All language subtitles for How.Its.Made.S12E06.Carbon.Fiber.Car.Parts.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.H.264-SLAG_track4_[eng]

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>> Narrator: CARBON-FIBER CAR

PARTS, SUCH AS BUMPERS AND

SPOILERS, ARE NEARLY AS STRONG

AS STEEL ONES, AND YET THEY'RE

1/5 THE WEIGHT.

OF COURSE, A CAR THAT WEIGHS

LESS ACCELERATES MORE QUICKLY

AND BURNS LESS GAS, SO CARBON

FIBER OFFERS STYLE THAT ACTUALLY

DOES GO THAT EXTRA MILE.

CUSTOM SPOILERS, BUMPERS, AND

OTHER PARTS MAKE A VEHICLE MORE

AERODYNAMIC.

WHEN THE PARTS ARE MADE OF

CARBON FIBER, THEY CREATE THIS

EFFECT WITHOUT THE HINDRANCE OF

EXTRA WEIGHT.

IT'S EASY TO GET CARRIED AWAY

WITH ALL THE EXTRAS.

YES, THAT IS A MINIATURE

BASKETBALL COURT IN THE TRUNK OF

THIS CAR.

CARBON-FIBER PARTS ARE MADE OF

FABRIC THAT'S TIGHTLY WOVEN WITH

VERY FINE THREADS OF VIRTUALLY

PURE CARBON.

TO TRANSFORM THE MATERIAL INTO A

RIGID CAR PART, THEY BEGIN WITH

PASTE WAX.

THEY BRUSH IT INTO THE CREVICES

OF A FIBERGLASS MOLD.

THIS MOLD IS FOR A CAR ROCKER

PANEL.

THE WAX SEALS THE MOLD AND ALSO

SERVES AS A NONSTICK COATING.

THEY PROTECT THE LIP OF THE MOLD

WITH MASKING TAPE.

THEN THEY SPRAY A SECOND

NONSTICK SUBSTANCE, POLYVINYL

ALCOHOL, INTO THE FIBERGLASS

FORM.

NOW THEY'RE READY FOR THE

CARBON-FIBER MATERIAL.

THEY UNROLL IT AND SPRAY IT WITH

ADHESIVE.

DESPITE THE NONSTICK COATINGS,

THEY'LL WANT THIS FABRIC TO

STICK TO THE MOLD FOR A WHILE.

THE GLUE WILL GRADUALLY DISSOLVE

INTO THE MATERIAL.

THEY PRESS THE GLUED

CARBON-FIBER MATERIAL ONTO THE

LIP OF MOLD.

AFTER ALL, THEY DON'T WANT ANY

WRINKLES IN THIS JOB.

THIS MATERIAL HAS YET TO GAIN

ITS STEELY STRENGTH, SO THEY

EASILY TRIM THE EXCESS.

THEY LAYER THE FABRIC SEVEN

TIMES, AGAIN FOLLOWING THE LINES

OF THE MOLD.

THEY APPLY A PERMEABLE MATERIAL

CALLED FLOW MEDIA TO THE

CARBON-FIBER LAYERS.

THEY PLACE PLASTIC MESH ON TOP

OF THE FLOW MEDIA AND TUCK IT

INTO THE CURVES OF THE MOLD.

THEY FRAME THE LAYERS WITH

DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE WHICH STICKS

BECAUSE THIS AREA WAS TAPED OFF

EARLIER TO PROTECT IT FROM THE

NONSTICK SPRAY.

THIS STRONG DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE IS

CALLED BUTYL TAPE.

THEY DRAPE A PLASTIC BAG OVER

THE MOLD AND PRESS THE EDGES TO

THE BUTYL TAPE FOR AN AIRTIGHT

SEAL.

THEY PLEAT THE BAG AND CLOSE THE

PLEAT WITH MORE TAPE.

THE PLEATS GIVE THE PLASTIC BAG

SOME SLACK.

THEY PUSH THE FOLDS INTO EVERY

CREVICE OF THE MOLD, THEN TURN

ON A VACUUM.

AS THE VACUUM SUCKS THE AIR OUT,

THE BAG COMPRESSES THE LAYERS

IN THE MOLD.

MEANWHILE, THEY ACTIVATE SOME

PLASTIC RESIN WITH A CHEMICAL

CATALYST.

THEY PLACE A HOSE IN THE RESIN.

THE OTHER END IS ATTACHED TO THE

VACUUM BAG.

AS THE VACUUM CONTINUES TO DRAW

AIR OUT OF THE BAG, IT PULLS THE

RESIN INTO IT.

THE RESIN SATURATES THE SEVEN

LAYERS OF CARBON FIBER TO

LAMINATE THEM INTO THE SHAPE OF

THE CAR PART.

AFTER THE PART CURES, IT'S READY

TO COME OUT OF THE MOLD.

CLEANING IT UP REVEALS THE SOLID

UNION OF EPOXY RESIN AND LAYERS

OF CARBON-FIBER FABRIC.

CARBON FIBER CAN BE MOLDED INTO

ALMOST ANY VEHICLE ACCESSORY.

ITS VERSATILITY IS ONE OF ITS

STRENGTHS.

PAINTED TO MATCH THE VEHICLE,

THE PARTS BLEND WITH THE STEEL,

ADDING SOME AERODYNAMIC FLASH TO

THIS ROAD SHOW.

>> Narrator: PUBLIC WASHROOMS

OFTEN HAVE ELECTRIC HAND DRYERS.

MANY PREFER THEM OVER

PAPER-TOWEL DISPENSERS FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS -- NO

TREES KILLED AND NO WASTE.

HAND DRYERS ALSO REQUIRE LESS

MAINTENANCE BECAUSE THERE'S NO

GARBAGE BIN TO EMPTY AND NO NEED

TO RESTOCK THE MACHINE WITH

CLEAN PAPER TOWELS.

THIS NEW-GENERATION MODEL DRIES

HANDS IN 10 SECONDS AND USES 80%

LESS ENERGY THAN CONVENTIONAL

HAND DRYERS.

A SENSOR TURNS THE UNIT ON AND

OFF AUTOMATICALLY.

A CIRCUIT BOARD WITH A

MICROPROCESSOR RUNS EVERYTHING.

THE ASSEMBLER BUILDS A STRIP OF

EIGHT CONTROL BOARDS AT A TIME.

THEY GO INTO A TRACK THAT FIRST

RUNS THROUGH A CHEMICAL

CLEANING.

THIS PREPS THEM FOR SOLDERING.

THE BOARDS THEN FLOW THROUGH

MOLTEN SOLDER.

AS IT COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES, IT

FUSES THE COMPONENTS IN PLACE.

AN INSPECTOR SCRUTINIZES EVERY

BOARD, THEN, WHEREVER NECESSARY,

DOES SOLDERING TOUCH-UPS BY

HAND.

FINALLY, THEY SEPARATE THE EIGHT

CONTROL BOARDS.

WORKING A BOARD AT A TIME NOW,

THEY PLUG IN AND TEST AN

INFRARED SENSOR.

THE SENSOR SHOOTS A CONTINUOUS

BEAM TO THE AREA BELOW THE AIR

OUTLET.

THE TESTING MACHINE USES A STRIP

OF METAL TO REPRESENT HANDS.

WHEN THE STRIP CUTS THE BEAM, IT

TRIGGERS THE DRYER TO START.

WHEN IT DEPARTS, THE BEAM IS

RESTORED, TRIGGERING THE DRYER

TO STOP.

TO PRODUCE THE AIR FLOW, A MOTOR

SPINS A BLOWER WHEEL AT A RATE

OF 20,000 REVOLUTIONS PER

MINUTE.

AFTER CONNECTING THE BLOWER AND

MOTOR, THEY SLIP THEM INTO THE

UNIT'S PLASTIC INNER HOUSING.

THEY ADD A RUBBER GASKET TO

LESSEN VIBRATION NOISE THEN

CLOSE UP THE HOUSING.

NEXT COMES THIS ELECTRICAL

HEATING ELEMENT.

ITS COILS WILL HEAT THE AIR AS

IT PASSES.

AFTER APPLYING MANDATORY

ELECTRICAL WARNING STICKERS,

THEY INSTALL THE CIRCUIT BOARD

ON A MOUNTING BRACKET, THEN

CONNECT THE BRACKET TO THE

HOUSING.

THEN THEY CONNECT THE WIRES

COMING FROM THE HEATING ELEMENT

AND THE MOTOR TO THE CONTROL

BOARD.

NOW THEY SEND THE UNIT TO THE

TESTING AREA FOR, QUITE

LITERALLY, A DRY RUN.

THEY MAKE SURE IT TURNS ON AND

OFF PROPERLY.

THEY CHECK THE BLOWING FORCE,

THE AIR TEMPERATURE, THE

VOLTAGE.

ELSEWHERE IN THE FACTORY, THEY

WORK ON THE HAND DRYER'S OUTER

HOUSING.

IT'S CAST FROM ZINC.

AFTER IT COMES OUT OF THE MOLD,

THEY POLISH IT WITH A BUFFING

WHEEL TO PREP THE SURFACE FOR

PAINTING OR CHROME PLATING.

IN THE PLATING TANK, THEY RUN A

POSITIVE ELECTRICAL CHARGE TO

CHUNKS OF METAL AND A NEGATIVE

CHARGE TO THE ZINC COVER.

THIS DRAWS METAL PARTICLES

THROUGH THE WATER LIKE A MAGNET

ONTO THE SURFACE OF THE COVER IN

A THOROUGH AND EVEN LAYER.

FOR THIS MODEL, THEY FIRST PLATE

THE COVER IN COPPER...

THEN NICKEL...

THEN CHROME.

THE UNDERLAY METALS ARE REQUIRED

FOR THE CHROME TO ADHERE.

ONCE THE PLATING'S DONE, THEY

CLEAN THE COVER...

APPLY AN ARROW STICKER POINTING

TO THE AIR OUTLET...

THEN GLUE ON A PLATE WITH THE

NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER AND

MODEL.

THE INSIDE UNIT, ATTACHED TO A

WALL PLATE NOW, FITS RIGHT

INSIDE.

THEY FASTEN THE COVER USING

TAMPER-PROOF SCREWS, THEN SHINE

IT UP WITH A FEW SQUIRTS OF

WINDOW CLEANER.

THESE HAND DRYERS COME IN A WIDE

RANGE OF FINISHES, LETTING YOU

DRY YOUR HANDS IN STYLE.

>> Narrator: THE RECYCLING OF

PLASTIC BOTTLES IS CHANGING THE

FABRIC OF SOCIETY BECAUSE THOSE

BOTTLES ARE BEING TURNED INTO

POLYESTER YARN.

THE RECYCLED POLYESTER YARN IS

WOVEN INTO MATERIAL THAT'S USED

TO MAKE SOCKS, FLEECES, AND

OTHER THINGS.

IT PUTS A WHOLE NEW SPIN ON

POLYESTER.

POLYESTER IS MADE FROM OIL, SO

RECYCLING MEANS WE GET MORE

MILEAGE FROM OUR PRECIOUS

RESOURCE.

THEY CONVERT POLYESTER

MANUFACTURING WASTE ON THE LEFT

AND PLASTIC BOTTLES INTO CHIP

FORM.

PULSES OF HOT AIR TOSS THE

CHIPS, GIVING THEM HARD SHELLS.

THEY GO THROUGH A DRYER TO GET

RID OF MOISTURE THAT WOULD

WEAKEN THE FINAL PRODUCT.

THE SHELLS KEEP THEM FROM

STICKING TOGETHER, AIDING THE

DRYING PROCESS.

A WORM SCREW MOVES THE CHIPS

THROUGH HEATED PIPES, WHICH MELT

THEM INTO A THICK LIQUID.

THIS MOLTEN RECYCLED POLYESTER

IS NOW READY TO BE TURNED INTO

YARN.

IT WILL BE PRESSED THROUGH THIS

DIE PLATE THAT LOOKS AS LOT LIKE

A SHOWER HEAD.

IT'S PART OF A DEVICE CALLED THE

SPIN PACK, WHICH ALSO INCLUDES A

MESH FILTER...

A METAL DISTRIBUTION PLATE...

AND BITS OF SHATTERED METAL FOR

EXTRA FILTRATION.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO SCREEN OUT

IMPURITIES THAT MIGHT COMPROMISE

THE RECYCLED PRODUCT.

THEY SCREW THE CAP ONTO THE SPIN

PACK AND INSERT A METAL

CONNECTOR PIECE.

THEY PREHEAT THE PACK SO THE

POLYESTER WON'T HARDEN AS IT

FLOWS THROUGH IT.

THEN THEY TRANSFER IT TO ONE OF

THE OPENINGS FROM WHICH THE

LIQUID POLYESTER FLOWS.

THERE ARE DOZENS OF THESE

OPENINGS, ALL CAPPED BY A SPIN

PACK.

68 TINY HOLES IN EACH DISK SHAPE

THE RECYCLED POLYESTER INTO

FILAMENTS.

THEY COOL AND HARDEN AS THEY

EXIT.

EACH ONE IS FIVE TIMES FINER

THAN A SINGLE HUMAN HAIR.

SOME OF IT BREAKS DURING

EQUIPMENT STOPS AND STARTS, AND

THAT GOES INTO A BIG BOX TO BE

RECYCLED AGAIN.

THE REST CONVERGES AND FUNNELS

INTO A GUIDE, WHICH BUNDLES ALL

THE STRANDS INTO ONE YARN.

THE YARN TRAVELS AROUND ROLLERS

INTO A COMPARTMENT WHERE AIR

BUFFETS THE YARN TO ENTANGLE THE

FILAMENTS.

THIS HOLDS THEM TOGETHER.

A SPOOL THEN RACKS UP THE YARN

AT A SPEED OF 125 MILES PER

HOUR.

NEXT, AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE

PULLS UP, THE SPOOLS MOVE INTO

POSITION, AND A LONG SPINDLE

EMERGES FROM THE AUTOMATED

VEHICLE TO COLLECT THEM FOR MORE

PROCESSING.

THEY GROUP A SAMPLE FROM EVERY

PRODUCTION RUN WITH STRANDS OF

BLACK YARN WHICH ALLOWS THE

LIGHTER YARN TO STAND OUT.

THEY FRAY BOTH ENDS OF THE YARNS

WITH A RAZOR SO THEY'LL BE

EASIER TO EXAMINE UNDER A

MICROSCOPE.

THE TECHNICIAN PROJECTS THE

MAGNIFIED IMAGE ONTO A SCREEN

AND COUNTS THE NUMBER OF

FILAMENTS.

AT THIS POINT, THE YARN IS STIFF

LIKE DENTAL FLOSS, BUT THAT'S

ABOUT TO CHANGE.

THIS MACHINERY PULLS THE

POLYESTER YARN OVER HEATED

RUBBER ROLLERS.

THE PROCESS STRETCHES IT AND

REALIGNS THE MOLECULES.

MORE EQUIPMENT TWISTS IT, AND

THEN IT'S TAKEN UP BY AUTOMATED

SPOOLS.

NOW THIS RECYCLED POLYESTER YARN

IS LESS LIKE DENTAL FLOSS AND

MORE LIKE WOOL.

FROM PLASTIC BOTTLES AND

MANUFACTURING WASTE, TO

POLYESTER YARN, THIS

TRANSFORMATION HAS TAKEN JUST A

COUPLE OF WEEKS.

THIS RECYCLED YARN IS NOW READY

FOR THE MATERIAL WORLD, MAKING

CONSUMERISM A LESS WASTEFUL

THING.

>> Narrator: THE INVENTION OF

POLYESTER FLEECE IN THE 1980s

CHANGED THE WAY WE DRESS FOR THE

COLD.

INSTEAD OF HEAVY AND

CONSTRICTING CLOTHING, WE CAN

NOW LAYER WITH LIGHTWEIGHT

FLEECE.

ITS TEXTURE GIVES US THAT WARM,

FUZZY FEELING, AND SO DOES THE

PHILOSOPHY BEHIND IT BECAUSE

IT'S OFTEN WOVEN WITH RECYCLED

YARN.

FROM TRASH TO TEXTILE, TODAY'S

FLEECE OFFERS WARMTH FROM WASTE

BECAUSE IT'S PARTLY KNIT WITH

YARN MADE FROM SODA BOTTLES AND

OTHER DISCARDED PLASTIC.

THE RECYCLED YARN LOOKS AND

FEELS EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE

VIRGIN KIND.

THEY BOTH UNWIND INTO A HUGE,

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE.

IT KNITS A LOT FASTER THAN

GRANDMA, SO WE'VE SLOWED DOWN

THE VIDEO TO GIVEN YOU A GOOD

LOOK AT THE KNITTING ACTION.

HUNDREDS OF TINY NEEDLES GRAB

AND STITCH THE RECYCLED AND

VIRGIN YARNS TOGETHER TO CREATE

A PERPETUAL TUBE OF MATERIAL.

THIS MACHINE GENERATES THREE

FEET OF POLYESTER EVERY TWO

MINUTES.

BIG METAL BRACKETS FLATTEN THE

KNITTED TUBE SO IT CAN BE TAKEN

UP BY A SPOOL.

INSPECTORS CHECK FOR ANY MAJOR

FLAWS.

IF NECESSARY, THEY'LL HALT

PRODUCTION UNTIL THE PROBLEM CAN

BE FIXED.

THEN IT'S OVER TO THE LAUNDRY

DEPARTMENT, WHERE A CYLINDRICAL

MACHINE WASHES AND DRIES THE

MATERIAL.

IT THEN DYES THE FABRIC UNDER

PRESSURE AND ADDS A

WATER-REPELLENT CHEMICAL TO THE

FABRIC.

AFTER ANOTHER WASH AND DRY,

EQUIPMENT FUNNELS THE POLYESTER

INTO A HOLDING BIN.

THEY FEED THE LONG POLYESTER

TUBING THROUGH A DEVICE THAT

TWISTS IT TO WRING OUT THE REST

OF THE WATER.

AS THE KNITTED TUBE EXITS THE

TWISTER, A CIRCULAR CUTTER SLITS

IT, TURNING IT INTO A SHEET.

THE SHEET OF FABRIC IS THIN AND

NOT FLEECY AT ALL AT THIS POINT.

ONE SIDE IS A SMOOTH KNIT, WHILE

THE OTHER IS ROUGHER.

IT HAS THOUSANDS OF TINY LOOPS.

CYLINDRICAL WIRE BRUSHES WILL

TRANSFORM THIS POLYESTER INTO

FLEECE IN A PROCESS CALLED

NAPPING.

EACH BRUSH SPINS AT A DIFFERENT

SPEED.

IT'S ALL CAREFULLY CALCULATED TO

BREAK THE KNITTED LOOPS WITHOUT

TEARING THE FABRIC.

THE NAPPED SIDE OF THE MATERIAL

IS NOW FUZZY AND FLEECY.

THE SMOOTH SIDE OF THE FABRIC

WINDS AROUND A SECOND SET OF

SPINNING BRUSHES.

THEY PULL FIBERS THROUGH FROM

THE FLEECY SIDE TO EVENLY

DISTRIBUTE THEM ON BOTH SIDES.

THE DOUBLE BRUSHING INCREASES

THE FABRIC'S THICKNESS FIVEFOLD

AND BUILDS AIR POCKETS INTO THE

FLEECY PILE FOR INSULATION, ALL

THIS WITHOUT ADDING WEIGHT.

A SPIRALING BLADE THEN SHEARS

THE FIBERS TO A UNIFORM LENGTH

TO PREVENT PILLING, WHICH LOOKS

BAD AND CAN COMPROMISE THOSE

INSULATING AIR POCKETS.

EACH PRODUCTION RUN UNDERGOES A

BATTERY OF TESTS, LIKE THIS ONE

FOR WATER REPELLENTS.

IF THE WATER DOESN'T SOAK INTO

THE FLEECE, IT'S A PASS.

IN ANOTHER TEST, THEY INSERT

SCRATCHY NYLON STRIPS IN THE

HEAD OF THE TOOL.

AS IT SPINS, IT RUBS THE FABRIC

THE WRONG WAY.

THE TEST SIMULATES WEAR AND TEAR

AND DETERMINES WHETHER THE

FLEECE WILL RESIST PILLING.

THEY TRY TO SET FIRE TO A SWATCH

THAT HAS FLAME-RESISTANT FIBERS

WOVEN INTO IT.

THE FLEECE SMOLDERS AND THEN

EXTINGUISHES THE FLAME.

ONCE THE FLEECE HAS PASSED ALL

THE TESTS, PRODUCTION RESUMES.

GRIPPERS PULL IT ALONG THE EDGES

TO STRETCH IT TO THE DESIRED

WIDTH.

STEAM RISES TO HEAT-SET THE

FABRIC TO ITS NEW MEASUREMENT.

AND NOW THIS BATCH OF FLEECE IS

READY TO SEW.

THEY FOLD IS FOR TRANSPORT TO

THE CLOTHING FACTORY.

IN ITS VARIOUS COLORS AND

TEXTURES, THIS HIGH-TECH FABRIC

WILL HELP PROTECT YOU AGAINST

THE FORCES OF NATURE.

AND WITH ITS RECYCLED CONTENT,

IT ALSO GIVES NATURE A BIT OF A

BREAK.

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