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--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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Narrator:
AT MANY WORK SITES,
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GRAPPLES DO
ALL THE HEAVY LIFTING.
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DANGLING FROM CRANE BOOMS,
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THESE HUGE MECHANIZED CLAWS
MOVE MOUNTAINS OF MATERIAL
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ONE LOAD AT A TIME.
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SOME ARE EQUIPPED
WITH POWERFUL ELECTROMAGNETS
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FOR GATHERING
SMALL BITS OF METAL
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ALONG WITH THE LARGE ONES.
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NOT MUCH CAN ESCAPE THE GRASP
OF THE MIGHTY GRAPPLE.
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A MAGNET AT THE CENTER PULLS
METAL FROM THE SCRAP HEAP,
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WHILE FOUR FINGERS
DIG INTO THE PILE.
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IT THEN TRANSFERS THE LOAD
OF STEEL FOR RECYCLING.
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IT ACTUALLY TAKES
SOME OF THAT RECYCLED STEEL
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TO MAKE A GRAPPLE
IN THE FORM OF STEEL PLATE.
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A COMPUTER-GUIDED FLAME
BURNS THROUGH THE STEEL
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TO CUT OUT
THE VARIOUS PART SHAPES.
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IT WILL TAKE
APPROXIMATELY 50 PIECES
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IN A RANGE OF SHAPES AND
THICKNESSES TO MAKE ONE GRAPPLE.
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A PRESS BRAKE REPEATEDLY RAMS
ONE OF THE PARTS
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WHILE AN OPERATOR ADJUSTS IT
FORWARD BETWEEN THRUSTS.
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THE PROCESS CURLS THE PART
TO GIVE IT A CLAW-LIKE PROFILE.
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IT'S THE BASIC SHAPE
OF A GRAPPLE FINGER.
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USING A TEMPLATE,
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HE CHECKS THE CURVATURE
TO CONFIRM IT'S ON TARGET.
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HE'LL CURL FOUR FINGERS
PER GRAPPLE.
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MEANWHILE, A WELDER PIECES
TOGETHER THE GRAPPLE'S CORE,
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WORKING WITHIN A SPECIAL FIXTURE
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THAT ALLOWS HIM
TO ASSEMBLE IT PRECISELY.
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AFTER HE TACK-WELDS THEM
TOGETHER,
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IT'S OVER TO THE ROBOT.
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IT DOES THE PERMANENT WELDS
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AS THE CORE SLOWLY ROTATES
IN A SPECIAL DEVICE.
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THEY HOIST THE WELDED GRAPPLE
CORE OVER TO THE MAGNET
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AND FEED ITS MAIN WIRE
UP THROUGH THE CORE.
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THEY LOWER THE CORE,
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AND IT FITS ONTO METAL DOWELS
PROTRUDING FROM THE MAGNET.
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THIS ALLOWS THEM
TO ALIGN THE TWO PRECISELY.
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THEY THREAD HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTS
INTO THE DOWELS
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TO SECURE THE ASSEMBLY.
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NEXT, THEY PLACE
A TURNTABLE BEARING
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ON THE GRAPPLE'S TOP FLANGE.
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THIS BEARING
IS AN IMPORTANT PART
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OF THE CLAW-ROTATOR MECHANISM.
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THEY FASTEN THE BEARING'S
OUTER RING TO THE FLANGE
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WITH NUMEROUS BOLTS,
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TORQUEING EACH ONE TIGHTLY
TO WITHSTAND THE SPINNING ACTION
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OF THE BEARING'S INNER RING.
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AS DEMONSTRATED HERE,
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THE BEARING TURNS
IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
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TO GIVE THE GRAPPLE'S CLAW
MOVEMENTS A LOT OF FLEXIBILITY.
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A WORKER NOW LOWERS
THE UPPER ROTATOR ASSEMBLY
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ONTO THE TURNTABLE BEARING.
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THIS ASSEMBLY HOLDS
THE ROTATOR'S MOTOR
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AND THE MANIFOLD
THAT FEEDS HYDRAULIC FLUID
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TO THE CYLINDERS
THAT POWER THE CLAW.
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THEY NOW SLIDE THE HYDRAULIC
CYLINDERS INTO THEIR SLOTS
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AND LOCK THEM IN PLACE
WITH PIVOT PINS.
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THEY INSTALL A TOTAL
OF FOUR CYLINDERS.
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EACH ONE WILL POWER
ONE GRAPPLE FINGER,
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AND TOGETHER, THEY'LL OPEN
AND CLOSE THE GRAPPLE CLAW.
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THEY CONNECT THE HYDRAULIC FEED
LINES TO THE CYLINDERS
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AND REINFORCE THE CONNECTION
WITH A FOUR-BOLT FLANGE
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THAT CAN HANDLE THE PRESSURE
OF THE HYDRAULIC FLUID.
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THEY GUIDE EACH STEEL FINGER
INTO SLOTS IN THE GRAPPLE CORE
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AND ALIGN THEM CORRECTLY.
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THEY SLIDE A PIVOT PIN
INTO THE ATTACHMENT HOLES
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TO LINK THE TWO.
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THIS PIN WILL ALSO ACT
AS A KIND OF HINGE
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AS THE FINGER OPENS AND CLOSES.
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THEY FASTEN THE PIVOT PIN
TO THE GRAPPLE
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WITH A NUT THAT'S SPLIT
IN ONE SPOT.
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THIS SPLIT ENABLES IT
TO BE SQUEEZED TIGHTLY
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AROUND THE LARGE PIN
WITH A SMALL BOLT.
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THEY ATTACH THE HYDRAULIC
CYLINDERS TO THE CLAW FINGERS
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WITH MORE LARGE STEEL PINS.
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AND THEY'RE NOW READY
TO POWER THE GRAPPLE CLAW
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AND TEST THE GRIPPING ACTION.
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THE FOUR TINES, OR FINGERS,
OPEN AND CLOSE IN UNISON.
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THE TIPS MATE CORRECTLY.
THERE'S NO OVERLAP.
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THEY ROLL PAINT
ONTO THE COMPANY EMBLEM,
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AND THIS GRAPPLE CLAW
IS NOW READY FOR THE JOBSITE.
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IT WEIGHS 4.5 TONS,
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AND JUST DROPPING IT ON A CAR
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WILL CRUMPLE IT
LIKE A PIECE OF TISSUE PAPER.
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IT TAKES ABOUT 150 HOURS
TO MANUFACTURE A GRAPPLE CLAW
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THAT CAN GET A GRIP
ON THE REALLY BIG JOBS
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IN A MATTER OF SECONDS.
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Narrator: WHETHER IT'S
BOYSENBERRY IN YOUR MUFFIN,
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HAZELNUT IN YOUR COFFEE,
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BLUE CHEESE
IN YOUR SALAD DRESSING,
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OR SPEARMINT
IN YOUR CHEWING GUM,
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THE SOURCE IS USUALLY
A PREPARED FLAVORING.
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FOOD AND DRINK MAKERS TYPICALLY
APPROACH A FLAVORINGS COMPANY
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TO CUSTOM-DESIGN AND PRODUCE
WHATEVER FLAVOR THEY NEED.
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NOT ONLY DO FLAVORING COMPANIES
PRODUCE INGREDIENTS
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FOR COMMERCIAL USE,
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THEY ALSO MANUFACTURE
STAND-ALONE FLAVORING PRODUCTS
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FOR RETAIL SALE,
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SUCH AS THOSE SYRUPS
YOU SQUIRT INTO COFFEE,
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FOUNTAIN DRINKS,
AND OTHER BEVERAGES.
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IN THE COMPANY'S RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY,
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FLAVOR CHEMISTS
CREATE EACH RECIPE,
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DRAWING FROM AN ELABORATE
ARSENAL OF INGREDIENTS.
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IF THEY'RE DESIGNING AN ORANGE
FLAVORING, FOR EXAMPLE,
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THEY MIGHT COMBINE ORANGE
ESSENCE AND ORANGE PEEL
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WITH EXTRACTS
FROM OTHER CITRUS FRUITS,
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TWEAKING THE PROPORTIONS
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UNTIL THEY ACHIEVE EXACTLY
THE TASTE THEY'RE AFTER.
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THIS CHEMIST IS DESIGNING
FLAVORING FOR A SOFT DRINK.
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HE POURS A SPECIFIC AMOUNT
OF HIS TRIAL RECIPE INTO WATER,
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THEN CARBONATES THE MIX
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BY ADDING
PRESSURIZED CARBON DIOXIDE.
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THEN HE BOTTLES THE DRINK
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AND SENDS IT TO THE CLIENT
FOR APPROVAL.
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ONCE THE CLIENT GIVES THE OKAY,
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PLANT TECHNICIANS
MIX A PRODUCTION FORMULA,
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FOLLOWING VERY PRECISE
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
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SET OUT IN THE RECIPE.
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ONCE THEY COMBINE
THE FORMULA'S KEY INGREDIENTS,
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THEY ADD THEM
TO THE LIQUID FILLERS --
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SUCH AS FRUIT JUICE AND WATER --
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AND SOLVENTS SUCH AS ETHANOL.
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THE SOLVENTS
TRIGGER MOLECULAR CHANGES
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THAT TRANSFORM
THE OIL-SOLUBLE KEY INGREDIENTS
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INTO A WATER-SOLUBLE STATE.
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WITHOUT THIS CONVERSION,
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THE FINISHED FLAVORING
WOULD SIMPLY FLOAT ON TOP
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OF ANY LIQUID
TO WHICH IT'S ADDED.
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AT SEVERAL POINTS
THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS,
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THE COMPANY'S
QUALITY-CONTROL LAB
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PERFORMS AN ARRAY OF TESTS
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TO ASSESS COLOR,
FLAVOR, VISCOSITY,
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AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS.
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THE LAST INGREDIENTS TO GO
INTO THE PRODUCTION FORMULA,
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WHEN THE RECIPE CALLS FOR THEM,
ARE COLORINGS.
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SOMETIMES A CLIENT WANTS
A POWDERED FLAVORING
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RATHER THAN A LIQUID ONE.
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SO CHEMISTS
DEVELOP A LIQUID RECIPE
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THAT A MACHINE
CALLED A SPRAY DRYER
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CAN PROCESS INTO A POWDER.
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IN THE PRODUCTION PLANT,
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WORKERS POUR THE REQUIRED
QUANTITY OF PRODUCTION FORMULA
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INTO A LARGE PROCESSING KETTLE.
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THEY ADD WHATEVER
ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS
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THE RECIPE MAY CALL FOR,
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AND IF REQUIRED, HEAT THE MIX.
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IF THEY'RE MAKING
A POWDERED FLAVORING,
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THEN FROM THE KETTLE,
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THEY POUR THE LIQUID
INTO A MIXER
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CONTAINING WATER, GUMS,
AND STARCHES.
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THESE KEEP ALL THE INGREDIENTS
EVENLY BLENDED.
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THEN THEY OPEN A HATCH
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00:08:43,931 --> 00:08:46,517
AND DROP THE MIX
DIRECTLY INTO THE SPRAY DRYER.
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THE MACHINE USES HIGH PRESSURE
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TO TRANSFORM THE LIQUID
INTO A FINE MIST,
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THEN HEAT
TO DRY THE MIST PARTICLES
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INTO POWDER PARTICLES.
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THEY PUT THE POWDER
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INTO A MACHINE
CALLED A RIBBON BLENDER
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00:09:00,827 --> 00:09:06,137
AND ADD WHATEVER DRY INGREDIENTS
THE FLAVORING RECIPE CALLS FOR.
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00:09:06,137 --> 00:09:10,896
THEN MIXING BLADES SLOWLY BLEND
ALL THE POWDERS TOGETHER.
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THE PLANT SENDS A SAMPLE
FROM THE BLENDER
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TO THE QUALITY-CONTROL LAB.
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AMONG OTHER TESTS,
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LAB TECHNICIANS PUT THE SAMPLE
UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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00:09:19,275 --> 00:09:22,379
TO ANALYZE THE PARTICLE SIZE,
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00:09:22,379 --> 00:09:26,689
WHICH INDICATES HOW THOROUGHLY
THE INGREDIENTS ARE BLENDED.
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00:09:26,689 --> 00:09:28,344
EXITING THE RIBBON BLENDER,
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THE FINISHED FLAVORING PASSES
THROUGH A VIBRATING SCREEN,
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00:09:31,655 --> 00:09:34,827
A MAGNET, AND A METAL DETECTOR.
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00:09:34,827 --> 00:09:38,413
THE PACKAGING EQUIPMENT
WEIGHS A SPECIFIC QUANTITY
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00:09:38,413 --> 00:09:41,931
AND DISPENSES IT INTO CARTONS
LINED WITH POLYETHYLENE.
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00:09:41,931 --> 00:09:45,275
A SUCTION HOSE VACUUMS
WHAT DUSTS UP IN THE PROCESS,
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00:09:45,275 --> 00:09:48,620
BECAUSE AIRBORNE POWDER
IS AN EXPLOSION HAZARD.
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00:09:51,275 --> 00:09:54,103
THE PLANT SENDS A SAMPLE
FROM EVERY BATCH IT PRODUCES
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00:09:54,103 --> 00:09:55,655
BACK TO THE LAB.
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00:09:55,655 --> 00:09:59,482
TRAINED TESTERS
SMELL AND TASTE THE SAMPLE
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00:09:59,482 --> 00:10:02,137
AND COMPARE IT
TO THE MODEL LAB BATCH.
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00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,103
THE TESTERS FLAG
ANY PRODUCTION SAMPLE
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00:10:08,103 --> 00:10:10,241
THAT'S EVEN THE SLIGHTEST BIT
OFF THE MARK,
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00:10:10,241 --> 00:10:13,206
IN WHICH CASE THEY ALERT
THE FLAVOR CHEMISTS,
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00:10:13,206 --> 00:10:16,344
WHO THEN DIAGNOSE
AND FIX THE PROBLEM.
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00:10:16,344 --> 00:10:18,344
THIS PROCEDURE,
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00:10:18,344 --> 00:10:20,620
ALONG WITH THE VARIOUS
QUALITY-CONTROL MEASURES
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00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:22,379
THROUGHOUT
THE PRODUCTION PROCESS,
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00:10:22,379 --> 00:10:25,827
ENSURES TASTE CONSISTENCY,
WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL,
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00:10:25,827 --> 00:10:28,689
WHETHER THE PREPARED FLAVORING
IS AN INGREDIENT
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00:10:28,689 --> 00:10:30,655
IN A COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED
FOOD OR BEVERAGE
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00:10:30,655 --> 00:10:32,103
OR A RETAIL FLAVORING
192
00:10:32,103 --> 00:10:35,758
THAT YOU SQUIRT INTO OR
SPRINKLE ONTO A DRINK OR SNACK.
193
00:10:50,413 --> 00:10:51,689
Narrator: FOR CENTURIES,
194
00:10:51,689 --> 00:10:55,379
DOG-DRIVEN SLEDS WERE A LIFELINE
ACROSS THE FROZEN NORTH,
195
00:10:55,379 --> 00:10:57,206
DELIVERING MEDICINE
AND OTHER SUPPLIES
196
00:10:57,206 --> 00:10:59,172
TO FAR-FLUNG COMMUNITIES.
197
00:10:59,172 --> 00:11:01,413
TODAY, AIRCRAFT AND SNOWMOBILES
198
00:11:01,413 --> 00:11:03,310
HAVE MOSTLY TAKEN OVER
THAT WORK,
199
00:11:03,310 --> 00:11:05,655
AND DOG-SLEDDING
HAS BECOME A SPORT.
200
00:11:05,655 --> 00:11:09,068
AND A WELL-MADE SLED
IS BEHIND EVERY WINNING TEAM.
201
00:11:12,310 --> 00:11:15,551
A DOG-SLED RACE IS
AN ENDURANCE TEST FOR THE DOGS,
202
00:11:15,551 --> 00:11:18,206
THE DRIVER, AND THE SLED ITSELF.
203
00:11:18,206 --> 00:11:20,000
A GOOD SLED IS BOTH FLEXIBLE
204
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:22,724
AND STURDY ENOUGH
TO GO THE DISTANCE.
205
00:11:22,724 --> 00:11:27,103
AT THIS FACTORY,
THEY MAKE SLEDS FROM WHITE ASH.
206
00:11:27,103 --> 00:11:29,275
A WORKER ANGLES
THE ENDS OF VERTICAL BARS
207
00:11:29,275 --> 00:11:30,413
SO THEY CAN BE FITTED
208
00:11:30,413 --> 00:11:32,827
TO THE SLED'S TOP RAIL
AND HANDLEBAR.
209
00:11:32,827 --> 00:11:35,310
THESE BARS
ARE CALLED STANCHIONS.
210
00:11:35,310 --> 00:11:36,689
HE SHAPES THE OTHER END OF THEM
211
00:11:36,689 --> 00:11:39,000
SO THEY'LL FIT INTO GROOVES
IN THE SLED'S RUNNER.
212
00:11:41,517 --> 00:11:43,275
ALL THE PARTS OF THIS SLED
ARE DESIGNED
213
00:11:43,275 --> 00:11:46,586
TO FIT TOGETHER
LIKE PIECES OF A JIGSAW PUZZLE.
214
00:11:48,310 --> 00:11:50,551
A WORKER
NOW SCREWS ALUMINUM RAILS
215
00:11:50,551 --> 00:11:53,103
ONTO THE BOTTOM
OF THE TWO RUNNERS.
216
00:11:53,103 --> 00:11:56,034
HE SLIDES PLASTIC STRIPS
INTO THOSE ALUMINUM RAILS,
217
00:11:56,034 --> 00:11:58,241
WHICH GIVES THE RUNNERS
A SMOOTH BASE
218
00:11:58,241 --> 00:12:00,965
FOR GLIDING OVER ICE OR SNOW.
219
00:12:00,965 --> 00:12:04,793
HE SECURES THE PLASTIC STRIPS
AT EACH END WITH SCREWS.
220
00:12:04,793 --> 00:12:06,620
THE CREW
IS NOW READY TO ASSEMBLE
221
00:12:06,620 --> 00:12:09,068
ALL THE PIECES OF THE DOG SLED.
222
00:12:09,068 --> 00:12:12,000
THEY ATTACH METAL SCREW EYES
TO THE RUNNERS.
223
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:13,827
THEY'LL THREAD ROPE THROUGH THEM
224
00:12:13,827 --> 00:12:16,827
WHEN THEY'RE READY TO TIE
THE PARTS OF THE SLED TOGETHER.
225
00:12:16,827 --> 00:12:19,379
ALL THE PARTS OF THE FRAMEWORK
226
00:12:19,379 --> 00:12:22,379
FIT INTO NOTCHES
MADE SPECIFICALLY FOR THEM.
227
00:12:22,379 --> 00:12:25,724
THE LOCATION OF THOSE NOTCHES
HAS BEEN PRECISELY MAPPED OUT.
228
00:12:25,724 --> 00:12:28,448
IF ONE IS EVEN A FRACTION
OF AN INCH OFF,
229
00:12:28,448 --> 00:12:32,620
THE SLED WOULD COLLAPSE
LIKE A HOUSE OF CARDS.
230
00:12:32,620 --> 00:12:34,620
THEY MEASURE THE SPACE
BETWEEN THE RUNNERS
231
00:12:34,620 --> 00:12:37,172
TO CONFIRM
THEY'RE PERFECTLY ALIGNED,
232
00:12:37,172 --> 00:12:40,172
AND NOW TIE THE JOINTS TOGETHER
WITH NYLON ROPE.
233
00:12:40,172 --> 00:12:42,034
THESE TIES ARE CALLED LASHINGS,
234
00:12:42,034 --> 00:12:45,689
AND THERE ARE 22 OF THEM
ON THIS DOG SLED.
235
00:12:45,689 --> 00:12:48,793
HISTORICALLY, LASHINGS WERE MADE
OF MOOSE HIDE,
236
00:12:48,793 --> 00:12:50,827
BUT NYLON IS TOUGHER.
237
00:12:52,172 --> 00:12:54,517
THEY CUT THE ROPE
WITH A HOT BLADE,
238
00:12:54,517 --> 00:12:57,655
WHICH SEALS THE FIBERS
SO THAT THEY WON'T UNRAVEL.
239
00:13:01,689 --> 00:13:04,931
THEY TIE THE MIDPOINT JOINTS
TOGETHER...
240
00:13:06,517 --> 00:13:10,206
...AND THE FOCUS THEN MOVES
TO THE DOG-SLED HANDLEBAR.
241
00:13:10,206 --> 00:13:14,379
A WORKER GLUES STRIPS OF ASH
TOGETHER.
242
00:13:14,379 --> 00:13:17,689
THE STRIPS ARE THIN
SO THEY CAN BE EASILY BENT,
243
00:13:17,689 --> 00:13:22,103
ALLOWING HIM TO CURL
THE GLUED LAYER AROUND A U-FORM.
244
00:13:22,103 --> 00:13:24,862
HE CLAMPS THE WOOD TO THE FORM,
245
00:13:24,862 --> 00:13:27,241
AND THE GLUE CURES
FOR THREE HOURS.
246
00:13:27,241 --> 00:13:29,172
IT HARDENS INTO THE U-SHAPE,
247
00:13:29,172 --> 00:13:32,931
CREATING
THE DOG-SLED HANDLEBAR.
248
00:13:32,931 --> 00:13:35,379
HE SECURES THE HANDLEBAR
TO THE DOG SLED
249
00:13:35,379 --> 00:13:37,448
WITH THE NYLON LASHINGS.
250
00:13:37,448 --> 00:13:41,931
THE TEAM THEN ASSEMBLES THE BED
OF THE SLED.
251
00:13:41,931 --> 00:13:45,344
THEY CLAMP THE SLATS INTO PLACE,
252
00:13:45,344 --> 00:13:48,689
AND THEN SCREW THEM
TO THE FRAMEWORK.
253
00:13:48,689 --> 00:13:52,034
THEY INSTALL
THE SLED'S FRONT BUMPER,
254
00:13:52,034 --> 00:13:54,827
CALLED THE BRUSHBROW.
255
00:13:54,827 --> 00:13:57,931
NEXT, A WORKER CUTS OFF
THE METAL BEAD OF A BICYCLE TIRE
256
00:13:57,931 --> 00:14:00,310
AND DISCARDS IT.
257
00:14:00,310 --> 00:14:04,310
HE USES THE REMAINING TIRE TREAD
TO CREATE FOOT PADS
258
00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:06,379
BY WRAPPING IT AROUND
PIECES OF THICK PLASTIC
259
00:14:06,379 --> 00:14:09,379
AND SCREWING IT INTO PLACE.
260
00:14:09,379 --> 00:14:12,517
HE INSTALLS A TREADED PAD
ON EACH RUNNER
261
00:14:12,517 --> 00:14:14,655
TO KEEP THE DRIVER'S FEET
FROM SLIPPING OFF.
262
00:14:17,482 --> 00:14:21,931
THEN THEY INSTALL
AN ALUMINUM BAR BRAKE.
263
00:14:21,931 --> 00:14:24,103
THESE PIVOT BOLTS
WILL ALLOW THIS BAR BRAKE
264
00:14:24,103 --> 00:14:25,965
TO BE RAISED WHEN NOT NEEDED,
265
00:14:25,965 --> 00:14:28,724
AND LOWERED TO ENGAGE
THE METAL TALONS.
266
00:14:32,172 --> 00:14:34,862
HE LOOPS A BUNGEE CORD
ON EACH SIDE OF A CROSS BAR
267
00:14:34,862 --> 00:14:38,379
AND BURNS OFF AN END.
268
00:14:38,379 --> 00:14:40,793
HE HOOKS THE OTHER END
OF THE CORD TO THE BRAKE.
269
00:14:40,793 --> 00:14:42,310
THIS SIMPLE
BUNGEE-CORD MECHANISM
270
00:14:42,310 --> 00:14:46,862
WILL ENABLE THE DOG-SLED MUSHER
TO ACTIVATE THE BRAKE.
271
00:14:46,862 --> 00:14:50,275
HE HEAT-SHRINKS RUBBER TUBING
AROUND THE BASE OF THE CORD
272
00:14:50,275 --> 00:14:52,896
TO PROTECT IT.
273
00:14:52,896 --> 00:14:55,137
THEY NOW WEAVE
THE BACK OF THE SLED,
274
00:14:55,137 --> 00:14:59,241
USING NYLON CORD TO CREATE
A BASKET FOR CARRYING THINGS.
275
00:14:59,241 --> 00:15:02,931
IT'S BIG ENOUGH TO HOLD
A TIRED ANIMAL.
276
00:15:02,931 --> 00:15:05,517
THE WORKER THEN LOOPS
AND TIES THE BRIDLE
277
00:15:05,517 --> 00:15:07,724
TO FRONT STANCHIONS
BENEATH THE SLED.
278
00:15:11,551 --> 00:15:13,310
HE FORMS A "V" AS HE THREADS IT
279
00:15:13,310 --> 00:15:15,724
FROM THE BACK OF THE SLED
TO THE FRONT.
280
00:15:22,379 --> 00:15:24,310
HE PAINTS URETHANE
ONTO THE WOOD,
281
00:15:24,310 --> 00:15:25,827
AND EVEN OVER THE LASHINGS.
282
00:15:25,827 --> 00:15:28,724
THIS WILL PROTECT THEM
AGAINST WEAR.
283
00:15:30,931 --> 00:15:33,068
IT'S TAKEN ABOUT THREE DAYS
284
00:15:33,068 --> 00:15:35,482
TO MAKE THIS TRADITIONAL
BASKET DOG SLED,
285
00:15:35,482 --> 00:15:38,206
AND NOW IT'S READY TO MUSH.
286
00:15:50,689 --> 00:15:53,793
Narrator: ATHLETIC FOOTWEAR
DATES BACK TO ANCIENT TIMES,
287
00:15:53,793 --> 00:15:55,379
BUT THE CONCEPT GAINED TRACTION
288
00:15:55,379 --> 00:15:57,724
WITH THE DEVELOPMENT
OF TREADED RUBBER SOLES
289
00:15:57,724 --> 00:16:00,137
IN THE EARLY PART
OF THE 20th CENTURY.
290
00:16:00,137 --> 00:16:01,655
THESE RUBBER-SOLED SHOES
291
00:16:01,655 --> 00:16:05,068
WERE LIGHTWEIGHT, COMFORTABLE,
AND HIT THE GROUND QUIETLY,
292
00:16:05,068 --> 00:16:07,689
EARNING THEM
THE NAME "SNEAKERS."
293
00:16:12,206 --> 00:16:13,896
DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS
294
00:16:13,896 --> 00:16:16,137
HAVE BROADENED THE APPEAL
OF ATHLETIC SHOES.
295
00:16:16,137 --> 00:16:17,965
PEOPLE WEAR THEM EVERYWHERE.
296
00:16:17,965 --> 00:16:20,724
THE ATHLETIC SHOE
HAS DEFINITELY GONE MAIN STREET.
297
00:16:24,689 --> 00:16:26,551
USING A HYDRAULIC PRESS,
298
00:16:26,551 --> 00:16:29,413
THIS EMPLOYEE FORCES A DIE
THROUGH SYNTHETIC FABRIC
299
00:16:29,413 --> 00:16:32,000
TO CUT OUT PATTERNS
FOR THE UPPER PART OF THE SHOE.
300
00:16:35,517 --> 00:16:38,965
AT THE NEXT STATION,
HE PUNCHES OUT LEATHER TOE TIPS.
301
00:16:38,965 --> 00:16:41,793
THE TOE TIP
IS ONE OF NUMEROUS CUT-OUTS
302
00:16:41,793 --> 00:16:44,689
THAT ADD SHAPE AND STRUCTURE
TO THE SYNTHETIC UPPER.
303
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,655
AFTER ARRANGING THE TIP PARTS
ON A NONSTICK TRAY,
304
00:16:50,655 --> 00:16:53,793
THIS WORKER PLACES STRIPS
OF THERMAL RESIN ONTO THEM.
305
00:16:56,034 --> 00:16:59,172
SHE DRAPES A NONSTICK SHEET
OVER THE TRAY,
306
00:16:59,172 --> 00:17:02,241
THEN SLIDES IT
INTO A HOT METAL PRESS.
307
00:17:02,241 --> 00:17:05,379
THE RESIN MELTS INTO THE LEATHER
TO STIFFEN AND STRENGTHEN IT.
308
00:17:09,448 --> 00:17:12,931
ANOTHER WORKER STAMPS THE MODEL
NUMBER ONTO THE HEEL CUTOUT.
309
00:17:15,137 --> 00:17:17,103
THEN IT'S OVER
TO THE SEWING DEPARTMENT,
310
00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:18,931
WHERE A WORKER STITCHES
A REFLECTOR
311
00:17:18,931 --> 00:17:20,931
ONTO THE ATHLETIC SHOE UPPER.
312
00:17:24,275 --> 00:17:27,586
OTHER ACCENT PIECES CALL FOR
MORE INTRICATE STITCHING,
313
00:17:27,586 --> 00:17:31,344
SO SHE ARRANGES THE PARTS
ON A COMPUTERIZED PLATFORM.
314
00:17:33,103 --> 00:17:35,551
THE PLATFORM
MOVES BACK AND FORTH,
315
00:17:35,551 --> 00:17:37,689
ALLOWING THE NEEDLE
TO DO A PERFECT JOB
316
00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:40,275
OF STITCHING THE ACCENT PIECES
TO THE UPPER.
317
00:17:40,275 --> 00:17:43,586
THIS STITCHING WOULD BE
DIFFICULT TO EXECUTE MANUALLY.
318
00:17:46,758 --> 00:17:49,000
ONCE SOME OF THE MORE
SUBSTANTIAL PIECES
319
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:50,586
HAVE BEEN APPLIED TO THE SHOE,
320
00:17:50,586 --> 00:17:53,034
IT'S TIME TO SEW ON
A REFLECTIVE LOGO,
321
00:17:53,034 --> 00:17:56,310
AND THE NEEDLE IS ONCE AGAIN
GUIDED BY COMPUTER SOFTWARE.
322
00:18:00,517 --> 00:18:02,827
THIS ATHLETIC-SHOE UPPER
IS NOW READY
323
00:18:02,827 --> 00:18:05,206
FOR ITS RESIN-FORTIFIED
LEATHER TOE TIP.
324
00:18:05,206 --> 00:18:08,034
SHE STITCHES IT IN PLACE,
325
00:18:08,034 --> 00:18:10,931
AND THEN PIECES TOGETHER
THE COLLAR
326
00:18:10,931 --> 00:18:13,793
AND SEWS IT
TO THE BACK OF THE SHOE.
327
00:18:16,379 --> 00:18:20,965
SHE INSTALLS THICK FOAM PADDING
ON THE INSIDE OF THE COLLAR,
328
00:18:20,965 --> 00:18:23,241
AND THEN TURNS IT RIGHT-SIDE-OUT
329
00:18:23,241 --> 00:18:26,103
TO TUCK THE PADDING
NEATLY INSIDE AND HIDE THE SEAM.
330
00:18:31,034 --> 00:18:34,689
PUTTING ON THE COLLAR
HAS OBSCURED THE TOP LACE HOLES,
331
00:18:34,689 --> 00:18:37,620
SO SHE CLEARS THEM
WITH A COMPRESSED-AIR PUNCH.
332
00:18:41,413 --> 00:18:42,724
DOWN THE LINE,
333
00:18:42,724 --> 00:18:45,655
MORE COMPUTERIZED NEEDLES
EMBROIDER BRAND INFORMATION
334
00:18:45,655 --> 00:18:47,551
ONTO THE TONGUE PANELS.
335
00:18:54,275 --> 00:18:57,275
THE NEXT WORKER SEWS A LINER
AND PADDING TO THE PANEL,
336
00:18:57,275 --> 00:19:00,137
AGAIN WORKING INSIDE-OUT
TO HIDE THE SEAM.
337
00:19:07,137 --> 00:19:09,482
ANOTHER WORKER
THEN STITCHES A FABRIC BASE
338
00:19:09,482 --> 00:19:11,482
ONTO THE ATHLETIC SHOE.
339
00:19:15,172 --> 00:19:18,482
SHE APPLIES A RIGID PLASTIC
TO THE HEEL.
340
00:19:20,172 --> 00:19:23,862
THAT ADDS STRUCTURE AND SUPPORT
TO THE BACK PART OF THE SHOE.
341
00:19:28,206 --> 00:19:30,034
FURTHER DOWN
THE PRODUCTION LINE,
342
00:19:30,034 --> 00:19:35,241
A WORKER TUGS THE SHOE
ONTO A FOOT FORM CALLED A LAST.
343
00:19:35,241 --> 00:19:37,448
THEY HEAT IT
TO MAKE IT MALLEABLE ENOUGH
344
00:19:37,448 --> 00:19:39,862
FOR THIS MACHINE TO PULL IT
TO THE SHAPE OF THE LAST.
345
00:19:39,862 --> 00:19:41,862
AT THE SAME TIME,
346
00:19:41,862 --> 00:19:47,310
NOZZLES APPLY CEMENT TO GLUE
THE OVERLAP TO THE FABRIC BASE.
347
00:19:47,310 --> 00:19:51,413
THEN A MACHINE HEATS BOTH
THE UPPER AND THE RUBBER SOLE.
348
00:19:51,413 --> 00:19:54,103
THE HEAT ACTIVATES GLUE
APPLIED TO THE SOLE EARLIER
349
00:19:54,103 --> 00:19:57,034
AND ALSO PREPARES THE UPPER
FOR BONDING TO THAT SOLE.
350
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:04,862
THEY INITIALLY USE MANUAL FORCE
TO PRESS THE TWO TOGETHER,
351
00:20:04,862 --> 00:20:08,034
AND THEN THE SHOE IS SUBJECTED
TO MECHANIZED PRESSURE.
352
00:20:08,034 --> 00:20:09,896
INSIDE THIS MACHINE,
353
00:20:09,896 --> 00:20:12,793
A RUBBER BLADDER EXPANDS
TO FORCE THE TWO TOGETHER
354
00:20:12,793 --> 00:20:15,068
FOR A COMPLETE SEAL.
355
00:20:15,068 --> 00:20:18,758
THE SHOE THEN GETS A FOAM INSOLE
WITH AN ARCH SUPPORT.
356
00:20:18,758 --> 00:20:20,724
THE WORKER LACES IT PARTIALLY
357
00:20:20,724 --> 00:20:23,482
AND THEN PAIRS IT UP
WITH THE OTHER SHOE.
358
00:20:26,758 --> 00:20:30,724
AN INSPECTOR EXAMINES THE PAIR
FOR DEFECTS.
359
00:20:32,241 --> 00:20:34,896
IT HAS TAKEN ABOUT 21 MINUTES
360
00:20:34,896 --> 00:20:38,689
TO MAKE THIS PAIR
OF ATHLETIC SHOES.
361
00:20:38,689 --> 00:20:42,206
AND THEY SHOULD BE ABLE TO TAKE
A REAL WORKOUT.
362
00:20:51,482 --> 00:20:53,655
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
363
00:20:53,655 --> 00:20:56,482
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO SUGGEST
TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
364
00:20:56,482 --> 00:20:58,103
DROP US A LINE AT...
29144
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