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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,206 --> 00:00:09,675 ♪♪ 2 00:00:09,677 --> 00:00:12,144 narrator: The frozen body of a legendary climber 3 00:00:12,146 --> 00:00:14,279 found on mount everest. 4 00:00:14,281 --> 00:00:15,948 Rose: He didn't pass out. 5 00:00:15,950 --> 00:00:18,717 The rope around his waist was severed. 6 00:00:18,719 --> 00:00:21,420 Something else happened to him. 7 00:00:21,422 --> 00:00:23,789 Bellinger: When he fell, was he on his way up 8 00:00:23,791 --> 00:00:25,958 or on his way back down? 9 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:30,229 The answer to that question could be monumental. 10 00:00:30,231 --> 00:00:32,664 Narrator: A strange building in the middle of the ice cap 11 00:00:32,666 --> 00:00:35,000 lies deserted. 12 00:00:35,002 --> 00:00:37,002 O'keefe: Food lays on the shelves. 13 00:00:37,004 --> 00:00:39,271 Full beer bottles line the bar. 14 00:00:39,273 --> 00:00:42,241 Magazines sit open on the tables. 15 00:00:42,243 --> 00:00:45,110 Macferrin: It really makes you wonder, why did the people who were here 16 00:00:45,112 --> 00:00:49,448 have to leave this building so quickly? 17 00:00:49,450 --> 00:00:54,453 Narrator: And a zombie virus comes back from its icy grave. 18 00:00:54,455 --> 00:00:56,155 Irving: So with a discovery like this, 19 00:00:56,157 --> 00:01:00,125 your mind immediately goes to the worst-case scenario. 20 00:01:00,127 --> 00:01:02,895 It begs the question, what else might be out there 21 00:01:02,897 --> 00:01:04,830 that we don't know about? 22 00:01:04,832 --> 00:01:09,401 ♪♪ 23 00:01:09,403 --> 00:01:12,004 narrator: These are the strangest mysteries, 24 00:01:12,006 --> 00:01:15,808 trapped in the coldest places. 25 00:01:15,810 --> 00:01:18,977 Lost relics, 26 00:01:18,979 --> 00:01:21,447 forgotten treasures, 27 00:01:21,449 --> 00:01:23,949 dark secrets, 28 00:01:23,951 --> 00:01:27,686 locked in their icy tombs for ages. 29 00:01:27,688 --> 00:01:31,857 But now as ice melts around the world, 30 00:01:31,859 --> 00:01:35,327 their stories will finally be exposed. 31 00:01:35,329 --> 00:01:38,330 -- Captions by vitac -- www.Vitac.Com 32 00:01:38,332 --> 00:01:41,300 captions paid for by discovery communications 33 00:01:41,302 --> 00:01:45,504 [ wind whistling ] 34 00:01:45,506 --> 00:01:53,078 ♪♪ 35 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:56,915 over 26,000 feet above sea level, 36 00:01:56,917 --> 00:02:02,121 a shocking discovery might mean rewriting the history books. 37 00:02:02,123 --> 00:02:05,657 Rose: It's the top of the world, freezing cold, 38 00:02:05,659 --> 00:02:08,994 and utterly breathtaking. 39 00:02:08,996 --> 00:02:11,830 Narrator: Lying between nepal and tibet, 40 00:02:11,832 --> 00:02:15,767 mount everest attracts roughly 800 climbers every year 41 00:02:15,769 --> 00:02:19,605 hoping to conquer the peak. 42 00:02:19,607 --> 00:02:24,176 Rose: With temperatures that can drop to minus-76 degrees fahrenheit, 43 00:02:24,178 --> 00:02:27,446 a thin atmosphere, avalanches, 44 00:02:27,448 --> 00:02:30,883 and the risk of falling to your death around every corner... 45 00:02:30,885 --> 00:02:34,253 ♪♪ 46 00:02:34,255 --> 00:02:37,890 ...Why would any sane person want to climb that? 47 00:02:37,892 --> 00:02:44,363 ♪♪ 48 00:02:44,365 --> 00:02:48,000 around 2,000 feet from the summit, expert climbers 49 00:02:48,002 --> 00:02:50,435 come across a startling discovery... 50 00:02:50,437 --> 00:02:52,437 ♪♪ 51 00:02:52,439 --> 00:02:55,340 ...A mummified corpse. 52 00:02:55,342 --> 00:02:58,076 You've climbed as far away from human civilization 53 00:02:58,078 --> 00:03:02,080 as you possibly can, and you look over and see a body. 54 00:03:02,082 --> 00:03:04,983 ♪♪ 55 00:03:04,985 --> 00:03:06,718 narrator: Upon closer inspection, 56 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:08,587 the body is equipped with climbing gear 57 00:03:08,589 --> 00:03:12,291 from what looks like the 1920s. 58 00:03:12,293 --> 00:03:16,728 There's no nylon ropes, no thermal materials. 59 00:03:16,730 --> 00:03:21,166 This guy was dressed in wool, cotton, and silk. 60 00:03:21,168 --> 00:03:26,505 Narrator: It leaves little doubt this body is very old. 61 00:03:26,507 --> 00:03:28,774 Could these be the long-lost remains 62 00:03:28,776 --> 00:03:33,045 of the infamous mountaineer george mallory? 63 00:03:33,047 --> 00:03:36,515 That's the right era for the mallory-irvine expedition. 64 00:03:36,517 --> 00:03:39,318 But a lot of people have died on everest. 65 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:42,020 Bodies have been found all over the mountain. 66 00:03:42,022 --> 00:03:48,594 ♪♪ 67 00:03:48,596 --> 00:03:51,697 narrator: Englishman george mallory was one of the very first climbers 68 00:03:51,699 --> 00:03:55,200 to attempt to summit mount everest in 1921. 69 00:03:55,202 --> 00:03:57,736 ♪♪ 70 00:03:57,738 --> 00:04:00,872 he tried three times in two years, 71 00:04:00,874 --> 00:04:03,909 but with no success. 72 00:04:03,911 --> 00:04:08,947 But his tenacity captured the media's imagination. 73 00:04:08,949 --> 00:04:12,818 He was once asked what made him want to climb everest, 74 00:04:12,820 --> 00:04:14,953 to which he uttered the three most famous words 75 00:04:14,955 --> 00:04:18,090 in mountaineering, "because it's there." 76 00:04:18,092 --> 00:04:20,659 ♪♪ 77 00:04:20,661 --> 00:04:22,961 on June 8, 1924, 78 00:04:22,963 --> 00:04:25,063 mallory set out from their final camp 79 00:04:25,065 --> 00:04:26,999 on his fourth and final summit attempt 80 00:04:27,001 --> 00:04:31,003 with his climbing partner, andrew irvine. 81 00:04:31,005 --> 00:04:35,173 Rose: The pair were last seen 800 feet below the peak. 82 00:04:35,175 --> 00:04:38,210 And after that... 83 00:04:38,212 --> 00:04:40,379 They were never seen again. 84 00:04:40,381 --> 00:04:45,484 ♪♪ 85 00:04:45,486 --> 00:04:47,886 narrator: Speculation about what happened to him 86 00:04:47,888 --> 00:04:51,690 has plagued the climbing world ever since. 87 00:04:51,692 --> 00:04:55,794 Could his remains have finally surfaced after all these years? 88 00:04:55,796 --> 00:04:57,896 ♪♪ 89 00:04:57,898 --> 00:05:02,567 expedition members examine the body looking for clues 90 00:05:02,569 --> 00:05:07,372 due to the cold, thin atmosphere, it's well preserved. 91 00:05:07,374 --> 00:05:09,908 He's lying face-down, and they note 92 00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:13,478 that he still has his climbing rope around his waist. 93 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:16,448 ♪♪ 94 00:05:16,450 --> 00:05:21,987 then they find the smoking gun they've been looking for. 95 00:05:21,989 --> 00:05:25,557 Inside the preserved clothes of the mysterious climber, 96 00:05:25,559 --> 00:05:30,195 they find a label, and it reads... 97 00:05:30,197 --> 00:05:33,332 George mallory. 98 00:05:33,334 --> 00:05:35,167 It's definitive. 99 00:05:35,169 --> 00:05:40,205 It took 75 years to find mallory's remains. 100 00:05:40,207 --> 00:05:43,909 And they were found so close to the top of the mountain. 101 00:05:43,911 --> 00:05:46,411 ♪♪ 102 00:05:46,413 --> 00:05:49,414 what exactly happened to george mallory? 103 00:05:49,416 --> 00:05:52,584 ♪♪ 104 00:05:52,586 --> 00:05:56,321 the answer to that question could be monumental. 105 00:05:56,323 --> 00:05:58,724 ♪♪ 106 00:05:58,726 --> 00:06:03,695 narrator: There's a name for the highest part of everest -- 107 00:06:03,697 --> 00:06:05,297 the death zone. 108 00:06:05,299 --> 00:06:08,066 ♪♪ 109 00:06:08,068 --> 00:06:11,203 up here, oxygen is so limited, 110 00:06:11,205 --> 00:06:13,872 your body's cells start to die. 111 00:06:13,874 --> 00:06:16,141 ♪♪ 112 00:06:16,143 --> 00:06:18,176 judgment becomes impaired. 113 00:06:18,178 --> 00:06:20,479 ♪♪ 114 00:06:20,481 --> 00:06:23,248 you can experience severe altitude sickness, 115 00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:27,352 strokes, or even heart attacks. 116 00:06:27,354 --> 00:06:30,188 Did mallory die from lack of oxygen 117 00:06:30,190 --> 00:06:32,858 before reaching the top of the mountain? 118 00:06:32,860 --> 00:06:37,562 ♪♪ 119 00:06:37,564 --> 00:06:40,031 billson: Mallory was an expert climber 120 00:06:40,033 --> 00:06:42,401 and was on the very first british expedition 121 00:06:42,403 --> 00:06:45,003 to the mountain in 1921. 122 00:06:45,005 --> 00:06:47,272 ♪♪ 123 00:06:47,274 --> 00:06:50,675 he was well aware of the risks at that high altitude. 124 00:06:50,677 --> 00:06:53,211 ♪♪ 125 00:06:53,213 --> 00:06:55,647 narrator: But even experienced climbers can succumb 126 00:06:55,649 --> 00:06:58,216 to the tallest mountain in the world. 127 00:06:58,218 --> 00:07:02,187 ♪♪ 128 00:07:02,189 --> 00:07:06,258 avalanches are frequent on everest. 129 00:07:06,260 --> 00:07:09,361 Could mallory have been caught in a fatal slide? 130 00:07:09,363 --> 00:07:17,068 ♪♪ 131 00:07:17,070 --> 00:07:20,005 most victims of avalanches survive the slide, 132 00:07:20,007 --> 00:07:22,908 but die of suffocation. 133 00:07:22,910 --> 00:07:26,111 They are literally buried alive. 134 00:07:26,113 --> 00:07:29,614 But even under the mass of snow in the dark, 135 00:07:29,616 --> 00:07:33,185 struggling to stay conscious, you dig, thrash, 136 00:07:33,187 --> 00:07:36,488 fight, flail, anything to get free. 137 00:07:36,490 --> 00:07:39,558 Mallory was lying flat, face-down, 138 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:41,993 almost calm. 139 00:07:41,995 --> 00:07:46,965 There is no sign of struggle, digging, or asphyxiation. 140 00:07:46,967 --> 00:07:49,100 This wasn't an avalanche. 141 00:07:49,102 --> 00:07:51,770 ♪♪ 142 00:07:51,772 --> 00:07:53,772 narrator: Altitude can cause another risk 143 00:07:53,774 --> 00:07:57,476 beyond lack of oxygen and the cold. 144 00:07:57,478 --> 00:07:59,578 We're talking about mountain climbing here. 145 00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:03,081 Falling is clearly a very common way to die. 146 00:08:03,083 --> 00:08:06,017 ♪♪ 147 00:08:06,019 --> 00:08:08,253 narrator: Mallory and irvine would have been tied together 148 00:08:08,255 --> 00:08:11,890 by a rope around the waist as a safety measure. 149 00:08:11,892 --> 00:08:15,393 That way, if one falls, the other will catch him. 150 00:08:15,395 --> 00:08:20,765 ♪♪ 151 00:08:20,767 --> 00:08:24,102 mallory's body does show a serious rope-jerk injury 152 00:08:24,104 --> 00:08:26,938 around the waist, and his leg was fractured, 153 00:08:26,940 --> 00:08:29,140 both indications of a fall. 154 00:08:29,142 --> 00:08:33,011 ♪♪ 155 00:08:33,013 --> 00:08:35,780 but one thing just doesn't add up -- 156 00:08:35,782 --> 00:08:38,884 an odd puncture wound on mallory's forehead. 157 00:08:38,886 --> 00:08:41,152 ♪♪ 158 00:08:41,154 --> 00:08:43,722 it's very unlikely that a wound like that 159 00:08:43,724 --> 00:08:47,459 was caused by a rock or a fall. 160 00:08:47,461 --> 00:08:51,730 Narrator: So what caused this wound? 161 00:08:51,732 --> 00:08:53,532 Rose: The wound looks like it could have been caused 162 00:08:53,534 --> 00:08:55,166 by the head of an ice ax. 163 00:08:55,168 --> 00:08:56,801 So, if a climber's falling, 164 00:08:56,803 --> 00:08:59,271 they could use their ice ax to slow the descent. 165 00:08:59,273 --> 00:09:01,740 But if they hit a rock, it would deflect back 166 00:09:01,742 --> 00:09:05,944 and then, whack, hit him right in the head. 167 00:09:05,946 --> 00:09:09,247 Mallory's ice ax was never found, 168 00:09:09,249 --> 00:09:11,783 but his climbing partner's was. 169 00:09:11,785 --> 00:09:13,952 Irvine's ice ax was found farther up 170 00:09:13,954 --> 00:09:15,720 than mallory's body... 171 00:09:15,722 --> 00:09:18,757 ♪♪ 172 00:09:18,759 --> 00:09:21,760 ...Implying the two men could have been even higher 173 00:09:21,762 --> 00:09:23,461 when they fell. 174 00:09:23,463 --> 00:09:25,830 ♪♪ 175 00:09:25,832 --> 00:09:28,767 when he fell, was he on his way up 176 00:09:28,769 --> 00:09:31,736 or on his way back down? 177 00:09:31,738 --> 00:09:34,372 Narrator: If researchers can answer this question, 178 00:09:34,374 --> 00:09:35,840 it could settle a controversy 179 00:09:35,842 --> 00:09:40,912 that has dominated the climbing world for almost a century. 180 00:09:40,914 --> 00:09:46,885 In 1953, 29 years after george mallory went missing, 181 00:09:46,887 --> 00:09:49,120 another pair of climbers were officially credited 182 00:09:49,122 --> 00:09:52,357 with being the first to summit everest -- 183 00:09:52,359 --> 00:09:56,328 sir edmund hillary, and his sherpa, tenzing norgay. 184 00:09:56,330 --> 00:09:58,396 ♪♪ 185 00:09:58,398 --> 00:10:00,732 could it be that mallory made it to the top 186 00:10:00,734 --> 00:10:03,902 almost three decades before hillary? 187 00:10:03,904 --> 00:10:06,071 ♪♪ 188 00:10:06,073 --> 00:10:08,540 bellinger: We might have to rewrite the history books 189 00:10:08,542 --> 00:10:11,676 on who conquered everest first. 190 00:10:19,686 --> 00:10:27,525 ♪♪ 191 00:10:27,527 --> 00:10:29,961 narrator: Expedition members are searching for evidence 192 00:10:29,963 --> 00:10:32,731 that may prove george mallory was the first person 193 00:10:32,733 --> 00:10:36,067 to summit everest and not sir edmund hillary. 194 00:10:36,069 --> 00:10:38,370 ♪♪ 195 00:10:38,372 --> 00:10:40,438 the team turns to mallory's family members 196 00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:42,173 for more information, 197 00:10:42,175 --> 00:10:46,378 and they immediately reveal another clue. 198 00:10:46,380 --> 00:10:48,380 Billson: According to mallory's daughter, 199 00:10:48,382 --> 00:10:51,082 her father always carried a picture of his wife, 200 00:10:51,084 --> 00:10:53,551 which he intended to leave at the top of everest 201 00:10:53,553 --> 00:10:56,821 after he'd reached the summit. 202 00:10:56,823 --> 00:11:00,692 Rose: The body was in pristine condition. 203 00:11:00,694 --> 00:11:03,428 He even had his wallet with a letter and a receipt 204 00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:06,831 from a climbing outfitter, but no photo. 205 00:11:06,833 --> 00:11:08,900 ♪♪ 206 00:11:08,902 --> 00:11:11,536 bellinger: Where's the photo? 207 00:11:11,538 --> 00:11:15,140 Was george mallory true to his word? 208 00:11:15,142 --> 00:11:19,377 Did he leave the photo of his wife at the top of everest? 209 00:11:19,379 --> 00:11:21,513 ♪♪ 210 00:11:21,515 --> 00:11:24,716 narrator: They don't find the photo, but during the search, 211 00:11:24,718 --> 00:11:29,154 someone notices something very odd. 212 00:11:29,156 --> 00:11:31,122 Mallory wasn't wearing his goggles, 213 00:11:31,124 --> 00:11:34,459 and they weren't around his neck. 214 00:11:34,461 --> 00:11:37,095 Narrator: No climber would ever attempt to summit mount everest 215 00:11:37,097 --> 00:11:39,864 without goggles, 216 00:11:39,866 --> 00:11:44,035 even back in 1924. 217 00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:48,306 Sun glaring off the snow and ice can cause snow blindness, 218 00:11:48,308 --> 00:11:51,309 which can be lethal at this altitude. 219 00:11:51,311 --> 00:11:53,678 Just days before mallory made his ascent, 220 00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:55,346 another climber was blinded 221 00:11:55,348 --> 00:11:58,083 because he wasn't wearing goggles. 222 00:11:58,085 --> 00:12:00,652 There is no way that mallory would have been ascending 223 00:12:00,654 --> 00:12:03,088 without wearing his goggles. 224 00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:08,626 ♪♪ 225 00:12:08,628 --> 00:12:10,328 narrator: After a thorough search, 226 00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:13,064 the team eventually find his goggles 227 00:12:13,066 --> 00:12:17,102 buried deep in one of his pockets. 228 00:12:17,104 --> 00:12:19,437 Why wasn't he wearing them? 229 00:12:19,439 --> 00:12:21,606 ♪♪ 230 00:12:21,608 --> 00:12:25,610 rose: The most convincing reason is if it was after dark 231 00:12:25,612 --> 00:12:30,148 and he was already on his way back down the mountain. 232 00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:31,916 Bellinger: But if he was coming down, 233 00:12:31,918 --> 00:12:35,587 then coming down from where? 234 00:12:35,589 --> 00:12:37,789 Did mallory make it all the way to the top, 235 00:12:37,791 --> 00:12:43,428 or did he turn back just a few hundred feet before his goal? 236 00:12:43,430 --> 00:12:47,932 Narrator: Mallory left on his expedition with a camera in his kit. 237 00:12:47,934 --> 00:12:50,001 If the camera can be located, 238 00:12:50,003 --> 00:12:52,337 it could provide evidence to settle the question 239 00:12:52,339 --> 00:12:57,475 of whether he made it to the top once and for all. 240 00:12:57,477 --> 00:13:00,044 You wouldn't carry a camera all that way 241 00:13:00,046 --> 00:13:04,249 and not take a photo on top of the mountain. 242 00:13:04,251 --> 00:13:07,085 Billson: With the temperature up there always below zero, 243 00:13:07,087 --> 00:13:10,421 there's a really strong chance to film inside the camera 244 00:13:10,423 --> 00:13:13,391 would be preserved, as well. 245 00:13:13,393 --> 00:13:16,494 Rose: If we could only develop that last roll of film, 246 00:13:16,496 --> 00:13:20,431 maybe we could see if mallory reached the top. 247 00:13:20,433 --> 00:13:25,203 Photographic evidence would be definitive proof. 248 00:13:25,205 --> 00:13:27,906 But where is that camera? 249 00:13:27,908 --> 00:13:31,976 ♪♪ 250 00:13:31,978 --> 00:13:34,746 bellinger: His body was undisturbed. 251 00:13:34,748 --> 00:13:37,949 He had his wallet. He had his altimeter. 252 00:13:37,951 --> 00:13:40,185 He had his goggles. 253 00:13:40,187 --> 00:13:42,387 The camera must be out there. 254 00:13:42,389 --> 00:13:45,657 We just haven't found it. 255 00:13:45,659 --> 00:13:48,293 Narrator: Without it, there's no way to know for sure 256 00:13:48,295 --> 00:13:50,762 if mallory made it to the top. 257 00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:53,731 ♪♪ 258 00:13:53,733 --> 00:13:55,667 wolf: If mallory didn't make it to the top, 259 00:13:55,669 --> 00:13:59,470 he was at least close enough to see it. 260 00:13:59,472 --> 00:14:03,875 Either way, it's an astounding accomplishment. 261 00:14:03,877 --> 00:14:06,211 Narrator: Lost somewhere just below the peak 262 00:14:06,213 --> 00:14:08,680 of the highest mountain on the planet 263 00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:11,449 lies a camera that could contain a photograph 264 00:14:11,451 --> 00:14:14,118 that could rewrite history. 265 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:19,924 But that secret still remains buried somewhere in the ice. 266 00:14:19,926 --> 00:14:25,263 ♪♪ 267 00:14:25,265 --> 00:14:30,535 ♪♪ 268 00:14:30,537 --> 00:14:34,939 in the uninhabited subzero environment of greenland, 269 00:14:34,941 --> 00:14:37,709 rising out of the ice and snow, 270 00:14:37,711 --> 00:14:41,946 an unusual building lays abandoned. 271 00:14:41,948 --> 00:14:45,617 Somara: This is a really strange structure. 272 00:14:45,619 --> 00:14:48,052 It's all made of steel. 273 00:14:48,054 --> 00:14:50,121 It has a giant sphere on top 274 00:14:50,123 --> 00:14:53,157 and similar round features on its sides. 275 00:14:53,159 --> 00:14:57,662 ♪♪ 276 00:14:57,664 --> 00:14:59,631 macferrin: To see this huge building 277 00:14:59,633 --> 00:15:02,200 sticking out in the middle of a vast white ice sheet, 278 00:15:02,202 --> 00:15:03,534 it really reminds you 279 00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:08,139 of a supervillain base from a james bond movie. 280 00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:11,609 Inside is even stranger. 281 00:15:11,611 --> 00:15:14,679 Food lays on the shelves. 282 00:15:14,681 --> 00:15:16,981 Full beer bottles line the bar. 283 00:15:16,983 --> 00:15:18,983 ♪♪ 284 00:15:18,985 --> 00:15:24,088 magazines sit open on the tables as if they were being read. 285 00:15:24,090 --> 00:15:26,024 The place was abandoned so fast 286 00:15:26,026 --> 00:15:30,094 that they left eggs on the counter. 287 00:15:30,096 --> 00:15:33,731 People didn't just leave this place. They fled. 288 00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:35,700 ♪♪ 289 00:15:35,702 --> 00:15:38,636 it really makes you wonder, why did the people who were here 290 00:15:38,638 --> 00:15:42,173 have to leave this building so quickly? 291 00:15:42,175 --> 00:15:46,811 Narrator: This is a dew line station, short for distant early warning, 292 00:15:46,813 --> 00:15:50,281 one of a series of far north radar stations. 293 00:15:50,283 --> 00:15:54,285 ♪♪ 294 00:15:54,287 --> 00:15:57,488 during the cold war, threat of nuclear retaliation 295 00:15:57,490 --> 00:16:02,260 maintained an uneasy balance between the usa and ussr. 296 00:16:02,262 --> 00:16:06,497 ♪♪ 297 00:16:06,499 --> 00:16:07,932 both countries feared 298 00:16:07,934 --> 00:16:11,135 that the other would launch their nuclear missiles first, 299 00:16:11,137 --> 00:16:13,371 wiping out their defenses. 300 00:16:13,373 --> 00:16:21,379 ♪♪ 301 00:16:21,381 --> 00:16:23,114 the dew line was america's attempt 302 00:16:23,116 --> 00:16:26,617 to thwart a first nuclear strike 303 00:16:26,619 --> 00:16:29,620 which would have been delivered by russian bombers. 304 00:16:29,622 --> 00:16:35,193 ♪♪ 305 00:16:35,195 --> 00:16:37,462 macferrin: The main purpose of the station was to monitor 306 00:16:37,464 --> 00:16:39,163 for incoming aircraft or missiles 307 00:16:39,165 --> 00:16:41,499 that might come over the poles from russia. 308 00:16:41,501 --> 00:16:44,635 ♪♪ 309 00:16:44,637 --> 00:16:46,904 they also listened for radio transmissions 310 00:16:46,906 --> 00:16:49,741 that they might be able to intercept from the enemy. 311 00:16:49,743 --> 00:16:54,312 ♪♪ 312 00:16:54,314 --> 00:16:57,682 narrator: The dew line consisted of more than 60 radar stations 313 00:16:57,684 --> 00:17:01,219 stretching across the top part of the north american continent, 314 00:17:01,221 --> 00:17:04,522 from alaska to greenland, 315 00:17:04,524 --> 00:17:08,760 some of them fully manned with military personnel, 316 00:17:08,762 --> 00:17:11,729 ready to respond at a moment's notice. 317 00:17:11,731 --> 00:17:14,732 ♪♪ 318 00:17:14,734 --> 00:17:17,368 so what could have happened here that would have caused 319 00:17:17,370 --> 00:17:21,339 these soldiers to flee before even finishing their meals? 320 00:17:21,341 --> 00:17:27,078 ♪♪ 321 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:30,348 for the most part, the structure is in great shape. 322 00:17:30,350 --> 00:17:32,016 If you've got the power up and running, 323 00:17:32,018 --> 00:17:33,618 and some heat in there, 324 00:17:33,620 --> 00:17:36,320 you could easily move back into the base. 325 00:17:36,322 --> 00:17:38,623 ♪♪ 326 00:17:38,625 --> 00:17:41,459 narrator: There is one room that appears to have been breached, 327 00:17:41,461 --> 00:17:45,396 filling the corridor with snow. 328 00:17:45,398 --> 00:17:47,899 Billson: That's strange. 329 00:17:47,901 --> 00:17:53,438 This building was built by the military and built to last. 330 00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:56,374 Maybe the building did suffer some damage. 331 00:17:56,376 --> 00:17:58,843 ♪♪ 332 00:17:58,845 --> 00:18:01,012 narrator: Could the building and its crew have sustained 333 00:18:01,014 --> 00:18:03,981 some sort of secret military strike? 334 00:18:03,983 --> 00:18:09,053 ♪♪ 335 00:18:09,055 --> 00:18:13,091 in 1981, russia became increasingly convinced 336 00:18:13,093 --> 00:18:17,395 of an imminent attack from the united states. 337 00:18:17,397 --> 00:18:21,566 In response, the chairman of the kgb, yuri andropov, 338 00:18:21,568 --> 00:18:25,369 and general secretary of the soviet union leonid brezhnev 339 00:18:25,371 --> 00:18:30,441 launched the largest-ever soviet intelligence-gathering campaign. 340 00:18:30,443 --> 00:18:34,078 It was called operation ryan. 341 00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:37,315 It was an acronym which, when translated from russian, 342 00:18:37,317 --> 00:18:40,885 literally meant "nuclear missile attack." 343 00:18:40,887 --> 00:18:45,556 ♪♪ 344 00:18:45,558 --> 00:18:48,693 o'keefe: You know, for any soviet strike to be successful, 345 00:18:48,695 --> 00:18:50,595 they would have to find a way to avoid 346 00:18:50,597 --> 00:18:53,865 or, better yet, remove the early warning system. 347 00:18:53,867 --> 00:18:56,634 ♪♪ 348 00:18:56,636 --> 00:19:00,238 narrator: And isolated dew station in a remote part of greenland 349 00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:02,607 would have been a perfect target. 350 00:19:02,609 --> 00:19:05,510 ♪♪ 351 00:19:05,512 --> 00:19:09,647 was this station a victim of soviet espionage? 352 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:21,425 ♪♪ 353 00:19:21,427 --> 00:19:23,828 narrator: A united states military radar station 354 00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:25,963 in the far north of greenland 355 00:19:25,965 --> 00:19:29,800 is found mysteriously and suddenly abandoned. 356 00:19:29,802 --> 00:19:32,303 ♪♪ 357 00:19:32,305 --> 00:19:33,604 there aren't many reasons 358 00:19:33,606 --> 00:19:37,008 that armed forces evacuate a building so quickly. 359 00:19:37,010 --> 00:19:40,745 ♪♪ 360 00:19:40,747 --> 00:19:45,116 could they have fled to soviet attack? 361 00:19:45,118 --> 00:19:47,285 There are no signs of explosions or weapons damage 362 00:19:47,287 --> 00:19:50,054 to the outside of the building. 363 00:19:50,056 --> 00:19:52,156 Macferrin: There's no gaping holes in the roof, 364 00:19:52,158 --> 00:19:54,225 but there are some doors that are left cracked open 365 00:19:54,227 --> 00:19:56,727 and some windows that have broken. 366 00:19:56,729 --> 00:19:59,063 Any gap in the building over 30 years 367 00:19:59,065 --> 00:20:02,266 will let the snow right in. 368 00:20:02,268 --> 00:20:05,603 Also, there are no shell casings anywhere. 369 00:20:05,605 --> 00:20:08,673 These men would have been well trained military personnel, 370 00:20:08,675 --> 00:20:11,342 but they fled without firing a shot. 371 00:20:11,344 --> 00:20:19,750 ♪♪ 372 00:20:19,752 --> 00:20:24,789 narrator: None of the evidence points to a physical attack. 373 00:20:24,791 --> 00:20:27,291 Some wonder if the base could have been decimated 374 00:20:27,293 --> 00:20:31,395 by something less calculated but just as deadly. 375 00:20:31,397 --> 00:20:34,065 ♪♪ 376 00:20:34,067 --> 00:20:35,866 wolf: So if it wasn't a manmade disaster, 377 00:20:35,868 --> 00:20:38,703 then maybe a natural disaster hit the base. 378 00:20:38,705 --> 00:20:41,138 ♪♪ 379 00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:42,573 somara: This station was built to withstand 380 00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:45,543 the extreme weather of greenland. 381 00:20:45,545 --> 00:20:46,744 It's a steel structure, 382 00:20:46,746 --> 00:20:50,915 and it's still standing after decades abandoned. 383 00:20:50,917 --> 00:20:53,217 Narrator: The answer may lie in the design 384 00:20:53,219 --> 00:20:56,087 of the building itself. 385 00:20:56,089 --> 00:20:59,624 Engineers built the station on eight steel beams 386 00:20:59,626 --> 00:21:03,427 for a very specific reason. 387 00:21:03,429 --> 00:21:04,795 In this part of the greenland ice sheet, 388 00:21:04,797 --> 00:21:07,465 snow builds up year after year after year. 389 00:21:07,467 --> 00:21:09,267 And anything you leave on the surface 390 00:21:09,269 --> 00:21:10,968 is going to get buried over time. 391 00:21:10,970 --> 00:21:12,603 So to keep this above the surface, 392 00:21:12,605 --> 00:21:15,172 they kept having to jack it up on these enormous stilts 393 00:21:15,174 --> 00:21:16,907 time and time again. 394 00:21:16,909 --> 00:21:20,111 ♪♪ 395 00:21:20,113 --> 00:21:23,581 narrator: Between 1959 and 1983, 396 00:21:23,583 --> 00:21:27,351 engineers raised the station 104 feet in total. 397 00:21:27,353 --> 00:21:30,021 ♪♪ 398 00:21:30,023 --> 00:21:31,956 but each time they jacked it up, 399 00:21:31,958 --> 00:21:35,726 they made it slightly less stable. 400 00:21:35,728 --> 00:21:39,230 Macferrin: So these enormous "I" beams that the building sits upon 401 00:21:39,232 --> 00:21:42,099 are sunk into the snow. And snow settles over the time, 402 00:21:42,101 --> 00:21:44,735 and it doesn't necessarily settle evenly. 403 00:21:44,737 --> 00:21:48,506 ♪♪ 404 00:21:48,508 --> 00:21:50,241 narrator: But the "I" beams alone 405 00:21:50,243 --> 00:21:54,078 weren't responsible for the abandonment of the base. 406 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:57,114 It was the combination of a second design flaw 407 00:21:57,116 --> 00:21:59,884 that sealed the dew line station's fate. 408 00:21:59,886 --> 00:22:01,485 Macferrin: So, when they designed the building, 409 00:22:01,487 --> 00:22:03,354 they put this enormous snow melting furnace 410 00:22:03,356 --> 00:22:05,690 in a corner of it in order to melt snow 411 00:22:05,692 --> 00:22:08,592 for drinking water and showers for all the men. 412 00:22:08,594 --> 00:22:12,196 ♪♪ 413 00:22:12,198 --> 00:22:14,765 what they didn't anticipate is that the heat from this 414 00:22:14,767 --> 00:22:16,701 would dissipate into the "I" beams 415 00:22:16,703 --> 00:22:18,202 and cause that corner of the building 416 00:22:18,204 --> 00:22:21,238 to settle faster than the others over time. 417 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:29,447 ♪♪ 418 00:22:29,449 --> 00:22:31,082 somara: The weight and the heat of the building 419 00:22:31,084 --> 00:22:34,719 have pushed the foundation to the edge of failure. 420 00:22:34,721 --> 00:22:38,322 It could collapse at any moment. 421 00:22:38,324 --> 00:22:42,259 The station had become a deathtrap. 422 00:22:42,261 --> 00:22:45,763 Billson: The building was not under attack from a military force, 423 00:22:45,765 --> 00:22:48,766 but from the very ice it was built on. 424 00:22:48,768 --> 00:22:53,671 ♪♪ 425 00:22:53,673 --> 00:22:56,474 narrator: When military engineers realized this, 426 00:22:56,476 --> 00:22:59,443 they ordered an immediate evacuation. 427 00:22:59,445 --> 00:23:01,612 [ siren wailing ] 428 00:23:01,614 --> 00:23:04,081 ♪♪ 429 00:23:04,083 --> 00:23:08,753 afterwards, they even tried to re-level it. 430 00:23:08,755 --> 00:23:10,955 But all efforts failed. 431 00:23:10,957 --> 00:23:13,457 The base was lost. 432 00:23:13,459 --> 00:23:18,562 ♪♪ 433 00:23:18,564 --> 00:23:21,132 with advances in radar technology, satellites, 434 00:23:21,134 --> 00:23:23,434 and icbms, early warning stations 435 00:23:23,436 --> 00:23:26,504 became a thing of the past. 436 00:23:26,506 --> 00:23:30,608 Narrator: Now the giant icy monolith sits frozen, 437 00:23:30,610 --> 00:23:33,577 a relic of the cold war, 438 00:23:33,579 --> 00:23:36,380 abandoned to the ice. 439 00:23:36,382 --> 00:23:42,453 ♪♪ 440 00:23:42,455 --> 00:23:48,559 ♪♪ 441 00:23:48,561 --> 00:23:52,163 about 100 miles from the east coast of scotland 442 00:23:52,165 --> 00:23:56,667 lies one of the ocean's strangest mysteries. 443 00:23:56,669 --> 00:23:58,936 A controversial new theory 444 00:23:58,938 --> 00:24:02,673 involving ancient ice age formations 445 00:24:02,675 --> 00:24:05,309 may offer an unexpected answer. 446 00:24:05,311 --> 00:24:07,678 ♪♪ 447 00:24:07,680 --> 00:24:10,314 rose: When you look at it, you just scratch your head, thinking, 448 00:24:10,316 --> 00:24:13,284 "how could this possibly have happened?" 449 00:24:13,286 --> 00:24:17,354 ♪♪ 450 00:24:17,356 --> 00:24:19,657 narrator: On the bottom of the ocean, 451 00:24:19,659 --> 00:24:23,194 a fishing trawler rests completely undamaged. 452 00:24:23,196 --> 00:24:25,496 ♪♪ 453 00:24:25,498 --> 00:24:28,499 rose: What causes a ship in perfect condition 454 00:24:28,501 --> 00:24:31,635 with no evidence of damage 455 00:24:31,637 --> 00:24:34,104 to end up at the bottom of the ocean? 456 00:24:34,106 --> 00:24:36,106 ♪♪ 457 00:24:36,108 --> 00:24:39,977 narrator: Stranger still, it's sitting in the middle of a crater 458 00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:43,214 more than 300 feet in diameter. 459 00:24:43,216 --> 00:24:50,754 ♪♪ 460 00:24:50,756 --> 00:24:53,824 fishermen call this area the witch's ground 461 00:24:53,826 --> 00:24:57,294 because the bottom is so rough, it eats up their gear. 462 00:24:57,296 --> 00:25:01,665 ♪♪ 463 00:25:01,667 --> 00:25:03,834 but the fishing is so good, 464 00:25:03,836 --> 00:25:06,804 many crews take their chances anyway. 465 00:25:06,806 --> 00:25:11,642 ♪♪ 466 00:25:11,644 --> 00:25:13,811 irving: On the seabed in the witch's ground 467 00:25:13,813 --> 00:25:16,647 is a crater they call the witch's hole. 468 00:25:16,649 --> 00:25:18,716 ♪♪ 469 00:25:18,718 --> 00:25:23,220 narrator: The crater measures 328 feet across. 470 00:25:23,222 --> 00:25:26,590 And the boat is sitting dead center. 471 00:25:26,592 --> 00:25:30,227 There's something odd about the way it's resting. 472 00:25:30,229 --> 00:25:32,897 Somara: The trawler is perfectly intact. 473 00:25:32,899 --> 00:25:34,632 It's resting delicately on its keel, 474 00:25:34,634 --> 00:25:38,369 as if someone placed it there. 475 00:25:38,371 --> 00:25:40,604 If the ship hit a rock or some other object, 476 00:25:40,606 --> 00:25:42,273 that would sink it. 477 00:25:42,275 --> 00:25:44,642 But the trawler has no signs of damage. 478 00:25:44,644 --> 00:25:47,144 The hull is in perfect shape. 479 00:25:47,146 --> 00:25:50,447 ♪♪ 480 00:25:50,449 --> 00:25:53,651 narrator: If it's unlikely a leak took this ship down, 481 00:25:53,653 --> 00:25:56,720 could it have been swamped by a rogue wave? 482 00:26:05,932 --> 00:26:13,304 ♪♪ 483 00:26:13,306 --> 00:26:16,941 narrator: What appears to be a seaworthy fishing trawler 484 00:26:16,943 --> 00:26:20,811 found at the bottom of the ocean in the middle of a crater 485 00:26:20,813 --> 00:26:23,847 raises questions about how it got there. 486 00:26:23,849 --> 00:26:26,116 ♪♪ 487 00:26:26,118 --> 00:26:29,753 did a natural disaster at sea take it down? 488 00:26:29,755 --> 00:26:36,060 ♪♪ 489 00:26:36,062 --> 00:26:39,563 irving: Severe weather, intense winds, 490 00:26:39,565 --> 00:26:42,466 big waves -- 491 00:26:42,468 --> 00:26:45,703 any of these things could knock over a ship. 492 00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:48,305 ♪♪ 493 00:26:48,307 --> 00:26:52,176 if a vessel was hit broadside by a large wave or swell, 494 00:26:52,178 --> 00:26:53,944 it could roll. 495 00:26:53,946 --> 00:26:57,014 ♪♪ 496 00:26:57,016 --> 00:26:58,749 in extreme cases, 497 00:26:58,751 --> 00:27:01,619 really big waves could pitchpole a vessel. 498 00:27:01,621 --> 00:27:06,757 ♪♪ 499 00:27:06,759 --> 00:27:11,929 ♪♪ 500 00:27:11,931 --> 00:27:14,431 narrator: But when investigators examine the wreck, 501 00:27:14,433 --> 00:27:16,300 they realize it's improbable 502 00:27:16,302 --> 00:27:20,671 that a violent storm sank this ship. 503 00:27:20,673 --> 00:27:22,206 All the fishing gear is laid out 504 00:27:22,208 --> 00:27:23,974 like the ship is ready to go to work. 505 00:27:23,976 --> 00:27:27,544 It's eerily calm. 506 00:27:27,546 --> 00:27:31,148 When a ship capsizes, most often you'd see damage on the deck, 507 00:27:31,150 --> 00:27:34,485 but on this trawler, you see no sign of that. 508 00:27:34,487 --> 00:27:37,287 ♪♪ 509 00:27:37,289 --> 00:27:40,224 what on earth caused this ship to sink? 510 00:27:40,226 --> 00:27:45,796 ♪♪ 511 00:27:45,798 --> 00:27:48,799 it's like some unseen hand reached up from the depths 512 00:27:48,801 --> 00:27:51,835 and pulled the ship to the bottom 513 00:27:51,837 --> 00:27:54,638 right in the middle of the crater. 514 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:59,410 ♪♪ 515 00:27:59,412 --> 00:28:01,378 narrator: Perhaps the clue to this mystery 516 00:28:01,380 --> 00:28:04,648 lies in the crater itself. 517 00:28:04,650 --> 00:28:09,553 Hundreds of miles away in the icy waters of the barents sea, 518 00:28:09,555 --> 00:28:12,356 investigators discover a slew of craters 519 00:28:12,358 --> 00:28:15,426 just like the one that contains the trawler. 520 00:28:15,428 --> 00:28:18,796 ♪♪ 521 00:28:18,798 --> 00:28:20,764 macferrin: When they surveyed the floor of the barents sea, 522 00:28:20,766 --> 00:28:23,100 they found this enormous network of craters, 523 00:28:23,102 --> 00:28:25,936 some of them up to 1/2 mile wide and 100 feet deep 524 00:28:25,938 --> 00:28:28,005 covering the ocean floor. 525 00:28:28,007 --> 00:28:30,207 ♪♪ 526 00:28:30,209 --> 00:28:33,410 narrator: What powerful force caused these craters? 527 00:28:33,412 --> 00:28:35,846 ♪♪ 528 00:28:35,848 --> 00:28:38,716 the answer could hold the key to unlocking the mystery 529 00:28:38,718 --> 00:28:41,351 behind the sunken fishing trawler. 530 00:28:41,353 --> 00:28:45,689 ♪♪ 531 00:28:45,691 --> 00:28:49,226 could the craters have been caused by asteroids? 532 00:28:49,228 --> 00:28:52,730 ♪♪ 533 00:28:52,732 --> 00:28:55,866 irving: These don't look like asteroid strikes. 534 00:28:55,868 --> 00:28:57,301 There are very few impact craters 535 00:28:57,303 --> 00:28:58,936 that have been discovered in the ocean 536 00:28:58,938 --> 00:29:02,573 because the sea floor changes so rapidly. 537 00:29:02,575 --> 00:29:04,675 These ones are too small, too new, 538 00:29:04,677 --> 00:29:08,011 and there are too many of them. 539 00:29:08,013 --> 00:29:11,014 Rose: Plus, an asteroid or anything coming from above 540 00:29:11,016 --> 00:29:13,183 would destroy a ship on the surface, 541 00:29:13,185 --> 00:29:15,819 not place it gently on the bottom. 542 00:29:15,821 --> 00:29:19,256 Asteroids certainly don't help us with this mystery. 543 00:29:19,258 --> 00:29:24,461 ♪♪ 544 00:29:24,463 --> 00:29:28,232 irving: So if these craters were not caused by something from above, 545 00:29:28,234 --> 00:29:31,835 maybe something from below. 546 00:29:31,837 --> 00:29:33,871 Narrator: It's a controversial theory, 547 00:29:33,873 --> 00:29:35,539 but some wonder if they were caused 548 00:29:35,541 --> 00:29:39,510 by underwater gas-filled pingos. 549 00:29:39,512 --> 00:29:43,714 Macferrin: A pingo is formed from pressure underneath the earth, 550 00:29:43,716 --> 00:29:45,549 either from ice that's shifting together 551 00:29:45,551 --> 00:29:47,651 or from bubbles forming under the surface 552 00:29:47,653 --> 00:29:49,987 that raises the ground around it. 553 00:29:49,989 --> 00:29:52,222 ♪♪ 554 00:29:52,224 --> 00:29:55,492 narrator: They are essentially big domes of methane gas 555 00:29:55,494 --> 00:29:58,228 trapped under the sea floor. 556 00:29:58,230 --> 00:30:00,798 And they're like a ticking time bomb. 557 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:04,935 ♪♪ 558 00:30:04,937 --> 00:30:07,204 somara: After years of withstanding pressure, 559 00:30:07,206 --> 00:30:11,975 these pingos eventually pop, forming craters 1/2 mile across. 560 00:30:11,977 --> 00:30:18,816 ♪♪ 561 00:30:18,818 --> 00:30:20,184 rose: Imagine this would have been like 562 00:30:20,186 --> 00:30:23,420 the earth making a massive burp. 563 00:30:23,422 --> 00:30:28,725 ♪♪ 564 00:30:28,727 --> 00:30:31,495 somara: Could a sudden release of methane gas from the seabed 565 00:30:31,497 --> 00:30:34,064 sink a ship on the surface above? 566 00:30:43,375 --> 00:30:50,681 ♪♪ 567 00:30:50,683 --> 00:30:54,318 narrator: Deep within the waters of the north sea 568 00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:57,621 lies a fishing trawler in the middle of a crater. 569 00:30:57,623 --> 00:31:02,259 ♪♪ 570 00:31:02,261 --> 00:31:06,897 investigators wonder if a sudden violent eruption of methane gas 571 00:31:06,899 --> 00:31:09,566 was behind its mysterious sinking. 572 00:31:09,568 --> 00:31:15,606 ♪♪ 573 00:31:15,608 --> 00:31:20,110 it's not the first time methane has caused disasters at sea. 574 00:31:20,112 --> 00:31:22,212 ♪♪ 575 00:31:22,214 --> 00:31:24,014 there's even a case of a drill ship 576 00:31:24,016 --> 00:31:26,950 becoming destabilized because of methane. 577 00:31:26,952 --> 00:31:34,091 ♪♪ 578 00:31:34,093 --> 00:31:37,294 a ruptured methane pocket sent an immense amount of gas 579 00:31:37,296 --> 00:31:40,330 violently bubbling to the surface. 580 00:31:40,332 --> 00:31:42,532 It almost sank the entire rig. 581 00:31:42,534 --> 00:31:44,935 ♪♪ 582 00:31:44,937 --> 00:31:47,337 narrator: Did the fishing trawler in the north sea 583 00:31:47,339 --> 00:31:50,474 fall victim to the same fate? 584 00:31:50,476 --> 00:31:54,778 Could gas bubbles really have taken down an entire ship? 585 00:31:54,780 --> 00:32:03,086 ♪♪ 586 00:32:03,088 --> 00:32:05,756 methane gas bubbling up from the seabed 587 00:32:05,758 --> 00:32:08,358 reduces the density of water. 588 00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:12,362 ♪♪ 589 00:32:12,364 --> 00:32:16,400 the theory is, without enough density to hold up the vessel, 590 00:32:16,402 --> 00:32:20,304 ships caught in the area would no longer be able to float. 591 00:32:20,306 --> 00:32:27,244 ♪♪ 592 00:32:27,246 --> 00:32:29,413 the methane gas goes up, and the ship 593 00:32:29,415 --> 00:32:32,449 in perfect condition sinks to the bottom. 594 00:32:32,451 --> 00:32:35,986 ♪♪ 595 00:32:35,988 --> 00:32:39,189 irving: As strange as it seems, a methane release 596 00:32:39,191 --> 00:32:41,124 could be a plausible explanation 597 00:32:41,126 --> 00:32:45,095 for what we see in the witch's hole. 598 00:32:45,097 --> 00:32:48,298 A small vessel like that trawler 599 00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:50,968 could have been overwhelmed much more easily. 600 00:32:50,970 --> 00:32:53,904 ♪♪ 601 00:32:53,906 --> 00:32:56,807 the crew onboard could have been completely caught off-guard 602 00:32:56,809 --> 00:32:59,109 and would have had no time to react. 603 00:32:59,111 --> 00:33:01,345 ♪♪ 604 00:33:01,347 --> 00:33:05,048 this is only one theory. There are plenty of other things 605 00:33:05,050 --> 00:33:06,783 that could have happened to the boat, 606 00:33:06,785 --> 00:33:08,885 but it's certainly the most intriguing. 607 00:33:08,887 --> 00:33:10,887 ♪♪ 608 00:33:10,889 --> 00:33:12,222 narrator: It's true. 609 00:33:12,224 --> 00:33:15,826 The boat may have sunk for any number of reasons, 610 00:33:15,828 --> 00:33:17,728 and it might be pure coincidence 611 00:33:17,730 --> 00:33:21,531 that it landed perfectly in the middle of the crater. 612 00:33:21,533 --> 00:33:25,068 But it is possible that by astronomical chance, 613 00:33:25,070 --> 00:33:27,404 the trawler may have found itself directly above 614 00:33:27,406 --> 00:33:29,639 a sudden release of gas. 615 00:33:29,641 --> 00:33:32,743 And the freak accident caused the ship to sink gently down 616 00:33:32,745 --> 00:33:36,146 into the middle of the crater directly below it. 617 00:33:36,148 --> 00:33:44,021 ♪♪ 618 00:33:44,023 --> 00:33:51,928 ♪♪ 619 00:33:51,930 --> 00:33:56,767 in the farthest reaches of northern siberia, 620 00:33:56,769 --> 00:33:59,036 a team of russian and french scientists 621 00:33:59,038 --> 00:34:01,738 make a chilling discovery. 622 00:34:01,740 --> 00:34:05,375 ♪♪ 623 00:34:05,377 --> 00:34:07,344 deep in the frozen ground, 624 00:34:07,346 --> 00:34:10,047 they find a 30,000-year-old virus 625 00:34:10,049 --> 00:34:14,518 lying in a state of dormancy. 626 00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:16,720 You look at it, and you think, how could anything survive 627 00:34:16,722 --> 00:34:19,489 in frozen ground for this long? 628 00:34:19,491 --> 00:34:21,892 ♪♪ 629 00:34:21,894 --> 00:34:23,326 poinar: It begs the question, 630 00:34:23,328 --> 00:34:28,031 what else might be out there that we don't know about? 631 00:34:28,033 --> 00:34:32,335 Narrator: The ancient strain is called mollivirus sibericum, 632 00:34:32,337 --> 00:34:34,805 or giant virus, 633 00:34:34,807 --> 00:34:39,976 because it's 1,000 times as big as a normal one. 634 00:34:39,978 --> 00:34:41,745 Irving: So, with a discovery like this, 635 00:34:41,747 --> 00:34:44,748 your mind immediately goes to the worst-case scenario. 636 00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:47,284 What if an ancient human pathogen like a virus 637 00:34:47,286 --> 00:34:51,688 or a bacterium thaws out and wakes up? 638 00:34:51,690 --> 00:34:56,126 Narrator: And if it does, can it harm us? 639 00:34:56,128 --> 00:34:59,029 Poinar: When a virus infects the body and under the right conditions, 640 00:34:59,031 --> 00:35:02,265 viruses will multiply. 641 00:35:02,267 --> 00:35:03,900 That's basically how we become sick. 642 00:35:03,902 --> 00:35:06,670 They overwhelm our body's defense mechanisms, 643 00:35:06,672 --> 00:35:08,004 and they're especially dangerous 644 00:35:08,006 --> 00:35:11,508 to populations who've never been exposed to them before. 645 00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:17,047 ♪♪ 646 00:35:17,049 --> 00:35:20,183 narrator: When smallpox first arrived in the americas, 647 00:35:20,185 --> 00:35:23,386 it annihilated indigenous populations 648 00:35:23,388 --> 00:35:28,091 because they had almost no immunity against the virus. 649 00:35:28,093 --> 00:35:33,630 The pain and suffering it caused was indescribable. 650 00:35:33,632 --> 00:35:37,000 Entire communities were completely destroyed. 651 00:35:37,002 --> 00:35:39,970 ♪♪ 652 00:35:39,972 --> 00:35:41,371 it's for this reason 653 00:35:41,373 --> 00:35:43,974 that scientists need to test whether it's possible 654 00:35:43,976 --> 00:35:47,377 to reactivate the dormant mollivirus. 655 00:35:47,379 --> 00:35:51,314 If they can, does that mean other ancient zombie viruses 656 00:35:51,316 --> 00:35:54,451 could wake up and wipe us all out? 657 00:36:01,994 --> 00:36:09,399 ♪♪ 658 00:36:09,401 --> 00:36:12,335 narrator: A 30,000-year-old giant virus strain 659 00:36:12,337 --> 00:36:15,805 is found in the frozen ground of russian siberia. 660 00:36:15,807 --> 00:36:17,908 ♪♪ 661 00:36:17,910 --> 00:36:22,312 scientists want to see if they can bring it back to life. 662 00:36:22,314 --> 00:36:25,282 Some worry that if they're successful, 663 00:36:25,284 --> 00:36:28,218 we might all be in trouble. 664 00:36:28,220 --> 00:36:30,120 It's not inconceivable that you could 665 00:36:30,122 --> 00:36:31,721 bring something like this back to life. 666 00:36:31,723 --> 00:36:33,623 There are pathogens that have been frozen 667 00:36:33,625 --> 00:36:35,325 and come back to life. 668 00:36:35,327 --> 00:36:37,327 ♪♪ 669 00:36:37,329 --> 00:36:41,464 narrator: In 2016, in russia's yamal peninsula, 670 00:36:41,466 --> 00:36:43,266 an unprecedented heat wave 671 00:36:43,268 --> 00:36:46,503 rapidly thawed the frozen tundra. 672 00:36:46,505 --> 00:36:47,938 All of a sudden, 673 00:36:47,940 --> 00:36:51,841 wild animals started dying in massive numbers. 674 00:36:51,843 --> 00:36:53,843 ♪♪ 675 00:36:53,845 --> 00:36:55,312 irving: In a short space of time, 676 00:36:55,314 --> 00:36:58,515 more than 2,000 reindeer drop dead. 677 00:36:58,517 --> 00:37:01,084 ♪♪ 678 00:37:01,086 --> 00:37:04,921 narrator: Locals from the area were understandably concerned. 679 00:37:04,923 --> 00:37:08,825 But when the people themselves started getting sick, 680 00:37:08,827 --> 00:37:11,127 concern turned to terror. 681 00:37:11,129 --> 00:37:13,263 ♪♪ 682 00:37:13,265 --> 00:37:14,898 this went undiagnosed for several weeks 683 00:37:14,900 --> 00:37:19,302 until a 12-year-old boy died, and people began to panic. 684 00:37:19,304 --> 00:37:27,577 ♪♪ 685 00:37:27,579 --> 00:37:29,179 narrator: The cause of the deadly illness 686 00:37:29,181 --> 00:37:32,182 was eventually traced to a strain of anthrax 687 00:37:32,184 --> 00:37:33,316 that had lain dormant 688 00:37:33,318 --> 00:37:35,352 in the corpses of long-dead reindeer 689 00:37:35,354 --> 00:37:38,121 buried in the permafrost. 690 00:37:38,123 --> 00:37:40,490 When the corpses thawed in the heat wave, 691 00:37:40,492 --> 00:37:43,994 the reawakened spores were released into the atmosphere 692 00:37:43,996 --> 00:37:48,064 infecting the local reindeer population. 693 00:37:48,066 --> 00:37:50,333 It didn't take too long before the bacteria spread 694 00:37:50,335 --> 00:37:53,003 from the reindeer to humans. 695 00:37:53,005 --> 00:37:59,042 ♪♪ 696 00:37:59,044 --> 00:38:02,646 and this isn't an isolated case. 697 00:38:02,648 --> 00:38:07,083 In 2017, a young man on the northern coast of alaska 698 00:38:07,085 --> 00:38:12,155 was helping excavate an 800-year-old hunting shack. 699 00:38:12,157 --> 00:38:15,725 In the process, he unwittingly disturbed seal remains 700 00:38:15,727 --> 00:38:19,296 that had been preserved in the permafrost for years. 701 00:38:19,298 --> 00:38:21,398 Irving: Initially, he didn't think anything of it. 702 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:22,866 But shortly after he went home, 703 00:38:22,868 --> 00:38:25,268 he discovered a red dot on his leg. 704 00:38:25,270 --> 00:38:30,040 Within a few days, that dot grew to the size of a softball. 705 00:38:30,042 --> 00:38:32,809 Narrator: He had an infection called seal finger, 706 00:38:32,811 --> 00:38:36,246 which he'd caught from the dead seals. 707 00:38:36,248 --> 00:38:39,149 Luckily, doctors identified it quickly enough 708 00:38:39,151 --> 00:38:42,752 and were able to treat the infection with antibiotics. 709 00:38:42,754 --> 00:38:45,221 ♪♪ 710 00:38:45,223 --> 00:38:48,024 it's one thing for a relatively young bacteria 711 00:38:48,026 --> 00:38:51,995 like seal finger or anthrax to reawaken, 712 00:38:51,997 --> 00:38:57,634 but the mollivirus has been in the permafrost for 30,000 years. 713 00:38:57,636 --> 00:39:01,271 Does it have the strength to come back from the dead? 714 00:39:01,273 --> 00:39:03,940 Poinar: This is a critical question. 715 00:39:03,942 --> 00:39:05,342 If the answer is yes, 716 00:39:05,344 --> 00:39:09,012 does that mean that smallpox or plague or spanish flu 717 00:39:09,014 --> 00:39:10,914 could actually come back? 718 00:39:10,916 --> 00:39:12,916 ♪♪ 719 00:39:12,918 --> 00:39:15,185 it's a terrifying thought. 720 00:39:15,187 --> 00:39:16,286 What if all the graves 721 00:39:16,288 --> 00:39:19,255 of people who died of one plague or another 722 00:39:19,257 --> 00:39:21,558 began to thaw like the reindeer 723 00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:24,260 and suddenly awakened every deadly disease 724 00:39:24,262 --> 00:39:28,098 our civilization has ever known? 725 00:39:28,100 --> 00:39:31,434 Irving: Not only could known pathogens come back, 726 00:39:31,436 --> 00:39:34,504 the same theory could apply to the ones we don't know about, 727 00:39:34,506 --> 00:39:38,708 including those that have been long extinct. 728 00:39:38,710 --> 00:39:41,611 Narrator: Scientists set about trying to resurrect mollivirus 729 00:39:41,613 --> 00:39:44,247 in the laboratory, knowing full well 730 00:39:44,249 --> 00:39:47,817 how monumental the results could be to the human race. 731 00:39:47,819 --> 00:39:50,186 Irving: The virus needs a host cell, 732 00:39:50,188 --> 00:39:53,923 so they gave it its favorite meal, an amoeba, 733 00:39:53,925 --> 00:39:55,959 a single-celled organism. 734 00:39:55,961 --> 00:40:00,063 They put them both in the dish, and they waited. 735 00:40:00,065 --> 00:40:01,264 Macferrin: One of the biggest challenges 736 00:40:01,266 --> 00:40:02,965 of bringing something like this back to life 737 00:40:02,967 --> 00:40:05,335 is how old it is. It breaks down over time, 738 00:40:05,337 --> 00:40:06,836 and it might not even be possible 739 00:40:06,838 --> 00:40:09,439 if the dna is completely broken down. 740 00:40:09,441 --> 00:40:13,076 Narrator: To everyone's surprise, the experiment worked. 741 00:40:13,078 --> 00:40:17,347 The mollivirus invaded the amoeba and replicated itself. 742 00:40:17,349 --> 00:40:22,952 After 30,000 years, the giant virus was reborn. 743 00:40:22,954 --> 00:40:24,454 Viruses have been known to survive 744 00:40:24,456 --> 00:40:26,222 in some pretty tough conditions. 745 00:40:26,224 --> 00:40:28,391 But that's a pretty amazing feat. 746 00:40:28,393 --> 00:40:33,096 ♪♪ 747 00:40:33,098 --> 00:40:38,134 narrator: Scientists are now forced to consider an ominous idea. 748 00:40:38,136 --> 00:40:40,136 Does this mean that viruses in the wild 749 00:40:40,138 --> 00:40:44,474 could come back to life by themselves? 750 00:40:44,476 --> 00:40:48,411 Irving: The virus that was reawakened was grown in a laboratory, 751 00:40:48,413 --> 00:40:51,181 an ideal environment. 752 00:40:51,183 --> 00:40:53,983 We can't say it would be able to do the same in the wild, 753 00:40:53,985 --> 00:40:57,053 but if the environmental conditions were right, 754 00:40:57,055 --> 00:40:59,622 it's a possibility. 755 00:40:59,624 --> 00:41:03,693 The biomass of all viruses and bacteria frozen in the ice 756 00:41:03,695 --> 00:41:07,997 is 1,000 times that of all the humans on earth. 757 00:41:07,999 --> 00:41:09,699 Most of these viruses and bacteria 758 00:41:09,701 --> 00:41:13,603 aren't going to harm us, but some could. 759 00:41:13,605 --> 00:41:16,406 What if one of these pathogens thaws out of the permafrost 760 00:41:16,408 --> 00:41:17,707 and is washed into a river 761 00:41:17,709 --> 00:41:21,744 and then ultimately down into the ocean? 762 00:41:21,746 --> 00:41:25,248 Narrator: Scientists continue to keep a watchful eye on the ice, 763 00:41:25,250 --> 00:41:27,383 mindful that the world's thawing ice 764 00:41:27,385 --> 00:41:32,489 could allow ancient microbial genes to mix with modern ones... 765 00:41:32,491 --> 00:41:34,524 ♪♪ 766 00:41:34,526 --> 00:41:35,692 ...Flooding the oceans 767 00:41:35,694 --> 00:41:40,029 with never-before-seen types of organisms. 768 00:41:40,031 --> 00:41:43,967 How would it interact with the food chain? 769 00:41:43,969 --> 00:41:47,070 What would be the impact on the environment 770 00:41:47,072 --> 00:41:50,507 and ultimately on us? 771 00:41:50,509 --> 00:41:53,943 We don't know the answers to these questions. 772 00:41:53,945 --> 00:41:57,714 Hopefully, we'll never have to find out. 66737

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