do
what he sees is justice,

even if the earth yawns
and swallows him down.

And even then,

his deeds will persist
in the land forever.

So you look at him.

You look at him a while,

and be thankful that the Lord
let such a man touch our lives.

Even if it were
for only a little while.

[King speaking]
We are here this evening
for serious business.

[speaking continues]

[applause]

[congregation singing]

It has been moved and seconded

that the resolution
that was read
will be received and adopted.

Are you ready for the question?

[cheering]

All in favor,
let it be known
by standing on your feet.

[cheering]

[King] That was the day

that we started a bus protest

which literally
electrified the nation.

And that was the day
when we decided

that we were not going to take
segregated buses any longer.

And, you know,
when we planned the bus boycott,

we said if we could just
get about 50 or 60 percent

of the Negroes of Montgomery
not to ride buses,

this would be
an effective boycott.

I think that whole day

we found eight Negroes
on the buses.

And from that day on,

that boycott was more
than 99.9 percent effective.

For several weeks now,

we the Negro citizens
of Montgomery

have been involved
in a nonviolent protest

against the injustices
which we have experienced
on the buses

for a number of years.

We feel that we are right.

We have a legitimate gripe,
a legitimate protest.

And we feel also
that one of the great glories
of American democracy

is that we have the right
to protest for right.

We will do it
in an orderly fashion.

This is a nonviolent protest.

We are depending on moral
and spiritual forces,

using the method
of passive resistance.

[woman] ♪ Way over yonder ♪

[congregation]
♪ Way over yonder ♪

♪ Way over yonder ♪
♪ Way over yonder ♪

♪ I'm coming ♪

[singing continues]

[King] I remember
that Monday morning

when I was subpoenaed
to be in court.

[man] Well.

[King] The chief defender.

Many things ran through my mind.

And I started thinking
about the people.

All day long,
trying to think of something
to say to the people.

Finally, I got to talk.
- [man] Okay, Martin.

[King]
My words were fumbling a bit.

Let us fight passionately
and unrelentingly

for the goals
of justice and peace.

Let's be sure that our hands
are clean in this struggle.

Let us never fight
with falsehood

and violence and hate
and malice.

But always fight with love
so that when the day comes

that the walls of segregation
have completely crumbled
in Montgomery

we will be able
to live with people
as their brothers and sisters.

[engine starting, revving]

We still advocate nonviolence
with passive resistance

and still determine
to use the weapon of love.

We are still insisting
emphatically

that violence is self-defeating,

that he who lives by the sword
will perish by the sword.

[man] Thank you, sir.

Are you gonna ride
the bus again?

[all] No!

It is true that 115 of us

have been indicted
by the grand jury.

Yet, our actions as of this day

have not as yet
been found to be illegal.

The carpool and all we have done
in this struggle continue.

[King] I say to you,
my friends, rise up

and know that if you
struggle for justice,

you do not struggle alone
for God struggles with you.

Freedom is never given
to anybody,

for the oppressor
has you in domination

because he plans
to keep you there,

and he never
voluntarily gives it up.

And that is where
the strong resistance comes.

We've got to keep on keeping on
in order to gain freedom.

It is not done voluntarily,

but it is done
through the pressure

that comes about
from people who are oppressed.

Privileged classes
never give up their privileges

without strong resistance.

They wanna throw white children
and colored children

into the melting pot
of integration

from out of which
will come a conglomerated,

mulatto,
mongrel class of people.

Both races will be destroyed
in such a movement.

I, for one, under God, will die
before I yield one inch

to that kind of a movement.

[explosion]

[wind whistling]

[King] I want young men
and young women

who are not alive today
but who will come
into this world

with new privileges
and new opportunities--

I want them to know and see
that these new privileges
and opportunities

did not come
without somebody suffering
and sacrificing for them.

The executive board
of the Montgomery
Improvement Association...

recommends that
the 11 -month-old protest

against the city buses

will be called off,

and that the Negro citizens
of Montgomery, Alabama,

will return to the buses
on a nonsegregated basis.

[applause]

[cheering]

It is further recommended

that this return to the buses

will not take place

until the mandate from
the United States Supreme Court

is turned over
to the federal district court.

We have the assurance
from authentic sources

that this mandate
will come from Montgomery
in a matter of just a few days.

For those three or four days,

we will continue
to walk and share rides.

[cheering]

I hereby defy ruling handed down
by the United States
Supreme Court

ordering desegregation
of public carriers.

Alabama state law requiring
segregation of races on buses
still stands.

As long as I am president

of the Alabama
Public Service Commission,

I'm going to see
that our segregation laws
are upheld.

I have this day issued orders
to the chief of police
and the police department

to continue to make arrests
in all violations

with reference
to the segregation laws.

And as long
as I am police commissioner
of the city of Montgomery,

I intend to follow this course.

This morning
the long-awaited mandate

from the United States
Supreme Court
concerning bus segregation

came to Montgomery.

This mandate expresses,
in terms that are crystal clear,

that segregation
in public transportation

is both legally
and sociologically invalid.

In the light of this mandate

and the unanimous vote

rendered by the Montgomery
Improvement Association
about a month ago,

the year-old protest
against city buses
is officially called off,

and the Negro citizens
of Montgomery

are urged to return
to the buses tomorrow morning

on a nonsegregated basis.
[cheering]

So don't go out thinking
that all of the forces
in the leadership of the South

will eventually work out
this thing for Negroes.

"It's gonna work out.
It's gonna roll in on
the wheels of inevitability."

If we wait for it
to work itself out,

it will never be worked out.

Freedom only comes
through persistent revolt,

through persistent agitation,

through persistently rising up
against the system of evil.

Buses are integrated
in Montgomery,

but that is just the beginning.

Don't sit down and do nothing,

because if you stop now,

we will be in the dungeons
of segregation
and discrimination

for another hundred years,

and our children
and our children's children

will suffer all of the bondage
that we have lived under
for years.

Thus out of small beginnings,

greater things have been
produced by his hand
that made all things of nothing

and gives being
to all things of nothing

and gives being
to all these that are.

And as one small candle
may light a thousand,

so the light here kindled
have shown under many,

yea, in some sort
to our whole nation.

[King] It will be a long time
before we forget
the freedom rides.

We just decided
to take a ride for freedom.

And as a result of this,
we were able to end segregation

in interstate travel.

What these people have done
is not just traveling
through Alabama

in interstate commerce
or interstate travel.

They are buying tickets
from town to town

and getting off in each town

and seeking,
through mixed groups,

Negro men and white women,

to force themselves
into situations

which tend to inflame
the local people
and incense them

by going into waiting rooms,

restaurants, cafés,
lunch counters,

which are traditionally
and, in many cases,
required by city ordinance

to be segregated.

Now, the best thing
for King to do
is to get out of Alabama

as quickly as he can,

because he's a menace
to the peace of this city.

We will not specify
the exact time

that the ride will resume,

but it will continue.

[man]
♪ Now, I'm tired
Of segregation ♪

♪ And I want my equal rights ♪

♪ Oh, well
Respect the education ♪

♪ Oh, well
I took to integration ♪

♪ That's why I'm fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ I'm fighting for my rights ♪

♪ Yes, I'm fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ In my cell I had no windows ♪

♪ So the air
It couldn't come through ♪

♪ And I felt so hot and stuffy ♪

♪ That I didn't know
What to do ♪

♪ Still I was fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ Oh, I was fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ I was fighting for my rights ♪

♪ That's why I'm fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ Oh, I'm fighting
For my rights ♪

♪ Yes, I'm fighting
For my rights ♪

[explosion]

[man] Back it up!
Back the fuck up!

It is a sin and a shame
before God--
[congregation] Amen.

On a day like this

that these people who govern us

would let things come
to such a sad state.

But God is not dead.

The most guilty man
in this state tonight
is Governor John Patterson.

In this situation, I want
to make this announcement

that the city is now
under martial law.

[applause]
[continues, indistinct]

Now, we've had
an ugly mob outside.

They have injured some
of the federal marshals.
[murmuring]

They've burned some automobiles.

But we-- we are not--

We are not giving in
for what we are standing for.

And maybe it takes
something like this

for the federal government
to see

that Alabama is not going
to place any limit upon itself.

It must be imposed from without.

[sirens blaring]

[group singing]

I looked and I saw
that man they called the law.

He was coming down
the street at me.

I had visions in my head
of being laid out cold and dead,

or else murdered
by the third degree.

I said, "Lord, if you can,

save me from that man.

Don't let him make
a pulp out of me."

But the Lord, he was not quick.

The law raised up his stick

and beat the living hell
out of me.

Now, I do not understand

why God don't protect a man
from police brutality.

Being poor and black,

I have no weapon to strike back.

So who but the Lord
can protect me?

We'll see.

You know, when I say,
"Don't be afraid,"
you know what I really mean:

"Don't even be afraid to die."

[man] Lord!
[man 2] Oh, yeah!

And I submit to you tonight...

no man is free
if he fears death.

[man] Oh, yeah!

But the minute you conquer
the fear of death,

at that moment, you are free.

You must say, somehow,

"I don't have much money.

I don't have much education.

I may not be able
to read and write,

but I have
the capacity to die."

[man]
♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ No, turn me round ♪

♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ We gonna keep on a-walkin' ♪

[King]
It is an unhappy truth

that racism is a way of life

for the vast majority
of white Americans.

And I can see
nothing more urgent

than for America to work
passionately and unrelentingly

to get rid
of the disease of racism.

If I would seek
to give you a blueprint

for our freedom
in Birmingham tonight,

I would say first
that at this moment,

we must decide that we will
no longer spend our money

in businesses that discriminate
against Negroes.

[woman]
♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ I'm walkin'
Down that freedom ♪

♪ Talkin' down that freedom ♪

♪ Walkin' down
That freedom road ♪

♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Step on me ♪

♪ Step on me ♪

We don't wanna have
to get none of y'all.
Y'all been pretty good so far.

Y'all get back,
every one of y'all.

Just stand by your wagon now.

Just stand there
until they get through.

Got nothing over there
he can do.
[chuckles]

Get the wagon.
That's what I want.
Get it now.

Got a chance over there.
Give him a chance.

I want 'em all
to have the same chance.

You get back
up against the wall.

Right back up against the wall.

Stand right there
with the wall. That's right.
You come with us.

You turn him loose.
They're gonna take care of you.

Either way you like.

Move back here.

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ We shall overcome someday ♪
Bull, can we
talk to you?

Somebody had
something to ask me,
and was gonna answer it now,

but I couldn't do it then.

Hey! Hey! Hey!

Hey!

[laughing]

Bring that blind
nigger over here.
Let's go.

Let's move back here.

I'm a man.

I was tryin' to be nice to you.
You come down here
and get in trouble.

I'm tryin' to be nice to you.

[continues, indistinct]

I will not rest

until we are able to make
this kind of witness
in this city

so that the power
structure downtown

will have to say,
"We can't stop this movement,

and the only way to deal with it

is to give these people
what we owe them

and what their God-given rights

and their constitutional
rights demand."

[man] ♪ Till that train ♪

♪ Jordan train a-comin' ♪

♪ Coming ♪

♪ Till that train ♪

♪ Jordan train a-comin' ♪

♪ Coming, coming ♪

♪ Till that train ♪

♪ Coming, coming ♪

♪ Jordan train a-comin' ♪

♪ Coming, coming ♪

♪ Let's get on board ♪

♪ Get on board ♪

Okay, we'll all live together!

Right here.

♪ There'll be nothing
But freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ In that day ♪

♪ There'll be nothin'
But freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

Move that line there.

♪ In that day ♪

♪ There's nothing but freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Let's get on board ♪

[song fades]

[bells tolling]

[King] My dear fellow clergyman,

while confined here
in the Birmingham City Jail,

I came across
your recent statement

calling my present activities
unwise and untimely.

Since I feel that you are men
of genuine goodwill

and that your criticisms
are sincerely set forth,

I want to try
to answer your statement

in what I hope will be patient
and reasonable terms.

You deplore the demonstrations
taking place in Birmingham,

but your statement,
I'm sorry to say,

fails to express
a similar concern

for the conditions
that brought about
the demonstrations.

Birmingham is probably the most
thoroughly segregated city

in the United States.

Its ugly record of brutality
is widely known.

There have been
more unsolved bombings

of Negro homes and churches
in Birmingham

than in any other city
in the nation.

These are the hard,
brutal facts of the case.

You may well ask,

"Why direct action?

Why sit-ins,
marches and so forth?

Isn't negotiation
a better path?"

Nonviolent, direct action

seeks to create such a crisis

and foster such a tension

that a community which has
constantly refused to negotiate

is forced to confront the issue.

You speak of our activity
in Birmingham as extreme.

Was not Jesus
an extremist for love?

"Love your enemies.
Bless them that curse you.

Do good to them that hate you

and pray for them
which despitefully use you
and persecute you."

Will we be extremists
for the preservation
of injustice

or for the extension of justice?

When you have seen vicious mobs

lynch your mothers
and fathers at will

and drown your sisters
and brothers at whim...

When you have seen
hate-filled policemen

curse, kick, and even kill
your black brothers
and sisters...

When you see the vast majority
of your 20 million
Negro brothers

smothering in an airtight cage
of poverty

in the midst
of an affluent society...

When you suddenly find
your tongue twisted

and your speech stammering,

as you seek to explain
to your six-year-old daughter

why she can't go
to the public amusement park

and see her developing
an unconscious bitterness
toward white people...

When you have
to concoct an answer
for a five-year-old son

who is asking,
"Daddy, why do white people
treat colored people so mean?"

When you are humiliated
day in and day out

by nagging signs
reading "white" and "colored"...

When your first name
becomes "Nigger,"

your middle name becomes "boy,"
however old you are,

and your last name
becomes "John,"

and your wife and mother
are never given
the respected title "Mrs."

When you are harried by day
and haunted by night

by the fact
that you are a Negro,

living constantly
at tiptoe stance,

never quite knowing
what to expect next

and are plagued with inner fears
and outer resentments...

When you are forever fighting

a degrading
and degenerating sense
of nobodiness,

then you will understand

why we find it difficult
to wait.

You assert that our actions,
even though peaceful,

must be condemned

because they
precipitate violence.

Isn't this like condemning Jesus

because his unique
God-consciousness

and never-ceasing devotion
to God's will

precipitated the evil act
of crucifixion?

I have no despair
about the future.

I have no fear about the outcome
of our struggle in Birmingham,

even if our motives
are at present misunderstood.

We will reach the goal
of freedom in Birmingham
and all over the nation,

because the goal
of America is freedom.

We will win our freedom,

because the sacred heritage
of our nation

and the eternal will
of the Almighty God

are embodied
in our echoing demands.

[woman]
♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ And I'm walkin'
Down that freedom ♪

♪ Talkin' down that freedom ♪

♪ Walkin' down
That freedom road ♪

♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

♪ Step on me, yeah ♪

♪ Step on me, no ♪

♪ They can't step on me ♪

We have asked for four things,

and we are still holding out
for all four:

the desegregation
of all facilities

in the stores.

This includes
restroom facilities,

the lunch counters
and fitting rooms.

Number two:

upgrading in employment

in the stores

so that you have Negro clerks
and Negro salesmen and women.

Number three:

the dropping
of all of the charges

against the persons
who have been unjustly arrested

for engaging in these peaceful
nonviolent demonstrations

on the basis
of the first and 14th Amendments
of the Constitution.

Number five:
Four.

I mean, number four:

the appointment
of a biracial committee

to deal with the other problems
of segregation that still exist

and the setting of a timetable

to solve the problems

such as school desegregation,

the reopening of the parks
on an integrated basis

in compliance
with the federal court order,

and a fair hiring policy
in municipal agencies.

And this would also
include Negro policemen.

You can never whip these birds

if you don't keep
you and them separate.

You've got to keep the white
and the black separate.

Let the law enforcement
agencies--

That's what you've
got them hired for--

And the governor
of the state of Alabama
handle this thing.

Now, George asked me
to ask you to do that.
Do him one favor.

Tell your friends
when you leave here
between now and Tuesday.

Don't go up there.
Leave it alone.

They gonna handle
this situation.

Just leave it alone.

You know, those Kennedys
up there in Washington,

that little old Bobby socks
and his brother, the president,

[laughter]
they'd give anything
in the world

if we had some trouble here.

If we don't have any trouble,
we can beat 'em
at their own game.

[chanting]
Freedom! Freedom!

Freedom! Freedom!
Freedom! Freedom!

[man] Oh!
Freedom! Freedom!

Freedom! Freedom!
Freedom! Freedom!

All right!

[singing, indistinct]

Okay, hold it down, please.

All of you hear me?

You are in violation
of section 1159
of the city code:

demonstrating and parading
without a permit.

Also violating
the traffic judge injunction
against paradin'.

[singing continues]

[singing continues]

The activities which have
taken place in Birmingham

over the last few days,

to my mind,

mark the nonviolent movement
coming of age.

This is the first time

in the history of our struggle

that we have been able,
literally, to fill the jails.

And in a real sense, this is
a fulfillment of a dream,

for I've always felt

that if we could fill the jails
in our witness for freedom,

it would be
a magnificent expression of
the determination of the Negro

and a marvelous way
to lay the whole issue

before the conscience
of the local
and national community.

And I think in a real sense,

this Birmingham movement
is one of the most
inspiring developments

in the whole
nonviolent struggle.

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

Take 'em over
to the jail for you.
Don't worry.

[man speaking, indistinct]

I know. He wasn't
out here yesterday.

Clear on back now!

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

[siren blaring]

♪ Over my head ♪

I see freedom in the air!

♪ I see freedom in the air ♪

♪ Over my head ♪

♪ I see freedom in the air ♪

♪ Over my head ♪

♪ I see freedom in the air ♪

♪ Over my head ♪

♪ I see freedom in the air ♪

[siren blaring]

[dogs barking]

[no audible dialogue]

[woman screams]

[screaming continues]

[yelling, screaming]

[screaming continues]

[King] We must say
to our white brothers
all over the South

who will try to keep us down,

"We will match your capacity
to inflict suffering

with our capacity
to endure suffering.

We will meet your physical force
with soul force.

We will not hate you,

and yet we cannot
in our good conscience
obey your evil laws.

Do to us what you will.

Threaten our children,
and we will still love you.

Come into our homes
at the midnight hours of life

and take us out
on some desolate highway
and beat us and leave us there,

and we will still love you.

Run all around the continent
and send your literature

and say that we aren't
worthy of integration,

that we are too immoral,
that we are too low,
that we are too degraded,

and yet we will still love you.

Bomb our homes

and go by our churches
early in the morning
and bomb them, if you please,

and we will still love you.

But we will wear you down
by our capacity to suffer.

In winning the victory,

we will not only win
our freedom,

we will so appeal to your heart
and your conscience

that we will win you
in the process."

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom, freedom ♪

♪ Everybody go
Freedom ♪

♪ Freedom ♪

We are very near a settlement,

and that includes
all of the points.

We hope that in 24 hours,
I think we can say definitely.

The agreement calls
for the desegregation
of lunch counters,

restrooms, fitting rooms,

and drinking fountains
in planned stages

within the next 90 days.

Nothing has so stirred
the conscience of this nation

as this Birmingham movement.

[man] All right!

I can think of nothing--

And I say that
as one who has been
in several struggles for freedom

over the last few years.

But I have never
seen people as aroused

over any development
that we've had.

And this is a great victory
for justice in Birmingham.

We're moving on to freedom land.

♪ In the air ♪

[explosion]

[woman vocalizing]

[vocalizing continues]

[crying]

[vocalizing continues]

"Ye have heard
that it hath been said...

'Thou shall love thy neighbor

and hate thine enemy.'

But I say unto you,
love your enemies.

Bless them that curse you.

Pray for them...

that despitefully use you

and persecute you.

That ye may be...

the children of your Father...

which is in heaven."

And probably
no admonition of Jesus

has been
more difficult to follow

than the command

to love your enemies.

♪ In Gilead ♪

♪ To make ♪

♪ The wounded whole ♪

♪ There is a balm ♪

♪ In Gilead ♪

♪ To heal ♪

♪ A sin-sick soul ♪

[bell tolling]

[woman] Four little girls
who went to Sunday school
that day

and never came back home at all,

but left instead
their blood upon the wall

with spattered flesh

and bloodied Sunday dress
torn to shreds by dynamite

that China made eons ago.

Four tiny girls who left
their blood upon that wall

in little graves today
await the dynamite

that might ignite
the fuse of centuries,

whose tomorrow sings a hymn
the missionaries never taught

in Christian Sunday school

to implement the golden rule.

Four little girls
might be awakened someday soon

by songs upon the breeze,
[bell tolling]

as yet unfelt
among magnolia trees.

When it is finally ours,

this freedom,

this liberty,

this beautiful
and terrible thing,

needful to man as air,

usable as the earth.

When it belong at last
to our children...

when it is truly instinct,

brain matter,

reflex action.

When it is finally won,

when it is more than
the gaudy mumbo jumbo
of politicians...

this man,

this Negro,

visioning a world
where none is lonely,

none hunted,

alien.

This man,

superb in love and logic,

shall be remembered,

oh, not with statues' rhetoric,

not with legends and poems
and wreaths of bronze alone...

but with the lives
grown out of his life,

lives fleshing the dream

of this needful,
beautiful thing.

[man] Buttons here!
Get 'em while they last!

I got buttons here!
Buttons here!
Get 'em while they last!

[chattering]

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

♪ Oh ♪

♪ Deep in my heart ♪

♪ I do believe ♪

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

[woman]
We're not afraid.

♪ We are not afraid ♪

♪ Today ♪

♪ Oh ♪

♪ Deep in my heart ♪

♪ I do believe ♪

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

[woman] We shall overcome.

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

♪ Oh, deep in my heart ♪

♪ I do believe ♪

♪ That we shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

[cheering]

[woman]
♪ How we got over ♪

♪ How did we even
Make it over? ♪

♪ You know, our soul
Look back and wonder ♪

♪ How we made it over ♪

♪ Tell me how we got over
Lord, Lord, Lord ♪

♪ We had a mighty hard time ♪

♪ Coming on over ♪

♪ You know, my soul
Look back and wonder ♪

♪ How did I make it over? ♪

♪ Well ♪

♪ Soon as I can see Jesus ♪

♪ The man that died for me ♪

♪ The man
That bled and suffered ♪

♪ You know he hung on Calvary ♪

♪ And I'm gonna thank him ♪

♪ For how he brought me ♪

♪ And I'm gonna thank God ♪

♪ For how he taught me ♪

♪ Oh, thank God
How he kept me ♪

♪ Oh, I'm gonna thank him
'Cause he never left me ♪

♪ Yes, I'm gonna thank him
For old-time religion ♪

♪ Yes, I'm gonna thank God
For giving me a vision ♪

♪ Yeah, I'm gonna join
The heavenly choir ♪

♪ Yeah, I'm going to shout
And never get tired ♪

♪ You know I'm gonna shout
Somewhere round the altar ♪

♪ And I'm gonna sing
"Glory hallelujah" ♪

♪ You know I'm gonna thank him ♪

♪ Thank him for being ♪

♪ Oh ♪

♪ God being so ♪

♪ Good to me, yeah ♪

[applause, cheering]

We demand
that segregation be ended

in every school district
in the year 1963.

[cheering]

We demand

that we have effective
civil rights legislation,

no compromise,

no filibuster,

and that it include
public accommodations,

decent housing,
integrated education,

FEPC, and the right to vote.

What do you say?

[cheering]

We demand the withholding
of federal funds

from all programs
in which discrimination exists.

What do you say?
[cheering]

At this time, I have the honor
to present to you

the moral leader of our nation.

[cheering]

A great, dedicated man.

A philosopher
of a nonviolent system
of behavior

in seeking
to bring about social change

for the advancement
of justice and freedom

and human dignity.

I have the pleasure
to present to you

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

[cheering]

I am happy to join
with you today...

in what will go down
in history...

as the greatest demonstration
for freedom

in the history of our nation.

[cheering]

Five score years ago...

a great American,
in whose symbolic shadow
we stand today...

signed
the Emancipation Proclamation.

This momentous decree came

as a great beacon light of hope
to millions of Negro slaves

who had been seared
in the flames
of withering injustice.

It came as a joyous daybreak...

to end the long night
of their captivity.

But 100 years later...

the Negro still is not free.

[woman] My Lord!
[man] Yeah!

One hundred years later...

the life of the Negro
is still sadly crippled

by the manacles of segregation

and the chains
of discrimination.

One hundred years later,

the Negro lives
on a lonely island
of poverty

in the midst of a vast ocean
of material prosperity.

One hundred years later--
[cheering]

The Negro is still languished
in the corners
of American society

and finds himself in exile
in his own land.

We have also come
to this hallowed spot...

to remind America
of the fierce urgency of now.

Now is the time

to rise from the dark
and desolate valley
of segregation

to the sunlit path
of racial justice.

Now is the time...

to lift our nation
from the quicksands
of racial injustice

to the solid rock
of brotherhood.

Now is the time...

[cheering]

To make justice a reality
for all of God's children.

There will be neither rest
nor tranquility in America

until the Negro is granted
his citizenship rights.

[cheering]

We must forever
conduct our struggle

on the high plane
of dignity and discipline.

We must not allow
our creative protest

to degenerate
into physical violence.

Again and again,

we must rise
to the majestic heights

of meeting physical force
with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy

which has engulfed
the Negro community

must not lead us to a distrust
of all white people,

for many of our white brothers,
as evidenced by their presence
here today,

have come to realize
that their destiny
is tied up with our destiny.

So even though
we face the difficulties
of today and tomorrow...

I still have a dream.

[woman] Yes!

It is a dream deeply rooted
in the American dream.

I have a dream

that one day

this nation will rise up

and live out
the true meaning of its creed:

"We hold these truths
to be self-evident

that all men are created equal."
- [woman] Yeah!

[cheering]

I have a dream...

that one day
on the red hills of Georgia,

the sons of former slaves
and the sons
of former slave owners

will be able
to sit down together
at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day...

even the state of Mississippi,

a state sweltering
with the heat of injustice,

sweltering
with the heat of oppression,

will be transformed
into an oasis
of freedom and justice.

I have a dream...

that my four little children...

will one day live in a nation

where they will not be judged
by the color of their skin

but by the content
of their character.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day,

down in Alabama,

with its vicious racists,

with its governor
having his lips dripping

with the words of interposition
and nullification,

one day right there in Alabama,

little black boys
and black girls

will be able to join hands
with little white boys
and white girls

as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

[cheering]

I have a dream that one day
every valley shall be exalted

and every hill and mountain
shall be made low,

the rough places
will be made plain,

and the crooked places
will be made straight,

and the glory of the Lord
shall be revealed

and all flesh
shall see it together.

This is our hope.

This is the faith
that I go back
to the South with.

With this faith,

we will be able to hew out
of the mountain of despair
a stone of hope.

With this faith,

we will be able to transform
the jangling discords
of our nation

into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood.

With this faith,

we will be able
to work together,
to pray together,

to struggle together,
to go to jail together,

to stand up
for freedom together,

knowing that we will
be free one day.

I say to you today, my friends,
let freedom ring

from the prodigious
hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring

from the mighty mountains
of New York.

Let freedom ring
from the heightening Alleghenies
of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring
from the snow-capped Rockies
of Colorado.

Let freedom ring
from the curvaceous slopes
of California.

But not only that,

let freedom ring
from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from
Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring
from every hill and molehill
of Mississippi,

from every mountainside.

Let freedom ring,
and when this happens--

When we allow freedom ring,

when we let it ring
from every village
and every hamlet,

from every state and every city,

we will be able
to speed up that day

when all of God's children--
black men and white men,

Jews and Gentiles,

Protestants and Catholics--

Will be able to join hands

and sing in the words
of the old Negro spiritual:

"Free at last! Free at last!

Thank God Almighty,
we are free at last!"

[cheering]

♪ For he's a jolly good fellow ♪

♪ That nobody can deny ♪

♪ For he's a jolly good fellow ♪

♪ That nobody can deny ♪

♪ ML, we love you ♪

♪ We love you
And we hope we never part ♪

♪ ML, we love you ♪

♪ We love you, MLK ♪

♪ ML, we love you ♪

♪ We love you
And we hope we never part ♪

♪ ML, we love you ♪

♪ We love you, MLK ♪

[speaking foreign language]

I call upon you.

[applause]

[speaking, indistinct]

[applause continues]

I have the great honor.

[speaking foreign language]

To hand over to you

the insignia
of the Nobel Peace Prize,

the diploma, and a gold medal.

Thank you very much.
[applause]

We're saying, "We want
what you said belongs to us.

You have a Constitution.

I'm a black man,

and you make me sit down
in a black school

and take a test on
the United States Constitution,

a Constitution
that hasn't worked
for anyone but you,

and you expect me to learn it
from front to back.

So I learned it.

You made me stand up as a kid
and sing 'God bless America'

and 'America the Beautiful'

and all those other songs
the white kids were singing.

I Pledge Allegiance
to the Flag..."

[man]
It's amazing how we go
to church every Sunday

and cry over
the crucifixion of Christ.

But we don't cry over the things
that are going on around
and among us.

If he were here now
and saw these things,

he would cry,

and he would take
those nails again.

It so happened
in his day and time

the big problem was religion.

Today...

it is the survival of us all.

What do you think
would happen to Christ tonight

if he arrived here
in Selma, Alabama,

a black man,
and wanted to register
to vote on Monday?

[man] Move back.
Come on. Move back.

I'm gonna
give you one minute
to get off these steps.

You're blocking the steps.

You still got it blocked
where I can't see.

Now, get off the steps.

You have 30 seconds
to get off the steps.

You have ten seconds
to get off the steps
or we're gonna remove you.

Time's up. Now, move.
Move. Move. Move.

Get off the sidewalk.
Get off the sidewalk.

Clear the sidewalk.

Move back.
Clear the sidewalk.

You're under arrest.

Get back or you're
gonna be under arrest.

Move. Move. Move.

Get off the sidewalk.

Move.

As you know, we are
assembled here today to...

reaffirm our determination...

to gain the right to vote

in Selma and Dallas County
and all over
the state of Alabama.

We're getting ready
to move to the courthouse.

And we're all
going together today.

We're going to walk together.

We're going to walk together

because we are not parading.

We will obey every traffic law.

Every traffic signal
we will stop for.

We will not stand in the way
of egress and ingress.

We will not do anything
to block the orderly process

of movement in the community.

But we feel that we need
to join together

and move on to the courthouse.

[chattering]

Go right on down the line,
tellin' them they
all under arrest.

O God, our Father,
we thank thee
for this marvelous witness,

and we do pray that thou
will give us strength

to do that which is right
and that which is pleasing
in thy sight.

Each and everyone in this line

is under arrest
for parading
without a permit.

You are breaking the injunction

by not allowing these people
to come inside this courthouse
and wait.

That's up to the court, sir.
This courthouse does not
belong to Sheriff Clark.

This courthouse belongs to
the people of Dallas County,

and these are the people
of Dallas County,

and they have come to register.

And you know this
within your own heart,
Sheriff Clark.

You are not as evil a man
as you act. You know
in your heart what is right.

You just refuse to do it
because you want
these people behind you.

And as sheriff of this county,
if you're deeply concerned,

you will go call the registrar
rather than keep people
from standing inside.

What you're really
trying to do
is intimidate these people,

and by making them stand
in the rain, keep them
from registering to vote.

And this is
a kind of violation
of the Constitution,

a violation of the court order,

the violation
of decent citizenship.

You can turn your back on me,
but you cannot turn your back
upon the idea of justice.

You can turn your back now,
and you can keep
the club in your hand,

but you cannot
beat down justice.

And we will register to vote,
because as citizens
of these United States,

we have the right to do it.

I'm looking down the line,

seeing all the people
who've been in jail
for felonies.

Precisely right,
and if they're not fit
to vote,

you'll be able to find that out.

But you'll not know it
until they're on
the registrar,

and many of those
have the felony action

because Sheriff Clark
made them a felony action,

not because
they were rightfully issued.

[woman screams]

[chattering]

[man] if you want to
arrest us, arrest us,
but you don't have to beat us.

No, you don't have to beat us.

[man 2] Get out of here.
You don't have to beat us.
Arrest us.

Get up now. Get up.
Arrest us if we're wrong.
Don't beat us.

Get out.
If we're wrong,
arrest us,

but don't beat us.

Stand up.
[man 3]
Get up, get up.

[Clark] Now clear outta here.
If we're wrong,
arrest us.

[shouting]

If we're wrong, arrest us.
Arrest us if we're wrong.

Move!
Don't push us away.
Arrest us if we're wrong.

[officers chattering]

Hey, keep moving.
Go on.

[Vivian] People have
the privilege to vote.
- Go on.

You beat me in the side
and then hide your blows.

- Well, go on.
No, I don't need
to leave.

We have come
to register to vote.

You beat us
but refuse to register us.

What kind of people are you?
- Get back across the street.

If we're wrong,
we're wrong,
but don't beat us.

Walk on.
Get outta here.

[man 4]
Look, he's laughing.

[deputy]
Stay out in front
of the camera. Go on.

[Vivian] It's not a matter
of being in front of the camera.

It's a matter of facing
your sheriff
and facing your judge.

We have the right
to be in this courtroom.

Come on. Let's go.
- We have a right
to be in this courtroom.

Courtroom belongs
to all us citizens
of this county.

We have a right to be here.

[man humming
"We Shall Overcome"]

[humming continues]

This march intends
to keep off the highway.

We will be marching
on the shoulder of the road

and will not in any way
be interfering with
the pursuit of traffic.

And we urge you to be careful
to make sure that you don't
get on the highway in any way.

[marchers singing]

[whistle blowing]

It'll be detrimental
to your safety
to continue this march,

and I'm saying that this
is an unlawful assembly.

You have to disperse.
You are ordered to disperse.

Go home or go to your church.

This march will not continue.
[whistle blowing]

Troopers here,
advance toward the group.

See that they disperse.

[shouting, screaming]

[loud bang]
[whistle blowing]

[whooping]

[shouting]

[male marcher]
You call yourselves men.

You're not men.
This is typical
of Southern justice.

You're nothing
but a bunch of bullies.

[sirens wailing]

[man shouting]

[shouting]

[woman]
Where's a patrolman?
Where's a patrolman?

Can we have somebody
take her down to a doctor?

[woman]
♪ Ain't gonna let nobody
Turn me round ♪

- [loud bang]
- [whistle blowing]

We have the right
to walk the highway.

We have the right
to walk to Montgomery
if our feet can get us there.

We must let the nation know,
and we must let the world know

that it is necessary
to protest this threefold evil:

the problem of the denial
of the right to vote
to police brutality,

that we continue to face and
faced in its most vicious form
last Sunday.

And then the attempt to block
First Amendment privileges.

[man]
♪ Ain't gonna let nobody ♪

[marchers]
♪ Turn me round
Gonna keep on a-walkin' ♪

♪ Gonna keep on a-talkin' ♪

♪ Marchin' up to freedom land ♪

[man]
♪ Ain't gonna let no dogs
Oh, Lord ♪

[marchers]
♪ Turn me round, oh, Lord
Turn me round, oh, Lord ♪

♪ Turn me round ♪

♪ Ain't gonna turn me round ♪

♪ Gonna keep on a-walkin'
Gonna keep on a-talkin' ♪

♪ Marchin' up to-- ♪

Words of prayer
from Dr. Ralph Abernathy.

[Abernathy]
Let us bow in prayer...

and pray
that black and white people

will live together
right here in Alabama

and in the Black Belt
of brothers.
Yes, sir.

And the lions will lie down
with the lambs,

the calf and the tiger together.

Until that day comes,
keep us restless
and dissatisfied.

[men]
Yes, sir!

Keep us working and walking

and fighting for freedom.

This prayer we ask
in Jesus' name

and for his sake.

Amen.

You know, things happened
here today,

and I want to reiterate what...

Reverend Reese has just said
concerning the...

three Unitarian ministers

who were beaten
about an hour or so ago.

I understand one was, uh,
so brutally beaten

that he had to be rushed to
the hospital in Birmingham...

with a possible
brain concussion.

[congregants murmuring]

I wish for a moment
that we would bow in a word
of silent prayer...

for these brothers who came here
to be with us today

and who marched with us
across the Alabama River.

Who marched to witness
for our freedom

and to witness

for their own
personal dedication
to the cause of justice.

We pause in prayer
and ask for God's guidance

and ask that he will cast
his long arm of protection

around these, our brothers.

I'm calling into federal service

selected units
of the Alabama National Guard.

[Johnson]
And also will have available

police units
from the regular army

to help meet
state responsibilities.

These forces should be adequate

to assure the rights
of American citizens

pursuant to
a federal court order

to walk peaceably and safely,

without injury or loss of life,

from Selma
to Montgomery, Alabama.

[man]
♪ Pick 'em up and lay 'em down ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Pick 'em up and lay 'em down ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Pick 'em up and lay 'em down ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ All the way from Selma town ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Oh, the mud sure was deep ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Oh, the hill sure was steep ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Lord, I didn't get
Much sleep ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ That's why we're movin'
In a creep ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ We made some level ground ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Now we're movin' on down ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Did the rain come down? ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Lord, I thought
I woulda drowned ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ But I thought of Sheriff Jim ♪

♪ Right, right ♪

♪ Lord, I thought of
Sheriff Jim ♪

- [man] Walk that road.
- [man 2] All right,
come on. Put it down.

- It's a rebel flag.
- You wanna see, niggers?

[man]
Sheriff Clark,

are you heaving
a sigh of relief today

that all of this
is moving out of
your county?

I hope it's over,
but I doubt it.

I think when Martin Luther King
has used us as much as he
wants to, then he'll move out.

What about the people
who are left behind?

Are they gonna
settle down again?

I'm sure that
the local people will.

Do you think
it's all been due
to outsiders?

I think it's definitely
been due to outsiders.

I noticed yesterday
in the, uh, in the march,

a group of my friends and I
stood there,

and we were able to count
five local nig-- uh, Negroes
in the whole, uh, march.

Do you think there are
many communists
in this procession?

I think it's possibly made up
of three--

One-fourth communist
and one-half pro-communist.

I'm from Kansas City, Missouri,

and I've answered a call
for the interracial council
there in Kansas City

to join the march here.

These ideals that
have been expressed here
by all the people

have been mine for a long time.

I've got an opportunity
to do something about it now.

[people singing,
lyrics indistinct]

How do you feel about
the protection being given you
on this march?

I think this is
a real demonstration

of the commitment
of the federal government

uh, to protect
the constitutional rights
of Negro citizens.

Uh, the protection
has been very thorough,
as you can see,

and, uh, the men are working

uh, under the guidance
and, certainly,

uh, under the power
and influence of
the federal government

to see that things
are carried out

uh, in an orderly manner.

So I think that everybody
has to recognize

that this symbolizes,
uh, a new commitment

and a new determination
on the part of
the federal government

to take the kind of
vigorous line

that will assure the rights
of the Negro citizens
of this nation.

[helicopter whirring]

[people clapping in rhythm]

[marchers]
♪ Which side are you on, boy?
Which side are you on? ♪

♪ Everybody ♪

♪ Which side are you on, boy?
Which side are you on? ♪

♪ All you freedom lovers ♪

♪ Now lift your voices
And sing ♪

♪ Yeah ♪

♪ You follow our leader man ♪

♪ Martin Luther King ♪

Dr. King, how are things
shaping up now for tomorrow?

Things are shaping up
beautifully.

We have people coming in
from all over the country.

I suspect that we will have

representatives from almost
every state in the union,

and, naturally,
a large number of people
from the state of Alabama.

And we hope to see
and we plan to see

the greatest witness
for freedom ever taken place--

That has ever taken place
on the steps of a capital
of any state in the South,

and this whole march
adds drama
to this total thrust.

[man humming
"We Shall Overcome"]

[people cheering, applauding]

I just want to say to you
how much we are indebted...

to my dear and abiding friend,
Harry Belafonte--

[applause, cheers]

And to all of
the other distinguished...

and famous artists
and entertainers

who have taken time
out of their very busy schedules

to be with us
here in Montgomery, Alabama,

as we march on
the state capital
tomorrow morning.

I know that our thanks

will go out to them
and will abide with them
for years and years to come.

[cheering, applause]

♪ Sad to say I'm on my way ♪

♪ Won't be back for many a day ♪

♪ My heart is down
My head is turning around ♪

♪ I had to leave a little girl
In Kingston town ♪

♪ If your time to you
ls worth savin' ♪

♪ Then you better start swimmin'
Or you'll sink like a stone ♪

♪ For the times ♪

♪ They are a-changin' ♪

It's gonna be the first
all-colored western.

Both sides gonna be colored.
We're taking no chances.

[crowd laughing]

Yes, sir, our show
is cowboys and West Indians.

[cheering]

♪ Everybody knows about
Mississippi goddam ♪

♪ Can't you see it? ♪

♪ Can't you feel it? ♪

♪ It's all in the air ♪

♪ I can't stand
The pressure much longer ♪

♪ Somebody say a prayer ♪

♪ Alabama's gotten me so upset ♪

♪ Selma made me lose my rest ♪

♪ And everybody knows about
Mississippi goddam ♪

[crowd applauding]

Western Union?
Yes.

This is
Governor Wallace.
Just a moment.

Governor Wallace?

That's right.

Can you spell "Governor"?

No.

[crowd laughing]

Yes. And to whom
is the telegram going?

It's going to
the president of
the United States,

Lyndon B. Johnson.

Lyndon B. Johnson?
That's right.

Is that Miss or Missus?

[laughing]

Mr. Lyndon B. Johnson.

That's right.
I have that.

Here's the message.
Yes?

Mr. President,
Mr. President,

I will do
anything I can
to keep law and order,

I will do anything I can
to keep law and order,

but I simply cannot afford
to call the National Guard.

Cannot afford to call
the National Guard.

Why not?
It only costs
a dime, you know.

[crowd laughing]

Well, you know,
I'm not made of money.

Yes, sir.
I didn't mean
to get personal.

It costs a lot of money
to keep all those people
in jail.

Costs a lot of money
to keep all those people
in jail.

Not to mention
the upkeep
on the billy clubs...

Billy clubs,

and the cattle prodders...

cattle prodders,

and the bullwhip.

Bullwhip.

Bullwhipped is right.

Is that two words
or one for "bullwhip"?

[crowd laughing]
That's one.

One word. Yes?

And the police themselves
cost a lot of money--
Police cost money.

Even though some of them
take very little and just do it
for the sheer love of the work.

[crowd laughing]
Sheer love of the work.

[cheering, applauding]

♪ And now I know
Just where I'm goin' ♪

♪ No more doubt or fear ♪

♪ I found my way ♪

♪ 'Cause love came
Just in time ♪

♪ I found you just in time ♪

♪ And then you changed
My lonely life ♪

♪ That lovely day ♪

♪ You changed my lonely life ♪

♪ That lovely day ♪

[helicopter whirring]

[marchers singing,
lyrics indistinct]

[singing continues]

[crowd roaring]

[King] Last Sunday,
more than 8,000 of us

started on a mighty walk
from Selma, Alabama.

They told us
we wouldn't get here.

There were those who said
that we would get here

only over their dead bodies.

Well--
Talk, talk.
Yes, sir.

But all the world today
knows that we are here,

and we are standing before
the forces of power
in the state of Alabama

saying, "We ain't gonna let
nobody turn us around."

- Yes, sir!
- [crowd roaring]

Today I want to tell
the city of Selma--

Tell them, Doctor.

Today I want to say
to the state of Alabama--

Yes, sir.

Today I want to say
to the people of America

and the nations of the world

that we are not about
to turn around.

Yes, sir.

We on the move now.

Yes, sir.

Yes, we on the move,

and no wave of racism
can stop us.

Yes, sir.

The burning of our churches

will not deter us.
- Yes, sir!

The bombing of our homes
will not dissuade us.

-Yes, sir!
The beating and killing of
our clergymen and young people

will not divert us.

Tell it, tell it.

The wanton release
of their known murderers

will not discourage us.

We on the move now.

Yes, sir!

Like an idea
whose time has come.

Yes, sir!
Yes, sir!

Not even the marching
of mighty armies can hold us.

- Yes, sir.
We are moving
to the land of freedom.

[men]
Yes, sir.

I know you're asking today,
"How long will it take?"

Preach, sir.

[King]
Somebody's asking,

"How long will prejudice
blind the visions of men?"

I come to say to you
this afternoon,

however difficult the moment--
- Yes, sir.

However frustrating the hour,

it will not be long.

- No, sir.
Because "truth crushed to earth
will rise again."

Yes, sir.

How long? Not long.
- Yes, sir.

Because "no lie
can live forever."
- Yes, sir.

How long? Not long.

How long?
- Preach, sir.

Because you shall reap
what you sow.

Yes, sir.
Preach, sir.

How long? Not long.

How long?

"Truth forever on the scaffold,

wrong forever on the throne,

Yet that scaffold
sways the future,

and behind the dim unknown

standeth God within the shadow,
keeping watch above his own."

How long? Not long.

- Preach, sir.
Because the arc
of the moral universe is long,

but it bends toward justice.

How long? Not long!
Not long.

'Cause "mine eyes have seen
the glory of the coming
of the Lord.

- Yes, sir.
He's trampling out the vintage

where the grapes of wrath
are stored."

Yes, sir.
Yeah!

"He has loosed
the fateful lightning

of his terrible swift sword.

His truth is marchin' on."
- Yes, sir.

"He has sounded forth
the trumpet that shall never
call retreat."

- Speak, sir.
"He is sifting out
the hearts of men

before his judgment seat."
- Yes.

"O, be swift, my soul,
to answer him.

Be jubilant, my feet.

Our God is marching on.

Glory, hallelujah.

His truth is marching on."

[crowd roaring]

[Johnson]
Today is a triumph for freedom

as huge as any victory

that's ever been won
on any battlefield.

This law covers many pages.

But the heart of the act
is plain.

Wherever, by clear
and objective standards,

states and counties
are using regulations,
or laws, or tests

to deny the right to vote,

then they will be struck down.

If it is clear
that state officials
still intend to discriminate,

then federal examiners
will be sent in

to register all eligible voters.

This good Congress,
the 89th Congress,

acted swiftly
in passing this act.

I intend to act
with equal dispatch

in enforcing this act.

[King]
I think the greatest victory
of this period

was not in terms of
an external factor

or an external development,
but it was something internal.

The real victory was

what this period did
to the psyche of the black man.

The greatness of this period

was that we armed ourselves
with dignity
and self-respect.

[man humming
"We Shall Overcome"]

[King]
The greatness of this period was

that we straightened
our backs up.

And a man can't ride your back
unless it's bent.

[humming continues]

The world has never had
a good definition
of the word "liberty,"

and the American people just now
are much in want of one.

We all declare for liberty,

but in using the same word,
we do not mean the same thing.

With some, the word liberty
may mean for each man to do
as he pleases with himself.

While with others, the same word

may mean for some men to do
as they please with other men.

Here are two not only different
but incompatible things

called by the same name:
liberty.

And it follows
that each of the things

is by the respective parties
called by two different
and incompatible names:

liberty and tyranny.

[train clattering]

[jazz playing]

[no audible dialogue]

[jazz continues]

[no audible dialogue]

[singers vocalizing]

[no audible dialogue]

[jazz, vocalizing continue]

[no audible dialogue]

After touring this city

in two whirlwind days
of activity,

I must report

that Chicago is far
from being the promised land.

[cheering, applause]

Say it.

That is no Jerusalem
on Lake Michigan.

[laughter, applause]

But I must also say

that confused, confounded,
and corrupt though she is,

Chicago is no Sodom doomed to
an imminent destruction.

[man]
- Preach it now.
No, Chicago is more like Athens,

a city of both tremendous shame
and shining glory.

Fix it now.
- And we are here to issue
the call to conscience

Yes.
- that Chicago
might forsake her shame

and rise to the challenge
of our age

and creatively pursue
the paths of glory.

[shouting]

[jazz playing]

[siren wailing]

[shouting]

[sirens wailing]

[shouting]

[children screaming]

[siren wailing]

[siren blaring]

[angry shouting]

[siren blaring]

[shouting]

[officer]
Get out of there!

[woman shouting, screaming]

[siren blaring]

[officer on radio, indistinct]
[gunshot]

[officer on radio]
Get in there in the back.

Come to the front,
and we'll meet.
[gunfire]

[police radio chatter]

[gunshot]

[police radio chatter continues]

[sirens wailing]

[fire engine bell clanging]

[siren wailing]

[chattering]

[boy talking, indistinct]

[flames crackling]

[siren wailing]
[man] Hey, mister.

Apparently the opening incident
that, uh,

caused the disorder was
an argument between the police
and the young citizenry

over the open fire hydrants.

They're persistently
opening the hydrants.

The... police had closed them,
and some arrests were effected.

Some rumors spread, and, uh,

from then on, why, we had, uh,

some sporadic attacks
on property, uh,
throughout the area.

[male reporter]
Will you consider this
a personal embarrassment

because you are considered
a moderate voice?

I told Mayor Daley the other day

that if you do not help me
win victories, and if you
don't make concessions,

you are opening the door
for the violent forces
to take over.

So it won't be
an embarrassment to me
other than my moral concern.

It would be a much greater
embarrassment to this nation.

[woman]
♪ We need freedom, my Lord ♪

♪ Come by here ♪

♪ We need freedom, Lord ♪

♪ Come by here ♪

♪ We need housing, Lord ♪

♪ Come by here ♪

♪ Oh, Lord ♪

♪ Come by here ♪

[shouting, indistinct]

"The Star-Spangled Banner."

Anyone here, can you
get off your knees

and sing the first stanza
from "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

[man] Ma'am, shut up!
[woman continues shouting]

[humming "Kumbaya"]

Do you wanna work
for three dollars an hour?

[man answers, indistinct]

I don't care if you're working
for a living or not.

You wanna clean
third floors like me?

You wanna climb second to third
to third to third?

Relax, relax,
relax, relax.
Huh?

Anybody wants a job, I got one.

Hey, where's that little man?
Come on!

Hey, come here, little man.
Lady.

Please get 'em outta here.

♪ Come by here ♪

♪ Oh, Lord, come by here ♪

All you people
that are [indistinct]

should turn around and go back.

You are violating--
[crowd shouting]

All right,
get out of the street here.

[continues, indistinct]

Yeah, well,
their goddamn neighborhood,
they made 'em slums.

They wanna make this slums?

We work too hard
in this neighborhood
to keep it clean

without making it slums.

Okay!

[all shouting]

[man] Back to the jungle,
you guys! Back to the jungle!

[indistinct]

[engine revving]

[woman]
Back to the [indistinct]
Back to the [indistinct]

[chattering]

[siren wailing]

[crowd] Go! Go!
Go! Go! Go! Go!

Go! Go! Go! Go!
Go! Go! Go! Go!

Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go!
Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go!

Go! Go! Go! Go!
Go! Go! Go! Go!

[Mahalia Jackson]
♪ Oh, Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Jericho, Jericho ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ The walls came tumbling down ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Jericho, Jericho ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ And the walls
Came tumbling down ♪

♪ They blow, yeah ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Jericho, Jericho ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ And the walls
Came tumbling down ♪

♪ You may talk about
The men of Gideon ♪

♪ Talk about the men of Saul ♪

♪ None of them
Was good as Joshua ♪

♪ At the battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Jericho, Jericho ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ And the walls
Came tumbling down ♪

♪ Whoo, up to
The walls of Jericho ♪

♪ Sword drawn in his hand ♪

♪ "Oh, blow them horns"
Cried Joshua ♪

♪ The battle is in your hands ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ Jericho, Jericho ♪

♪ Joshua fit
The battle of Jericho ♪

♪ And the walls
Came tumbling down ♪

[Mahalia Jackson]
♪ Walls ♪

♪ Came ♪

♪ Tumbling ♪

♪ Down ♪

[cheering]

[song ends]

[applause continues]

I think I can say,

concerning this great
gospel singer in our midst,

our dear friend,

my great friend,
Mahalia Jackson,

that a voice like this comes
only once in a millennium.

[audience applauding]

If there is any doubt
in anybody's mind

concerning whether we have
a movement here in Chicago,

you ought to be
in this church tonight.

[cheering, applause]

We have some
challenging days ahead.

[man] Amen.

Some great and noble
opportunities

to make this beautiful city
that sits on the banks
of Lake Michigan

the beautiful city
of brotherhood

that it is called to be.

[man] Amen.

I say sincerely
that the white persons

who believe in justice,

who believe in humanity,

are gonna stay with
this movement.

Yeah.
Yes, sir.

As I've said before,
they're gonna stay with it

because it's just and right.

[shouts of assent]

If my Jewish
brothers and sisters

said to me
amid anti-Semitism anywhere,

"We don't need your support.

We have enough Jewish power
to deal with this problem
ourselves."

I would still take a stand
against anti-Semitism

because it's wrong,
it's unjust, and it's evil.

If my Catholic brothers
and sisters said to me,

amid bigotry toward Catholics,

"We don't need
your support in this,

because we have enough
Catholic power to deal with it,"

I would still take a stand
against bigotry toward Catholics

because it is wrong,
it is evil, and it is unjust.

Tomorrow, let us march.

Let us march in dignity,
let us march in discipline.

So don't despair.

Don't give up.

But in one great outpouring

with the gentle signs and
the glad thunders of the ages,

all of us can begin to sing,

"Glory, hallelujah.

Glory, hallelujah.

Glory, hallelujah,
our God is marching on!"

[cheering, applause]

♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪

[angry shouting]

...no goddamn
broken windows!

[man]
Back to the jungle, you guys!
Back to the jungle!

[officer]
Let's go. Keep moving there.

Keep 'em moving.

[shouting]

Nigger, go away!
Damn nigger, go home!

- Let's move it. Come on.
- Let's move it.

[officer]
Use your good sense
instead of your emotions.

[man] Where's their good sense?
Let 'em go in
their own neighborhood.

[man 2] Yeah, we're protecting
our neighborhood!
Get outta here!

[officer] All you're gonna do
is help ruin your own.

That's the way
you're going right now.

I've seen this happen
many times.

[officer]
Why don't you go home
and act like adult people.

[jeering]

[marchers]
♪ We shall live in peace ♪

[woman]
Hey, get out of here!

[men shouting]
Go home! Go home! Go home!

- [man] We want dago power!
- [people cheering]

Get out!
Come on over here!

Hey, you want to be next
to the white people?
Come over here!

Hey, back to the jungle,
you guys! Back to the jungle!
Go, will ya?

[marchers continue singing]

[angry shouting]

[man] Hey!
Keep walking, guys!

Hey!
Nigger go home!

[locals shouting angrily]

[marchers continue singing]

Hey, you want to be
next to the white people?
Come over here!

[shouting]

[angry shouting]

♪ We shall overcome ♪

♪ Someday ♪

[angry shouting continues]

[officer on loudspeaker]
Take your children home.

[man] Why don't you tell
the niggers to go home!

[crowd chanting] White power!
White power! White power!
White power! White power!

All you're doing
is aggravate our problem.
Off the streets.

Come on!

[horn honking]

Watch it!

[shouting]

[shouting]

You didn't tell me nothing!

Get outta here!

I live in here!
Get outta here!

I live here!
Those fucking niggers
don't live here!

[shouting, indistinct]

Tell them fucking niggers
to go home!

[crowd jeering, booing]

[King]
They were saying to us
yesterday, "Don't march."

I listened to 'em.

I said to myself,

"Our marching feet have done
too much now to give up."

If you want us to stop marching,

make justice a reality.

I don't mind saying
to Chicago or to anybody,

"I'm tired of marching.

Tired of marching for something

that should have been mine
at birth."

[marchers]
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

♪ And I do believe ♪

[King]
If you want a moratorium
on demonstration,

put a moratorium on injustice.

If you want us to end
our moves into communities,

open these communities.

[woman] Yeah! Yeah!
I don't mind saying
to you,

"I'm tired of the tension
surrounding our day."

I don't mind saying to you,
"I'm tired of living every day
under the threat of death."

I have no martyr complex.

I want to live as long
as anybody in this building,

and sometimes
I begin to doubt whether
I'm gonna make it through.

I must confess, I'm tired!

[crowd cheering]

Yes, I'm tired of going to jail.

I'm tired of all
of the surging murmur
of life's lesson at sea.

So I'll tell anybody,
"I'm willing to stop marching.

I don't march because I like it.

I march because I must
and because I'm a man

and because
I'm a child of God!"

[man] Let's move it.
Come on. Let's move it.

[man] You see him?
[man 2] Yeah.

[man 3]
Yeah, threw the rock.

[loud bang]

[shouting, chattering]

[loud bang]

[people cheering]

[King aide]
Let's get moving.

[King aide 2]
Right, let's move.

[chattering]

They'd like if we'd move.

Let's go back toward our--

[man] Did you change
the road coming up?

[Young] No, we got separated,

and we couldn't
get through
the mob back there.

So we'll wait--
No, we have to go all
the way around the park

and come back in.
Come up the back?

[reporter]
Dr. King, did you get hit?
I'm glad you slowed it up.

What did you get hit with, sir?

You get hit
with rocks?
I've been hit so many times,

I'm immune to it.

[chattering]

How do you feel
about this reception, sir?

Well, this is a terrible thing.

I've been in many demonstrations
all across the South,

but I can say
that I have never seen--

Even in Mississippi
and Alabama--

Mobs as hostile
and as hate-filled

as I've seen here in Chicago.

But the march
will go on anyway?
Oh, very definitely.

We can't stop the march.
We're going on in a few minutes.

[gunshot]

Do you feel you're in
a closed society, Dr. King,

here in the southwest side
of Chicago?
Oh, yes.

It's definitely
a closed society, and we're
gonna make it an open society.

And we feel that we
have to do it this way

in order to bring the evil
out into the open

so that this community
will be forced to deal with it.

[reporter 2]
Dr. King, will there be
any marches this weekend?

Yes, there will be.
We'll be announcing that
a little later.

[reporter speaking, indistinct]

I don't know yet.

[Young] Can you move back
so we can get it started?

You wanna move 'em
out to the left?

[man] Hey!
[loud bang]

[crowd booing]

[angry shouting]

[gunshot]

[officer]
Get 'em back!

[King]
We aren't gonna march
with any Molotov cocktails.

That isn't our movement.

We aren't gonna march
with any weapons.
That isn't our movement.

[shouting]

We aren't gonna march
with bricks and bottles.

We are gonna march
with something much more
powerful than all of that.

We are gonna march
with the force of our souls,

mobilize bodies
in concern for justice.

Somehow we are gonna step up.

We are gonna take
the ammunition of determination.

We are gonna move out

with the weapons of courage.

We're gonna put on
the breastplate of righteousness

and the whole armor of God,
and we're gonna march!

The face of war is my face.

The face of war is your face.

What color is the face of war?

Brown? Black? White?

Your face and my face.

Death is the broom
I take in my hands
to sweep the world clean.

I sweep and I sweep
and mop and I mop.

I dip my broom in blood,
my mop in blood,

and blame you for this,
because you are there, enemy.

It's hard to blame me
because I am here.

So I kill you, and you kill me.

My name, like your name, is war.

[King]
Let no one claim there is
a consensus for this war.

No flag-waving.

No smug satisfaction
with territorial conquest.

No denunciation of the enemy
can obscure the truth

that millions
of patriotic Americans

repudiate this war

and refuse to take
moral responsibility for it.

- [explosion]
- [shouting]

- [machine gun firing]
- [shouting continues]

[soldier screams]

I speak out against this war

not in anger

but with anxiety
and sorrow in my heart,

and above all,
with a passionate desire

to see our beloved country

stand as the moral example
of the world.

I speak out against this war

because I am disappointed
with America,

and there can be
no great disappointment

where there is no great love.

[officer] All right, check.
Second platoon,
throw those people back!

[gunfire]

[King] Negroes and white boys
will fight in brutal solidarity

on the battlefields of Vietnam,

but when they get back home,
it's doubtful that
their children

will be able to sit together
in the same classroom,

because most of the schools
of this country are segregated.

Negro soldiers
will die in Vietnam.

Sometime they'll come back home

to be buried
in Wetumpka, Alabama,

and can't even be buried there.

It's time to set
our own house in order.

For those who say to me,
"Stick to civil rights,"

I have another answer.

And that is that I've fought
too long and too hard now...

against segregated
public accommodations

to end up segregating
my moral concern.

I'm not gonna do that.

[crowd applauding]

Others can do
what they want to do!

That's their business.

If other civil rights leaders,
for various reasons,

refuse or can't take a stand
or have to go along
with the administration,

that's their business!

But I must say tonight--

[applauding]

That I know that justice...

is indivisible.

Injustice anywhere

is a threat to justice
everywhere.

If people bring
so much courage to this world,

the world has to kill them
to break them.

So, of course, it kills them.

The world breaks everyone,

and afterward, many are strong
at the broken places.

But those it will not break,
it kills.

It kills the very good
and the very gentle

and the very brave, impartially.

If you are none of these,

you can be sure that
it will kill you too.

But there will be
no special hurry.

♪ Happy birthday to you ♪

♪ Happy birthday, Dr. King ♪

♪ Happy birthday to you ♪

We know that you
really don't need much,

but we thought
there are some things
you ought to have.

So we searched around,
and knowing what's
coming up for you,

we thought you'd be
strung out on a shoestring,
so when you go to jail,

here's some shoestring potatoes.

[applause]
And we know
how fond you are

of our president,
Lyndon Johnson, and--

[laughter]

And we know how you support him.

I got this cup for you--
and I want this back,
'cause it's mine--

And it says, "We are cooperating

with Lyndon Johnson's
war on poverty.

Drop coins and bills
in the cup."

[laughing]

[woman speaking, indistinct]

Now, there's a picture
of Dr. King.

He's in deep thought.

You've seen that picture
many times.

But it takes on
new meaning here,
and it says,

"Caption: 'But seriously,
President Johnson,

if the pill won't work,
then we're going to need
Dr. Spock."'

[laughing]

[applause]

And you get
a free gift certificate
to the Atlanta Boys, okay?

All right.
And this is a special gift
from me. A real one.

[laughing]

[indistinct]

Thank you very much.

I'm just getting older,
that's all.

Dr. King.
- Franklin, how you doin'?
Good to see you.

Uh, are you gonna stop
somewhere for a bite to eat?

We're gonna eat
in Marks, I believe.
Somebody reminded me of it.

[car horn honks]
See y'all.

[boy] Let me touch you.
You all just took off
from school, huh?

[teenagers]
Yeah. [laughing]
All right.

See ya later, hear?
Bye.

All right, bye-bye.
[giggling]

Now there's how
to shake his hand, huh?
- Wonderful.

Get to shake it.

We want y'all
to come on to Washington
when you get out of school.

Yes, sir.
- We're gonna have
a big time in Washington.

Yes, sir.
Good luck, hear?

Thanks.
- Bye-bye.

Bye.
[boy] Bye.

Hosea's still inside.

Greg. Tell Hosea
and Ralph to rush on.

We-- [indistinct]

Hello. Give me some sugar.
- [woman] Where we stopping?

Ah, that a girl.
- Where we stopping?

Where we stopping?
Is there some town
between here and Marks?

He said something about
we had a stop, but he
didn't say where. Why?

How you doing?
Fine. How you been?

All right.
Fine.
Glad to see you.

Yeah. How you doing?
Fine.
How are you?

[woman] Hello.
How are you?
Fine. How you feelin'?

Glad to see.
You said somewhere about
we gonna stop on the way.

[engine starts]

Okay, Rev. See ya, yeah?

In Chicago,
on the day that we marched
through that narrow street--

And we marched about
4,000 or 5,000 people
that day--

But they were in trees.

[pilot] That's correct.
Change frequencies.

It was the most serious--

I guess we marched
about five miles, didn't we?

But they had
at least 10,000 whites
assemble on us.

And there must have been
about 4,000 police...

trying to protect us.

But every minute almost,
somebody's nose got broken.

And you got everywhere you turn.

And we went through
this narrow street
with all these trees,

and the policemen
were going ahead,

and they were finding people
in these trees.

They were holding up,
"Come out of the trees."

'Cause they were in these trees
to shoot or anything.

And they were throwing
so many rocks and things

that I saw the policemen
duck at least--

One time, you remember,
looked like you could see
4,000 policemen duck.

They all went down.
It was-- That's a fact.

Now, that, to me,

and Philadelphia, Mississippi,
were the most, uh--

I just gave up.

I wouldn't say
I was so afraid as--

That I had yielded
to the real possibility

of the inevitability of death.

I mean, I had concluded--

I concluded--

That day in Philadelphia,
when I was speaking--

[man on radio]
Radar identification.
Turn to right-hand--

And Rainey was behind me,
you remember?

And all those others,
and I started saying,

"The murderers
are probably around,"

and some man behind me said,
"You're damn right. They're
right behind you right now."

That was Rainey.
Rainey said it.

"Yeah, I'm right behind you."
Said, "Yeah"--

And, brother--

And I was here speaking.
They all standin' behind me.

And I just knew

they had never seen--

Well, did-did I pray,
or did Ralph pray?

[man]
Ralph prayed.

Yeah, Ralph prayed that day.

And, uh, we had to
close our eyes.

And I just knew then
that they were gonna drop us.

[man laughing]
Ralph never did!
From then on--

You-- [laughing] [laughing]

You didn't know that?
No, sirree.

Ralph says he prayed
with his open.

[laughing]

But I closed my eyes.
I really did.

This is a new beginning
on the economic front.

We've dealt with
the social crisis
of legal segregation

to a great degree,

and we've dealt with
the political problem,

the right to vote,
to its great extent.

Now we are making
a beginning on the economic.
- Right.

We assemble here together today

with common problems,

uh, bringing together
ethnic groups

that maybe
have not been together

in this type of meeting
in the past.

I know I haven't been
in a meeting like this,

and it's been one of my dreams
that we would come together

and realize our common problems.

And I do want to express
my deep personal gratitude

and the appreciation of
the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference

to each of you.

And power for poor people
will really mean

having the ability,
the togetherness,

the assertiveness
and the aggressiveness

to make the power structure
of this nation say "yes"

when they may be desirous
of saying "no."

And it is my hope that

we will get together
and be together

and really stand up
to gain power for poor people.

Black people, Mexican-Americans,
American Indians,

Puerto Ricans,
Appalachian whites,

all working together

to solve the problem of poverty.

[crowd applauding]

We're getting ready to deal with
the economic issue.

We're getting ready to demand
jobs and income.

We are tired of working

full-time jobs
for part-time income.

Yeah.
All right,
all right.

We are tired of living
in run-down,

dilapidated, rat-infested
shacks and slums.

[murmuring in agreement]

We are tired of our children--

[man]
All right.

Having to attend overcrowded,
inferior schools.

[man]
Make it plain.

And we are tired

of our men
not being able to be men

because they can't find work.

[King] One thousand
three hundred sanitation workers
are on strike,

and Memphis
is not being fair to them.

The issue is
the refusal of Memphis...

to be fair and honest

in its dealings
with its public servants

who happen to be
sanitation workers.

Now, we've gotta keep
attention on that.

We've got to march again...

in order to put the issue

where it is supposed to be.

Force everybody to see
that there are

1,300 of God's children
here suffering,

sometimes going hungry,

going through
dark and dreary nights,

wondering how this thing
is gonna come out.

That's the issue.

We've got to say to the nation,
"We know how it's coming out."

When people get caught up
with that which is right,

and they are willing
to sacrifice for it,

there is no stopping point
short of victory.

We have this illegal,
unconstitutional injunction.

All we say to America is,
"Be true to what you said
on paper."

[shouts of agreement]

[applause]

[clamoring]

If I lived in China
or even Russia,

maybe I could understand

some of these
illegal injunctions.

Maybe I could understand

the denial of certain basic
First Amendment privileges

because they haven't
committed themselves
to that over there.

But somewhere I read

of the freedom of assembly.

Somewhere I read
of the freedom of speech.

Yeah!
- Somewhere I read

of the freedom of press.

Somewhere I read

that the greatness of America

is the right to protest
for a right.

[cheering, applause]

And so just as I say
we aren't going to let any dogs
or water hoses turn us around,

we aren't going to let
any injunction turn us around!

[cheering]

[motorcycle engines revving]

All right, we're ready.
Let's go! Let's go!

[chattering]

Stay with the group.
Stay with the group.
Together now.

Get back in line.

Black power!

Black power!
This is power!

Black power!
[shouting]

Black power!
This is power!

[shouting]

[shouting]
[whistle blowing]

[siren wailing]

[officer shouting]
[glass breaking]

[explosion]
[shouting]

Get off the street!
Get off the street!

[sirens wailing]

[explosion]

[explosions]
[shouting]

[shouting]

Look out! Look out!
[glass breaking]

We've got
some difficult days ahead.

Some began to talk about

the threats that were out.

[man] Yeah.

What would happen to me from
some of our sick white brothers.

[clamoring]

Well, I don't know
what will happen now.

But it really doesn't matter
with me now,

because I've been
to the mountaintop.

[crowd] Yeah!
[applause]

And I don't mind.

Like anybody, I would like
to live... a long life.

Longevity has its place.

But I'm not concerned
about that now.

I just want to do God's will.

[crowd] Yeah.

And he's allowed me
to go up to the mountain.

And I've looked over,

and I've seen the promised land.

Yeah!

I may not get there with you,

but I want you to know tonight

[shouting]
that we as a people
will get to the promised land!

[shouting, applause]

[man]
Go ahead. Go ahead.

So I'm happy tonight.
I'm not worried about anything!

I'm not fearing any man!

Mine eyes have seen the glory
of the coming of the Lord!

[cheering, applause]

♪ Going forth with weeping ♪

♪ Sowing for the Master ♪

♪ Tho' the loss sustained ♪

♪ Our spirit often grieves ♪

♪ When our weeping's over ♪

♪ He will bid us welcome ♪

♪ We shall come rejoicing ♪

♪ Bringing in the sheaves ♪

My name is Robert Moseley,
the producer of this show.

At 7:10 this evening,
Martin Luther King was shot--

[audience gasps]
in Tennessee.

This was to be a gala occasion
for a little Negro college
from Mississippi

appearing in Carnegie Hall
with the great Duke Ellington.

Martin Luther King
20 minutes ago died.

[audience gasping]

[bell tolling]

[woman]
♪ Glory, glory ♪
[tolling continues]

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ Glory, glory ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ I'm gonna need my ♪

♪ Dear old mother ♪

♪ When I lay my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ I'm gonna need my ♪

♪ Dear old mother ♪

♪ When I lay my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ Glory, glory ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ Glory, glory ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ Glory, glory ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down, mm-hmm ♪

♪ Glory, glory ♪

♪ Hallelujah ♪

♪ When I laid my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ I'm gonna need my ♪

♪ Dear old mother ♪

♪ When I lay my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

♪ I'm gonna need my ♪

♪ Dear old mother ♪

♪ When I lay my ♪

♪ Burden down ♪

[organ playing]

[organ continues]

[man] Please be seated.

We gather here this morning
in one of the darkest hours...

in the history...

of the black people
of this nation,

and in one of
the darkest hours...

in the history...

of all mankind.

For Martin Luther King,

a 20th-century prophet,

who was imbued with
the philosophy...

of nonviolence,

sent forth as a Moses
in the wilderness...

of this sick nation of ours...

to lift his voice
and cry out to the pharaohs...

to let my people go,

was assassinated...

on last Thursday evening...

in Memphis, Tennessee.

We come to the church where...

he was dedicated

and blessed as a baby;

where he was baptized
as a Christian;

where he was licensed...

to preach the gospel;

where he was ordained...

to spread good tidings

of joy to all people.

The church where his pas--
where his father...

has pastored for many years,

and the church
which he has served...

in such a marvelous way...

as co-pastor...

for eight years.

Mrs. King has requested that...

we have the tape
of his last sermon...

played to us now.

[King on tape]
if any of you are around
when I have to meet my day,

I don't want a long funeral.

And if you get somebody
to deliver the eulogy,

tell them not to talk too long.

[man] Yes.
- Every now and then I wonder
what I want them to say.

Tell them not to mention
that I have a Nobel Peace Prize.

That isn't important.

Tell them not to mention
that I have 300 or 400
other awards.

That's not important.
Tell them not to mention
where I went to school.

I'd like somebody
to mention that day

that Martin Luther King, Jr.

Tried to give his life
serving others!

I'd like for somebody
to say that day

that Martin Luther King, Jr.
tried to love somebody!

Yeah.
- I want you to say that day

that I tried to be right
on the war question.

[man] Yes, yes.
- I want you to be able
to say that day

that I did try
to feed the hungry.

Yes!
- And I want you to be able
to say that day

that I did try in my life
to clothe those who were naked.

Yes!
- I want you to say on that day

that I did try in my life
to visit those
who were in prison.

Lord, yes!
- I want you to say

that I tried to love
and serve humanity.

Yes, if you want to say
that I was a drum major,

say that I was
a drum major for justice.

Say that I was
a drum major for peace.

I was a drum major
for righteousness.

And all of
the other shallow things
will not matter.

I won't have any money
to leave behind.

I won't have the fine
and luxurious things of life
to leave behind,

but I just want to leave
a committed life behind.

[man] Amen!
- And that's all I want to say.

"If I can help somebody
as I pass along,

If I can cheer somebody
with a word or song,

If I can show somebody
he's traveling wrong,

Then my living
will not be in vain!

[man] Yes!
- If I can do my duty
as a Christian ought,

If I can bring salvation
to a world once wrought,

if I can spread the message
as the Master taught,

Then my living
will not be in vain."

[piano intro]

♪ Once upon this planet Earth ♪

♪ Lived a man of humble birth ♪

♪ Preaching love and freedom ♪

♪ For his fellow man ♪

♪ He was dreaming of the day ♪

♪ Peace would come to Earth
To stay ♪

♪ And he spread this message ♪

♪ All across the land ♪

♪ Turn the other cheek
He'd plead ♪

♪ Love thy neighbor
Was his creed ♪

♪ Pain, humiliation, death ♪

♪ He did not dread ♪

♪ With his Bible at his side ♪

♪ Hmm ♪

♪ From his foes
He did not hide ♪

♪ It's hard to think ♪

♪ That this great man ♪

♪ Is dead ♪

♪ Oh, yes ♪

♪ Will the murders
Never cease? ♪

♪ Are they men
Or are they beasts? ♪

♪ What do they ever hope ♪

♪ Ever hope to gain? ♪

♪ Will my country ♪

♪ Fall ♪

♪ Stand or fall? ♪

♪ Is it too late for us all? ♪

♪ And did Martin Luther King ♪

♪ Just die in vain? ♪

♪ 'Cause he'd seen
The mountaintop ♪

[chuckles]

♪ And he knew
He could not stop ♪

♪ Always living ♪

♪ With the threat of death
Ahead ♪

♪ Folks, you'd better ♪

♪ Stop and think ♪

♪ 'Cause we're headed
For the brink ♪

♪ What will happen now ♪

♪ That he is dead? ♪

♪ He was for equality ♪

♪ For all people
You and me ♪

♪ Full of love and goodwill ♪

♪ Hate was not his way ♪

♪ He was not a violent man ♪

♪ Tell me, folks, if you can ♪

♪ Just why ♪

♪ Why was he shot down
The other day? ♪

♪ Well, see, he'd seen
The mountaintop ♪

♪ And he knew
He could not stop ♪

♪ Always living ♪

♪ With the threat of death
Ahead ♪

♪ Folks, you'd better stop
And think ♪

♪ And feel again ♪

♪ For we're headed
For the brink ♪

♪ What's gonna happen ♪

♪ Now that the king of love ♪

♪ ls dead? ♪

♪ He was for equality ♪

♪ For all people
You and me ♪

♪ Full of love and goodwill ♪

♪ Hate was not his way ♪

♪ He was not a violent man ♪

♪ Tell me, folks, if you can ♪

♪ Just why ♪

♪ Why was he shot down
The other day? ♪

♪ Well, see, he'd seen
The mountaintop ♪

♪ And he knew
He could not stop ♪

♪ Always living ♪

♪ With the threat of death
Ahead ♪

♪ Folks, you'd better stop
And think ♪

♪ And feel again ♪

♪ For we're headed
For the brink ♪

♪ What's gonna happen ♪

♪ Now that the king of love ♪

♪ ls dead? ♪