All language subtitles for Cold War - S01E13 - Make Love Not War (The 60s) (480p x265 EDGE2020).eng

NARRATION:
Beatlemania hits the United States.

With sex, drugs
and rock n' roll-

the Sixties shake
American values.

The work ethic,
military duty,

even family life are
under attack.

The Cold War continues,
but for a generation,

it's time to make love,
not war.

The peak of its
prosperity and power.

The Democrats'
choice to run

for President was
young Jack Kennedy,

good-looking son of an Irish-
American multi-millionaire.

HAL BEERS:
The Kennedy family, but Jack in particular

and Jackie
especially as well,

just seemed to be the

natural fulfillment of the
American political process.

They seemed to
be the best

that the process could
bring forward,

and represented a new
and glittering age.

You have to make
your decision

of what you want
this country to be.

What you want
Illinois to be?

How ready you are to move
this country forward?

That is the question which
separates Mr. Nixon and myself.

Kennedy brought in a
sense of excitement and youth

after the kind of
sleepy Eisenhower years,

and almost seemed to symbolize
this, you know, youth passion.

NARRATION: The Republican Party
choice, Vice-President Richard Nixon,

shared Kennedy's patriotic
anti-Communist fervor.

But he had not been
groomed for television.

The whole business
of presenting visuals

became very,
very important.

The Kennedy family put
up hundreds of thousands of

dollars, equipped a bus,
it had film crews aboard,

and they would go wherever
John Kennedy was appearing,

and film him;
and then those films

became a part of his
advertising on television.

It was the first time
that it had really been

done in an effective
and organized way.

NARRATION:
Kennedy had attacked Eisenhower's

conduct of
the Cold War.

[ Applause ]

To America and the world,
he proclaimed...

Let every nation know,

whether it wishes us well or ill
that we shall pay any price,

bear any burden, meet any
hardship, support any friend,

oppose any foe,
to assure the survival

and the success of Liberty.

NARRATION:
Kennedy increased the military budget.

Defense contracts brought the
military industrial complex

unparalleled
strength an riches.

It meant more jobs.

HAL BEERS: The Cold War was the
noblest of enterprises and it fit right in

with the need for technologists
like myself and the need for the

Government-sponsored
programs that were opposing

the Soviet advances.

Attitudes were
interesting at that time,

because the defense industry
and its budgets seemed to be based

on the fact that the Russians
were ten feet tall.

Most of us were very
hawkish about things,

I mean our well-being,

our sustenance was dependent
on the defense industry.

NARRATION:
America was booming.

The state of California,
where much of the aerospace

industry was based,

became the sixth largest
economy in the world.

The big thing in those
days was get into missiles,

get into spacecraft,
get into satellites.

Big things are happening and
they're all happening out

in California.

Some friends of ours were
going to California because

Hughes we understand,

was building up an
electronics place and

Disneyland was hiring and
work was bad in Chicago

in '56-'57 so we decided
to move out here.

NARRATION:
Post-war settlers in California left

behind the decaying
cities of the East.

They found suburban life in
the sun affordable, idyllic.

We would hang around
the sales office

until we saw the new
plot map go up,

and then we picked
up the lot that we wanted.

And talking with
the sales agent,

he told us that
Sunday morning

we are going to open
this tract for buyers.

And we said, "What time are
you opening Sunday morning?"

He told us.

We went to church
early that day.

By 8 o'clock or whenever he
opened his doors,

we were first in line.

And for $200 cash,
check written,

why we were
in the place.

TERRI MACISI
We paid $10,999, which is,

tell somebody back in
Chicago that and they'd

think you were buying
a barn, you know.

And it was nice-there
was three bedrooms, one bath,

and we increased.

We had to put the
we put a block wall fence,

we put a patio out there,

and we put in the
corner of our backyard,

we put like the desert,

we put a little
cactus and stuff,

so we're reminded we're
living in California.

NARRATION: This good life
was not available to all Americans.

The question came up about
selling these homes

to members of minorities, ethnic
minorities, blacks specifically.

And we were assured that
we did not have to worry

about anything of
the sort happening,

that the tract simply
was not selling to blacks.

NARRATION:
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights

had not removed the
wedges of prejudice

that were driven
through American society.

Black Americans
too wanted freedom.

Where Kennedy meant
freedom from communism,

they meant freedom from hunger,
from fear, from humiliation.

We looked at
racism by degree,

you know, so if you
lived in St. Louis you said,

"Well it could
have been worse -

you could be in
Mississippi", you know.

If you lived in
Mississippi, you said,

"Well, we're lucky
they didn't kill us all".

That type of peace.

And so consequently, if a black
person rose up and fought back,

they said,
"You're crazy, Nigger!"

Even black folk said,
"You're crazy".

Now somebody
had to say,

"Hey, it's all right,
when something is wrong,

to say it's wrong.

And in a democracy,
if somethings wrong

and you say it's wrong,
you can gather to petition

your government to
tell them it's wrong.

And you know what?

If you do, they might do
something about it!"

That's essentially what the
civil rights movement was about.

I“ You better keep your
eyes on that prize I“

I“ Oh, Lord,
Oh, Lord I“

NARRATION:
In many southern states,

laws prevented blacks
and whites travelling together,

eating together, even
going to the same school.

Black Americans were denied
jobs and the right to vote.

Civil rights activists
demonstrating against unjust

laws were careful not
to provoke the police

by any display
of aggression.

They were beaten
just the same.

[screams & shouts]

It wasn't the
first time armed whites

had assaulted
unarmed blacks,

but now television
was watching.

Discrimination against
blacks damaged America's

credibility as Freedom's
champion in the Cold War.

Kennedy was being
urged by his brother,

Attorney-General
Bobby Kennedy,

to back the
Civil Rights Movement.

Aware that he needed the
votes of white Southerners,

Kennedy found if difficult
to commit himself.

I“ We shall overcome,
we shall overcome I“

I“ We shall overcome
some day... I“

NARRATION:
August 28th, 1963- a civil rights rally

at the Lincoln Memorial
in Washington

urged the White House
to ban racist laws

and give black Americans
equal job opportunities.

A quarter of a million
people showed up to listen

to a thirty-four year old
Southern Baptist minister.

Let freedom ring
and if America is to be

a great nation
this must become true.

So let freedom ring.

[ Applause ]

When we let it ring from every
village and every hamlet,

from every state
and every city,

we will be able
to speed up that

day when all of
God's children,

black men and white men,

Jews and Gentiles,

Protestants and Catholics,

will be able to join hands

and sing in the words
of the old Negro spiritual

"Free at last!
Free at last!

Thank God Almighty!

We are free at last!"

I never heard King say
one thing when that camera

was on about white folks and
another thing when it was off.

He never called them 'honkies',
he never called them 'rednecksi

He always had
the same love.

Now I'm talking about when just
he and I are in a room talking.

I'm cussing and calling them
everything I can think of,

and blah, blah, blah, and he
never left that spirit of love.

NARRATION: George Wallace,
Democratic Governor of Alabama,

saw the growing
civil rights movement

as part of a
communist conspiracy.

The Communist Party USA

has been alert to capitalize
on every possible issue

or event which could
be used to exploit the

American Negro in
furtherance of party aims.

In its efforts to
influence the American Negro,

the party attempts to infiltrate
the legitimate Negro

organizations for the
purpose of stirring up

racial prejudices
and hatred.

In this way the party strikes
a blow at our democratic form

of government by
attempting to influence

public opinion throughout the
world against the United States.

NARRATION:
In the name of national security,

Attorney General Robert Kennedy,
gave the FBI permission

to tap the telephones of Martin
Luther King and his colleagues.

J Edgar Hoover, Chief of the
FBI, was convinced that the

Civil Rights movement had
been infiltrated by communists.

ARTHUR MURTAGH:
Hoover hated King.

Hoover is close
enough to the South

to be in a
southern culture,

and in that society there
was a real sense of belief,

a religious belief,
a political belief,

that there was no such
thing as equality

between blacks and whites.

Hoover had coverage
by agents listening

to the wire-tap
twenty-four hours a day.

We had scuttlebutt and rumor
about his personal life.

We didn't have facts to show
that King was a communist.

NARRATION: In the build-up
to the 1964 election campaign,

President Kennedy took his wife
on a ceremonial visit to Dallas.

There, he met his death.

Americans tried to find
outsiders to blame

for their President's killing.

There was a fear that the
assassination might be the start

of a communist attack
on the United States.

This is a sad time
for all people.

We have suffered a loss
that cannot be weighed.

For me it is a
deep personal tragedy.

JACK VALENTI: On the very
night Johnson became President,

when we flew back from
Dallas on November 22nd, 1963,

I was one of three people who
sat with him in his bedroom.

And that night,
I learned,

he had sketched out
the Great Society;

and what he
wanted to do-

as he said, "Now that I've got
the power, I aim to use it".

This administration
today here and now,

declares unconditional war
on poverty in America.

[ Applause ]

And I urge this Congress
and all Americans

to join with me
in that effort.

NARRATION: In one of the
richest countries in the world,

millions of people
were living in poverty,

without decent housing,
without health care,

without education.

Amongst Blacks,

unemployment was nine
times that of Whites.

Central to Johnson's
vision of the Great Society

was the abolition of
racial discrimination.

In July 1964, Johnson
signed the Civil Rights Bill.

ARCHIVE NARRATION: He uses nearly a hundred
pens to affix the signature and date.

Souvenirs go to Republican
leader, Everett Dirksen

and Democratic Whip,
Hubert Humphrey.

The President seems to have
mastered the art of just

touching each pen
to the paper.

Integration leader Martin Luther
King receives his pen,

a gift he said
he would cherish.

ARCHIVE- RADIO OPERATOR:
Attention all bases, attention all bases.

This is iron Hand,
this is iron Hand.

This is attack alert.

[alarm siren]

NARRATION:
The Cold War military build-up continued.

The United States
remained on high alert

against a Soviet
nuclear attack.

It prepared to counter-attack
on an unimaginable scale.

[ Control tower radio messages ]

NARRATION: An increasing
minority were questioning the cost

and the effect
on American life.

They had the pride of
billions and billions

and billions and trillions
of dollars of investment,

trillions of dollars
of war materials,

secrecy, perquisites, pride,

an incredible
conspiracy of silence

surrounding what was supposed
to be a democratic nation.

NARRATION: The defense
industry was a generous employer.

The Pentagon presented
the military machine

as the defender of
the American Dream.

ARCHIVE NARRATION: The day
begins and gives new meaning to the words

of Walt Whitman.

Everything comes
out of the people,

everyday people.

The people as you find them.
And leave them.

Pe°P|e--- people...
JUSY people.

HAL BEERS: Life in this neighborhood
was very very good indeed.

We all had jobs, we knew
we were going to keep them,

we all owned our homes,

we're all white,
middle class,

approaching middle age.

The children were very much
the same size and shape.

Fourth of July, all the moms
made their potato salads

and their cold cuts.

It was all out there in the
middle of the cul-de-sac

on picnic tables.

We'd blocked off the
end of the cul-de-sac,

there was no traffic.

The kids would play and
they'd have their streamers

and their tricycles,
you know, all decorated.

And we would have a fine, fine
time on the Fourth of July.

NARRATION: Throughout 1964,
Johnson was oh the Campaign trail

to get himself elected President
and to build the Great Society.

His Republican opponent was

Senator Barry Goldwater
of Arizona.

He voted against
the Civil Rights Bill.

Goldwater promised to
get tough with the Soviets.

He denounced Johnson's Great
Society as creeping socialism.

The message of our
campaign is clear. It's this.

Stop the spread of socialism at
home and communism abroad.

[ Applause ]

NARRATION: The American
people needed more convincing.

Goldwater was
heavily defeated.

On the Berkeley campus of the
University of California,

dissent flourished.

There had been a long
tradition in Berkeley,

going back
many many years,

of distributing
literature,

and giving
political speeches,

and setting up tables
promoting your political groups,

right there on
the campus grounds.

An edict came down which said
that all of that must stop.

NARRATION:
The students borrowed the tactics of

the Civil Rights movement.

They organized
strikes and sit-ins.

In the confrontation
with the students,

the polite became
increasingly heavy handed.

The press and the public
had little sympathy.

Some of the press corps
said that forty-nine percent

of us were communists
and so you saw people

wearing buttons saying,

"|'m part of
the forty-nine percent".

Which was a big
deal you see.

This is a very important turning
point because I was terrified

of being called a communist,
absolutely terrified.

I was going to be a
public school teacher-

this could end my career.

To put that button on,
to sing songs that we made up,

like, "There are five
thousand students in the plaza,

the microphones loud,

it's drawing a crowd,

I'm sure that the rules
say it's just not allowed."

But to sing that, it would
stick in my throat,

because it was terrifying to
be thought of as a communist.

NARRATION: American ideals of
political freedom were now being

extended into
the personal realm.

The pursuit of happiness
seemed incomplete without

the exercise of
sexual freedoms.

The free enterprise system
richly rewarded the adroit

merchandising of
sexual fantasy.

BUNNY GIRL:
Good Evening.

My name is Vera and I'm
going to be your Bunny tonight.

The philosophy that
I have always -

that I grew up with
and that I espoused

in the
editorial series,

was really personal freedom,
political freedom,

economic freedom.

With the emphasis on the
personal.

The notion that we indeed did
and do own our own minds

and bodies,

and that anything from church
or state that limits that

is inappropriate
and inconsistent

with the pluralistic society
that America is supposed to be.

JACKIE GOLDBERG:
People were saying that there

was nothing
automatically wrong

about having sex
before marriage.

The birth control pill was
available to students

at the Student Health Service
and most of the women

I know were availing
themselves of it.

We agreed with the men that
pre-marital sex was not an

evil thing for which you would
die in eternal damnation.

On the other hand there
were an awful lot of

"love 'em and
leave 'em" guys.

So what exactly were
the rules of this game?

This was a tough
time for women.

NARRATION: American men
were still marching off to war.

In March 1965,
President Johnson

began sending ground
troops to Vietnam.

ARCHIVE NARRATOR: Inside
the Army base at Oakland, California,

a scene reminiscent of
the recent past.

The years of the
Korean and World War Two

campaigns is re-enacted

by yet another generation
of young Americans.

I looked on Vietnam
initially as

the country is
potentially at risk.

Here's another opportunity to
demonstrate strength to the

communist world, as it were -
our skills, scientific,

technical, manufacturing,
whatever it might be.

What a wonderful opportunity!

Kennedy's famous inaugural
address at which he said,

"Ask not what your
country can do for you

but what you can do
for your country,"

was really a rallying
cry for my generation,

at least part
of my generation.

We were the new Romans who
faced the barbarians on

the frontiers
of the new Rome.

I joined the Marines out
of that sense of patriotism

and once we were
sent to Vietnam,

this was all considered
to be right and fitting.

This is what we
were supposed to do.

I“ Silver wings
upon their chest I“

I“ These are men,
America's best I“

NARRATION: Despite the
extension of the military draft,

Johnson's war in Vietnam
enjoyed popular support.

DJ'?

While some young Americans
went off to war in Vietnam,

others were seeking thrills
of a different kind.

They rejected American
materialism, not for communism

but for love,
peace and rock n' roll.

I“ Dancing in the street I“

DJ'?

NARRATION: All over the country
young men of draft age turned on,

tuned in and dropped out.

It was fun to make
people say

"Oh, look at the
freaks!" or "Is it a girl or a boy?"

Or things like that.

Unless it was some place where
people were really hostile

and wanted to beat you up,
it was kind of fun.

I to this day think that
it's young people's job

to horrify older people.

I think the first
reaction of most of us,

who were veterans
and were working hard

and trying to
raise a family,

suddenly confronted
with a generation

that seemed not
to give a damn.

They wore beads and earrings,
and they smoked marijuana,

which was a thing to do, and
they spoke a different language.

NARRATION: These young
Americans rejected the work ethic

and monogamy
for spontaneity,

sensuality and
psychedelic drugs.

There was the cosmic
consciousness,

there was being God,

there was understanding
it all now.

And I became in short
order pretty impatient

with the rest
of the world.

They're still having wars,
they're doing stupid things.

NARRATION: Mostly the
Flower children did their own thing.

The police, obliged
to play the heavy father,

were often
totally at a loss.

MARY SUE PLANCK: I really did
think the revolution was going to happen.

Not necessarily
guns and blood.

If pressed, I might have had
a hard time saying just what

I thought was
going to happen.

The one thing I was
fond of saying was,

"There are more
of us being born,

and more of them dying
all the time"

and I really thought that
all we had to do was show them,

and once people realized

'Oh yeah, this is a
better way to live!

Love is much
better than war!'

NARRATION: The vast majority of
Americans spurned youth counter-culture.

Hollywood film star,
Ronald Reagan,

was out to become Republican
Governor of California.

NANCY REAGAN: Feels very good!
RONALD REAGAN: Yeah!

NARRATION: Reagan urged a
massive effort to win the war in Vietnam.

I have always felt
that we should be making

an all-out effort to win.

BBC REPORTER [ OOY ]: Does that
imply you don't think the government is?

Well, I think for quite some
time and I still believe,

I have agreed with
those military men

and those who have
suggested that perhaps more

of a blockade with
regard to North Vietnam,

the blocking of the
harbor and so forth,

to stop the shipments of
munitions in as well as

trying to intercept
them on their way south,

would be more effective.

BBC REPORTER:
More bombing?

Yes.

NARRATION:
But protest against the war was growing.

There were marches and
draft card burnings.

The war, these Americans argued,
was immoral and unjust.

ALLEN GINSBERG:
It felt like we were walking around

in a large
mass hallucination,

sustained by all the
politicians,

but particularly Lyndon
Johnson and later by Nixon -

extremely -

based on lies and secrecy,
sustained by the media,

who were not able to

who couldn't conceive
that the whole

structure of the United States
mentality could be so wrong

and so disastrous and
so earth destroying.

I had the opportunity
to travel to Vietnam

and see firsthand some of the
things that were going on;

and I studied and
read quite a bit about it.

I became quite
convinced that there

just was no
basis to be there,

and that in time that we
could bring the whole country,

you know,
to that point of view.

NARRATION:
At the Oakland Draft Induction Center,

Berkeley students organized a
blockade, trying to prevent

conscripts registering
for military service.

The army was forced
to bus the conscripts in

behind a massive
police cordon.

ARCHIVE - SONG:
'I ain't marching anymore'.

FRANK BARDACKE: I do
remember the first time I was maced.

That wasn't
particularly fun.

It was very typical
for the police line's there

and the student line
is here and there's sort of,

you know, ritualized
back and-forth.

Well, with going through this
ritualized back-and-forth

and this guy takes out this
can and sprays it in your face

and you're blinded,
you know you feel blinded.

You are temporarily blinded
and you don't know what the hell

and of course it
never happened before,

so if you're temporarily
blind you don't know -

it doesn't come with the word
temporary in front of it -

you don't know what
the hell's happened.

DJ'?

NARRATION:
Most Americans still supported

President Johnson's
war in Vietnam.

Some saw the anti-war protesters
as little more than traitors.

Ninety-nine percent of the
people in this country are

terrific Americans and disagree
entirely with flag burnings,

carrying enemy colors, giving
medical supplies to the enemy,

etcetera.

NARRATION: Many could not
understand why Johnson did not use more

of America's massive
firepower to end the war.

But Johnson did not want
to risk a wider conflict.

JACK VALENTI:
Johnson's sole motivation was to try,

as we say in Texas,

'To haul ass out of that
war', get out of there.

He didn't know
how to do it.

He could not just
unilaterally retreat

and take the
soldiers out.

Then every right-wing enemy
would have said, 'You coward!

You poltroon!

You disgrace the American nation and
you in a sense spat on its flag

because you put your
tail between your legs

and you ran?

NARRATION:
Johnson's war dragged on.

By the end of 1967,

there were half a million
American soldiers in Vietnam.

We had an anti-war
rally with

a focus on the
fact that twenty-six,

twenty-eight percent of the
people who were dying on

the front lines in Vietnam were
Black Americans whose

same rights were not being
recognized in this country.

And the whole focus was,
'Down with the War!'

and 'Black People do not
serve in the military!'

NARRATION: Millions took notice
when heavyweight boxing champion

Mohammed Ali defied the draft.

He declared his allegiance to
a non-American cause - Islam.

INTERVIEWER: Shortly put- Are the
Black Muslims taking you for a ride?

I said not black Muslims, Muslims!

INTERVIEWER:
I beg your pardon.

Are the Muslims
taking you for a ride?

No, no, the white people have
been taking us for a ride

for the past 400 years
in America!

NARRATION: In the Black
ghetto of Oakland, California,

activists trained as
paramilitaries in what they saw

as a civil war against
a racist police force.

Led by Huey Newton, they called
themselves the Black Panthers.

Where the peaceniks
offered flowers,

the Panthers pointed guns.

We took our guns with us,
to let the police know that,

'We have an equalizer and
we're going to exercise',

as Huey used to say,

'this constitutional
right to observe you,

whether you like it or not.'

That's what Huey says is,
"Right on Huey!

That's what we're doing!'

But the police
at one point says,

'You have no right
to observe me!'

Huey says, 'No! California State
Supreme Court Ruling states

that every citizen has the right
to stand and observe a police

officer carrying
out his duty,

as long as they stand a
reasonable distance away.

A reasonable distance in
that particular ruling was

constituted as
eight to ten feet.

I'm standing approximately
twenty feet from you,

and I'll observe you whether
you like it or not!'

Now you have to imagine thirty
or forty black folks standing by

and listening to this stuff,
and some woman said,

'Well, go head on and
tell it brother!'

I mean, that's capturing the
imagination, the feelings,

the emotions.

Some other black said "Man!"
he's scratched his head-

"What kind of
Negroes is these?"

NARRATION: America's Black
ghettos were now war zones.

In the summer of 1967,

there were riots in
Newark and Detroit.

In Detroit the police
asked for a war budget

of nine million dollars to
buy military equipment.

For too many Americans,

Johnson's Great Society
was a sham.

DJ'?

NARRATION: In March
1968, as the war in Vietnam

and conflict at
home continued,

Johnson threw
in the towel.

He declared he would not run
for a second term as President.

Martin Luther King
still pursued his dream.

So I'm happy tonight.

I'm not worried about anything.
I'm not fearing any man.

Mine eyes have seen the glory
of the coming of the Lord!

[ Applause ]

NARRATION:
The following night,

Martin Luther King was
killed by a white gunman.

Behind the mule wagon carrying
King's coffin was a bare-headed

Bobby Kennedy.

He was grieving -
and campaigning to become the

Democrats' next
presidential candidate.

The country wants to
move in a different direction.

We want to deal with our own
problems within our own country

and we want
peace in Vietnam.

[ Applause ]

NARRATION: Bobby Kennedy
won the Californian Primary.

His rival, fellow
Democrat Eugene McCarthy,

was also for peace.

McCarthy supporters,
watching television,

saw another Kennedy killed
by an assassin's bullet.

"If you do not leave the room,

we cannot get medical
aid to the Senator!

Now would you please,

[ gasps & cries ]

"Kennedy's been shot
somebody's shot Robert Kennedy!"

I found my wife Terry on
the sofa weeping at dawn,

because I missed, I realized
she wasn't in bed - where is she?

I went out looking.

She's on the sofa,
she's weeping

and of course the news is
still rolling you know,

and the playbacks of the
assassination

and I just could not come
to grips with that one.

I thought this
proves that there

good men are being
sent to slaughter.

NARRATION:
August 1968.

Democratic Party delegates
arrive in Chicago

for the Convention to choose
their candidate for the

presidential elections
in November.

The burning issue was
the war in Vietnam.

Vice-President
Hubert Humphrey

was confident he would
win the nomination.

He supported Johnson's
dream of a Great Society and,

in public,
the war in Vietnam.

The hopes of the
anti-war faction within

the democratic
party now lay

with Senator Eugene McCarthy
of Minnesota.

When I moved into my
headquarters in the hotel,

I had
Secret Service -

they were very honest
people and they said,

"Look, this room
is not bugged;

you can say anything here.

But don't talk on the telephone,
because you've been tapped -

we know you're tapped...

NARRATION:
The authorities were nervous.

A hundred thousand
anti war demonstrators

were expected
in Chicago.

We permit people-
we don't care who they are-

to come to Chicago
and visit us,

and we will permit people
to carry on their rights

as American citizens, to
petition and demonstrate.

But there's no person
any place anywhere,

or any thousands of them
that will come to Chicago

and take over
our streets,

our convention
or our city.

The present day
politicians

and their armies of
automatons have selfishly

robbed us of our birthright.

The evilness they stand for
will go unchallenged no longer!

Political pigs,
your days are numbered!

We are the second American
revolution, we are winning!

Yippee!

NARRATION: The demonstrators
gathered in the city's parks

in preparation for a march
on the convention hall.

Mayor Daley had no intention of
allowing them to march anywhere

and wanted them
out of the parks.

They wanted a
focal point

and the focal point
would be the park.

Daley said, 'You
can't sleep in the park'.

They said, 'We're going
to sleep in the park.'

That was their
main focus,

because they knew there'd
be a confrontation.

NARRATION: Inside the
Convention, Daley prevented McCarthy

delegates debating the
vvar on prime time TV.

[audience chaos]

DALEV: They're here as
guests of the Democratic Party

and let them conduct
themselves accordingly

or clear the gallery!

DELEGATE:
Will the Convention be

will the Sergeant-at-Arms
enforce order in the Convention!

NARRATION:
On the day the Democratic Party

was due to nominate its
presidential candidate,

anti-war protesters
battled it out with police.

[ Chanting ]

RENNIE DAVIS: It was quite
an experience really, having,

I don't know the number-
you know, forty -

fifty policemen yelling

"Kill Davis", with a much
bigger group behind them.

And the first hit
was to the head and

drove me to the ground,

and then it was just being
beaten on the back, you know,

over and over again.

It was, I would say, probably
the only time in my life where

I really thought I
might not make this.

NARRATION:
As the Democratic Party Convention

lined up behind Humphrey,

the peaceniks made
one last attempt to march

on the
convention hall.

The police were
waiting for them -

and for anyone else
who stayed in the street.

The majority of the people
supported the Chicago police

in the convention.

I think there was a poll
afterwards where about 78%

of the people in the US
supported the Chicago police.

NARRATION: At the Convention
McCarthy's supporters were overwhelmed.

Vice-President Hubert Humphrey
became the Democrats'

candidate for the Presidential
elections in November.

He would face a tough

and seasoned
Republican Party opponent.

When the strongest nation
in the world can be tied down

for four years in a war in
Vietnam with no end in sight,

when the richest
nation in the world

can't manage
its own economy,

when the nation with the
greatest tradition of the rule

of law is plagued by
unprecedented lawlessness,

when a nation has been known
for a century for equality

of opportunity is torn by
unprecedented racial violence,

and when the President
of the United States

cannot travel abroad or

to any major city at home
without fear of a hostile

demonstration -
then it's time for a new

leadership for the
United States of America.

[ Applause ]

He was saying,
"|'m tougher, I'm smarter,

I understand
the world better.

My opponents are divided.

They've been taken over
by the fringe elements

of the Democratic Party,

and a bunch of
loonies are in charge.

We're stable, we have
a sense of direction.

You know where we
stand on things.

You can confide in us.

And we won't let the Russians
or the Chinese push us around."

NARRATION: Richard
Nixon's victory was wafer-thin-

less than one percent
of the vote.

The Cold War and the war
in Vietnam would continue.