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(wind blowing)
10
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Yes, it was a very nice place.
11
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A good community to grow up in.
12
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My name is Anna Rogers.
13
00:01:08,940 --> 00:01:14,420
I was born on the 18th of January
1935.
14
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I lived most of my life
in Mullaghderg Mountain.
15
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There was lots of people around,
and there were families
16
00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:28,260
in every home around about us.
17
00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:30,220
Everybody knew everybody,
18
00:01:30,380 --> 00:01:33,340
and the people in the community were
very close,
19
00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:37,260
and if one was in trouble or needed
help,
20
00:01:37,420 --> 00:01:40,060
all the families gathered and helped
out.
21
00:01:40,260 --> 00:01:43,180
There were a lady that lived
with her mother.
22
00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:46,460
Her father was dead,
and when she went away
23
00:01:46,620 --> 00:01:49,300
we went up and helped that old lady
out.
24
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And my brother Brian would go and
take the turf home for her
25
00:01:53,540 --> 00:01:55,500
with the donkey and the cradles.
26
00:01:55,660 --> 00:01:58,900
And people ran about in their
bare feet in the summer time,
27
00:01:59,020 --> 00:02:00,660
they didn't have shoes.
28
00:02:02,860 --> 00:02:05,060
You would go the shortcut through
the bogs,
29
00:02:05,180 --> 00:02:07,180
and over wee streams, and...
30
00:02:07,300 --> 00:02:08,740
we had lots of fun.
31
00:02:10,420 --> 00:02:15,100
My father would take us down
the lake in the boat to the sports.
32
00:02:15,260 --> 00:02:19,060
You have a great view from
out there.
33
00:02:22,300 --> 00:02:27,100
You see right out to sea,
34
00:02:27,220 --> 00:02:29,540
out to the horizon.
35
00:02:31,660 --> 00:02:34,060
I'm just trying to think.
36
00:02:34,820 --> 00:02:36,940
Go back and think.
37
00:02:38,980 --> 00:02:40,900
It was all happy memories.
38
00:02:41,020 --> 00:02:42,940
It was all happy memories here.
39
00:02:43,060 --> 00:02:44,300
"Where's the dance tonight?
40
00:02:44,460 --> 00:02:45,980
And where's the dance
tomorrow night?"
41
00:02:46,140 --> 00:02:50,060
It was all music, and going
to houses at night to talk, and...
42
00:02:52,300 --> 00:02:55,500
You had to depend on what you grew.
43
00:02:55,660 --> 00:02:58,180
You had to make use
of what you had yourself.
44
00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:00,260
We had to look after the cows,
45
00:03:00,420 --> 00:03:03,420
and take the cows home, and we had
to milk the cows
46
00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:08,060
when we got older, and it's not
what you call a very fertile land.
47
00:03:09,820 --> 00:03:12,820
And you had to work hard to look
after it.
48
00:03:14,380 --> 00:03:17,380
Me father bought a bicycle for me
once,
49
00:03:17,540 --> 00:03:21,900
and the bicycle was made up of all
different parts! (laughs)
50
00:03:23,460 --> 00:03:25,540
And I thought I was a millionaire.
51
00:03:27,220 --> 00:03:28,980
People didn't have a lot.
52
00:03:29,140 --> 00:03:31,580
They didn't need a lot,
different times.
53
00:03:33,820 --> 00:03:36,140
It's not like now,
for everybody, there's too much.
54
00:03:39,260 --> 00:03:41,620
* (quiet, sombre music)
55
00:03:44,660 --> 00:03:47,980
It wasn't an easy place either.
56
00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:53,860
There were a lot of sadness
in the area, was all...
57
00:03:54,460 --> 00:03:56,940
But the saddest moment we had was
58
00:03:57,100 --> 00:04:01,060
all them coffins lined up in the
hall in Mullaghduff,
59
00:04:01,180 --> 00:04:03,380
and the blood seeping out of them,
60
00:04:03,540 --> 00:04:07,100
and they weren't.... they weren't
whole people.
61
00:04:27,940 --> 00:04:30,700
It took a long time to get over
that.
62
00:04:35,020 --> 00:04:36,420
A very long time.
63
00:04:53,860 --> 00:04:57,500
But somebody else will
talk to you about that.
64
00:05:01,340 --> 00:05:05,220
(dog barks)
65
00:05:13,140 --> 00:05:15,820
It's Monty Don, is it? (laughs)
66
00:05:16,940 --> 00:05:18,420
Yeah, well, we have the...
67
00:05:18,540 --> 00:05:20,980
(dog whines)
68
00:05:21,100 --> 00:05:22,500
Rosie!
69
00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:24,780
Rosie?
70
00:05:26,620 --> 00:05:29,940
Right, well, we'll just have the,
eh, flowers
71
00:05:30,060 --> 00:05:31,460
and all sorts of things there.
72
00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:34,980
And then we have the herbs.
We cook a lot with the herbs.
73
00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:37,780
My name is Jimmy Duffy.
74
00:05:37,940 --> 00:05:42,540
I delve into local history,
and all that goes with it.
75
00:05:44,660 --> 00:05:47,780
I was born listening about it.
I heard about it,
76
00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:50,740
my mother talked about it all the
time.
77
00:05:51,700 --> 00:05:56,900
We used to go to Mullaghduff
to my grandad, closer to the area.
78
00:05:57,060 --> 00:06:00,340
They wouldn't talk too much
about it.
79
00:06:00,900 --> 00:06:02,540
Right, Rosie!
80
00:06:02,820 --> 00:06:04,060
You happy out?
81
00:06:04,180 --> 00:06:05,580
She's a bit of a hard life.
82
00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:07,660
She had an accident
when she was a year old.
83
00:06:08,860 --> 00:06:11,060
She'd a leg came off about five
years ago.
84
00:06:12,180 --> 00:06:14,220
She's been through it.
85
00:06:21,580 --> 00:06:24,820
Aye. On my wee foot there. She...
86
00:06:24,940 --> 00:06:26,620
She's been sick again.
87
00:06:26,740 --> 00:06:28,420
She's like a baby.
88
00:06:28,740 --> 00:06:32,980
This community at the time
probably had about 200 people.
89
00:06:33,180 --> 00:06:36,220
Everybody was on the one level.
90
00:06:36,380 --> 00:06:40,020
Nobody was any much richer
than the other, per se.
91
00:06:40,140 --> 00:06:42,660
But they had a system.
92
00:06:42,820 --> 00:06:45,420
They would put the thatch on their
own house, they would, for the...
93
00:06:45,580 --> 00:06:49,260
They would do lot of things that a
lot of people today couldn't do.
94
00:06:49,380 --> 00:06:51,580
They were self-sufficient.
95
00:06:53,660 --> 00:06:57,140
There is this wider theme of where
Donegal fits in
96
00:06:57,260 --> 00:06:59,460
when it comes to priorities.
97
00:06:59,620 --> 00:07:01,660
The theme that goes right back,
you could argue,
98
00:07:01,780 --> 00:07:03,540
to previous centuries,
99
00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:06,180
even the idea of Donegal at the
outer edge,
100
00:07:06,340 --> 00:07:08,180
that there are communications
issues,
101
00:07:08,300 --> 00:07:10,180
that there's distance from Dublin.
102
00:07:10,340 --> 00:07:12,500
And as a consequence of partition
as well,
103
00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:15,420
there were those who felt that
Donegal, whilst, of course,
104
00:07:15,540 --> 00:07:17,180
being a part of the Republic,
105
00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,060
felt quite on the edge of that
Republic.
106
00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:22,660
That feeling lasts to this day,
107
00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:25,060
and it's not an irrelevant issue
108
00:07:25,220 --> 00:07:27,660
when it comes to the Ballymanus
disaster either.
109
00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:29,380
I'm still surprised to this day
110
00:07:29,540 --> 00:07:34,780
how neglected it is, given the loss
of life.
111
00:07:34,900 --> 00:07:35,940
It was devastating,
112
00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:40,660
and for such a small, isolated
community in West Donegal,
113
00:07:40,820 --> 00:07:44,020
it must have reverberated
down through the decades
114
00:07:44,140 --> 00:07:45,700
in a very traumatic way.
115
00:07:45,860 --> 00:07:50,740
Was there a tendency for it
to lie under the radar?
116
00:07:51,540 --> 00:07:55,580
It being known that these families
were unlikely to be
117
00:07:55,740 --> 00:07:58,660
a thorn in the side
of the political establishment.
118
00:07:59,260 --> 00:08:01,020
(film camera running)
119
00:08:03,100 --> 00:08:05,700
The last stroke of midnight dies.
120
00:08:08,220 --> 00:08:10,580
All day in the one chair
121
00:08:12,140 --> 00:08:16,180
From dream to dream and rhyme
to rhyme I have ranged.
122
00:08:17,900 --> 00:08:21,420
In rambling talk
with an image of air:
123
00:08:24,340 --> 00:08:26,300
Vague memories,
124
00:08:27,380 --> 00:08:29,700
nothing but memories.
125
00:08:35,100 --> 00:08:38,540
(Jimmy Duffy) People as they get
older, they tend to look at
126
00:08:38,700 --> 00:08:41,900
who they are themselves and what
moulded them.
127
00:08:42,060 --> 00:08:46,540
In this case, their lives have been
moulded by the actions
128
00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:49,580
that happened on
the 10th of May 1943.
129
00:08:49,740 --> 00:08:53,980
They probably never got away from
the ghosts
130
00:08:54,140 --> 00:08:56,740
that haunted them through their life.
131
00:08:59,980 --> 00:09:02,580
* (brooding music, birds calling)
132
00:09:04,420 --> 00:09:06,940
They basically lost a generation.
133
00:09:07,100 --> 00:09:09,820
There's no other way to
describe it.
134
00:09:11,860 --> 00:09:17,780
The story goes that on that fateful
day, something was spotted
135
00:09:17,900 --> 00:09:20,380
on the shores off Ballymanus.
136
00:09:20,540 --> 00:09:22,540
They didn't really know
what it was.
137
00:09:22,700 --> 00:09:25,820
They wasn't sure, but it was
bobbing in the waters
138
00:09:25,980 --> 00:09:30,340
just off the, as we call them now,
the Disaster Rocks.
139
00:09:46,380 --> 00:09:52,740
It had spikes like horns coming
out of the side of it.
140
00:10:15,620 --> 00:10:17,500
Word would have trickled through
141
00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:18,980
that there was something coming in,
142
00:10:19,140 --> 00:10:20,980
and I was heading that
direction towards
143
00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:24,380
the Mullaghderg, Ballymanus shore.
144
00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:28,580
She was in the vicinity, very
close, right,
145
00:10:28,740 --> 00:10:31,700
the tide, I think, was just getting
higher.
146
00:10:33,020 --> 00:10:37,300
I think it was six o'clock
on a lovely summer's evening.
147
00:10:38,060 --> 00:10:43,100
Of course, young people as they
are, had to go and investigate.
148
00:10:43,260 --> 00:10:45,660
My father was in Mullaghduff at the
time.
149
00:10:45,820 --> 00:10:50,380
He remembers crowds of people going
down to have a look,
150
00:10:50,540 --> 00:10:53,140
and it transpired that it was a
mine.
151
00:10:53,700 --> 00:10:55,740
* (sinister music, waves lapping)
152
00:11:00,700 --> 00:11:02,860
There was always going to be
huge interest
153
00:11:02,980 --> 00:11:05,340
in what was being washed up
154
00:11:05,500 --> 00:11:08,300
or coming close to the shore during
the Second World War,
155
00:11:08,420 --> 00:11:09,980
because it was an opportunity,
156
00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:13,460
perhaps, for some valuable material
to become available
157
00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:16,380
to them in their everyday
lives or in their working lives.
158
00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:20,540
Boats at that time were coming
across the Atlantic in convoys,
159
00:11:20,700 --> 00:11:23,700
and German U-boats were sinking
them.
160
00:11:23,860 --> 00:11:27,180
And as they were sinking them,
cargo was coming overboard.
161
00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:31,540
Logs of wood, lumps of
lard and candle wax...
162
00:11:31,660 --> 00:11:33,540
The level of awareness,
163
00:11:33,700 --> 00:11:36,220
education that would have existed
about the
164
00:11:36,380 --> 00:11:39,620
potential for great damage
is another question.
165
00:11:39,740 --> 00:11:43,020
How much was known about mines?
166
00:11:43,140 --> 00:11:44,900
What the consequences could be
167
00:11:45,060 --> 00:11:48,780
if there was interference with an
unknown quantity.
168
00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:52,740
It was coming in close to a place
called Port Tabhóige ,
169
00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:56,220
which means "the landing place of
the crows".
170
00:11:56,380 --> 00:11:59,300
The coast watcher was
Morgan Dunleavy,
171
00:11:59,460 --> 00:12:01,460
and he was there,
present there,
172
00:12:01,620 --> 00:12:03,540
because he was local
and he heard about it.
173
00:12:03,700 --> 00:12:07,260
He was probably stuck between a
rock in a hard place because
174
00:12:07,380 --> 00:12:09,380
he tried his best to stay,
175
00:12:09,540 --> 00:12:13,220
to warn the people off it, and
observe the situation.
176
00:12:13,380 --> 00:12:16,420
But also if he was to phone for
help,
177
00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:19,980
he would have to leave.
(waves crashing)
178
00:12:21,100 --> 00:12:22,980
I was described that it was
179
00:12:23,100 --> 00:12:26,820
8 to 10 foot high, when beached.
180
00:12:29,180 --> 00:12:33,780
It came in. They all ran for cover
down here on these sand dunes,
181
00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:36,460
and I suppose there were a kind of
a silence.
182
00:12:36,580 --> 00:12:37,820
Nothing happened.
183
00:12:37,940 --> 00:12:39,100
She must be okay.
184
00:12:41,740 --> 00:12:44,500
At that point, it was nearly dark.
185
00:12:44,660 --> 00:12:48,860
Mr. Dunleavy had to go and alert
the ordnance people
186
00:12:48,980 --> 00:12:51,700
to come and defuse the mine.
187
00:12:52,660 --> 00:12:54,700
He told everybody "Stand back",
188
00:12:54,860 --> 00:12:58,340
and at that stage,
he left on a motorbike.
189
00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:02,260
And he was at Mullaghduff Hall
when the mine blew up.
190
00:13:02,380 --> 00:13:03,980
(wave crashes)
191
00:13:30,860 --> 00:13:33,820
This almighty blast went off.
192
00:13:33,940 --> 00:13:35,580
My mother was standing on the door.
193
00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:36,980
She said "What happened?"
194
00:13:37,140 --> 00:13:39,180
I said "I don't know,
I don't know!"
195
00:13:39,340 --> 00:13:42,660
It was heard in Derry,
70 miles away.
196
00:13:42,820 --> 00:13:47,220
The shock broke the windows of the
houses in Ballymanus.
197
00:13:47,380 --> 00:13:51,220
A relation of my own was
milking the cows in the byre,
198
00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:54,580
and he thought the byre fell on
top of him.
199
00:13:55,220 --> 00:13:57,020
He lost his two boys.
200
00:13:57,140 --> 00:14:00,140
So the byre did fall on top of him,
201
00:14:00,260 --> 00:14:01,500
his life fell on top of him.
202
00:14:01,660 --> 00:14:03,260
* (dramatic music, waves crashing)
203
00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:13,980
Then the news soon got out,
and everybody started going down,
204
00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:17,940
women and men, screaming, crying.
205
00:14:18,100 --> 00:14:21,900
Most of my school friends,
you know,
206
00:14:22,020 --> 00:14:25,460
there were a lot of them killed.
207
00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:54,540
Well, it was described
in newspapers and different places.
208
00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:58,060
I think it was gruesome.
209
00:14:58,220 --> 00:15:00,620
Newspapers at the time were quite
frank
210
00:15:00,740 --> 00:15:04,180
in referring to the mutilations,
211
00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:06,500
to the mangled state of the bodies,
212
00:15:06,620 --> 00:15:09,860
to these low groans from those
213
00:15:09,980 --> 00:15:12,860
who had survived, but were dying.
214
00:15:13,020 --> 00:15:15,580
On this strand that we're standing
on now,
215
00:15:15,740 --> 00:15:19,860
there was people carrying their own
relatives' body parts
216
00:15:20,020 --> 00:15:23,500
identified by their colour
of their jersey or whatever.
217
00:15:27,580 --> 00:15:29,580
Sixteen of them killed outright.
218
00:15:29,740 --> 00:15:34,620
There was one of them kicking back,
and he died that night up at home.
219
00:15:34,780 --> 00:15:38,260
The next day, another body came
from Letterkenny
220
00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:40,500
and the other boy died the
following week
221
00:15:40,620 --> 00:15:42,620
from the loss of blood.
222
00:15:42,780 --> 00:15:45,900
Eleven of them was under 18 years
of age.
223
00:15:49,100 --> 00:15:51,820
There was also bodies
sitting there...
224
00:15:51,980 --> 00:15:54,420
with the last expression
that was on their face...
225
00:15:56,460 --> 00:15:57,580
of laughter.
226
00:16:02,940 --> 00:16:03,380
(click)
227
00:16:12,100 --> 00:16:14,900
Everybody was so happy, and
228
00:16:15,260 --> 00:16:18,540
the girls stayed on one side of the
hall and the boys on the other,
229
00:16:18,700 --> 00:16:21,820
and you had to wait for somebody
to come and ask you to dance.
230
00:16:24,220 --> 00:16:27,460
(laughing) And if you were a
wallflower, God help ya!
231
00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:31,500
All the young people would gather
there,
232
00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:34,500
and there were a priest in
Kincasslagh,
233
00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:38,940
and he would go up, and a big
blackthorn stick with him,
234
00:16:39,100 --> 00:16:41,060
and he would chase them all,
and he'd be
235
00:16:41,180 --> 00:16:43,380
hitting them with the stick.
236
00:16:43,980 --> 00:16:47,140
He would be saying
you were going to hell!
237
00:16:47,300 --> 00:16:50,420
He just didn't like them all to be
having fun,
238
00:16:50,580 --> 00:16:53,380
and he thought that
wasn't good for the soul.
239
00:16:56,020 --> 00:16:58,260
Yes, we had good fun at the
dancing.
240
00:16:59,020 --> 00:17:01,500
Yes, and, eh... I had all me
brothers,
241
00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:04,380
me cousins going to the dancing,
and they would always come
242
00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:05,780
and dance with you.
243
00:17:07,500 --> 00:17:09,540
So you never had to sit out.
244
00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:16,100
(waves breaking)
245
00:17:17,100 --> 00:17:21,460
They lifted all the remains, that
they could see anyway,
246
00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:24,380
and took the coffins to
Mullaghduff Hall.
247
00:17:26,340 --> 00:17:28,860
Later that night,
around maybe half 10
248
00:17:29,020 --> 00:17:33,340
or 11 o'clock, there was going to
be a dance in it.
249
00:17:33,500 --> 00:17:36,700
And instead of a dance,
it was a wake.
250
00:17:45,580 --> 00:17:48,780
If the doctors and things came out,
they would have to be
251
00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:50,620
paid, I suppose.
252
00:17:50,780 --> 00:17:55,900
The people had no money then,
to pay for anything.
253
00:17:56,060 --> 00:17:57,940
They probably could have saved
them,
254
00:17:58,100 --> 00:18:01,940
some of them fellas that were
killed.
255
00:18:02,420 --> 00:18:06,460
But they had to just leave them and
let them die.
256
00:18:07,300 --> 00:18:11,060
My aunt, Cissy, she was on her way
back home,
257
00:18:11,220 --> 00:18:14,300
and she met a man called
Mickyfiddy Hamish,
258
00:18:14,460 --> 00:18:17,700
and he told her that her brother
was
259
00:18:17,860 --> 00:18:23,180
dead and that her mother,
Anne, had gone missing.
260
00:18:23,300 --> 00:18:25,260
Anne took it real bad.
261
00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:30,180
She basically disappeared for the
full night,
262
00:18:30,340 --> 00:18:35,580
and, eh, she returned the next day,
but she was
263
00:18:35,740 --> 00:18:39,380
a broken woman for a long period of
time.
264
00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:42,380
You can imagine the
hysterical nature of it.
265
00:18:42,540 --> 00:18:45,460
They had a makeshift morgue
in the hall in Mullaghduff.
266
00:18:45,660 --> 00:18:49,180
You had the Gardaí,
you had the ordnance people,
267
00:18:49,340 --> 00:18:54,460
you had the Red Cross, you had the
army, and you had the priests.
268
00:18:54,620 --> 00:19:00,060
And the priests, I suppose,
wanted to be in ultimate control.
269
00:19:00,380 --> 00:19:04,380
Over 90% of the population of
southern Ireland
270
00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:07,100
in the 1930s is Catholic.
271
00:19:07,260 --> 00:19:11,740
In many respects, it was a Catholic
state for a Catholic people.
272
00:19:11,900 --> 00:19:14,460
And when we think about pillars
of the community,
273
00:19:14,620 --> 00:19:17,900
we have to, of course, place the
parish priest at the very top,
274
00:19:18,060 --> 00:19:20,900
because that's how they were seen
in their communities at the time.
275
00:19:21,020 --> 00:19:22,340
Many of them enjoy that.
276
00:19:22,460 --> 00:19:25,180
Some of them abuse that power.
277
00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:31,820
When you consider the manifestations
of Catholic identity,
278
00:19:31,980 --> 00:19:36,420
of Catholic power, of Catholic
control, they're everywhere.
279
00:19:36,580 --> 00:19:40,740
Industrial schools, reformatories,
Magdalene laundries...
280
00:19:40,900 --> 00:19:45,020
There's widespread obedience
to the strict rules that are being
281
00:19:45,140 --> 00:19:47,460
overseen by the Catholic Church.
282
00:19:47,620 --> 00:19:50,620
There's a widespread belief amongst
Irish Catholics
283
00:19:50,780 --> 00:19:52,900
that the Catholic Church is the
greatest force for good
284
00:19:53,020 --> 00:19:55,140
in the country.
285
00:19:57,020 --> 00:20:01,820
Some of the older women born around
about the hungry times,
286
00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:07,500
they still had the old tradition of
caoineadh.
287
00:20:07,660 --> 00:20:10,340
Coming from the Irish word,
caoineadh,
288
00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:13,580
it was a custom It was just about
dying out at the time.
289
00:20:13,740 --> 00:20:17,180
It was akin to something a bard
would do for his chieftain,
290
00:20:17,340 --> 00:20:19,820
where he would praise the chieftain
to no end.
291
00:20:19,980 --> 00:20:23,180
It was done in Irish,
and it was mixed with prayers,
292
00:20:23,340 --> 00:20:25,980
and a kind of a wailing sound like
a banshee.
293
00:20:26,140 --> 00:20:28,660
The priests were totally against
this
294
00:20:28,820 --> 00:20:31,900
because it was associated with
Celtic religion,
295
00:20:32,060 --> 00:20:34,620
and they were trying to suppress
that.
296
00:20:34,780 --> 00:20:36,780
So they thought
"We'll stamp this down,"
297
00:20:36,900 --> 00:20:38,180
and they did stamp it down.
298
00:20:38,340 --> 00:20:40,540
They reared up and they took
control.
299
00:20:40,700 --> 00:20:46,060
The priest stamped one of the
coffins with his blackthorn stick.
300
00:20:46,220 --> 00:20:52,260
And at this man of the cloth
stopped the people from mourning
301
00:20:52,380 --> 00:20:54,460
in their traditional way.
302
00:20:56,060 --> 00:20:59,380
Comments that are reported at the
time about respecting the collar,
303
00:20:59,540 --> 00:21:04,220
and the clergy banging the
coffins and, you know,
304
00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,580
talking about making the community
look like fools
305
00:21:08,740 --> 00:21:12,060
because of what happened, and
really blaming the victims
306
00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,500
for the fact that they were on the
beach.
307
00:21:15,660 --> 00:21:20,380
It was unreal because the mourning
was completely different.
308
00:21:20,540 --> 00:21:23,100
It was removed from the
family home.
309
00:21:25,140 --> 00:21:29,020
The privacy of the mourning
and everything was interrupted.
310
00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:35,260
If there was a wake about,
311
00:21:35,420 --> 00:21:37,820
all the neighbours would come and
they would sit up,
312
00:21:37,980 --> 00:21:42,540
and they would pray the rosary at
twelve o'clock.
313
00:21:42,660 --> 00:21:45,980
And they would sit up to morning,
314
00:21:46,140 --> 00:21:49,340
and they wouldn't leave the house
until
315
00:21:49,500 --> 00:21:52,900
somebody would come in in
the morning to relieve them.
316
00:21:53,060 --> 00:21:58,220
And everybody was very attentive to
things like that, yeah.
317
00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:00,620
And very supportive.
318
00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:06,300
It got worse because the people
were removed from the wake.
319
00:22:06,460 --> 00:22:09,860
That was for the process
of identification.
320
00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:14,980
Everybody was told that was his
coffin, that was your coffin.
321
00:22:15,140 --> 00:22:18,020
But maybe in that coffin,
there would be only a shoe.
322
00:22:18,140 --> 00:22:20,140
They couldn't tell who was in them,
323
00:22:20,300 --> 00:22:23,420
but they would pretend that they
knew.
324
00:22:26,860 --> 00:22:32,900
And after a year, the hall in
Mullaghduff was reopened.
325
00:22:33,060 --> 00:22:37,420
Dances were resumed,
and the physical mark of the blood
326
00:22:37,580 --> 00:22:41,260
of the victims was still
on that floor, forever more.
327
00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:50,540
Lieutenant Dunleavy could tell
people of the danger,
328
00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:53,660
but he couldn't tell people what to
do.
329
00:22:53,780 --> 00:22:56,220
He didn't have that authority.
330
00:22:56,420 --> 00:22:59,500
That was the authority that lay
with the Garda Síochána
331
00:22:59,620 --> 00:23:01,660
and he didn't have that help.
332
00:23:05,260 --> 00:23:09,860
The Irish police force for this new
state, what was the Civic Guard,
333
00:23:10,020 --> 00:23:11,820
and then becomes An Garda Síochána,
334
00:23:12,020 --> 00:23:15,940
one of the great challenges is to
get An Garda Síochána accepted
335
00:23:16,100 --> 00:23:19,300
as the legitimate police force,
as an acceptable police force.
336
00:23:19,420 --> 00:23:21,300
That eventually happens.
337
00:23:21,460 --> 00:23:22,940
There is a certain distance,
of course,
338
00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:26,980
between the police and those they
are responsible for policing.
339
00:23:27,100 --> 00:23:28,100
That's inevitable,
340
00:23:28,260 --> 00:23:30,700
but they do have
significant social standing.
341
00:23:30,860 --> 00:23:36,620
A Garda is regarded as a pillar
of the community.
342
00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:04,940
They were fishing at the back
of Inishfree,
343
00:24:05,060 --> 00:24:06,220
and they seen the mine,
344
00:24:06,380 --> 00:24:10,340
and they put one of the
younger guys up to Annagry.
345
00:24:10,460 --> 00:24:12,620
He went into the Garda station,
346
00:24:12,780 --> 00:24:17,500
and he said "There's a mine
approaching the shore."
347
00:24:17,660 --> 00:24:23,660
The Garda never lifted his head,
never acknowledged him.
348
00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:27,060
So the mine was reported at least
three times,
349
00:24:27,220 --> 00:24:29,460
if not more, to the Gardaí.
350
00:24:30,940 --> 00:24:34,900
They had, by law, to have an
inquest, and that inquest was held
351
00:24:35,020 --> 00:24:37,340
a month after the disaster.
352
00:24:39,420 --> 00:24:44,380
By the flickering dim light of
three matches and a small hand lamp,
353
00:24:44,540 --> 00:24:48,820
the verdict of the coroner's jury
on the Ballymanus mine disaster
354
00:24:48,940 --> 00:24:50,820
was recorded late on Friday night.
355
00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:53,540
The very Reverend Canon MacAteer,
the parish priest,
356
00:24:53,660 --> 00:24:55,260
counselled the bereaved
357
00:24:55,380 --> 00:24:58,020
to now let the matter rest,
358
00:24:58,140 --> 00:25:01,020
and content themselves with prayer
359
00:25:01,180 --> 00:25:05,940
for the happy repose of the souls of
the victims.
360
00:25:06,060 --> 00:25:08,460
The inquest gave some information.
361
00:25:08,620 --> 00:25:11,420
That was published in the papers,
and that was the narrative,
362
00:25:11,540 --> 00:25:14,740
but it wasn't the true facts.
363
00:25:16,980 --> 00:25:21,020
Researching about it and trying to
get a bit of truth,
364
00:25:21,180 --> 00:25:24,860
everybody had their own version
of it.
365
00:25:25,060 --> 00:25:28,620
They asked Garda Boylan when did he
get the notification,
366
00:25:28,780 --> 00:25:32,100
and he said it was a quarter to
seven in the evening,
367
00:25:32,260 --> 00:25:35,820
which was maybe when he got the
first notification,
368
00:25:35,980 --> 00:25:38,420
but it wasn't the first
notification
369
00:25:38,540 --> 00:25:39,620
that went to the barracks.
370
00:25:39,780 --> 00:25:44,900
They asked him who was present
in the barracks, and he said it was
371
00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:49,780
him, the other Guard, and
Sergeant Allen.
372
00:25:49,940 --> 00:25:53,140
This is the statement of
Sergeant F. Allen.
373
00:25:53,300 --> 00:25:56,300
"Beyond conveying the report
to Lieutenant Dunleavy,
374
00:25:56,420 --> 00:25:58,740
I did not do anything in the matter.
375
00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:00,860
I did not proceed to the scene,
376
00:26:01,020 --> 00:26:04,900
nor did I send any of the other
members to the scene.
377
00:26:05,060 --> 00:26:08,620
I knew, however, that Lieutenant
Dunleavy had gone to the scene,
378
00:26:08,740 --> 00:26:11,100
and I remained to wait word from him
379
00:26:11,260 --> 00:26:14,180
as I took it that if the mine was
coming ashore,
380
00:26:14,300 --> 00:26:16,660
he would send me word."
381
00:26:16,820 --> 00:26:20,820
That would suggest, of course, that
he was passing the buck,
382
00:26:20,940 --> 00:26:22,700
that this was the responsibility
383
00:26:22,860 --> 00:26:24,980
of the coastguard,
of the Marine Watch,
384
00:26:25,140 --> 00:26:29,100
as opposed to being my direct
responsibility.
385
00:26:29,300 --> 00:26:31,220
The instruction
to the Garda Síochána
386
00:26:31,380 --> 00:26:34,860
relating to mines which are
washed ashore reads as follows.
387
00:26:35,020 --> 00:26:38,140
"The member in charge will
immediately take such steps
388
00:26:38,260 --> 00:26:40,020
as are necessary to ensure
389
00:26:40,180 --> 00:26:44,340
that no one approaches to within
500 yards of the article...
390
00:26:44,500 --> 00:26:46,980
You will observe from the reports
that this instruction
391
00:26:47,140 --> 00:26:49,620
was not observed by the local Gardaí
392
00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:52,180
inasmuch as they did not take any
steps
393
00:26:52,340 --> 00:26:55,460
to prevent members of the public
from approaching the mine.
394
00:26:55,620 --> 00:26:59,740
The Department of Defence do
not consider that any useful purpose
395
00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:02,780
would be served by holding any
enquiry
396
00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:05,260
other than an inquest in this case."
397
00:27:05,420 --> 00:27:07,700
There seems to be an attempt to
close this down
398
00:27:07,820 --> 00:27:09,220
at a very early stage.
399
00:27:09,380 --> 00:27:15,220
We don't want this developing
a lifespan beyond the inquest,
400
00:27:15,380 --> 00:27:19,900
the difficult questions that the
Ballymanus tragedy gave rise to.
401
00:27:20,060 --> 00:27:22,900
Why the hell wasn't
that area cordoned off?
402
00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:26,300
There were very clear instructions
to Guards about what to do
403
00:27:26,460 --> 00:27:29,580
in the event of a mine appearing
near the seashore.
404
00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:30,660
You cordon it off.
405
00:27:30,820 --> 00:27:34,420
You don't let anyone within
500 yards of that area.
406
00:27:34,540 --> 00:27:36,020
Why wasn't that done?
407
00:27:36,180 --> 00:27:38,340
* (sombre music, waves lapping)
408
00:27:52,580 --> 00:27:54,180
And like many other scandals,
409
00:27:54,340 --> 00:27:57,900
within 24 hours of those young men
losing their lives,
410
00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:01,300
the Garda was shipped out to a
different area.
411
00:28:01,460 --> 00:28:05,100
The night of the inquest,
he wasn't present.
412
00:28:05,260 --> 00:28:07,860
He should have been present, but if
he was present,
413
00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:10,140
he would probably be lynched.
414
00:28:10,300 --> 00:28:15,220
Some people were blaming
the coast watcher, but ultimately,
415
00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:17,300
they were blaming Sergeant Allen,
416
00:28:17,460 --> 00:28:21,460
because he was the man who could
take charge.
417
00:28:21,620 --> 00:28:26,260
But in saying that, I think that if
your sergeant is intoxicated,
418
00:28:26,420 --> 00:28:28,500
there's somebody
who should be next in charge.
419
00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:31,140
And they seemed to have,
in the inquest,
420
00:28:31,300 --> 00:28:34,260
brushed over the Garda in the
barracks.
421
00:28:34,380 --> 00:28:36,180
They said they had no authority.
422
00:28:38,660 --> 00:28:42,180
Present at the inquest was members
of the clergy,
423
00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:44,660
the Garda Síochána, and TDs.
424
00:28:44,780 --> 00:28:46,980
There was a number of things noted.
425
00:28:47,140 --> 00:28:50,100
One of the things was that there
were going to be an inquiry,
426
00:28:50,220 --> 00:28:53,180
but that inquiry never happened.
427
00:28:53,340 --> 00:28:56,580
"The Chief Superintendent has
expressed the opinion
428
00:28:56,740 --> 00:28:59,020
that the request for the inquiry
was made
429
00:28:59,180 --> 00:29:02,180
on account of hostility against the
local sergeant,
430
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:08,500
who was, of course, guilty of grave
neglect of duty in this matter.
431
00:29:08,660 --> 00:29:11,700
On Saturday last, Canon MacAteer,
the local parish priest,
432
00:29:11,860 --> 00:29:14,900
had a conference with the two local
curates...
433
00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:16,380
and they came to the conclusion
434
00:29:16,540 --> 00:29:19,180
that nothing would be gained by an
inquiry."
435
00:29:19,340 --> 00:29:22,540
There are an awful lot of things
going on here at local level.
436
00:29:22,700 --> 00:29:26,180
We can speculate about some of them,
but there are also some things
437
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:28,060
that are emphatically clear.
438
00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:32,140
It is stated here without any
ambiguity
439
00:29:32,300 --> 00:29:35,900
that the sergeant, of course,
was guilty of grave neglect of duty
440
00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:38,420
in this matter. And this reference
as well
441
00:29:38,580 --> 00:29:40,900
to the local parish priest having
a conference
442
00:29:41,060 --> 00:29:43,060
with the local curates.
Well, it's clear
443
00:29:43,180 --> 00:29:45,940
where the decision-making forum is.
444
00:29:51,060 --> 00:29:54,340
This is an account from
Superintendent Lean,
445
00:29:54,500 --> 00:29:57,540
who mentioned he was approached Mr.
Cormac Breslin, TD.
446
00:29:57,700 --> 00:30:01,540
"He said that it would be ridiculous
to hold an inquiry,
447
00:30:01,700 --> 00:30:04,460
that would only show up the local
people
448
00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:08,740
as an ignorant, stubborn lot who
had no respect for authority."
449
00:30:08,900 --> 00:30:12,220
This is quite remarkable
that Cormac Breslin,
450
00:30:12,380 --> 00:30:17,660
who went on to represent Donegal
until 1977.
451
00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:20,020
So he's at the beginning
of a very long career.
452
00:30:20,140 --> 00:30:22,380
The use of that word "ridiculous",
453
00:30:22,540 --> 00:30:24,940
that it would be ridiculous to hold
an inquiry.
454
00:30:25,100 --> 00:30:28,620
And that great fear of how
the locals would be depicted.
455
00:30:28,740 --> 00:30:29,900
What will this reveal?
456
00:30:30,060 --> 00:30:34,780
Will this provide an opportunity
for people to depict the people
457
00:30:34,940 --> 00:30:37,060
I represent as some kind of
half-wits,
458
00:30:37,180 --> 00:30:38,980
who don't respect authority,
459
00:30:39,140 --> 00:30:44,500
who are ignorant of the realities
of modern warfare and its dangers.
460
00:30:44,620 --> 00:30:48,020
For a TD, and it's in the name,
461
00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:50,380
there was a big debate when
this state was set up
462
00:30:50,540 --> 00:30:52,900
as to what would members
of parliament be called,
463
00:30:53,100 --> 00:30:55,660
and it was settled on that there
would be Teachtaí Dála,
464
00:30:55,820 --> 00:30:57,780
they would be the messengers of
the people.
465
00:30:57,940 --> 00:31:02,100
It appears that the TD in question
had a different agenda,
466
00:31:02,260 --> 00:31:05,900
and that isn't, in my view,
the role of a TD.
467
00:31:06,060 --> 00:31:08,980
I think the role of a TD was to
listen.
468
00:31:09,140 --> 00:31:11,820
"It was then decided that a further
meeting would be held
469
00:31:11,980 --> 00:31:15,220
to decide definitely the question
of the demand for an inquiry.
470
00:31:15,380 --> 00:31:18,820
I received a phone message from the
Reverend Canon MacAteer,
471
00:31:18,980 --> 00:31:21,620
parish priest... He expressed
himself very strongly
472
00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:24,580
about being double-crossed by
these people
473
00:31:24,740 --> 00:31:28,340
and intimated that he would find out
as to who was responsible
474
00:31:28,460 --> 00:31:30,580
for this further demand, etc.
475
00:31:30,740 --> 00:31:33,980
stating that he was under the
impression that the question
476
00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:36,540
of an inquiry was finished."
477
00:31:36,660 --> 00:31:37,900
Wow.
478
00:31:38,060 --> 00:31:39,660
The question of an inquiry was
finished
479
00:31:39,820 --> 00:31:42,660
because he had decided that it was
finished,
480
00:31:42,780 --> 00:31:44,980
and he's not one bit happy about
481
00:31:45,140 --> 00:31:47,940
what seems to be either a direct or
an indirect challenge
482
00:31:48,060 --> 00:31:51,140
to his authority, to his word.
483
00:31:53,140 --> 00:31:57,020
It was an Ireland that never had
ordinary people's interests
484
00:31:57,180 --> 00:32:01,140
at the heart. That allowed for, and
this is what I can't understand,
485
00:32:01,260 --> 00:32:03,220
how somebody put pen to paper
486
00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:05,940
and basically said,
"no public inquiry here".
487
00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:10,020
You do have the esteemed pillars of
the community
488
00:32:10,180 --> 00:32:16,340
that do revolve around priest,
police, politicians.
489
00:32:16,460 --> 00:32:18,380
They are watching each other's back.
490
00:32:18,540 --> 00:32:21,580
They would have worked in concert
with each other, and perhaps
491
00:32:21,740 --> 00:32:25,900
would have regarded an attack on one
as being an attack on them all.
492
00:32:28,180 --> 00:32:31,380
What the state has said on a number
of occasions now,
493
00:32:31,540 --> 00:32:33,900
because I'm not the only person to
raise this in the Seanad,
494
00:32:34,020 --> 00:32:35,060
a couple of years previous,
495
00:32:35,220 --> 00:32:38,540
is that they've expressed
condolences.
496
00:32:38,700 --> 00:32:40,700
Condolences is when something
happens
497
00:32:40,820 --> 00:32:42,660
that is outside your control.
498
00:32:42,820 --> 00:32:45,900
But that's not what
we're talking about here.
499
00:32:46,060 --> 00:32:48,620
The fact that it happened so many
years ago
500
00:32:48,740 --> 00:32:51,940
doesn't make it any different.
501
00:32:52,460 --> 00:32:53,980
You know, if you come to that
community,
502
00:32:54,100 --> 00:32:56,220
it's a very proud community,
503
00:32:56,340 --> 00:32:58,460
a community that still hurts.
504
00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:04,460
Because there's never a wrong
time to do the right thing.
505
00:33:04,620 --> 00:33:07,980
Now is the time to actually
stand up and say "We failed you."
506
00:33:09,660 --> 00:33:13,540
By not cordoning off that area, by
shutting down the questions
507
00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:16,380
that you had, that many of you are
no longer here
508
00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:18,660
to actually hear the answers of.
509
00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:25,260
I think the hurt that people had
510
00:33:25,380 --> 00:33:27,060
at the time helped the authorities
511
00:33:27,180 --> 00:33:28,940
to brush it under the carpet.
512
00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:33,580
There's definitely a degree
of manipulation there.
513
00:33:33,740 --> 00:33:37,100
If you have suffered that level of
trauma,
514
00:33:37,220 --> 00:33:40,060
consider what those people had seen,
515
00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:44,020
you can only imagine
the devastation of the scenes
516
00:33:44,140 --> 00:33:46,580
on that beach as the light faded.
517
00:33:46,700 --> 00:33:48,540
There were body parts everywhere.
518
00:33:49,220 --> 00:33:52,460
They're the kind of scenes that
would never leave people.
519
00:33:53,060 --> 00:33:57,260
Sometimes when you're reading these,
what really are instructions
520
00:33:57,420 --> 00:34:01,860
from the parish priest,
they do seem very...
521
00:34:01,980 --> 00:34:03,660
patronising.
522
00:34:05,660 --> 00:34:10,340
Em... Yeah. It is.
523
00:34:11,500 --> 00:34:15,020
Put your faith... put your faith and
your trust in God now.
524
00:34:15,180 --> 00:34:17,660
There's nothing more that can be
done on this Earth
525
00:34:17,780 --> 00:34:20,220
for your dead loved ones,
526
00:34:21,180 --> 00:34:25,900
Which, of course, is not true,
but it's very convenient.
527
00:34:31,140 --> 00:34:35,180
The thing that I see about
inquiries,
528
00:34:35,300 --> 00:34:37,300
you can either have closure
529
00:34:37,420 --> 00:34:39,380
or it can open wounds wider.
530
00:34:41,180 --> 00:34:46,100
How many inquiries have we got
throughout Ireland at present?
531
00:34:46,220 --> 00:34:47,780
Do they help?
532
00:34:48,780 --> 00:34:51,300
I don't know.
I don't honestly know.
533
00:34:53,060 --> 00:34:54,780
There was...
534
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,620
you know, whose fault was it?
535
00:34:56,780 --> 00:35:00,700
There was... that went over and
over and over.
536
00:35:00,860 --> 00:35:03,820
Everybody was sort of blaming other
people
537
00:35:03,980 --> 00:35:07,100
who done what, and who should have
came there,
538
00:35:07,260 --> 00:35:13,460
even my brother-in-law,
his father was in the army,
539
00:35:13,620 --> 00:35:18,300
and you know, they blamed him for
not going down quick enough.
540
00:35:18,460 --> 00:35:21,700
Why did they take their son down?
And why didn't they...?
541
00:35:21,860 --> 00:35:24,700
Oh, yes, they went through
all that.
542
00:35:26,300 --> 00:35:28,500
Maybe I'm saying... they can't
say things
543
00:35:28,620 --> 00:35:31,300
that they would have liked to say.
544
00:35:33,940 --> 00:35:35,540
That's what happened.
545
00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:41,580
(click)
546
00:35:41,740 --> 00:35:44,740
was to keep questions for another
day.
547
00:35:44,980 --> 00:35:49,580
It's just a pity that they didn't
ask them more questions,
548
00:35:49,740 --> 00:35:53,900
but that was as near as we ever got
to the truth.
549
00:35:56,300 --> 00:35:59,300
* (sombre music)
550
00:36:02,260 --> 00:36:06,460
Though leaves are many,
the root is one;
551
00:36:08,220 --> 00:36:12,220
Through all the lying days of my
youth
552
00:36:14,380 --> 00:36:18,780
I swayed my leaves and flowers
in the sun;
553
00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:23,140
And now I wither into the truth.
554
00:36:32,740 --> 00:36:36,460
My grandmother, for a long time
after,
555
00:36:36,580 --> 00:36:39,740
she would go out onto the hills,
556
00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:41,460
up in the Farragans outside her
home,
557
00:36:41,620 --> 00:36:44,420
and she would basically cry for
hours.
558
00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:54,460
Em... She was so devastated,
but that was the same, Rannyhual,
559
00:36:54,620 --> 00:36:58,020
my mother said she could hear
the women crying in the evening.
560
00:37:01,660 --> 00:37:05,260
And then the man across,
not far from here,
561
00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:08,300
he would start about six o'clock
in the evening,
562
00:37:08,460 --> 00:37:11,700
calling the names of the boys
that he lost,
563
00:37:11,860 --> 00:37:15,580
Patrick, Dominick, and he would be
screaming and crying.
564
00:37:15,740 --> 00:37:18,580
And that would never leave my mind,
this...
565
00:37:18,740 --> 00:37:22,700
that man out, and it would come on
every night, you know...
566
00:38:05,180 --> 00:38:09,300
So much hurt and pain that people
experienced
567
00:38:09,460 --> 00:38:13,500
through their whole life, in days
when there were no counselling or
568
00:38:13,660 --> 00:38:17,140
bereavement therapy,
or anything like that.
569
00:38:18,940 --> 00:38:23,700
There were reminders all the time
of where people should be.
570
00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:27,300
Come the next year, when what we
called meitheals,
571
00:38:27,460 --> 00:38:31,460
gangs of maybe eight able men
from different households
572
00:38:31,580 --> 00:38:34,220
would congregate to cut the turf.
573
00:38:34,340 --> 00:38:37,220
There were fellas missing.
574
00:38:38,780 --> 00:38:43,060
All of my uncles, every one of them
would have emigrated to Scotland.
575
00:38:43,180 --> 00:38:45,500
John would have been there as well,
576
00:38:45,660 --> 00:38:49,940
to send money back to the mother
and father,
577
00:38:50,060 --> 00:38:51,140
you know, to keep things going,
578
00:38:51,300 --> 00:38:54,580
because you can imagine trying
to make ends meet
579
00:38:54,740 --> 00:38:57,740
on the the small holdings that we
have around here.
580
00:38:57,860 --> 00:38:59,860
It was not easy.
581
00:39:02,380 --> 00:39:06,980
In June then, all the young men and
women would have left
582
00:39:07,100 --> 00:39:09,820
to go back to Scotland to work.
583
00:39:09,980 --> 00:39:13,820
All that was left in that community
then was the old folk grieving.
584
00:39:16,580 --> 00:39:18,860
I mean, if you lost your three
brothers,
585
00:39:18,980 --> 00:39:21,700
you wouldn't want to hang around.
586
00:39:21,820 --> 00:39:24,860
I can... It was being in a...
587
00:39:25,020 --> 00:39:27,860
a hole that you couldn't get
out of.
588
00:39:28,020 --> 00:39:32,980
I stayed away from down there,
from Ballymanus.
589
00:39:33,140 --> 00:39:37,420
I didn't want to go down there
any more and see where it was.
590
00:39:41,420 --> 00:39:44,380
Then that... the hall, then,
was terrible.
591
00:39:44,540 --> 00:39:48,380
You couldn't pass it at night with
the loneliness.
592
00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:51,700
Oh, even to this day,
593
00:39:51,820 --> 00:39:53,900
I wouldn't pass down at that.
594
00:39:57,940 --> 00:39:59,540
I'd be afraid of ghosts!
595
00:40:00,140 --> 00:40:02,580
Afraid of people coming... Oh!
596
00:40:09,220 --> 00:40:10,940
So I'm Frank Sharkey.
597
00:40:11,100 --> 00:40:15,780
I'm 19, and I've been living here
since I was 2,
598
00:40:15,900 --> 00:40:17,580
I think 18 months we moved over.
599
00:40:17,740 --> 00:40:19,940
Around here, there's always stuff
to do, and, eh...
600
00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:23,260
Donegal, if you have the right kind
of lifestyle for it,
601
00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:26,940
if you want to be out playing on
the water like we always did,
602
00:40:27,060 --> 00:40:28,780
out on the lake.
603
00:40:28,940 --> 00:40:32,700
We've had boats since as long
as I can remember anyway.
604
00:40:32,820 --> 00:40:34,260
Everything draws me towards it.
605
00:40:34,420 --> 00:40:37,820
So peaceful, you know, and it gives
you a break from everything else
606
00:40:37,980 --> 00:40:39,140
'cause whenever you're on the
water,
607
00:40:39,300 --> 00:40:42,220
you're not stressing about any wee
problems you have,
608
00:40:42,380 --> 00:40:45,220
and you're just glad to be on the
water.
609
00:40:45,380 --> 00:40:47,500
'Cause that's what it was for them.
610
00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:51,260
They were probably with their
parents out fishing,
611
00:40:51,380 --> 00:40:54,380
bringing in food for the family.
612
00:40:54,540 --> 00:40:56,780
And then this came in from the
water then,
613
00:40:56,940 --> 00:40:59,740
and they just didn't know what it
was.
614
00:41:09,100 --> 00:41:10,420
I think it's strange....
615
00:41:10,580 --> 00:41:13,740
I, like, never really thought,
when we were doing it,
616
00:41:13,900 --> 00:41:17,900
em, to be really
embodying it.
617
00:41:18,060 --> 00:41:23,340
But thinking back on it now,
the role that you're playing, em,
618
00:41:23,660 --> 00:41:25,860
these lads were even younger
than I am.
619
00:41:26,020 --> 00:41:30,620
Most people around here know of the
disaster, but the names of people,
620
00:41:30,740 --> 00:41:32,020
unless they're in your family,
621
00:41:32,180 --> 00:41:34,900
probably aren't remembered
very well.
622
00:41:35,020 --> 00:41:36,300
There'll still be some people left
623
00:41:36,460 --> 00:41:38,620
who were the same age as the
people who died.
624
00:41:38,740 --> 00:41:40,820
They won't want to talk about it.
625
00:41:40,980 --> 00:41:43,060
You hear of it, but you don't
get the personal
626
00:41:43,180 --> 00:41:44,620
kind of connection.
627
00:41:44,780 --> 00:41:49,540
I just think that it's quite a
taboo, almost, subject.
628
00:41:53,860 --> 00:41:55,020
Yeah.
629
00:41:58,500 --> 00:42:00,220
There were a lot of sadness,
630
00:42:00,340 --> 00:42:03,420
and the area was all really down.
631
00:42:06,100 --> 00:42:09,100
But the saddest moment we had was,
em,
632
00:42:09,260 --> 00:42:13,140
all them coffins was lined up in
the hall in Mullaghduff,
633
00:42:13,260 --> 00:42:15,380
and the blood seeping out of them.
634
00:42:15,540 --> 00:42:18,780
And they weren't... they weren't
whole people,
635
00:42:18,940 --> 00:42:21,300
lots of them was just blown up to
bits.
636
00:42:22,500 --> 00:42:28,540
Our cousin, Jimmy Anthony,
they knew he had his wellies on,
637
00:42:28,700 --> 00:42:31,060
and they knew that it was his
wellies,
638
00:42:31,220 --> 00:42:34,220
and they knew by the socks that was
in the welly,
639
00:42:34,380 --> 00:42:37,540
and they were picking up bits of
pieces of his body.
640
00:42:54,580 --> 00:42:57,540
I'm sure they would be... eh...
641
00:42:59,620 --> 00:43:01,460
(exhales) They're...
642
00:43:04,340 --> 00:43:05,820
Like, we're a very close family.
643
00:43:05,980 --> 00:43:09,780
Em... I think it would be
devastating. Abs... there's no...
644
00:43:09,940 --> 00:43:13,980
I don't really even want to think
about the...
645
00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:17,100
eh... like, my mother and that,
what...
646
00:43:19,340 --> 00:43:21,380
Eh, yeah.
647
00:43:23,540 --> 00:43:25,260
I got a lot of family from
here.
648
00:43:25,420 --> 00:43:28,860
I've got personal history
with the disaster.
649
00:43:29,020 --> 00:43:31,540
It was my great uncle
that had died in the disaster.
650
00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:33,900
His name was John Joe Carson.
He was 15.
651
00:43:34,060 --> 00:43:35,460
Well, it's not really
talked about that much.
652
00:43:35,620 --> 00:43:37,980
It's just... I don't think he
ever really talked about it.
653
00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:39,860
I think Grandad would have been...
654
00:43:40,020 --> 00:43:42,500
13 when it happened? 'Cause it was
his brother.
655
00:43:42,660 --> 00:43:44,100
I guess I was, like, his close
family,
656
00:43:44,260 --> 00:43:45,860
I were probably one of his closest
friends
657
00:43:46,020 --> 00:43:47,900
'cause there wasn't much of an age
difference, so
658
00:43:48,060 --> 00:43:50,420
I'm guessing it probably
was very hard for him.
659
00:43:58,060 --> 00:43:59,260
Yeah, I'd say so, actually, yeah.
660
00:43:59,420 --> 00:44:01,780
I don't actually think I've
ever heard him talk about it.
661
00:44:01,940 --> 00:44:04,100
I've heard Mum and Dad talking
about it, but I don't think I've
662
00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:05,420
ever heard him talking about it.
663
00:44:21,100 --> 00:44:22,740
Yes, going to school and that,
and...
664
00:44:22,900 --> 00:44:25,660
young and herding cows, and
going up to the bog,
665
00:44:25,780 --> 00:44:28,060
to get turf and that, you know?
666
00:44:28,220 --> 00:44:30,300
We were only young, fighting all
the time, too. (laughs)
667
00:44:31,980 --> 00:44:33,860
(laughing) I dunno, the football,
or something!
668
00:44:34,020 --> 00:44:37,300
You're just kicking football on the
strand there. (laughs)
669
00:44:37,420 --> 00:44:39,540
You know, the usual.
670
00:44:39,660 --> 00:44:42,660
Brothers, yeah. Aye.
671
00:44:42,780 --> 00:44:44,620
Remember it, surely, aye.
672
00:44:45,500 --> 00:44:48,820
Well, I'm Gerry Carson of Braade,
Kincasslagh,
673
00:44:48,940 --> 00:44:51,060
and I was born in Belfast.
674
00:44:51,180 --> 00:44:52,540
Me and me brother John.
675
00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:56,820
And I weren't even six months
old and we were brought down here.
676
00:44:56,940 --> 00:44:58,660
Me mother came from here.
677
00:44:58,820 --> 00:45:01,860
So, eh... he was about 15 years
of age
678
00:45:02,020 --> 00:45:04,300
when he was killed in the
Ballymanus mine disaster.
679
00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:06,660
I would be about 10 that time.
680
00:45:09,100 --> 00:45:10,820
I remember down in the house,
an explosion.
681
00:45:10,980 --> 00:45:13,860
We heard it in the house there
that evening.
682
00:45:13,980 --> 00:45:16,660
He was wounded, badly wounded.
683
00:45:17,180 --> 00:45:19,820
We thought he would have survived
once he went to hospital,
684
00:45:19,940 --> 00:45:21,060
that he'd be okay, but...
685
00:45:21,220 --> 00:45:23,540
he just bled to death in
Letterkenny hospital.
686
00:45:24,340 --> 00:45:26,380
That was the worst part to it,
like, you know.
687
00:45:26,540 --> 00:45:28,860
Just all of a sudden, one
evening they said that he had died.
688
00:45:29,020 --> 00:45:30,740
If it was now, he would have
made it, but
689
00:45:30,900 --> 00:45:32,940
that time, they just... they
weren't up, the doctors
690
00:45:33,060 --> 00:45:34,340
wouldn't be up to it at the time.
691
00:45:37,180 --> 00:45:40,140
I still cried about it, with me
aunt there, and, you know...
692
00:45:40,260 --> 00:45:42,300
for the years after that.
693
00:45:42,460 --> 00:45:44,540
Because they brought him up,
you know, to that age.
694
00:45:48,340 --> 00:45:51,220
Even after I went to Scotland, too,
you still thought about him,
695
00:45:51,340 --> 00:45:52,580
you know, and...
696
00:45:52,700 --> 00:45:54,540
Nobody to talk to there, either,
697
00:45:54,700 --> 00:45:56,260
I was just on me own,
more or less, you know?
698
00:45:56,380 --> 00:45:58,300
That time.
699
00:45:58,420 --> 00:46:00,900
And, eh...
700
00:46:01,060 --> 00:46:03,060
as you get older, you thought more
about it, and
701
00:46:03,180 --> 00:46:04,580
you missed him more, you know?
702
00:46:08,540 --> 00:46:10,860
It's pity it wasn't prevented just
when it did come in,
703
00:46:10,980 --> 00:46:12,220
onto the beach.
704
00:46:14,700 --> 00:46:16,620
It was just the part of Donegal
there, you know, we're
705
00:46:16,740 --> 00:46:19,460
kind of a forgotten place.
706
00:46:19,620 --> 00:46:21,420
God knows what would have
happened, you know,
707
00:46:21,540 --> 00:46:22,660
where would he be?
708
00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,940
Married someplace, maybe, you know?
709
00:46:25,100 --> 00:46:27,220
Of course, he would have gone away
like meself, just...
710
00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:29,700
maybe he would have stayed away.
711
00:46:30,380 --> 00:46:34,060
Could have settled down, maybe,
in Glasgow, or some place.
712
00:46:38,100 --> 00:46:40,620
I want to go to university to do
pharmacy.
713
00:46:40,780 --> 00:46:43,740
Become a pharmacist,
sell it all in one, you know...
714
00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:45,980
Then I've also got sports on the
side and that, so,
715
00:46:46,140 --> 00:46:49,260
yeah! So I'll hopefully be
successful anyway.
716
00:46:49,420 --> 00:46:52,420
Just as you get older,
so much more to do as well, so...
717
00:46:52,540 --> 00:46:54,140
Get a car, go anywhere, yeah.
718
00:46:59,020 --> 00:47:01,220
(Gerard) That's right, aye.
719
00:47:02,300 --> 00:47:03,740
He is like him a bit, you know.
720
00:47:06,260 --> 00:47:07,860
It's good to have them about.
You know what I mean?
721
00:47:08,020 --> 00:47:10,100
Johnny, too, you'll probably meet
him later on.
722
00:47:10,220 --> 00:47:11,940
Daniel's brother.
723
00:47:15,260 --> 00:47:18,060
Oh, about 88.
724
00:47:18,180 --> 00:47:19,780
Years piling on!
725
00:47:19,900 --> 00:47:22,940
(laughs) Years are all slipping by!
726
00:47:23,100 --> 00:47:26,140
The disaster is a distant
memory now, you know?
727
00:47:28,940 --> 00:47:34,580
I get worried when I start
remembering things myself.
728
00:47:34,740 --> 00:47:38,980
From when I was four years old or
six years old,
729
00:47:39,140 --> 00:47:41,260
you know, I remember things like
that.
730
00:47:41,380 --> 00:47:43,220
There's something wrong here.
731
00:47:43,980 --> 00:47:46,980
Maybe I'll be lying in bed at night
and I'd start thinking of
732
00:47:47,140 --> 00:47:52,180
somebody that I knew 80 years ago
or something like that.
733
00:47:52,340 --> 00:47:55,060
But I wonder, did all that do that?
734
00:47:57,260 --> 00:48:03,780
That mine and all that.
I don't know.
735
00:48:04,020 --> 00:48:10,540
It definitely changed the whole...
place.
736
00:48:16,940 --> 00:48:20,340
It changed over and it's
going to change again.
737
00:48:32,740 --> 00:48:36,820
Not really, but maybe he was that
young, I just...
738
00:48:36,940 --> 00:48:40,220
didn't bother, you know. Aye.
739
00:48:40,820 --> 00:48:43,660
I think people just accepted
that was it.
740
00:48:43,820 --> 00:48:47,540
New generation came up and you
just didn't say nothing about it.
741
00:48:51,180 --> 00:48:53,620
Well, I suppose it would be better
if you talked to the young crowd
742
00:48:53,780 --> 00:48:56,420
about it, but it's just the way
things were, you know?
743
00:48:58,620 --> 00:49:00,580
They probably should have been...
should have been told
744
00:49:00,740 --> 00:49:02,460
about it, all that happened
and that, you know, but...
745
00:49:04,300 --> 00:49:06,660
Maybe some of the young ones
just wouldn't be that interested,
746
00:49:06,820 --> 00:49:09,700
now, in this day and age, in it,
you know?
747
00:49:12,540 --> 00:49:14,500
That's just life, eh? (laughs)
748
00:49:23,980 --> 00:49:29,420
I don't believe in omens or fear
Forebodings.
749
00:49:32,740 --> 00:49:34,900
Death does not exist.
750
00:49:35,020 --> 00:49:38,420
Everyone is immortal.
751
00:49:39,460 --> 00:49:42,780
No point in fearing death at
seventeen,
752
00:49:42,900 --> 00:49:44,820
Or seventy.
753
00:49:44,980 --> 00:49:49,660
There is only here and now and
light;
754
00:49:49,820 --> 00:49:54,140
Neither death, nor darkness,
exists.
755
00:49:55,100 --> 00:49:59,420
We are already on the seashore;
756
00:50:00,580 --> 00:50:05,300
I am one of those who will be
hauling in the nets
757
00:50:07,180 --> 00:50:13,940
When a shoal of immortality
swims by.
758
00:50:14,060 --> 00:50:15,140
(click)
61998
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