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♪♪
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narrator: The frozen body
of a legendary climber
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found on mount everest.
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Rose: He didn't pass out.
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The rope around his waist
was severed.
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Something else happened to him.
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Bellinger: When he fell,
was he on his way up
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or on his way back down?
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The answer to that question
could be monumental.
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Narrator: A strange building
in the middle of the ice cap
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lies deserted.
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O'keefe:
Food lays on the shelves.
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Full beer bottles line the bar.
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Magazines sit open
on the tables.
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Macferrin:
It really makes you wonder,
why did the people who were here
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have to leave this building
so quickly?
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Narrator: And a zombie virus
comes back from its icy grave.
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Irving:
So with a discovery like this,
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your mind immediately
goes to the worst-case scenario.
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It begs the question,
what else might be out there
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that we don't know about?
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♪♪
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narrator: These are
the strangest mysteries,
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trapped in the coldest places.
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Lost relics,
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forgotten treasures,
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dark secrets,
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locked in their icy tombs
for ages.
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But now as ice melts
around the world,
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their stories
will finally be exposed.
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-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com
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captions paid for by
discovery communications
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[ wind whistling ]
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♪♪
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over 26,000 feet
above sea level,
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a shocking discovery might mean
rewriting the history books.
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Rose: It's the top of the world,
freezing cold,
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and utterly breathtaking.
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Narrator:
Lying between nepal and tibet,
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mount everest attracts roughly
800 climbers every year
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hoping to conquer the peak.
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Rose:
With temperatures that can drop
to minus-76 degrees fahrenheit,
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a thin atmosphere, avalanches,
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and the risk of falling to your
death around every corner...
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♪♪
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...Why would any sane person
want to climb that?
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♪♪
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around 2,000 feet
from the summit, expert climbers
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come across
a startling discovery...
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♪♪
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...A mummified corpse.
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You've climbed as far away
from human civilization
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as you possibly can, and
you look over and see a body.
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♪♪
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narrator:
Upon closer inspection,
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the body is equipped
with climbing gear
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from what looks like the 1920s.
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There's no nylon ropes,
no thermal materials.
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This guy was dressed in wool,
cotton, and silk.
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Narrator: It leaves little doubt
this body is very old.
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Could these be
the long-lost remains
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of the infamous mountaineer
george mallory?
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That's the right era for
the mallory-irvine expedition.
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But a lot of people
have died on everest.
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Bodies have been found
all over the mountain.
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♪♪
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narrator:
Englishman george mallory was
one of the very first climbers
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to attempt to summit
mount everest in 1921.
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♪♪
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he tried three times
in two years,
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but with no success.
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But his tenacity captured
the media's imagination.
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He was once asked what made him
want to climb everest,
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to which he uttered
the three most famous words
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in mountaineering,
"because it's there."
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♪♪
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on June 8, 1924,
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mallory set out from
their final camp
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on his fourth
and final summit attempt
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with his climbing partner,
andrew irvine.
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Rose: The pair were last seen
800 feet below the peak.
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And after that...
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They were never seen again.
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♪♪
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narrator: Speculation about
what happened to him
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has plagued the climbing world
ever since.
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Could his remains have finally
surfaced after all these years?
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♪♪
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expedition members examine
the body looking for clues
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due to the cold, thin
atmosphere, it's well preserved.
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He's lying face-down,
and they note
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that he still has his climbing
rope around his waist.
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♪♪
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then they find the smoking gun
they've been looking for.
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Inside the preserved clothes
of the mysterious climber,
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they find a label,
and it reads...
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George mallory.
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It's definitive.
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It took 75 years
to find mallory's remains.
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And they were found so close
to the top of the mountain.
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♪♪
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what exactly happened
to george mallory?
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♪♪
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the answer to that question
could be monumental.
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♪♪
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narrator: There's a name for
the highest part of everest --
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the death zone.
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♪♪
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up here, oxygen is so limited,
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your body's cells start to die.
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♪♪
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judgment becomes impaired.
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♪♪
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you can experience
severe altitude sickness,
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strokes, or even heart attacks.
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Did mallory die
from lack of oxygen
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before reaching the top
of the mountain?
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♪♪
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billson:
Mallory was an expert climber
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and was on the very first
british expedition
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to the mountain in 1921.
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♪♪
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he was well aware of the risks
at that high altitude.
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♪♪
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narrator: But even experienced
climbers can succumb
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to the tallest mountain
in the world.
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♪♪
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00:07:02,189 --> 00:07:06,258
avalanches are frequent
on everest.
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00:07:06,260 --> 00:07:09,361
Could mallory have been caught
in a fatal slide?
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♪♪
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most victims of avalanches
survive the slide,
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but die of suffocation.
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They are literally buried alive.
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But even under the mass of snow
in the dark,
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00:07:29,616 --> 00:07:33,185
struggling to stay conscious,
you dig, thrash,
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fight, flail,
anything to get free.
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Mallory was lying flat,
face-down,
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almost calm.
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There is no sign of struggle,
digging, or asphyxiation.
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This wasn't an avalanche.
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♪♪
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narrator:
Altitude can cause another risk
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beyond lack of oxygen
and the cold.
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00:07:57,478 --> 00:07:59,578
We're talking about
mountain climbing here.
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00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:03,081
Falling is clearly
a very common way to die.
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00:08:03,083 --> 00:08:06,017
♪♪
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narrator: Mallory and irvine
would have been tied together
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by a rope around the waist
as a safety measure.
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That way, if one falls,
the other will catch him.
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♪♪
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mallory's body does show
a serious rope-jerk injury
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around the waist,
and his leg was fractured,
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both indications of a fall.
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♪♪
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but one thing
just doesn't add up --
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an odd puncture wound
on mallory's forehead.
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♪♪
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it's very unlikely
that a wound like that
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was caused by a rock or a fall.
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Narrator:
So what caused this wound?
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Rose: The wound looks like
it could have been caused
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by the head of an ice ax.
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So, if a climber's falling,
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they could use their ice ax
to slow the descent.
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But if they hit a rock,
it would deflect back
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and then, whack,
hit him right in the head.
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Mallory's ice ax
was never found,
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but his climbing partner's was.
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Irvine's ice ax
was found farther up
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than mallory's body...
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♪♪
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...Implying the two men
could have been even higher
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when they fell.
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♪♪
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when he fell,
was he on his way up
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or on his way back down?
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Narrator: If researchers
can answer this question,
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it could settle a controversy
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that has dominated the climbing
world for almost a century.
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In 1953, 29 years after
george mallory went missing,
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another pair of climbers
were officially credited
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with being the first
to summit everest --
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sir edmund hillary,
and his sherpa, tenzing norgay.
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♪♪
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could it be that mallory
made it to the top
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00:10:00,734 --> 00:10:03,902
almost three decades
before hillary?
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♪♪
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bellinger: We might have to
rewrite the history books
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on who conquered everest first.
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♪♪
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narrator: Expedition members
are searching for evidence
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that may prove george mallory
was the first person
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to summit everest
and not sir edmund hillary.
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♪♪
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the team turns to mallory's
family members
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for more information,
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and they immediately
reveal another clue.
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Billson:
According to mallory's daughter,
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her father always carried
a picture of his wife,
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which he intended to leave
at the top of everest
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after he'd reached the summit.
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Rose: The body was
in pristine condition.
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00:11:00,694 --> 00:11:03,428
He even had his wallet
with a letter and a receipt
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00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:06,831
from a climbing outfitter,
but no photo.
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♪♪
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00:11:08,902 --> 00:11:11,536
bellinger: Where's the photo?
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Was george mallory
true to his word?
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00:11:15,142 --> 00:11:19,377
Did he leave the photo of
his wife at the top of everest?
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00:11:19,379 --> 00:11:21,513
♪♪
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00:11:21,515 --> 00:11:24,716
narrator: They don't find the
photo, but during the search,
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00:11:24,718 --> 00:11:29,154
someone notices
something very odd.
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00:11:29,156 --> 00:11:31,122
Mallory wasn't
wearing his goggles,
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00:11:31,124 --> 00:11:34,459
and they weren't
around his neck.
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00:11:34,461 --> 00:11:37,095
Narrator: No climber would ever
attempt to summit mount everest
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00:11:37,097 --> 00:11:39,864
without goggles,
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00:11:39,866 --> 00:11:44,035
even back in 1924.
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00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:48,306
Sun glaring off the snow and ice
can cause snow blindness,
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00:11:48,308 --> 00:11:51,309
which can be lethal
at this altitude.
219
00:11:51,311 --> 00:11:53,678
Just days before mallory
made his ascent,
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00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:55,346
another climber was blinded
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00:11:55,348 --> 00:11:58,083
because he wasn't
wearing goggles.
222
00:11:58,085 --> 00:12:00,652
There is no way that mallory
would have been ascending
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00:12:00,654 --> 00:12:03,088
without wearing his goggles.
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00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:08,626
♪♪
225
00:12:08,628 --> 00:12:10,328
narrator:
After a thorough search,
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00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:13,064
the team eventually
find his goggles
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00:12:13,066 --> 00:12:17,102
buried deep
in one of his pockets.
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00:12:17,104 --> 00:12:19,437
Why wasn't he wearing them?
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00:12:19,439 --> 00:12:21,606
♪♪
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00:12:21,608 --> 00:12:25,610
rose: The most convincing reason
is if it was after dark
231
00:12:25,612 --> 00:12:30,148
and he was already on his way
back down the mountain.
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00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:31,916
Bellinger:
But if he was coming down,
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00:12:31,918 --> 00:12:35,587
then coming down from where?
234
00:12:35,589 --> 00:12:37,789
Did mallory make it
all the way to the top,
235
00:12:37,791 --> 00:12:43,428
or did he turn back just a few
hundred feet before his goal?
236
00:12:43,430 --> 00:12:47,932
Narrator:
Mallory left on his expedition
with a camera in his kit.
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00:12:47,934 --> 00:12:50,001
If the camera can be located,
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00:12:50,003 --> 00:12:52,337
it could provide evidence
to settle the question
239
00:12:52,339 --> 00:12:57,475
of whether he made it to the top
once and for all.
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00:12:57,477 --> 00:13:00,044
You wouldn't carry a camera
all that way
241
00:13:00,046 --> 00:13:04,249
and not take a photo
on top of the mountain.
242
00:13:04,251 --> 00:13:07,085
Billson: With the temperature
up there always below zero,
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00:13:07,087 --> 00:13:10,421
there's a really strong chance
to film inside the camera
244
00:13:10,423 --> 00:13:13,391
would be preserved, as well.
245
00:13:13,393 --> 00:13:16,494
Rose: If we could only develop
that last roll of film,
246
00:13:16,496 --> 00:13:20,431
maybe we could see
if mallory reached the top.
247
00:13:20,433 --> 00:13:25,203
Photographic evidence
would be definitive proof.
248
00:13:25,205 --> 00:13:27,906
But where is that camera?
249
00:13:27,908 --> 00:13:31,976
♪♪
250
00:13:31,978 --> 00:13:34,746
bellinger:
His body was undisturbed.
251
00:13:34,748 --> 00:13:37,949
He had his wallet.
He had his altimeter.
252
00:13:37,951 --> 00:13:40,185
He had his goggles.
253
00:13:40,187 --> 00:13:42,387
The camera must be out there.
254
00:13:42,389 --> 00:13:45,657
We just haven't found it.
255
00:13:45,659 --> 00:13:48,293
Narrator: Without it,
there's no way to know for sure
256
00:13:48,295 --> 00:13:50,762
if mallory made it to the top.
257
00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:53,731
♪♪
258
00:13:53,733 --> 00:13:55,667
wolf: If mallory didn't
make it to the top,
259
00:13:55,669 --> 00:13:59,470
he was at least
close enough to see it.
260
00:13:59,472 --> 00:14:03,875
Either way, it's an astounding
accomplishment.
261
00:14:03,877 --> 00:14:06,211
Narrator: Lost somewhere
just below the peak
262
00:14:06,213 --> 00:14:08,680
of the highest mountain
on the planet
263
00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:11,449
lies a camera
that could contain a photograph
264
00:14:11,451 --> 00:14:14,118
that could rewrite history.
265
00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:19,924
But that secret still remains
buried somewhere in the ice.
266
00:14:19,926 --> 00:14:25,263
♪♪
267
00:14:25,265 --> 00:14:30,535
♪♪
268
00:14:30,537 --> 00:14:34,939
in the uninhabited subzero
environment of greenland,
269
00:14:34,941 --> 00:14:37,709
rising out of the ice and snow,
270
00:14:37,711 --> 00:14:41,946
an unusual building
lays abandoned.
271
00:14:41,948 --> 00:14:45,617
Somara: This is a really
strange structure.
272
00:14:45,619 --> 00:14:48,052
It's all made of steel.
273
00:14:48,054 --> 00:14:50,121
It has a giant sphere on top
274
00:14:50,123 --> 00:14:53,157
and similar round features
on its sides.
275
00:14:53,159 --> 00:14:57,662
♪♪
276
00:14:57,664 --> 00:14:59,631
macferrin:
To see this huge building
277
00:14:59,633 --> 00:15:02,200
sticking out in the middle
of a vast white ice sheet,
278
00:15:02,202 --> 00:15:03,534
it really reminds you
279
00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:08,139
of a supervillain base
from a james bond movie.
280
00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:11,609
Inside is even stranger.
281
00:15:11,611 --> 00:15:14,679
Food lays on the shelves.
282
00:15:14,681 --> 00:15:16,981
Full beer bottles line the bar.
283
00:15:16,983 --> 00:15:18,983
♪♪
284
00:15:18,985 --> 00:15:24,088
magazines sit open on the tables
as if they were being read.
285
00:15:24,090 --> 00:15:26,024
The place was abandoned so fast
286
00:15:26,026 --> 00:15:30,094
that they left eggs
on the counter.
287
00:15:30,096 --> 00:15:33,731
People didn't just leave
this place. They fled.
288
00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:35,700
♪♪
289
00:15:35,702 --> 00:15:38,636
it really makes you wonder,
why did the people who were here
290
00:15:38,638 --> 00:15:42,173
have to leave this building
so quickly?
291
00:15:42,175 --> 00:15:46,811
Narrator:
This is a dew line station,
short for distant early warning,
292
00:15:46,813 --> 00:15:50,281
one of a series of far north
radar stations.
293
00:15:50,283 --> 00:15:54,285
♪♪
294
00:15:54,287 --> 00:15:57,488
during the cold war,
threat of nuclear retaliation
295
00:15:57,490 --> 00:16:02,260
maintained an uneasy balance
between the usa and ussr.
296
00:16:02,262 --> 00:16:06,497
♪♪
297
00:16:06,499 --> 00:16:07,932
both countries feared
298
00:16:07,934 --> 00:16:11,135
that the other would launch
their nuclear missiles first,
299
00:16:11,137 --> 00:16:13,371
wiping out their defenses.
300
00:16:13,373 --> 00:16:21,379
♪♪
301
00:16:21,381 --> 00:16:23,114
the dew line
was america's attempt
302
00:16:23,116 --> 00:16:26,617
to thwart a first nuclear strike
303
00:16:26,619 --> 00:16:29,620
which would have been delivered
by russian bombers.
304
00:16:29,622 --> 00:16:35,193
♪♪
305
00:16:35,195 --> 00:16:37,462
macferrin: The main purpose
of the station was to monitor
306
00:16:37,464 --> 00:16:39,163
for incoming aircraft
or missiles
307
00:16:39,165 --> 00:16:41,499
that might come over
the poles from russia.
308
00:16:41,501 --> 00:16:44,635
♪♪
309
00:16:44,637 --> 00:16:46,904
they also listened
for radio transmissions
310
00:16:46,906 --> 00:16:49,741
that they might be able
to intercept from the enemy.
311
00:16:49,743 --> 00:16:54,312
♪♪
312
00:16:54,314 --> 00:16:57,682
narrator: The dew line consisted
of more than 60 radar stations
313
00:16:57,684 --> 00:17:01,219
stretching across the top part
of the north american continent,
314
00:17:01,221 --> 00:17:04,522
from alaska to greenland,
315
00:17:04,524 --> 00:17:08,760
some of them fully manned
with military personnel,
316
00:17:08,762 --> 00:17:11,729
ready to respond
at a moment's notice.
317
00:17:11,731 --> 00:17:14,732
♪♪
318
00:17:14,734 --> 00:17:17,368
so what could have happened here
that would have caused
319
00:17:17,370 --> 00:17:21,339
these soldiers to flee before
even finishing their meals?
320
00:17:21,341 --> 00:17:27,078
♪♪
321
00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:30,348
for the most part,
the structure is in great shape.
322
00:17:30,350 --> 00:17:32,016
If you've got the power
up and running,
323
00:17:32,018 --> 00:17:33,618
and some heat in there,
324
00:17:33,620 --> 00:17:36,320
you could easily move back
into the base.
325
00:17:36,322 --> 00:17:38,623
♪♪
326
00:17:38,625 --> 00:17:41,459
narrator: There is one room that
appears to have been breached,
327
00:17:41,461 --> 00:17:45,396
filling the corridor with snow.
328
00:17:45,398 --> 00:17:47,899
Billson: That's strange.
329
00:17:47,901 --> 00:17:53,438
This building was built by
the military and built to last.
330
00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:56,374
Maybe the building
did suffer some damage.
331
00:17:56,376 --> 00:17:58,843
♪♪
332
00:17:58,845 --> 00:18:01,012
narrator: Could the building
and its crew have sustained
333
00:18:01,014 --> 00:18:03,981
some sort
of secret military strike?
334
00:18:03,983 --> 00:18:09,053
♪♪
335
00:18:09,055 --> 00:18:13,091
in 1981, russia became
increasingly convinced
336
00:18:13,093 --> 00:18:17,395
of an imminent attack
from the united states.
337
00:18:17,397 --> 00:18:21,566
In response, the chairman
of the kgb, yuri andropov,
338
00:18:21,568 --> 00:18:25,369
and general secretary of
the soviet union leonid brezhnev
339
00:18:25,371 --> 00:18:30,441
launched the largest-ever soviet
intelligence-gathering campaign.
340
00:18:30,443 --> 00:18:34,078
It was called operation ryan.
341
00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:37,315
It was an acronym which,
when translated from russian,
342
00:18:37,317 --> 00:18:40,885
literally meant
"nuclear missile attack."
343
00:18:40,887 --> 00:18:45,556
♪♪
344
00:18:45,558 --> 00:18:48,693
o'keefe: You know, for any
soviet strike to be successful,
345
00:18:48,695 --> 00:18:50,595
they would have
to find a way to avoid
346
00:18:50,597 --> 00:18:53,865
or, better yet, remove
the early warning system.
347
00:18:53,867 --> 00:18:56,634
♪♪
348
00:18:56,636 --> 00:19:00,238
narrator:
And isolated dew station
in a remote part of greenland
349
00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:02,607
would have been
a perfect target.
350
00:19:02,609 --> 00:19:05,510
♪♪
351
00:19:05,512 --> 00:19:09,647
was this station a victim
of soviet espionage?
352
00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:21,425
♪♪
353
00:19:21,427 --> 00:19:23,828
narrator: A united states
military radar station
354
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:25,963
in the far north of greenland
355
00:19:25,965 --> 00:19:29,800
is found mysteriously
and suddenly abandoned.
356
00:19:29,802 --> 00:19:32,303
♪♪
357
00:19:32,305 --> 00:19:33,604
there aren't many reasons
358
00:19:33,606 --> 00:19:37,008
that armed forces
evacuate a building so quickly.
359
00:19:37,010 --> 00:19:40,745
♪♪
360
00:19:40,747 --> 00:19:45,116
could they have fled
to soviet attack?
361
00:19:45,118 --> 00:19:47,285
There are no signs
of explosions or weapons damage
362
00:19:47,287 --> 00:19:50,054
to the outside of the building.
363
00:19:50,056 --> 00:19:52,156
Macferrin: There's no
gaping holes in the roof,
364
00:19:52,158 --> 00:19:54,225
but there are some doors
that are left cracked open
365
00:19:54,227 --> 00:19:56,727
and some windows
that have broken.
366
00:19:56,729 --> 00:19:59,063
Any gap in the building
over 30 years
367
00:19:59,065 --> 00:20:02,266
will let the snow right in.
368
00:20:02,268 --> 00:20:05,603
Also, there are
no shell casings anywhere.
369
00:20:05,605 --> 00:20:08,673
These men would have been well
trained military personnel,
370
00:20:08,675 --> 00:20:11,342
but they fled
without firing a shot.
371
00:20:11,344 --> 00:20:19,750
♪♪
372
00:20:19,752 --> 00:20:24,789
narrator: None of the evidence
points to a physical attack.
373
00:20:24,791 --> 00:20:27,291
Some wonder if the base
could have been decimated
374
00:20:27,293 --> 00:20:31,395
by something less calculated
but just as deadly.
375
00:20:31,397 --> 00:20:34,065
♪♪
376
00:20:34,067 --> 00:20:35,866
wolf: So if it wasn't
a manmade disaster,
377
00:20:35,868 --> 00:20:38,703
then maybe a natural disaster
hit the base.
378
00:20:38,705 --> 00:20:41,138
♪♪
379
00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:42,573
somara: This station
was built to withstand
380
00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:45,543
the extreme weather
of greenland.
381
00:20:45,545 --> 00:20:46,744
It's a steel structure,
382
00:20:46,746 --> 00:20:50,915
and it's still standing
after decades abandoned.
383
00:20:50,917 --> 00:20:53,217
Narrator: The answer
may lie in the design
384
00:20:53,219 --> 00:20:56,087
of the building itself.
385
00:20:56,089 --> 00:20:59,624
Engineers built the station
on eight steel beams
386
00:20:59,626 --> 00:21:03,427
for a very specific reason.
387
00:21:03,429 --> 00:21:04,795
In this part of
the greenland ice sheet,
388
00:21:04,797 --> 00:21:07,465
snow builds up
year after year after year.
389
00:21:07,467 --> 00:21:09,267
And anything you leave
on the surface
390
00:21:09,269 --> 00:21:10,968
is going to get
buried over time.
391
00:21:10,970 --> 00:21:12,603
So to keep this
above the surface,
392
00:21:12,605 --> 00:21:15,172
they kept having to jack it up
on these enormous stilts
393
00:21:15,174 --> 00:21:16,907
time and time again.
394
00:21:16,909 --> 00:21:20,111
♪♪
395
00:21:20,113 --> 00:21:23,581
narrator: Between 1959 and 1983,
396
00:21:23,583 --> 00:21:27,351
engineers raised the station
104 feet in total.
397
00:21:27,353 --> 00:21:30,021
♪♪
398
00:21:30,023 --> 00:21:31,956
but each time they jacked it up,
399
00:21:31,958 --> 00:21:35,726
they made it
slightly less stable.
400
00:21:35,728 --> 00:21:39,230
Macferrin:
So these enormous "I" beams
that the building sits upon
401
00:21:39,232 --> 00:21:42,099
are sunk into the snow.
And snow settles over the time,
402
00:21:42,101 --> 00:21:44,735
and it doesn't
necessarily settle evenly.
403
00:21:44,737 --> 00:21:48,506
♪♪
404
00:21:48,508 --> 00:21:50,241
narrator:
But the "I" beams alone
405
00:21:50,243 --> 00:21:54,078
weren't responsible
for the abandonment of the base.
406
00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:57,114
It was the combination
of a second design flaw
407
00:21:57,116 --> 00:21:59,884
that sealed
the dew line station's fate.
408
00:21:59,886 --> 00:22:01,485
Macferrin: So, when
they designed the building,
409
00:22:01,487 --> 00:22:03,354
they put this enormous
snow melting furnace
410
00:22:03,356 --> 00:22:05,690
in a corner of it
in order to melt snow
411
00:22:05,692 --> 00:22:08,592
for drinking water
and showers for all the men.
412
00:22:08,594 --> 00:22:12,196
♪♪
413
00:22:12,198 --> 00:22:14,765
what they didn't anticipate
is that the heat from this
414
00:22:14,767 --> 00:22:16,701
would dissipate
into the "I" beams
415
00:22:16,703 --> 00:22:18,202
and cause that corner
of the building
416
00:22:18,204 --> 00:22:21,238
to settle faster
than the others over time.
417
00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:29,447
♪♪
418
00:22:29,449 --> 00:22:31,082
somara: The weight
and the heat of the building
419
00:22:31,084 --> 00:22:34,719
have pushed the foundation
to the edge of failure.
420
00:22:34,721 --> 00:22:38,322
It could collapse at any moment.
421
00:22:38,324 --> 00:22:42,259
The station had
become a deathtrap.
422
00:22:42,261 --> 00:22:45,763
Billson:
The building was not under
attack from a military force,
423
00:22:45,765 --> 00:22:48,766
but from the very ice
it was built on.
424
00:22:48,768 --> 00:22:53,671
♪♪
425
00:22:53,673 --> 00:22:56,474
narrator: When military
engineers realized this,
426
00:22:56,476 --> 00:22:59,443
they ordered
an immediate evacuation.
427
00:22:59,445 --> 00:23:01,612
[ siren wailing ]
428
00:23:01,614 --> 00:23:04,081
♪♪
429
00:23:04,083 --> 00:23:08,753
afterwards, they even tried
to re-level it.
430
00:23:08,755 --> 00:23:10,955
But all efforts failed.
431
00:23:10,957 --> 00:23:13,457
The base was lost.
432
00:23:13,459 --> 00:23:18,562
♪♪
433
00:23:18,564 --> 00:23:21,132
with advances in radar
technology, satellites,
434
00:23:21,134 --> 00:23:23,434
and icbms,
early warning stations
435
00:23:23,436 --> 00:23:26,504
became a thing of the past.
436
00:23:26,506 --> 00:23:30,608
Narrator: Now the giant
icy monolith sits frozen,
437
00:23:30,610 --> 00:23:33,577
a relic of the cold war,
438
00:23:33,579 --> 00:23:36,380
abandoned to the ice.
439
00:23:36,382 --> 00:23:42,453
♪♪
440
00:23:42,455 --> 00:23:48,559
♪♪
441
00:23:48,561 --> 00:23:52,163
about 100 miles from
the east coast of scotland
442
00:23:52,165 --> 00:23:56,667
lies one of the ocean's
strangest mysteries.
443
00:23:56,669 --> 00:23:58,936
A controversial new theory
444
00:23:58,938 --> 00:24:02,673
involving ancient
ice age formations
445
00:24:02,675 --> 00:24:05,309
may offer an unexpected answer.
446
00:24:05,311 --> 00:24:07,678
♪♪
447
00:24:07,680 --> 00:24:10,314
rose:
When you look at it, you just
scratch your head, thinking,
448
00:24:10,316 --> 00:24:13,284
"how could this possibly
have happened?"
449
00:24:13,286 --> 00:24:17,354
♪♪
450
00:24:17,356 --> 00:24:19,657
narrator:
On the bottom of the ocean,
451
00:24:19,659 --> 00:24:23,194
a fishing trawler rests
completely undamaged.
452
00:24:23,196 --> 00:24:25,496
♪♪
453
00:24:25,498 --> 00:24:28,499
rose: What causes a ship
in perfect condition
454
00:24:28,501 --> 00:24:31,635
with no evidence of damage
455
00:24:31,637 --> 00:24:34,104
to end up
at the bottom of the ocean?
456
00:24:34,106 --> 00:24:36,106
♪♪
457
00:24:36,108 --> 00:24:39,977
narrator:
Stranger still, it's sitting
in the middle of a crater
458
00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:43,214
more than 300 feet in diameter.
459
00:24:43,216 --> 00:24:50,754
♪♪
460
00:24:50,756 --> 00:24:53,824
fishermen call this area
the witch's ground
461
00:24:53,826 --> 00:24:57,294
because the bottom is so rough,
it eats up their gear.
462
00:24:57,296 --> 00:25:01,665
♪♪
463
00:25:01,667 --> 00:25:03,834
but the fishing is so good,
464
00:25:03,836 --> 00:25:06,804
many crews
take their chances anyway.
465
00:25:06,806 --> 00:25:11,642
♪♪
466
00:25:11,644 --> 00:25:13,811
irving: On the seabed
in the witch's ground
467
00:25:13,813 --> 00:25:16,647
is a crater
they call the witch's hole.
468
00:25:16,649 --> 00:25:18,716
♪♪
469
00:25:18,718 --> 00:25:23,220
narrator: The crater measures
328 feet across.
470
00:25:23,222 --> 00:25:26,590
And the boat
is sitting dead center.
471
00:25:26,592 --> 00:25:30,227
There's something odd
about the way it's resting.
472
00:25:30,229 --> 00:25:32,897
Somara:
The trawler is perfectly intact.
473
00:25:32,899 --> 00:25:34,632
It's resting delicately
on its keel,
474
00:25:34,634 --> 00:25:38,369
as if someone placed it there.
475
00:25:38,371 --> 00:25:40,604
If the ship hit a rock
or some other object,
476
00:25:40,606 --> 00:25:42,273
that would sink it.
477
00:25:42,275 --> 00:25:44,642
But the trawler has
no signs of damage.
478
00:25:44,644 --> 00:25:47,144
The hull is in perfect shape.
479
00:25:47,146 --> 00:25:50,447
♪♪
480
00:25:50,449 --> 00:25:53,651
narrator: If it's unlikely
a leak took this ship down,
481
00:25:53,653 --> 00:25:56,720
could it have been swamped
by a rogue wave?
482
00:26:05,932 --> 00:26:13,304
♪♪
483
00:26:13,306 --> 00:26:16,941
narrator: What appears to be
a seaworthy fishing trawler
484
00:26:16,943 --> 00:26:20,811
found at the bottom of the ocean
in the middle of a crater
485
00:26:20,813 --> 00:26:23,847
raises questions about
how it got there.
486
00:26:23,849 --> 00:26:26,116
♪♪
487
00:26:26,118 --> 00:26:29,753
did a natural disaster at sea
take it down?
488
00:26:29,755 --> 00:26:36,060
♪♪
489
00:26:36,062 --> 00:26:39,563
irving:
Severe weather, intense winds,
490
00:26:39,565 --> 00:26:42,466
big waves --
491
00:26:42,468 --> 00:26:45,703
any of these things
could knock over a ship.
492
00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:48,305
♪♪
493
00:26:48,307 --> 00:26:52,176
if a vessel was hit broadside
by a large wave or swell,
494
00:26:52,178 --> 00:26:53,944
it could roll.
495
00:26:53,946 --> 00:26:57,014
♪♪
496
00:26:57,016 --> 00:26:58,749
in extreme cases,
497
00:26:58,751 --> 00:27:01,619
really big waves
could pitchpole a vessel.
498
00:27:01,621 --> 00:27:06,757
♪♪
499
00:27:06,759 --> 00:27:11,929
♪♪
500
00:27:11,931 --> 00:27:14,431
narrator: But when investigators
examine the wreck,
501
00:27:14,433 --> 00:27:16,300
they realize it's improbable
502
00:27:16,302 --> 00:27:20,671
that a violent storm
sank this ship.
503
00:27:20,673 --> 00:27:22,206
All the fishing gear is laid out
504
00:27:22,208 --> 00:27:23,974
like the ship is ready
to go to work.
505
00:27:23,976 --> 00:27:27,544
It's eerily calm.
506
00:27:27,546 --> 00:27:31,148
When a ship capsizes, most often
you'd see damage on the deck,
507
00:27:31,150 --> 00:27:34,485
but on this trawler,
you see no sign of that.
508
00:27:34,487 --> 00:27:37,287
♪♪
509
00:27:37,289 --> 00:27:40,224
what on earth caused
this ship to sink?
510
00:27:40,226 --> 00:27:45,796
♪♪
511
00:27:45,798 --> 00:27:48,799
it's like some unseen hand
reached up from the depths
512
00:27:48,801 --> 00:27:51,835
and pulled the ship
to the bottom
513
00:27:51,837 --> 00:27:54,638
right in the middle
of the crater.
514
00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:59,410
♪♪
515
00:27:59,412 --> 00:28:01,378
narrator:
Perhaps the clue to this mystery
516
00:28:01,380 --> 00:28:04,648
lies in the crater itself.
517
00:28:04,650 --> 00:28:09,553
Hundreds of miles away in the
icy waters of the barents sea,
518
00:28:09,555 --> 00:28:12,356
investigators discover
a slew of craters
519
00:28:12,358 --> 00:28:15,426
just like the one
that contains the trawler.
520
00:28:15,428 --> 00:28:18,796
♪♪
521
00:28:18,798 --> 00:28:20,764
macferrin: When they surveyed
the floor of the barents sea,
522
00:28:20,766 --> 00:28:23,100
they found this enormous
network of craters,
523
00:28:23,102 --> 00:28:25,936
some of them up to 1/2 mile wide
and 100 feet deep
524
00:28:25,938 --> 00:28:28,005
covering the ocean floor.
525
00:28:28,007 --> 00:28:30,207
♪♪
526
00:28:30,209 --> 00:28:33,410
narrator: What powerful force
caused these craters?
527
00:28:33,412 --> 00:28:35,846
♪♪
528
00:28:35,848 --> 00:28:38,716
the answer could hold the key
to unlocking the mystery
529
00:28:38,718 --> 00:28:41,351
behind the sunken
fishing trawler.
530
00:28:41,353 --> 00:28:45,689
♪♪
531
00:28:45,691 --> 00:28:49,226
could the craters have been
caused by asteroids?
532
00:28:49,228 --> 00:28:52,730
♪♪
533
00:28:52,732 --> 00:28:55,866
irving: These don't look like
asteroid strikes.
534
00:28:55,868 --> 00:28:57,301
There are very few
impact craters
535
00:28:57,303 --> 00:28:58,936
that have been discovered
in the ocean
536
00:28:58,938 --> 00:29:02,573
because the sea floor changes
so rapidly.
537
00:29:02,575 --> 00:29:04,675
These ones are
too small, too new,
538
00:29:04,677 --> 00:29:08,011
and there are too many of them.
539
00:29:08,013 --> 00:29:11,014
Rose: Plus, an asteroid
or anything coming from above
540
00:29:11,016 --> 00:29:13,183
would destroy a ship
on the surface,
541
00:29:13,185 --> 00:29:15,819
not place it gently
on the bottom.
542
00:29:15,821 --> 00:29:19,256
Asteroids certainly don't
help us with this mystery.
543
00:29:19,258 --> 00:29:24,461
♪♪
544
00:29:24,463 --> 00:29:28,232
irving:
So if these craters were not
caused by something from above,
545
00:29:28,234 --> 00:29:31,835
maybe something from below.
546
00:29:31,837 --> 00:29:33,871
Narrator:
It's a controversial theory,
547
00:29:33,873 --> 00:29:35,539
but some wonder
if they were caused
548
00:29:35,541 --> 00:29:39,510
by underwater gas-filled pingos.
549
00:29:39,512 --> 00:29:43,714
Macferrin:
A pingo is formed from pressure
underneath the earth,
550
00:29:43,716 --> 00:29:45,549
either from ice
that's shifting together
551
00:29:45,551 --> 00:29:47,651
or from bubbles
forming under the surface
552
00:29:47,653 --> 00:29:49,987
that raises the ground
around it.
553
00:29:49,989 --> 00:29:52,222
♪♪
554
00:29:52,224 --> 00:29:55,492
narrator: They are essentially
big domes of methane gas
555
00:29:55,494 --> 00:29:58,228
trapped under the sea floor.
556
00:29:58,230 --> 00:30:00,798
And they're like
a ticking time bomb.
557
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:04,935
♪♪
558
00:30:04,937 --> 00:30:07,204
somara: After years of
withstanding pressure,
559
00:30:07,206 --> 00:30:11,975
these pingos eventually pop,
forming craters 1/2 mile across.
560
00:30:11,977 --> 00:30:18,816
♪♪
561
00:30:18,818 --> 00:30:20,184
rose: Imagine
this would have been like
562
00:30:20,186 --> 00:30:23,420
the earth making a massive burp.
563
00:30:23,422 --> 00:30:28,725
♪♪
564
00:30:28,727 --> 00:30:31,495
somara: Could a sudden release
of methane gas from the seabed
565
00:30:31,497 --> 00:30:34,064
sink a ship
on the surface above?
566
00:30:43,375 --> 00:30:50,681
♪♪
567
00:30:50,683 --> 00:30:54,318
narrator: Deep within the waters
of the north sea
568
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:57,621
lies a fishing trawler
in the middle of a crater.
569
00:30:57,623 --> 00:31:02,259
♪♪
570
00:31:02,261 --> 00:31:06,897
investigators wonder if a sudden
violent eruption of methane gas
571
00:31:06,899 --> 00:31:09,566
was behind
its mysterious sinking.
572
00:31:09,568 --> 00:31:15,606
♪♪
573
00:31:15,608 --> 00:31:20,110
it's not the first time methane
has caused disasters at sea.
574
00:31:20,112 --> 00:31:22,212
♪♪
575
00:31:22,214 --> 00:31:24,014
there's even a case
of a drill ship
576
00:31:24,016 --> 00:31:26,950
becoming destabilized
because of methane.
577
00:31:26,952 --> 00:31:34,091
♪♪
578
00:31:34,093 --> 00:31:37,294
a ruptured methane pocket
sent an immense amount of gas
579
00:31:37,296 --> 00:31:40,330
violently bubbling
to the surface.
580
00:31:40,332 --> 00:31:42,532
It almost sank the entire rig.
581
00:31:42,534 --> 00:31:44,935
♪♪
582
00:31:44,937 --> 00:31:47,337
narrator: Did the fishing
trawler in the north sea
583
00:31:47,339 --> 00:31:50,474
fall victim to the same fate?
584
00:31:50,476 --> 00:31:54,778
Could gas bubbles really have
taken down an entire ship?
585
00:31:54,780 --> 00:32:03,086
♪♪
586
00:32:03,088 --> 00:32:05,756
methane gas bubbling up
from the seabed
587
00:32:05,758 --> 00:32:08,358
reduces the density of water.
588
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:12,362
♪♪
589
00:32:12,364 --> 00:32:16,400
the theory is, without enough
density to hold up the vessel,
590
00:32:16,402 --> 00:32:20,304
ships caught in the area would
no longer be able to float.
591
00:32:20,306 --> 00:32:27,244
♪♪
592
00:32:27,246 --> 00:32:29,413
the methane gas goes up,
and the ship
593
00:32:29,415 --> 00:32:32,449
in perfect condition
sinks to the bottom.
594
00:32:32,451 --> 00:32:35,986
♪♪
595
00:32:35,988 --> 00:32:39,189
irving: As strange as it seems,
a methane release
596
00:32:39,191 --> 00:32:41,124
could be a plausible explanation
597
00:32:41,126 --> 00:32:45,095
for what we see
in the witch's hole.
598
00:32:45,097 --> 00:32:48,298
A small vessel like that trawler
599
00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:50,968
could have been overwhelmed
much more easily.
600
00:32:50,970 --> 00:32:53,904
♪♪
601
00:32:53,906 --> 00:32:56,807
the crew onboard could have
been completely caught off-guard
602
00:32:56,809 --> 00:32:59,109
and would have had
no time to react.
603
00:32:59,111 --> 00:33:01,345
♪♪
604
00:33:01,347 --> 00:33:05,048
this is only one theory.
There are plenty of other things
605
00:33:05,050 --> 00:33:06,783
that could have happened
to the boat,
606
00:33:06,785 --> 00:33:08,885
but it's certainly
the most intriguing.
607
00:33:08,887 --> 00:33:10,887
♪♪
608
00:33:10,889 --> 00:33:12,222
narrator: It's true.
609
00:33:12,224 --> 00:33:15,826
The boat may have sunk
for any number of reasons,
610
00:33:15,828 --> 00:33:17,728
and it might be pure coincidence
611
00:33:17,730 --> 00:33:21,531
that it landed perfectly
in the middle of the crater.
612
00:33:21,533 --> 00:33:25,068
But it is possible
that by astronomical chance,
613
00:33:25,070 --> 00:33:27,404
the trawler may have found
itself directly above
614
00:33:27,406 --> 00:33:29,639
a sudden release of gas.
615
00:33:29,641 --> 00:33:32,743
And the freak accident caused
the ship to sink gently down
616
00:33:32,745 --> 00:33:36,146
into the middle of the crater
directly below it.
617
00:33:36,148 --> 00:33:44,021
♪♪
618
00:33:44,023 --> 00:33:51,928
♪♪
619
00:33:51,930 --> 00:33:56,767
in the farthest reaches
of northern siberia,
620
00:33:56,769 --> 00:33:59,036
a team of russian
and french scientists
621
00:33:59,038 --> 00:34:01,738
make a chilling discovery.
622
00:34:01,740 --> 00:34:05,375
♪♪
623
00:34:05,377 --> 00:34:07,344
deep in the frozen ground,
624
00:34:07,346 --> 00:34:10,047
they find
a 30,000-year-old virus
625
00:34:10,049 --> 00:34:14,518
lying in a state of dormancy.
626
00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:16,720
You look at it, and you think,
how could anything survive
627
00:34:16,722 --> 00:34:19,489
in frozen ground for this long?
628
00:34:19,491 --> 00:34:21,892
♪♪
629
00:34:21,894 --> 00:34:23,326
poinar:
It begs the question,
630
00:34:23,328 --> 00:34:28,031
what else might be out there
that we don't know about?
631
00:34:28,033 --> 00:34:32,335
Narrator: The ancient strain
is called mollivirus sibericum,
632
00:34:32,337 --> 00:34:34,805
or giant virus,
633
00:34:34,807 --> 00:34:39,976
because it's 1,000 times
as big as a normal one.
634
00:34:39,978 --> 00:34:41,745
Irving:
So, with a discovery like this,
635
00:34:41,747 --> 00:34:44,748
your mind immediately
goes to the worst-case scenario.
636
00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:47,284
What if an ancient
human pathogen like a virus
637
00:34:47,286 --> 00:34:51,688
or a bacterium thaws out
and wakes up?
638
00:34:51,690 --> 00:34:56,126
Narrator:
And if it does, can it harm us?
639
00:34:56,128 --> 00:34:59,029
Poinar:
When a virus infects the body
and under the right conditions,
640
00:34:59,031 --> 00:35:02,265
viruses will multiply.
641
00:35:02,267 --> 00:35:03,900
That's basically
how we become sick.
642
00:35:03,902 --> 00:35:06,670
They overwhelm our body's
defense mechanisms,
643
00:35:06,672 --> 00:35:08,004
and they're especially dangerous
644
00:35:08,006 --> 00:35:11,508
to populations who've never been
exposed to them before.
645
00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:17,047
♪♪
646
00:35:17,049 --> 00:35:20,183
narrator: When smallpox
first arrived in the americas,
647
00:35:20,185 --> 00:35:23,386
it annihilated
indigenous populations
648
00:35:23,388 --> 00:35:28,091
because they had almost
no immunity against the virus.
649
00:35:28,093 --> 00:35:33,630
The pain and suffering it caused
was indescribable.
650
00:35:33,632 --> 00:35:37,000
Entire communities
were completely destroyed.
651
00:35:37,002 --> 00:35:39,970
♪♪
652
00:35:39,972 --> 00:35:41,371
it's for this reason
653
00:35:41,373 --> 00:35:43,974
that scientists need to test
whether it's possible
654
00:35:43,976 --> 00:35:47,377
to reactivate
the dormant mollivirus.
655
00:35:47,379 --> 00:35:51,314
If they can, does that mean
other ancient zombie viruses
656
00:35:51,316 --> 00:35:54,451
could wake up
and wipe us all out?
657
00:36:01,994 --> 00:36:09,399
♪♪
658
00:36:09,401 --> 00:36:12,335
narrator: A 30,000-year-old
giant virus strain
659
00:36:12,337 --> 00:36:15,805
is found in the frozen ground
of russian siberia.
660
00:36:15,807 --> 00:36:17,908
♪♪
661
00:36:17,910 --> 00:36:22,312
scientists want to see if
they can bring it back to life.
662
00:36:22,314 --> 00:36:25,282
Some worry that
if they're successful,
663
00:36:25,284 --> 00:36:28,218
we might all be in trouble.
664
00:36:28,220 --> 00:36:30,120
It's not inconceivable
that you could
665
00:36:30,122 --> 00:36:31,721
bring something like this
back to life.
666
00:36:31,723 --> 00:36:33,623
There are pathogens
that have been frozen
667
00:36:33,625 --> 00:36:35,325
and come back to life.
668
00:36:35,327 --> 00:36:37,327
♪♪
669
00:36:37,329 --> 00:36:41,464
narrator: In 2016,
in russia's yamal peninsula,
670
00:36:41,466 --> 00:36:43,266
an unprecedented heat wave
671
00:36:43,268 --> 00:36:46,503
rapidly thawed
the frozen tundra.
672
00:36:46,505 --> 00:36:47,938
All of a sudden,
673
00:36:47,940 --> 00:36:51,841
wild animals started dying
in massive numbers.
674
00:36:51,843 --> 00:36:53,843
♪♪
675
00:36:53,845 --> 00:36:55,312
irving:
In a short space of time,
676
00:36:55,314 --> 00:36:58,515
more than 2,000
reindeer drop dead.
677
00:36:58,517 --> 00:37:01,084
♪♪
678
00:37:01,086 --> 00:37:04,921
narrator: Locals from the area
were understandably concerned.
679
00:37:04,923 --> 00:37:08,825
But when the people themselves
started getting sick,
680
00:37:08,827 --> 00:37:11,127
concern turned to terror.
681
00:37:11,129 --> 00:37:13,263
♪♪
682
00:37:13,265 --> 00:37:14,898
this went undiagnosed
for several weeks
683
00:37:14,900 --> 00:37:19,302
until a 12-year-old boy died,
and people began to panic.
684
00:37:19,304 --> 00:37:27,577
♪♪
685
00:37:27,579 --> 00:37:29,179
narrator:
The cause of the deadly illness
686
00:37:29,181 --> 00:37:32,182
was eventually traced
to a strain of anthrax
687
00:37:32,184 --> 00:37:33,316
that had lain dormant
688
00:37:33,318 --> 00:37:35,352
in the corpses
of long-dead reindeer
689
00:37:35,354 --> 00:37:38,121
buried in the permafrost.
690
00:37:38,123 --> 00:37:40,490
When the corpses thawed
in the heat wave,
691
00:37:40,492 --> 00:37:43,994
the reawakened spores were
released into the atmosphere
692
00:37:43,996 --> 00:37:48,064
infecting the local
reindeer population.
693
00:37:48,066 --> 00:37:50,333
It didn't take too long
before the bacteria spread
694
00:37:50,335 --> 00:37:53,003
from the reindeer to humans.
695
00:37:53,005 --> 00:37:59,042
♪♪
696
00:37:59,044 --> 00:38:02,646
and this isn't an isolated case.
697
00:38:02,648 --> 00:38:07,083
In 2017, a young man
on the northern coast of alaska
698
00:38:07,085 --> 00:38:12,155
was helping excavate
an 800-year-old hunting shack.
699
00:38:12,157 --> 00:38:15,725
In the process, he unwittingly
disturbed seal remains
700
00:38:15,727 --> 00:38:19,296
that had been preserved
in the permafrost for years.
701
00:38:19,298 --> 00:38:21,398
Irving: Initially, he didn't
think anything of it.
702
00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:22,866
But shortly after he went home,
703
00:38:22,868 --> 00:38:25,268
he discovered a red dot
on his leg.
704
00:38:25,270 --> 00:38:30,040
Within a few days, that dot grew
to the size of a softball.
705
00:38:30,042 --> 00:38:32,809
Narrator: He had an infection
called seal finger,
706
00:38:32,811 --> 00:38:36,246
which he'd caught
from the dead seals.
707
00:38:36,248 --> 00:38:39,149
Luckily, doctors identified it
quickly enough
708
00:38:39,151 --> 00:38:42,752
and were able to treat
the infection with antibiotics.
709
00:38:42,754 --> 00:38:45,221
♪♪
710
00:38:45,223 --> 00:38:48,024
it's one thing
for a relatively young bacteria
711
00:38:48,026 --> 00:38:51,995
like seal finger or anthrax
to reawaken,
712
00:38:51,997 --> 00:38:57,634
but the mollivirus has been in
the permafrost for 30,000 years.
713
00:38:57,636 --> 00:39:01,271
Does it have the strength
to come back from the dead?
714
00:39:01,273 --> 00:39:03,940
Poinar:
This is a critical question.
715
00:39:03,942 --> 00:39:05,342
If the answer is yes,
716
00:39:05,344 --> 00:39:09,012
does that mean that smallpox
or plague or spanish flu
717
00:39:09,014 --> 00:39:10,914
could actually come back?
718
00:39:10,916 --> 00:39:12,916
♪♪
719
00:39:12,918 --> 00:39:15,185
it's a terrifying thought.
720
00:39:15,187 --> 00:39:16,286
What if all the graves
721
00:39:16,288 --> 00:39:19,255
of people who died
of one plague or another
722
00:39:19,257 --> 00:39:21,558
began to thaw like the reindeer
723
00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:24,260
and suddenly awakened
every deadly disease
724
00:39:24,262 --> 00:39:28,098
our civilization has ever known?
725
00:39:28,100 --> 00:39:31,434
Irving: Not only could
known pathogens come back,
726
00:39:31,436 --> 00:39:34,504
the same theory could apply
to the ones we don't know about,
727
00:39:34,506 --> 00:39:38,708
including those that
have been long extinct.
728
00:39:38,710 --> 00:39:41,611
Narrator: Scientists set about
trying to resurrect mollivirus
729
00:39:41,613 --> 00:39:44,247
in the laboratory,
knowing full well
730
00:39:44,249 --> 00:39:47,817
how monumental the results
could be to the human race.
731
00:39:47,819 --> 00:39:50,186
Irving:
The virus needs a host cell,
732
00:39:50,188 --> 00:39:53,923
so they gave it
its favorite meal, an amoeba,
733
00:39:53,925 --> 00:39:55,959
a single-celled organism.
734
00:39:55,961 --> 00:40:00,063
They put them both
in the dish, and they waited.
735
00:40:00,065 --> 00:40:01,264
Macferrin:
One of the biggest challenges
736
00:40:01,266 --> 00:40:02,965
of bringing something
like this back to life
737
00:40:02,967 --> 00:40:05,335
is how old it is.
It breaks down over time,
738
00:40:05,337 --> 00:40:06,836
and it might not even
be possible
739
00:40:06,838 --> 00:40:09,439
if the dna
is completely broken down.
740
00:40:09,441 --> 00:40:13,076
Narrator: To everyone's
surprise, the experiment worked.
741
00:40:13,078 --> 00:40:17,347
The mollivirus invaded the
amoeba and replicated itself.
742
00:40:17,349 --> 00:40:22,952
After 30,000 years,
the giant virus was reborn.
743
00:40:22,954 --> 00:40:24,454
Viruses have been known
to survive
744
00:40:24,456 --> 00:40:26,222
in some pretty tough conditions.
745
00:40:26,224 --> 00:40:28,391
But that's a pretty
amazing feat.
746
00:40:28,393 --> 00:40:33,096
♪♪
747
00:40:33,098 --> 00:40:38,134
narrator:
Scientists are now forced
to consider an ominous idea.
748
00:40:38,136 --> 00:40:40,136
Does this mean
that viruses in the wild
749
00:40:40,138 --> 00:40:44,474
could come back to life
by themselves?
750
00:40:44,476 --> 00:40:48,411
Irving:
The virus that was reawakened
was grown in a laboratory,
751
00:40:48,413 --> 00:40:51,181
an ideal environment.
752
00:40:51,183 --> 00:40:53,983
We can't say it would be able
to do the same in the wild,
753
00:40:53,985 --> 00:40:57,053
but if the environmental
conditions were right,
754
00:40:57,055 --> 00:40:59,622
it's a possibility.
755
00:40:59,624 --> 00:41:03,693
The biomass of all viruses
and bacteria frozen in the ice
756
00:41:03,695 --> 00:41:07,997
is 1,000 times
that of all the humans on earth.
757
00:41:07,999 --> 00:41:09,699
Most of these viruses
and bacteria
758
00:41:09,701 --> 00:41:13,603
aren't going to harm us,
but some could.
759
00:41:13,605 --> 00:41:16,406
What if one of these pathogens
thaws out of the permafrost
760
00:41:16,408 --> 00:41:17,707
and is washed into a river
761
00:41:17,709 --> 00:41:21,744
and then ultimately
down into the ocean?
762
00:41:21,746 --> 00:41:25,248
Narrator: Scientists continue to
keep a watchful eye on the ice,
763
00:41:25,250 --> 00:41:27,383
mindful that the world's
thawing ice
764
00:41:27,385 --> 00:41:32,489
could allow ancient microbial
genes to mix with modern ones...
765
00:41:32,491 --> 00:41:34,524
♪♪
766
00:41:34,526 --> 00:41:35,692
...Flooding the oceans
767
00:41:35,694 --> 00:41:40,029
with never-before-seen
types of organisms.
768
00:41:40,031 --> 00:41:43,967
How would it interact
with the food chain?
769
00:41:43,969 --> 00:41:47,070
What would be the impact
on the environment
770
00:41:47,072 --> 00:41:50,507
and ultimately on us?
771
00:41:50,509 --> 00:41:53,943
We don't know the answers
to these questions.
772
00:41:53,945 --> 00:41:57,714
Hopefully, we'll never
have to find out.
66737
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