All language subtitles for How Its Made S28E11 Collagen and Plier Staplers 1080p AMZN WEB-DL DDP2 0 H 264-SLAG_track4_[eng]

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

Narrator:
ABALONE IS AN EDIBLE MOLLUSK.

ITS SHELL HAS
A MULTICOLORED IRIDESCENT LINING

THAT'S BEEN USED
SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

TO DECORATE JEWELRY
AND OTHER PRIZED OBJECTS.

MORE RECENTLY,
ABALONE HAS BEEN TAPPED

AS A SOURCE OF COLLAGEN,

A PROTEIN THAT SUPPORTS
THE STRUCTURE OF BONES,

CONNECTIVE TISSUES, AND SKIN.

ABALONE COLLAGEN IS
A POPULAR TREATMENT IN ASIA.

THIS FARM AND FACTORY
RAISES THE ABALONES,

THEN EXTRACTS THEIR COLLAGEN
TO ADD TO DRINKS,

COSMETICS, AND MEDICINE.

THE ABALONES SPEND
THEIR FIRST SIX MONTHS

IN THE FARM'S HATCHERY
AND NURSERY POND.

NOCTURNAL, THEY HIDE
FROM DAYLIGHT UNDER CEMENT TILES

THAT SIMULATE
THEIR NATURAL HABITAT

OF ROCKS AND CORAL.

THEIR SINGLE SHELL HAS PORES

THAT REGULATE VARIOUS
BODILY FUNCTIONS

SUCH AS BREATHING
AND REPRODUCTION.

THE MAIN INGREDIENT IN
THEIR SPECIALLY FORMULATED FOOD

IS SEAWEED.

FEEDING TIME IS
ONCE EVERY EVENING.

AT SIX MONTHS OF AGE,

THE ABALONES GRADUATE
TO THE CULTIVATION POND.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES
OF GROWING METHODS.

IN THIS ONE, BEFORE FILLING
THE POND WITH SEAWATER,

WORKERS LAY CEMENT TILES
AT THE BOTTOM,

ALONG WITH UNDERWATER PIPES
THAT SUPPLY OXYGEN,

WHICH ABALONES NEED TO SURVIVE.

THE OTHER METHOD
HOUSES THE ABALONES

IN STACKS
OF POLYETHYLENE CRATES,

REFERRED TO AS CONDOMINIUMS.

WITH 50 TO 100 ABALONES
IN EACH CONDO,

THE YIELD PER SQUARE FOOT
IS SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER.

EVERY SECOND DAY,
WORKERS REMOVE THE CONDOS

FROM THE CULTIVATION POND
TO RINSE OUT THE CRATES,

CHECK THE ABALONES,
AND FEED THEM.

RATHER THAN WASTEFULLY
USING NEW SEAWATER,

THE POND WATER
IS REGULARLY DRAINED,

CLEANED, AND RECIRCULATED.

THE CLEANING SYSTEM
FILTERS OUT FECES

AND NEUTRALIZES AMMONIA.

AFTER SIX MONTHS TO A YEAR
IN THE CULTIVATION POND,

THE ABALONES ARE MATURE
AND READY FOR HARVESTING.

WORKERS REMOVE THEM
FROM THE SHELL

AND REMOVE ORGANS TO BE USED
FOR OTHER PRODUCTS.

THEN, THE WORKERS PREPARE
TO EXTRACT COLLAGEN

FROM THE MEAT.

FIRST, THEY MASH THE MEAT
IN AN INDUSTRIAL-SIZED BLENDER.

THE TRICK IS TO USE
AN EXTRACTION METHOD

THAT DOESN'T
DESTROY THE COLLAGEN

OR DIMINISH ITS EFFECTIVENESS.

ABALONE COLLAGEN MUST HAVE
FULL POTENCY WHEN CONSUMED

IN ORDER TO STIMULATE
THE HUMAN BODY

TO PRODUCE MORE
OF ITS OWN COLLAGEN.

SINCE PROLONGED HEATING
TURNS COLLAGEN INTO GELATIN,

WORKER USE A PROCESS
CALLED COLD EXTRACTION,

STIRRING THE MEAT
IN REFRIGERATED TANKS

FOR UP TO SEVEN DAYS

UNTIL THE COLLAGEN SEPARATES

AND RISES TO THE TOP.

WORKERS SKIM OFF THE COLLAGEN,

THEN, TO MAKE
THIS PARTICULAR PRODUCT,

BLEND IT
WITH MIXED FRUIT JUICES.

THEN THEY HEAT THE DRINK
IN PASTEURIZATION TANKS

FOR THREE MINUTES
TO KILL OFF ANY BACTERIA.

THE DRINK CONTAINS 20% COLLAGEN

AND 80% JUICE.

WHEN IT'S TIME
TO PACKAGE THE PRODUCT,

THE CONVEYOR BELT
MOVES GLASS BOTTLES

TO THE CLEANING STATION,

WHICH WASHES THEM OUT
WITH PRESSURIZED BOILING WATER.

AFTER WASHING, THE BOTTLES
MOVE TO THE NEXT MACHINE

WHICH FILLS THEM WITH THE DRINK.

THE NEXT MACHINE
SEALS THE BOTTLES

WITH AN ALUMINUM TWIST CAP.

CONTROLLED BY A SENSOR,

AN INKJET PRINTER APPLIES
THE LOT NUMBER ON THE CAP

ALONG WITH THE PRODUCT'S
EXPIRATION DATE,

A YEAR AWAY.

A WORKER VISUALLY
INSPECTS THE BOTTLES

AS THEY MAKE THEIR WAY
TO THE LABELING MACHINE.

THE FACTORY'S ON-SITE LABORATORY
CONDUCTS A SERIES

OF QUALITY CONTROL TESTS
ON RANDOM SAMPLES.

IN THIS TEST,
THE TECHNICIAN USES

A pH METER TO ENSURE
THE PRODUCT'S ACIDITY

IS WITHIN A SPECIFIC
TARGET RANGE.

IN ANOTHER TEST,
SHE PLACES A FEW DROPS

ON A DEVICE
CALLED A REFRACTOMETER.

IT MEASURES TO WHAT EXTENT

LIGHT PASSING THROUGH
THE LIQUID IS BENT,

WHICH GIVES A READING
OF THE SWEETNESS.

WHILE THIS DRINK
IS A SKIN ENHANCEMENT PRODUCT,

OTHER ABALONE COLLAGEN
FORMULATIONS

ARE DESIGNED FOR
WEIGHT LOSS, BOOSTING IMMUNITY,

INCREASING BONE DENSITY,
AND STRENGTHENING CARTILAGE.

Narrator: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT
OF AN AUDIO SYSTEM

IS THE DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG
CONVERTER.

IT RECEIVES DATA
FROM A DIGITAL DEVICE

SUCH AS A COMPUTER, TV,
OR DISC PLAYER

AND CONVERTS
THAT SIGNAL TO ANALOG,

AN ELECTRICAL AUDIO SIGNAL

THAT THE SOUND SYSTEM
CAN AMPLIFY

AND PLAY THROUGH SPEAKERS.

THIS DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG
CONVERTER,

PART OF A PRODUCT LINE
OF HIGH-END AUDIO COMPONENTS,

HAS FOUR INPUTS FOR
DIFFERENT DIGITAL DEVICES.

IT ALSO HAS A BUILT-IN CD DRIVE.

MANY OF THE CONVERTER'S
STRUCTURAL PARTS

ARE MADE
BY COMPUTER-GUIDED MACHINES.

THIS COMPUTER-GUIDED LATHE,
FOR EXAMPLE,

ROTATES AN ALUMINUM BAR,

WHICH A CUTTING TOOL FORMS
INTO ONE OF FOUR LEGS

THAT SUPPORT THE CD DRIVE.

THIS MILLING MACHINE CUTS

AND SHAPES MOST OF
THE ALUMINUM PARTS

THAT MAKEUP
THE CONVERTER'S CHASSIS,

THE BOX THAT CONTAINS
ALL THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.

THE PARTS COME OFF
THE MILL WITH SHARP BURRS

ALONG THEIR EDGES,

SO THE NEXT STEP IS TO TRIM THEM
WITH A DE-BURRING TOOL.

WORKERS SPRAY
THE TRIMMED CHASSIS PARTS

WITH BLACK POWDER PAINT,

THEN BAKE THE PAINT IN AN OVEN
TO MAKE IT MORE DURABLE.

THEN THEY PRINT LABELING
ON THE CHASSIS'S FRONT

AND BACK PANELS BY SQUEEGEEING
WHITE EPOXY PAINT

THROUGH A SILKSCREEN STENCIL.

THEN WORKERS PUT THE PANELS

IN THE OVEN
TO BAKE THE PAINT.

WORKERS INSTALL THEM IN BETWEEN

THE CD DRIVE SUPPORT BASE
AND EACH OF THE FEET

TO CREATE A FLOATING
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

THAT PROTECTS THE DRIVE
FROM VIBRATION.

NEXT, WORKERS INSTALL
THE CD DRIVE

ONTO THE SUPPORT BASE.

THEY INSTALL THE DRIVE'S
PROTECTIVE COVER.

IT PREVENTS DUST FROM GETTING
INTO THE CD OPTICAL READER.

MEANWHILE, A TECHNICIAN TESTS

EACH OF THE CONVERTER'S
FIVE CIRCUIT BOARDS

TO MAKE SURE
THEY FUNCTION PERFECTLY.

THIS BOARD RUNS
THE L.E.D. DISPLAY

WHICH SHOWS THE SELECTED INPUT

AND OTHER PLAYBACK INFORMATION.

ONCE ALL THE CIRCUIT BOARDS
PASS INSPECTION,

WORKERS SOLDER THE L.E.D. BOARD
TO THE FRONT PANEL CIRCUIT BOARD

WHICH RUNS THE CONVERTER'S
USER CONTROLS.

THE WORKER INSERTS
BRUSHED ALUMINUM PUSH BUTTONS

INTO THE FRONT PANEL'S
LABELED HOLES.

THEN THEY ATTACH
THE FRONT PANEL CIRCUIT BOARD.

THIS ALIGNS THE PUSH BUTTONS
WITH THE CORRESPONDING CONTACTS

ON THE BOARD.

THE WORKER ASSEMBLES
THE CHASSIS BOTTOM,

SIDE, AND BACK PANELS.

THEY ATTACH THE FRONT PANEL
WITH ITS PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS,

AND IN THE CENTER,
AN OPENING FOR THE CD DRIVE.

THE TECHNICIAN VISUALLY INSPECTS

THE CONVERTER'S
MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD,

WHICH CONVERTS
THE DIGITAL SIGNAL TO ANALOG.

IF THE MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD
PASSES INSPECTION,

THEY INSTALL IT
IN THE BACK OF THE CONVERTER

NEXT TO THE POWER SUPPLY BOARD.

NEXT, A WORKER
INSTALLS THE CD DRIVE.

THIS REQUIRES
CONNECTING THREE CABLES

INTO THE MAIN BOARD --

ONE FOR THE OPTICAL READER,

AND TWO FOR THE MOTORS THAT OPEN
AND CLOSE THE LOADING TRAY

AND SPIN THE COMPACT DISC.

BEFORE COMPLETING THE CONVERTER
BY CLOSING UP THE TOP,

A WORKER TESTS THE CD DRIVE

AS WELL AS THE FOUR
OTHER DIGITAL INPUTS,

WHICH ARE DESIGNED
FOR CONNECTING DEVICES

SUCH AS AUDIO COMPONENTS,

DVD OR BLU-RAY PLAYERS,

TVs, AND COMPUTERS.

THE TESTING MACHINE TAKES
ALL KINDS OF MEASUREMENTS

TO ENSURE THE CONVERTER PERFORMS

TO A LIST OF TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS.

IF THE UNIT PASSES INSPECTION,

THEY COMPLETE THE ASSEMBLY
BY ATTACHING THE TOP COVER.

THIS DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER

IS NOW READY TO PLAY
ITS CRITICAL ROLE

IN THIS HIGH-END AUDIO SYSTEM,

REPRODUCING SOUND
FOR THE DISCERNING EAR.

Narrator:
EMBOSSED WOOD TRIM

CAN MAKE FACTORY FURNITURE
LOOK HANDCRAFTED.

THE TECHNIQUE WAS DEVELOPED
OVER A CENTURY AGO

TO MIMIC CARVINGS
ON FANCIER FURNISHINGS

THAT WERE ONLY AVAILABLE
TO THE WEALTHY.

TODAY, THIS TRIM IS STILL
GIVING FURNITURE AND CABINETRY

THE LOOK OF HAND CARVING.

THE PURPOSE
OF EMBOSSED WOOD TRIM

IS PURELY AESTHETIC.

IT CAN TRANSFORM
A PIECE OF FURNITURE

AND MAKE IT A BEAUTIFUL THING.

MAKING EMBOSSED MOULDING STARTS
WITH A ROUGH PIECE OF MAPLE.

USING A RIP SAW,

A WOODWORKER SLICES
THE BOARD INTO STRIPS.

THE FIRST CUT STRAIGHTENS

THE EDGE OF THE WOOD
TO CORRECT WARPS,

AND THE SECOND ONE
TRIMS THE STRIPS

TO THE CORRECT DIMENSION.

HE THEN CARVES THROUGH
THE CENTER OF EACH STRIP

TO GET TWO PIECES OF TRIM
FROM ONE BOARD.

EACH STRIP IS ABOUT
1/2 INCH THICK.

THE STRIPS ARE READY
TO BE FED TO THE MOULDER,

A MACHINE THAT SHAPES THE FLAT
SURFACE TO A SPECIFIC PROFILE.

THE MOULDER HAS
FIVE CUTTER HEADS.

TO PREPARE THEM,
HE INSERTS A SPACER

AND A BLADE INTO THE STEEL HEAD.

HE USES A MAGNET
TO PULL THEM INTO ALIGNMENT.

THE WORKER LOCKS
THE BLADE AND SPACER

TO THE CUTTER HEAD WITH BOLTS.

HE SLIDES THE CUTTER HEAD
ONTO A SPINDLE IN THE MOULDER.

THE WORKER SECURES IT
WITH A NUT,

USING A SPECIAL TOOL
FOR THE JOB.

ONCE ALL THE CUTTER HEADS
ARE IN PLACE,

HE TURNS THE SWITCH
ON THE MACHINE.

AS THE CUTTERS SPIN,
THE OPERATOR FEEDS

THE LONG STRIPS
OF WOOD TO THEM.

RUBBER AND STEEL WHEELS
MOVE THE BOARD

FROM ONE CUTTER TO THE NEXT.

THE CUTTER PROGRESSIVELY
PROFILES THE AREA

THAT'S TO BE EMBOSSED

AND CREATES DECORATIVE
RAISED BORDERS.

HERE'S A SIDE VIEW
OF THE CONTOURING.

THIS TRIM IS NOW
READY FOR EMBOSSING.

SOME OF THE EMBOSSING WHEELS
AT THIS SHOP DATE BACK TO 1908.

THE OLDEST WHEELS
ARE MADE OF BRONZE,

AND THE NEWER ONES
ARE MADE OF STEEL.

THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF PATTERNS
TO CHOOSE FROM.

THE WORKER SELECTS THE WHEEL
WITH THE DESIRED PATTERN.

HE MOUNTS IT
TO AN EMBOSSING MACHINE

THAT WAS BUILT IN 1908.

THE WORKER LOCKS THE EMBOSSING
WHEEL ONTO THE SHAFT.

HE IGNITES TORCHES
THAT HEAT THE EMBOSSING WHEEL.

AS THE HOT WHEEL REVOLVES,

IT PRESSES THE PATTERN
INTO THE MOULDED STRIP OF WOOD.

THE HEAT RELEASES MOISTURE
FROM THE WOOD,

PREVENTING SPLINTERING
DURING EMBOSSING.

A DRIVE WHEEL BELOW
WORKS IN CONCERT

WITH THE EMBOSSING WHEEL
TO MOVE THE WOOD FORWARD.

NEXT UP ARE ROSETTES

THAT ARE USED TO ACCENTUATE
THE CORNERS OF FURNITURE,

WINDOWS, AND DOORS.

USING A SLIDING APPARATUS
KNOWN AS A SLED,

THE WOODWORKER DELIVERS A BOARD
TO THE TEETH OF A SAW.

HE MAKES STRAIGHT CUTS
AND SQUARES

TO THE DESIRED DIMENSIONS.

THE WORKER DRAWS LINES
FROM ONE CORNER

OF THE WOOD SQUARE TO ANOTHER,

AND FROM THE OPPOSITE SIDES.

THE LINES INTERSECT AT THE
EXACT CENTER OF THE SQUARE.

THE WORKER CLAMPS THE SQUARE
IN A MILLING MACHINE

WITH THE CUTTING TOOL AIMED
DIRECTLY AT THE CENTER.

HE ACTIVATES THE TOOL TO MAKE
THE FIRST CIRCULAR CUT.

HE REMOVES THE WOOD SQUARE
TO CHECK OUT THE CUT.

THE WORKER MEASURES IT
TO CONFIRM

THAT IT IS IN FACT, DEAD CENTER.

HE RETURNS THE SQUARE
TO THE PLATFORM

UNDER THE MILLING TOOL.

THIS TIME THE CUTTER SPINS
INTO THE WOOD

TO MAKE A WIDER
AND DEEPER CIRCULAR CUT.

THIS FURTHER EXPANDS THE PATTERN
IN A RADIAL FASHION.

AND IT COMPLETES
THE ROSETTE PATTERN.

THE WORKER EXAMINES
THE QUALITY OF THE CUT

AND MEASURES THE DISTANCE
TO THE EDGE OF THE WOOD

TO VERIFY THAT IT'S TO SPEC.

FROM A SIMPLE WOOD SQUARE
TO AN ELEGANT ROSETTE,

THIS JOB IS DONE.

THE TRIM CAN NOW BE USED

TO MAKE FURNITURE
LOOKED HAND CARVED

WITHOUT ALL THE EFFORT.

Narrator: A STAPLER
CAN INSTANTLY TRANSFORM

A PILE OF PAPERS
INTO A DOCUMENT.

ITS STORY BEGINS WITH THE RAPID

INCREASE IN THE USE OF PAPER

IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE 19th CENTURY.

THE STAPLER WAS DEVELOPED

BECAUSE PEOPLE NEEDED SOMETHING
BETTER THAN STRING OR PINS

TO HOLD THE PAGES TOGETHER.

PLIER STAPLERS OPEN
AND CLOSE LIKE PLIERS

TO TACKLE FASTENING JOBS
WITH QUICK PRECISION.

MAKING THESE STAPLERS
STARTS WITH THE COVER PLATE.

A PRESS WIELDS
UP TO 176 TONS OF FORCE

TO SHAPE STEEL BLANKS
TO A SLOPPED PROFILE.

A ROBOT INSERTS TRACKS
INTO NICKEL STEEL CASINGS.

THESE ARE THE VERTICAL
STAPLE TRACKS

FOR THE FRONT OF THE STAPLER.

TOOLS BEND TABS
ON THE ENDS OF THE CASINGS

TO FASTEN THE TWO PARTS.

ANOTHER ROBOT SERVES UP COVERS
FOR THE STAPLER'S MAGAZINES

TO AN AUTOMATED WELDER.

THE WELDER FUSES
AN ASSEMBLY ATTACHMENT

TO EACH COVER.

A WORKER IMMERSES SOME OF
THE STAPLER'S INTERIOR PARTS

IN A SOLUTION OF WATER
AND ZINC PHOSPHATE.

THIS SOLUTION FORMS
AN ANTI-CORROSION COATING

ON THE SURFACE OF THE STEEL.

THESE PARTICULAR PARTS
ARE PUSHER GUIDES.

THE TOP PART HAS
THE PROTECTIVE COATING.

THE PARTS THEN TAKE A RIDE

WITH CERAMIC STONES
AND POLISHING SOLUTION.

THIS SMOOTHES ROUGH BITS
AND MAKES THEM SHINE.

NEXT UP IS THE DIE PLATE.

THIS IS THE PART THAT SHAPES

AND CLOSES THE STAPLE
DURING STAPLING.

AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM SCREWS
AN IRON "U"-BOLT ATTACHMENT

TO THE DIE PLATE.

A ROBOT THEN INSERTS
THE SPRING BLOCK,

THE PART THAT ALLOWS THE STAPLER

TO SPRING BACK TO ITS
ORIGINAL POSITION AFTER USE.

MEANWHILE AT THE NEXT STATION,

A ROBOT PLACES
A PIECE OF PRECISION-CUT STEEL

ON A MOLD.

A PRESS DRIVES IT INTO THE MOLD

TO SHAPE IT
INTO THE STAPLER BODY

THAT HOLDS ALL
THE WORKING COMPONENTS.

MORE ROBOTS THEN WORK
IN PERFECT SEQUENCE,

TO INSTALL THICK METAL PINS
ACROSS THE STAPLER BODY.

THESE PINS BRACE
THE STAPLER'S STRUCTURE,

BUT THAT'S NOT ALL.

SOME OF THE STAPLER'S
WORKING PARTS

WILL HOOK ONTO THESE PINS.

OTHER ROBOTS NOW
FASTEN THE DIE PLATE

TO ONE END OF THE STAPLER
BODY USING RIVET HINGE.

IN THE PROCESS,
THEY ALSO FASTEN

THE SPRING BLOCK
SECURELY TO THE DIE PLATE.

AFTER CLEANING AND DEGREASING,

THE STAPLER BODIES
HEAD INTO A PAINT BOOTH.

SPRAY GUNS APPLY PRIMER,

AND A CURTAIN OF WATER BEHIND
THE PARTS PREVENTS EMISSIONS

FROM ESCAPING FROM THE BOOTH.

THE NEXT SPRAYERS COAT
THE PARTS WITH GREEN PAINT.

WITH THE PAINT DRY
ON THE STAPLER BODY,

WORKERS ARE READY TO ASSEMBLE
ALL THE WORKING PARTS.

THE ASSEMBLER SLIDES THE FRONT
STAPLE TRACK INTO PLACE

AND INSERTS THE STAPLE PUSHER
GUIDE INTO THE BODY.

SHE POSITIONS A METAL PLATE
OVER THE GUIDE

AND SCREWS EVERYTHING IN PLACE

THROUGH HOLES
IN THE BODY OF THE STAPLER.

THE ASSEMBLER CLIPS A RETAINING
RING AROUND EACH SCREW.

NEXT UP IS THE DRIVER.

THIS PART DETACHES STAPLES

ONE AT A TIME DURING STAPLING.

AFTER INSTALLING IT,
THE ASSEMBLER INSERTS

THE SPRING LOADED PUSHER

AND HOOKS THE END
ON THE STAPLE GUIDE.

ANOTHER WORKER ASSEMBLES
THE HANDLE

THAT ALLOWS THE STAPLER

TO BE WIELDED
WITH PLIER-LIKE ACCURACY.

HE SECURES THE HANDLE
WITH A ROLLING FASTENER.

THIS ROLLING FASTENER
INDIRECTLY BEARS DOWN

ON THE STAPLES TO APPLY
PRESSURE DURING STAPLING.

ANOTHER TEAM MEMBER
THEN INSPECTS THE STAPLER.

SATISFIED WITH ITS FABRICATION,

SHE REACHES FOR THE COVER PLATE

AND HAMMERS THE WINGS
TO BEND THEM FOR A BETTER FIT.

SHE SLIDES THE COVER PLATE
INTO THE GROOVES OF THE STAPLER

AND LOADS THE STAPLES
TO GIVE IT A TRIAL RUN.

SHE STAPLES PAPER
REPEATEDLY TO CONFIRM

THAT IT'S FULLY OPERATIONAL.

THESE PLIER STAPLERS
ARE NOW READY FOR THE WORKPLACE,

WHERE WITH A FEW QUICK CRUNCHES,

THEY'LL HELP KEEP
THE PAPERWORK IN ORDER.