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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,540 --> 00:00:03,500 (click) 2 00:00:04,660 --> 00:00:05,620 (click) 3 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:07,860 (click) 4 00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:09,100 (click) 5 00:00:11,940 --> 00:00:12,900 (click) 6 00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:14,540 (click) 7 00:00:15,140 --> 00:00:16,100 (click) 8 00:00:16,700 --> 00:00:17,660 (click) 9 00:00:21,940 --> 00:00:24,500 (wind blowing) 10 00:00:54,700 --> 00:00:58,780 Yes, it was a very nice place. 11 00:00:58,900 --> 00:01:01,340 A good community to grow up in. 12 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:08,780 My name is Anna Rogers. 13 00:01:08,940 --> 00:01:14,420 I was born on the 18th of January 1935. 14 00:01:17,140 --> 00:01:20,740 I lived most of my life in Mullaghderg Mountain. 15 00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:25,620 There was lots of people around, and there were families 16 00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:28,260 in every home around about us. 17 00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:30,220 Everybody knew everybody, 18 00:01:30,380 --> 00:01:33,340 and the people in the community were very close, 19 00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:37,260 and if one was in trouble or needed help, 20 00:01:37,420 --> 00:01:40,060 all the families gathered and helped out. 21 00:01:40,260 --> 00:01:43,180 There were a lady that lived with her mother. 22 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:46,460 Her father was dead, and when she went away 23 00:01:46,620 --> 00:01:49,300 we went up and helped that old lady out. 24 00:01:49,460 --> 00:01:53,420 And my brother Brian would go and take the turf home for her 25 00:01:53,540 --> 00:01:55,500 with the donkey and the cradles. 26 00:01:55,660 --> 00:01:58,900 And people ran about in their bare feet in the summer time, 27 00:01:59,020 --> 00:02:00,660 they didn't have shoes. 28 00:02:02,860 --> 00:02:05,060 You would go the shortcut through the bogs, 29 00:02:05,180 --> 00:02:07,180 and over wee streams, and... 30 00:02:07,300 --> 00:02:08,740 we had lots of fun. 31 00:02:10,420 --> 00:02:15,100 My father would take us down the lake in the boat to the sports. 32 00:02:15,260 --> 00:02:19,060 You have a great view from out there. 33 00:02:22,300 --> 00:02:27,100 You see right out to sea, 34 00:02:27,220 --> 00:02:29,540 out to the horizon. 35 00:02:31,660 --> 00:02:34,060 I'm just trying to think. 36 00:02:34,820 --> 00:02:36,940 Go back and think. 37 00:02:38,980 --> 00:02:40,900 It was all happy memories. 38 00:02:41,020 --> 00:02:42,940 It was all happy memories here. 39 00:02:43,060 --> 00:02:44,300 "Where's the dance tonight? 40 00:02:44,460 --> 00:02:45,980 And where's the dance tomorrow night?" 41 00:02:46,140 --> 00:02:50,060 It was all music, and going to houses at night to talk, and... 42 00:02:52,300 --> 00:02:55,500 You had to depend on what you grew. 43 00:02:55,660 --> 00:02:58,180 You had to make use of what you had yourself. 44 00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:00,260 We had to look after the cows, 45 00:03:00,420 --> 00:03:03,420 and take the cows home, and we had to milk the cows 46 00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:08,060 when we got older, and it's not what you call a very fertile land. 47 00:03:09,820 --> 00:03:12,820 And you had to work hard to look after it. 48 00:03:14,380 --> 00:03:17,380 Me father bought a bicycle for me once, 49 00:03:17,540 --> 00:03:21,900 and the bicycle was made up of all different parts! (laughs) 50 00:03:23,460 --> 00:03:25,540 And I thought I was a millionaire. 51 00:03:27,220 --> 00:03:28,980 People didn't have a lot. 52 00:03:29,140 --> 00:03:31,580 They didn't need a lot, different times. 53 00:03:33,820 --> 00:03:36,140 It's not like now, for everybody, there's too much. 54 00:03:39,260 --> 00:03:41,620 * (quiet, sombre music) 55 00:03:44,660 --> 00:03:47,980 It wasn't an easy place either. 56 00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:53,860 There were a lot of sadness in the area, was all... 57 00:03:54,460 --> 00:03:56,940 But the saddest moment we had was 58 00:03:57,100 --> 00:04:01,060 all them coffins lined up in the hall in Mullaghduff, 59 00:04:01,180 --> 00:04:03,380 and the blood seeping out of them, 60 00:04:03,540 --> 00:04:07,100 and they weren't.... they weren't whole people. 61 00:04:27,940 --> 00:04:30,700 It took a long time to get over that. 62 00:04:35,020 --> 00:04:36,420 A very long time. 63 00:04:53,860 --> 00:04:57,500 But somebody else will talk to you about that. 64 00:05:01,340 --> 00:05:05,220 (dog barks) 65 00:05:13,140 --> 00:05:15,820 It's Monty Don, is it? (laughs) 66 00:05:16,940 --> 00:05:18,420 Yeah, well, we have the... 67 00:05:18,540 --> 00:05:20,980 (dog whines) 68 00:05:21,100 --> 00:05:22,500 Rosie! 69 00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:24,780 Rosie? 70 00:05:26,620 --> 00:05:29,940 Right, well, we'll just have the, eh, flowers 71 00:05:30,060 --> 00:05:31,460 and all sorts of things there. 72 00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:34,980 And then we have the herbs. We cook a lot with the herbs. 73 00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:37,780 My name is Jimmy Duffy. 74 00:05:37,940 --> 00:05:42,540 I delve into local history, and all that goes with it. 75 00:05:44,660 --> 00:05:47,780 I was born listening about it. I heard about it, 76 00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:50,740 my mother talked about it all the time. 77 00:05:51,700 --> 00:05:56,900 We used to go to Mullaghduff to my grandad, closer to the area. 78 00:05:57,060 --> 00:06:00,340 They wouldn't talk too much about it. 79 00:06:00,900 --> 00:06:02,540 Right, Rosie! 80 00:06:02,820 --> 00:06:04,060 You happy out? 81 00:06:04,180 --> 00:06:05,580 She's a bit of a hard life. 82 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:07,660 She had an accident when she was a year old. 83 00:06:08,860 --> 00:06:11,060 She'd a leg came off about five years ago. 84 00:06:12,180 --> 00:06:14,220 She's been through it. 85 00:06:21,580 --> 00:06:24,820 Aye. On my wee foot there. She... 86 00:06:24,940 --> 00:06:26,620 She's been sick again. 87 00:06:26,740 --> 00:06:28,420 She's like a baby. 88 00:06:28,740 --> 00:06:32,980 This community at the time probably had about 200 people. 89 00:06:33,180 --> 00:06:36,220 Everybody was on the one level. 90 00:06:36,380 --> 00:06:40,020 Nobody was any much richer than the other, per se. 91 00:06:40,140 --> 00:06:42,660 But they had a system. 92 00:06:42,820 --> 00:06:45,420 They would put the thatch on their own house, they would, for the... 93 00:06:45,580 --> 00:06:49,260 They would do lot of things that a lot of people today couldn't do. 94 00:06:49,380 --> 00:06:51,580 They were self-sufficient. 95 00:06:53,660 --> 00:06:57,140 There is this wider theme of where Donegal fits in 96 00:06:57,260 --> 00:06:59,460 when it comes to priorities. 97 00:06:59,620 --> 00:07:01,660 The theme that goes right back, you could argue, 98 00:07:01,780 --> 00:07:03,540 to previous centuries, 99 00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:06,180 even the idea of Donegal at the outer edge, 100 00:07:06,340 --> 00:07:08,180 that there are communications issues, 101 00:07:08,300 --> 00:07:10,180 that there's distance from Dublin. 102 00:07:10,340 --> 00:07:12,500 And as a consequence of partition as well, 103 00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:15,420 there were those who felt that Donegal, whilst, of course, 104 00:07:15,540 --> 00:07:17,180 being a part of the Republic, 105 00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,060 felt quite on the edge of that Republic. 106 00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:22,660 That feeling lasts to this day, 107 00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:25,060 and it's not an irrelevant issue 108 00:07:25,220 --> 00:07:27,660 when it comes to the Ballymanus disaster either. 109 00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:29,380 I'm still surprised to this day 110 00:07:29,540 --> 00:07:34,780 how neglected it is, given the loss of life. 111 00:07:34,900 --> 00:07:35,940 It was devastating, 112 00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:40,660 and for such a small, isolated community in West Donegal, 113 00:07:40,820 --> 00:07:44,020 it must have reverberated down through the decades 114 00:07:44,140 --> 00:07:45,700 in a very traumatic way. 115 00:07:45,860 --> 00:07:50,740 Was there a tendency for it to lie under the radar? 116 00:07:51,540 --> 00:07:55,580 It being known that these families were unlikely to be 117 00:07:55,740 --> 00:07:58,660 a thorn in the side of the political establishment. 118 00:07:59,260 --> 00:08:01,020 (film camera running) 119 00:08:03,100 --> 00:08:05,700 The last stroke of midnight dies. 120 00:08:08,220 --> 00:08:10,580 All day in the one chair 121 00:08:12,140 --> 00:08:16,180 From dream to dream and rhyme to rhyme I have ranged. 122 00:08:17,900 --> 00:08:21,420 In rambling talk with an image of air: 123 00:08:24,340 --> 00:08:26,300 Vague memories, 124 00:08:27,380 --> 00:08:29,700 nothing but memories. 125 00:08:35,100 --> 00:08:38,540 (Jimmy Duffy) People as they get older, they tend to look at 126 00:08:38,700 --> 00:08:41,900 who they are themselves and what moulded them. 127 00:08:42,060 --> 00:08:46,540 In this case, their lives have been moulded by the actions 128 00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:49,580 that happened on the 10th of May 1943. 129 00:08:49,740 --> 00:08:53,980 They probably never got away from the ghosts 130 00:08:54,140 --> 00:08:56,740 that haunted them through their life. 131 00:08:59,980 --> 00:09:02,580 * (brooding music, birds calling) 132 00:09:04,420 --> 00:09:06,940 They basically lost a generation. 133 00:09:07,100 --> 00:09:09,820 There's no other way to describe it. 134 00:09:11,860 --> 00:09:17,780 The story goes that on that fateful day, something was spotted 135 00:09:17,900 --> 00:09:20,380 on the shores off Ballymanus. 136 00:09:20,540 --> 00:09:22,540 They didn't really know what it was. 137 00:09:22,700 --> 00:09:25,820 They wasn't sure, but it was bobbing in the waters 138 00:09:25,980 --> 00:09:30,340 just off the, as we call them now, the Disaster Rocks. 139 00:09:46,380 --> 00:09:52,740 It had spikes like horns coming out of the side of it. 140 00:10:15,620 --> 00:10:17,500 Word would have trickled through 141 00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:18,980 that there was something coming in, 142 00:10:19,140 --> 00:10:20,980 and I was heading that direction towards 143 00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:24,380 the Mullaghderg, Ballymanus shore. 144 00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:28,580 She was in the vicinity, very close, right, 145 00:10:28,740 --> 00:10:31,700 the tide, I think, was just getting higher. 146 00:10:33,020 --> 00:10:37,300 I think it was six o'clock on a lovely summer's evening. 147 00:10:38,060 --> 00:10:43,100 Of course, young people as they are, had to go and investigate. 148 00:10:43,260 --> 00:10:45,660 My father was in Mullaghduff at the time. 149 00:10:45,820 --> 00:10:50,380 He remembers crowds of people going down to have a look, 150 00:10:50,540 --> 00:10:53,140 and it transpired that it was a mine. 151 00:10:53,700 --> 00:10:55,740 * (sinister music, waves lapping) 152 00:11:00,700 --> 00:11:02,860 There was always going to be huge interest 153 00:11:02,980 --> 00:11:05,340 in what was being washed up 154 00:11:05,500 --> 00:11:08,300 or coming close to the shore during the Second World War, 155 00:11:08,420 --> 00:11:09,980 because it was an opportunity, 156 00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:13,460 perhaps, for some valuable material to become available 157 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:16,380 to them in their everyday lives or in their working lives. 158 00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:20,540 Boats at that time were coming across the Atlantic in convoys, 159 00:11:20,700 --> 00:11:23,700 and German U-boats were sinking them. 160 00:11:23,860 --> 00:11:27,180 And as they were sinking them, cargo was coming overboard. 161 00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:31,540 Logs of wood, lumps of lard and candle wax... 162 00:11:31,660 --> 00:11:33,540 The level of awareness, 163 00:11:33,700 --> 00:11:36,220 education that would have existed about the 164 00:11:36,380 --> 00:11:39,620 potential for great damage is another question. 165 00:11:39,740 --> 00:11:43,020 How much was known about mines? 166 00:11:43,140 --> 00:11:44,900 What the consequences could be 167 00:11:45,060 --> 00:11:48,780 if there was interference with an unknown quantity. 168 00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:52,740 It was coming in close to a place called Port Tabhóige , 169 00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:56,220 which means "the landing place of the crows". 170 00:11:56,380 --> 00:11:59,300 The coast watcher was Morgan Dunleavy, 171 00:11:59,460 --> 00:12:01,460 and he was there, present there, 172 00:12:01,620 --> 00:12:03,540 because he was local and he heard about it. 173 00:12:03,700 --> 00:12:07,260 He was probably stuck between a rock in a hard place because 174 00:12:07,380 --> 00:12:09,380 he tried his best to stay, 175 00:12:09,540 --> 00:12:13,220 to warn the people off it, and observe the situation. 176 00:12:13,380 --> 00:12:16,420 But also if he was to phone for help, 177 00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:19,980 he would have to leave. (waves crashing) 178 00:12:21,100 --> 00:12:22,980 I was described that it was 179 00:12:23,100 --> 00:12:26,820 8 to 10 foot high, when beached. 180 00:12:29,180 --> 00:12:33,780 It came in. They all ran for cover down here on these sand dunes, 181 00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:36,460 and I suppose there were a kind of a silence. 182 00:12:36,580 --> 00:12:37,820 Nothing happened. 183 00:12:37,940 --> 00:12:39,100 She must be okay. 184 00:12:41,740 --> 00:12:44,500 At that point, it was nearly dark. 185 00:12:44,660 --> 00:12:48,860 Mr. Dunleavy had to go and alert the ordnance people 186 00:12:48,980 --> 00:12:51,700 to come and defuse the mine. 187 00:12:52,660 --> 00:12:54,700 He told everybody "Stand back", 188 00:12:54,860 --> 00:12:58,340 and at that stage, he left on a motorbike. 189 00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:02,260 And he was at Mullaghduff Hall when the mine blew up. 190 00:13:02,380 --> 00:13:03,980 (wave crashes) 191 00:13:30,860 --> 00:13:33,820 This almighty blast went off. 192 00:13:33,940 --> 00:13:35,580 My mother was standing on the door. 193 00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:36,980 She said "What happened?" 194 00:13:37,140 --> 00:13:39,180 I said "I don't know, I don't know!" 195 00:13:39,340 --> 00:13:42,660 It was heard in Derry, 70 miles away. 196 00:13:42,820 --> 00:13:47,220 The shock broke the windows of the houses in Ballymanus. 197 00:13:47,380 --> 00:13:51,220 A relation of my own was milking the cows in the byre, 198 00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:54,580 and he thought the byre fell on top of him. 199 00:13:55,220 --> 00:13:57,020 He lost his two boys. 200 00:13:57,140 --> 00:14:00,140 So the byre did fall on top of him, 201 00:14:00,260 --> 00:14:01,500 his life fell on top of him. 202 00:14:01,660 --> 00:14:03,260 * (dramatic music, waves crashing) 203 00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:13,980 Then the news soon got out, and everybody started going down, 204 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:17,940 women and men, screaming, crying. 205 00:14:18,100 --> 00:14:21,900 Most of my school friends, you know, 206 00:14:22,020 --> 00:14:25,460 there were a lot of them killed. 207 00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:54,540 Well, it was described in newspapers and different places. 208 00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:58,060 I think it was gruesome. 209 00:14:58,220 --> 00:15:00,620 Newspapers at the time were quite frank 210 00:15:00,740 --> 00:15:04,180 in referring to the mutilations, 211 00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:06,500 to the mangled state of the bodies, 212 00:15:06,620 --> 00:15:09,860 to these low groans from those 213 00:15:09,980 --> 00:15:12,860 who had survived, but were dying. 214 00:15:13,020 --> 00:15:15,580 On this strand that we're standing on now, 215 00:15:15,740 --> 00:15:19,860 there was people carrying their own relatives' body parts 216 00:15:20,020 --> 00:15:23,500 identified by their colour of their jersey or whatever. 217 00:15:27,580 --> 00:15:29,580 Sixteen of them killed outright. 218 00:15:29,740 --> 00:15:34,620 There was one of them kicking back, and he died that night up at home. 219 00:15:34,780 --> 00:15:38,260 The next day, another body came from Letterkenny 220 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:40,500 and the other boy died the following week 221 00:15:40,620 --> 00:15:42,620 from the loss of blood. 222 00:15:42,780 --> 00:15:45,900 Eleven of them was under 18 years of age. 223 00:15:49,100 --> 00:15:51,820 There was also bodies sitting there... 224 00:15:51,980 --> 00:15:54,420 with the last expression that was on their face... 225 00:15:56,460 --> 00:15:57,580 of laughter. 226 00:16:02,940 --> 00:16:03,380 (click) 227 00:16:12,100 --> 00:16:14,900 Everybody was so happy, and 228 00:16:15,260 --> 00:16:18,540 the girls stayed on one side of the hall and the boys on the other, 229 00:16:18,700 --> 00:16:21,820 and you had to wait for somebody to come and ask you to dance. 230 00:16:24,220 --> 00:16:27,460 (laughing) And if you were a wallflower, God help ya! 231 00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:31,500 All the young people would gather there, 232 00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:34,500 and there were a priest in Kincasslagh, 233 00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:38,940 and he would go up, and a big blackthorn stick with him, 234 00:16:39,100 --> 00:16:41,060 and he would chase them all, and he'd be 235 00:16:41,180 --> 00:16:43,380 hitting them with the stick. 236 00:16:43,980 --> 00:16:47,140 He would be saying you were going to hell! 237 00:16:47,300 --> 00:16:50,420 He just didn't like them all to be having fun, 238 00:16:50,580 --> 00:16:53,380 and he thought that wasn't good for the soul. 239 00:16:56,020 --> 00:16:58,260 Yes, we had good fun at the dancing. 240 00:16:59,020 --> 00:17:01,500 Yes, and, eh... I had all me brothers, 241 00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:04,380 me cousins going to the dancing, and they would always come 242 00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:05,780 and dance with you. 243 00:17:07,500 --> 00:17:09,540 So you never had to sit out. 244 00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:16,100 (waves breaking) 245 00:17:17,100 --> 00:17:21,460 They lifted all the remains, that they could see anyway, 246 00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:24,380 and took the coffins to Mullaghduff Hall. 247 00:17:26,340 --> 00:17:28,860 Later that night, around maybe half 10 248 00:17:29,020 --> 00:17:33,340 or 11 o'clock, there was going to be a dance in it. 249 00:17:33,500 --> 00:17:36,700 And instead of a dance, it was a wake. 250 00:17:45,580 --> 00:17:48,780 If the doctors and things came out, they would have to be 251 00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:50,620 paid, I suppose. 252 00:17:50,780 --> 00:17:55,900 The people had no money then, to pay for anything. 253 00:17:56,060 --> 00:17:57,940 They probably could have saved them, 254 00:17:58,100 --> 00:18:01,940 some of them fellas that were killed. 255 00:18:02,420 --> 00:18:06,460 But they had to just leave them and let them die. 256 00:18:07,300 --> 00:18:11,060 My aunt, Cissy, she was on her way back home, 257 00:18:11,220 --> 00:18:14,300 and she met a man called Mickyfiddy Hamish, 258 00:18:14,460 --> 00:18:17,700 and he told her that her brother was 259 00:18:17,860 --> 00:18:23,180 dead and that her mother, Anne, had gone missing. 260 00:18:23,300 --> 00:18:25,260 Anne took it real bad. 261 00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:30,180 She basically disappeared for the full night, 262 00:18:30,340 --> 00:18:35,580 and, eh, she returned the next day, but she was 263 00:18:35,740 --> 00:18:39,380 a broken woman for a long period of time. 264 00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:42,380 You can imagine the hysterical nature of it. 265 00:18:42,540 --> 00:18:45,460 They had a makeshift morgue in the hall in Mullaghduff. 266 00:18:45,660 --> 00:18:49,180 You had the Gardaí, you had the ordnance people, 267 00:18:49,340 --> 00:18:54,460 you had the Red Cross, you had the army, and you had the priests. 268 00:18:54,620 --> 00:19:00,060 And the priests, I suppose, wanted to be in ultimate control. 269 00:19:00,380 --> 00:19:04,380 Over 90% of the population of southern Ireland 270 00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:07,100 in the 1930s is Catholic. 271 00:19:07,260 --> 00:19:11,740 In many respects, it was a Catholic state for a Catholic people. 272 00:19:11,900 --> 00:19:14,460 And when we think about pillars of the community, 273 00:19:14,620 --> 00:19:17,900 we have to, of course, place the parish priest at the very top, 274 00:19:18,060 --> 00:19:20,900 because that's how they were seen in their communities at the time. 275 00:19:21,020 --> 00:19:22,340 Many of them enjoy that. 276 00:19:22,460 --> 00:19:25,180 Some of them abuse that power. 277 00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:31,820 When you consider the manifestations of Catholic identity, 278 00:19:31,980 --> 00:19:36,420 of Catholic power, of Catholic control, they're everywhere. 279 00:19:36,580 --> 00:19:40,740 Industrial schools, reformatories, Magdalene laundries... 280 00:19:40,900 --> 00:19:45,020 There's widespread obedience to the strict rules that are being 281 00:19:45,140 --> 00:19:47,460 overseen by the Catholic Church. 282 00:19:47,620 --> 00:19:50,620 There's a widespread belief amongst Irish Catholics 283 00:19:50,780 --> 00:19:52,900 that the Catholic Church is the greatest force for good 284 00:19:53,020 --> 00:19:55,140 in the country. 285 00:19:57,020 --> 00:20:01,820 Some of the older women born around about the hungry times, 286 00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:07,500 they still had the old tradition of caoineadh. 287 00:20:07,660 --> 00:20:10,340 Coming from the Irish word, caoineadh, 288 00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:13,580 it was a custom It was just about dying out at the time. 289 00:20:13,740 --> 00:20:17,180 It was akin to something a bard would do for his chieftain, 290 00:20:17,340 --> 00:20:19,820 where he would praise the chieftain to no end. 291 00:20:19,980 --> 00:20:23,180 It was done in Irish, and it was mixed with prayers, 292 00:20:23,340 --> 00:20:25,980 and a kind of a wailing sound like a banshee. 293 00:20:26,140 --> 00:20:28,660 The priests were totally against this 294 00:20:28,820 --> 00:20:31,900 because it was associated with Celtic religion, 295 00:20:32,060 --> 00:20:34,620 and they were trying to suppress that. 296 00:20:34,780 --> 00:20:36,780 So they thought "We'll stamp this down," 297 00:20:36,900 --> 00:20:38,180 and they did stamp it down. 298 00:20:38,340 --> 00:20:40,540 They reared up and they took control. 299 00:20:40,700 --> 00:20:46,060 The priest stamped one of the coffins with his blackthorn stick. 300 00:20:46,220 --> 00:20:52,260 And at this man of the cloth stopped the people from mourning 301 00:20:52,380 --> 00:20:54,460 in their traditional way. 302 00:20:56,060 --> 00:20:59,380 Comments that are reported at the time about respecting the collar, 303 00:20:59,540 --> 00:21:04,220 and the clergy banging the coffins and, you know, 304 00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,580 talking about making the community look like fools 305 00:21:08,740 --> 00:21:12,060 because of what happened, and really blaming the victims 306 00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,500 for the fact that they were on the beach. 307 00:21:15,660 --> 00:21:20,380 It was unreal because the mourning was completely different. 308 00:21:20,540 --> 00:21:23,100 It was removed from the family home. 309 00:21:25,140 --> 00:21:29,020 The privacy of the mourning and everything was interrupted. 310 00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:35,260 If there was a wake about, 311 00:21:35,420 --> 00:21:37,820 all the neighbours would come and they would sit up, 312 00:21:37,980 --> 00:21:42,540 and they would pray the rosary at twelve o'clock. 313 00:21:42,660 --> 00:21:45,980 And they would sit up to morning, 314 00:21:46,140 --> 00:21:49,340 and they wouldn't leave the house until 315 00:21:49,500 --> 00:21:52,900 somebody would come in in the morning to relieve them. 316 00:21:53,060 --> 00:21:58,220 And everybody was very attentive to things like that, yeah. 317 00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:00,620 And very supportive. 318 00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:06,300 It got worse because the people were removed from the wake. 319 00:22:06,460 --> 00:22:09,860 That was for the process of identification. 320 00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:14,980 Everybody was told that was his coffin, that was your coffin. 321 00:22:15,140 --> 00:22:18,020 But maybe in that coffin, there would be only a shoe. 322 00:22:18,140 --> 00:22:20,140 They couldn't tell who was in them, 323 00:22:20,300 --> 00:22:23,420 but they would pretend that they knew. 324 00:22:26,860 --> 00:22:32,900 And after a year, the hall in Mullaghduff was reopened. 325 00:22:33,060 --> 00:22:37,420 Dances were resumed, and the physical mark of the blood 326 00:22:37,580 --> 00:22:41,260 of the victims was still on that floor, forever more. 327 00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:50,540 Lieutenant Dunleavy could tell people of the danger, 328 00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:53,660 but he couldn't tell people what to do. 329 00:22:53,780 --> 00:22:56,220 He didn't have that authority. 330 00:22:56,420 --> 00:22:59,500 That was the authority that lay with the Garda Síochána 331 00:22:59,620 --> 00:23:01,660 and he didn't have that help. 332 00:23:05,260 --> 00:23:09,860 The Irish police force for this new state, what was the Civic Guard, 333 00:23:10,020 --> 00:23:11,820 and then becomes An Garda Síochána, 334 00:23:12,020 --> 00:23:15,940 one of the great challenges is to get An Garda Síochána accepted 335 00:23:16,100 --> 00:23:19,300 as the legitimate police force, as an acceptable police force. 336 00:23:19,420 --> 00:23:21,300 That eventually happens. 337 00:23:21,460 --> 00:23:22,940 There is a certain distance, of course, 338 00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:26,980 between the police and those they are responsible for policing. 339 00:23:27,100 --> 00:23:28,100 That's inevitable, 340 00:23:28,260 --> 00:23:30,700 but they do have significant social standing. 341 00:23:30,860 --> 00:23:36,620 A Garda is regarded as a pillar of the community. 342 00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:04,940 They were fishing at the back of Inishfree, 343 00:24:05,060 --> 00:24:06,220 and they seen the mine, 344 00:24:06,380 --> 00:24:10,340 and they put one of the younger guys up to Annagry. 345 00:24:10,460 --> 00:24:12,620 He went into the Garda station, 346 00:24:12,780 --> 00:24:17,500 and he said "There's a mine approaching the shore." 347 00:24:17,660 --> 00:24:23,660 The Garda never lifted his head, never acknowledged him. 348 00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:27,060 So the mine was reported at least three times, 349 00:24:27,220 --> 00:24:29,460 if not more, to the Gardaí. 350 00:24:30,940 --> 00:24:34,900 They had, by law, to have an inquest, and that inquest was held 351 00:24:35,020 --> 00:24:37,340 a month after the disaster. 352 00:24:39,420 --> 00:24:44,380 By the flickering dim light of three matches and a small hand lamp, 353 00:24:44,540 --> 00:24:48,820 the verdict of the coroner's jury on the Ballymanus mine disaster 354 00:24:48,940 --> 00:24:50,820 was recorded late on Friday night. 355 00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:53,540 The very Reverend Canon MacAteer, the parish priest, 356 00:24:53,660 --> 00:24:55,260 counselled the bereaved 357 00:24:55,380 --> 00:24:58,020 to now let the matter rest, 358 00:24:58,140 --> 00:25:01,020 and content themselves with prayer 359 00:25:01,180 --> 00:25:05,940 for the happy repose of the souls of the victims. 360 00:25:06,060 --> 00:25:08,460 The inquest gave some information. 361 00:25:08,620 --> 00:25:11,420 That was published in the papers, and that was the narrative, 362 00:25:11,540 --> 00:25:14,740 but it wasn't the true facts. 363 00:25:16,980 --> 00:25:21,020 Researching about it and trying to get a bit of truth, 364 00:25:21,180 --> 00:25:24,860 everybody had their own version of it. 365 00:25:25,060 --> 00:25:28,620 They asked Garda Boylan when did he get the notification, 366 00:25:28,780 --> 00:25:32,100 and he said it was a quarter to seven in the evening, 367 00:25:32,260 --> 00:25:35,820 which was maybe when he got the first notification, 368 00:25:35,980 --> 00:25:38,420 but it wasn't the first notification 369 00:25:38,540 --> 00:25:39,620 that went to the barracks. 370 00:25:39,780 --> 00:25:44,900 They asked him who was present in the barracks, and he said it was 371 00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:49,780 him, the other Guard, and Sergeant Allen. 372 00:25:49,940 --> 00:25:53,140 This is the statement of Sergeant F. Allen. 373 00:25:53,300 --> 00:25:56,300 "Beyond conveying the report to Lieutenant Dunleavy, 374 00:25:56,420 --> 00:25:58,740 I did not do anything in the matter. 375 00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:00,860 I did not proceed to the scene, 376 00:26:01,020 --> 00:26:04,900 nor did I send any of the other members to the scene. 377 00:26:05,060 --> 00:26:08,620 I knew, however, that Lieutenant Dunleavy had gone to the scene, 378 00:26:08,740 --> 00:26:11,100 and I remained to wait word from him 379 00:26:11,260 --> 00:26:14,180 as I took it that if the mine was coming ashore, 380 00:26:14,300 --> 00:26:16,660 he would send me word." 381 00:26:16,820 --> 00:26:20,820 That would suggest, of course, that he was passing the buck, 382 00:26:20,940 --> 00:26:22,700 that this was the responsibility 383 00:26:22,860 --> 00:26:24,980 of the coastguard, of the Marine Watch, 384 00:26:25,140 --> 00:26:29,100 as opposed to being my direct responsibility. 385 00:26:29,300 --> 00:26:31,220 The instruction to the Garda Síochána 386 00:26:31,380 --> 00:26:34,860 relating to mines which are washed ashore reads as follows. 387 00:26:35,020 --> 00:26:38,140 "The member in charge will immediately take such steps 388 00:26:38,260 --> 00:26:40,020 as are necessary to ensure 389 00:26:40,180 --> 00:26:44,340 that no one approaches to within 500 yards of the article... 390 00:26:44,500 --> 00:26:46,980 You will observe from the reports that this instruction 391 00:26:47,140 --> 00:26:49,620 was not observed by the local Gardaí 392 00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:52,180 inasmuch as they did not take any steps 393 00:26:52,340 --> 00:26:55,460 to prevent members of the public from approaching the mine. 394 00:26:55,620 --> 00:26:59,740 The Department of Defence do not consider that any useful purpose 395 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:02,780 would be served by holding any enquiry 396 00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:05,260 other than an inquest in this case." 397 00:27:05,420 --> 00:27:07,700 There seems to be an attempt to close this down 398 00:27:07,820 --> 00:27:09,220 at a very early stage. 399 00:27:09,380 --> 00:27:15,220 We don't want this developing a lifespan beyond the inquest, 400 00:27:15,380 --> 00:27:19,900 the difficult questions that the Ballymanus tragedy gave rise to. 401 00:27:20,060 --> 00:27:22,900 Why the hell wasn't that area cordoned off? 402 00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:26,300 There were very clear instructions to Guards about what to do 403 00:27:26,460 --> 00:27:29,580 in the event of a mine appearing near the seashore. 404 00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:30,660 You cordon it off. 405 00:27:30,820 --> 00:27:34,420 You don't let anyone within 500 yards of that area. 406 00:27:34,540 --> 00:27:36,020 Why wasn't that done? 407 00:27:36,180 --> 00:27:38,340 * (sombre music, waves lapping) 408 00:27:52,580 --> 00:27:54,180 And like many other scandals, 409 00:27:54,340 --> 00:27:57,900 within 24 hours of those young men losing their lives, 410 00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:01,300 the Garda was shipped out to a different area. 411 00:28:01,460 --> 00:28:05,100 The night of the inquest, he wasn't present. 412 00:28:05,260 --> 00:28:07,860 He should have been present, but if he was present, 413 00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:10,140 he would probably be lynched. 414 00:28:10,300 --> 00:28:15,220 Some people were blaming the coast watcher, but ultimately, 415 00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:17,300 they were blaming Sergeant Allen, 416 00:28:17,460 --> 00:28:21,460 because he was the man who could take charge. 417 00:28:21,620 --> 00:28:26,260 But in saying that, I think that if your sergeant is intoxicated, 418 00:28:26,420 --> 00:28:28,500 there's somebody who should be next in charge. 419 00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:31,140 And they seemed to have, in the inquest, 420 00:28:31,300 --> 00:28:34,260 brushed over the Garda in the barracks. 421 00:28:34,380 --> 00:28:36,180 They said they had no authority. 422 00:28:38,660 --> 00:28:42,180 Present at the inquest was members of the clergy, 423 00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:44,660 the Garda Síochána, and TDs. 424 00:28:44,780 --> 00:28:46,980 There was a number of things noted. 425 00:28:47,140 --> 00:28:50,100 One of the things was that there were going to be an inquiry, 426 00:28:50,220 --> 00:28:53,180 but that inquiry never happened. 427 00:28:53,340 --> 00:28:56,580 "The Chief Superintendent has expressed the opinion 428 00:28:56,740 --> 00:28:59,020 that the request for the inquiry was made 429 00:28:59,180 --> 00:29:02,180 on account of hostility against the local sergeant, 430 00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:08,500 who was, of course, guilty of grave neglect of duty in this matter. 431 00:29:08,660 --> 00:29:11,700 On Saturday last, Canon MacAteer, the local parish priest, 432 00:29:11,860 --> 00:29:14,900 had a conference with the two local curates... 433 00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:16,380 and they came to the conclusion 434 00:29:16,540 --> 00:29:19,180 that nothing would be gained by an inquiry." 435 00:29:19,340 --> 00:29:22,540 There are an awful lot of things going on here at local level. 436 00:29:22,700 --> 00:29:26,180 We can speculate about some of them, but there are also some things 437 00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:28,060 that are emphatically clear. 438 00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:32,140 It is stated here without any ambiguity 439 00:29:32,300 --> 00:29:35,900 that the sergeant, of course, was guilty of grave neglect of duty 440 00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:38,420 in this matter. And this reference as well 441 00:29:38,580 --> 00:29:40,900 to the local parish priest having a conference 442 00:29:41,060 --> 00:29:43,060 with the local curates. Well, it's clear 443 00:29:43,180 --> 00:29:45,940 where the decision-making forum is. 444 00:29:51,060 --> 00:29:54,340 This is an account from Superintendent Lean, 445 00:29:54,500 --> 00:29:57,540 who mentioned he was approached Mr. Cormac Breslin, TD. 446 00:29:57,700 --> 00:30:01,540 "He said that it would be ridiculous to hold an inquiry, 447 00:30:01,700 --> 00:30:04,460 that would only show up the local people 448 00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:08,740 as an ignorant, stubborn lot who had no respect for authority." 449 00:30:08,900 --> 00:30:12,220 This is quite remarkable that Cormac Breslin, 450 00:30:12,380 --> 00:30:17,660 who went on to represent Donegal until 1977. 451 00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:20,020 So he's at the beginning of a very long career. 452 00:30:20,140 --> 00:30:22,380 The use of that word "ridiculous", 453 00:30:22,540 --> 00:30:24,940 that it would be ridiculous to hold an inquiry. 454 00:30:25,100 --> 00:30:28,620 And that great fear of how the locals would be depicted. 455 00:30:28,740 --> 00:30:29,900 What will this reveal? 456 00:30:30,060 --> 00:30:34,780 Will this provide an opportunity for people to depict the people 457 00:30:34,940 --> 00:30:37,060 I represent as some kind of half-wits, 458 00:30:37,180 --> 00:30:38,980 who don't respect authority, 459 00:30:39,140 --> 00:30:44,500 who are ignorant of the realities of modern warfare and its dangers. 460 00:30:44,620 --> 00:30:48,020 For a TD, and it's in the name, 461 00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:50,380 there was a big debate when this state was set up 462 00:30:50,540 --> 00:30:52,900 as to what would members of parliament be called, 463 00:30:53,100 --> 00:30:55,660 and it was settled on that there would be Teachtaí Dála, 464 00:30:55,820 --> 00:30:57,780 they would be the messengers of the people. 465 00:30:57,940 --> 00:31:02,100 It appears that the TD in question had a different agenda, 466 00:31:02,260 --> 00:31:05,900 and that isn't, in my view, the role of a TD. 467 00:31:06,060 --> 00:31:08,980 I think the role of a TD was to listen. 468 00:31:09,140 --> 00:31:11,820 "It was then decided that a further meeting would be held 469 00:31:11,980 --> 00:31:15,220 to decide definitely the question of the demand for an inquiry. 470 00:31:15,380 --> 00:31:18,820 I received a phone message from the Reverend Canon MacAteer, 471 00:31:18,980 --> 00:31:21,620 parish priest... He expressed himself very strongly 472 00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:24,580 about being double-crossed by these people 473 00:31:24,740 --> 00:31:28,340 and intimated that he would find out as to who was responsible 474 00:31:28,460 --> 00:31:30,580 for this further demand, etc. 475 00:31:30,740 --> 00:31:33,980 stating that he was under the impression that the question 476 00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:36,540 of an inquiry was finished." 477 00:31:36,660 --> 00:31:37,900 Wow. 478 00:31:38,060 --> 00:31:39,660 The question of an inquiry was finished 479 00:31:39,820 --> 00:31:42,660 because he had decided that it was finished, 480 00:31:42,780 --> 00:31:44,980 and he's not one bit happy about 481 00:31:45,140 --> 00:31:47,940 what seems to be either a direct or an indirect challenge 482 00:31:48,060 --> 00:31:51,140 to his authority, to his word. 483 00:31:53,140 --> 00:31:57,020 It was an Ireland that never had ordinary people's interests 484 00:31:57,180 --> 00:32:01,140 at the heart. That allowed for, and this is what I can't understand, 485 00:32:01,260 --> 00:32:03,220 how somebody put pen to paper 486 00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:05,940 and basically said, "no public inquiry here". 487 00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:10,020 You do have the esteemed pillars of the community 488 00:32:10,180 --> 00:32:16,340 that do revolve around priest, police, politicians. 489 00:32:16,460 --> 00:32:18,380 They are watching each other's back. 490 00:32:18,540 --> 00:32:21,580 They would have worked in concert with each other, and perhaps 491 00:32:21,740 --> 00:32:25,900 would have regarded an attack on one as being an attack on them all. 492 00:32:28,180 --> 00:32:31,380 What the state has said on a number of occasions now, 493 00:32:31,540 --> 00:32:33,900 because I'm not the only person to raise this in the Seanad, 494 00:32:34,020 --> 00:32:35,060 a couple of years previous, 495 00:32:35,220 --> 00:32:38,540 is that they've expressed condolences. 496 00:32:38,700 --> 00:32:40,700 Condolences is when something happens 497 00:32:40,820 --> 00:32:42,660 that is outside your control. 498 00:32:42,820 --> 00:32:45,900 But that's not what we're talking about here. 499 00:32:46,060 --> 00:32:48,620 The fact that it happened so many years ago 500 00:32:48,740 --> 00:32:51,940 doesn't make it any different. 501 00:32:52,460 --> 00:32:53,980 You know, if you come to that community, 502 00:32:54,100 --> 00:32:56,220 it's a very proud community, 503 00:32:56,340 --> 00:32:58,460 a community that still hurts. 504 00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:04,460 Because there's never a wrong time to do the right thing. 505 00:33:04,620 --> 00:33:07,980 Now is the time to actually stand up and say "We failed you." 506 00:33:09,660 --> 00:33:13,540 By not cordoning off that area, by shutting down the questions 507 00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:16,380 that you had, that many of you are no longer here 508 00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:18,660 to actually hear the answers of. 509 00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:25,260 I think the hurt that people had 510 00:33:25,380 --> 00:33:27,060 at the time helped the authorities 511 00:33:27,180 --> 00:33:28,940 to brush it under the carpet. 512 00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:33,580 There's definitely a degree of manipulation there. 513 00:33:33,740 --> 00:33:37,100 If you have suffered that level of trauma, 514 00:33:37,220 --> 00:33:40,060 consider what those people had seen, 515 00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:44,020 you can only imagine the devastation of the scenes 516 00:33:44,140 --> 00:33:46,580 on that beach as the light faded. 517 00:33:46,700 --> 00:33:48,540 There were body parts everywhere. 518 00:33:49,220 --> 00:33:52,460 They're the kind of scenes that would never leave people. 519 00:33:53,060 --> 00:33:57,260 Sometimes when you're reading these, what really are instructions 520 00:33:57,420 --> 00:34:01,860 from the parish priest, they do seem very... 521 00:34:01,980 --> 00:34:03,660 patronising. 522 00:34:05,660 --> 00:34:10,340 Em... Yeah. It is. 523 00:34:11,500 --> 00:34:15,020 Put your faith... put your faith and your trust in God now. 524 00:34:15,180 --> 00:34:17,660 There's nothing more that can be done on this Earth 525 00:34:17,780 --> 00:34:20,220 for your dead loved ones, 526 00:34:21,180 --> 00:34:25,900 Which, of course, is not true, but it's very convenient. 527 00:34:31,140 --> 00:34:35,180 The thing that I see about inquiries, 528 00:34:35,300 --> 00:34:37,300 you can either have closure 529 00:34:37,420 --> 00:34:39,380 or it can open wounds wider. 530 00:34:41,180 --> 00:34:46,100 How many inquiries have we got throughout Ireland at present? 531 00:34:46,220 --> 00:34:47,780 Do they help? 532 00:34:48,780 --> 00:34:51,300 I don't know. I don't honestly know. 533 00:34:53,060 --> 00:34:54,780 There was... 534 00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,620 you know, whose fault was it? 535 00:34:56,780 --> 00:35:00,700 There was... that went over and over and over. 536 00:35:00,860 --> 00:35:03,820 Everybody was sort of blaming other people 537 00:35:03,980 --> 00:35:07,100 who done what, and who should have came there, 538 00:35:07,260 --> 00:35:13,460 even my brother-in-law, his father was in the army, 539 00:35:13,620 --> 00:35:18,300 and you know, they blamed him for not going down quick enough. 540 00:35:18,460 --> 00:35:21,700 Why did they take their son down? And why didn't they...? 541 00:35:21,860 --> 00:35:24,700 Oh, yes, they went through all that. 542 00:35:26,300 --> 00:35:28,500 Maybe I'm saying... they can't say things 543 00:35:28,620 --> 00:35:31,300 that they would have liked to say. 544 00:35:33,940 --> 00:35:35,540 That's what happened. 545 00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:41,580 (click) 546 00:35:41,740 --> 00:35:44,740 was to keep questions for another day. 547 00:35:44,980 --> 00:35:49,580 It's just a pity that they didn't ask them more questions, 548 00:35:49,740 --> 00:35:53,900 but that was as near as we ever got to the truth. 549 00:35:56,300 --> 00:35:59,300 * (sombre music) 550 00:36:02,260 --> 00:36:06,460 Though leaves are many, the root is one; 551 00:36:08,220 --> 00:36:12,220 Through all the lying days of my youth 552 00:36:14,380 --> 00:36:18,780 I swayed my leaves and flowers in the sun; 553 00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:23,140 And now I wither into the truth. 554 00:36:32,740 --> 00:36:36,460 My grandmother, for a long time after, 555 00:36:36,580 --> 00:36:39,740 she would go out onto the hills, 556 00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:41,460 up in the Farragans outside her home, 557 00:36:41,620 --> 00:36:44,420 and she would basically cry for hours. 558 00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:54,460 Em... She was so devastated, but that was the same, Rannyhual, 559 00:36:54,620 --> 00:36:58,020 my mother said she could hear the women crying in the evening. 560 00:37:01,660 --> 00:37:05,260 And then the man across, not far from here, 561 00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:08,300 he would start about six o'clock in the evening, 562 00:37:08,460 --> 00:37:11,700 calling the names of the boys that he lost, 563 00:37:11,860 --> 00:37:15,580 Patrick, Dominick, and he would be screaming and crying. 564 00:37:15,740 --> 00:37:18,580 And that would never leave my mind, this... 565 00:37:18,740 --> 00:37:22,700 that man out, and it would come on every night, you know... 566 00:38:05,180 --> 00:38:09,300 So much hurt and pain that people experienced 567 00:38:09,460 --> 00:38:13,500 through their whole life, in days when there were no counselling or 568 00:38:13,660 --> 00:38:17,140 bereavement therapy, or anything like that. 569 00:38:18,940 --> 00:38:23,700 There were reminders all the time of where people should be. 570 00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:27,300 Come the next year, when what we called meitheals, 571 00:38:27,460 --> 00:38:31,460 gangs of maybe eight able men from different households 572 00:38:31,580 --> 00:38:34,220 would congregate to cut the turf. 573 00:38:34,340 --> 00:38:37,220 There were fellas missing. 574 00:38:38,780 --> 00:38:43,060 All of my uncles, every one of them would have emigrated to Scotland. 575 00:38:43,180 --> 00:38:45,500 John would have been there as well, 576 00:38:45,660 --> 00:38:49,940 to send money back to the mother and father, 577 00:38:50,060 --> 00:38:51,140 you know, to keep things going, 578 00:38:51,300 --> 00:38:54,580 because you can imagine trying to make ends meet 579 00:38:54,740 --> 00:38:57,740 on the the small holdings that we have around here. 580 00:38:57,860 --> 00:38:59,860 It was not easy. 581 00:39:02,380 --> 00:39:06,980 In June then, all the young men and women would have left 582 00:39:07,100 --> 00:39:09,820 to go back to Scotland to work. 583 00:39:09,980 --> 00:39:13,820 All that was left in that community then was the old folk grieving. 584 00:39:16,580 --> 00:39:18,860 I mean, if you lost your three brothers, 585 00:39:18,980 --> 00:39:21,700 you wouldn't want to hang around. 586 00:39:21,820 --> 00:39:24,860 I can... It was being in a... 587 00:39:25,020 --> 00:39:27,860 a hole that you couldn't get out of. 588 00:39:28,020 --> 00:39:32,980 I stayed away from down there, from Ballymanus. 589 00:39:33,140 --> 00:39:37,420 I didn't want to go down there any more and see where it was. 590 00:39:41,420 --> 00:39:44,380 Then that... the hall, then, was terrible. 591 00:39:44,540 --> 00:39:48,380 You couldn't pass it at night with the loneliness. 592 00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:51,700 Oh, even to this day, 593 00:39:51,820 --> 00:39:53,900 I wouldn't pass down at that. 594 00:39:57,940 --> 00:39:59,540 I'd be afraid of ghosts! 595 00:40:00,140 --> 00:40:02,580 Afraid of people coming... Oh! 596 00:40:09,220 --> 00:40:10,940 So I'm Frank Sharkey. 597 00:40:11,100 --> 00:40:15,780 I'm 19, and I've been living here since I was 2, 598 00:40:15,900 --> 00:40:17,580 I think 18 months we moved over. 599 00:40:17,740 --> 00:40:19,940 Around here, there's always stuff to do, and, eh... 600 00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:23,260 Donegal, if you have the right kind of lifestyle for it, 601 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:26,940 if you want to be out playing on the water like we always did, 602 00:40:27,060 --> 00:40:28,780 out on the lake. 603 00:40:28,940 --> 00:40:32,700 We've had boats since as long as I can remember anyway. 604 00:40:32,820 --> 00:40:34,260 Everything draws me towards it. 605 00:40:34,420 --> 00:40:37,820 So peaceful, you know, and it gives you a break from everything else 606 00:40:37,980 --> 00:40:39,140 'cause whenever you're on the water, 607 00:40:39,300 --> 00:40:42,220 you're not stressing about any wee problems you have, 608 00:40:42,380 --> 00:40:45,220 and you're just glad to be on the water. 609 00:40:45,380 --> 00:40:47,500 'Cause that's what it was for them. 610 00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:51,260 They were probably with their parents out fishing, 611 00:40:51,380 --> 00:40:54,380 bringing in food for the family. 612 00:40:54,540 --> 00:40:56,780 And then this came in from the water then, 613 00:40:56,940 --> 00:40:59,740 and they just didn't know what it was. 614 00:41:09,100 --> 00:41:10,420 I think it's strange.... 615 00:41:10,580 --> 00:41:13,740 I, like, never really thought, when we were doing it, 616 00:41:13,900 --> 00:41:17,900 em, to be really embodying it. 617 00:41:18,060 --> 00:41:23,340 But thinking back on it now, the role that you're playing, em, 618 00:41:23,660 --> 00:41:25,860 these lads were even younger than I am. 619 00:41:26,020 --> 00:41:30,620 Most people around here know of the disaster, but the names of people, 620 00:41:30,740 --> 00:41:32,020 unless they're in your family, 621 00:41:32,180 --> 00:41:34,900 probably aren't remembered very well. 622 00:41:35,020 --> 00:41:36,300 There'll still be some people left 623 00:41:36,460 --> 00:41:38,620 who were the same age as the people who died. 624 00:41:38,740 --> 00:41:40,820 They won't want to talk about it. 625 00:41:40,980 --> 00:41:43,060 You hear of it, but you don't get the personal 626 00:41:43,180 --> 00:41:44,620 kind of connection. 627 00:41:44,780 --> 00:41:49,540 I just think that it's quite a taboo, almost, subject. 628 00:41:53,860 --> 00:41:55,020 Yeah. 629 00:41:58,500 --> 00:42:00,220 There were a lot of sadness, 630 00:42:00,340 --> 00:42:03,420 and the area was all really down. 631 00:42:06,100 --> 00:42:09,100 But the saddest moment we had was, em, 632 00:42:09,260 --> 00:42:13,140 all them coffins was lined up in the hall in Mullaghduff, 633 00:42:13,260 --> 00:42:15,380 and the blood seeping out of them. 634 00:42:15,540 --> 00:42:18,780 And they weren't... they weren't whole people, 635 00:42:18,940 --> 00:42:21,300 lots of them was just blown up to bits. 636 00:42:22,500 --> 00:42:28,540 Our cousin, Jimmy Anthony, they knew he had his wellies on, 637 00:42:28,700 --> 00:42:31,060 and they knew that it was his wellies, 638 00:42:31,220 --> 00:42:34,220 and they knew by the socks that was in the welly, 639 00:42:34,380 --> 00:42:37,540 and they were picking up bits of pieces of his body. 640 00:42:54,580 --> 00:42:57,540 I'm sure they would be... eh... 641 00:42:59,620 --> 00:43:01,460 (exhales) They're... 642 00:43:04,340 --> 00:43:05,820 Like, we're a very close family. 643 00:43:05,980 --> 00:43:09,780 Em... I think it would be devastating. Abs... there's no... 644 00:43:09,940 --> 00:43:13,980 I don't really even want to think about the... 645 00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:17,100 eh... like, my mother and that, what... 646 00:43:19,340 --> 00:43:21,380 Eh, yeah. 647 00:43:23,540 --> 00:43:25,260 I got a lot of family from here. 648 00:43:25,420 --> 00:43:28,860 I've got personal history with the disaster. 649 00:43:29,020 --> 00:43:31,540 It was my great uncle that had died in the disaster. 650 00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:33,900 His name was John Joe Carson. He was 15. 651 00:43:34,060 --> 00:43:35,460 Well, it's not really talked about that much. 652 00:43:35,620 --> 00:43:37,980 It's just... I don't think he ever really talked about it. 653 00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:39,860 I think Grandad would have been... 654 00:43:40,020 --> 00:43:42,500 13 when it happened? 'Cause it was his brother. 655 00:43:42,660 --> 00:43:44,100 I guess I was, like, his close family, 656 00:43:44,260 --> 00:43:45,860 I were probably one of his closest friends 657 00:43:46,020 --> 00:43:47,900 'cause there wasn't much of an age difference, so 658 00:43:48,060 --> 00:43:50,420 I'm guessing it probably was very hard for him. 659 00:43:58,060 --> 00:43:59,260 Yeah, I'd say so, actually, yeah. 660 00:43:59,420 --> 00:44:01,780 I don't actually think I've ever heard him talk about it. 661 00:44:01,940 --> 00:44:04,100 I've heard Mum and Dad talking about it, but I don't think I've 662 00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:05,420 ever heard him talking about it. 663 00:44:21,100 --> 00:44:22,740 Yes, going to school and that, and... 664 00:44:22,900 --> 00:44:25,660 young and herding cows, and going up to the bog, 665 00:44:25,780 --> 00:44:28,060 to get turf and that, you know? 666 00:44:28,220 --> 00:44:30,300 We were only young, fighting all the time, too. (laughs) 667 00:44:31,980 --> 00:44:33,860 (laughing) I dunno, the football, or something! 668 00:44:34,020 --> 00:44:37,300 You're just kicking football on the strand there. (laughs) 669 00:44:37,420 --> 00:44:39,540 You know, the usual. 670 00:44:39,660 --> 00:44:42,660 Brothers, yeah. Aye. 671 00:44:42,780 --> 00:44:44,620 Remember it, surely, aye. 672 00:44:45,500 --> 00:44:48,820 Well, I'm Gerry Carson of Braade, Kincasslagh, 673 00:44:48,940 --> 00:44:51,060 and I was born in Belfast. 674 00:44:51,180 --> 00:44:52,540 Me and me brother John. 675 00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:56,820 And I weren't even six months old and we were brought down here. 676 00:44:56,940 --> 00:44:58,660 Me mother came from here. 677 00:44:58,820 --> 00:45:01,860 So, eh... he was about 15 years of age 678 00:45:02,020 --> 00:45:04,300 when he was killed in the Ballymanus mine disaster. 679 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:06,660 I would be about 10 that time. 680 00:45:09,100 --> 00:45:10,820 I remember down in the house, an explosion. 681 00:45:10,980 --> 00:45:13,860 We heard it in the house there that evening. 682 00:45:13,980 --> 00:45:16,660 He was wounded, badly wounded. 683 00:45:17,180 --> 00:45:19,820 We thought he would have survived once he went to hospital, 684 00:45:19,940 --> 00:45:21,060 that he'd be okay, but... 685 00:45:21,220 --> 00:45:23,540 he just bled to death in Letterkenny hospital. 686 00:45:24,340 --> 00:45:26,380 That was the worst part to it, like, you know. 687 00:45:26,540 --> 00:45:28,860 Just all of a sudden, one evening they said that he had died. 688 00:45:29,020 --> 00:45:30,740 If it was now, he would have made it, but 689 00:45:30,900 --> 00:45:32,940 that time, they just... they weren't up, the doctors 690 00:45:33,060 --> 00:45:34,340 wouldn't be up to it at the time. 691 00:45:37,180 --> 00:45:40,140 I still cried about it, with me aunt there, and, you know... 692 00:45:40,260 --> 00:45:42,300 for the years after that. 693 00:45:42,460 --> 00:45:44,540 Because they brought him up, you know, to that age. 694 00:45:48,340 --> 00:45:51,220 Even after I went to Scotland, too, you still thought about him, 695 00:45:51,340 --> 00:45:52,580 you know, and... 696 00:45:52,700 --> 00:45:54,540 Nobody to talk to there, either, 697 00:45:54,700 --> 00:45:56,260 I was just on me own, more or less, you know? 698 00:45:56,380 --> 00:45:58,300 That time. 699 00:45:58,420 --> 00:46:00,900 And, eh... 700 00:46:01,060 --> 00:46:03,060 as you get older, you thought more about it, and 701 00:46:03,180 --> 00:46:04,580 you missed him more, you know? 702 00:46:08,540 --> 00:46:10,860 It's pity it wasn't prevented just when it did come in, 703 00:46:10,980 --> 00:46:12,220 onto the beach. 704 00:46:14,700 --> 00:46:16,620 It was just the part of Donegal there, you know, we're 705 00:46:16,740 --> 00:46:19,460 kind of a forgotten place. 706 00:46:19,620 --> 00:46:21,420 God knows what would have happened, you know, 707 00:46:21,540 --> 00:46:22,660 where would he be? 708 00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,940 Married someplace, maybe, you know? 709 00:46:25,100 --> 00:46:27,220 Of course, he would have gone away like meself, just... 710 00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:29,700 maybe he would have stayed away. 711 00:46:30,380 --> 00:46:34,060 Could have settled down, maybe, in Glasgow, or some place. 712 00:46:38,100 --> 00:46:40,620 I want to go to university to do pharmacy. 713 00:46:40,780 --> 00:46:43,740 Become a pharmacist, sell it all in one, you know... 714 00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:45,980 Then I've also got sports on the side and that, so, 715 00:46:46,140 --> 00:46:49,260 yeah! So I'll hopefully be successful anyway. 716 00:46:49,420 --> 00:46:52,420 Just as you get older, so much more to do as well, so... 717 00:46:52,540 --> 00:46:54,140 Get a car, go anywhere, yeah. 718 00:46:59,020 --> 00:47:01,220 (Gerard) That's right, aye. 719 00:47:02,300 --> 00:47:03,740 He is like him a bit, you know. 720 00:47:06,260 --> 00:47:07,860 It's good to have them about. You know what I mean? 721 00:47:08,020 --> 00:47:10,100 Johnny, too, you'll probably meet him later on. 722 00:47:10,220 --> 00:47:11,940 Daniel's brother. 723 00:47:15,260 --> 00:47:18,060 Oh, about 88. 724 00:47:18,180 --> 00:47:19,780 Years piling on! 725 00:47:19,900 --> 00:47:22,940 (laughs) Years are all slipping by! 726 00:47:23,100 --> 00:47:26,140 The disaster is a distant memory now, you know? 727 00:47:28,940 --> 00:47:34,580 I get worried when I start remembering things myself. 728 00:47:34,740 --> 00:47:38,980 From when I was four years old or six years old, 729 00:47:39,140 --> 00:47:41,260 you know, I remember things like that. 730 00:47:41,380 --> 00:47:43,220 There's something wrong here. 731 00:47:43,980 --> 00:47:46,980 Maybe I'll be lying in bed at night and I'd start thinking of 732 00:47:47,140 --> 00:47:52,180 somebody that I knew 80 years ago or something like that. 733 00:47:52,340 --> 00:47:55,060 But I wonder, did all that do that? 734 00:47:57,260 --> 00:48:03,780 That mine and all that. I don't know. 735 00:48:04,020 --> 00:48:10,540 It definitely changed the whole... place. 736 00:48:16,940 --> 00:48:20,340 It changed over and it's going to change again. 737 00:48:32,740 --> 00:48:36,820 Not really, but maybe he was that young, I just... 738 00:48:36,940 --> 00:48:40,220 didn't bother, you know. Aye. 739 00:48:40,820 --> 00:48:43,660 I think people just accepted that was it. 740 00:48:43,820 --> 00:48:47,540 New generation came up and you just didn't say nothing about it. 741 00:48:51,180 --> 00:48:53,620 Well, I suppose it would be better if you talked to the young crowd 742 00:48:53,780 --> 00:48:56,420 about it, but it's just the way things were, you know? 743 00:48:58,620 --> 00:49:00,580 They probably should have been... should have been told 744 00:49:00,740 --> 00:49:02,460 about it, all that happened and that, you know, but... 745 00:49:04,300 --> 00:49:06,660 Maybe some of the young ones just wouldn't be that interested, 746 00:49:06,820 --> 00:49:09,700 now, in this day and age, in it, you know? 747 00:49:12,540 --> 00:49:14,500 That's just life, eh? (laughs) 748 00:49:23,980 --> 00:49:29,420 I don't believe in omens or fear Forebodings. 749 00:49:32,740 --> 00:49:34,900 Death does not exist. 750 00:49:35,020 --> 00:49:38,420 Everyone is immortal. 751 00:49:39,460 --> 00:49:42,780 No point in fearing death at seventeen, 752 00:49:42,900 --> 00:49:44,820 Or seventy. 753 00:49:44,980 --> 00:49:49,660 There is only here and now and light; 754 00:49:49,820 --> 00:49:54,140 Neither death, nor darkness, exists. 755 00:49:55,100 --> 00:49:59,420 We are already on the seashore; 756 00:50:00,580 --> 00:50:05,300 I am one of those who will be hauling in the nets 757 00:50:07,180 --> 00:50:13,940 When a shoal of immortality swims by. 758 00:50:14,060 --> 00:50:15,140 (click) 61998

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