Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:24,000
STEVE BACKSHALL: Whales...
(WHALESONG)
2
00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:28,240
..ocean giants, ancient mariners.
3
00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:32,000
Their songs, majesty and sheer size
4
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,600
Their songs, majesty and sheer size
5
00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:37,200
fill us with joy and awe.
6
00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,120
In their vast shadow,
7
00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:44,160
a human can feel very small.
8
00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:52,120
They were here long before us...
9
00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,000
..caring for their young...
10
00:00:56,960 --> 00:00:58,960
..hunting...
11
00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:01,920
..voyaging.
12
00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:04,000
But now we are changing their world.
13
00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:05,600
But now we are changing their world.
14
00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:09,560
So now I want to see
through their eyes,
15
00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:11,880
meeting them on their terms
16
00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:12,000
to find how their future
and ours are inseparable.
17
00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:16,120
to find how their future
and ours are inseparable.
18
00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:43,000
Whales are the largest mammals
on the planet.
19
00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:46,480
Their streamlined bodies...
20
00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:49,880
..powerful tail flukes...
21
00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:52,000
..and huge reserves of energy...
22
00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:52,760
..and huge reserves of energy...
23
00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:58,040
..make them perfectly evolved...
24
00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:00,000
..for a life
of ocean crossing voyages.
25
00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:01,400
..for a life
of ocean crossing voyages.
26
00:02:04,120 --> 00:02:06,120
Migrations.
27
00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:08,000
(WHALESONG)
28
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:08,160
(WHALESONG)
29
00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,840
Whales undertake the
most epic journeys of any animals,
30
00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:16,000
with some species travelling
thousands of miles every year,
31
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:17,320
with some species travelling
thousands of miles every year,
32
00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,000
following routes their ancestors
have used for generations.
33
00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:27,280
For centuries,
their seasonal journeys,
34
00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,960
and the reasons
they chose certain destinations...
35
00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:34,680
..were a mystery.
36
00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:39,320
Now, for the first time,
37
00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:40,000
science has mapped their migrations,
38
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,320
science has mapped their migrations,
39
00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:44,680
revealing whale superhighways
40
00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:47,640
that crisscross our planet.
41
00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:51,560
I want to know
if this offers new insights
42
00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:54,680
into why whales travel so far...
43
00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:02,360
..and what's happening as they
try to navigate our changing oceans.
44
00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:04,000
I'm starting my journey in Tahiti,
in French Polynesia,
45
00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,440
I'm starting my journey in Tahiti,
in French Polynesia,
46
00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:10,240
an important hotspot
on the whale migration map.
47
00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:12,000
(RHYTHMIC CHIRPING)
48
00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,600
(RHYTHMIC CHIRPING)
49
00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:23,640
Tahiti is an island nation,
50
00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:26,520
surrounded by miles and miles
of open pacific.
51
00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:28,000
Perhaps best known
for its dramatic and iconic surf.
52
00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,440
Perhaps best known
for its dramatic and iconic surf.
53
00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:33,600
The swell that creates these waves
54
00:03:33,640 --> 00:03:36,000
has travelled for thousands
of kilometres to reach here.
55
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:36,840
has travelled for thousands
of kilometres to reach here.
56
00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,000
But humpback whales, one
of our planet's greatest migrants,
57
00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:46,320
But humpback whales, one
of our planet's greatest migrants,
58
00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:50,240
travel even further, all the way
from the chilly waters of Antarctica,
59
00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:52,000
to come here for the
most important moment of their lives.
60
00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:53,000
to come here for the
most important moment of their lives.
61
00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:00,000
This may seem like paradise to us,
62
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:03,240
This may seem like paradise to us,
63
00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:06,440
but Antarctica is where
the humpback's food is.
64
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:11,800
So why do females
leave that behind...
65
00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:16,000
..and travel thousands of kilometres
to give birth here?
66
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:16,640
..and travel thousands of kilometres
to give birth here?
67
00:04:17,480 --> 00:04:21,400
This is the most commonly seen sight
of the humpback.
68
00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:24,000
Indeed, it's what gives it its name,
69
00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:24,520
Indeed, it's what gives it its name,
70
00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:27,040
that distinctive humpback shape.
71
00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:32,000
Right now, this female
is just hanging at the surface,
72
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:32,040
Right now, this female
is just hanging at the surface,
73
00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,240
taking it easy while
the small calf moves around her.
74
00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:39,360
This mother has earned her rest.
75
00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:46,520
It took 3 months to swim here,
76
00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:48,000
and then she gave birth
to her one-tonne baby.
77
00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,480
and then she gave birth
to her one-tonne baby.
78
00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:59,400
I want to see how she's getting on.
79
00:05:03,840 --> 00:05:04,000
(WHALESONG)
80
00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:06,480
(WHALESONG)
81
00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:26,640
Down here, I can feel the reason
Tahiti is so appealing.
82
00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:28,000
The water's calm and warm.
83
00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:30,040
The water's calm and warm.
84
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:40,240
Coming here means she can spend
less energy keeping herself warm...
85
00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:44,000
..and more energy nursing her calf.
86
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:44,600
..and more energy nursing her calf.
87
00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:52,000
They look so calm and tranquil.
88
00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:53,440
They look so calm and tranquil.
89
00:05:54,520 --> 00:05:58,080
For the female, though,
these are really tough times.
90
00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:00,000
While she's here feeding her calf,
91
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:01,200
While she's here feeding her calf,
92
00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:03,840
she's spending
enormous amounts of energy
93
00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:05,880
and not feeding at all.
94
00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:08,000
Her fasting can last 9 months...
95
00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:09,200
Her fasting can last 9 months...
96
00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:13,800
..so she must conserve
every bit of energy.
97
00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:18,640
While she rests,
98
00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:21,320
her calf is free
to discover the world around it.
99
00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,640
The female is almost saying,
100
00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:30,200
"Go on now, go and play
with your new friends."
101
00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:36,240
Under Mum's watchful eye,
102
00:06:36,280 --> 00:06:38,720
the calf uses its newfound freedom...
103
00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:40,000
..to play.
104
00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:41,880
..to play.
105
00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:24,760
Just a few months old,
106
00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:28,000
this calf is getting to know
its own body.
107
00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:28,080
this calf is getting to know
its own body.
108
00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:05,760
Soon, it must swim to Antarctica
109
00:08:05,800 --> 00:08:07,800
on its first migration.
110
00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,000
The calf just
wouldn't leave us alone.
111
00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:16,000
It's one of those
once-in-a-lifetime moments
112
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:16,440
It's one of those
once-in-a-lifetime moments
113
00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:19,880
when an animal sees you,
seeks out your company
114
00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:22,000
and wants to interact with you.
115
00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:24,000
It's totally on their terms.
116
00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:24,040
It's totally on their terms.
117
00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:27,280
I think that's probably,
118
00:08:27,320 --> 00:08:29,080
in 25 years working with animals,
119
00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:31,040
the best thing
that's ever happened to me.
120
00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:38,560
Whales travel here
because these waters...
121
00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:40,000
..offer optimum conditions.
122
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:41,200
..offer optimum conditions.
123
00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:46,040
But we are changing that.
124
00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:48,000
The planet is heating up.
125
00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:48,080
The planet is heating up.
126
00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:55,240
Recently, the world's
ocean surface temperature
127
00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:56,000
was at its highest
since records began.
128
00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:57,880
was at its highest
since records began.
129
00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:01,480
If the waters warm
beyond their tolerance,
130
00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:04,000
humpbacks could lose
these perfect nurseries forever.
131
00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:05,200
humpbacks could lose
these perfect nurseries forever.
132
00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:24,600
Over to the northeast of the Pacific,
133
00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:27,840
grey whales face
one of the longest journeys of all.
134
00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,800
Up to 10,000km
135
00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,000
from Alaska all the way to Mexico.
136
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:36,440
from Alaska all the way to Mexico.
137
00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:48,240
It's winter,
138
00:09:48,280 --> 00:09:51,920
and this female has been
heading south for two months.
139
00:09:56,360 --> 00:10:00,000
Her goal was to reach warm,
safe waters before she gave birth.
140
00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:00,560
Her goal was to reach warm,
safe waters before she gave birth.
141
00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:21,720
But her calf
has been born on the way.
142
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:29,160
It's the last thing she wanted.
143
00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:37,880
Changing sea ice
in her Alaskan feeding grounds
144
00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:39,920
impacted the food she relies on.
145
00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:44,720
Forced to feed further north,
146
00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:47,000
her migration
is longer than normal...
147
00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:50,440
..and taking more time.
148
00:11:03,880 --> 00:11:04,000
Just days old...
149
00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:05,880
Just days old...
150
00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:09,360
..her baby is unprepared
for the journey.
151
00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:20,000
But they must keep moving.
152
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:21,280
But they must keep moving.
153
00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:34,400
She tries to support him.
154
00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:43,480
But he is still weak.
155
00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:55,560
Their plight was filmed
off the Californian coast,
156
00:11:55,600 --> 00:12:00,000
1,000km short of their safer
Mexican birthing lagoons.
157
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:00,200
1,000km short of their safer
Mexican birthing lagoons.
158
00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:06,720
It's not known if they ever made it.
159
00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:23,040
Whales need better protection
for their habitats...
160
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:24,000
..and the superhighways
that connect them.
161
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:26,960
..and the superhighways
that connect them.
162
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:32,000
I want to see what's being done.
163
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:33,880
I want to see what's being done.
164
00:12:57,640 --> 00:13:01,440
The peoples of Polynesia are
some of the world's finest seafarers,
165
00:13:01,480 --> 00:13:03,520
able to cross entire oceans
166
00:13:03,560 --> 00:13:04,000
in small boats not much bigger
than this va'a or outrigger.
167
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,960
in small boats not much bigger
than this va'a or outrigger.
168
00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:12,000
Just as they sometimes had
to leave the sanctuary of the lagoons
169
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,000
Just as they sometimes had
to leave the sanctuary of the lagoons
170
00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,880
and head out
into the terrors of the big blue,
171
00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:20,000
the humpbacks too,
can't stay here forever.
172
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:21,120
the humpbacks too,
can't stay here forever.
173
00:13:23,640 --> 00:13:25,960
They're going to have to set off
174
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,000
on one of the most dangerous
journeys in nature.
175
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:29,040
on one of the most dangerous
journeys in nature.
176
00:13:36,680 --> 00:13:39,360
While it's an ideal nursery,
177
00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,240
Tahiti offers nothing
in the way of food.
178
00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:48,920
This female has barely eaten since
she left Antarctica six months ago.
179
00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:55,680
She must now return
to the freezing waters of the South.
180
00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:00,000
(GROANING)
181
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:01,120
(GROANING)
182
00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:04,240
Her young calf will join her.
183
00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:08,000
It's a huge undertaking,
184
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:08,960
It's a huge undertaking,
185
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,360
swimming over 6,000km
through open ocean.
186
00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:16,000
To survive, the calf will need
to be in peak physical condition.
187
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,240
To survive, the calf will need
to be in peak physical condition.
188
00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:22,880
Two here! Two here!
189
00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:30,120
Mother and calf, I think,
breaching in front of us.
190
00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:38,560
Breaching is a really interesting
form of behaviour.
191
00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:47,360
Here in these waters you often see
the youngsters, the calves breaching,
192
00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:48,000
and they'll go
over and over and over again,
193
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,000
and they'll go
over and over and over again,
194
00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:53,360
and the energy they need to expend
to get out of the water is immense.
195
00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,240
Research suggests
this could be a form of training.
196
00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:11,840
Building the strength needed
197
00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:12,000
for the vast migration
that lies ahead.
198
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,560
for the vast migration
that lies ahead.
199
00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:28,000
Eventually, the youngsters
are strong enough
200
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:29,960
Eventually, the youngsters
are strong enough
201
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,640
to make their epic journey
to Antarctica,
202
00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:34,760
but it's a trip
that's fraught with danger.
203
00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:43,600
The discovery of whale superhighways
comes at a critical time...
204
00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:46,680
..as their long journeys
205
00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:50,440
put them right in the path
of our increasing boat traffic.
206
00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:56,800
Here in Nanuu Bay
on Tahiti's North coast,
207
00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:58,840
the problem is clear.
208
00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:03,240
For humpback whale calves,
it's incredibly challenging.
209
00:16:03,280 --> 00:16:05,000
They can't dive
as deep as their mothers.
210
00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,480
They spend much more time
nearer the surface.
211
00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:08,000
And ferries like this
212
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:09,280
And ferries like this
213
00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:13,240
are heading back and forth
between these islands all the time,
214
00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:15,360
putting these animals
in constant peril.
215
00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:16,000
The risk of collision
216
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:17,680
The risk of collision
217
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:21,080
turns this sanctuary
into a danger zone.
218
00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:24,000
A boat this size has hundreds
of tonnes of force behind it.
219
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,400
A boat this size has hundreds
of tonnes of force behind it.
220
00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:29,880
Being struck by that
221
00:16:29,920 --> 00:16:32,000
is gonna be fatal for any whale,
no matter how big it is.
222
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:32,920
is gonna be fatal for any whale,
no matter how big it is.
223
00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:36,280
Around the world,
224
00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:39,920
ship strikes kill
dozens of whales each year.
225
00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:48,000
The number of vessels is rising.
226
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:48,560
The number of vessels is rising.
227
00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:53,480
By 2050, shipping traffic
is projected to increase
228
00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:55,680
up to 1,000%.
229
00:16:58,280 --> 00:17:02,040
For migratory whales,
their ocean world...
230
00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:04,000
..has become a minefield.
231
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:05,200
..has become a minefield.
232
00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:12,000
The search for solutions is underway,
233
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:13,720
The search for solutions is underway,
234
00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:17,040
and one success story
can be found in New Zealand.
235
00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:20,000
(SHIP HORN BLARES)
236
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:20,200
(SHIP HORN BLARES)
237
00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:26,520
The Port of Auckland
was a whale-collision hotspot.
238
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,720
The shipping routes
plough right through the habitat
239
00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:34,840
of resident Bryde's whales.
240
00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:43,560
These sleek hunters
241
00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:44,000
consume schooling fish
in shallow waters.
242
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:46,600
consume schooling fish
in shallow waters.
243
00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:52,000
When they can catch them.
244
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:53,160
When they can catch them.
245
00:17:55,920 --> 00:17:58,960
But this means they spend
a lot of time near the surface...
246
00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:03,960
..in the path of passing ships.
247
00:18:10,280 --> 00:18:12,680
Professor Rochelle Constantine
248
00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:15,720
is an expert
in marine mammal conservation.
249
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:20,480
CONSTANTINE:
That's an example of the ships
that transit through the Gulf.
250
00:18:20,520 --> 00:18:22,760
If this ship was going full speed,
251
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:24,000
the whales would stand no chance if
they were in the path of this ship.
252
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,600
the whales would stand no chance if
they were in the path of this ship.
253
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,000
About 15 years ago,
254
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:32,480
About 15 years ago,
255
00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:34,920
we had around
two to three whales a year
256
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:38,360
washing ashore with injuries
consistent with a ship strike.
257
00:18:39,760 --> 00:18:40,000
Her solution was simple...
258
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:41,800
Her solution was simple...
259
00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:48,000
..to persuade shipping companies
to reduce speeds
260
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:48,960
..to persuade shipping companies
to reduce speeds
261
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:51,880
to just 10 knots in specific zones.
262
00:18:56,440 --> 00:18:57,920
Since they've slowed down,
263
00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,640
no whales have been found dead
from ship strike.
264
00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:04,000
Whales have time
to get out of the way.
265
00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:06,760
Such a great conservation win.
266
00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:17,080
Helping whales doesn't
always have to be complicated
267
00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:19,480
or costly.
268
00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:24,400
And the more we discover
about their superhighways,
269
00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:27,120
the better we're able
to make positive change.
270
00:19:31,800 --> 00:19:34,120
Whales migrate for many reasons.
271
00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:44,000
And one of the strongest motivators,
272
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:44,200
And one of the strongest motivators,
273
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:46,720
is the need to mate.
274
00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:58,360
This is a southern right whale.
275
00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:06,560
The white callosities on their head
276
00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:08,000
are as unique as fingerprints.
277
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:08,800
are as unique as fingerprints.
278
00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:10,840
(VOCALISES)
279
00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:16,000
This one is a female.
280
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:17,840
This one is a female.
281
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:28,080
She's travelled thousands of
kilometres from the Southern Ocean,
282
00:20:28,120 --> 00:20:30,600
to Argentina's Valdes Peninsula.
283
00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:37,480
She's not alone.
284
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:46,640
Over 1,500 southern rights
arrive each year in late summer.
285
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:55,680
Calm shallow bays
286
00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:56,000
offer ideal conditions to breed in
287
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:58,880
offer ideal conditions to breed in
288
00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,880
and to nurture newborn babies.
289
00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:09,600
But not every female
is here to give birth.
290
00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:19,120
This one is looking to meet
a wide range of male suitors.
291
00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:28,000
She has no intention of mating
with the first male to approach.
292
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:29,760
She has no intention of mating
with the first male to approach.
293
00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:34,400
Instead, she attracts several males
294
00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:36,000
who have to compete
for her attention.
295
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:36,920
who have to compete
for her attention.
296
00:21:44,760 --> 00:21:46,720
Rolling on her back,
297
00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:49,800
she keeps her genital region
out of reach
298
00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:51,880
until she's ready.
299
00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:58,200
She's looking to test
their agility and stamina.
300
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:07,280
When a strong suitor has jostled
into the closest position...
301
00:22:08,520 --> 00:22:10,760
..she rolls onto her front.
302
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:21,640
This is his chance to mate with her.
303
00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:27,840
But when another male
takes his place...
304
00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:30,920
..she mates with him too,
305
00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:32,000
sometimes repeatedly.
306
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:33,400
sometimes repeatedly.
307
00:22:35,360 --> 00:22:39,840
And the competition for paternity
continues inside her body.
308
00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:00,840
Their one-tonne testicles
309
00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:04,000
produce huge quantities of sperm
310
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:04,160
produce huge quantities of sperm
311
00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:06,600
to displace that of their rivals.
312
00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:12,000
It's all part of her strategy.
313
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:12,960
It's all part of her strategy.
314
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:17,120
Males that mate the most times
315
00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:19,480
and produce the strongest sperm...
316
00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:23,560
..have the best chance
of fathering her next calf.
317
00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:44,000
These waters are also vital
to southern right whales
318
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:46,520
These waters are also vital
to southern right whales
319
00:23:46,560 --> 00:23:48,680
for calving.
320
00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:52,000
But infant mortality
is on the rise here,
321
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,120
But infant mortality
is on the rise here,
322
00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:56,160
and I want to find out why.
323
00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:16,000
Human activity
is transforming the oceans.
324
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:16,960
Human activity
is transforming the oceans.
325
00:24:20,240 --> 00:24:23,040
And whales
are facing the consequences.
326
00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:39,120
In Argentina, calm, shallow waters
327
00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:40,000
used to offer newborn calves
safety from predators...
328
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:42,720
used to offer newborn calves
safety from predators...
329
00:24:44,600 --> 00:24:47,280
..but that is changing.
330
00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:53,120
Just metres from shore, are a
southern right whale mum and calf.
331
00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:59,280
The mother travelled up to 3,000km
332
00:24:59,320 --> 00:25:04,000
to find a safe, quiet place
to give birth and nurture her baby.
333
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:04,040
to find a safe, quiet place
to give birth and nurture her baby.
334
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:20,000
She provides
up to 300 litres of milk a day.
335
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,840
She provides
up to 300 litres of milk a day.
336
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,000
But the peace
of this tranquil hideaway...
337
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:44,760
But the peace
of this tranquil hideaway...
338
00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:49,080
..is being shattered.
339
00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:00,000
Kelp gulls have learned to feed
340
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:00,280
Kelp gulls have learned to feed
341
00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:03,000
on the skin and blubber of whales.
342
00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:16,000
And, as calves need to surface
more frequently to breathe,
343
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:16,360
And, as calves need to surface
more frequently to breathe,
344
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:18,200
they suffer the most.
345
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:36,240
Although it's the gulls
that do the damage...
346
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:40,000
..we've played our part.
347
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:40,280
..we've played our part.
348
00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:45,160
Birds first attracted here by waste,
349
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:47,400
from landfill and fish processing...
350
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,400
..have developed
a taste for whale flesh.
351
00:26:53,440 --> 00:26:56,000
Now the back of almost
every calf carries open wounds.
352
00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:57,600
Now the back of almost
every calf carries open wounds.
353
00:26:57,640 --> 00:26:59,640
(GROANING)
354
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:04,000
Time for resting and feeding
is lost to avoiding gulls,
355
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:08,440
Time for resting and feeding
is lost to avoiding gulls,
356
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:11,560
and calf mortality is on the rise.
357
00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:15,680
Soon these infants must embark
358
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:17,840
on the long migration
to the feeding grounds...
359
00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:20,000
..their mothers came from.
360
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:21,240
..their mothers came from.
361
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:26,400
The most injured
are the least likely to survive.
362
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:43,000
We've come a long way in
our knowledge of whale superhighways.
363
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:46,680
But we need to know more.
364
00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:52,000
Rapidly advancing technology
could help further our understanding.
365
00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:52,760
Rapidly advancing technology
could help further our understanding.
366
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:59,040
A good place to see for myself
is this vital pit stop
367
00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:00,000
for whales in the Atlantic -
the Azores.
368
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,960
for whales in the Atlantic -
the Azores.
369
00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:16,000
This is a social group
of female sperm whales
370
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:16,400
This is a social group
of female sperm whales
371
00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:19,240
with a couple
of youngsters and juveniles.
372
00:28:20,320 --> 00:28:24,000
Their large heads hold a brain
six times the size of a human's.
373
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:24,840
Their large heads hold a brain
six times the size of a human's.
374
00:28:25,680 --> 00:28:28,640
But our knowledge
of how they use it is limited.
375
00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:32,000
But one of the ways that
science is starting to unravel
376
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:35,000
But one of the ways that
science is starting to unravel
377
00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:39,320
the mysteries of the sperm whales'
secret life is using sound.
378
00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:40,000
I have here
a highly directional hydrophone.
379
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,720
I have here
a highly directional hydrophone.
380
00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:46,600
It's essentially a normal hydrophone
381
00:28:46,640 --> 00:28:48,000
welded onto a dog's bowl.
382
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:48,640
welded onto a dog's bowl.
383
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,040
I'm gonna listen out
and see if I can hear anything.
384
00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:00,640
Ah, there! There, there!
385
00:29:00,680 --> 00:29:02,680
(SLOW-TEMPO CLICKING)
386
00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:06,800
(RAPID CLICKING)
387
00:29:11,560 --> 00:29:12,000
So what I'm hearing
is a ticking sound.
388
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:14,640
So what I'm hearing
is a ticking sound.
389
00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:17,600
This is "coda",
which is a kind of dialect,
390
00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:20,000
a language that females use
when they're at the surface.
391
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:20,760
a language that females use
when they're at the surface.
392
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:27,480
These series of clicks
are exchanged in social encounters,
393
00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:28,000
much like people
talking when they meet.
394
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,760
much like people
talking when they meet.
395
00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:31,800
(SLOW—TEMPO CLICKING)
396
00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:36,000
(CLICKING QUICKENS)
397
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:36,280
(CLICKING QUICKENS)
398
00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,080
Some codas are highly variable.
399
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:44,000
But others are more uniform,
400
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,040
But others are more uniform,
401
00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:50,000
a dialect shared
by all whales in the same region.
402
00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:55,440
While we understand the basics,
403
00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:58,760
their full meaning
has always been beyond our grasp.
404
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,640
But now scientists
are using artificial intelligence
405
00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:07,000
to try to decode coda.
406
00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:12,800
The results could transform
our understanding of sperm whales.
407
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:16,000
And one day,
may even enable us to talk to them.
408
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:16,840
And one day,
may even enable us to talk to them.
409
00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:28,320
Elsewhere, other high-tech tools
are shedding light
410
00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:31,000
on whales' long-distance journeys.
411
00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:35,200
Until recently,
412
00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:38,600
tracking devices that give us data
while they're on the move
413
00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:40,000
were fairly limited.
414
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:40,640
were fairly limited.
415
00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,040
Pioneering scientist Dr Iain Kerr,
416
00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:47,320
has made it his mission
to change that.
417
00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:52,360
DR KERR: I've dedicated 32 years
of my life to whales.
418
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:56,000
We developed a system
whereby we actually attach
419
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:56,480
We developed a system
whereby we actually attach
420
00:30:56,520 --> 00:31:00,400
a data and a camera tag
to a whale using a drone.
421
00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:03,760
In Mexico's Sea of Cortez,
422
00:31:03,800 --> 00:31:04,000
he and his team are looking
for the largest whale of all -
423
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:07,680
he and his team are looking
for the largest whale of all -
424
00:31:07,720 --> 00:31:09,440
the blue whale.
425
00:31:09,480 --> 00:31:12,000
So let's come out here, head up
along the inside of the coast
426
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:13,320
So let's come out here, head up
along the inside of the coast
427
00:31:13,360 --> 00:31:16,000
where we can see the blows
against the shoreline.
428
00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:18,280
MAN: Here we can fly the drone,
no problem.Exactly.
429
00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:20,000
(SPEAKING IN SPANISH)
430
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:21,080
(SPEAKING IN SPANISH)
431
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:26,840
Many blue whales
migrate here in winter,
432
00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:28,000
from the northern Pacific Ocean.
433
00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:29,520
from the northern Pacific Ocean.
434
00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:31,240
Oh, hold on.
435
00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:33,280
Over here. Yeah.
There's a whale over here.
436
00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:35,280
Where?
To the right of the island.
437
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:39,920
Alright, the game is on.
438
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:44,000
Iain's technology could help show how
439
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:45,040
Iain's technology could help show how
440
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:49,560
they're reacting to human influences,
like noise and shipping.
441
00:31:51,720 --> 00:31:52,000
Tags like this
are gonna definitively tell us
442
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,520
Tags like this
are gonna definitively tell us
443
00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:58,200
what affects the whale.
444
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:00,000
The tags record a whale's movement
and orientation in the water,
445
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,560
The tags record a whale's movement
and orientation in the water,
446
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:04,600
but that's not all.
447
00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,000
So we've got a heart-rate monitoring
tag on here now,
448
00:32:08,000 --> 00:32:09,040
So we've got a heart-rate monitoring
tag on here now,
449
00:32:09,080 --> 00:32:11,080
which is pretty exciting.
450
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:15,000
They also give information
about the whale's health
451
00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:16,000
while it's swimming.
452
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:17,040
while it's swimming.
453
00:32:20,080 --> 00:32:22,720
It's been done before
but never done with a drone,
454
00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:24,000
so fingers crossed.
455
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:25,120
so fingers crossed.
456
00:32:27,840 --> 00:32:32,000
Using drones reduces the need
to get close to whales with boats.
457
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:32,600
Using drones reduces the need
to get close to whales with boats.
458
00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:45,640
Good job, team.
459
00:32:47,560 --> 00:32:48,000
Heart-rate monitoring tag
is on a whale, deployed by a drone.
460
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:52,080
Heart-rate monitoring tag
is on a whale, deployed by a drone.
461
00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:54,720
First time ever. Alright!
462
00:32:54,760 --> 00:32:56,000
The tag causes no harm
463
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:57,160
The tag causes no harm
464
00:32:57,200 --> 00:33:00,040
and will automatically detach
in several hours.
465
00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:04,000
We collect data in the hope
that we could effect change.
466
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:05,960
We collect data in the hope
that we could effect change.
467
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:08,840
The exciting thing for us now
468
00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:12,000
is to assemble this data
into a picture that makes sense,
469
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:13,440
is to assemble this data
into a picture that makes sense,
470
00:33:13,480 --> 00:33:16,240
not just for understanding
how they live their lives,
471
00:33:16,280 --> 00:33:19,000
but how we can help conserve
these animals.
472
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:27,640
As more whales are tagged...
473
00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:28,000
Tag on. Yay!
WOMAN: Yay!
474
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:30,880
Tag on. Yay!
WOMAN: Yay!
475
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,960
..Iain's getting new insights
into behaviour...
476
00:33:35,640 --> 00:33:36,000
..how whales
are affected by humans...
477
00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:38,280
..how whales
are affected by humans...
478
00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:44,000
..and where and when we should focus
our efforts to protect them.
479
00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:44,240
..and where and when we should focus
our efforts to protect them.
480
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:52,000
To find out more about change,
481
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:52,160
To find out more about change,
482
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:54,680
I've headed north.
483
00:33:54,720 --> 00:33:56,640
The Arctic Ocean
is critically important
484
00:33:56,680 --> 00:33:58,600
for the survival
of many whale species.
485
00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:04,400
With seasonal abundance of everything
from plankton to algae to fish,
486
00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:08,000
drawing in long-distance migrants
from thousands of miles away.
487
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:08,080
drawing in long-distance migrants
from thousands of miles away.
488
00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:13,960
But the Arctic is changing faster due
to climate change than anywhere else.
489
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:16,000
How will this
impact migrating whales?
490
00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:17,520
How will this
impact migrating whales?
491
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:36,080
My journey following
whale superhighways...
492
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,000
..began in the tropics.
493
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:40,200
..began in the tropics.
494
00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:43,800
Now I'm in Norway,
495
00:34:43,840 --> 00:34:46,120
a seasonal destination
496
00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:48,000
for migrating humpbacks
of the North Atlantic.
497
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:49,600
for migrating humpbacks
of the North Atlantic.
498
00:34:50,880 --> 00:34:55,120
These arctic seas
are completely mirror flat,
499
00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:56,000
but out in the fjord, there is
a frenzy of activity taking place.
500
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:59,560
but out in the fjord, there is
a frenzy of activity taking place.
501
00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:01,600
(WHALESONG)
502
00:35:07,720 --> 00:35:10,840
Humpbacks feed
on krill and small fish,
503
00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:12,000
such as herring and capelin.
504
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:13,760
such as herring and capelin.
505
00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:26,400
Darkening the water,
506
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:28,000
shoals can contain
hundreds of millions of fish.
507
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:29,480
shoals can contain
hundreds of millions of fish.
508
00:35:44,240 --> 00:35:47,200
A rich reward at the end
of their long journey...
509
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,000
..10,000 humpbacks come to feast.
510
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:53,480
..10,000 humpbacks come to feast.
511
00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:05,560
While here,
they must store enough energy
512
00:36:05,600 --> 00:36:07,880
to last the next six months.
513
00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:16,000
Having swum thousands of kilometres
to get here,
514
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:16,200
Having swum thousands of kilometres
to get here,
515
00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:18,360
it won't be long
before they'll have to return
516
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:21,120
to breeding and birthing grounds
517
00:36:21,160 --> 00:36:23,440
in Cape Verde and the Caribbean.
518
00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:31,840
To see what state they're in
after the journey,
519
00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:32,000
I need to get nearer.
520
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:33,880
I need to get nearer.
521
00:36:40,360 --> 00:36:44,160
I'm gonna take a paddleboard
and coast in,
522
00:36:44,200 --> 00:36:46,640
and hopefully that
should give us an intimate glimpse
523
00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:48,000
of these animals
resting at the surface.
524
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:48,400
of these animals
resting at the surface.
525
00:36:50,760 --> 00:36:52,520
I have to be really careful
526
00:36:52,560 --> 00:36:55,600
not to disturb them
at this critical time.
527
00:36:56,440 --> 00:36:59,960
So I intend to wait
and see if they come near me.
528
00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:11,880
The spouts are going off
like cannon fire,
529
00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:12,000
one after the other.
530
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:13,800
one after the other.
531
00:37:13,840 --> 00:37:16,840
Their billowy spray just covers you.
532
00:37:20,840 --> 00:37:22,840
Woah!
533
00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:31,760
They're right underneath me!
534
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:36,000
Well, that was much, much closer
535
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:37,920
Well, that was much, much closer
536
00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:40,000
than I expected, or wanted.
537
00:37:45,080 --> 00:37:46,800
Totally overwhelming!
538
00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:52,000
To us, the Arctic Ocean may seem
539
00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:53,160
To us, the Arctic Ocean may seem
540
00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:55,720
so challenging, so brutal,
541
00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:58,520
but to the humpbacks,
this is an oasis.
542
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:08,000
It's truly one of the most
impressive spectacles on our planet.
543
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:11,560
It's truly one of the most
impressive spectacles on our planet.
544
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:23,400
So we're getting towards
the last light of the day,
545
00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:24,000
even though it's no more
than half past one in the afternoon.
546
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,760
even though it's no more
than half past one in the afternoon.
547
00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:32,000
There could be 50,
or even 60 humpbacks here now.
548
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:34,920
There could be 50,
or even 60 humpbacks here now.
549
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:38,680
And they've assembled
around our boat.
550
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:44,440
It's a very rare opportunity.
551
00:38:45,480 --> 00:38:47,200
Don't often get...
552
00:38:47,240 --> 00:38:48,000
this amount of animals
packed in close together like this.
553
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:49,680
this amount of animals
packed in close together like this.
554
00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:56,000
MAN: Jump, guys. All good.
555
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:56,560
MAN: Jump, guys. All good.
556
00:38:56,600 --> 00:38:58,560
All three in the water.
557
00:39:03,920 --> 00:39:04,000
This is one
of the few places on Earth
558
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:06,640
This is one
of the few places on Earth
559
00:39:06,680 --> 00:39:09,120
where I've seen humpbacks
in these numbers.
560
00:39:17,240 --> 00:39:19,400
They look healthy and well-fed...
561
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:24,720
..but Arctic waters
are getting warmer...
562
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,000
..and I want to know
if these whales are being affected.
563
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:30,000
..and I want to know
if these whales are being affected.
564
00:39:32,680 --> 00:39:36,000
Professor of Marine Biology
Audun Rikardsen
565
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:36,720
Professor of Marine Biology
Audun Rikardsen
566
00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:38,720
is investigating this population.
567
00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:42,120
Now we are up to taking biopsies -
568
00:39:42,160 --> 00:39:44,000
skin samples from humpbacks.
569
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:44,600
skin samples from humpbacks.
570
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:50,600
His research gathers a range
of information on individuals.
571
00:39:51,840 --> 00:39:52,000
Then we need to load this.
This is the biopsy,
572
00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:54,240
Then we need to load this.
This is the biopsy,
573
00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:57,960
where we take the skin sample
and also lift some blubber.
574
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:00,000
OK. Go. Go. Go. Go.
575
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:00,200
OK. Go. Go. Go. Go.
576
00:40:04,200 --> 00:40:06,560
That direction. Follow my hand.
577
00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:08,000
Lovely. Follow. Follow.
578
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:08,280
Lovely. Follow. Follow.
579
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:10,320
Yeah, keep that.
580
00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:12,680
Yes. It's there.
581
00:40:12,720 --> 00:40:14,760
The biopsies are harmless...
582
00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:16,000
We got it.
Yeah, we have it. We have it.
583
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:17,720
We got it.
Yeah, we have it. We have it.
584
00:40:17,760 --> 00:40:19,800
..and provide important data.
585
00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:22,000
See here, that's the blubber,
586
00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:24,000
and inside here
is also a piece of skin.
587
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:24,240
and inside here
is also a piece of skin.
588
00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:26,040
This is a good sample.
589
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:32,000
And his samples also reveal the sex
of the humpbacks that migrate here.
590
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:34,320
And his samples also reveal the sex
of the humpbacks that migrate here.
591
00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:38,480
It seems to be
mostly females that are here,
592
00:40:38,520 --> 00:40:40,000
and some of them are pregnant.
593
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:40,520
and some of them are pregnant.
594
00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:48,000
The females need that extra energy
to feed the calves.
595
00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:48,320
The females need that extra energy
to feed the calves.
596
00:40:52,160 --> 00:40:53,840
For pregnant females,
597
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,000
it's vital to fuel up before
heading to their birthing grounds.
598
00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:57,560
it's vital to fuel up before
heading to their birthing grounds.
599
00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:02,800
But according to Audun,
things are changing.
600
00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:09,440
What we see,
when the ocean heats up,
601
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:12,000
we see that several
of these fish species migrate north
602
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:12,640
we see that several
of these fish species migrate north
603
00:41:12,680 --> 00:41:14,720
and they move their spawning areas.
604
00:41:14,760 --> 00:41:17,840
So that means
that the whales have to follow.
605
00:41:17,880 --> 00:41:20,000
And for those
that migrate a long distance,
606
00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:20,080
And for those
that migrate a long distance,
607
00:41:20,120 --> 00:41:22,280
they will have
a longer migratory distance.
608
00:41:23,120 --> 00:41:27,080
Is this something that we are
thinking will happen in the future,
609
00:41:27,120 --> 00:41:28,000
or is that something
that's already happening now?
610
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:29,200
or is that something
that's already happening now?
611
00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:33,320
It's already happening now.
It will have a dramatic effect
on the whales.
612
00:41:37,160 --> 00:41:41,200
The movement of fish stocks is
creating challenging, longer journeys
613
00:41:41,240 --> 00:41:43,400
for these migratory humpbacks.
614
00:41:43,440 --> 00:41:44,000
But they're not the only ones
that rely on the herring.
615
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,480
But they're not the only ones
that rely on the herring.
616
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:50,600
Orca come here, as do we.
617
00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:52,000
And I witness something
I've never seen before.
618
00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:55,800
And I witness something
I've never seen before.
619
00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:00,000
There's a juvenile humpback,
620
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:01,160
There's a juvenile humpback,
621
00:42:01,200 --> 00:42:04,680
which has about 10 orca around it.
622
00:42:09,720 --> 00:42:11,520
It's right below us. Just below us.
623
00:42:11,560 --> 00:42:14,200
It's here. You can see
the underside of the fins.
624
00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:18,240
(VOCALISING)
625
00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:23,200
It's slapping with that giant tail.
626
00:42:24,960 --> 00:42:28,040
That's its biggest defensive weapon.
627
00:42:31,720 --> 00:42:32,000
It's hard to know why
the orca are pursuing the humpbacks.
628
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:34,480
It's hard to know why
the orca are pursuing the humpbacks.
629
00:42:34,520 --> 00:42:37,640
These are supposed to be
fish-feeding orca...
630
00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:40,000
..not focused on mammal prey.
631
00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:41,360
..not focused on mammal prey.
632
00:42:41,400 --> 00:42:42,880
But clearly they've decided
633
00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:45,360
there's something about this humpback
that interests them.
634
00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:48,000
These species compete for food,
635
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:48,880
These species compete for food,
636
00:42:48,920 --> 00:42:51,320
so is this just bullying,
637
00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:55,000
or could the orca be
actively targeting a weak individual?
638
00:42:56,680 --> 00:42:59,240
This has really stepped up a notch,
639
00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:00,920
and they're battering it,
640
00:43:00,960 --> 00:43:03,280
biting its fins and tail.
(HUMPBACK GROANS DEEPLY)
641
00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:07,160
And you can hear its distress.
642
00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:20,000
We don't know if
competition for food will increase,
643
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:20,400
We don't know if
competition for food will increase,
644
00:43:20,440 --> 00:43:23,440
or if we'll see more
of this extraordinary behaviour.
645
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:28,000
We do know, though,
that our Arctic seas are changing
646
00:43:28,000 --> 00:43:30,200
We do know, though,
that our Arctic seas are changing
647
00:43:30,240 --> 00:43:33,200
faster than anywhere else
on our planet,
648
00:43:33,240 --> 00:43:36,000
and the future
certainly holds fresh challenges
649
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:36,120
and the future
certainly holds fresh challenges
650
00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:38,320
for the great nomads of our seas.
651
00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:52,000
Throughout my journey,
652
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:53,200
Throughout my journey,
653
00:43:53,240 --> 00:43:56,880
I've seen the difficulties migrating
whales face on their travels.
654
00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:02,640
Only those completing these voyages
655
00:44:02,680 --> 00:44:05,240
can fulfil all of life's needs.
656
00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:08,000
From finding food...
657
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:09,600
From finding food...
658
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:12,760
..to mating...
659
00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:15,760
..and raising their young.
660
00:44:17,160 --> 00:44:20,480
Just as we start to understand
the use of superhighways,
661
00:44:20,520 --> 00:44:22,760
they're being rewritten
by our changing planet.
662
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:28,680
But if we can protect both their
highways and their destinations...
663
00:44:29,480 --> 00:44:32,000
..and if we can keep ocean
temperatures within safe limits...
664
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:32,800
..and if we can keep ocean
temperatures within safe limits...
665
00:44:36,160 --> 00:44:39,480
..we'll afford whales
a fighting chance...
666
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:42,800
..and secure their future
for generations to come.
667
00:44:59,200 --> 00:45:02,600
Of all the ocean voyagers
we set out to film,
668
00:45:02,640 --> 00:45:04,000
we knew one
would be the hardest to get.
669
00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:05,320
we knew one
would be the hardest to get.
670
00:45:07,160 --> 00:45:10,320
Pregnant humpbacks travel
thousands of kilometres to give birth
671
00:45:10,360 --> 00:45:12,000
in the tropical waters of Tahiti.
672
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:12,520
in the tropical waters of Tahiti.
673
00:45:16,120 --> 00:45:20,000
But filming the intimate relationship
between a mother and her newborn calf
674
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:20,760
But filming the intimate relationship
between a mother and her newborn calf
675
00:45:20,800 --> 00:45:22,960
required the utmost sensitivity.
676
00:45:24,640 --> 00:45:26,560
There's lots of whales out there,
677
00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:28,000
but the majority of them
are not gonna be interested in you,
678
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:30,440
but the majority of them
are not gonna be interested in you,
679
00:45:30,480 --> 00:45:33,840
so finding the right one
is what it's all about.
680
00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:36,000
Even then, you can't
just jump in and swim up to them.
681
00:45:36,000 --> 00:45:39,160
Even then, you can't
just jump in and swim up to them.
682
00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:43,640
Any splash or strange noise
could be startling.
683
00:45:43,680 --> 00:45:44,000
To capture them on camera,
you need to win their confidence
684
00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:47,480
To capture them on camera,
you need to win their confidence
685
00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:49,880
and wait for them to come to you.
686
00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:52,000
Mother and cub just came up right
in between us and our support boat.
687
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,120
Mother and cub just came up right
in between us and our support boat.
688
00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:58,680
Whale expert and camera operator
Denis LaGrange
689
00:45:58,720 --> 00:46:00,000
was our guide
to choosing the right whales.
690
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:01,440
was our guide
to choosing the right whales.
691
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,960
What do you think, Denis,
shall we get in?
692
00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:07,280
DENIS: I think maybe
we should try a drop.
693
00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:08,000
You think?
Yeah. Let's go.
694
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:10,320
You think?
Yeah. Let's go.
695
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:20,200
But when we got in the water,
696
00:46:20,240 --> 00:46:22,240
they weren't interested in us.
697
00:46:25,880 --> 00:46:29,520
We headed over, the calf
was playing on the surface...
698
00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:32,000
..but, um, the mum came up...
699
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:32,560
..but, um, the mum came up...
700
00:46:32,600 --> 00:46:35,360
(WHALESONG) ..just as we got there
and took it away.
701
00:46:35,400 --> 00:46:38,080
A tantalising taste of what could be
702
00:46:38,120 --> 00:46:40,000
for camera operator Rob Taylor.
703
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:40,400
for camera operator Rob Taylor.
704
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:43,680
ROB: It's the first time
we've been in with a calf,
705
00:46:43,720 --> 00:46:45,840
and they've just came up slowly
in between us,
706
00:46:45,880 --> 00:46:47,960
had a breath
and just slowly moved away.
707
00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:52,040
It was amazing.
708
00:46:54,160 --> 00:46:56,000
For the next six days,
we scoured 100km of coastline
709
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:58,720
For the next six days,
we scoured 100km of coastline
710
00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:01,240
looking for a mum and calf
711
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:03,240
that were comfortable in our company.
712
00:47:07,240 --> 00:47:11,320
We were just too late.
Just too late.
713
00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:12,000
But though
we had fleeting encounters...
714
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:13,680
But though
we had fleeting encounters...
715
00:47:13,720 --> 00:47:15,520
They were not stable.
716
00:47:15,560 --> 00:47:19,280
They move as soon
as we get into the water. Yeah.
717
00:47:20,520 --> 00:47:23,920
..the whales never stayed long enough
to give us what we needed...
718
00:47:24,920 --> 00:47:27,480
This is getting tricky.
719
00:47:27,520 --> 00:47:28,000
..and time was running out.
720
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:29,680
..and time was running out.
721
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:35,440
We're on Day 6,
and we still haven't had...
722
00:47:35,480 --> 00:47:36,000
a decent encounter.
723
00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:37,720
a decent encounter.
724
00:47:38,520 --> 00:47:42,000
So we just keep hoping that
we're gonna get that one individual
725
00:47:42,040 --> 00:47:44,000
as interested in us
as we are in them.
726
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:44,120
as interested in us
as we are in them.
727
00:47:45,680 --> 00:47:48,600
No one wanted to admit
it might not happen.
728
00:47:56,280 --> 00:47:58,880
As we head out on our last morning,
729
00:47:58,920 --> 00:48:00,000
suddenly a mother and calf
730
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:01,280
suddenly a mother and calf
731
00:48:01,320 --> 00:48:03,920
appear just 100m from the harbour.
732
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:08,000
A pair of whales just popped up
right alongside the boat,
733
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:08,680
A pair of whales just popped up
right alongside the boat,
734
00:48:08,720 --> 00:48:11,240
and I do mean
right alongside the boat.
735
00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:15,280
Everything now rides on the decision
about when to enter the water.
736
00:48:20,120 --> 00:48:22,400
In this situation,
as much as your heart's racing,
737
00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:24,000
and you're dying to jump in and start
swimming, it pays to be patient.
738
00:48:24,000 --> 00:48:26,080
and you're dying to jump in and start
swimming, it pays to be patient.
739
00:48:26,120 --> 00:48:28,600
It's your call, Denis.
You know them better than we do.
740
00:48:28,640 --> 00:48:30,640
I don't know them personally.
741
00:48:30,680 --> 00:48:32,000
(LAUGHTER)
I am sorry, Steve.
742
00:48:32,000 --> 00:48:34,080
(LAUGHTER)
I am sorry, Steve.
743
00:48:35,440 --> 00:48:38,480
I think we should give one more try.
744
00:48:40,680 --> 00:48:44,400
Cautiously, we slip into the water.
745
00:48:48,760 --> 00:48:50,760
(WHALESONG)
746
00:48:53,440 --> 00:48:56,000
The calf is fascinated with us.
747
00:48:56,000 --> 00:48:56,360
The calf is fascinated with us.
748
00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:04,000
It comes right up to the team
749
00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:04,720
It comes right up to the team
750
00:49:04,760 --> 00:49:06,880
and begins to twirl playfully.
751
00:49:12,360 --> 00:49:14,720
It's the encounter of a lifetime,
752
00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:17,840
and Denis and Rob
finally get the shots
753
00:49:17,880 --> 00:49:19,800
wildlife camera teams dream about.
754
00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:23,160
That was unbelievable!
755
00:49:23,200 --> 00:49:25,040
That was so close.
756
00:49:25,080 --> 00:49:28,000
Enabling us to tell the story
of these incredible voyagers,
757
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:29,680
Enabling us to tell the story
of these incredible voyagers,
758
00:49:29,720 --> 00:49:32,360
and why they travel so far
to come here.
759
00:49:33,560 --> 00:49:36,000
As a human, you're going,
"This is amazing."
760
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:36,040
As a human, you're going,
"This is amazing."
761
00:49:36,080 --> 00:49:38,680
And as a cameraperson,
you're going, "Is it recording?
762
00:49:38,720 --> 00:49:41,200
Is it in focus? Is it exposed right?
Is Steve in the shot?"
763
00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:44,000
The mother decides the encounter,
you know. We didn't decide.
764
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:46,680
The mother decides the encounter,
you know. We didn't decide.
765
00:49:48,280 --> 00:49:50,480
I am so proud of the team.
766
00:49:50,520 --> 00:49:52,000
You know we've really stuck at this.
767
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:53,600
You know we've really stuck at this.
768
00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:57,480
Ten days we've been doing this,
and we've just waited
769
00:49:57,520 --> 00:50:00,000
for the right moment
and the right whale. Didn't push it.
770
00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:00,040
for the right moment
and the right whale. Didn't push it.
771
00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:04,880
And it's all paid off.
772
00:50:10,840 --> 00:50:12,840
(VOCALISES)
773
00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:16,000
AccessibleCustomerService@sky.uk
774
00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:18,000
AccessibleCustomerService@sky.uk
61916
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.
Afrikaans
Akan
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bemba
Bengali
Bihari
Bosnian
Breton
Bulgarian
Cambodian
Catalan
Cebuano
Cherokee
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Esperanto
Estonian
Faroese
Finnish
Galician
Georgian
German
Guarani
Haitian Creole
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hmong
Hungarian
Icelandic
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Kazakh
Kinyarwanda
Kirundi
Kongo
Korean
Krio (Sierra Leone)
Kurdish
Kyrgyz
Laothian
Latin
Latvian
Lithuanian
Luganda
Luo
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Maltese
Maori
Mauritian Creole
Moldavian
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Montenegrin
Nepali
Norwegian
Pashto
Persian
Polish
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Portugal)
Quechua
Romanian
Romansh
Russian
Samoan
Scots Gaelic
Serbian
Sesotho
Setswana
Seychellois Creole
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Swedish
Tajik
Thai
Tigrinya
Tonga
Turkish
Turkmen
Ukrainian
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Welsh
Wolof