Original subtitles

--Captions by VITAC-- www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

>> Narrator: THE ANCIENT GREEK

POET HOMER CALLED OLIVE OIL

"LIQUID GOLD," AND TODAY A

LITTLE DRIZZLE CAN STILL DAZZLE.

LIKE FINE WINE, PREMIUM OLIVE

OIL CAN BRING A COMPLEXITY OF

FLAVORS TO THE TABLE AND CREATE

FLAVORS TO THE TABLE AND CREATE A REAL TASTE SENSATION.

A REAL TASTE SENSATION.

THE ROOTS OF THE OLIVE TREE

STRETCH FAR INTO THE PAST.

FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS, PEOPLE

HAVE HARVESTED ITS FRUIT AND

CRUSHED IT WITH STONE TO EXTRACT

THE PRECIOUS YELLOW OIL.

IN THOSE EARLY DAYS, OLIVE OIL

WASN'T JUST USED IN FOOD, IT

FUELED LAMPS AND WAS A MEDICINAL

OINTMENT.

TODAY'S THRIVING OLIVE GROVES

ARE LIVING PROOF THAT OUR

APPETITE FOR OLIVE OIL HASN'T

WANED.

WHEN GREEN OLIVES TURN A VIOLET

RED, THEY'RE RIPE AND READY FOR

HARVEST.

WORKERS SHAKE THE OLIVES OFF THE

WORKERS SHAKE THE OLIVES OFF THE BRANCHES WITH VIBRATING RAKES.

BRANCHES WITH VIBRATING RAKES.

THE OLIVES FALL ONTO NETS SPREAD

THE OLIVES FALL ONTO NETS SPREAD BENEATH THE TREES.

BENEATH THE TREES.

THEY FUNNEL THE HARVESTED OLIVES

INTO THE FACTORY.

THEY FALL DOWN A CHUTE INTO A

LARGE VAT OF PURE WATER.

A HOSE SUCTIONS THE OLIVES AND

WATER INTO A VIBRATING BIN.

IT SEPARATES OUT LEAVES AND

TWIGS AS THE WATER DRAINS AWAY.

THE CLEANED OLIVES NOW BOUNCE

MERRILY ON THEIR WAY TOWARD THE

CRUSHER.

A FEW CENTURIES AGO, THE CRUSHER

WAS A DONKEY-POWERED APPARATUS.

TODAY, A MOTOR DRIVES

1,300-POUND GRANITE WHEELS TO

GRIND THE OLIVES, PITS AND ALL,

GRIND THE OLIVES, PITS AND ALL, INTO A PASTE.

INTO A PASTE.

ONCE THE PASTE REACHES THE

DESIRED CONSISTENCY, IT'S OVER

TO A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM THAT

REGULATES THE TEMPERATURE OF THE

PASTE AS AN AUGER MIXES IT.

THIS SEPARATES THE OIL FROM THE

PASTE, MAKING IT EASIER TO

EXTRACT WITH THIS MACHINE.

TRADITIONAL EXTRACTING

TECHNIQUES INVOLVE SPREADING THE

PASTE ON MATS AND THEN STACKING

THEM TO PRESS OUT THE OIL.

THIS SYSTEM IS MORE HIGH-TECH.

ROWS OF METAL PLATES DIP INTO

THE PASTE AND THE OIL ADHERES TO

THEM.

A SPIN IN A CENTRIFUGE SEPARATES

THE RESIDUAL PASTE FROM THE

OIL.

OIL. THE RESULT IS VIRGIN OLIVE OIL.

THE RESULT IS VIRGIN OLIVE OIL.

A SAMPLE OF EVERY BATCH GOES TO

THE TESTING ROOM WHERE THERE'S A

GUY WHO HAS A NOSE FOR THE JOB.

HE INHALES THE OLIVE OIL'S

AROMA.

LIKE A GLASS OF FINE WINE, IT

SHOULD HAVE A CERTAIN BOUQUET

AND SHOULD TASTE INTENSELY

FRUITY.

IF THE OLIVE OIL MAKES THE GRADE

WITH THIS TESTER, THE ENTIRE

BATCH IS READY FOR PACKAGING.

THE PACKAGING PROCESS IS

ENTIRELY AUTOMATED, ENSURING

IT'S ALL DONE HYGIENICALLY.

A CONVEYOR FUNNELS THESE TINS

INTO LINE FOR A FILLING.

A MECHANIZED SYSTEM THEN FEEDS

THE OLIVE OIL DIRECTLY FROM BIG

TANKS INTO THE TINS.

A MEASURING DEVICE CONTROLS THE

AMOUNT THAT GOES INTO EACH ONE.

AT THE NEXT STATION, EQUIPMENT

SPINS AND CURLS A METAL DISK

AROUND THE LIP OF THE CONTAINER

TO PUT THE BOTTOM ON THE CAN.

THE CONVEYOR FLIPS THE CAN

AROUND SO IT LANDS RIGHT SIDE

UP, READY TO PACK.

THEY PACKAGE THE PREMIUM-GRADE

OIL IN BOTTLES.

THEY USE DARK GLASS TO PROTECT

THE OIL FROM THE SUN'S

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, WHICH COULD

CAUSE OLIVE OIL TO DEGRADE AND

LOSE INTENSITY.

AFTER AN AUTOMATED FILL UP, THEY

CAP THE THREADED NECKS OF THE

BOTTLES.

MACHINERY PRESS-FITS AND THEN

SCREWS THE CAPS ON FOR AN

AIRTIGHT SEAL.

EQUIPMENT THEN GLUES AND APPLIES

THE LABELS TO THE BOTTLES.

PRESERVED AND PROTECTED, THIS

OLIVE OIL IS NOW ON ITS WAY TO

THE STORE SHELF AND ULTIMATELY

TO THE TABLE, WHERE IT'S SURE

TO THE TABLE, WHERE IT'S SURE TO KICK UP THE FLAVOR FACTOR.

TO KICK UP THE FLAVOR FACTOR.

>> Narrator: THE DEVELOPMENT OF

THE FORKLIFT TRUCK IN BRITAIN

EARLY IN THE LAST CENTURY WAS AN

UPLIFTING EVENT.

IT WAS DURING THE FIRST WORLD

WAR, AND MUCH OF THE COUNTRY'S

MALE WORKFORCE WAS ON THE BATTLE

FRONT, SO THE FORKLIFT LITERALLY

PICKED UP WHERE THEY LEFT OFF TO

KEEP THE ECONOMY MOVING ON THE

HOME FRONT.

THE MODERN FORKLIFT HAS QUITE AN

EXTENSIVE REACH.

THAT'S BECAUSE WAREHOUSES TODAY

EXPAND UP RATHER THAN OUT TO

STACK MORE INTO A GIVEN SPACE.

PRODUCTION STARTS WITH THIS

WELDING ROBOT.

THE ROBOT USES COMPUTER SMARTS

TO FUSE STEEL PARTS TOGETHER TO

PRODUCE THE TRUCK BODY.

HUMANS TAKE OVER TO WELD

TOGETHER RAILS FOR THE LIFT

SYSTEM'S MAINFRAME.

AFTER A SLEEK PAINT JOB, THE

TRUCK BODY IS READY FOR THE

MECHANICS.

AN EMERGENCY SWITCH GOES ON THE

FRONT.

IT WILL ALLOW THE FORKLIFT

OPERATOR TO QUICKLY CUT THE

ENGINE'S POWER.

THEN THEY ASSEMBLE THE LIFT'S

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, BEGINNING WITH

THE TANK THAT HOLDS THE

HYDRAULIC FLUID.

THEY HOOK IT UP TO THE PUMP THAT

PROVIDES THE REQUIRED PRESSURE.

THEY WIRE THE PUMP SO THEY CAN

LATER CONNECT IT TO THE

FORKLIFT'S BATTERY.

THEY NUDGE THE PUMP INTO ITS

PERMANENT POSITION AND BOLT IT

TO THE FLOOR OF THE TRUCK.

WIRING FOR THE LIGHTS, HORN, AND

LIFT SENSORS COMES NEXT.

THEN THEY SLIDE A FOOT PEDAL

INTO PLACE.

IT BOTH ACTIVATES AND BRAKES THE

FORKLIFT TRUCK.

AT SEVEN HORSEPOWER, THIS ENGINE

MAY SEEM SMALL, BUT IT'S ENOUGH

TO MOVE THE TRUCK AND A LOAD OF

2.2 TONS SAFELY.

THEY CHECK THE OIL AND INSTALL A

BRACKET FOR THE VEHICLE CONTROL

BRACKET FOR THE VEHICLE CONTROL HANDLE.

HANDLE.

THE HANDLE IS THEN CONNECTED TO

A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM THAT

OPERATES BOTH THE VEHICLE AND

ITS HYDRAULIC LIFT.

THEY SLIDE THE STEERING WHEEL

ONTO A SHAFT AND MAKE SURE IT'S

SOLIDLY ATTACHED.

PRODUCTION THEN HITS A TURNING

POINT AS THEY POWER UP THE MOTOR

AND CHECK THE STEERING WHEEL

INSTALLATION.

THEY FLUSH FILTERED OIL THROUGH

THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM THAT POWERS

THE LIFT.

IT'S A CLEANSING PROCESS TO

ENSURE NO DIRT CAN COMPROMISE

THE HYDRAULICS.

THEY TEST THE COMPUTERIZED

CONTROLS FOR THE LIFT AND MOTOR.

WITH THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

INSTALLED, THEY GREASE THE

MAINFRAME ABOVE THEM.

THIS MAKES IT EASIER TO SLIDE

THE INNER RAILS ONTO THE FRAME,

AND LATER, THE GREASE WILL ALSO

IMPROVE THE FUNCTION OF THIS

HYDRAULIC LIFT.

THEY THREAD CHAINS THROUGH THE

MAINFRAME AND ITS INNER RAILS.

THESE CHAINS WILL WORK IN

CONJUNCTION WITH LIFT CYLINDERS

TO ELEVATE THE LOAD.

THEY ROLL THE FORKLIFT'S

CARRIAGE ALONG GROOVES IN THE

RAIL SYSTEM.

IT'S THIS CARRIAGE TO WHICH THE

FORKS AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS WILL

BE MOUNTED.

A SPECIAL MACHINE NOW MANEUVERS

THE LIFT INTO AN UPRIGHT

POSITION.

THEN THEY WHEEL IN THE COMPLETED

TRUCK.

THEY CALL THIS A MARRIAGE

BECAUSE THE TRUCK AND LIFT ARE

GETTING HITCHED.

THEY BOLT THE TWO SUBASSEMBLIES

TOGETHER FROM THE INSIDE OF THE

EMPTY BATTERY COMPARTMENT.

THEY THEN TEMPORARILY CONNECT

THE FORKLIFT TO A BATTERY IN

ORDER TO MOVE IT DOWN THE LINE.

IT'S TIME FOR THE FORKLIFT TO

UNDERGO A LITTLE CORPORATE

BRANDING WITH THESE COMPANY

DECALS.

THEY ENGRAVE A SERIAL NUMBER

ONTO A METAL PLATE.

IT IDENTIFIES THE FORKLIFT FOR

WARRANTY PURPOSES.

THEY PUT A COVER ON THE TRUCK,

AND THIS FORKLIFT IS READY TO GO

TO WORK.

THE FORKS AND THE BATTERY WILL

BE INSTALLED ON THE WORKSITE

BECAUSE THEY'RE OFTEN SPECIFIC

TO THE JOB.

BUT ONE THING'S FOR CERTAIN --

THIS FORKLIFT IS SURE TO CARRY A

THIS FORKLIFT IS SURE TO CARRY A LOT OF WEIGHT IN THE WORKPLACE.

LOT OF WEIGHT IN THE WORKPLACE.

>> Narrator: SEAMLESS ROLLED

RINGS KEEP A LOT OF THINGS

RUNNING IN OUR WORLD, SO WE

THOUGHT IT WAS TIME TO RECOGNIZE

THEIR CONTRIBUTION.

THESE WHEELS OF STEEL ARE

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF ENGINES,

POWER GENERATORS, AND INDUSTRIAL

MACHINERY, TO NAME JUST A FEW

THINGS.

AND YOU COULD SAY THEY KEEP

THINGS OPERATING SEAMLESSLY.

SEAMLESS ROLLED RINGS ARE AT THE

CENTER OF THE ACTION IN A LOT OF

MACHINERY SUCH AS BEARINGS,

GEARS, AND CONNECTORS.

A SEAMLESS ROLLED RING STARTS

WITH ONE OF THESE SOLID STEEL

BILLETS.

A POWERFUL MAGNET MOVES THEM

INTO A QUEUE FOR PRODUCTION.

A SAW WITH CARBIDE-TIPPED TEETH

CUTS THE BILLET INTO SMALLER

CHUNKS.

A HYDRAULICALLY POWERED CLAW

THEN TAKES THE CUT PIECE TO A

FURNACE FIRED TO 1,260 DEGREES

CELSIUS.

THAT'S HOT ENOUGH TO SOFTEN THE

STEEL FOR FORGING BUT BELOW ITS

MELTING POINT.

THE STEEL TURNS BRIGHT YELLOW,

WHICH INDICATES THAT IT'S READY

TO BE REMOVED.

THE OPERATOR PLACES IT IN A

CHAMBER WHERE CHAINS BATTER THE

ENDS TO BREAK OFF SCALE FORMED

BY THE SEARING HEAT OF THE

FURNACE.

THE CLAW THEN TRANSFERS IT TO AN

1,100-TON PRESS.

IT SQUASHES THE STEEL SLIGHTLY,

CAUSING THE SCALE ON THE SIDES

TO CRACK AND BREAK OFF.

TO CRACK AND BREAK OFF. THEN IT'S OVER TO A DIE.

THEN IT'S OVER TO A DIE.

A WORKER PLACES A BIT OF COAL IN

THE CENTER OF THE HOT STEEL

CHUNK.

THE COAL CATCHES, GENERATING A

POWDER THAT LUBRICATES THE

ACTION OF A 2,800-TON PUNCH.

THE PUNCH PIERCES THE CENTER OF

THE STEEL AND PUSHES IT AGAINST

THE WALLS OF THE DIE,

TRANSFORMING THE STEEL CHUNK

INTO A DOUGHNUT.

30 FEET AWAY, THE OPERATOR

CONTROLS THE GRIPPER TO LIFT OUT

THE DOUGHNUT.

HE THEN REACTIVATES THE PUNCH TO

KNOCK OUT THE LAST BIT OF METAL

IN THE CENTER HOLE.

BY NOW, THE STEEL HAS COOLED

DOWN QUITE A BIT, SO IT'S INTO

ANOTHER FURNACE TO BRING IT BACK

TO FORGING TEMPERATURE.

ONCE IT'S YELLOW HOT, THIS STEEL

DOUGHNUT IS READY TO BE

TRANSFORMED INTO A RING.

A MANDREL POKES UP THROUGH THE

CENTER.

IT STABILIZES THE DOUGHNUT AS A

CONVEYOR SLIDES IT INTO POSITION

FOR RING ROLLING.

THE DOUGHNUT ROTATES, AND

ROLLERS PRESS AGAINST IT TO

SHAPE IT INTO A THIN, WIDE RING.

CONE-SHAPED TOOLS ABOVE AND

BELOW ALSO SPIN AGAINST IT TO

ESTABLISH THE DESIRED HEIGHT.

THE HOT STEEL IS EASILY

MANIPULATED BY THE TOOLS AND

STRETCHES LIKE PUTTY.

THIS PROCESS TURNS THE DOUGHNUT

INTO A RING, AND THAT'S WHY THEY

CALL THIS RING ROLLING.

THE CHANGE IS TRULY DRAMATIC.

A WORKER STAMPS A SERIAL NUMBER

ONTO THE RIM.

NEXT, A TOOL DRAGS THE RING

ONTO A CONVEYOR WHICH TAKES IT

TO A STACKING DEVICE.

THE RINGS COOL FROM YELLOW TO

ORANGE.

SOON, THEY'LL BE COMPLETELY

COOLED AND READY TO HEAD INTO

ANOTHER FURNACE, THIS TIME FOR

HEAT TREATING.

THIS TEMPERING PROCESS RELIEVES

THE STRESSES IN THE STEEL CAUSED

BY ALL THAT ROLLING AND

FORGING.

THIS MAKES THE STEEL STRONGER

AND MORE RESILIENT.

ONCE THIS RING HAS BEEN COOLED

AND HARDENED, THEY POSITION IT

ON A TURNTABLE, RELYING ON A

SPECIAL GAUGE TO LET THEM KNOW

SPECIAL GAUGE TO LET THEM KNOW IT'S ON THE MARK.

IT'S ON THE MARK.

THE RING REVOLVES AS A TOOL

PEELS OFF THAT SOOTY-LOOKING

CRUST TO REVEAL THE GLOSSY

SUBSTRUCTURE.

AND THEY GIVE THE INTERIOR OF

SOME RINGS THE SAME TREATMENT.

NOW THESE STEEL RINGS ARE READY

TO TAKE THEIR PLACE AS

COMPONENTS IN HEAVY EQUIPMENT,

POWER PLANTS, AND EVEN TRAIN

WHEELS BECAUSE WHEN IT COMES TO

THEIR CAPABILITIES, THEY'RE

THEIR CAPABILITIES, THEY'RE DEFINITELY WELL-ROUNDED.

DEFINITELY WELL-ROUNDED.

>> Narrator: IN A SPORT WITH

STEEP CHALLENGES, PROPER

FOOTWEAR IS A MUST.

EARLY SKI BOOTS WERE MADE OF

LEATHER, BUT WHEN MOLDED PLASTIC

BOOTS CAME ALONG IN THE LATE

1960s, THEY OFFERED A BIG

ADVANTAGE -- STIFFNESS.

STIFFER BOOTS MEANT BETTER

CONTROL, AND WHEN YOU'RE HEADING

DOWNHILL FAST, CONTROL IS

DEFINITELY A GOOD THING.

THE MODERN SKI BOOT TRANSFERS

THE BODY'S MOVEMENTS EFFECTIVELY

TO THE SKIS, AND A LITTLE HIGH

TECH CAN'T HURT WHEN YOU'RE

TRYING TO TAKE YOUR SKIING

SKILLS TO NEW HEIGHTS.

TRANSFORMING THESE PLASTIC CHIPS

INTO A HIGH-TECH SKI BOOT TAKES

SOME PLANNING.

THEY DESIGN THE BOOT ON A

COMPUTER AND SIMULATE THE

PROCESS OF THE CHIPS BEING

MELTED AND MOLDED INTO THE

SHAPE.

LIKE IN THE COMPUTER MODEL, IT

WILL TAKE JUST SECONDS TO TURN

THE CHIPS INTO THE OUTER SHELL

OF THE SKI BOOT.

MACHINERY LOWERS BOOT FORMS INTO

MOLDS WHICH CLAMP TOGETHER WITH

A FORCE OF UP TO 550 TONS.

PUMPS THEN INJECT THE MELTED

CHIPS INTO THE SPACE BETWEEN THE

MOLDS AND THE FORMS.

THE PLASTIC HARDENS INSTANTLY,

AND ROBOTIC ARMS PULL THE NEW

SKI-BOOT SHELLS OFF THE FORMS.

TWO DIFFERENT PLASTICS HAVE BEEN

USED TO GIVE THESE SHELLS

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE

CHARACTERISTICS.

EQUIPMENT NOW STAMPS THE BRAND

NAME AND GRAPHICS ONTO THE

SHELL.

THE ASSEMBLER RIVETS RUBBER

PROTECTORS TO THE SOLE OF THE

BOOT.

THEY'LL INTERFACE WITH THE SKI'S

BINDINGS.

THEY'LL ALSO PROVIDE TREAD TO

MAKE THE BOOT SAFER TO WALK

AROUND IN DURING THOSE SKI

BREAKS.

THIS SKI-BOOT SHELL IS NOW READY

FOR SOME BUCKLES.

THEIR LOCATION HAS BEEN MAPPED

OUT DURING MOLDING WITH LITTLE

INDENTATIONS.

THE INDENTATIONS GUIDE THE

ASSEMBLER AS SHE RIVETS THE

BUCKLES TO THE BOOTS.

MEANWHILE, ANOTHER WORKER

FOCUSES ON THE BOOT'S PLASTIC

CUFF.

IT'S FRESH OUT OF THE MOLD, SO

HE TRIMS THE EDGES TO ENSURE

THEY'RE PERFECTLY SMOOTH.

HE INSTALLS A REFLECTOR ON THE

INSIDE TO LOCATE THE SKIER IN

THE EVENT OF AN AVALANCHE.

THIS FEATURE IS FOUND ON

HIGH-END MODELS.

HE ATTACHES A LONG STRAP TO THE

BACK.

IT'S FOR ADJUSTING THE BOOT'S

FIT AROUND THE SKIER'S CALF AND

SHIN.

NOW THEY'RE READY TO ATTACH THE

CUFF TO THE SHELL.

THE FASTENER IS ADJUSTABLE TO

ALIGN THE CUFF WITH THE SHAPE OF

THE SKIER'S LEG.

THIS ADJUSTMENT IS CALLED

CANTING.

WITH THE OUTER BOOT NOW

COMPLETE, PRODUCTION MOVES TO

THE LINER.

A TECHNICIAN LOADS THE PATTERNS

INTO A COMPUTERIZED FABRIC

CUTTER, ARRANGING THEM TO

MINIMIZE WASTE.

THE COMPUTER-GUIDED BLADE GOES

TO WORK AND CUTS OUT THE SHAPES.

THEY USE A COMBINATION OF

SYNTHETIC FABRICS TO HELP THE

BOOT LINER INSULATE THE SKIER'S

FOOT AGAINST COLD AND HUMIDITY.

AFTER SEWING THE OUTER PART

TOGETHER, THEY GLUE TWO LAYERS

TO IT.

THE OUTSIDE FABRIC AND INNER

PADDING ARE POLYURETHANE

MATERIAL AND THE INNER LAYER IS

POLYESTER.

THIS SPECIAL DEVICE PRESSES THE

GLUED FABRICS TOGETHER AND

SHAPES THEM.

THEN IT'S OVER TO THE SEWING

DEPARTMENT WHERE THE GLUED SEAMS

ARE STITCHED.

THEY ADD THE SOLE AND FINISH IT

OFF WITH A WATERPROOF FABRIC.

IT HAS A SPECIAL WEAVE THAT

KEEPS THE LINER FROM SLIDING

AROUND IN THE BOOT.

MECHANICAL ARMS NOW HOLD OPEN

THE BOOT AS THE ASSEMBLER SLIDES

THE BOOT AS THE ASSEMBLER SLIDES A LINER INTO IT.

A LINER INTO IT.

ONCE THE LINER IS INSTALLED,

THIS SKI BOOT IS ON ITS WAY TO

THE SPORTING-GOODS STORE, AND,

THE SPORTING-GOODS STORE, AND, INEVITABLY, TO HIGHER GROUND.

INEVITABLY, TO HIGHER GROUND.

THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS HAS

TAKEN ABOUT AN HOUR.

AND THESE BOOTS SHOULD BE GOOD

FOR YEARS OF PLUNGING THROUGH

FOR YEARS OF PLUNGING THROUGH POWDER AND MOGUL MANEUVERING.

POWDER AND MOGUL MANEUVERING.

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