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In 1969, a group
of astronauts changed the world.
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They rode the biggest rocket
ever built to the moon.
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It was the culmination
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of more than 10 years
of space pioneering
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and the foundation for exploring
worlds beyond our own.
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This is the story
of our greatest adventure.
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NASA is in trouble.
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The multibillion-dollar Hubble
Space Telescope is out of focus.
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Its power and guidance systems
are failing, too.
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The public, Congress --
I mean, across the board --
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you know, pictures of
"Hubble the techno-turkey,"
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"Hubble, one of history's
great disasters."
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I had neighbors come up to me
and say,
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"You have our sympathy
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for having to work
on such a national disaster."
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They're under
enormous pressure to fix it.
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If they can't, many fear
the agency may not survive.
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At NASA,
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if you are unable to meet
mission objectives,
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then there's a good chance
that future funding and support
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is gonna be very difficult
to come by.
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The future of the space agency
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is riding on one of the most
daring missions ever attempted.
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Let's go to work.
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NASA assembles
a highly experienced crew.
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Their training is the most
intense for any astronaut
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since the Apollo flights.
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Story Musgrave leads
the repair team.
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My part was
to understand the mechanics
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down here on Earth
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and translate them into work
up there.
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Musgrave's partner
is EVA specialist Jeff Hoffman.
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It was the most complex
spacewalking mission
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that NASA had ever undertaken.
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It will take five extended EVAs
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to correct
the space telescope's vision.
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We couldn't afford
unexpected events
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in the Hubble mission.
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It was just too important
and too critical
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that it be done right.
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It's hard to hold back
good people.
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And I can guarantee you, the
folks that I had on this team --
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I mean, there was
no stopping them.
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The expectation was huge.
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The repair mission was very,
very high-profile.
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This is shuttle launch control
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at T-minus 3 hours and holding.
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We're standing by
for live video
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of the crew donning
their flight suits
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in the crew quarters,
which is located
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00:03:07,521 --> 00:03:10,399
in the Operations
and Checkout Building.
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This is Kathy
Thornton's third shuttle flight
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and Jeff's Hoffman's fourth.
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Mission Specialist Jeff Hoffman.
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His pilot, Ken Bowersox.
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The head of NASA
delivers a personal message
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to the crew.
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The message we got,
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"Guys, NASA's future
is on line,
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and you're responsible."
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What do you say after that?
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"Yes, sir."
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10... 9...
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And we have a go
for main engine start.
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...5... 4...
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3... 2... 1.
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And we have lift-off.
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Lift-off of the space shuttle
Endeavour
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on an ambitious mission
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to service
the Hubble Space Telescope.
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I was extremely excited
to be able to go up
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and be one of the people
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who was gonna rescue Hubble
from this disaster.
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Go and throttle up.
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Go with throttle up.
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To rendezvous with Hubble,
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Endeavour will circle the Earth
16 times a day,
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raising its altitude
on each orbit.
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Hubble is 370 miles
above the Earth.
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It's the highest
the space shuttle can fly --
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double its normal altitude.
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FIDO, Flight.
Your clock is counting down...
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Traveling
at 17,500 miles an hour,
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00:04:55,254 --> 00:04:59,716
it takes Endeavour two days to
catch up to the space telescope.
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- About a minute.
- Okay.
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00:05:02,970 --> 00:05:06,265
The first view
that we get of Hubble
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00:05:06,348 --> 00:05:09,560
is just a point of light
off in the distance.
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And then, every orbit,
it gets brighter and brighter.
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I like to use binoculars up
there, so I put the binoculars.
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00:05:18,819 --> 00:05:21,196
"Oh, wow! I can really pick up
the solar panels."
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00:05:21,989 --> 00:05:24,324
Now it's getting bigger
and bigger.
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00:05:24,408 --> 00:05:26,410
"Wow!
That is big!"
93
00:05:29,913 --> 00:05:32,624
...the bottom
of the telescope...
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Hubble is more than
40 feet long and 14 feet wide,
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with a mass of 24,000 pounds.
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We copy.
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Mission Specialist
Claude Nicollier
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extends the shuttle's
robotic arm
99
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and plucks the massive telescope
out of the sky.
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Space telescope captured.
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Houston, Endeavour
has a firm handshake
102
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with Mr. Hubble's telescope.
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We copy that, Covey, and there
are smiles galore down here.
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00:06:03,113 --> 00:06:04,531
It's quite a sight.
105
00:06:04,615 --> 00:06:06,700
Great work up there, you guys.
106
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It only gets harder from here.
107
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The repair schedule demands
an extended spacewalk every day
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for the next five days.
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Hoffman and Musgrave suit up
in the air lock
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00:06:22,174 --> 00:06:25,219
before venturing out
into the vacuum of space.
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Getting ready for
a spacewalk takes a lot of time.
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Space is a very,
very unforgiving environment.
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It's unforgiving
of mechanical failures.
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It's unforgiving of human error.
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I mean, if your space suit
springs a leak,
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you can have a very bad day.
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They close the inner
air-lock hatch,
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and it's just Story and me
on our own.
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And we're ready to go to work.
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You know, it's showtime.
121
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Okay, it's daylight outside,
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so you might want to put
your visors down.
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Visors down.
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00:07:02,756 --> 00:07:04,550
You're walking
out of the tunnel
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00:07:04,633 --> 00:07:06,218
onto the playing field.
126
00:07:06,301 --> 00:07:07,469
I think that's the best way
I can put it.
127
00:07:07,553 --> 00:07:09,513
You're on the playing field.
128
00:07:09,596 --> 00:07:13,016
And as I looked around
the team at Mission Control,
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there were some locked jaws.
130
00:07:14,685 --> 00:07:16,770
There were some people
kind of tense.
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I mean, you could tell.
They had their game face on.
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You are expected to do
certain things.
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You got requirements put on you.
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You're not in the stands.
You're not a spectator.
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You're doing it.
136
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The first spacewalk
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targets Hubble's
faulty guidance system.
138
00:07:37,082 --> 00:07:39,626
The telescope
has six gyroscopes.
139
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Four need to be replaced.
140
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So we have to open up
these big doors.
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And then Story would actually
insert himself
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underneath the gyroscopes.
143
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It was a fairly tight space.
144
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Right now,
the bottom of the telescope...
145
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I could not get up under there
and then move.
146
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There was no room.
147
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And Jeff took me by the boots,
148
00:08:04,651 --> 00:08:08,614
and he fed me
up inside the telescope.
149
00:08:08,655 --> 00:08:12,993
You have to be very careful
of debris, contamination.
150
00:08:13,076 --> 00:08:15,621
So there's a lot of constraints
on what we're doing.
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Come hell or high water,
we had to go get this done.
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I did not want to do
that first spacewalk
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and leave anything undone.
154
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And I was basically
beating the drum.
155
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You know, "Let's keep it up.
Let's keep going."
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Two hours later,
the first repair is a success.
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- Endeavour, Houston.
- Go ahead.
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Not to get you spun up,
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00:08:40,062 --> 00:08:43,106
but we have six good gyros
on the telescope.
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All that remained
was to close the door.
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We had done it I don't know
how many times in the water.
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Nobody had ever thought about
having problems with the doors.
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I could get either the bottom
or the top latch closed,
164
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but not both.
165
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The bottom is engaged...
166
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I think we got the door closed.
167
00:09:30,779 --> 00:09:32,239
If you can't get
the doors closed,
168
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you've lost the thermal control
and you might have leaks.
169
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You basically run a risk
of losing the telescope.
170
00:09:37,661 --> 00:09:40,622
Well, you can't leave
Hubble up there with open doors.
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That would've been a disaster.
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The very tense moment,
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and I think my mind
kind of blanks it out.
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- No, don't do it yet.
- Okay.
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I'm gonna try to get
on the bottom.
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On each orbit of the Earth,
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Hoffman and Musgrave pass
from daylight into darkness
178
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every 45 minutes.
179
00:10:05,063 --> 00:10:07,900
Working in extremes
of hot and cold,
180
00:10:07,941 --> 00:10:10,861
they wrestle with
a few inexpensive latches
181
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that could ruin
a multimillion-dollar rescue.
182
00:10:13,614 --> 00:10:16,241
Finally, Story and I
came up with the idea
183
00:10:16,325 --> 00:10:19,244
that if we took
a ratcheting strap --
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basically, to exert the pressure
185
00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:24,666
on his bottom part
of the door --
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He could do that with one hand
and hold on
187
00:10:26,877 --> 00:10:28,504
and work the latch
with the other hand.
188
00:10:28,587 --> 00:10:30,380
But the ratcheting straps
189
00:10:30,464 --> 00:10:32,674
could do more harm than good.
190
00:10:32,758 --> 00:10:33,675
Problem was,
191
00:10:33,759 --> 00:10:35,969
you can exert
about 2,000 pounds of force
192
00:10:36,053 --> 00:10:36,970
with these things.
193
00:10:37,054 --> 00:10:39,014
Enough to crush Hubble.
194
00:10:40,724 --> 00:10:43,018
Team on the ground
was conflicted
195
00:10:43,101 --> 00:10:46,647
on whether what Story was gonna
do would be safe or not.
196
00:10:46,730 --> 00:10:48,774
I think they had visions
of Hubble collapsing
197
00:10:48,857 --> 00:10:50,817
like, you know,
an aluminum beer can.
198
00:10:51,985 --> 00:10:55,948
Mission Control
can abandon the spacewalk
199
00:10:55,989 --> 00:10:57,491
or allow the astronauts
200
00:10:57,574 --> 00:11:00,702
to improvise on the world's
most expensive telescope.
201
00:11:00,786 --> 00:11:02,162
Cycle it back and forth
202
00:11:02,246 --> 00:11:04,581
and it tends to work
the striker plate through.
203
00:11:06,291 --> 00:11:08,001
I thought, "Well, here we go.
204
00:11:08,085 --> 00:11:09,503
We're gonna start talking
about this,
205
00:11:09,586 --> 00:11:10,587
and we're gonna get behind."
206
00:11:10,671 --> 00:11:12,631
So I made a decision
to go ahead and say,
207
00:11:12,714 --> 00:11:15,217
"We're gonna do
what Story wants to do."
208
00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:18,262
- You are a go to do that, Tom.
- Okay.
209
00:11:18,345 --> 00:11:19,805
I'm putting the come-along on,
210
00:11:19,888 --> 00:11:21,348
Jeff up top, me on the bottom.
211
00:11:21,431 --> 00:11:23,308
We held the doors in alignment.
212
00:11:26,353 --> 00:11:28,230
And then I just moved
the handle.
213
00:11:30,691 --> 00:11:32,734
- All right.
- Whew.
214
00:11:32,818 --> 00:11:33,861
Good job, guys.
215
00:11:33,944 --> 00:11:37,114
Story, if you want to grab
the PRD and get the PA.
216
00:11:37,155 --> 00:11:39,074
Well, let's leave the PRD...
217
00:11:39,157 --> 00:11:41,326
There's no letup for the crew.
218
00:11:41,368 --> 00:11:45,330
Kathy Thornton prepares
for the second EVA.
219
00:11:45,372 --> 00:11:47,791
These were
jam-packed spacewalks.
220
00:11:47,875 --> 00:11:50,252
We had a lot we had to get done.
221
00:11:50,335 --> 00:11:53,547
And they were choreographed
very precisely.
222
00:11:54,506 --> 00:11:58,010
Hubble's solar panels
need to be upgraded.
223
00:11:59,761 --> 00:12:02,389
Thornton has to retract
and remove them,
224
00:12:02,472 --> 00:12:04,308
then install new ones.
225
00:12:04,349 --> 00:12:06,393
Velcro strap on the left door.
226
00:12:06,476 --> 00:12:08,729
But Hubble isn't cooperating.
227
00:12:11,607 --> 00:12:14,359
One of them did not come
all the way in.
228
00:12:14,401 --> 00:12:18,030
We decided we would take it off
and throw it away.
229
00:12:22,075 --> 00:12:23,744
I was to hold on to it
230
00:12:23,827 --> 00:12:25,329
on the end of the arm
until sunrise
231
00:12:25,412 --> 00:12:27,789
so after we let it go,
we would see where it went
232
00:12:27,873 --> 00:12:30,375
and be sure we were separating
from it.
233
00:12:30,459 --> 00:12:33,253
Once again, they're improvising.
234
00:12:33,337 --> 00:12:35,172
If the release goes wrong,
235
00:12:35,214 --> 00:12:38,884
the massive solar panel
could smash into the telescope
236
00:12:38,967 --> 00:12:40,594
or the orbiter.
237
00:12:40,677 --> 00:12:43,055
When the time came
to jettison it...
238
00:12:43,138 --> 00:12:44,640
- You ready?
- Yeah, I'm ready.
239
00:12:44,723 --> 00:12:47,351
Okay, they say you got to go
for release.
240
00:12:47,392 --> 00:12:50,229
...all I did was just let go.
241
00:12:51,313 --> 00:12:54,066
All right, no hands.
242
00:13:00,864 --> 00:13:04,368
Claude pulled me back
on the arm.
243
00:13:04,409 --> 00:13:06,370
There it goes.
244
00:13:06,411 --> 00:13:09,540
Bye-bye.
245
00:13:11,416 --> 00:13:15,045
Pilot Ken Bowersox
fires the shuttle's thrusters
246
00:13:15,128 --> 00:13:18,465
to make sure they're clear
of the solar panel.
247
00:13:20,717 --> 00:13:21,718
And when that happened,
248
00:13:21,802 --> 00:13:25,430
the plume from the orbiter hit
the solar array.
249
00:13:26,557 --> 00:13:31,186
The solar array
started flapping.
250
00:13:32,396 --> 00:13:33,313
It's moving.
251
00:13:33,397 --> 00:13:35,148
It's moving and flapping now,
huh?
252
00:13:35,232 --> 00:13:36,149
To me,
253
00:13:36,233 --> 00:13:40,571
it was like the wings of
a gigantic prehistoric bird.
254
00:13:40,612 --> 00:13:41,822
I was awestruck.
255
00:13:41,905 --> 00:13:43,240
It was beautiful.
256
00:13:43,282 --> 00:13:45,659
I had the best view in the world
on that.
257
00:13:54,376 --> 00:13:55,878
The old solar panel
258
00:13:55,961 --> 00:13:58,130
will continue to orbit
for years,
259
00:13:58,213 --> 00:13:59,882
slowly dropping toward Earth
260
00:13:59,965 --> 00:14:02,426
until it burns up
in the atmosphere.
261
00:14:03,385 --> 00:14:06,346
Thornton installs
the new solar panels,
262
00:14:06,430 --> 00:14:08,640
completing her EVA.
263
00:14:08,724 --> 00:14:12,477
So far, the decision to perform
back-to-back spacewalks
264
00:14:12,519 --> 00:14:14,605
is working.
265
00:14:14,688 --> 00:14:17,441
As each spacewalk was completed,
266
00:14:17,482 --> 00:14:20,861
little grins began to show up
in Mission Control,
267
00:14:20,944 --> 00:14:23,322
which was kind of cool.
268
00:14:24,656 --> 00:14:27,826
But the next two EVAs
are the most critical.
269
00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:30,746
The team will install
two huge devices
270
00:14:30,829 --> 00:14:33,415
to correct Hubble's vision.
271
00:14:34,166 --> 00:14:36,418
The first is a new supercamera
272
00:14:36,502 --> 00:14:40,380
the size of a grand piano,
called WFPC.
273
00:14:40,464 --> 00:14:43,342
It can see to the end
of the universe
274
00:14:43,383 --> 00:14:47,679
and is designed to adjust
for Hubble's faulty opticals.
275
00:14:47,721 --> 00:14:52,184
The process of installing WFPC
is very, very delicate.
276
00:14:52,267 --> 00:14:55,312
This is a very sensitive
optical instrument.
277
00:14:55,395 --> 00:14:57,189
You know, I'm holding on to it.
278
00:14:57,272 --> 00:14:59,733
I bang the instrument,
I could misalign the optics.
279
00:14:59,816 --> 00:15:02,361
- It's beautiful.
- Okay.
280
00:15:09,409 --> 00:15:11,203
Mission Control runs tests
281
00:15:11,286 --> 00:15:13,413
to confirm the camera
is working.
282
00:15:15,666 --> 00:15:19,878
We check all this stuff out
as we repaired it.
283
00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:22,923
We ran what we call
"aliveness check".
284
00:15:23,006 --> 00:15:24,800
They just told us,
285
00:15:24,883 --> 00:15:28,554
"You're just gonna have to wait
for a few minutes."
286
00:15:28,637 --> 00:15:30,806
The first signs are good.
287
00:15:30,889 --> 00:15:34,059
The electronics are responding.
288
00:15:34,643 --> 00:15:35,686
On the next EVA,
289
00:15:35,769 --> 00:15:39,273
Kathy Thornton installs the
most critical optical device,
290
00:15:39,356 --> 00:15:40,941
called COSTAR.
291
00:15:41,024 --> 00:15:43,277
It redirects the light
coming into Hubble
292
00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:46,488
to compensate for the flaw
in its main mirror.
293
00:15:46,572 --> 00:15:47,865
It just slid right in there,
294
00:15:47,906 --> 00:15:49,741
just as smooth as it could be.
295
00:15:49,825 --> 00:15:52,494
And it was --
It was incredible.
296
00:15:54,913 --> 00:15:56,665
It was like,
"This can't be happening.
297
00:15:56,748 --> 00:15:59,209
I must be dreaming this.
Nothing's going wrong.
298
00:15:59,293 --> 00:16:00,627
This can't be Hubble."
299
00:16:02,171 --> 00:16:03,714
The astronauts complete
300
00:16:03,755 --> 00:16:08,051
the most complex repair mission
in history.
301
00:16:10,679 --> 00:16:12,764
People have been
wondering for years
302
00:16:12,848 --> 00:16:15,601
whether we could actually do
this mission.
303
00:16:16,852 --> 00:16:20,439
What we had set out to do,
we had accomplished.
304
00:16:20,522 --> 00:16:23,442
And, boy, we...
305
00:16:23,525 --> 00:16:26,403
It's an incredible feeling.
306
00:16:27,237 --> 00:16:30,782
Hubble can now begin
to gaze deep into the universe
307
00:16:30,866 --> 00:16:32,659
in perfect focus.
308
00:16:32,743 --> 00:16:34,661
We'd done our part.
309
00:16:34,745 --> 00:16:36,914
Now it's gonna be up to
the astronomers and scientists
310
00:16:36,955 --> 00:16:38,582
to do their part.
311
00:16:38,624 --> 00:16:40,667
I could say unequivocally
312
00:16:40,751 --> 00:16:43,212
that if it weren't
for the human space program,
313
00:16:43,295 --> 00:16:45,756
Hubble would be a piece
of orbiting space junk.
314
00:16:52,429 --> 00:16:54,598
Really hard to imagine
315
00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:58,060
how different the space agency
would probably be now
316
00:16:58,143 --> 00:17:00,604
if we hadn't been able
to fix Hubble.
317
00:17:03,357 --> 00:17:07,528
Hubble's rescue
has saved NASA's reputation.
318
00:17:07,611 --> 00:17:08,987
Now it has the confidence
319
00:17:09,029 --> 00:17:11,949
to embark on the most ambitious
construction project
320
00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:16,495
ever attempted --
the International Space Station.
321
00:17:16,578 --> 00:17:18,497
Hubble showed us
322
00:17:18,539 --> 00:17:21,500
that we can do a number
of spacewalks during a mission.
323
00:17:21,583 --> 00:17:23,085
We can do
more than one at a time.
324
00:17:23,168 --> 00:17:24,127
We can do them back-to-back.
325
00:17:24,211 --> 00:17:26,088
We can do them
with two different crews.
326
00:17:26,171 --> 00:17:28,131
And Hubble
was probably the start
327
00:17:28,173 --> 00:17:30,008
of giving us
that extra confidence
328
00:17:30,092 --> 00:17:31,385
to go assemble
the space station.
329
00:17:31,468 --> 00:17:33,428
And so bring it on.
330
00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:48,527
NASA is building
the first city in space.
331
00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:54,491
It lays the foundation for
a base of operations on the moon
332
00:17:54,533 --> 00:17:57,202
and missions to Mars.
333
00:17:57,286 --> 00:18:00,956
Old rivals in the space race
pool their resources
334
00:18:01,039 --> 00:18:05,210
for a project too enormous
for any one country alone.
335
00:18:05,252 --> 00:18:07,171
The Russians had a long history
336
00:18:07,212 --> 00:18:09,006
of long-duration flight
under their belt.
337
00:18:09,047 --> 00:18:10,132
We did not.
338
00:18:10,215 --> 00:18:14,052
And so we hoped to learn some of
the things from the Russians.
339
00:18:14,094 --> 00:18:17,431
U.S. astronauts
must learn to fly their rockets
340
00:18:17,514 --> 00:18:20,851
and work with totally different
space technology.
341
00:18:20,893 --> 00:18:23,604
I'd look across the table
at one of my classmates,
342
00:18:23,687 --> 00:18:27,191
who was, say, a fighter pilot
in the Russian Air Force.
343
00:18:27,232 --> 00:18:31,028
And we trained,
just several years prior,
344
00:18:31,069 --> 00:18:32,779
to shoot each other down.
345
00:18:34,948 --> 00:18:39,077
Now the level
of cooperation is unprecedented.
346
00:18:39,161 --> 00:18:41,538
Interlocking components
are being built
347
00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:43,207
on different sides of the world.
348
00:18:45,042 --> 00:18:48,837
Every measurement requires
extraordinary precision.
349
00:18:50,964 --> 00:18:55,677
It's very difficult to build
pieces of hardware -- modules,
350
00:18:55,761 --> 00:18:58,514
capsules, space shuttles --
in different parts of the world
351
00:18:58,597 --> 00:19:01,350
and have them meet for
the very first time on orbit.
352
00:19:04,811 --> 00:19:07,064
In November 1998,
353
00:19:07,105 --> 00:19:08,982
a Russian rocket blasts off
354
00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:11,318
with the first section
of the space station,
355
00:19:11,401 --> 00:19:14,571
weighing 21 tons.
356
00:19:18,742 --> 00:19:21,620
One month later,
the shuttle Endeavour
357
00:19:21,662 --> 00:19:26,583
carries up the first section
built by NASA, called Unity.
358
00:19:26,625 --> 00:19:29,670
There goes the needle, rolling.
359
00:19:29,753 --> 00:19:32,881
Houston, Discovery,
roll program.
360
00:19:47,271 --> 00:19:50,148
250 miles above the Earth,
361
00:19:50,232 --> 00:19:54,570
Mission Specialist Nancy Currie
uses the shuttle's robotic arm
362
00:19:54,653 --> 00:19:57,364
to bring the two sections
together.
363
00:19:57,447 --> 00:20:02,077
It's the first time
they've ever been connected.
364
00:20:02,161 --> 00:20:05,873
Houston, Endeavour,
we have capture of Zarya.
365
00:20:07,749 --> 00:20:11,253
But the space station
has a long way to go.
366
00:20:13,505 --> 00:20:16,592
It's just a 30-ton metal shell.
367
00:20:17,176 --> 00:20:19,136
Pilot Scott Altman's crew
368
00:20:19,219 --> 00:20:21,513
carries up fixtures
for the interior,
369
00:20:21,555 --> 00:20:24,516
to turn it into a home
for astronauts.
370
00:20:26,894 --> 00:20:29,688
First, they have to rendezvous
and dock
371
00:20:29,771 --> 00:20:32,316
with the rapidly expanding
space station.
372
00:20:36,403 --> 00:20:39,364
It starts out a point
of light in the distance.
373
00:20:39,448 --> 00:20:41,533
And you think,
"It's another star."
374
00:20:41,617 --> 00:20:44,495
It doesn't look any different
than everything else out there.
375
00:20:44,536 --> 00:20:46,622
But as you get closer
and closer,
376
00:20:46,705 --> 00:20:48,665
you start to be able
to break out detail.
377
00:20:48,749 --> 00:20:51,210
And you realize it's a place.
378
00:20:53,045 --> 00:20:55,672
The space station
is already the size
379
00:20:55,714 --> 00:20:57,758
of a 10-story building.
380
00:20:57,841 --> 00:21:00,552
Docking the shuttle
is too precise a maneuver
381
00:21:00,594 --> 00:21:02,846
for its automatic pilot.
382
00:21:02,888 --> 00:21:05,516
It takes an astronaut's skill.
383
00:21:06,475 --> 00:21:09,561
Everything is going so slow,
it seems like, for a while.
384
00:21:09,645 --> 00:21:12,731
But the gains go up, and it
feels like the speed goes up.
385
00:21:12,814 --> 00:21:15,192
Your heart rate goes up
as you're coming in close,
386
00:21:15,234 --> 00:21:18,862
and critical firings until
you get that final contact.
387
00:21:18,946 --> 00:21:21,657
And the two vehicles
kind of brush into each other.
388
00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:25,369
And you see one of
your crewmates call, "Contact".
389
00:21:26,537 --> 00:21:28,539
Houston,
we have a capture light.
390
00:21:31,375 --> 00:21:32,876
Altman and his crew
391
00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:35,546
outfit the space station's
interior.
392
00:21:36,797 --> 00:21:39,466
We were like the finish
carpenters for a house,
393
00:21:39,550 --> 00:21:42,177
where you go up
and you do all the final work
394
00:21:42,261 --> 00:21:43,929
to make it ready
for human habitation.
395
00:21:44,012 --> 00:21:46,932
We ran electrical lines.
We turned on the lights.
396
00:21:46,974 --> 00:21:48,308
I installed the toilet.
397
00:21:48,392 --> 00:21:50,269
Very glamorous things like that.
398
00:21:52,479 --> 00:21:56,567
When complete, there
will be 15 pressurized modules
399
00:21:56,650 --> 00:21:58,443
for living and working
400
00:21:58,527 --> 00:22:02,197
and an observation area
with seven large windows.
401
00:22:02,948 --> 00:22:05,159
On the shuttle's next mission,
402
00:22:05,242 --> 00:22:08,287
Mike Lopez-Alegria
test-drives a jetpack
403
00:22:08,370 --> 00:22:12,708
that will enable residents to
work safely outside the station.
404
00:22:14,710 --> 00:22:16,211
You open the hatch,
405
00:22:16,295 --> 00:22:20,632
and the planet Earth going by
your feet at 5 miles a second.
406
00:22:22,926 --> 00:22:25,470
In the middle of a spacewalk,
flying around
407
00:22:25,554 --> 00:22:30,684
at 17,500 miles an hour,
or 20,000 kilometers an hour,
408
00:22:30,767 --> 00:22:35,105
and let go of the spacecraft
and just fly along with it.
409
00:22:37,983 --> 00:22:38,859
It's beautiful.
410
00:22:48,452 --> 00:22:52,915
With no sensation
of speed in the vacuum of space,
411
00:22:52,998 --> 00:22:55,417
Mike L-A drifts away
from the shuttle
412
00:22:55,501 --> 00:22:58,545
250 miles above
the Florida Keys.
413
00:22:58,629 --> 00:23:02,341
I think the first
instinct is amazing, massive,
414
00:23:02,424 --> 00:23:05,969
yet fragile thing
that you're flying around,
415
00:23:06,011 --> 00:23:08,013
that's where you just came from.
416
00:23:08,096 --> 00:23:10,849
That's where everything
that you know about
417
00:23:10,891 --> 00:23:13,977
and have ever experienced
all lives,
418
00:23:14,061 --> 00:23:16,146
and you're not there anymore.
419
00:23:17,773 --> 00:23:20,442
The jetpack is a success.
420
00:23:20,526 --> 00:23:24,154
It shows how far the art
of spacewalking has come
421
00:23:24,238 --> 00:23:26,406
since Ed White and Gene Cernan
422
00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:28,784
first left
their Gemini capsules.
423
00:23:28,867 --> 00:23:31,703
Today I watch these kids
flying the EVAs.
424
00:23:31,745 --> 00:23:34,623
And they get out there,
that's part of their repertoire.
425
00:23:34,706 --> 00:23:37,042
They'll do it five, six,
seven hours at a time.
426
00:23:37,125 --> 00:23:39,086
I was just glad
to get 20 minutes.
427
00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:48,053
Just two weeks
428
00:23:48,136 --> 00:23:51,473
after Mike L-A's
extraordinary spacewalk,
429
00:23:51,557 --> 00:23:54,893
astronaut Bill Shepherd
and two Russian cosmonauts
430
00:23:54,935 --> 00:23:56,395
prepare for the next mission.
431
00:23:56,979 --> 00:23:58,730
They will be the first crew
432
00:23:58,772 --> 00:24:01,400
to live long-term
on the space station.
433
00:24:12,911 --> 00:24:15,414
The Soyuz spacecraft
434
00:24:15,497 --> 00:24:17,541
has none of the comforts
of the shuttle.
435
00:24:18,083 --> 00:24:21,545
Unlike the shuttle,
it can only fly once.
436
00:24:26,008 --> 00:24:30,512
Every day in orbit, they fly the
distance of a trip to the moon.
437
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:36,435
The International Space Station
438
00:24:36,518 --> 00:24:39,438
is starting to take shape
inside and out.
439
00:24:39,521 --> 00:24:43,066
Projected to cost $ 157 billion,
440
00:24:43,150 --> 00:24:46,653
it's the most expensive object
ever built by man.
441
00:24:48,989 --> 00:24:52,618
A new crew takes up residence
every three to four months.
442
00:24:52,701 --> 00:24:56,121
Each brings more building blocks
and more supplies.
443
00:24:59,458 --> 00:25:00,751
There's stuff everywhere.
444
00:25:00,792 --> 00:25:02,753
There are experiments
and laptops and tethers
445
00:25:02,794 --> 00:25:05,506
and electrical cords
and Velcro patches.
446
00:25:06,965 --> 00:25:09,927
A wonderful place
to live and work.
447
00:25:10,802 --> 00:25:13,013
Throughout 2002,
448
00:25:13,096 --> 00:25:15,516
the pace of construction
speeds up.
449
00:25:15,599 --> 00:25:18,393
Commander Ken Bowersox
and his crew
450
00:25:18,477 --> 00:25:20,562
will install a central truss.
451
00:25:20,646 --> 00:25:23,815
It's the foundation
for all future expansion
452
00:25:23,857 --> 00:25:24,983
of the space station.
453
00:25:25,067 --> 00:25:26,944
Now it's real.
454
00:25:26,985 --> 00:25:29,446
It's not just training anymore.
This is a real mission.
455
00:25:29,488 --> 00:25:30,948
It's a real flight.
456
00:25:30,989 --> 00:25:33,075
7... 6...
457
00:25:33,158 --> 00:25:34,535
Go for main engines.
458
00:25:36,245 --> 00:25:37,913
That's the preliminary signal
459
00:25:37,996 --> 00:25:40,332
that something really great
is about to happen.
460
00:25:40,415 --> 00:25:43,126
But the best one is when
the solid rocket boosters light.
461
00:25:48,757 --> 00:25:51,009
You feel this kick in your back
462
00:25:51,093 --> 00:25:53,262
that the vehicle
has jumped off the pad.
463
00:25:57,140 --> 00:25:59,893
And lift-off
of space shuttle Endeavour.
464
00:25:59,977 --> 00:26:01,979
Another building block
for the foundation
465
00:26:02,062 --> 00:26:04,481
of the International
Space Station.
466
00:26:05,607 --> 00:26:07,150
And off you go into space.
467
00:26:12,447 --> 00:26:13,991
Welcome to station.
468
00:26:14,032 --> 00:26:15,951
Yeah.
Bolshoi spasiba.
469
00:26:16,034 --> 00:26:17,494
Great job.
Congratulations.
470
00:26:17,578 --> 00:26:18,620
Thank you.
471
00:26:18,704 --> 00:26:19,830
Very nice docking.
472
00:26:19,872 --> 00:26:21,039
Beautiful.
473
00:26:21,123 --> 00:26:22,666
Good to see you.
474
00:26:24,001 --> 00:26:25,043
Come in.
475
00:26:25,127 --> 00:26:26,879
All right.
476
00:26:26,962 --> 00:26:28,463
Let's go in!
477
00:26:35,971 --> 00:26:39,600
Bowersox and his crew
load in their gear and supplies.
478
00:26:40,767 --> 00:26:44,354
The current crew will head home
on the same shuttle.
479
00:26:45,564 --> 00:26:47,983
This is a very important day
in the life of station
480
00:26:48,066 --> 00:26:51,528
and in the lives
of all the crew members here.
481
00:26:53,071 --> 00:26:56,617
The Expedition Five crew
has done tremendous work.
482
00:26:56,700 --> 00:27:01,413
I only hope that my crew --
Don, Nikolai, and I --
483
00:27:01,455 --> 00:27:03,832
will be able to work as well
over the next four
484
00:27:03,916 --> 00:27:06,877
or however many months
we end up living on station.
485
00:27:07,961 --> 00:27:09,713
Hopefully, more than four.
486
00:27:10,255 --> 00:27:11,590
When Endeavour leaves,
487
00:27:11,632 --> 00:27:13,717
the Bowersox crew
is alone in space
488
00:27:13,759 --> 00:27:17,221
until the next shuttle arrives
to take them home.
489
00:27:17,304 --> 00:27:20,057
Houston, physical separation.
490
00:27:22,559 --> 00:27:24,144
Endeavour departing.
491
00:27:24,228 --> 00:27:26,605
We wish you a safe landing.
492
00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,944
Endeavour, Houston, you are
on glide slope, on center line.
493
00:27:49,628 --> 00:27:51,296
Main gear touchdown.
494
00:27:55,592 --> 00:27:58,303
We're rolling out on Runway 33
at the Kennedy Space Center,
495
00:27:58,387 --> 00:28:01,348
wrapping up
a 5.7 million-mile mission,
496
00:28:01,431 --> 00:28:03,308
bringing home
the Expedition Five crew
497
00:28:03,350 --> 00:28:05,435
after more than a half year
in space.
498
00:28:09,231 --> 00:28:11,984
With Ken Bowersox
on the space station,
499
00:28:12,025 --> 00:28:16,321
2003 is scheduled to be
the shuttle's busiest year yet.
500
00:28:16,363 --> 00:28:19,992
But first, Columbia flies
a special science mission.
501
00:28:20,534 --> 00:28:23,579
Unlike the majority
of space-shuttle missions now,
502
00:28:23,662 --> 00:28:25,581
which are space-station assembly
503
00:28:25,664 --> 00:28:28,000
where they're doing
essentially heavy construction,
504
00:28:28,083 --> 00:28:33,046
Columbia STS-107 mission
was a dedicated science mission.
505
00:28:33,130 --> 00:28:34,840
Laurel Clark.
506
00:28:34,882 --> 00:28:38,051
Mission specialist
on her first flight.
507
00:28:38,135 --> 00:28:41,680
I'd seen other shuttle launches,
but it was a personal launch,
508
00:28:41,763 --> 00:28:43,015
'cause my wife was on it.
509
00:28:43,056 --> 00:28:44,516
And there's some TV monitors.
510
00:28:44,558 --> 00:28:46,602
A few days before launch,
511
00:28:46,685 --> 00:28:49,813
Laurel Clark makes a home movie
for their son, Ian.
512
00:28:49,897 --> 00:28:50,731
Say hi.
513
00:28:50,814 --> 00:28:52,816
Hi, Ian Blair.
I love you.
514
00:28:52,858 --> 00:28:54,860
I'll see you soon.
It won't be that long.
515
00:28:54,902 --> 00:28:57,696
You can actually see "Columbia"
on the side of the vehicle.
516
00:28:57,738 --> 00:29:00,782
Laurel's role in this
mission was mission specialist,
517
00:29:00,866 --> 00:29:03,494
and their job is basically
to run the experiments.
518
00:29:03,535 --> 00:29:05,871
Streaming past the commander
and the pilot.
519
00:29:05,954 --> 00:29:07,372
Hi, Ian!
520
00:29:07,414 --> 00:29:09,875
So, whoever else
is watching this,
521
00:29:09,958 --> 00:29:12,002
this is the external tank
back here.
522
00:29:12,085 --> 00:29:13,879
Main engines are way down.
523
00:29:13,962 --> 00:29:16,381
You can't see them, but that's
where the lines go into.
524
00:29:16,465 --> 00:29:17,716
Oh, my gosh.
525
00:29:19,635 --> 00:29:23,013
Columbia's commander
is Rick Husband.
526
00:29:23,055 --> 00:29:26,099
The commander's role is to be
the leader of the crew.
527
00:29:26,183 --> 00:29:27,893
But it's also one
that facilitates
528
00:29:27,976 --> 00:29:29,728
the cohesion of the group.
529
00:29:29,770 --> 00:29:32,105
And our astronauts
coming out now.
530
00:29:32,189 --> 00:29:33,941
I talked to him on the phone
531
00:29:34,024 --> 00:29:36,735
the morning of the mission,
and he was very excited.
532
00:29:36,818 --> 00:29:40,322
The weather was absolutely
beautiful and perfect.
533
00:29:40,405 --> 00:29:44,034
Commander Rick Husband and
Mission Specialist Laurel Clark.
534
00:29:44,076 --> 00:29:47,913
And you can see Husband
climbing in.
535
00:29:48,622 --> 00:29:52,334
Somewhat difficult.
Cramped quarters there.
536
00:29:52,417 --> 00:29:54,628
David Brown and Laurel Clark
537
00:29:54,711 --> 00:29:56,588
as they await their turn
to get on the vehicle.
538
00:29:56,672 --> 00:29:57,756
Welcome aboard, Rick.
539
00:29:57,840 --> 00:29:59,633
Thank you very much.
Good morning, Jim.
540
00:29:59,716 --> 00:30:03,095
10... 9... 8... 7...
541
00:30:03,178 --> 00:30:04,888
We have a go
for main engine start.
542
00:30:04,930 --> 00:30:09,393
... 5... 4... 3... 2... 1.
543
00:30:09,476 --> 00:30:12,396
We have booster ignition
and lift-off
544
00:30:12,437 --> 00:30:15,190
of space shuttle Columbia
with a multitude of national
545
00:30:15,274 --> 00:30:18,318
and international
space-research experiments.
546
00:30:19,278 --> 00:30:21,572
Houston now controlling
the flight of Columbia.
547
00:30:21,613 --> 00:30:25,075
The international research
mission finally under way.
548
00:30:25,117 --> 00:30:27,286
Roger. Roll, Columbia.
549
00:30:27,369 --> 00:30:29,163
I was not nearly as anxious
550
00:30:29,246 --> 00:30:31,582
watching Rick launch into space
the second time
551
00:30:31,623 --> 00:30:34,293
because it was an experience
I had already had.
552
00:30:34,376 --> 00:30:35,752
But I was very keenly aware
553
00:30:35,794 --> 00:30:38,881
of the exact moment
when Challenger broke apart.
554
00:30:39,590 --> 00:30:42,551
Columbia, Houston,
you're go at throttle up.
555
00:30:45,220 --> 00:30:46,555
You know, that time frame
556
00:30:46,638 --> 00:30:48,932
is forever embedded
in people's memories.
557
00:30:48,974 --> 00:30:49,975
The "throttle up" call
558
00:30:50,017 --> 00:30:51,643
acknowledged
by Commander Rick Husband.
559
00:30:51,727 --> 00:30:53,896
And even now,
there's a sense of relief
560
00:30:53,979 --> 00:30:55,606
when you get past that point.
561
00:30:55,689 --> 00:30:57,691
But people need to understand
562
00:30:57,774 --> 00:31:00,152
that space flight
is risky business.
563
00:31:02,488 --> 00:31:03,822
That's firm.
564
00:31:03,864 --> 00:31:06,158
Got that. Off staging.
565
00:31:19,463 --> 00:31:20,464
I was very excited for Rick
566
00:31:20,547 --> 00:31:23,300
and also knew that he would
orbit the earth at least once
567
00:31:23,342 --> 00:31:25,177
before we would get back
to our hotel.
568
00:31:26,428 --> 00:31:29,056
We're gonna do 1.50,
the orbiter up.
569
00:31:29,139 --> 00:31:31,308
Dave Brown there on the right.
570
00:31:31,350 --> 00:31:33,310
The entire cargo bay
571
00:31:33,352 --> 00:31:35,687
is filled
with one large work area,
572
00:31:35,729 --> 00:31:38,607
outfitted as a laboratory
in space.
573
00:31:38,690 --> 00:31:43,028
STS-107 will conduct
over 30 basic experiments
574
00:31:43,070 --> 00:31:44,988
only possible in space.
575
00:31:46,031 --> 00:31:48,075
Their mission
was a science mission.
576
00:31:48,158 --> 00:31:49,535
They had the earth science
577
00:31:49,576 --> 00:31:53,163
and the physical science,
and they had life sciences --
578
00:31:53,205 --> 00:31:56,458
growing cells and testing
various things on them.
579
00:31:58,710 --> 00:32:02,464
My wife's involvement
was with cancer-cell growth.
580
00:32:02,548 --> 00:32:05,050
Insert the cartridge
that she has filled...
581
00:32:05,133 --> 00:32:07,636
Each of the crew that
had one of these experiments
582
00:32:07,719 --> 00:32:08,804
to be responsible for --
583
00:32:08,887 --> 00:32:10,556
They were always very excited
about that.
584
00:32:20,732 --> 00:32:22,568
I'm in a unique position
585
00:32:22,651 --> 00:32:26,321
because I work both as a
flight surgeon and as a spouse.
586
00:32:26,405 --> 00:32:27,781
One week before the landing,
587
00:32:27,865 --> 00:32:30,367
I worked a shift
on Saturday morning.
588
00:32:30,409 --> 00:32:32,661
And I remember going through
the logbooks
589
00:32:32,744 --> 00:32:36,039
and seeing all those concerns
about a foam strike.
590
00:32:40,460 --> 00:32:42,421
It's standard procedure
591
00:32:42,462 --> 00:32:45,591
to film every shuttle launch
with high-speed cameras.
592
00:32:52,764 --> 00:32:55,350
Two cameras picked up images
593
00:32:55,434 --> 00:32:57,603
that looked very suspicious.
594
00:32:57,686 --> 00:32:59,438
There was an object
that came off.
595
00:32:59,521 --> 00:33:04,860
The vehicle struck it, and there
was a plume that was generated.
596
00:33:07,196 --> 00:33:09,781
Some people said,
"Oh, it's probably just foam.
597
00:33:09,865 --> 00:33:11,492
And how bad is foam?"
598
00:33:11,575 --> 00:33:14,786
You know, it wouldn't be
that much of a concern.
599
00:33:14,828 --> 00:33:17,623
Much like you hit a
Styrofoam block on the highway.
600
00:33:19,958 --> 00:33:22,169
The crew is told the foam strike
601
00:33:22,252 --> 00:33:24,129
is not a cause for concern.
602
00:33:24,171 --> 00:33:26,381
Life goes on aboard Columbia.
603
00:33:27,799 --> 00:33:30,177
Orbiting 100 miles above them,
604
00:33:30,260 --> 00:33:33,305
Ken Bowersox
is entering his 14th week
605
00:33:33,388 --> 00:33:35,891
living on
the lnternational Space Station.
606
00:33:35,974 --> 00:33:38,727
We'd already
been there a couple months.
607
00:33:38,810 --> 00:33:41,647
The atmosphere got very quiet
aboard the station,
608
00:33:41,688 --> 00:33:45,651
because you could tell that the
ground was focusing on Columbia
609
00:33:45,734 --> 00:33:49,196
and not really thinking as much
about the space station.
610
00:33:51,990 --> 00:33:55,702
We knew that as soon
as Columbia was finished,
611
00:33:55,786 --> 00:33:58,413
the spotlight was gonna swing
back to space station
612
00:33:58,497 --> 00:34:00,040
and things were gonna get
very busy
613
00:34:00,123 --> 00:34:02,125
as we prepared
for the next few weeks
614
00:34:02,167 --> 00:34:03,877
for the upcoming shuttle flight
615
00:34:03,961 --> 00:34:05,462
that was supposed to
bring us home.
616
00:34:06,421 --> 00:34:08,465
Hey, batter, batter, batter,
batter, batter, batter.
617
00:34:08,549 --> 00:34:10,342
Z ero-G baseball.
618
00:34:12,177 --> 00:34:15,097
Good morning, Ken.
Good morning, Laurel.
619
00:34:15,180 --> 00:34:19,226
We did have one chance
to make radio contact
620
00:34:19,309 --> 00:34:22,020
with the Columbia crew,
and that was really great.
621
00:34:22,062 --> 00:34:25,399
We were able to talk with the
crew that was up at the time.
622
00:34:25,482 --> 00:34:27,943
That was Rick Husband
and Laurel Clark.
623
00:34:28,026 --> 00:34:30,612
We were talking business
and science experiments.
624
00:34:30,696 --> 00:34:32,322
Laurel said, "We don't
want to talk about that.
625
00:34:32,406 --> 00:34:34,283
Let's talk about families.
How are they doing?"
626
00:34:34,366 --> 00:34:36,994
Yes, we're
showing hills on PJ 1-19.
627
00:34:37,035 --> 00:34:39,663
After 16 days in space,
628
00:34:39,705 --> 00:34:42,708
the crew on Columbia
finishes up their experiments
629
00:34:42,791 --> 00:34:44,835
and prepares to come home.
630
00:34:44,877 --> 00:34:47,337
The mission had been
an incredible success.
631
00:34:47,379 --> 00:34:50,132
They had achieved
every experiment,
632
00:34:50,215 --> 00:34:51,842
every task
that had been given them.
633
00:34:51,925 --> 00:34:54,303
Everything went extremely well.
634
00:34:54,386 --> 00:34:56,763
So we were incredibly proud
of them, very excited.
635
00:34:56,847 --> 00:35:00,517
Yes, we're
showing hills on PJ 1-19.
636
00:35:00,559 --> 00:35:03,061
Once we get done
with the orbit prep.
637
00:35:03,103 --> 00:35:06,732
Hey, Rick, thanks for that
tagup, and we concur with all.
638
00:35:06,815 --> 00:35:08,734
It takes a lot of time
639
00:35:08,817 --> 00:35:10,736
to get the space shuttle ready
to come down.
640
00:35:10,777 --> 00:35:13,572
There's a 3-hour time period
after we first wake up
641
00:35:13,655 --> 00:35:15,616
that's just involved
with housekeeping,
642
00:35:15,699 --> 00:35:18,410
cleaning up everything, having
breakfast, having some coffee,
643
00:35:18,494 --> 00:35:19,912
and all of those kinds
of things.
644
00:35:19,953 --> 00:35:22,247
Meanwhile, you're hoping
that the weather
645
00:35:22,331 --> 00:35:25,542
down at your landing site
is going to be suitable
646
00:35:25,584 --> 00:35:27,294
to let you come in
and land that day.
647
00:35:27,377 --> 00:35:29,880
Come in at Runway 33 end
of the Shuttle Landing Facility
648
00:35:29,963 --> 00:35:31,548
or the Runway 15 end.
649
00:35:31,590 --> 00:35:33,842
For every launch
and every landing,
650
00:35:33,926 --> 00:35:37,846
we fly the 238 and just check
real time with the weather
651
00:35:37,930 --> 00:35:40,766
so that they know, "Here's what
you can expect for a landing."
652
00:35:40,849 --> 00:35:42,851
All ready.
653
00:35:42,935 --> 00:35:44,186
The good news about this flight
654
00:35:44,269 --> 00:35:47,481
was that the landing and the
launch were at reasonable times.
655
00:35:48,273 --> 00:35:50,567
Columbia, Houston, good burn.
656
00:35:50,609 --> 00:35:51,944
No trim required.
657
00:35:52,653 --> 00:35:54,947
Leroy Cain
is the flight director
658
00:35:54,988 --> 00:35:56,907
in Mission Control.
659
00:35:56,949 --> 00:35:59,034
No problem.
Okay.
660
00:35:59,117 --> 00:36:02,454
You want the whole thing
or just the catch?
661
00:36:02,496 --> 00:36:06,291
Inside Columbia,
Laurel Clark films the crew
662
00:36:06,333 --> 00:36:08,794
as the orbiter slows down
for reentry.
663
00:36:11,213 --> 00:36:15,843
So you're gonna hit the air
going 17,500 miles an hour.
664
00:36:15,926 --> 00:36:17,594
Tell me when there's good stuff.
665
00:36:17,636 --> 00:36:19,179
There's nothing to look at
right now.
666
00:36:19,263 --> 00:36:23,100
You cannot believe
the speed out the window.
667
00:36:23,851 --> 00:36:26,228
It's fantastically fast.
668
00:36:26,311 --> 00:36:28,438
You cannot have a bumpy ride
in a shuttle.
669
00:36:28,480 --> 00:36:30,566
It cannot do that.
It'll lose control.
670
00:36:30,649 --> 00:36:32,025
So the shuttle cannot be bumpy.
671
00:36:32,109 --> 00:36:33,610
Go ahead and make sure you check
672
00:36:33,694 --> 00:36:35,654
your suit pressure integrity,
too.
673
00:36:35,696 --> 00:36:37,489
I don't have my gloves on yet.
674
00:36:37,573 --> 00:36:38,782
Yep, yep, yep, yep.
675
00:36:38,824 --> 00:36:40,450
And you can tell
676
00:36:40,492 --> 00:36:43,036
when you start hitting
the Earth's atmosphere,
677
00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:45,664
because you'll start to see
a little bit of a glow
678
00:36:45,747 --> 00:36:46,790
outside your window.
679
00:36:46,874 --> 00:36:48,584
It's white-hot outside.
680
00:36:48,667 --> 00:36:50,669
It's just as bright as day.
681
00:36:50,752 --> 00:36:54,715
And the air outside
is 9,000 degrees.
682
00:36:54,798 --> 00:36:57,217
Well, that's hotter
than the surface of the sun.
683
00:36:57,301 --> 00:36:58,760
This is amazing.
684
00:36:58,844 --> 00:37:00,929
It's really getting
fairly bright out there.
685
00:37:01,013 --> 00:37:03,849
Yeah, you definitely
don't want to be outside now.
686
00:37:04,433 --> 00:37:08,103
Peak temperatures
last about 10 minutes.
687
00:37:08,187 --> 00:37:10,480
Unlike earlier NASA spacecraft,
688
00:37:10,522 --> 00:37:13,984
satellites relay communications
to the ground
689
00:37:14,067 --> 00:37:16,820
so the shuttle doesn't
experience radio blackout
690
00:37:16,862 --> 00:37:18,989
during reentry.
691
00:37:19,031 --> 00:37:22,493
And as the clock
counted down the minutes,
692
00:37:22,576 --> 00:37:24,119
we began to anticipate
693
00:37:24,203 --> 00:37:26,163
what direction
the shuttle was gonna land.
694
00:37:26,246 --> 00:37:28,040
Columbia is right on track
695
00:37:28,123 --> 00:37:29,791
toward a landing
at the Kennedy Space Center
696
00:37:29,875 --> 00:37:32,294
at 8:16 a.m. Central.
697
00:37:32,377 --> 00:37:35,297
And there's actually a lot
of just excitement.
698
00:37:35,380 --> 00:37:38,217
And, gosh, we can hardly wait
to be with our loved ones.
699
00:37:39,551 --> 00:37:41,178
I've got "16" written here.
700
00:37:41,261 --> 00:37:42,763
Yeah, 22, 10, 16.
701
00:37:42,846 --> 00:37:44,264
Yeah, 22, 10, 16.
702
00:37:45,057 --> 00:37:48,060
Houston, we'll get
to 304 in five minutes.
703
00:37:48,143 --> 00:37:50,854
Rick, we're ready for ops 304.
704
00:37:57,402 --> 00:38:00,197
Everything appears routine
705
00:38:00,239 --> 00:38:03,075
until about 17 minutes
before landing.
706
00:38:07,079 --> 00:38:07,996
EECOM?
707
00:38:08,080 --> 00:38:09,748
F Yl, I've just lost
708
00:38:09,832 --> 00:38:13,293
four separate
temperature transducers
709
00:38:13,377 --> 00:38:14,753
on the left side
of the vehicle --
710
00:38:14,795 --> 00:38:16,880
the hydraulic return
temperature.
711
00:38:16,964 --> 00:38:20,092
And then, all of a sudden,
you're getting communication
712
00:38:20,175 --> 00:38:21,760
that I'd never heard before.
713
00:38:21,844 --> 00:38:22,761
Columbia, Houston.
714
00:38:22,845 --> 00:38:25,472
We see your tire-pressure
messages, and we did not --
715
00:38:25,556 --> 00:38:27,099
Is it instrumentation, Max?
716
00:38:27,182 --> 00:38:28,892
Max, those are also off.
717
00:38:28,934 --> 00:38:30,143
Roger.
718
00:38:33,105 --> 00:38:34,565
I knew right away
719
00:38:34,606 --> 00:38:36,358
there was something unusual
about it.
720
00:38:36,441 --> 00:38:38,861
The communication that said
the tire-pressure alarm
721
00:38:38,944 --> 00:38:39,903
had gone off.
722
00:38:39,945 --> 00:38:41,738
Flight EECOM.
EECOM.
723
00:38:41,780 --> 00:38:44,032
I've got four temperature
sensors on the bottom-line data
724
00:38:44,116 --> 00:38:45,742
that are off-scale low.
725
00:38:46,994 --> 00:38:48,954
We train for low tire pressure
726
00:38:48,996 --> 00:38:51,415
over and over again
in the simulators.
727
00:38:51,456 --> 00:38:53,959
We train
for these contingencies.
728
00:38:54,626 --> 00:38:57,963
Columbia, Houston.
UHF com check.
729
00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:03,302
And the Cap Com
trying to call the shuttle,
730
00:39:03,343 --> 00:39:06,430
and all you heard was,
"Com check, com check."
731
00:39:06,513 --> 00:39:08,932
Columbia, Houston.
Com check.
732
00:39:10,142 --> 00:39:12,186
- Flight, FIDO.
- Go.
733
00:39:12,269 --> 00:39:13,937
121/2 minutes to touchdown,
734
00:39:13,979 --> 00:39:17,316
according to clocks
in Mission Control.
735
00:39:17,357 --> 00:39:21,445
And I remember watching
the clock count down to zero.
736
00:39:21,487 --> 00:39:25,449
There was no sonic boom,
no landing.
737
00:39:25,491 --> 00:39:26,658
And we all stood there
738
00:39:26,742 --> 00:39:30,996
in absolute sickening,
surreal silence,
739
00:39:31,038 --> 00:39:33,165
knowing that something
was wrong.
740
00:39:33,248 --> 00:39:35,667
Flight, I'd like
to stay where we're at.
741
00:39:36,919 --> 00:39:39,630
See them go erratic for a little
bit before they went away,
742
00:39:39,671 --> 00:39:41,507
so I do believe
it's instrumentation.
743
00:39:41,548 --> 00:39:43,008
Okay.
744
00:39:43,050 --> 00:39:45,302
FIDO, when are you
expecting tracking?
745
00:39:45,344 --> 00:39:47,304
One minute to go, Flight.
746
00:39:48,013 --> 00:39:50,682
I can remember just getting
747
00:39:50,766 --> 00:39:53,685
that kind of shaking,
"Oh, no" feeling.
748
00:39:54,603 --> 00:39:57,648
But also, the first thing
that went through my mind
749
00:39:57,689 --> 00:40:01,318
was, you know,
a flashback to Challenger.
750
00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:04,363
We do not have
any valid data at this time.
751
00:40:07,032 --> 00:40:08,158
Okay.
752
00:40:13,038 --> 00:40:15,833
I had a key
to the flight-surgeon office,
753
00:40:15,874 --> 00:40:17,709
and I turned the TV on.
754
00:40:17,751 --> 00:40:21,171
And, of course,
there was a Dallas TV station
755
00:40:21,213 --> 00:40:24,424
that had video footage,
I mean, almost instantly.
756
00:40:26,718 --> 00:40:29,179
And you can see the streak
757
00:40:29,221 --> 00:40:32,766
and then multiple streaks
and then, like, a starburst.
758
00:40:37,688 --> 00:40:39,731
Okay.
No more false hope.
759
00:40:39,815 --> 00:40:41,692
No more wishful thinking.
760
00:40:41,733 --> 00:40:43,193
This is over.
761
00:40:53,579 --> 00:40:54,663
GC, Flight.
762
00:40:54,746 --> 00:40:55,789
Flight, GC.
763
00:40:55,873 --> 00:40:57,291
- Lock the doors.
- Copy.
764
00:40:57,374 --> 00:41:01,920
No phone calls off-site,
outside of this room.
765
00:41:02,004 --> 00:41:03,463
Our discussions
are on these loops,
766
00:41:03,547 --> 00:41:05,340
on the recorded DVIS loops only.
767
00:41:13,307 --> 00:41:15,350
Wreckage from Columbia
768
00:41:15,434 --> 00:41:19,563
is found in Texas, Louisiana,
and Arkansas.
769
00:41:20,439 --> 00:41:25,569
NASA's investigation concludes
the foam strike is the cause.
770
00:41:31,241 --> 00:41:35,621
It knocked a hole in it
as big as a bowling ball.
771
00:41:37,831 --> 00:41:39,917
The only thing
that would've saved Columbia
772
00:41:39,958 --> 00:41:42,419
is someone looking at the strike
773
00:41:42,461 --> 00:41:44,463
and saying,
"Something got hurt."
774
00:41:45,464 --> 00:41:47,883
For 16 days,
they stayed in space,
775
00:41:47,966 --> 00:41:51,553
going around and around with
this huge hole in their wing.
776
00:41:52,638 --> 00:41:54,598
These people had no chance.
777
00:41:55,807 --> 00:41:57,392
The shuttle is grounded
778
00:41:57,476 --> 00:41:59,686
during NASA's investigation.
779
00:41:59,770 --> 00:42:03,273
Ken Bowersox and his crew
remain on the space station
780
00:42:03,357 --> 00:42:06,777
until the Russians can launch
a rescue mission.
781
00:42:07,319 --> 00:42:08,695
We needed to come home
782
00:42:08,779 --> 00:42:11,907
aboard a Russian Soyuz
space capsule,
783
00:42:11,990 --> 00:42:14,660
rather than coming home
aboard the shuttle.
784
00:42:14,743 --> 00:42:18,205
The hardest thing was
the physical part of grieving.
785
00:42:18,288 --> 00:42:20,165
It just takes a while
to work through everything
786
00:42:20,207 --> 00:42:22,000
that you need to work through.
787
00:42:29,091 --> 00:42:30,717
It's 21/2 years
788
00:42:30,801 --> 00:42:33,512
before the shuttle
returns to space.
789
00:42:34,847 --> 00:42:40,477
Eileen Collins is the commander
of Discovery for STS-114.
790
00:42:40,561 --> 00:42:42,354
This is shuttle launch control,
791
00:42:42,396 --> 00:42:44,982
where we see
the STS-114 astronauts.
792
00:42:45,023 --> 00:42:47,151
We lost seven
of our dear friends.
793
00:42:47,234 --> 00:42:49,444
Terrible tragedy
that's very hard for me
794
00:42:49,528 --> 00:42:51,655
to go back and relive.
795
00:42:52,948 --> 00:42:55,576
Some people said, "We don't want
to risk astronauts' lives.
796
00:42:55,659 --> 00:42:57,119
We need to stop doing this."
797
00:42:57,202 --> 00:42:58,704
The astronauts
don't feel that way.
798
00:42:58,787 --> 00:43:00,539
On behalf of
the many millions of people
799
00:43:00,622 --> 00:43:02,666
who believe so deeply
in what we do,
800
00:43:02,749 --> 00:43:04,877
good luck, Godspeed,
and have a little fun up there.
801
00:43:06,211 --> 00:43:08,046
We fly for our country.
802
00:43:08,088 --> 00:43:09,882
We fly for humanity.
803
00:43:09,965 --> 00:43:12,885
We fly for exploration.
We fly for a variety of reasons.
804
00:43:12,926 --> 00:43:16,555
And we don't stop flying
because we have accidents.
805
00:43:37,576 --> 00:43:40,204
Lift-off
of space shuttle Discovery,
806
00:43:40,287 --> 00:43:45,125
beginning America's new journey
to the moon, Mars, and beyond.
807
00:43:49,671 --> 00:43:52,966
The Columbia disaster
adds a new procedure
808
00:43:53,050 --> 00:43:54,718
to the shuttle flight plan.
809
00:43:55,928 --> 00:43:59,264
Discovery flips 360 degrees,
810
00:43:59,306 --> 00:44:01,266
allowing the crew
in the space station
811
00:44:01,308 --> 00:44:03,685
to inspect for damaged tiles.
812
00:44:04,811 --> 00:44:08,607
I did think about the
Columbia crew every single day.
813
00:44:08,649 --> 00:44:10,150
We flew their crew picture
814
00:44:10,234 --> 00:44:11,735
on our flight deck
during the mission.
815
00:44:11,819 --> 00:44:14,071
With the shuttle flying again,
816
00:44:14,112 --> 00:44:17,407
the space station can fulfill
its original promise --
817
00:44:17,449 --> 00:44:18,951
a city in space.
818
00:44:19,034 --> 00:44:20,619
I'm really, really excited
819
00:44:20,702 --> 00:44:23,288
about our completing
the lnternational Space Station,
820
00:44:23,372 --> 00:44:25,624
because it's a fabulous place.
821
00:44:25,666 --> 00:44:27,793
And it is a huge stepping-stone
822
00:44:27,876 --> 00:44:30,587
to going back to the moon
for a long duration
823
00:44:30,671 --> 00:44:32,464
and then on to Mars.
824
00:44:32,548 --> 00:44:35,968
We have learned so much
about our space environment
825
00:44:36,051 --> 00:44:38,178
by flying the shuttle.
826
00:44:38,262 --> 00:44:41,306
And now it's time to go farther.
827
00:44:43,141 --> 00:44:46,061
But those are journeys
for the future.
828
00:44:47,563 --> 00:44:52,484
When we left Earth,
it changed our world.
829
00:44:52,568 --> 00:44:57,197
It's a legacy of small steps
and great adventure.
830
00:45:00,993 --> 00:45:03,245
From the first attempts
to send rockets
831
00:45:03,328 --> 00:45:06,290
beyond the bounds
of Earth's atmosphere
832
00:45:06,373 --> 00:45:08,792
to the selection
of the first astronauts.
833
00:45:08,834 --> 00:45:10,460
Ladies and gentlemen,
834
00:45:10,502 --> 00:45:14,173
these are the nation's
Mercury astronauts.
835
00:45:15,883 --> 00:45:17,759
I think now I really see
836
00:45:17,843 --> 00:45:23,265
how complex their job really was
and how brave they were.
837
00:45:23,348 --> 00:45:24,683
Either that or they were crazy.
838
00:45:24,766 --> 00:45:27,811
Project Mercury
proves astronauts
839
00:45:27,853 --> 00:45:31,607
can survive riding a rocket
into the vacuum of space.
840
00:45:32,191 --> 00:45:35,527
But those small steps
are only the beginning.
841
00:45:35,569 --> 00:45:38,030
We choose to go to the moon
in this decade
842
00:45:38,113 --> 00:45:41,825
and do the other things
not because they are easy,
843
00:45:41,909 --> 00:45:43,744
but because they are hard.
844
00:45:44,703 --> 00:45:47,039
In Project Gemini,
845
00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:49,666
each mission tackles
another critical procedure
846
00:45:49,708 --> 00:45:51,627
from the Apollo flight plan.
847
00:45:54,546 --> 00:45:57,299
Astronauts learn how to fly
to the moon.
848
00:45:59,009 --> 00:46:01,220
By the time we finished
Gemini program,
849
00:46:01,303 --> 00:46:04,139
we had a solid foundation
of technology now
850
00:46:04,223 --> 00:46:06,225
to take the step
to go to the moon.
851
00:46:06,308 --> 00:46:10,145
T-minus 3 hours, 4 minutes,
32 seconds and counting.
852
00:46:10,229 --> 00:46:11,522
To get there,
853
00:46:11,563 --> 00:46:15,651
three men ride a rocket
the size of a skyscraper.
854
00:46:15,734 --> 00:46:19,363
It's the most powerful machine
ever built.
855
00:46:20,781 --> 00:46:22,741
It had on board
856
00:46:22,825 --> 00:46:26,370
about 5 million pounds
of high explosives.
857
00:46:27,079 --> 00:46:29,206
We just hoped
it wouldn't blow up.
858
00:46:30,541 --> 00:46:33,710
"Okay, guys, it's now time to
get down to business.
859
00:46:33,752 --> 00:46:36,505
We're about ready
to land a man on the moon."
860
00:46:36,588 --> 00:46:38,340
60 seconds.
861
00:46:38,423 --> 00:46:41,134
The descent
was very tricky business.
862
00:46:41,218 --> 00:46:43,220
You should
have him now, Houston.
863
00:46:43,762 --> 00:46:46,098
We copy you down, Eagle.
864
00:46:46,181 --> 00:46:50,060
Houston, Tranquility Base here.
865
00:46:50,102 --> 00:46:51,186
The Eagle has landed.
866
00:46:51,270 --> 00:46:53,397
You got a bunch of guys
about to turn blue.
867
00:46:53,438 --> 00:46:54,648
We're breathing again.
868
00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:56,942
Oh, spectacular.
869
00:46:57,025 --> 00:46:58,944
Just spectacular.
870
00:46:59,027 --> 00:47:03,282
Just 12 astronauts
walk on the surface of the moon.
871
00:47:03,365 --> 00:47:05,534
This is gonna be
a good day, Charlie.
872
00:47:06,326 --> 00:47:08,203
And here we go.
873
00:47:13,917 --> 00:47:16,420
From the dawn of the space age,
874
00:47:16,503 --> 00:47:20,299
pioneers on rockets
explore new frontiers
875
00:47:20,340 --> 00:47:25,304
and fulfill the age-old dream
of traveling to other worlds.
876
00:47:26,180 --> 00:47:30,767
Curiosity is the essence
of human existence.
877
00:47:32,936 --> 00:47:36,315
It brings about innovation,
imagination.
878
00:47:36,356 --> 00:47:39,276
It stimulates
the entire society.
879
00:47:39,318 --> 00:47:40,569
Roger. Roll, Discovery.
880
00:47:40,652 --> 00:47:43,614
It's something almost inherent
in us, I believe, to explore,
881
00:47:43,655 --> 00:47:45,657
and that's what
the space program is about.
882
00:47:49,661 --> 00:47:54,166
The power of space
was to raise our aspirations
883
00:47:54,249 --> 00:47:58,420
to those things that are
possible if we will commit.
884
00:47:59,963 --> 00:48:01,465
The most important thing
885
00:48:01,548 --> 00:48:03,383
that we have to pass on
to our younger people
886
00:48:03,467 --> 00:48:06,220
is that the word "impossible"
doesn't exist.
887
00:48:08,388 --> 00:48:11,808
Given the desire to do it,
888
00:48:11,850 --> 00:48:14,144
humans can accomplish
almost anything.
889
00:48:14,186 --> 00:48:16,647
We have to continue
to move forward.
890
00:48:16,688 --> 00:48:20,025
To stop in space
is to surrender.
68299
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