All language subtitles for biq-mankind.the.story.of.all.of.us.s01e08.720p.bluray.x264

We are many.

We create diferents worlds.

But mankind shares the same desires.

Now the riches of the new world
wore out across the planet.

creating new desires

new wealth

and new conflicts.

It will give birth to a
connected world.

Amidst the chaos
on unforgiving planet

most species will fail.

But for one, all the
pieces will fall into place

and the set of keys will unlock a
path for mankind to triumph.

This is our story,
the story of all of us.

-----------------------

1579, the Pacific ocean off
the coast of South America.

A ship on a mission that
launches a new age of piracy.

Small, fast, armed
with 18 cannons.

At the helm an Englishman,
Francis Drake.

Farmer's son, fearless
navigator and the most

successful pirate in history.

In his sight a Spanish galleon,

load it with the metal
so valuable,

that will change the world.

Drake's secret partner in crime
is the English Queen, Elizabeth I.

Drake was given letters of
reprisal signed by the British crown,

which meant that he could
go and raid Spanish shipping.

What he did was piracy.

He has already plundered
over 70 Spanish ships.

The King of Spain he
put a price on his head.

10 000 000 dollars today.

Dead or alive.

The Spanish ship the Cacafuego,
heads for the coast of Panama

with the most valuable
cargo ever seen at sea.

In its hold 26 tons of
silver from the Americas,

worth 30 million dollars today.

Barrels thrown off the
stern slow Drake's ship down.

So he was gaining on her very slowly,
very slightly, imperceptibly and

not looking like a following threat.
And why they would expect one?

They were no foreign
ships in the Pacific.

Disguise as a harmless
Spanish merchant,

Drake's ship has been chasing
the Cacafuego for 14 days.

Nothing worth better
than deception.

You can give the unexpected,
if you can set up your enemy,

so they think one thing
while you do another thing,

you are gonna gain an
advantage on a battlefield.

But Drake can't risk
an all-out attack.

Instead of going to flat-out war
with another vessel where he

takes the chance of sinking that
vessel or having his vessel sink,

he wants to get it close as possible so
that he can seize that vessel whole.

His plan a surgical strike
from close quarters

to take out the Spanish
galleon main mast.

Success on a battlefield
whether it's land or sea,

is all about stacking the right advantage
in your favor at the right time,

so, when the moment comes,
you execute perfectly.

Fire!

Two cannon balls
chained together

smashed through the mast.

Now she couldn't flee
even if she try.

She was incapacitated.

The richest pirate hold
the world had ever seen.

Enough to pay off England's
entire national debt

and found its government
for a year.

American silver, the key
to a new global economy

that transforms lives in
every corner of the planet.

In 50 years the Spanish and
Portuguese have carved out vast

new empires in a New world.

From a New Mexico on the North
to Argentina on the South.

In high in the Andes
in South America

a discovery that will launch a
new era in the story of mankind.

Potosi, a mountain made of silver,

formed when continental plates
collide 170 million years ago.

The Andes are the richest
source of silver in the world.

Magma from the Earth's crust pushes
rich silver vein towards the surface,

creating in Potosi silver
veins up to 12 feet thick.

In the next 300 years Potosi will supply
80 percent of all the silver in the world.

We are put great value
on that what is rare.

You can take silver and
break it up into a small bits,

so do they become a standard value
currency with at you can purchase

and you can trade with other
societies. And it's going increase

the wealth of the entire world.

But in within 20 years the
richest silver ore is mined out,

leaving Spanish engineers
with the problem.

Remaining ore is too low grade for
the silver to be extracted using heat.

Spanish has never encountered
anything like silver ore before

and they didn't know
how to refine it.

The technics they used just
end up boiling oil the silver.

The riches of America
trapped inside its rocks.

But in 1553, a man arrives
with the secret formula,

the key that unlocks the
wealth of the New world.

Bartolome Medina.

Experimenter, innovator,
entrepreneur.

A textile trader from Spain.

He traveled 5000 miles
to make his fortune.

His idea will build new
cities and empires,

create new ways of living,
lunch new conflicts

and help to funds some of the
man-made wonders of the world.

A chemical formula for
extracting silver using mercury.

But at first, the method
that worked in Europe fails.

Medina doesn't realize that the
silver bearing rocks of the Andes

have a few traces of copper than those
of Europe essential for formula to work.

For months he experiments,
searching for a solution.

"I have suffered mental anguish. I
begged our Lady to enlighten, guide me,

so that I might be successful."

Medina was an entrepreneur
who saw a problem

and fidelity and experimented to
until he came up with the solution.

Finally, a breakthrough.

The missing ingredient a common
substance used to tan leather,

copper sulfate.

Reacting with mercury the missing
catalyst that separates the silver

from its impurities.

The key that turns the mines of
Potosi into the richest source of

silver mankind has ever known.

What Medina did he made those
silver mines of South America

dramatically more productive

and the flow of silver going to global
trade just took off over night.

220 tons of silver mined each year.

Potosi becomes the busiest
industrial complex in the world.

In each year in three
giant furnaces

the Spanish mint 2,5 million silver coins.

"Pesos de Ocho", pieces of eight,
the world's first universal currency.

Silver becomes the key
to mankind's prosperity.

These Spanish coins were
seen everywhere in the world.

They unite the world
into web of commerce.

A single coin worth the
equivalent of 80 dollars today.

Legal tender in the
USA to until 1857.

The scroll and pillars of
the Spanish Royal press

inspires one of the world's most
potent symbol, the dollar sign.

The result is extraordinary.

The entire world's economy has
affected as the silver just explodes

crosses the Pacific,
crosses into Europe and

and enormous
burst of prosperity.

This is the true beginning
of globalization.

Spanish fleets shipped 50 000 tons
of silver out of the Americas,

creating a new Atlantic trade.

Suddenly we have mass
quantities coming onto the market

which is going to really
transform all of European trade

and we will see whole new
booming economy in Europe.

New trading centers rise.

Seville, Lisbon, London

and on the coast of small
new country, Netherlands,

the world's richest and busiest
trading city, Amsterdam.

A city of a new wealth
and new desires,

about to trigger the world's most
extraordinary boom and bust

and gambled its future
on a flower, the tulip.

Amsterdam, 1649.

A city flush with new money.

A century after the Spanish
conquest of the New world,

the riches of the Americas
and an explosion of global trade

have turned Netherlands into the
richest nation on the planet.

The Dutch control over
half of the world shipment.

More new millionaires than
anywhere else on Earth.

The highest income
per a head in Europe.

A city in love with gambling.

Caught at been excitement
Jan van Goyen.

Struggling artist, looking for a
new way to make his fortune.

In a wealthy city, city of great
merchants and great enterprises

he is a guy on the move. And he
wants to get in on this action.

New wealth drives to
demand for new luxuries

and one exotic import has
captured the public imagination,

the Tulip.

Imported from Turkey the
pattern of the most exotic Tulips

are created by a virus that
attacks only some bulbs,

make them rare and
hard to cultivate.

Today, it Tulip bulbs
sells for about 50 cents,

but in Holland 1636 the rarest
bulbs are selling for a 100-times

their weight in gold.

Amsterdam's merchants are inventing
new ways of making money,

the birth of speculation.

In the back rooms of taverns Tulips
merchants sell not flowers or bulbs,

but the rights to
next year harvest.

The world's first future market.

Today all agricultural products
are sold in the future market.

You can buy crops that have
not been harvested yet.

Similar way tulips were bought in
advance of their delivery date.

In one month November 1636 the
price of Tulips shares has quadruple.

Van Goyen sees an opportunity.

To until now if you were nobility
or you were the great merchant

you were wealthy but here is
the chance for the common people

to become wealthy.

Confident of a quick return
Van Goyen invests all his

savings in Tulip's shares.

By the beginning of December
the price of Tulip bulbs

reaches 10-times their
price a month before.

A bubble has started to inflect.

By December 12. the
price doubles again.

At an auction in nearby Leiden seven
penniless orphans of innkeeper

pin their hopes for the
future on their dead father's

small collection of Tulip bulbs.

In less than an hour each child
earns 40-times the annual income

of an average craftsmen.

Tulips turns orphans
into millionaires

and the price continues to rise.

Holland is gripped
by tulip mania.

If you watched the price of
Tulips go up and up and up,

you started to think you are a full if
you don't get on escalator on way up.

Three days later Van Goyen like many
others buy some more Tulips shares.

He may well know that a tulip is
only a tulip and not worth a fortune

but if other people think it's worth a
fortune than you'll make a lot of money.

By January 1637, the
price has doubled again.

Now, a few wise investors decide to
sell their shares and make fortunes.

Everything in financial
markets is about timing.

The time you enter a contract
and the time you get out.

Van Goyen hangs on to his confident

that the market will
continue to rise and rise.

I can see myself in his shoes.
He saw the orphans getting rich

and he thought he would like
to be in the mix himself,

that if he didn't get in that he miss
the dou, he missed his chance.

Unfortunately, his
timing was wrong.

Suddenly, on February 3th 1637
at an auction in the city of Haarlem

a consignment of Tulips
bulbs goes unsold.

Within days investors panic and
rushed to sell their shares.

But there are no buyers.

Price is crashed. Tulips
ones sold for 5000 guilders

now worthless.

From boom to bust.

And Dutch investors discovered the
truth that mankind is still learning today,

that the value of investments
can go down as well as up.

Boom and bust have been with
us since trade has been with us.

But what's special about tulip mania
is the fact that people like Van Goyen

non specialist, non-traders
are not qualified to understand

the value of the bulb there
getting involved in this trade,

y frankly, there are not in
position to absorb the risk.

Van Goyen is ruined.

He never makes his fortune,

but in painting his way out of debt
over 1200 pictures and 800 drawings

two becomes one of Holland's
most prolific and greatest artist.

New wealth transform
society in Europe

with new desires and
new temptations.

Leading one group of religious
radicals to reject this world

is corrupt and ungodly

and set out on the journey that will
transform the future of the continent,

North America.

They called themselves pilgroups.

They arrived in a New world and
search of religious freedom.

The pilgrims rejected the
society they were in.

They believed that the only way to
preserved their religious belief pristine

was to get away, to go somewhere
where they wouldn't be bothered

and the most importantly where
their children wouldn't be tempted by

what they had seen in
Holland and England.

"A great hope and even
would seal we had of laying

some great foundation for advancing
the Gospel of the kingdom of Christ

in these remote
parts of the world."

America represent a cleans slay because
to their way of thinking it was empty.

But in within months the pilgrims
are struggling to survive.

Their land at the start of
a bitter New England winter.

Their crops fail.

Malnutrition,
starvation, disease.

A 102 men, women and
children make the crossing.

Six months later 50
of them are dead.

The pilgrims buried their dead at first
light to hide how weaken they become,

because the land they
settled on is not empty.

It belongs to Abenaki.

An encounter between two worlds is
about to shape the future of mankind.

In New England 50 pioneers
prepare to fight for their lives.

The future of the continent
hangs in the balance.

Not all are pilgrims. Among
them a soldier, Miles Standish.

Brave, impulsive, the
groups military commander.

There's somebody out there. Get
the gate in place. Now! Now! Now!

Ladies get inside.

Welcome, Englishman.
Welcome.

3000 miles from home the first
native American pilgrims encounter

greets them in
their own language.

Samoset, a Abenaki chief. His English
learned from earlier visitors to this coast.

I we think back to how fearful
the English are of being here

here's what they might
think is the sign from God.

He actually speaks our language.

It could have been a really
violent encounter and Samoset

he get a lot more credit for that,
brings the things down on ounce.

The next day Samoset brings
another English speaking warrior,

Squanto.

Diplomat, politician, the man
who will teach the pilgrims

to survive in the new world.

Squanto has spent a year in Europe.

Kidnapped and sold
as a slave in Spain.

He wins his freedom and makes his way
to London where he learns English.

Hired as an interpreter
for English merchants

he eventually earns
his passage back home.

William Bradford, governor
of the pilgrims writes:

"Squanto was a special instrument sent
of God and never left until he died."

He guides the pilgrims
through his world,

brokering friendships, alliances, their
survival guide in their new world.

He taught them what he and
his people had learned in isolation

over the millennia.

The crops the pilgrims bring from
Europe had failed in poor sandy soil.

Squanto teaches them to fish and
use their catch as fertilizer.

It's surely must of come as a
revelation to see people using fish

to make the soil
more productive.

To the early pilgrims must
have been quite a surprise.

And the crop they
had never seen before,

corn.

The key to their survival and
still today the most widely grown

crop in the Americas.

William Bredford records:

"We set some 20 acres of corn
according to the man of the Indians.

And now we began together
up the small harvest.

We will well recovered in health
and have all things in plenty."

They discovered perhaps to
their surprise that the Indians

weren't simply a savages
whose simply hunted and fish,

they had grown crops. There
was an exchange of ideas,

each site learn from the other

and its seem like a productive
enterprise on behalf of both sides.

A moment of cooperation all too
rare in the story of the New world.

The pilgrims were important for
what they represent in terms

of Europe's preparations to essentially
explode out across the Atlantic

and reproduce itself.

Not only in North America and South
America other parts of the world as well.

10 percent of all Americans today are
descendants of these first 50 pioneers.

Thousands more will follow.

Within a hundred years
they found great trading cities

that rival those of Europe.

Charleston, Philadelphia,
New York, Boston.

50 pioneers who turned their back
to world devoted to making money

lay the foundations
of the United States,

the greatest trading
nation of the future.

But while corn and cooperation
transforms North America

a new commodity
sweeping the world.

Sugar changes the destiny of
another continent, Africa.

Leading one woman, a warrior queen to
a desperate struggle for her kingdom

and her people.

Ndongo, Central �frica,

today part of northern Angola.

In a struggle for resources that
shapes the world we living today

one woman fights to keep
hold for their kingdom.

Queen Nzinga Mbande.

Skillful strategist,
warrior Queen.

Nzinga was a ferocious
woman, who was the ruler,

but she was very complicated.

Queen Nzinga confronts
of formidable enemy,

Portuguese.

They want her territory and
her people as slaves.

Portuguese plantations in a
New world need a work force

to produce a new crop changing
mankind's taste,

sugar.

Humans are drawn to sweetness
more than any other flavor.

Today we eat up to half of our
body weight in sugar every year.

In the Americas in Caribbean the
Spanish and Portuguese lay out vast

new plantations of sugarcane.

People always want a
luxurious food that taste good

and the hunt for luxury is driven
exploration of the world and the

spread of trade networks.

Agriculture on a new industrial scale,
driving with demand for labour

and the new commodity,

human beings.

Like many African rulers Queen
Nzinga has been selling captives

and prisoners of war
to the Portuguese.

The African slave trade was a conspiracy
unfortunately twin avaricious Europeans

and African elites.

Nzinga was a slave trader who
sell like many of the monarchs

in Africa at that time. But she solved
slaves, other Africans, captives in war,

to defend themselves against
the encroachment on the Portuguese.

But does the sugar trade expands so
does the demand for more African slaves.

Her former trading partners
have turned against her.

They now want her
people as slaves.

In a mountain stronghold she prepares
to defend her kingdom and her people.

Against her not just the Portuguese
but their new African allies.

She was up against the warlords
who were taking advantage

of market for people. They were human
traffickers and they were armed.

With Queen Nzinga her sisters,
princesses Mukambu and Kifujin.

The Ndongo are outnumbered.

Surrounded.

Princesses Mukambu
and Kifujin in slaved.

Over three centuries European slave
traders will transport 50 million

Africans to the New world.

The majority from central Africa.

It's one of the most horrendous painful
moments in modern human history.

Both for Europeans
and for black Africans.

But Queen Nzinga herself escapes.

For the next 20 years until
her death she will fight on

and negotiated and bargained to keep
Ndongo free from Portuguese rule.

I fascinated that there was woman who
as a powerful in the history of Africa,

as Queen Nzinga.

Enormously complicated and
enormously brilliant diplomatic

of figure in African history.

250 years later slavery
will be abolished.

... and forever free.

But mankind's taste for sugar transforms
the face civilization of two continents.

Today almost a fifth of the
population of the Americas

can trace their roots
back to Africa.

And while a New world economy
transforms lives in Africa

across the globe in India the
riches of the Americas

helped turn it its ruler into the
wealthiest man on Earth.

And helped build one of the most
epic monuments on the planet.

1631, Burhanpur
fortress, central India.

The world's richest man on
campaign to consolidate his power,

Shah Jahan.

Emperor of 100 million people.

His name means
"King of the world."

Shah Jahan was the king of kings
touring in the Moguls golden age.

He expanded the reach of empire.

Shah Jahan's
wealth is legendary.

A chronicler describes just
one of his treasure houses:

750 pounds of pearls,
275 pounds of emeralds,

3 silver thrones,
100 gold and silver chairs,

100 thousand silver plates.

Contributing to this wealth a string
of trading ports along India's coast

drawing thousands
of European merchants,

flush with the Americans silver.

Silver just open so many doors for them
and long last they had a trading currency.

They had something that the Asians
wanted. They could acquire textile,

cotton, silk, species, peppers,
cinnamon, exotic Asian commodities.

100 tons of silver
hoard in India each year,

generating millions in
taxes pay to one man,

Shah Jahan.

A renegade noble man khan Jahan Lodi
has rebelled and have been hunted down.

Now, he pays the price.

With the emperor on
campaign his favored wife

in labour with their
fourteenth child.

Her name Mumtaz Mahal,
"The Jewel of the Palace."

He had many many many wives

but she was his first
among the women.

His chroniclers praise her as the
inspiration behind the throne.

But her life is in danger.

She's losing blood.

Neither Shah Jahan's wealth nor
power can save the woman he loves.

Here's the man who has
the world in his hand.

Here's the man who has the
riches that can't be counted

and he has lost his beloved. He
has lost what he cannot hold.

In grief Shah Jahan commissions
of tomb for his beloved wife.

Hundreds of tons of white
marble encrusted with jewels

coast in the equivalent
70 million dollars today.

A lasting monument
to the power of silver,

the Taj Mahal.

Global trade and wealth
on a vast new scale,

creates some of mankind's
most iconic structures.

Bigger, taller. Will
spent next 350 years

building monuments to our economic
power and our connected world.

The riches of the New world unlock

a new global currency,
launching pirates across oceans,

new commodities, new desires

and new conflicts, transforming
every continent on the planet.

that kind globalization
where we are in now,

where the bank collapses an Island can
reapplecross the American Midwest.

That all begins in the 16. century

and begins with the creation
of this universal currency.

Now pioneers push further
into the open spaces of the world.

New adventures,

discoveries in the
age of revolution

that will launch mankind
into the modern world.