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00:00:03,896 --> 00:00:06,896
--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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00:00:06,896 --> 00:00:09,896
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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00:00:22,275 --> 00:00:24,862
Narrator:
TODAY ON "HOW IT'S MADE"...
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00:00:53,034 --> 00:00:56,068
TOGETHER, THE MORTAR AND PESTLE
FORM SOME OF THE OLDEST
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00:00:56,068 --> 00:00:59,275
AND MOST USEFUL
OF HUMANITY'S INVENTIONS.
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00:00:59,275 --> 00:01:02,241
THEIR IMAGE ADORNS
MANY PHARMACOLOGY SYMBOLS
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00:01:02,241 --> 00:01:03,482
BECAUSE PHARMACISTS HAVE BEEN
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00:01:03,482 --> 00:01:06,586
USING THEM TO PREPARE MEDICINE
FOR CENTURIES.
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00:01:06,586 --> 00:01:08,758
BUT IT'S WITH FOOD
THAT THIS SIMPLE TOOL
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00:01:08,758 --> 00:01:10,724
IS MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED.
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00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:15,620
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE IS
SIMPLE ENOUGH --
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00:01:15,620 --> 00:01:18,482
PUT THE OBJECT YOU WANT
TO CRUSH IN A BOWL,
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00:01:18,482 --> 00:01:21,310
THEN TAKE A STICK
AND GRIND IT DOWN.
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00:01:21,310 --> 00:01:24,034
BUT NOT ALL MORTARS AND PESTLES
ARE ALIKE.
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00:01:24,034 --> 00:01:25,344
FOR ONE THING,
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00:01:25,344 --> 00:01:29,034
THE MATERIAL USED
CAN MAKE ALL THE DIFFERENCE.
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00:01:29,034 --> 00:01:31,172
WOODEN AND CERAMICS WORK WELL.
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00:01:31,172 --> 00:01:33,586
BUT FOR MANY,
NOTHING BEATS STONE.
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00:01:33,586 --> 00:01:37,517
GRANITE PROVIDES A TOUGH,
NON-POROUS SURFACE.
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00:01:39,068 --> 00:01:41,689
A CRAFTSMAN PREPARES TO CARVE.
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00:01:41,689 --> 00:01:44,068
HE STARTS BY USING
A MASONRY COMPASS
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00:01:44,068 --> 00:01:47,000
AND A LIQUID CALLED CHINESE INK
TO DRAW THE MORTAR'S
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00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:50,034
INNER AND OUTER CIRCUMFERENCE.
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00:01:50,034 --> 00:01:53,965
HE CAN EASILY REMOVE THE INK
IF THERE ARE ANY ERRORS.
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00:01:56,206 --> 00:02:00,103
HE ROUGHS OUT THE SHAPE
WITH A HAMMER AND CHISEL.
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00:02:00,103 --> 00:02:02,724
HE THEN WORKS WITH A GRINDER
WHICH IS EQUIPPED
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00:02:02,724 --> 00:02:05,448
WITH AN EXTREMELY HARD
DIAMOND-TIPPED BLADE,
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00:02:05,448 --> 00:02:08,310
MAKING IT POSSIBLE
TO CUT THROUGH SOLID STONE.
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00:02:11,275 --> 00:02:13,310
ONCE'S HE'S DEFINED
THE OUTSIDE EDGE,
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00:02:13,310 --> 00:02:15,620
HE BEGINS TO WORK
THE INNER BOWL,
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00:02:15,620 --> 00:02:18,586
CARVING OUT THE PERIMETER
BEFORE CUTTING A GRID.
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00:02:22,344 --> 00:02:24,931
HE TURNS AGAIN
TO HIS HAMMERS AND CHISELS
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00:02:24,931 --> 00:02:30,344
TO REMOVE MATERIAL
FROM THE INSIDE OF THE MORTAR.
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00:02:30,344 --> 00:02:33,137
HE USES THE GRINDER
TO CUT THE LAST CHUNKS
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00:02:33,137 --> 00:02:34,758
AND FINE-TUNE THE SURFACE,
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00:02:34,758 --> 00:02:38,344
GIVING IT THE SMOOTH,
CONSISTENT SHAPE OF A BOWL.
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00:02:41,344 --> 00:02:43,517
HE USES A SQUARE
TO TRANSFER A MARK
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00:02:43,517 --> 00:02:45,310
TO THE BOTTOM OF THE STONE.
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00:02:48,344 --> 00:02:50,758
HE MARKS THE BASED
WITH HIS COMPASS.
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00:02:50,758 --> 00:02:52,068
THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE BASE
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00:02:52,068 --> 00:02:54,448
MUST BE SLIGHTLY SMALLER
THAN THE TOP.
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00:02:57,172 --> 00:03:03,413
HE QUICKLY ROUGHS OUT THE BASE
WITH ONE OF HIS CHISELS.
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00:03:03,413 --> 00:03:05,000
THEN IT'S BACK TO THE GRINDER,
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00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:07,379
WHICH HE USES TO CLEAN UP
THE CIRCUMFERENCE
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00:03:07,379 --> 00:03:11,068
AND BEGIN MAKING A SERIES
OF ANGLE CUTS INTO THE SIDES.
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00:03:15,551 --> 00:03:16,931
WITH HAMMER AND CHISEL,
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00:03:16,931 --> 00:03:19,965
HE KNOCKS OFF THE PIECES
LEFT BETWEEN THE ANGLE CUTS.
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00:03:19,965 --> 00:03:23,793
THANKS TO YEARS OF EXPERIENCE,
HE MAKES IT LOOK EASY.
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00:03:28,103 --> 00:03:31,206
WITH THE GRINDER, HE WORKS AWAY
AT ALL OF THE SURFACES,
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00:03:31,206 --> 00:03:33,965
SMOOTHING THEM
TO A CONSISTENT FINISH.
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00:03:36,482 --> 00:03:38,551
ONE WRONG MOVE WITH THIS TOOL
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00:03:38,551 --> 00:03:41,103
COULD MEAN BEING
FORCED TO START OVER,
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00:03:41,103 --> 00:03:44,068
BUT THIS IS
A HIGHLY SKILLED ARTISAN.
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00:03:44,068 --> 00:03:45,517
MORE THAN 10 YEARS OF TRAINING
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00:03:45,517 --> 00:03:47,206
MAKE IT POSSIBLE
FOR HIM TO WORK
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00:03:47,206 --> 00:03:50,000
WITH UNHESITATING SPEED
AND ASSURANCE,
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00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:51,689
COMPLETING A FINISHED MORTAR
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00:03:51,689 --> 00:03:54,137
IN LESS THAN AN HOUR
AND A HALF.
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00:03:54,137 --> 00:03:58,206
BUT, OF COURSE,
THERE'S SOMETHING MISSING.
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00:03:58,206 --> 00:04:02,689
A MORTAR ISN'T MUCH GOOD
WITHOUT A PESTLE.
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00:04:02,689 --> 00:04:04,068
ONCE AGAIN WORKING WITH
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00:04:04,068 --> 00:04:06,241
THE CONFIDENT SWIFTNESS
OF AN EXPERT,
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00:04:06,241 --> 00:04:09,724
THE ARTISAN USES HIS GRINDER
TO HONE A CHUNK OF GRANITE
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00:04:09,724 --> 00:04:14,344
DOWN TO THE SHAPE
OF A WELL-BALANCED PESTLE.
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00:04:14,344 --> 00:04:15,931
WIDE AND BLUNT ON ONE END
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00:04:15,931 --> 00:04:19,172
AND NARROW ENOUGH
TO EASILY GRASP ON THE OTHER,
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00:04:19,172 --> 00:04:22,344
THE STONE IS PERFECTLY
CALIBRATED TO DO ITS JOB.
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00:04:28,482 --> 00:04:30,482
IN THE DAYS BEFORE POWER TOOLS,
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00:04:30,482 --> 00:04:32,482
IT WOULD HAVE TAKEN
A CRAFTSMAN A FULL DAY
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00:04:32,482 --> 00:04:34,827
TO CARVE A MORTAR AND PESTLE.
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00:04:38,275 --> 00:04:39,862
BUT A CARVED MORTAR AND PESTLE
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00:04:39,862 --> 00:04:42,793
ISN'T NECESSARILY
A FINISHED ONE.
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00:04:42,793 --> 00:04:46,310
HERE, A PAINTER
ADDS THE FINAL TOUCHES.
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00:04:46,310 --> 00:04:48,724
USING A SMALL BRUSH
AND SPECIAL VARNISH,
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00:04:48,724 --> 00:04:53,344
HE PAINTS A LOTUS FLOWER DESIGN
ON THE LIP OF THE MORTAR.
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00:04:53,344 --> 00:04:55,655
HE LEAVES THE BOWL ITSELF
UNTOUCHED
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00:04:55,655 --> 00:04:57,034
SO THAT NO FOOD PRODUCTS
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00:04:57,034 --> 00:04:59,310
WILL MIX WITH THE VARNISH
WHEN CRUSHED.
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00:05:03,172 --> 00:05:06,896
HE THEN VARNISHES THE EXTERIOR
OF THE MORTAR.
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00:05:06,896 --> 00:05:10,413
THE VARNISHING PROCESS
IS PURELY DECORATIVE.
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00:05:10,413 --> 00:05:12,931
HARD STONE LIKE GRANITE
NEEDS NO PROTECTIVE COATING
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00:05:12,931 --> 00:05:14,413
TO HELP IT ENDURE.
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00:05:14,413 --> 00:05:18,724
AFTER ALL, SOME GRANITE HAS BEEN
AROUND FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS.
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00:05:22,448 --> 00:05:26,206
IT TAKES JUST 15 TO 20 MINUTES
FOR THE VARNISH TO DRY.
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00:05:26,206 --> 00:05:30,310
AND WITH THAT, THE MORTAR
IS COMPLETELY FINISHED.
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00:05:30,310 --> 00:05:34,137
THE LOTUS FLOWER DESIGN
ISN'T THE ONLY ONE AVAILABLE.
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00:05:34,137 --> 00:05:36,241
THIS FACILITY
PRODUCES A WIDE RANGE
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00:05:36,241 --> 00:05:39,172
OF MORTARS AND PESTLES.
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00:05:39,172 --> 00:05:41,793
THESE MORTARS AND PESTLES
MAY BE ATTRACTIVE.
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00:05:41,793 --> 00:05:45,379
BUT THEIR APPEARANCE
IS SECONDARY TO THEIR FUNCTION.
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00:05:45,379 --> 00:05:48,758
THERE ARE FEW TOOLS IN A KITCHEN
MORE DURABLE OR MORE USEFUL
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00:05:48,758 --> 00:05:50,931
THAN A GOOD MORTAR AND PESTLE.
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00:06:02,758 --> 00:06:04,517
Narrator:
IN THE EARLY DAYS OF BOWLING,
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SHELLAC-BASED CONDITIONERS
WERE APPLIED TO WOODEN LANES
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00:06:07,517 --> 00:06:09,379
TO PROTECT THE SURFACE.
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00:06:09,379 --> 00:06:11,793
TODAY, ROBOTIC MACHINES
APPLY CONDITIONERS
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00:06:11,793 --> 00:06:15,965
IN DIFFERENT PATTERNS
TO MAINLY SYNTHETIC LANES,
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00:06:15,965 --> 00:06:17,965
EASIER ONES
FOR THE AVERAGE BOWLER
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00:06:17,965 --> 00:06:20,896
AND MORE CHALLENGING ONES
FOR TOURNAMENT PLAYERS.
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00:06:24,206 --> 00:06:26,689
AT MOST BOWLING ALLEYS,
LANE CLEANING AND CONDITION
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00:06:26,689 --> 00:06:30,931
ARE DONE AUTOMATICALLY
BY ROAMING ROBOTS.
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00:06:30,931 --> 00:06:33,172
THEY APPLY
DIFFERENT CONDITIONERS
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00:06:33,172 --> 00:06:34,862
IN SPECIFIC PATTERNS.
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00:06:34,862 --> 00:06:39,103
THE PATTERN SELECTIONS
ARE MADE BY LEAGUE ORGANIZERS.
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00:06:39,103 --> 00:06:44,034
IT'S ALL ABOUT ENSURING
CONSISTENT SCORING.
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00:06:44,034 --> 00:06:46,034
COMPUTERIZED TOOLS
WITH DIFFERENT BITS
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00:06:46,034 --> 00:06:48,586
PRODUCE MANY
OF THE ROBOT'S PARTS.
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00:06:48,586 --> 00:06:51,275
HERE, THEY CARVE A BLOCK
OF ALUMINUM INTO A MOUNTING PART
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00:06:51,275 --> 00:06:53,551
FOR A HANDLE.
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00:06:53,551 --> 00:06:56,862
THIS IS THE BLANK BEFORE
AND AFTER.
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00:06:58,689 --> 00:07:01,137
AN EMPLOYEE ASSEMBLES
TWO OF THE MOUNTING PARTS
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00:07:01,137 --> 00:07:04,000
TO A HANDLE.
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00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:06,413
HE SECURES THEM
WITH HEAVY DUTY BOLTS,
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00:07:06,413 --> 00:07:08,586
ENSURING THAT THESE PRESSURE
POINTS WILL HOLD UP
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00:07:08,586 --> 00:07:12,793
TO THE JOB OF LIFTING
THE 370-POUND ROBOTIC MACHINE.
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00:07:14,965 --> 00:07:19,758
HE ATTACHES ONE HANDLE
TO EACH OF THE TWO SIDE PANELS.
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00:07:19,758 --> 00:07:21,827
HE INSTALLS A SPROCKET
SENSOR SYSTEM
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00:07:21,827 --> 00:07:24,655
ON ONE OF THE SIDE PANELS.
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00:07:24,655 --> 00:07:26,379
THIS SPROCKET SENSOR WILL DETECT
120
00:07:26,379 --> 00:07:28,344
WHERE THE ROBOT
IS AND COMMUNICATE
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00:07:28,344 --> 00:07:32,103
THAT INFORMATION TO IS COMPUTER.
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00:07:32,103 --> 00:07:35,827
HE LINKS IT TO THE FRONT WHEEL
WITH A SECOND SPROCKET CHAIN,
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00:07:35,827 --> 00:07:38,586
AND CLOSES THE LOOP
WITH A MASTER LINK.
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00:07:41,862 --> 00:07:46,137
HE NOW LOWERS THE OIL BUFFER
BRUSH ASSEMBLY INTO THE MACHINE.
125
00:07:48,551 --> 00:07:50,517
HE INSERTS THE MAIN DRIVE MORE
126
00:07:50,517 --> 00:07:53,137
AND THEN SECURES IT
TO AN ALUMINUM PARTITION
127
00:07:53,137 --> 00:07:55,862
WITH THE SHAFT PROTRUDING
THROUGH THE OTHER SIDE.
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00:07:59,448 --> 00:08:00,965
HE THEN WRAPS THE DRIVE CHAIN
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00:08:00,965 --> 00:08:05,000
AROUND THE SPROCKETS
OF THE SHAFT.
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00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:07,655
HE LOOPS A RUBBER BELT
IN FRONT OF THE BUFFER BRUSH
131
00:08:07,655 --> 00:08:10,241
AND CONNECTS IT
TO THE OIL APPLICATOR.
132
00:08:10,241 --> 00:08:13,137
THE APPLICATOR
WILL SLIDE ON THE BELT,
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00:08:13,137 --> 00:08:15,862
DISPENSING SMALL AMOUNTS
OF CONDITIONER.
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00:08:17,965 --> 00:08:21,448
HE INSTALLS WHISKER SENSORS
TO THE FRONT ON EACH SIDE.
135
00:08:21,448 --> 00:08:24,275
WHEN THESE WHISKERS
BRUSH THE SIDES OF THE LANE,
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00:08:24,275 --> 00:08:26,724
THEY'LL SEND A SIGNAL
TO THE COMPUTER,
137
00:08:26,724 --> 00:08:30,448
WHICH WILL THEN DIRECT THE ROBOT
TO MOVE MORE TO THE CENTER.
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00:08:30,448 --> 00:08:32,896
THE CONDITIONING SOLUTION TANKS
HAVE BEEN EQUIPPED
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00:08:32,896 --> 00:08:36,275
WITH METERING PUMPS
AND PRESSURE GAUGES.
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00:08:36,275 --> 00:08:39,931
HE BOLTS THE ASSEMBLY
TO THE REAR WALL OF THE MACHINE.
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00:08:39,931 --> 00:08:42,310
HE POPS IN
THE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
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00:08:42,310 --> 00:08:43,655
AND CONNECTS IT TO THE MOTOR.
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00:08:43,655 --> 00:08:47,689
THE MACHINE IS READY
FOR THE COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM
144
00:08:47,689 --> 00:08:49,413
THAT RUNS IT.
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00:08:49,413 --> 00:08:52,448
THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES
THE CONTROL PANEL.
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00:08:52,448 --> 00:08:54,448
HE INSTALLS IT IN THE CENTER
OF THE MACHINE,
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00:08:54,448 --> 00:08:56,241
JUST ABOVE THE BATTERY.
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00:08:58,344 --> 00:09:01,068
HE THEN RUNS THE HOSE
FROM THE CONDITIONING TANK
149
00:09:01,068 --> 00:09:05,689
OVER TO THE APPLICATOR
AND CONNECTS IT.
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00:09:05,689 --> 00:09:07,310
MOVING TO THE FRONT,
151
00:09:07,310 --> 00:09:11,206
ANOTHER EMPLOYEE UNWINDS FABRIC
FROM ONE ROLLER AND ATTACHES
152
00:09:11,206 --> 00:09:12,758
THE END TO THE NEXT.
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00:09:12,758 --> 00:09:15,206
THIS IS PART
OF THE CLEANING SYSTEM.
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00:09:15,206 --> 00:09:17,241
THE CLOTH WILL SCRUB
THE BOWLING LANE
155
00:09:17,241 --> 00:09:21,517
AFTER THE ROBOT SPRAYS
A CLEANING SOLUTION ONTO IT.
156
00:09:21,517 --> 00:09:23,793
A SUCTIONING SQUEEGEE
WILL VACUUM UP DIRT
157
00:09:23,793 --> 00:09:25,241
AND LEFTOVER CLEANER
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00:09:25,241 --> 00:09:28,689
AND DEPOSIT THEM
IN THIS RECOVERY TANK.
159
00:09:28,689 --> 00:09:30,310
HE THEN PLUGS THE WIRING HARNESS
160
00:09:30,310 --> 00:09:33,482
INTO THE COMPUTER AT THE BACK
OF THE CONTROL PANEL.
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00:09:36,034 --> 00:09:38,241
IT'S TIME FOR A DRY RUN.
162
00:09:38,241 --> 00:09:40,931
WITH NO CLEANER OR CONDITIONER
IN THE SYSTEM YET,
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00:09:40,931 --> 00:09:43,172
THE TECHNICIAN POWERS
UP THE ROBOT
164
00:09:43,172 --> 00:09:45,379
AND PUTS IT THROUGH ITS PACES.
165
00:09:45,379 --> 00:09:49,586
HE CONFIRMS THAT EVERY PART
IS IN GOOD WORKING ORDER.
166
00:09:49,586 --> 00:09:52,068
HE ADDS CLEANING SOLUTION
TO THE TANK,
167
00:09:52,068 --> 00:09:56,724
AND IT'S TIME PREPARE
THE LANE CONDITIONERS.
168
00:09:56,724 --> 00:09:59,103
THEY MIX THE MINERAL
OIL-BASED CONDITIONERS
169
00:09:59,103 --> 00:10:00,965
IN BIG BLENDERS.
170
00:10:00,965 --> 00:10:02,655
THERE ARE NINE DIFFERENT
RECIPES,
171
00:10:02,655 --> 00:10:05,551
WITH UP TO 16 INGREDIENTS
IN EACH ONE.
172
00:10:07,586 --> 00:10:11,172
THEY TEST EACH MIXTURE
EXTENSIVELY.
173
00:10:11,172 --> 00:10:13,620
THEY MEASURE THE VISCOSITY
BECAUSE IT CAN AFFECT
174
00:10:13,620 --> 00:10:16,551
HOW THE CONDITIONER FLOWS
ON THE LANE.
175
00:10:16,551 --> 00:10:18,724
AND THEY EVALUATE
THE SURFACE TENSION.
176
00:10:18,724 --> 00:10:22,793
THAT'S ITS ABILITY
TO BOND TO THE LANE.
177
00:10:22,793 --> 00:10:26,517
WITH THE CONDITIONERS APPROVED,
IT'S TIME TO TEST THE ROBOT
178
00:10:26,517 --> 00:10:29,034
IN SPECIAL QUALITY
CONTROL LANES.
179
00:10:29,034 --> 00:10:31,482
DURING 50 TRIPS
DOWN THE LANES,
180
00:10:31,482 --> 00:10:34,620
A TECHNICIAN EVALUATES
THE ROBOT'S PERFORMANCE.
181
00:10:36,724 --> 00:10:38,551
HE INSPECTS ITS TURNING RADIUS
182
00:10:38,551 --> 00:10:41,793
AND THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF THE SENSORS.
183
00:10:41,793 --> 00:10:46,655
HE ALSO SCRUTINIZES THE CLEANING
AND CONDITIONING JOB.
184
00:10:46,655 --> 00:10:48,620
SATISFIED
THAT THE CONDITIONING ROBOT
185
00:10:48,620 --> 00:10:53,793
WORKS WELL ON ITS OWN,
HE APPROVES IT FOR SHIPPING.
186
00:10:53,793 --> 00:10:57,482
THIS BOWLING LANE CONDITIONER
SHOULD BE A REAL GAME CHANGER
187
00:10:57,482 --> 00:11:01,482
AND ENSURE THAT THE PATH
TO VICTORY IS A WELL-OILED ONE.
188
00:11:17,586 --> 00:11:19,103
Narrator:
A CREMATORY IS A MACHINE
189
00:11:19,103 --> 00:11:22,379
USED TO CREMATE BODIES
SWIFTLY AND SAFELY.
190
00:11:22,379 --> 00:11:24,034
EVEN THOUGH THE CREMATED REMAINS
191
00:11:24,034 --> 00:11:26,172
ARE COMMONLY
REFERRED TO AS ASHES,
192
00:11:26,172 --> 00:11:28,655
THEY'RE ACTUALLY BONE FRAGMENTS.
193
00:11:28,655 --> 00:11:30,965
THE FAMILY MAY CHOOSE
TO INTER THEM,
194
00:11:30,965 --> 00:11:32,482
PRESERVE THEM IN AN URN,
195
00:11:32,482 --> 00:11:36,620
OR SCATTER THEM
IN A MEANINGFUL PLACE.
196
00:11:36,620 --> 00:11:40,103
THIS PET CREMATORY
HAS THREE SMALL CHAMBERS.
197
00:11:40,103 --> 00:11:42,551
THE HUMAN VERSION
HAS A SINGLE CHAMBER
198
00:11:42,551 --> 00:11:45,241
LARGE ENOUGH
TO ACCOMMODATE A CASKET.
199
00:11:45,241 --> 00:11:49,344
INSIDE, FLAMES FROM A GAS BURNER
ENGULF THE DECEASED,
200
00:11:49,344 --> 00:11:52,068
AND THE BURNING BODY
RELEASES FLUIDS AND GASES
201
00:11:52,068 --> 00:11:55,000
WHICH FLOW TO
A SECONDARY CHAMBER IN THE BACK,
202
00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,379
WHERE ANOTHER BURNER
INCINERATES THEM.
203
00:11:58,379 --> 00:12:02,413
THE CREMATORY'S FRAME IS MADE
OF ULTRA-STRONG TUBULAR STEEL,
204
00:12:02,413 --> 00:12:03,862
BECAUSE THE STRUCTURE
205
00:12:03,862 --> 00:12:07,137
MUST WITHSTAND EXPANSION
AND CONTRACTION,
206
00:12:07,137 --> 00:12:08,620
AS THE CHAMBER HEATS UP
207
00:12:08,620 --> 00:12:12,137
TO MORE THAN 1,800 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT DURING CREMATION,
208
00:12:12,137 --> 00:12:14,482
THEN COOLS DOWN AFTERWARD.
209
00:12:16,689 --> 00:12:20,103
ONCE WORKERS HAVE CUT STEEL
TUBING TO THE LENGTHS REQUIRED,
210
00:12:20,103 --> 00:12:22,379
THEY PLACE THE PIECES IN A JIG,
211
00:12:22,379 --> 00:12:25,517
WHICH CONFIGURES THEM CORRECTLY
FOR ASSEMBLY.
212
00:12:29,482 --> 00:12:31,793
AFTER ENSURING
THE TUBES ARE FLUSH,
213
00:12:31,793 --> 00:12:33,793
WORKERS CLAMP THEM TO THE JIG
214
00:12:33,793 --> 00:12:36,310
TO PREVENT THEM FROM SHIFTING
OUT OF POSITION.
215
00:12:41,344 --> 00:12:43,344
THEN THEY WELD THE TUBES
TOGETHER,
216
00:12:43,344 --> 00:12:45,034
ASSEMBLING THEN CONNECTING
217
00:12:45,034 --> 00:12:47,379
THE MULTIPLE SECTIONS
OF THE FRAME.
218
00:12:54,137 --> 00:12:56,206
NEXT, THICK SHEETS OF STEEL
219
00:12:56,206 --> 00:12:59,068
FOR THE CREMATORY'S FLOOR
AND WALLS.
220
00:13:01,137 --> 00:13:03,931
WORKERS CLAMP THE SHEETS
IN POSITION,
221
00:13:03,931 --> 00:13:05,413
THEN FUSE THEM TO THE FRAME
222
00:13:05,413 --> 00:13:08,827
WITH JUST OVER 5-INCH LONG WELDS
ON THE OUTSIDE
223
00:13:08,827 --> 00:13:11,413
AND FULL-LENGTH WELDS
ALONG THE INSIDE SEAMS
224
00:13:11,413 --> 00:13:14,379
TO COMPLETELY SEAL THE UNIT.
225
00:13:14,379 --> 00:13:17,758
THEY WELD STEEL AIRLINES
FOR OXYGENATING THE THE FIRE
226
00:13:17,758 --> 00:13:19,517
IN THE CHAMBERS.
227
00:13:21,655 --> 00:13:24,241
NOW, WORKERS BEGIN
INSULATING THE CHAMBERS
228
00:13:24,241 --> 00:13:28,000
TO SHIELD THE STEEL STRUCTURE
FROM THE INTENSE HEAT.
229
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,344
FIRST, THEY APPLY
ADHESIVE-BACKED STEEL PINS
230
00:13:30,344 --> 00:13:32,517
TO THE STEEL WALLS
231
00:13:32,517 --> 00:13:34,103
AND AFFIX INSULATION BOARDS
232
00:13:34,103 --> 00:13:37,000
MADE OF HEAT-RESISTANT
CERAMIC FIBERS.
233
00:13:39,379 --> 00:13:43,793
THEY SECURE THE BOARDS
TO THE PINS WITH STEEL DISKS.
234
00:13:47,413 --> 00:13:51,620
WORKERS NAIL IN A SECOND LAYER
OF INSULATION.
235
00:13:51,620 --> 00:13:54,344
THESE STIFFER BOARDS ARE MADE
OF A HIGHER CONCENTRATION
236
00:13:54,344 --> 00:13:55,965
OF CERAMIC FIBERS,
237
00:13:55,965 --> 00:13:57,655
MAKING THEM
EVEN MORE HEAT RESISTANT
238
00:13:57,655 --> 00:13:59,448
THAN THE FIRST LAYER.
239
00:14:09,620 --> 00:14:12,896
AFTER INSULATING THE TOP
OF THE MACHINE THE SAME WAY,
240
00:14:12,896 --> 00:14:16,379
THEY INSTALL AN EXHAUST CHIMNEY
ABOVE THE SECONDARY CHAMBER,
241
00:14:16,379 --> 00:14:20,172
THEN A MOTORIZED FAN THAT
BLOWS AIR THROUGH A LONG SHAFT.
242
00:14:21,655 --> 00:14:24,896
THE SHAFT FUNCTIONS
AS AN AIR SUPPLY HIGHWAY,
243
00:14:24,896 --> 00:14:27,172
WITH EXIT PIPES
GOING TO THE AIRLINES
244
00:14:27,172 --> 00:14:31,482
AND TO THE GAS BURNERS
IN THE CHAMBERS.
245
00:14:31,482 --> 00:14:34,103
WORKERS APPLY TWO COATS
OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PAINT
246
00:14:34,103 --> 00:14:37,620
TO THE MACHINE'S STEEL EXTERIOR.
247
00:14:37,620 --> 00:14:39,413
AND THEN IT'S TIME
TO LINE THE CHAMBERS
248
00:14:39,413 --> 00:14:44,103
WITH A THIRD AND FINAL LAYER
OF INSULATION.
249
00:14:44,103 --> 00:14:47,793
THIS INSULATION MATERIAL
IS REFRACTORY BRICK.
250
00:14:47,793 --> 00:14:50,827
THE TERM "REFRACTORY"
MEANS "HEAT RESISTANT."
251
00:14:50,827 --> 00:14:52,172
THE BRICKS ARE MADE
252
00:14:52,172 --> 00:14:54,931
OF A CERAMIC MATERIAL
CALLED ALUMINA SILICA,
253
00:14:54,931 --> 00:14:56,344
AND CAN WITHSTAND TEMPERATURES
254
00:14:56,344 --> 00:15:00,862
AS HIGH
AS 2,900 DEGREES, FAHRENHEIT.
255
00:15:00,862 --> 00:15:04,275
THE THREE LAYERS OF INSULATION
ABSORB THE INTENSE HEAT
256
00:15:04,275 --> 00:15:05,827
OF THE CREMATION PROCESS,
257
00:15:05,827 --> 00:15:07,931
WHICH CAN TAKE 1 TO 2 HOURS,
258
00:15:07,931 --> 00:15:10,413
DEPENDING ON THE WEIGHT
OF THE BODY.
259
00:15:10,413 --> 00:15:12,931
THEY PROTECT THE MACHINE'S
STEEL STRUCTURE
260
00:15:12,931 --> 00:15:15,551
SO THAT IT DOESN'T
DEGRADE AND WEAKEN.
261
00:15:17,862 --> 00:15:22,793
ONCE THE MORTAR DRIES, WORKERS
POUR THE FLOOR AND CEILING,
262
00:15:22,793 --> 00:15:25,034
THEN HANG
THE MACHINE'S STEEL DOOR,
263
00:15:25,034 --> 00:15:27,103
WHICH OPERATES ON
A HYDRAULICALLY POWERED
264
00:15:27,103 --> 00:15:29,310
CHAIN AND SPROCKET.
265
00:15:29,310 --> 00:15:32,931
THE DOOR IS LINED
WITH INSULATED REFRACTORY BRICK,
266
00:15:32,931 --> 00:15:34,655
WHICH, UNLIKE THE CHAMBER BRICK,
267
00:15:34,655 --> 00:15:37,620
REFLECTS RATHER THAN
ABSORBS HEAT.
268
00:15:37,620 --> 00:15:42,896
THIS PREVENTS THE DOOR
FROM GETTING TOO HOT TO HANDLE.
269
00:15:42,896 --> 00:15:45,551
THE FINAL STEP IS TO WIRE
THE CHAMBER HEAT SENSORS
270
00:15:45,551 --> 00:15:48,379
AND OTHER ELECTRONICS
TO THE ELECTRICAL PANEL.
271
00:15:49,310 --> 00:15:52,172
THE CREMATION IS AUTOMATED.
272
00:15:52,172 --> 00:15:54,931
SOME MACHINES HAVE GAUGES
AND INDICATOR LIGHTS
273
00:15:54,931 --> 00:15:57,655
WHICH ENABLE THE OPERATOR
TO MONITOR COMBUSTION
274
00:15:57,655 --> 00:16:01,517
AND ADJUST FUEL AND AIRFLOW
AS REQUIRED.
275
00:16:01,517 --> 00:16:03,172
OTHER MACHINES HAVE A COMPUTER,
276
00:16:03,172 --> 00:16:04,793
WHICH RUNS, MONITORS,
277
00:16:04,793 --> 00:16:08,931
AND REGULATES THE PROCESS
FROM START TO FINISH.
278
00:16:08,931 --> 00:16:13,310
THE CREMATORY INCINERATES
ALL BUT 5% OF THE BODY.
279
00:16:13,310 --> 00:16:15,172
WHAT REMAINS ARE BONE FRAGMENTS,
280
00:16:15,172 --> 00:16:17,379
WHICH ARE THEN GROUND
INTO A POWDER
281
00:16:17,379 --> 00:16:20,275
AND RETURNED IN A CONTAINER
TO THE FAMILY.
282
00:16:32,413 --> 00:16:34,965
Narrator: COMPUTER GAME SYSTEMS
MAY BE THE RAGE,
283
00:16:34,965 --> 00:16:37,965
BUT KIDS STILL LOVE TO PLAY
THE OLD FASHIONED WAY --
284
00:16:37,965 --> 00:16:41,172
OUTSIDE, IN THE FRESH AIR,
ON A PLAYSET.
285
00:16:41,172 --> 00:16:43,758
AND TODAY'S PLAYSETS
ARE QUITE OFTEN ELABORATE,
286
00:16:43,758 --> 00:16:47,344
WITH A SLEW OF APPARATUSES
THAT PROVIDE A LOT MORE EXERCISE
287
00:16:47,344 --> 00:16:49,275
THAN A GAME CONTROLLER DOES.
288
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:54,379
MANY PLAYSETS
ARE MODULAR SYSTEMS,
289
00:16:54,379 --> 00:16:55,965
WHICH LET YOU CHOOSE
THE COMPONENTS
290
00:16:55,965 --> 00:16:58,068
AND CONFIGURATION.
291
00:16:58,068 --> 00:17:01,620
THIS SET COMBINES FORTS,
LADDERS, MONKEY BARS,
292
00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:03,413
A CLIMBING WALL, SWINGS,
293
00:17:03,413 --> 00:17:06,172
ROPE, AND A SLIDE.
294
00:17:06,172 --> 00:17:07,724
THE WOOD IS REDWOOD,
295
00:17:07,724 --> 00:17:09,965
A SPECIES THAT'S SAFE
FOR LITTLE HANDS
296
00:17:09,965 --> 00:17:12,586
BECAUSE IT'S SPLINTER-FREE.
297
00:17:12,586 --> 00:17:14,827
IT'S ALSO NATURALLY
WEATHER RESISTANT,
298
00:17:14,827 --> 00:17:17,137
SO IT DOESN'T NEED
TO BE TREATED WITH CHEMICALS
299
00:17:17,137 --> 00:17:19,310
TO PREVENT ROTTING.
300
00:17:19,310 --> 00:17:22,000
WORKERS FIRST CUT OUT
ANY KNOTS AND DEFECTS.
301
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,379
THEN THEY SAW THE WOOD
302
00:17:23,379 --> 00:17:27,931
TO THE LENGTHS REQUIRED
FOR DIFFERENT PARTS.
303
00:17:27,931 --> 00:17:29,793
THEY LOAD SEVERAL
OF THE SAME PART
304
00:17:29,793 --> 00:17:32,586
ONTO A COMPUTER-GUIDED ROUTER.
305
00:17:32,586 --> 00:17:36,724
THESE ARE THE SIDES
FOR SEVERAL LADDER KITS.
306
00:17:36,724 --> 00:17:40,275
THE ROUTER CUTS SLOTS
FOR THE LADDER'S WOODEN STEPS
307
00:17:40,275 --> 00:17:42,931
AND DRILLS HOLES FOR THE BOLTS
THAT ATTACH THE LADDERS
308
00:17:42,931 --> 00:17:44,896
TO THEIR RESPECTIVE PLAYSET.
309
00:17:48,310 --> 00:17:50,862
WORKER'S MANUALLY SAND
EVERY PIECE OF WOOD
310
00:17:50,862 --> 00:17:52,517
THAT GOES INTO A PLAYSET
311
00:17:52,517 --> 00:17:54,413
SO THAT THE ENTIRE SURFACE
IS SMOOTH
312
00:17:54,413 --> 00:17:56,275
FOR LITTLE HANDS AND KNEES.
313
00:17:59,551 --> 00:18:02,103
WHEN PIECES NEED TO BE SHAPED
A CERTAIN WAY,
314
00:18:02,103 --> 00:18:04,344
WORKERS RUN THEM THROUGH
THIS MACHINE.
315
00:18:04,344 --> 00:18:06,689
IT'S CALLED A WOOD MOLDER.
316
00:18:06,689 --> 00:18:09,793
INSIDE, IT HAS FOUR SPINDLES
WITH ROTARY KNIVES
317
00:18:09,793 --> 00:18:11,965
THAT TRIM THE WOOD
ON ALL SIDES
318
00:18:11,965 --> 00:18:13,689
TO SPECIFIC PRE-SET DIMENSIONS
319
00:18:13,689 --> 00:18:16,241
AND SHAPE.
320
00:18:16,241 --> 00:18:19,206
A WOOD MOLDER CAN MAKE
RELATIVELY COMPLEX CUTS
321
00:18:19,206 --> 00:18:22,241
TO MAKE
DECORATIVE CROWN MOLDINGS.
322
00:18:22,241 --> 00:18:24,000
HOWEVER, FOR THESE PLAYSETS,
323
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,655
THE MOLDER PRIMARILY
CURVES EDGES
324
00:18:26,655 --> 00:18:28,310
AND SHAPES ADJOINING COMPONENTS
325
00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:30,586
TO FIT TOGETHER
LIKE PUZZLE PIECES.
326
00:18:34,137 --> 00:18:36,241
HERE'S WHAT A PIECE LOOKS LIKE
BEFORE AND AFTER
327
00:18:36,241 --> 00:18:38,620
IT'S PUT THROUGH THE WOOD MOLDER
FOR SIZING
328
00:18:38,620 --> 00:18:41,793
AND TO ROUND THE CORNERS.
329
00:18:41,793 --> 00:18:46,758
SEVERAL WOOD COMPONENTS ALSO GO
THROUGH THIS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT,
330
00:18:46,758 --> 00:18:49,620
CALLED THE DOUBLE-END
CUT-OFF MACHINE.
331
00:18:49,620 --> 00:18:51,413
AS THE NAME IMPLIES,
332
00:18:51,413 --> 00:18:54,413
IT SAWS OFF A PRESET AMOUNT
OF WOOD ON EACH END
333
00:18:54,413 --> 00:18:57,310
TO STANDARDIZE LENGTH
AND SMOOTH THE SURFACE.
334
00:18:59,965 --> 00:19:03,137
THE PLAYSET'S STRUCTURE
HAS ANGLED BRACES IN THE CORNERS
335
00:19:03,137 --> 00:19:06,000
FOR EXTRA REINFORCEMENT.
336
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,758
TO MAKE THESE BRACES, WORKERS
NOTCH THE WOOD PIECES
337
00:19:08,758 --> 00:19:10,206
ON THIS MACHINE.
338
00:19:10,206 --> 00:19:12,068
THEN THEY ROUND THE EDGES
WITH A ROUTER
339
00:19:12,068 --> 00:19:13,793
AND SAND THE SURFACE.
340
00:19:16,344 --> 00:19:19,517
ONCE ALL THE WOOD PARTS
ARE SHAPED AND SANDED, WORKERS
341
00:19:19,517 --> 00:19:21,172
PUT THEM ON A CONVEYOR BELT,
342
00:19:21,172 --> 00:19:22,793
WHICH FERRIES THEM
THROUGH A MACHINE
343
00:19:22,793 --> 00:19:25,586
CALLED A VACUUM COATER.
344
00:19:25,586 --> 00:19:28,103
IT SATURATES THE PART
WITH A NON-TOXIC,
345
00:19:28,103 --> 00:19:30,517
WATER-BASED REDDISH STAIN,
346
00:19:30,517 --> 00:19:34,275
THEN SUCTIONS OFF THE EXCESS.
347
00:19:34,275 --> 00:19:37,793
WORKERS STAPLE AN IDENTIFICATION
LABEL ON EVERY PART.
348
00:19:40,758 --> 00:19:43,758
THEN THEY BUNDLE TOGETHER
ALL THE PARTS FOR THE MODULE --
349
00:19:43,758 --> 00:19:46,103
THIS IS THE LADDER KIT --
350
00:19:46,103 --> 00:19:48,103
AND PUT THEM THROUGH
A PLASTIC BANDING MACHINE
351
00:19:48,103 --> 00:19:50,137
TO TIE THEM TOGETHER.
352
00:19:50,137 --> 00:19:53,724
THE BANDER WORKS BY FEEDING
A CONTINUOUS PLASTIC STRAP
353
00:19:53,724 --> 00:19:56,448
OFF A SPOOL.
354
00:19:56,448 --> 00:19:58,655
WHEN THE OPERATOR STEPS
ON A FOOT PEDAL,
355
00:19:58,655 --> 00:20:01,551
THE MACHINE SHOOTS THE STRAP
TIGHTLY AROUND THE BUNDLE,
356
00:20:01,551 --> 00:20:04,241
THEN CUTS AND HEAT SEALS
THE ENDS.
357
00:20:06,379 --> 00:20:08,655
SWING, SLIDES,
AND CLIMBING WALL FOOTINGS
358
00:20:08,655 --> 00:20:10,758
ARE MADE OF MOLDED POLYETHYLENE,
359
00:20:10,758 --> 00:20:13,517
A FLEXIBLE
AND DURABLE TYPE OF PLASTIC.
360
00:20:16,448 --> 00:20:19,965
TO ASSEMBLE THIS BABY SWING,
WORKERS BEND IT TO SHAPE
361
00:20:19,965 --> 00:20:23,379
AND CLAMP IT
IN AN ASSEMBLY FIXTURE.
362
00:20:23,379 --> 00:20:25,689
THEN, ONE SIDE AT A TIME,
363
00:20:25,689 --> 00:20:28,310
THEY POSITION
THE GALVANIZED STEEL HARDWARE
364
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:30,793
AND INSERT THE RIVETS
THAT WILL FASTEN IT.
365
00:20:33,517 --> 00:20:36,034
THEY TRANSFER THIS ASSEMBLY
TO A VICE,
366
00:20:36,034 --> 00:20:40,551
THEN DRIVE IN THE RIVETS
WITH AN AIR-POWERED IMPACT GUN.
367
00:20:40,551 --> 00:20:47,793
THE SWING HANGS ON
PLASTIC-COATED STEEL CHAINS.
368
00:20:47,793 --> 00:20:52,206
THIS MODULE IS WHAT THEY CALL
THE SPLIT LADDER.
369
00:20:52,206 --> 00:20:54,034
IT COMBINES A WOOD STEP LADDER
370
00:20:54,034 --> 00:20:57,551
WITH A MORE CHALLENGING
CHAIN LADDER.
371
00:20:57,551 --> 00:20:59,103
PLASTIC-COATED STEEL PIPES
372
00:20:59,103 --> 00:21:03,034
AT THE TOP
AND BOTTOM LINK THE TWO.
373
00:21:03,034 --> 00:21:06,137
THE GALVANIZED STEEL CHAIN
LADDER IS COATED WITH PLASTIC
374
00:21:06,137 --> 00:21:08,448
TO MAKE IT SOFTER TO THE TOUCH.
375
00:21:11,724 --> 00:21:14,793
THEY COMPLETE THE UNIT
WITH A WOODEN SIDE RAIL,
376
00:21:14,793 --> 00:21:17,655
THEN PLACE THE SPLIT LADDER
ON A LARGE VERTICAL PRESS,
377
00:21:17,655 --> 00:21:20,379
WHICH FORCES THE PARTS
TIGHTLY TOGETHER.
378
00:21:23,172 --> 00:21:25,517
THE UNIT WILL BE
FURTHER SECURED WITH BOLTS,
379
00:21:25,517 --> 00:21:28,034
ONCE ASSEMBLED TO THE PLAYSET,
380
00:21:28,034 --> 00:21:30,379
ALONG WITH A SELECTION OF
ADDITIONAL CLIMBING,
381
00:21:30,379 --> 00:21:33,310
DANGLING, SLIDING,
AND SWINGING OPTIONS
382
00:21:33,310 --> 00:21:35,758
FOR ACTIVE LITTLE MONKEYS.
30292
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