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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,689 --> 00:00:04,689 --Captions by VITAC-- www.vitac.com 2 00:00:04,689 --> 00:00:07,655 CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS 3 00:00:52,758 --> 00:00:54,620 Narrator: THE FIRST COMPUTERS 4 00:00:54,620 --> 00:00:57,206 USED TO BE THE SIZE OF AN ENTIRE ROOM. 5 00:00:57,206 --> 00:01:00,448 THEN THEY WERE BUILT TO FIT ON YOUR DESK. 6 00:01:00,448 --> 00:01:04,655 THE NEWEST DESIGN IS A PORTABLE DEVICE THAT SITS ON YOUR LAP, 7 00:01:04,655 --> 00:01:06,655 AND TODAY'S LAPTOPS ARE MADE 8 00:01:06,655 --> 00:01:09,724 EVEN SMALLER AND MORE POWERFUL THAN EVER. 9 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:15,275 WITH ITS LIGHTNING-FAST PROCESSOR 10 00:01:15,275 --> 00:01:17,103 AND IMPRESSIVE GRAPHICS, 11 00:01:17,103 --> 00:01:20,758 THIS LAPTOP IS DESIGNED FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE GAMING. 12 00:01:20,758 --> 00:01:23,482 THE COMPUTER'S BRAIN, CALLED THE MOTHERBOARD, 13 00:01:23,482 --> 00:01:25,965 BEGINS AS A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. 14 00:01:25,965 --> 00:01:28,689 ITS PATTERN OF LINES AND PADS AND COPPER 15 00:01:28,689 --> 00:01:31,034 IS THE WIRING FOR THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 16 00:01:31,034 --> 00:01:33,310 THAT WILL BE SOLDERED TO THE BOARD. 17 00:01:33,310 --> 00:01:36,827 THIS MACHINE PLACES A STENCIL OF THE COMPONENT LAYOUT 18 00:01:36,827 --> 00:01:38,034 ONTO THE BOARD 19 00:01:38,034 --> 00:01:41,275 AND APPLIES SOLDER PASTE THROUGH THE OPENINGS. 20 00:01:41,275 --> 00:01:44,965 A QUALITY-INSPECTION CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHS THE SOLDER PASTE 21 00:01:44,965 --> 00:01:47,344 AND SENDS THE IMAGES TO A COMPUTER. 22 00:01:47,344 --> 00:01:50,931 THE COMPUTER ANALYZES THEM, LOOKING FOR ANY MISSING PASTE, 23 00:01:50,931 --> 00:01:53,310 MISALIGNMENT, OR OTHER MISTAKES. 24 00:01:53,310 --> 00:01:55,241 IF THE BOARD PASSES INSPECTION, 25 00:01:55,241 --> 00:01:58,517 IT PASSES THROUGH 15 ROBOTIC MACHINES, 26 00:01:58,517 --> 00:02:01,517 EACH OF WHICH PLACES UP TO 150 COMPONENTS 27 00:02:01,517 --> 00:02:06,034 ON THE CORRECT LOCATIONS ON THE BOARD IN JUST 30 SECONDS. 28 00:02:06,034 --> 00:02:07,655 THEN THE BOARD RUNS THROUGH AN OVEN 29 00:02:07,655 --> 00:02:09,413 THAT MELTS THE SOLDER PASTE, 30 00:02:09,413 --> 00:02:13,241 CONNECTING THE COMPONENTS TO THE BOARD. 31 00:02:13,241 --> 00:02:15,172 ANOTHER CAMERA INSPECTION ENSURES 32 00:02:15,172 --> 00:02:18,827 THAT THE INTERNAL PROCESSOR IS CORRECTLY SOLDERED, 33 00:02:18,827 --> 00:02:22,758 AND THAT NO COMPONENT IS MISSING OR SHIFTED OUT OF POSITION. 34 00:02:22,758 --> 00:02:25,724 AFTER FUNCTION TESTING AND A VISUAL INSPECTION, 35 00:02:25,724 --> 00:02:28,172 THE MOTHERBOARD MOVES TO THE ASSEMBLY LINE 36 00:02:28,172 --> 00:02:30,896 AND IS SET ASIDE FOR THE TIME BEING. 37 00:02:30,896 --> 00:02:34,103 NEXT, TECHNICIANS MANUALLY ASSEMBLE THE TOP HALF 38 00:02:34,103 --> 00:02:36,586 OF THE LAPTOP CALLED THE PANEL KIT. 39 00:02:36,586 --> 00:02:40,827 THEY PLACE PROTECTION FILM ON THE 15-INCH LCD SCREEN. 40 00:02:40,827 --> 00:02:42,206 THEN THEY PLUG IN THE CABLE 41 00:02:42,206 --> 00:02:46,068 THAT WILL CONNECT THE LCD TO THE MOTHERBOARD. 42 00:02:46,068 --> 00:02:50,206 THEY INSERT THE LCD SCREEN INTO A FRAME WITH A WEB CAMERA 43 00:02:50,206 --> 00:02:54,137 AND MICROPHONE ALREADY EMBEDDED. 44 00:02:54,137 --> 00:02:58,344 THEN THEY ATTACH THIS ANTENNA BOTTOM COVER TO THE SCREEN COVER 45 00:02:58,344 --> 00:03:01,655 AND POSITION THE MOTHERBOARD CABLE INSIDE IT. 46 00:03:01,655 --> 00:03:05,482 NEXT, THEY INSTALL THE MODULE FOR THE WEBCAM AND MICROPHONE. 47 00:03:09,344 --> 00:03:11,068 THEY ATTACH TWO HINGES, 48 00:03:11,068 --> 00:03:16,241 WHICH CONNECT THIS PANEL KIT TO THE REST OF THE LAPTOP. 49 00:03:16,241 --> 00:03:18,241 THEN THEY INSTALL THE WI-FI ANTENNA 50 00:03:18,241 --> 00:03:20,137 IN THE ANTENNA BOTTOM COVER. 51 00:03:25,241 --> 00:03:28,655 ALL COMPONENTS ARE CONCEALED IN THE ANTENNA BOTTOM COVER 52 00:03:28,655 --> 00:03:30,689 BEHIND THIS ANTENNA TOP COVER. 53 00:03:32,758 --> 00:03:34,448 THEY COMPLETE THE PANEL KIT 54 00:03:34,448 --> 00:03:37,620 BY PRESSING IN A THIN METAL FRAME AROUND THE SCREEN. 55 00:03:44,137 --> 00:03:48,344 NEXT, THEY ASSEMBLE THE BOTTOM HALF OF THE LAPTOP. 56 00:03:48,344 --> 00:03:50,827 FIRST, TECHNICIANS ATTACH THE TOP COVER 57 00:03:50,827 --> 00:03:54,172 TO THE PANEL-KIT HINGES AND THE TOUCHPAD. 58 00:03:58,862 --> 00:04:02,724 THEN THEY INSTALL THE RIGHT AND LEFT SPEAKERS IN THE TOP COVER. 59 00:04:06,172 --> 00:04:09,206 NOW THE MOTHERBOARD COMES BACK INTO PLAY. 60 00:04:09,206 --> 00:04:12,137 AFTER INSPECTION, A COMPUTER-GUIDED ROUTER 61 00:04:12,137 --> 00:04:15,517 CUTS OUT OPENINGS TO ACCOMMODATE THE COMPUTER'S FANS, 62 00:04:15,517 --> 00:04:18,448 WHICH PREVENT THE ELECTRONICS FROM OVERHEATING. 63 00:04:18,448 --> 00:04:22,758 A GAMING LAPTOP GENERATES A LOT MORE HEAT THAN A REGULAR LAPTOP 64 00:04:22,758 --> 00:04:27,034 AND THEREFORE REQUIRES TWO POWERFUL FANS RATHER THAN ONE. 65 00:04:27,034 --> 00:04:28,862 AFTER CHECKING THAT THE FAN SCREWS 66 00:04:28,862 --> 00:04:30,724 ARE SUFFICIENTLY TIGHTENED, 67 00:04:30,724 --> 00:04:35,000 THEY PLACE THE MOTHERBOARD INTO THE TOP COVER. 68 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:39,172 CONTAMINANTS SUCH AS DUST OR OIL CAN IMPEDE PROPER CONTACT, 69 00:04:39,172 --> 00:04:42,000 SO AS A PRECAUTION, THEY CLEAN THE CONNECTORS 70 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:44,379 FOR THE MEMORY MODULES WITH SOLVENT, 71 00:04:44,379 --> 00:04:48,448 THEN DRY THEM WITH COMPRESSED AIR. 72 00:04:48,448 --> 00:04:50,931 THEN THEY INSTALL THE MEMORY MODULE, 73 00:04:50,931 --> 00:04:53,448 THE WI-FI AND BLUETOOTH MODULE, 74 00:04:53,448 --> 00:04:57,931 AND THE SOLID-STATE DISC, WHICH STORES DATA. 75 00:04:57,931 --> 00:05:01,172 THEY CONNECT A HIGH-CAPACITY BATTERY TO THE MOTHERBOARD. 76 00:05:01,172 --> 00:05:04,482 BATTERIES FOR GAMING LAPTOPS ARE TYPICALLY LARGER 77 00:05:04,482 --> 00:05:09,310 BECAUSE THE FASTER PROCESSOR AND DUAL FANS CONSUME MORE POWER. 78 00:05:09,310 --> 00:05:11,551 THE LAST COMPONENT IS THE KEYBOARD, 79 00:05:11,551 --> 00:05:13,724 WHICH FITS INTO A RECTANGULAR OPENING 80 00:05:13,724 --> 00:05:16,103 IN THE TOP COVER OF THE BOTTOM HALF. 81 00:05:16,103 --> 00:05:17,413 A LASER-ETCHING MACHINE 82 00:05:17,413 --> 00:05:21,172 MARKS THE REQUIRED INFORMATION UNDERNEATH. 83 00:05:21,172 --> 00:05:24,344 AN AUTOMATED MACHINE TESTS NUMEROUS FUNCTIONS, 84 00:05:24,344 --> 00:05:27,275 AND A QUALITY-CONTROL TEAM TESTS SEVERAL OTHERS, 85 00:05:27,275 --> 00:05:29,931 INCLUDING THE VIRTUAL-REALITY FEATURE... 86 00:05:32,344 --> 00:05:36,482 ...THE LCD AND KEYBOARD COLOR DISPLAYS... 87 00:05:36,482 --> 00:05:37,931 AND THE KEYS. 88 00:05:40,137 --> 00:05:42,724 NOT ONLY MUST THE KEYS FUNCTION PROPERLY, 89 00:05:42,724 --> 00:05:44,241 THEY NEED TO BE DURABLE, 90 00:05:44,241 --> 00:05:48,068 SO ENTHUSIASTIC GAMERS WON'T BREAK THEM WHILE PLAYING. 91 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,758 Narrator: PANETTONE IS A TRADITIONAL ITALIAN SWEETBREAD 92 00:06:02,758 --> 00:06:05,655 MOST COMMONLY PREPARED FOR DESSERT ON CHRISTMAS 93 00:06:05,655 --> 00:06:07,137 AND NEW YEARS. 94 00:06:07,137 --> 00:06:08,724 BAKING AUTHENTIC PANETTONE 95 00:06:08,724 --> 00:06:11,413 CAN TAKE UP TO TWO DAYS OR MORE TO MAKE. 96 00:06:11,413 --> 00:06:14,517 A CERTAIN EXPERTISE IS NEEDED TO TURN THESE INGREDIENTS 97 00:06:14,517 --> 00:06:18,586 INTO ITS DOMED-LIKE SHAPE WHILE MAINTAINING ITS FLUFFY CENTER. 98 00:06:18,586 --> 00:06:22,586 THE BAKER POURS HIGH-PROTEIN FLOUR TO A MIXING BOWL. 99 00:06:22,586 --> 00:06:23,931 THEN HE ADDS THE FLOUR 100 00:06:23,931 --> 00:06:26,172 INTO AN INDUSTRIAL-SIZED DOUGH MIXER 101 00:06:26,172 --> 00:06:29,620 THAT HAS HOOKED MIXING ARMS. 102 00:06:29,620 --> 00:06:32,310 HE ADDS FRESH YEAST, MILK POWDER, 103 00:06:32,310 --> 00:06:35,689 AND ENOUGH WATER TO BIND THE INGREDIENTS TOGETHER. 104 00:06:35,689 --> 00:06:38,965 HE PLACES THE SAFETY CAGE OVER THE DOUGH MIXER. 105 00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:43,724 AS THE HOOK AGITATORS BLEND THE INGREDIENTS, GLUTEN FORMS. 106 00:06:43,724 --> 00:06:46,793 GLUTENS WILL GIVE THE PANETTONE STRUCTURE. 107 00:06:46,793 --> 00:06:49,379 SUGAR WILL FEED THE GROWTH OF THE YEAST. 108 00:06:49,379 --> 00:06:53,827 THE AGITATORS EVENLY DISTRIBUTE IT IN THE DOUGH. 109 00:06:53,827 --> 00:06:56,310 MEANWHILE THE BAKER CRACKS EGGS 110 00:06:56,310 --> 00:07:00,344 AND SEPARATES THE YOLKS FROM THE WHITES. 111 00:07:00,344 --> 00:07:03,827 HE WEIGHS THE YOLKS AND ADDS THEM TO THE MIX. 112 00:07:03,827 --> 00:07:07,758 THIS PANETTONE RECIPE CALLS FOR EGG YOLKS ONLY. 113 00:07:07,758 --> 00:07:11,000 YOLKS PROVIDE FAT TO HELP EMULSIFY THE DOUGH 114 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:14,517 AND GIVE IT FLAVOR. 115 00:07:14,517 --> 00:07:17,620 TO FURTHER ENRICH THE FLAVOR OF THE PANETTONE, 116 00:07:17,620 --> 00:07:20,000 HE ADDS A GENEROUS AMOUNT OF BUTTER. 117 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,241 THE MIXER FOLDS IT INTO THE DOUGH. 118 00:07:25,034 --> 00:07:27,344 HE TRANSFERS THE DOUGH TO A CONTAINER 119 00:07:27,344 --> 00:07:30,137 AND LEAVES IT TO RISE FOR 11 HOURS. 120 00:07:30,137 --> 00:07:33,034 THIS PROCESS IS CALLED PROOFING THE DOUGH. 121 00:07:33,034 --> 00:07:35,620 THE DOUGH UNDERGOES MULTIPLE PROOFINGS. 122 00:07:35,620 --> 00:07:39,241 IN BETWEEN EACH PROOFING PERIOD, THE BAKER DEFLATES THE DOUGH 123 00:07:39,241 --> 00:07:41,137 AND RETURNS IT TO THE MIXER. 124 00:07:41,137 --> 00:07:44,620 DURING THIS PROCESS, THE YEAST CONSUMES SUGAR, 125 00:07:44,620 --> 00:07:48,103 SO HE ADDS MORE TO FEED THE PROCESS. 126 00:07:48,103 --> 00:07:51,241 NEXT, HE ADDS MORE OF THE OTHER INGREDIENTS, 127 00:07:51,241 --> 00:07:54,724 AND THE MIXER KNEADS THEM INTO THE DOUGH FOR ONE HOUR. 128 00:07:54,724 --> 00:07:58,724 THE MIXER WORKS THE DOUGH, CREATING BANDS OF ELASTICITY, 129 00:07:58,724 --> 00:08:03,413 SO THAT THE DOUGH WILL STRETCH DURING RISING. 130 00:08:03,413 --> 00:08:05,241 IN THE FINAL MIXING STAGE, 131 00:08:05,241 --> 00:08:10,241 THE BAKER ADDS VANILLA EXTRACT FOR ANOTHER FLAVOR DIMENSION. 132 00:08:10,241 --> 00:08:12,482 WHILE THE DOUGH MIXER DISTRIBUTES IT, 133 00:08:12,482 --> 00:08:15,068 HE MEASURES FRUIT BY WEIGHT. 134 00:08:15,068 --> 00:08:19,068 THE PANETTONE RECIPE CALLS FOR TWO PARTS RAISINS, 135 00:08:19,068 --> 00:08:21,241 ONE PART CANDIED ORANGE PIECES, 136 00:08:21,241 --> 00:08:23,655 AND ONE PART CANDIED LEMON PIECES. 137 00:08:26,965 --> 00:08:30,034 THE MIXER FOLDS THEM INTO THE DOUGH. 138 00:08:30,034 --> 00:08:31,655 AFTER ANOTHER PROOFING, 139 00:08:31,655 --> 00:08:35,137 THE BAKER SLICES THE FRUITED DOUGH INTO CHUNKS. 140 00:08:35,137 --> 00:08:39,517 SOME OF THE WATER IN THE DOUGH WILL EVAPORATE DURING BAKING 141 00:08:39,517 --> 00:08:43,896 AND THE PANETTONE SHOULD END UP ABOUT TWO POUNDS. 142 00:08:43,896 --> 00:08:49,068 HE SHAPES EACH CHUNK INTO A UNIFORM MOLD 143 00:08:49,068 --> 00:08:50,413 AND LEAVES THE DOUGH CHUNKS 144 00:08:50,413 --> 00:08:53,172 TO RISE FOR AN HOUR IN A WARM CHAMBER. 145 00:08:56,137 --> 00:09:01,413 INSTEAD OF METAL PANS, PANETTONE IS BAKED IN THESE PAPER MOLDS. 146 00:09:01,413 --> 00:09:05,344 THE MOLDS WILL ALSO BE USED AS RETAIL PACKAGING. 147 00:09:05,344 --> 00:09:08,000 AFTER ABOUT AN HOUR IN THE WARMING CHAMBER, 148 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:10,724 THE DOUGH CHUNKS HAVE DOUBLED IN SIZE. 149 00:09:10,724 --> 00:09:13,379 THE BAKER WORKS THEM INTO A ROUNDER FORM 150 00:09:13,379 --> 00:09:16,896 AND TRANSFERS THEM TO PAPER MOLDS. 151 00:09:16,896 --> 00:09:20,620 THEN IT'S BACK INTO THE WARMING CHAMBER FOR ANOTHER PROOFING. 152 00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:22,172 AS THE DOUGH RISES, 153 00:09:22,172 --> 00:09:26,517 THE ROUND SHAPE IS CONTAINED BY THE PAPER MOLDS. 154 00:09:26,517 --> 00:09:29,793 AFTER SIX HOURS, HE TAKES OUT THE MOLDS AND CARVES 155 00:09:29,793 --> 00:09:32,482 CROSSES INTO THE RISEN DOUGH. 156 00:09:32,482 --> 00:09:37,103 HE ADDS SMALL PIECES OF BUTTER TO THE MIDDLE OF EACH CROSS. 157 00:09:37,103 --> 00:09:39,724 AFTER 24 HOURS OF PREPARATION, 158 00:09:39,724 --> 00:09:42,551 THE PANETTONES ARE READY TO BE COOKED. 159 00:09:42,551 --> 00:09:47,758 THEY BAKE FOR 45 MINUTES AT 320 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 160 00:09:47,758 --> 00:09:51,344 ONCE COMPLETE, HE QUICKLY SPEARS EACH PANETTONE 161 00:09:51,344 --> 00:09:55,551 WITH A METAL ROD NEAR THE BASE AND HANGS IT UPSIDE DOWN. 162 00:09:55,551 --> 00:09:58,275 THE PANETTONES COOL FOR UP TO 24 HOURS 163 00:09:58,275 --> 00:10:01,448 IN THIS UPSIDE-DOWN SUSPENDED STATE. 164 00:10:01,448 --> 00:10:05,172 THIS STRETCHES THE WARM BREADS TO GIVE THEM THEIR DOME SHAPE 165 00:10:05,172 --> 00:10:08,620 AND STOPS THEM FROM CAVING INWARD. 166 00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:12,655 ONCE COOLED, THE PANETTONES ARE READY TO BE WRAPPED FOR RETAIL. 167 00:10:17,068 --> 00:10:20,655 ALL THAT PROOFING HAS ALLOWED THE FLAVORS TO MATURE 168 00:10:20,655 --> 00:10:24,724 AND THE FLUFFY TEXTURE TO DEVELOP. 169 00:10:24,724 --> 00:10:27,068 THE YEAST WILL ACT AS THE PRESERVATIVE, 170 00:10:27,068 --> 00:10:31,827 KEEPING THIS ITALIAN CHRISTMAS BREAD FRESH FOR UP TO 30 DAYS. 171 00:10:48,068 --> 00:10:51,655 Narrator: THE SAXOPHONE WAS INVENTED IN THE MID-1800s 172 00:10:51,655 --> 00:10:52,862 BY ADOLPHE SAX, 173 00:10:52,862 --> 00:10:55,586 THE SON OF BELGIUM'S CHIEF INSTRUMENT MAKER. 174 00:10:55,586 --> 00:10:59,586 WITH THE SAXOPHONE, SAX BLENDED THE POWER OF A BRASS HORN 175 00:10:59,586 --> 00:11:02,172 WITH THE NUANCES OF A WOODWIND INSTRUMENT. 176 00:11:02,172 --> 00:11:04,448 THIS INSTRUMENT HAS THE ABILITY TO SOUND 177 00:11:04,448 --> 00:11:07,448 BRIGHT AND EDGY OR DARK AND MOODY. 178 00:11:09,517 --> 00:11:13,068 EVEN THOUGH IT'S MADE OF BRASS OR HIGH-COPPER ALLOYS, 179 00:11:13,068 --> 00:11:16,551 THE SAXOPHONE IS TECHNICALLY A WOODWIND INSTRUMENT. 180 00:11:16,551 --> 00:11:18,413 THAT'S BECAUSE IT PRODUCES SOUND 181 00:11:18,413 --> 00:11:22,275 BY VIBRATING A REED ATTACHED TO THE MOUTHPIECE. 182 00:11:22,275 --> 00:11:24,655 THE PROCESS OF MAKING A SAXOPHONE 183 00:11:24,655 --> 00:11:28,206 STARTS WITH A LONG BRASS OR COPPER SHEATH. 184 00:11:28,206 --> 00:11:31,896 A HYDRAULIC PUNCH CUTS THE METAL INTO RECTANGLES. 185 00:11:31,896 --> 00:11:35,413 AFTER TRACING A FLARED PATTERN ONTO ONE PIECE OF METAL, 186 00:11:35,413 --> 00:11:37,896 A CRAFTSMAN ALIGNS THE PATTERN WITH THE PUNCH 187 00:11:37,896 --> 00:11:39,827 TO CUT OUT THE PART. 188 00:11:39,827 --> 00:11:44,068 THIS PART WILL NOW BE FORMED INTO THE SAXOPHONE'S BELL. 189 00:11:44,068 --> 00:11:46,517 THE WORKER FOLDS IT AROUND THE METAL ROD 190 00:11:46,517 --> 00:11:48,620 AND POUNDS IT WITH A WOODEN STICK 191 00:11:48,620 --> 00:11:50,310 TO DO SOME INITIAL SHAPING. 192 00:11:54,448 --> 00:11:59,517 THIS TAKES THE PART FROM FLAT TO THREE DIMENSIONAL. 193 00:11:59,517 --> 00:12:01,586 AFTER THE SEAM HAS BEEN WELDED, 194 00:12:01,586 --> 00:12:04,551 MORE HAMMERING ROUNDS THE SHAPE SUBSTANTIALLY 195 00:12:04,551 --> 00:12:07,689 AND IMPROVES ON THE FLARE AT THE END. 196 00:12:07,689 --> 00:12:10,862 NEXT, THE CRAFTSMAN REPEATEDLY POUNDS THE FLARE 197 00:12:10,862 --> 00:12:13,103 TO FORM IT INTO A BELL. 198 00:12:13,103 --> 00:12:15,172 HAND-HAMMERING SHAPES THE METAL 199 00:12:15,172 --> 00:12:17,517 AND ALSO ALTERS THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 200 00:12:17,517 --> 00:12:20,655 TO MAKE THE SOUND MORE RESONANT. 201 00:12:20,655 --> 00:12:22,724 THROUGHOUT THE FORMING OF THE INSTRUMENT, 202 00:12:22,724 --> 00:12:24,931 IT IS HEATED WITH A TORCH. 203 00:12:24,931 --> 00:12:28,000 THIS MAKES THE METAL FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO BE SHAPED. 204 00:12:31,241 --> 00:12:34,275 NEXT, HE SLIDES THE BELL ONTO A FORM. 205 00:12:37,379 --> 00:12:42,586 HE BRUSHES LUBRICANT ONTO THE METAL... 206 00:12:42,586 --> 00:12:45,413 AND LOWERS A ROLLER. 207 00:12:45,413 --> 00:12:49,758 THE FORM SPINS THE CURVED BELL AGAINST THE ROLLER, 208 00:12:49,758 --> 00:12:52,344 WHICH SMOOTHES OUT DENTS AND FORCES THE BELL 209 00:12:52,344 --> 00:12:54,965 TO CONFORM TO THE DIMENSIONS OF THE ROLLER. 210 00:12:59,655 --> 00:13:02,862 THE ROLLED SAXOPHONE BELL IS THE ONE ON THE RIGHT. 211 00:13:02,862 --> 00:13:04,689 IT'S DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT. 212 00:13:07,241 --> 00:13:11,482 NOW WE CAN SEE THE SAXOPHONE'S BODY TAKE SHAPE. 213 00:13:11,482 --> 00:13:15,275 IT STARTS WITH THIS PIECE OF METAL THAT'S WIDER AT ONE END. 214 00:13:15,275 --> 00:13:19,000 THE OPERATOR PLACES IT UNDER A CONE-SHAPED FORM. 215 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,275 USING HYDRAULICS, IT DESCENDS TO FOLD THE PART 216 00:13:22,275 --> 00:13:25,275 AND IMPRINT THE CONE SHAPE ON THE METAL. 217 00:13:25,275 --> 00:13:26,793 AFTER MORE FORMING, 218 00:13:26,793 --> 00:13:30,655 ANOTHER WORKER WELDS THE SEAMS TO COMPLETE THE CONE. 219 00:13:30,655 --> 00:13:33,758 THIS PART OF THE INSTRUMENT IS ALSO CALLED THE TUBE. 220 00:13:36,689 --> 00:13:39,241 MEANWHILE, THE FORMING WORK ON THE SAXOPHONE BELL 221 00:13:39,241 --> 00:13:41,620 HAS BEEN COMPLETED. 222 00:13:41,620 --> 00:13:45,000 A WORKER LOCKS THE UPPER PART OF THE BELL INTO A MACHINE 223 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:49,655 AND TURNS THE PUNCH DEVICE TO CUT THE TONE HOLES. 224 00:13:49,655 --> 00:13:53,103 SOUND WAVES WILL BE EMITTED THROUGH BOTH THE OPEN TONE HOLES 225 00:13:53,103 --> 00:13:55,241 AND THE BELL'S FLARE. 226 00:13:55,241 --> 00:13:57,655 LATER, ANOTHER WORKER AIMS A TORCH 227 00:13:57,655 --> 00:14:00,448 AT THE SAXOPHONE BODY TO SOFTEN THE METAL, 228 00:14:00,448 --> 00:14:05,379 SO THAT THE RIMS OF THE TONE HOLES CAN NOW BE FORMED. 229 00:14:05,379 --> 00:14:09,931 HE SLIDES THE BODY ONTO A STEEL MANDREL WITH ROUND INSERTS. 230 00:14:09,931 --> 00:14:13,586 HE ALIGNS THE TONE HOLES WITH HOLES ON THE MANDREL. 231 00:14:13,586 --> 00:14:17,620 HE SETS A GUIDE RACK ON TOP, ALIGNING THE HOLES IN THE RACK 232 00:14:17,620 --> 00:14:19,689 WITH THE HOLES IN THE INSTRUMENT. 233 00:14:19,689 --> 00:14:22,000 HE INSERTS TOOLS THROUGH THE HOLES 234 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,103 AND THREADS THEM INTO THE ROUND INSERTS IN THE MANDREL. 235 00:14:27,448 --> 00:14:30,344 A SUPPORT BRACKET PROPS UP THE TOOLS. 236 00:14:30,344 --> 00:14:34,379 USING THE TOOLS, HE PULLS THE INSERTS THROUGH THE HOLES. 237 00:14:34,379 --> 00:14:38,413 THIS FORMS A RIM AROUND EACH HOLE. 238 00:14:38,413 --> 00:14:40,862 THE RAISED EDGING WILL ALLOW KEY CUPS 239 00:14:40,862 --> 00:14:43,344 TO CLOSE THE TONE HOLES EFFECTIVELY. 240 00:14:46,413 --> 00:14:50,379 THE CRAFTSMAN DRILLS THE RIMS TO SMOOTH AND LEVEL THEM. 241 00:14:50,379 --> 00:14:52,896 THIS WILL PREVENT GAPS THAT COULD AFFECT THE SOUND 242 00:14:52,896 --> 00:14:55,965 OF THE INSTRUMENT WHEN THE KEY CUPS CLOSE. 243 00:14:59,689 --> 00:15:01,413 THE NEXT PART IS THE BOW, 244 00:15:01,413 --> 00:15:05,965 WHICH WILL LINK THE SAXOPHONE BELL AND BODY. 245 00:15:05,965 --> 00:15:07,965 THE CRAFTSMAN BRUSHES A CLEANING AGENT 246 00:15:07,965 --> 00:15:10,379 KNOWN AS FLUX ONTO ONE END. 247 00:15:10,379 --> 00:15:12,068 HE CONNECTS THE TWO PARTS 248 00:15:12,068 --> 00:15:15,517 AND APPLIES MORE FLUX TO THE BELL WHERE IT MEETS THE BOW. 249 00:15:18,344 --> 00:15:21,689 HE THEN MELTS SOLDER WHERE THE TWO PARTS COME TOGETHER, 250 00:15:21,689 --> 00:15:24,793 COMPLETING THIS CRITICAL CONNECTION. 251 00:15:24,793 --> 00:15:27,413 THE SOLDER MAKES THE JOINT AIRTIGHT. 252 00:15:30,379 --> 00:15:34,482 HE TURNS OVER THE BELL AND BOW ASSEMBLY TO COMPLETE THE JOB, 253 00:15:34,482 --> 00:15:38,137 ENSURING THAT THE SOLDER ENCOMPASSES THE ENTIRE JOINT. 254 00:15:40,758 --> 00:15:45,172 HE DABS WATER ONTO THE SOLDERED JOINT TO COOL IT DOWN. 255 00:15:45,172 --> 00:15:48,482 BUT BEFORE THIS SAXOPHONE IS READY TO MAKE MUSIC, 256 00:15:48,482 --> 00:15:51,862 A FEW MORE STEPS MUST BE TAKEN FOR GOOD MEASURE. 257 00:16:03,448 --> 00:16:05,965 Narrator: THE SAXOPHONE HAS TONAL QUALITIES 258 00:16:05,965 --> 00:16:08,103 SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE HUMAN VOICE. 259 00:16:08,103 --> 00:16:11,344 ITS SOUND CAN RANGE FROM SULTRY, DARK TONES 260 00:16:11,344 --> 00:16:13,482 TO HIGH-PITCHED EXUBERANCE. 261 00:16:13,482 --> 00:16:16,034 IT'S NO WONDER THE SAXOPHONE HAS FOUND A PLACE 262 00:16:16,034 --> 00:16:20,965 IN MANY MUSIC STYLES FROM JAZZ TO POP TO THE CLASSICS. 263 00:16:23,206 --> 00:16:26,965 THE STANDARD SAXOPHONE HAS 23 DIFFERENT TONE HOLES 264 00:16:26,965 --> 00:16:30,103 AND AN EQUAL NUMBER OF KEY CUPS TO CLOSE THEM. 265 00:16:30,103 --> 00:16:35,206 AT THIS FACTORY, EACH KEY CUP IS ASSEMBLED BY HAND. 266 00:16:35,206 --> 00:16:38,758 A CRAFTSMAN ARRANGES THE PARTS OF A KEY CUP IN A FIXTURE 267 00:16:38,758 --> 00:16:41,310 TO POSITION THEM FOR SOLDERING. 268 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:43,862 HE INSERTS A ROD THAT WILL ACT AS AN ALIGNMENT 269 00:16:43,862 --> 00:16:47,206 AND POSITIONING TOOL. 270 00:16:47,206 --> 00:16:49,724 HE APPLIES FLUX TO CLEAN THE PART 271 00:16:49,724 --> 00:16:52,931 AND MELTS SILVER SOLDER INTO THE CONNECTING POINTS. 272 00:16:55,517 --> 00:16:57,655 TO PREVENT THE PARTS FROM SLIDING, 273 00:16:57,655 --> 00:17:01,965 THE CRAFTSMAN USES PINCERS TO ADJUST THEIR POSITION. 274 00:17:03,517 --> 00:17:09,034 OTHER KEYS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER ON A BRASS PLATE KNOWN AS A RIB. 275 00:17:09,034 --> 00:17:12,172 HE SPACES THE KEY POSTS EVENLY ON A ROD 276 00:17:12,172 --> 00:17:15,241 THAT SERVES AS AN ALIGNMENT TOOL. 277 00:17:15,241 --> 00:17:19,344 SEVERAL OVERHEAD CLAMPS HOLD THE POSTS IN PLACE ON THE RIB. 278 00:17:21,931 --> 00:17:25,241 HE APPLIES THE CHEMICAL CLEANER TO THE BASE OF THE POST 279 00:17:25,241 --> 00:17:27,758 AND THE PLATE AROUND THEM. 280 00:17:27,758 --> 00:17:30,586 SILVER SOLDER IS MELTED AROUND THE POST, 281 00:17:30,586 --> 00:17:34,103 AND AS IT SOLIDIFIES, IT FUSES THEM TO THE PLATE. 282 00:17:37,344 --> 00:17:41,000 NEXT, THE CRAFTSMAN REMOVES THE OVERHEAD CLAMP SYSTEM. 283 00:17:44,103 --> 00:17:47,758 AFTER SLIDING KEYS ONTO THE ENDS OF THE ALIGNMENT ROD, 284 00:17:47,758 --> 00:17:51,275 HE POSITIONS THE ASSEMBLY ON THE SAXOPHONE BODY. 285 00:17:51,275 --> 00:17:54,655 HE CLOSES THE KEYS ONTO THE CORRESPONDING TONE HOLES 286 00:17:54,655 --> 00:17:56,103 AND SOLDERS THE BASE PLATE 287 00:17:56,103 --> 00:17:58,620 TO THE LOWER PART OF THE SAXOPHONE BODY. 288 00:18:02,241 --> 00:18:04,379 HE BRUSHES WATER ONTO THE SOLDER 289 00:18:04,379 --> 00:18:07,965 TO ACCELERATE THE COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION. 290 00:18:07,965 --> 00:18:09,896 HE THEN REMOVES THE ALIGNMENT ROD 291 00:18:09,896 --> 00:18:12,344 AND UNCAPS THE TONE HOLES FOR NOW. 292 00:18:15,206 --> 00:18:18,310 A CLEANING AGENT IS BRUSHED ONTO THE BACK OF A RIB 293 00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:22,344 THAT SUPPORTS A SECOND GROUPING OF KEY POSTS. 294 00:18:22,344 --> 00:18:25,931 HE SOLDERS THE RIB TO THE UPPER PART OF THE SAXOPHONE BODY 295 00:18:25,931 --> 00:18:28,068 AND TAKES THE ALIGNMENT ROD OFF. 296 00:18:30,551 --> 00:18:33,655 THE POSTS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE 297 00:18:33,655 --> 00:18:37,413 TO SUPPORT EXTENDING KEYS ON A HINGE ROD. 298 00:18:37,413 --> 00:18:40,931 LATER, ANOTHER WORKER POLISHES THE BOW AND BELL ASSEMBLY 299 00:18:40,931 --> 00:18:44,620 AGAINST A BUFFING WHEEL, WHICH POLISHES THE INSTRUMENT 300 00:18:44,620 --> 00:18:46,965 TO REMOVE SMUDGES OR FINGERPRINTS 301 00:18:46,965 --> 00:18:49,827 AND GIVE THE BRASS PARTS A MIRROR FINISH. 302 00:18:54,689 --> 00:18:57,862 THEY DIP THE BRASS SAXOPHONE PARTS IN A BATH 303 00:18:57,862 --> 00:19:02,551 WHERE SOUND WAVES HELP REMOVE RESIDUAL DIRT AND GREASE. 304 00:19:02,551 --> 00:19:05,275 THERE'S ALSO A CHEMICAL PRIMER IN THE BATH 305 00:19:05,275 --> 00:19:08,517 THAT WILL HELP A LACQUER BOND TO THE BRASS. 306 00:19:08,517 --> 00:19:11,482 A TECHNICIAN SPRAYS THE LACQUER ONTO THE BRASS 307 00:19:11,482 --> 00:19:15,206 TO PROTECT IT FROM CORROSION AND TARNISH. 308 00:19:15,206 --> 00:19:17,482 FLORAL ARTWORK WILL ADD VISUAL FLAIR 309 00:19:17,482 --> 00:19:21,448 TO THIS COPPER SAXOPHONE BELL. 310 00:19:21,448 --> 00:19:25,655 THE COPPER HAS BEEN PAINTED BLACK TO MAKE THE ART STAND OUT. 311 00:19:25,655 --> 00:19:29,068 THE ARTIST FOLLOWS THE STENCIL WITH AN ETCHING TOOL, 312 00:19:29,068 --> 00:19:32,206 ROTATING IT USING A TWIRLING MOTION TECHNIQUE, 313 00:19:32,206 --> 00:19:34,206 ETCHING IN FLUID MOVEMENTS. 314 00:19:34,206 --> 00:19:37,172 HE DOESN'T STOP UNTIL HE'S COMPLETED A LINE 315 00:19:37,172 --> 00:19:40,896 TO PREVENT ANY INCONSISTENCIES IN THE ENGRAVING. 316 00:19:40,896 --> 00:19:44,448 AFTER HE COMPLETES THE PATTERN, HE DOES DETAIL WORK. 317 00:19:44,448 --> 00:19:49,413 THIS EXPOSES THE COPPER METAL AND MAKES THE ART POP. 318 00:19:49,413 --> 00:19:51,896 RETURNING TO THE BRASS SAXOPHONE NOW, 319 00:19:51,896 --> 00:19:56,896 A TECHNICIAN SCREWS LONG HINGE RODS TO THE POSTS. 320 00:19:56,896 --> 00:19:58,517 HE ATTACHES THE KEYS, 321 00:19:58,517 --> 00:20:02,689 WHICH HAVE BEEN EQUIPPED WITH PADS IN THE CUPS. 322 00:20:02,689 --> 00:20:06,206 A TINY SCREW SECURES THIS GROUPING OF KEYS. 323 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:11,862 HE TURNS THE SAXOPHONE OVER, INSERTS A LIGHT, 324 00:20:11,862 --> 00:20:17,241 AND LOOKS FOR ESCAPING RAYS, MAKING ADJUSTMENTS IF NEEDED. 325 00:20:17,241 --> 00:20:22,068 HE INSTALLS NEEDLE SPRINGS UNDER THE KEY RODS AND MAIN HINGE ROD. 326 00:20:22,068 --> 00:20:24,172 THEY'LL ENABLE THE KEYS TO SPRING BACK 327 00:20:24,172 --> 00:20:26,413 AFTER THEY'RE PRESSED. 328 00:20:26,413 --> 00:20:31,137 HE TESTS THE SPRING ACTION AND, AGAIN, CHECKS FOR LIGHT LEAKS. 329 00:20:31,137 --> 00:20:34,517 HE NOW FITS THE BELL BOW TO THE MAIN BODY. 330 00:20:34,517 --> 00:20:37,517 THERE'S A CONNECTING RING THAT HOLDS THEM TOGETHER, 331 00:20:37,517 --> 00:20:41,068 BUT HE'LL ALSO LOCK THEM IN PLACE WITH A SCREW. 332 00:20:41,068 --> 00:20:42,551 FROM START TO FINISH, 333 00:20:42,551 --> 00:20:47,137 IT TAKES ABOUT A MONTH TO CRAFT THIS SAXOPHONE. 334 00:20:47,137 --> 00:20:49,310 WHETHER IT'S MADE OUT OF BASIC BRASS 335 00:20:49,310 --> 00:20:52,517 OR SOMETHING A LITTLE SHOWIER, THE LOOK OF THE INSTRUMENT 336 00:20:52,517 --> 00:20:55,931 CAN REFLECT THE SAXOPHONIST'S PLAYING STYLE, 337 00:20:55,931 --> 00:20:58,655 BUT THE TONE OF THE INSTRUMENT DEFINES IT. 27960

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