All language subtitles for How.Its.Made.S13E04.Bowling.Balls.and.Radar.Guns.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.H.264-SLAG_track4_[eng]

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Narrator:
THE BOWLING BOWL HAS UNDERGONE

A LOT OF CHANGES
OVER SEVERAL CENTURIES

TO BECOME
SUCH A STRIKING SUCCESS.

FROM A CRUDE STONE
TO CARVED WOOD

TO RUBBER TO MOLDED POLYESTER,

IT'S BEEN REINVENTED
NUMEROUS TIMES.

BUT THE LATEST VERSION HAS
TURNED OUT TO BE A REAL WINNER.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

HAVE RESHAPED THE BOWLING BALL
AT ITS VERY CORE.

NO LONGER ROUND,
THE NUCLEUS IS ASYMMETRICAL,

WHICH CAUSES THE BALL
TO CURVE TOWARDS THE PINS

AS IT ROLLS DOWN THE LANE.

THEY MAKE THE CORES
FROM POLYESTER RESIN,

BLENDING IN MINERALS
LIKE BARITES, SILICA POWDER,

AND LIMESTONE.

THE RESULT LOOKS
LIKE CHOCOLATE MILK,

OR MAKE THAT HOT CHOCOLATE,
BECAUSE A CATALYST

TRIGGERS A CHEMICAL REACTION
THAT HEATS IT UP.

AS THEY PIPE IT INTO THE MOLDS,

IT QUICKLY STARTS TO CURE
AND SOLIDIFY.

IN JUST TWO MINUTES,
IT'S READY TO EXTRACT.

THIS CORE IS OBLONG --
FLAT ON ONE SIDE WITH A KNOB.

THERE ARE DIFFERENT VERSIONS
OF THIS CORE DESIGN,

EACH ONE CAREFULLY CALCULATED

TO MANIPULATE
THE BOWLING BALL'S PERFORMANCE

AT A SPECIFIC SKILL LEVEL.

THEY NOW DRILL TOWARD THE CENTER
OF THE CORE TO MAKE A PINHOLE.

THIS ALLOWS THE CORE
TO BE SUSPENDED

IN JUST THE RIGHT POSITION
IN A SECOND MOLD.

THIS ASYMMETRICAL CORE
IS ABOUT TO BE ENCASED

IN A MORE UNIFORM SPHERE.

THEY TAMP THE CORE
INTO THE BOTTOM PART OF THE MOLD

AND THEN LOCK DOWN THE TOP HALF.

AFTER ALL,
THEY DON'T WANT ANY LEAKS

AS THEY PUMP IT FULL OF PLASTIC.

IT'S A LIQUID-POLYMER BLEND.

A SPECIAL CHEMICAL IN IT CAUSES
THE MIX TO SOLIDIFY SLOWLY.

IT CAN TAKE DAYS FOR IT
TO HARDEN AROUND THE CORE,

DEPENDING ON THE FORMULATION

AND TYPE OF BOWLING BALL
BEING MADE.

WHEN THEY KNOCK IT
OUT OF THE MOLD,

ALL IS REVEALED.

THAT ASYMMETRICAL CORE
IS NOW SEALED

IN A VERY SYMMETRICAL
POLYMER SHELL.

NEXT, IT'S INTO A THIRD MOLD.

THIS ONE
WILL SEAL THE BOWLING BALL

IN AN OUTER SKIN
CALLED THE VENEER.

THIS VENEER HAS BEEN
SCIENTIFICALLY FORMULATED

TO ENHANCE THE BALL'S TRACTION

AS IT HOOKS
TOWARDS THE BOWLING PINS.

IT'S MADE OF COLORANT,
PLASTICIZER,

A CHEMICAL CALLED I.S.O.,
AND URETHANE.

BLENDING THESE INGREDIENTS

PRODUCES HIGH-PERFORMANCE
POLYURETHANE.

AS THE MIX FLOWS INTO THE MOLDS,
A CHEMICAL REACTION

CAUSES IT TO HEAT UP
AND SOLIDIFY IN JUST SECONDS.

THEN IT'S INTO AN OVEN
TO BOOST THE CHEMICAL REACTION.

NEXT, A SPINNING GRINDER
SHAVES OFF THE BUMP,

WHICH WAS FORMED BY OVERFLOW
AT THE MOLD'S INTAKE TUBE.

THE REMOVAL OF THIS BUMP

ROUNDS OFF THE SHAPE
OF THE BOWLING BALL.

WITH ITS THREE LAYERS,
THIS BOWLING BALL

LOOKS A BIT LIKE A BIG BONBON
WHEN IT'S SLICED IN TWO.

AND WHILE IT MAY LOOK SWEET,
IT NEEDS A BIT MORE WORK

BEFORE IT'S READY
TO TAKE ON THE COMPETITION.

A LIFT SYSTEM DELIVERS
THE BOWLING BALL

TO A SANDING OPERATION,
WHICH ROUGHS UP THE SURFACE.

THE COARSENESS
OF THE SANDING VARIES,

DEPENDING
ON THE PERFORMANCE GOALS

OF THE PARTICULAR BALL.

THIS MACHINE HEAT-STAMPS
TRADEMARK INFORMATION

ONTO THE BALL.

THEY DO ONE LAST SANDING,

AS A CONSTANT FLOW OF WATER
REMOVES THE POWDERY RESIDUE.

THE MORE POLISHED THE SURFACE,

THE LESS PRONOUNCED THE BALL'S
HOOKING ACTION WILL BE.

EVEN THIS LAST SANDING

IS GEARED TO A CERTAIN
PERFORMANCE STANDARD.

ONCE THEY BUFF THE SURFACE,
ALL THAT'S LEFT

IS TO CUSTOM-DRILL
THE FINGER HOLES.

WITH THIS BOWLING BALL IN HAND,

SUCCESS SHOULD BE
WITHIN STRIKING DISTANCE.

Narrator:
BARBER POLES GO BACK TO A TIME

WHEN BARBERS
ALSO PERFORMED SURGERY,

TOOTH EXTRACTIONS,
AND BLOODLETTING.

SOME BELIEVE THAT THE IDEA
FOR THE RED AND WHITE STRIPS

CAME ABOUT BECAUSE OF BLOODY
AND CLEAN BANDAGES

THAT TWISTED TOGETHER
IN THE WIND

AS THE CUSTOMER HELD ONTO A POLE
DURING A PROCEDURE.

OVER TIME,

BARBER POLES HAVE COME TO LOSE
THEIR GRUESOME CONNOTATION

BUT NOT THEIR PLACE
AS AN HISTORIC SYMBOL.

THERE'S ONLY ONE COMPANY LEFT
IN NORTH AMERICA

THAT MAKES THEM.

THEY BEGIN
BY ROLLING A PRINTED LINER

ONTO A WOODEN MANDREL.

THE MANDREL THEY USE

DEPENDS ON THE SIZE
OF THE POLE THEY'RE MAKING.

USING A KNIFE, THEY SCORE
THE LINER AT BOTH ENDS.

THE LINER IS MADE
OF PAPER AND VINYL

TREATED WITH U.V. PROTECTION
TO PREVENT IT FROM FADING.

SCORING THE LINER
HELPS GUIDE THE WORKER

AS HE TRIMS THE FAMILIAR
RED-WHITE-AND-BLUE MATERIAL

TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH.

NEXT, HE RIVETS THE COMPANY LOGO
TO A SUPPORT FRAME.

THEN WITH BOLTS,

HE ATTACHES A TOP
AND BOTTOM SUPPORT CASTING.

THE FRAME AND CASTINGS
ARE MADE OF ALUMINUM,

SO THEY'RE VIRTUALLY RUSTPROOF,
WHICH IS A BIG PLUS

SINCE BARBER POLES
HAVE TO WEATHER THE ELEMENTS.

AFTER ENSURING
THE ASSEMBLY IS LEVEL,

THEY INSTALL THE GLASS CYLINDER,

WHICH CAN BE MADE
OUT OF EXTRUDED

OR HANDBLOWN GLASS.

AFTER A FINAL TIGHTENING,

THEY DOUBLE-CHECK
THAT EVERYTHING FITS SNUGLY.

NEXT, THEY ADD WATER
TO A SPECIAL CAULKING POWDER

AND MIX IT
TO A SMOOTH CONSISTENCY.

THE CAULKING MUST BE
JUST THE RIGHT THICKNESS

TO PROPERLY FILL THE CAVITY
BETWEEN THE ALUMINUM CASTING

AND THE GLASS CYLINDER.

FIVE MINUTES LATER
WHEN THE CAULKING IS DRY,

THEY CAREFULLY TRIM OFF
THE EXCESS

ON BOTH ENDS OF THE CYLINDER,

LEAVING BEHIND A SMOOTH,
WATERTIGHT SEAL

THAT HELPS SECURE
THE GLASS CYLINDER IN PLACE.

CLEANING THE GLASS BY HAND
IS JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE

OF ALL THE ARTISANAL HANDIWORK
THAT GOES INTO MAKING

THESE TIME-HONORED
BARBER POLES.

NEXT, THEY MOUNT THE ASSEMBLY
ON A HOOK

AND PAINT THE CAULKING
WITH A COLORED SEALER

THAT MATCHES THE CASTING

AND MAKES THE CAULKING
WATERPROOF.

AFTER THAT, A WORKER PUTS IN
A MOTOR MECHANISM.

THE MOTOR WILL ROTATE
THE PRINTED LINER

INSIDE THE GLASS CYLINDER.

ONCE THE MOTOR IS HOOKED UP,
HE TAKES AN INNER CYLINDER,

WHICH HAS THE PRINTED LINER
MOUNTED ON IT,

AND INSTALLS IT

ON TOP OF THE MECHANISM
THAT MAKES IT ROTATE.

HE THEN INSTALLS
A TWO-SOCKET LIGHT FIXTURE

WITH A BULB
THAT ILLUMINATES THE LINER.

TO KEEP THE PRINTED LINER
STRAIGHT AS IT TURNS,

HE THEN ATTACHES WHAT'S CALLED
A TOP-CYLINDER BUSHING.

ALL THAT'S LEFT
TO COMPLETE THE POLE

IS TO ATTACH
A RUSTPROOF ALUMINUM COVER

AND THE SECOND LIGHT BULB

THAT LIGHTS UP
THE WHITE GLASS GLOBE.

FINALLY, HE HOOKS UP THE POLE
TO ELECTRICITY

AND MAKES SURE THE MOTOR,
BOTH LIGHTS,

AND THE INNER LINER
ARE WORKING PROPERLY,

CREATING THE ILLUSION
OF MOVEMENT.

MODERN BARBER POLES COME
IN VARIOUS SIZES AND STYLES,

WITH OR WITHOUT
ILLUMINATING GLOBES,

BUT THEY ALWAYS KEEP THEIR LINK
TO THE PAST.

Narrator: WHEN PRODUCTION HITS
A SNARL AT THE FELT FACTORY,

THINGS ARE GOING WELL.

THAT'S BECAUSE FELT IS MADE

BY ENTANGLING FIBERS
INTO A MATTED MATERIAL.

FELT HAS ACTUALLY BEEN AROUND
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS

AND MAY BE THE FIRST FABRIC
EVER PRODUCED.

THESE DAYS, MECHANIZATION
PUTS A NEW TWIST ON FELT.

BOOT LINERS ARE AN EXAMPLE

OF THE WAY FELT
LAYERS OUR LIVES.

THEY BEGIN WITH BALES
OF POLYESTER FIBERS.

SOMETIMES THEY ADD WOOL
OR SYNTHETIC FIBER.

THIS MACHINE
IS ABOUT TO SINK ITS TEETH

INTO THOSE FIBERS.

IT'S A ROTATING BED

WITH HUNDREDS OF FIERCE-LOOKING
SPIKES PROTRUDING FROM IT.

AN OPERATOR LOADS
THE BALES OF FIBERS

ONTO A FEEDER CONVEYOR.

IT SHUFFLES THE CLUMPS
TOWARD THAT SPIKED CONVEYOR,

WHICH SNAGS THE FIBERS

AND TAKES THEM UP
TO ANOTHER SPIKED ROTATING BELT.

BUT THIS ONE MOVES
IN A DIFFERENT DIRECTION

TO GRAB AND PULL THE SHORT,
SPRINGY FIBERS APART.

THE PROCESS FLUFFS
AND BLENDS THE FIBERS,

TRANSFORMING THE DENSE CLUMPS

INTO SOMETHING THAT'S
THE CONSISTENCY OF COTTON WOOL.

NOW THAT THE FIBERS
HAVE BEEN LOOSENED UP,

IT WILL BE EASIER
TO EXTRACT ANY METAL BITS

THAT MAY HAVE CONTAMINATED
THE BALES EARLY ON.

A MAGNET PULLS OUT
THESE CONTAMINANTS,

WHICH WOULD OTHERWISE
CAUSE DAMAGE

TO EQUIPMENT DOWN THE LINE.

WITH THE METAL BITS REMOVED,

THE FIBERS MOVE
INTO ANOTHER MACHINE.

THIS ONE HAS A SERIES
OF PINNED ROLLERS

THAT ARE CLOSE ENOUGH
TO ALMOST TOUCH.

THEY ROTATE IN DIFFERENT
DIRECTIONS TO ALIGN THE FIBERS.

THIS CREATES
A UNIFORM WEB OF FLUFF.

THEN IT'S OVER
TO THE CROSS LAPPER --

A SYSTEM OF CONVEYORS
THAT MOVE BACK AND FORTH

TO NEATLY FOLD IT UP.

THEY THEN TRAVEL
BETWEEN ROLLERS,

WHICH SQUEEZE
SEVERAL LAYERS DOWN

TO A THICKNESS OF A LITTLE MORE
THAN A CENTIMETER.

10,000 LONG NEEDLES REPEATEDLY
STAB THE COMPRESSED WEB

TO ENTANGLE THE FIBERS.

EACH NEEDLE IS EQUIPPED
WITH NINE BARBS

TO SNARE THE POLYESTER FIBERS.

THIS PROCESS
IS HOW THEY BECOME ENMESHED.

IT TRANSFORMS
THE COMPACTED FLUFF INTO FELT.

ROLLERS PULL THE MATTED MATERIAL
OUT OF THE MACHINE...

AS THEY WIND IT ONTO A BIG ROLL.

YOU CAN SEE THAT THE FIBERS
ARE NOW A SOLID MASS.

NEXT,
THEY LAYER TWO PILES OF FELT

ONTO A METALIZED NYLON FILM.

THIS SHINY FILM
WILL REFLECT THE OUTSIDE COLD,

AND THE THREE LAYERS COMBINED

WILL PROVIDE
EXTRA THERMAL PROTECTION

THAT WILL EVEN INSULATE AGAINST
ARCTIC TEMPERATURES IF NEED BE.

MORE LONG NEEDLES PUNCH
INTO THE THREE LAYERS

AND ENTANGLE THE FIBERS
TO CREATE ONE SHEET OF MATERIAL.

IT'S A FORM OF LAMINATING
WITHOUT GLUE.

THE NEEDLES LEAVE LITTLE HOLES
IN THE REFLECTIVE FILM

THAT IMPROVE THE BREATHABILITY
OF THE FABRIC.

NEXT, A WORKER USES
A 25-TON PRESS

TO PUNCH BOOT-LINER PATTERNS
OUT OF THE FELT.

THE PRESS BEARS DOWN ON DYES

THAT CUT OUT
VARIOUS-SIZED INSOLES

AND BOOT-LINER SIDEPIECES.

THIS FELT IS NOW READY

TO ADD A LITTLE WARMTH
TO SOMEONE'S LIFE.

ALL THEY HAVE TO DO
IS SEW THE PARTS TOGETHER.

THE SEAMSTRESS STITCHES
THE TWO SIDEPIECES,

USING AN INDUSTRIAL MACHINE
WITH NEEDLES

THAT EASILY PENETRATE THE THICK,
STIFF FELT.

THE TOP OF THE BOOT LINER
IS FINISHED.

BUT WITHOUT ITS SOLE,
IT'S INCOMPLETE.

THEY SEW THE FELT SOLE ONTO IT
WITH A NEAT LOOP STITCH --

THE ONLY STITCH THAT WOULD HOLD
THIS CONFIGURATION TOGETHER.

FROM A PILE OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS
TO A RIGID LINER

THAT'S READY TO PROTECT YOU
AGAINST THE ELEMENTS,

IT'S BEEN QUITE A JOURNEY,
AND IT'S FAR FROM OVER,

AS FELT CONTINUES
TO KEEP ITS FOOTHOLD

IN THE WORLD OF LAYERS
AND LINERS.

Narrator:
IF YOU SEE ONE OF THESE,

IT'S LIKELY CONNECTED
TO THE LONG ARM OF THE LAW.

POLICE HAVE BEEN USING
RADAR GUNS TO NAB SPEEDERS

EVER SINCE THE 1950s.

THEY BOUNCE RADAR
OFF YOUR VEHICLE

AND ANALYZE THE RETURNING SIGNAL
TO GET A READING,

AND THAT'S WHEN SIRENS WAIL
AND THE OFFICER SAYS,

"DO YOU KNOW
HOW FAST YOU WERE GOING?"

IF YOU'RE A SPEEDER,

THE POLICE HAVE PROBABLY GOT
YOUR NUMBER,

THANKS TO THE RADAR GUN.

WHEN OPERATED PROPERLY,

RADAR GUNS
BOAST AN ACCURACY RATE

OF PLUS OR MINUS
HALF A MILE PER HOUR.

BUT OF COURSE, YOU CAN ALWAYS
TRY ARGUING WITH THE OFFICER.

MAKING A RADAR GUN
STARTS WITH CABLE WIRE --

LOTS OF IT.

ROLLERS STRAIGHTEN IT,

THEN AUTOMATED BLADES
CUT IT TO LENGTH

AND STRIP THE PLASTIC CASING
AT BOTH ENDS.

WITH THE WIRES NOW EXPOSED,

THEY'RE READY
FOR THE METAL CONTACTS

THAT WILL ALLOW
WIRING INTERCONNECTIONS.

A TECHNICIAN PLACES
THE EXPOSED WIRE IN THE CONTACT,

AND A MACHINE
CRIMPS THEM TOGETHER.

THEY THEN ASSEMBLE WIRES
IN VARIOUS HARNESSES.

THESE CONNECT TO A POWER CABLE
AND COMMUNICATIONS PORT.

THE TECHNICIAN INSERTS WIRES
INTO A PLASTIC CONNECTOR

TO ALLOW THEM TO EASILY HOOK
INTO A CIRCUIT BOARD LATER.

THIS LITTLE GADGET

IS A MICROWAVE TRANSMITTER
AND RECEIVER.

IT SENDS RADIO-FREQUENCY ENERGY
TO MOVING VEHICLES

AND THEN RECEIVES IT
WHEN IT BOUNCES BACK.

THE RED WIRES
BEING SOLDERED TO ITS POST

WILL DELIVER POWER TO IT.

THE WHITE ONES WILL RETURN
THE RADAR SIGNALS.

THIS SPECIAL PLASTIC LENS
WILL FOCUS THE RADAR BEAM.

SHE ATTACHES
THE TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER UNIT

TO THE FUNNEL-SHAPED ANTENNA
AT THE BACK OF THE LENS.

NEXT, SHE SOLDERS WIRES
TO A CIRCUIT BOARD.

SOME WILL CARRY POWER TO IT.

OTHERS WILL DELIVER

THE RETURNING RADAR SIGNALS
FOR ANALYSIS.

THIS SECOND
SMALLER CIRCUIT BOARD

WILL PROCESS POWER
FROM THE POLICE VEHICLE

TO OPERATE THE RADAR GUN.

AND AN INSULATED METAL PLATE

SHIELDS THE UNIT
FROM INTERFERENCE

FROM THINGS LIKE
THE POLICE RADIO.

THE TECHNICIAN SECURES IT
WITH CABLE TIES,

AND THIS RADAR MODULE
IS NOW COMPLETE.

SHE MOVES ON TO THE DISPLAY
AND CONTROL PANEL

AND SNAPS THE KEYPAD
ONTO A LITTLE CIRCUIT BOARD

JUST BELOW A LIGHT-DIFFUSING
DISPLAY WINDOW.

SHE INSERTS
THE CONTROL-PANEL HARDWARE

INTO A PLASTIC FACEPLATE
AND SECURES IT WITH SCREWS.

AS ANOTHER SAFEGUARD
AGAINST ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE,

THIS PLASTIC FACEPLATE
HAS BEEN INFUSED WITH METAL.

HE WIRES THE CONTROL PANEL
TO THE POWER BOARD

TO RUN A TEST.

HE CHECKS ALL THE DIGITS
AND ICONS

TO CONFIRM
THEY DISPLAY CORRECTLY.

THIS MACHINE
PRESSES MELTED PLASTIC

INTO THE SHAPE OF CASING
FOR THE RADAR GUN.

A STATIC DISCHARGER
WORN ON THE WRIST

DISSIPATES
ANY STATIC ELECTRICITY

FROM THE TECHNICIAN'S BODY.

THIS PREVENTS DAMAGE TO
SENSITIVE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS,

SO IT'S WORN THROUGHOUT
THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS.

SHE LINKS
THE TWO COMPUTER BOARDS,

ENSURING A GOOD CONNECTION,

BECAUSE ONE WILL POWER
THE OTHER.

THEN SHE INSTALLS THE RADAR GUN
IN THE MOLDED CASING.

SHE PLUGS THE DISPLAY ASSEMBLY

INTO CONNECTORS
ON ONE OF THE COMPUTER BOARDS.

THEN SHE SLIDES IT
INTO GROOVES IN THE CASING.

NOW SHE HOOKS UP THIS RADAR GUN

TO A POWER SOURCE
FOR A TRIAL RUN.

SHE TAPS THE LENS
WITH A TUNING FORK.

THE GUN RESPONDS TO IT
AS IT WOULD TO A MOVING VEHICLE.

IF IT FUNCTIONS PROPERLY,
SHE INSTALLS THE TRIGGER SWITCH.

SHE CLOSES THE RADAR GUN,

SECURING THE TWO-PART CASING
WITH SCREWS.

A SERIAL NUMBER AND OTHER
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

GOES ON THE SIDE.

IN A FINAL TEST, SHE CONNECTS
THE RADAR GUN TO A COMPUTER

AND AIMS THE LENS
INTO A CHAMBER.

THE CHAMBER SENDS SIGNALS

TO SIMULATE THE EFFECT
OF A MOVING VEHICLE,

AND THE COMPUTER ANALYZES
THE GUN'S PERFORMANCE.

YOU ONLY HAVE TO LOOK
AT A 35-YEAR-OLD RADAR GUN

TO SEE THAT THIS TECHNOLOGY
HAS COME A LONG WAY.

SO IT'S READY
IF YOU TRY TO PULL A FAST ONE.

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ABOUT THE SHOW,

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